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Li T, Tong Q, Wang Z, Yang Z, Sun Y, Cai J, Xu Q, Lu Y, Liu X, Lin K, Qian Y. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Inhibits Atrial Fibrosis and Reduces the Occurrence and Maintenance of Atrial Fibrillation and its Possible Mechanisms. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:895-916. [PMID: 37000367 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrosis is one of the main causes of the onset and recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF), for which there is no effective treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on AF in rats. METHODS The rat model of AF was established by rapid pacing induction after angiotensin-II (Ang-II) induced atrial fibrosis to verify the relationship between atrial fibrosis and the AF. The expression levels of TGF-β/Smad3 pathway molecules and lysyl oxidase (LOX) in AF were detected. Subsequently, EGCG was used to intervene Ang-II-induced atrial fibrosis to explore the role of EGCG in the treatment of AF and its inhibitory mechanism on fibrosis. It was further verified that EGCG inhibited the production of collagen and the expression of LOX through the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway at the cellular level. RESULTS The results showed that the induction rate and maintenance time of AF in rats increased with the increase of the degree of atrial fibrosis. Meanwhile, the expressions of Col I, Col III, molecules related to TGF-β/Smad3 pathway, and LOX increased significantly in the atrial tissues of rats in the Ang-II induced group. EGCG could reduce the occurrence and maintenance time of AF by inhibiting the degree of Ang-induced rat atrial fibrosis. Cell experiments confirmed that EGCG could reduce the synthesis of collagen and the expression of LOX in cardiac fibroblast induced by Ang-II. The possible mechanism is to down-regulate the expression of genes and proteins related to the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. CONCLUSION EGCG could downregulate the expression levels of collagen and LOX by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway, alleviating Ang-II-induced atrial fibrosis, which in turn inhibited the occurrence and curtailed the duration of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengjie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqi Yang
- West China Medical School /West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiren Sun
- West China Medical School /West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyue Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Chinese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital Press, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjun Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Lin Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Chen T, Wang J, Li J, Gong J, Chen Z, Yang Q, Li X. EGCG suppressed activation of hepatic stellate cells by regulating the PLCE1/IP 3/Ca 2+ pathway. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03504-w. [PMID: 39325099 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), one of the green tea catechins, exhibits significant antioxidant properties that play an essential role in various diseases. However, the functional role and underlying mechanism of EGCG in stimulating of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) remain unexplored in transcriptomics sequencing studies. The present study suggests that oral administration of EGCG at a dosage of 200 mg/kg/day for a duration of four weeks exhibits significant therapeutic potential in a murine model of liver fibrosis induced by CCl4. The activation of HSCs in vitro was dose-dependently inhibited by EGCG. The sequencing analysis data reveled that EGCG exerted a regulatory effect on the calcium signal in mouse HSCs, resulting in a decrease in calcium ion concentration. Further analysis revealed that EGCG inhibited the expression of phospholipase C epsilon-1 (PLCE1) and inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) in activated mouse HSCs. Additionally, EGCG contributes to the reduction the concentration of calcium ions by regulating PLCE1. After the knockdown of PLCE1, free calcium ion concentrations decreased, resulting in the inhibition of both cell proliferation and migration. Interestingly, the expression of PLCE1 and cytosolic calcium levels were regulated by reactive oxygen species(ROS). Furthermore, our findings suggest that ROS might inhibit the expression of PLCE1 by inhibiting TFEB, a transcription activator involved in the nuclear translocation process. Our study provided novel evidence regarding the regulatory effects of EGCG on activated HSCs (aHSCs) in mice by the calcium signaling pathway, emphasizing the crucial role of PLCE1 within the calcium signaling network of HSCs. The proposition was also made that PLCE1 holds promise as a novel therapeutic target for murine liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qihan Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jierui Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiacheng Gong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhuoer Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiaomu Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
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Yang M, Yan R, Sha R, Wang X, Zhou S, Li B, Zheng Q, Cao Y. Epigallocatechin gallate alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through the inhibition of the expression and activity of Dipeptide kinase 4. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1769-1780. [PMID: 38936303 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most prevalent glocal cause of chronic hepatic disease, with incidence rates that continue to rise steadily. Treatment options for affected patients are currently limited to dietary changes and exercise interventions, with no drugs having been licensed for the treatment of this disease. There is thus a pressing need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Work from our group suggests that the primary bioactive ingredient in green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), may help reduce liver fat content and protect against hepatic injury through the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) expression and activity. The study investigated the potential pathways by which EGCG may improve NAFLD, identified the sites of interaction between EGCG and DPP4, and proposed novel clinical treatment strategies. METHODS A clinical randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the potential efficacy of EGCG in NAFLD patients. The study compared relevant indices before and after EGCG administration. Animal models of NAFLD were constructed using male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet to observe the ameliorative effects of EGCG on the livers of the model mice and to investigate the potential pathways by which EGCG alleviates NAFLD. The interaction mechanism between EGCG and DPP4 was investigated using oleic acid and palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cell lines. Plasmids in which different sites had been disrupted were used to identify the effective interaction sites. RESULTS ECGC was found to suppress the accumulation of lipids, inhibit inflammation, remediate dysregulated lipid metabolism, and improve the pathogenesis of NAFLD via the inhibition of the expression and activity of DPP4. CONCLUSIONS The study results indicate that EGCG has a positive impact on improving NAFLD. These results highlight promising new opportunities to safely and effectively treat NAFLD in the clinic. STUDY ID NUMBER ChiCTR2300076741; https://www.chictr.org.cn/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ruike Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ruohe Sha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Shiting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Baifeng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Yanli Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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Taguchi D, Shirakami Y, Sakai H, Maeda T, Miwa T, Kubota M, Imai K, Ibuka T, Shimizu M. High-Fat Diet Delays Liver Fibrosis Recovery and Promotes Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rat Liver Cirrhosis Model. Nutrients 2024; 16:2506. [PMID: 39125385 PMCID: PMC11314319 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
More effective treatments for hepatitis viral infections have led to a reduction in the incidence of liver cirrhosis. A high-fat diet can lead to chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis, but the effects of lipid intake on liver disease status, including hepatitis C virus and alcohol, after elimination of the cause are unclear. To investigate the effects, we used a rat cirrhosis model and a high-fat diet in this study. Male Wistar rats were administered carbon tetrachloride for 5 weeks. At 12 weeks of age, one group was sacrificed. The remaining rats were divided into four groups according to whether or not they were administered carbon tetrachloride for 5 weeks, and whether they were fed a high-fat diet or control diet. At 12 weeks of age, liver fibrosis became apparent and then improved in the groups where carbon tetrachloride was discontinued, while it worsened in the groups where carbon tetrachloride was continued. Liver fibrosis was notable in both the carbon tetrachloride discontinuation and continuation groups due to the administration of a high-fat diet. In addition, liver precancerous lesions were observed in all groups, and tumor size and multiplicity were higher in the high-fat diet-fed groups. The expression of genes related to inflammation and lipogenesis were upregulated in rats fed a high-fat diet compared to their controls. The results suggest that a high-fat diet worsens liver fibrosis and promotes liver carcinogenesis, presumably through enhanced inflammation and lipogenesis, even after eliminating the underlying cause of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Gong P, Long H, Guo Y, Wang Z, Yao W, Wang J, Yang W, Li N, Xie J, Chen F. Chinese herbal medicines: The modulator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease targeting oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116927. [PMID: 37532073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants are a natural treasure trove; their secondary metabolites participate in several pharmacological processes, making them a crucial component in the synthesis of novel pharmaceuticals and serving as a reserve resource foundation in this process. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the risk of progression to hepatitis and liver cancer. The "Treatise on Febrile Diseases," "Compendium of Materia Medica," and "Thousand Golden Prescriptions" have listed herbal remedies to treat liver diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW Chinese herbal medicines have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD owing to their efficacy and low side effects. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during NAFLD, and the impact and potential mechanism of ROS on the pathogenesis of NAFLD are discussed in this review. Furthermore, common foods and herbs that can be used to prevent NAFLD, as well as the structure-activity relationships and potential mechanisms, are discussed. METHODS Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI database, Google Scholar, and WanFang database were searched for natural products that have been used to treat or prevent NAFLD in the past five years. The primary search was performed using the following keywords in different combinations in full articles: NAFLD, herb, natural products, medicine, and ROS. More than 400 research papers and review articles were found and analyzed in this review. RESULTS By classifying and discussing the literature, we obtained 86 herbaceous plants, 28 of which were derived from food and 58 from Chinese herbal medicines. The mechanism of NAFLD was proposed through experimental studies on thirteen natural compounds (quercetin, hesperidin, rutin, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, salvianolic acid B, paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1, ursolic acid, berberine, honokiol, emodin). The occurrence and progression of NAFLD could be prevented by natural antioxidants through several pathways to prevent ROS accumulation and reduce hepatic cell injuries caused by excessive ROS. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the natural products and routinely used herbs (prescription) in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Firstly, the mechanisms by which natural products improve NAFLD through antioxidant pathways are elucidated. Secondly, the potential of traditional Chinese medicine theory in improving NAFLD is discussed, highlighting the safety of food-medicine homology and the broader clinical potential of multi-component formulations in improving NAFLD. Aiming to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Witte K, Wolk K, Witte-Händel E, Krause T, Kokolakis G, Sabat R. Targeting Metabolic Syndrome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa by Phytochemicals as a Potential Complementary Therapeutic Strategy. Nutrients 2023; 15:3797. [PMID: 37686829 PMCID: PMC10490062 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the appearance of painful inflamed nodules, abscesses, and pus-draining sinus tracts in the intertriginous skin of the groins, buttocks, and perianal and axillary regions. Despite its high prevalence of ~0.4-1%, therapeutic options for HS are still limited. Over the past 10 years, it has become clear that HS is a systemic disease, associated with various comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its sequelae. Accordingly, the life expectancy of HS patients is significantly reduced. MetS, in particular, obesity, can support sustained inflammation and thereby exacerbate skin manifestations and the chronification of HS. However, MetS actually lacks necessary attention in HS therapy, underlining the high medical need for novel therapeutic options. This review directs attention towards the relevance of MetS in HS and evaluates the potential of phytomedical drug candidates to alleviate its components. It starts by describing key facts about HS, the specifics of metabolic alterations in HS patients, and mechanisms by which obesity may exacerbate HS skin alterations. Then, the results from the preclinical studies with phytochemicals on MetS parameters are evaluated and the outcomes of respective randomized controlled clinical trials in healthy people and patients without HS are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Witte
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Inflammation and Regeneration of Skin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Inflammation and Regeneration of Skin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen Witte-Händel
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torben Krause
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Kokolakis
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Sabat
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Li L, Qin Y, Xin X, Wang S, Liu Z, Feng X. The great potential of flavonoids as candidate drugs for NAFLD. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114991. [PMID: 37302319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a global prevalence of approximately 25 % and is associated with high morbidity and high mortality. NAFLD is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Its pathophysiology is complex and still poorly understood, and there are no drugs used in the clinic to specifically treat NAFLD. Its pathogenesis involves the accumulation of excess lipids in the liver, leading to lipid metabolism disorders and inflammation. Phytochemicals with the potential to prevent or treat excess lipid accumulation have recently received increasing attention, as they are potentially more suitable for long-term use than are traditional therapeutic compounds. In this review, we summarize the classification, biochemical properties, and biological functions of flavonoids and how they are used in the treatment of NAFLD. Highlighting the roles and pharmacological uses of these compounds will be of importance for enhancing the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangge Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xijian Xin
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Shendong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China.
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Abunofal O, Mohan C. Salubrious Effects of Green Tea Catechins on Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. MEDICINES 2022; 9:medicines9030020. [PMID: 35323719 PMCID: PMC8949532 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenol green tea catechin with potential health benefits and therapeutic effects in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common liver disorder that adversely affects liver function and lipid metabolism. This systematic review surveyed the effects of EGCG or green tea extract (GTE) on NAFLD reported in studies involving rodent models or humans with a focus on clinicopathologic outcomes, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and inflammatory, oxidative stress, and liver injury markers. Articles involving clinical efficacy of EGCG/GTE on human subjects and rodent models were gathered by searching the PUBMED database and by referencing additional articles identified from other literature reviews. EGCG or GTE supplementation reduced body weight, adipose tissue deposits, and food intake. Mechanistically, the majority of these studies confirmed that EGCG or GTE supplementation plays a significant role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism and expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis. Importantly, EGCG and GTE supplementation were shown to have beneficial effects on oxidative stress-related pathways that activate pro-inflammatory responses, leading to liver damage. In conclusion, green tea catechins are a potentially useful treatment option for NAFLD. More research is required to determine the ideal dosage, treatment duration, and most effective delivery method of EGCG or GTE, and to provide more definitive conclusions by performing large, randomized clinical trials.
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Eguchi A, Mizukami S, Nakamura M, Masuda S, Murayama H, Kawashima M, Inohana M, Nagahara R, Kobayashi M, Yamashita R, Uomoto S, Makino E, Ohtsuka R, Takahashi N, Hayashi SM, Maronpot RR, Shibutani M, Yoshida T. Metronidazole enhances steatosis-related early-stage hepatocarcinogenesis in high fat diet-fed rats through DNA double-strand breaks and modulation of autophagy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:779-789. [PMID: 34341928 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a hepatic disorder with deposition of fat droplets and has a high risk of progression to steatosis-related hepatitis and irreversible hepatic cancer. Metronidazole (MNZ) is an antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent widely used to treat patients infected with anaerobic bacteria and intestinal parasites; however, MNZ has also been shown to induce liver tumors in rodents. To investigate the effects of MNZ on steatosis-related early-stage hepatocarcinogenesis, male rats treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine following 2/3 hepatectomy at week 3 were received a control basal diet, high fat diet (HFD), or HFD containing 0.5% MNZ. The HFD induced obesity and steatosis in the liver, accompanied by altered expression of Pparg and Fasn, genes related to lipid metabolism. MNZ increased nuclear translocation of lipid metabolism-related transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in hepatocytes, together with altered liver expression of lipid metabolism genes (Srebf1, Srebf2, Pnpla2). Furthermore, MNZ significantly increased the number of preneoplastic liver foci, accompanied by DNA double-strand breaks and late-stage autophagy inhibition, as reflected by increased levels of γ-H2AX, LC3, and p62. Therefore, MNZ could induce steatosis-related hepatocarcinogenesis by inducing DNA double-strand breaks and modulating autophagy in HFD-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Eguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Sayaka Mizukami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Misato Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Sousuke Masuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hirotada Murayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masashi Kawashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mari Inohana
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Rei Nagahara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mio Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Risako Yamashita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Suzuka Uomoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Emi Makino
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ohtsuka
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan
| | - Naofumi Takahashi
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan
| | - Shim-Mo Hayashi
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen F. F. I., Inc., 1-1-11 Sanwa-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-8588, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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10
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Xin X, Cheng C, Bei-Yu C, Hong-Shan L, Hua-Jie T, Xin W, Zi-Ming A, Qin-Mei S, Yi-Yang H, Qin F. Caffeine and EGCG Alleviate High-Trans Fatty Acid and High-Carbohydrate Diet-Induced NASH in Mice: Commonality and Specificity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:784354. [PMID: 34881283 PMCID: PMC8647766 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.784354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which respectively, are the main functional extracts from coffee and green tea, and present protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). These two beverages and their functional extracts are highly recommended as potential treatments for obesity and NAFLD in clinics; however, their pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacological mechanisms in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the commonality and specificity of the pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of caffeine and EGCG on NASH mice, which were fed with a high-trans fatty acid/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (control group) or an HFHC diet (HFHC group) for 24 weeks. HFHC group mice were additionally treated with caffeine (75 mg/kg) or EGCG (100 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, using obeticholic acid (OCA,10 mg/kg) as a positive control group. The pharmacological effects of the drugs, including effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver inflammation and fibrosis, were evaluated. Gene expression in liver tissue samples from the different groups were assessed. Both caffeine and EGCG significantly reduced the liver manifestations of NASH induced by HFHC. The pathological aspects of liver lipid deposition, inflammation, and liver fibrosis in both groups were strongly ameliorated. Of note, most indexes were strongly reversed in the caffeine group, although AST activity, fasting blood glucose, and the HOMA-IR index were improved in the ECGC group. There were 714 differentially expressed genes between the caffeine and HFHC groups and 268 differentially expressed genes between the EGCG and HFHC groups. Twenty and 17 NASH-related KEGG signaling pathways were enriched by caffeine and EGCG. This study confirmed that 75 mg/kg caffeine and 100 mg/kg EGCG could significantly improve liver lipid deposition, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH induced by HFHC. The bioinformatics platform we built for caffeine and EGCG in NASH disease found that the two drugs may greatly overlap in improving the mechanism related to NASH inflammation. However, caffeine may have better potential in regulating glucose metabolism and EGCG may have better potential in regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai Bei-Yu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Hong-Shan
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Hua-Jie
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Xin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An Zi-Ming
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Qin-Mei
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Yi-Yang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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11
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Green Tea and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) for the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases (NAFLD): Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Mechanism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071076. [PMID: 34356308 PMCID: PMC8301033 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) represent a set of liver disorders progressing from steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, which induce huge burden to human health. Many pathophysiological factors are considered to influence NAFLD in a parallel pattern, involving insulin resistance, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory cascades, fibrogenic reaction, etc. However, the underlying mechanisms, including those that induce NAFLD development, have not been fully understood. Specifically, oxidative stress, mainly mediated by excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, has participated in the multiple NAFLD-related signaling by serving as an accelerator. Ameliorating oxidative stress and maintaining redox homeostasis may be a promising approach for the management of NAFLD. Green tea is one of the most important dietary resources of natural antioxidants, above which epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) notably contributes to its antioxidative action. Accumulative evidence from randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis has revealed the beneficial functions of green tea and EGCG in preventing and managing NAFLD, with acceptable safety in the patients. Abundant animal and cellular studies have demonstrated that green tea and EGCG may protect against NAFLD initiation and development by alleviating oxidative stress and the related metabolism dysfunction, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. The targeted signaling pathways may include, but are not limited to, NRF2, AMPK, SIRT1, NF-κB, TLR4/MYD88, TGF-β/SMAD, and PI3K/Akt/FoxO1, etc. In this review, we thoroughly discuss the oxidative stress-related mechanisms involved in NAFLD development, as well as summarize the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of green tea and EGCG against NAFLD.
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12
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Lamothe J, Khurana S, Tharmalingam S, Williamson C, Byrne CJ, Lees SJ, Khaper N, Kumar A, Tai T. Oxidative Stress Mediates the Fetal Programming of Hypertension by Glucocorticoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040531. [PMID: 33805403 PMCID: PMC8066984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of cardiovascular fetal programming has emphasized the importance of the uterine environment on postnatal cardiovascular health. Studies have linked increased fetal glucocorticoid exposure, either from exogenous sources (such as dexamethasone (Dex) injections), or from maternal stress, to the development of adult cardiovascular pathologies. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, alterations in gene expression driven by altered oxidative stress and epigenetic pathways are implicated in glucocorticoid-mediated cardiovascular programming. Antioxidants, such as the naturally occurring polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), or the superoxide dismutase (SOD) 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (TEMPOL), have shown promise in the prevention of cardiovascular dysfunction and programming. This study investigated maternal antioxidant administration with EGCG or TEMPOL and their ability to attenuate the fetal programming of hypertension via Dex injections in WKY rats. Results from this study indicate that, while Dex-programming increased blood pressure in male and female adult offspring, administration of EGCG or TEMPOL via maternal drinking water attenuated Dex-programmed increases in blood pressure, as well as changes in adrenal mRNA and protein levels of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), in a sex-specific manner. Furthermore, programmed male offspring displayed reduced antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) expression, increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase (CAT) expression, and increased pro-oxidant NADPH oxidase activator 1 (Noxa1) expression in the adrenal glands. In addition, prenatal Dex exposure alters expression of epigenetic regulators histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1, 5, 6, 7, 11, in male and HDAC7 in female offspring. These results suggest that glucocorticoids may mediate the fetal programming of hypertension via alteration of epigenetic machinery and oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lamothe
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.L.); (S.T.); (N.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.L.); (S.T.); (N.K.); (A.K.)
- Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (C.W.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Chad Williamson
- Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (C.W.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Collin J. Byrne
- Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (C.W.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Simon J. Lees
- Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.L.); (S.T.); (N.K.); (A.K.)
- Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Aseem Kumar
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.L.); (S.T.); (N.K.); (A.K.)
- Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (C.W.); (C.J.B.)
| | - T.C. Tai
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.L.); (S.T.); (N.K.); (A.K.)
- Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (C.W.); (C.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Leng YR, Zhang MH, Luo JG, Zhang H. Pathogenesis of NASH and Promising Natural Products. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:12-27. [PMID: 33516448 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common clinical condition that can lead to advanced liver diseases. The mechanism of the diaease progression, which is lacking effective therapy, remains obsure. Therefore, there is a need to understand the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for disease development and progression in order to develop innovative therapies. To accomplish this goal, experimental animal models that recapitulate the human disease are necessary. Currently, an increasing number of studies have focused on natural constituents from medicinal plants which have been emerged as a new hope for NASH. This review summarized the pathogenesis of NASH, animal models commonly used, and the promising targets for therapeutics. We also reviewed the natural constituents as potential NASH therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Rong Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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14
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Huang S, Tang Y, Liu T, Zhang N, Yang X, Yang D, Hong G. A Novel Antioxidant Protects Against Contrast Medium-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:599577. [PMID: 33329004 PMCID: PMC7729082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies proposed that oxidative stress and apoptosis are key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Xylose-pyrogallol conjugate (XP) is an original effective antioxidant that showed decent antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effect before. Thus the therapeutic effect and mechanism of XP in preventing CI-AKI in the short and long term were investigated in this research. Renal function and histological grade were evaluated to determine the severity of renal injury. Kidney samples were then collected for the measurement of oxidative stress markers and the detection of apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blot of mitochondrial protein were utilized for the analysis of the mitochondrial conditions. The results demonstrated that the CI-AKI rats caused a significant decrease in renal function accompanied by a remarkable increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA), bax, caspase-3, cytochrome c (Cyt C) level, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive apoptotic cells, and damaged mitochondria, while a decline in antioxidase activities and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression compared with the control rats. However, when XP (50 or 100 or 200 mg/kg/day) was given orally for consecutive 7 days before CI-AKI modeling, XP (200 mg/kg) showed a better capability to restore renal dysfunction, histopathological appearance, the level of apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and fibrosis generation without interference in computed tomographic imaging. Our study indicated that antioxidant XP played a nephroprotective role probably via antiapoptotic and antioxidant mechanisms. Besides, XP may regulate the mitochondria pathway via decreasing the ratio of bax/bcl-2, inhibiting caspase-3 expression, cytochrome c release, and superoxide dismutase 2 activity. Overall, XP as a high-efficient antioxidant may have the potentials to prevent CI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- Clinical College of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Clinical College of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianjun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xueyan Yang
- Clinical College of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingwei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Hong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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15
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Ning K, Lu K, Chen Q, Guo Z, Du X, Riaz F, Feng L, Fu Y, Yin C, Zhang F, Wu L, Li D. Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects Mice against Methionine-Choline-Deficient-Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Improving Gut Microbiota To Attenuate Hepatic Injury and Regulate Metabolism. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20800-20809. [PMID: 32875214 PMCID: PMC7450495 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been regarded as a protective bioactive polyphenol in green tea against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the mechanism remains poorly deciphered. Herein, we assessed the role and mechanism of EGCG on gut microbiota and the metabolism in NASH development. Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were fed with either a methionine-choline-sufficient diet or a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet with or without EGCG administration for 4 weeks. Liver injury, inflammation, lipid accumulation, and iron overload were examined. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was used to detect the fecal microbiome. In our research, we observed that EGCG notably improved MCD-diet-derived gut microbiota dysbiosis, as proved by a distinctively clustered separation from that of the MCD group and by the decrease of the Oxalobacter, Oscillibacter, Coprococcus_1, and Desulfovibrio genera and enrichment of norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24_7_group, Alloprevotella, and Bacteroides. Spearman-correlation heatmap analysis indicated that Bacteroides and Alloprevotella induced by EGCG were strongly negatively correlated with lipid accumulation. Functional enzymes of the gut microbiome were predicted by PICRUSt based on the operation classification unit. The results revealed that 1468 enzymes were involved in various metabolic pathways, and 371 enzymes showed distinct changes between untreated and EGCG-treated mice. Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ACSBG played a distinct role in fatty acid metabolism and ferroptosis and was significantly negatively correlated with Bacteroides. Altogether, the salutary effect of EGCG on NASH might be via shifting gut flora and certain enzymes from genera. Our study thus takes a step toward NASH prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiting Ning
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an
Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education
of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.
R. China
| | - Kaikai Lu
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an
Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education
of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.
R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an
Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education
of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.
R. China
| | - Zizhen Guo
- Shanghai
Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an
Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education
of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.
R. China
| | - Farooq Riaz
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an
Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education
of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.
R. China
| | - Lina Feng
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an
Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education
of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.
R. China
| | - Yuping Fu
- Department
of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department
of Pediatric, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an
Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education
of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.
R. China
| | - Litao Wu
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an
Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education
of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.
R. China
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an
Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education
of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.
R. China
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16
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Xiao L, Liang S, Ge L, Qiu S, Wan H, Wu S, Fei J, Peng S, Zeng X. Si-Wei-Qing-Gan-Tang Improves Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Modulating the Nuclear Factor-κB Signal Pathway and Autophagy in Methionine and Choline Deficient Diet-Fed Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:530. [PMID: 32425782 PMCID: PMC7206618 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Si-Wei-Qing-Gan-Tang (SWQGT) is a Chinese medicine formula that is widely used as a folk remedy of herbal tea for the treatment of chronic hepatitis, like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), around Ganzhou City (Jiangxi province, China). However, the underlying mechanisms of this formula against NASH are still unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of SWQGT against NASH. A network pharmacology approach was used to predict the potential mechanisms of SWQGT against NASH. Then a rat model of NASH established by feeding the methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet was used to verify the effect and mechanisms of SWQGT on NASH in vivo. SWQGT (1 g/kg/d and 3 g/kg/d) were given by intragastric administration. Body weight, liver weight, serum biochemical indicators, liver triglyceride and total cholesterol were all measured. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 levels in the livers were evaluated using ELISA. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Oil Red O staining were used to determine histology, while western blot was used to assess the relative expression levels of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway- and autophagy-related proteins. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that SWQGT obviously influenced inflammation-related signal pathways in NASH. Furthermore, in vivo experiment showed that SWQGT caused a reduction in liver weight and liver index of MCD diet-fed rats. The formula also helped to reduce hepatomegaly and improve pathological liver changes and hepatic steatosis. SWQGT likewise reduced liver TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels and down-regulated p-NF-κB p65, p-p38 MAPK, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-mTOR, and p62, while up-regulating p-ULK1 and LC3II protein expression levels. SWQGT could improve NASH in MCD diet-fed rats, and this effect may be associated with its down-regulation of NF-κB and activation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Xiao
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Liang
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lanlan Ge
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuling Qiu
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoqiang Wan
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathology (Longhua Branch), 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shipin Wu
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Fei
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shusong Peng
- Department of Pathology (Longhua Branch), 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Shen Y, Xiao X, Wu K, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Liu J, Sun S, Liu J. Effects and molecular mechanisms of Ninghong black tea extract in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of rats. J Food Sci 2020; 85:800-807. [PMID: 32090345 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to observe the effects of Ninghong black tea extract on fat deposition and high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to explore the potential mechanisms of these effect. Under 2% Ninghong black tea extract diet feeding in rat model, the results showed that Ninghong black tea extract decreased the body fat ratio and the number of lipid droplets in the liver and significantly alleviated NAFLD in the rat model. The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that Ninghong black tea extract significantly upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), which is important in fatty acid β-oxidation, and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), which plays an important role in the synthesis of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). By promoting the expression of PPARα and MTP in liver tissue and thereby promoting fatty acid β-oxidation and VLDL synthesis, Ninghong black tea extract relieves high-fat diet-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Kunlu Wu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yanpeng Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yijun Yuan
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Shuming Sun
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
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18
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Zhou J, Ho CT, Long P, Meng Q, Zhang L, Wan X. Preventive Efficiency of Green Tea and Its Components on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5306-5317. [PMID: 30892882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a typical chronic liver disease highly correlated with metabolic syndrome. Growing prevalence of NAFLD is supposed to be linked with the unhealthy lifestyle, especially high-calorie diet and lacking enough exercise. Currently, there is no validated pharmacological therapy for NAFLD except for weight reduction. However, many dietary strategies had preventive effects on the development of liver steatosis or its progression. As one of the most common beverages, green tea contains abundant bioactive compounds possessing antioxidant, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as improving insulin resistance and gut dysbiosis that can alleviate the risk of NAFLD. Hence, in this review, we summarized the studies of green tea and its components on NAFLD from animal experiments and human interventions and discussed the potential mechanisms. Available evidence suggested that tea consumption is promising to prevent NAFLD, and further mechanisms and clinical studies need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , United States
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19
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Ushiroda C, Naito Y, Takagi T, Uchiyama K, Mizushima K, Higashimura Y, Yasukawa Z, Okubo T, Inoue R, Honda A, Matsuzaki Y, Itoh Y. Green tea polyphenol (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) improves gut dysbiosis and serum bile acids dysregulation in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:34-46. [PMID: 31379412 PMCID: PMC6667385 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota have profound effects on bile acid metabolism by promoting deconjugation, dehydrogenation, and dehydroxylation of primary bile acids in the distal small intestine and colon. High-fat diet-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota and bile acid dysregulation may be involved in the pathology of steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenolic catechin in green tea, has been widely investigated for its inhibitory or preventive effects against fatty liver. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of EGCG on the abundance of gut microbiota and the composition of serum bile acids in high-fat diet-fed mice and determine the specific bacterial genera that can improve the serum bile acid dysregulation associated with EGCG anti-hepatic steatosis action. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed with the control diet, high-fat diet, or high-fat diet + EGCG at a concentration of 0.32% for 8 weeks. EGCG significantly inhibited the increases in weight, the area of fatty lesions, and the triglyceride content in the liver induced by the high-fat diet. Principal coordinate analysis revealed significant differences in microbial structure among the groups. At the genus level, EGCG induced changes in the microbiota composition in high-fat diet-fed mice, showing a significantly higher abundance of Adlercreutzia, Akkermansia, Allobaculum and a significantly lower abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae. EGCG significantly reversed the decreased population of serum primary cholic acid and β-muricholic acid as well as the increased population of taurine-conjugated cholic acid, β-muricholic acid and deoxycholic acid in high-fat diet-fed mice. Finally, the correlation analysis between bile acid profiles and gut microbiota demonstrated the contribution of Akkermansia and Desulfovibrionaceae in the improvement of bile acid dysregulation in high-fat diet-fed mice by treatment with EGCG. In conclusion, the present study suggests that EGCG could alter bile acid metabolism, especially taurine deconjugation, and suppress fatty liver disease by improving the intestinal luminal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Ushiroda
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higashimura
- Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Zenta Yasukawa
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Okubo
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Ami-machi Chuo, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsuzaki
- Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Ami-machi Chuo, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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20
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Coia H, Ma N, Hou Y, Dyba MD, Fu Y, Cruz MI, Benitez C, Graham GT, McCutcheon JN, Zheng YL, Sun B, Kallakury BV, Ma J, Fang HB, Berry DL, Muralidaran V, Chung FL. Prevention of Lipid Peroxidation-derived Cyclic DNA Adduct and Mutation in High-Fat Diet-induced Hepatocarcinogenesis by Theaphenon E. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:665-676. [PMID: 30131435 PMCID: PMC6171362 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with cancer risk and its link with liver cancer is particularly strong. Obesity causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that could progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Chronic inflammation likely plays a key role. We carried out a bioassay in the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice to provide insight into the mechanisms of obesity-related HCC by studying γ-OHPdG, a mutagenic DNA adduct derived from lipid peroxidation. In an 80-week bioassay, mice received a low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD with 2% Theaphenon E (TE) (HFD+TE). HFD mice developed a 42% incidence of HCC and LFD mice a 16%. Remarkably, TE, a standardized green tea extract formulation, completely blocked HCC in HFD mice with a 0% incidence. γ-OHPdG measured in the hepatic DNA of mice fed HFD and HFD+TE showed its levels increased during the early stages of NAFLD in HFD mice and the increases were significantly suppressed by TE, correlating with the tumor data. Whole-exome sequencing showed an increased mutation load in the liver tumors of HFD mice with G>A and G>T as the predominant mutations, consistent with the report that γ-OHPdG induces G>A and G>T. Furthermore, the mutation loads were significantly reduced in HFD+TE mice, particularly G>T, the most common mutation in human HCC. These results demonstrate in a relevant model of obesity-induced HCC that γ-OHPdG formation during fatty liver disease may be an initiating event for accumulated mutations that leads to HCC and this process can be effectively inhibited by TE. Cancer Prev Res; 11(10); 665-76. ©2018 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/drug effects
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/prevention & control
- DNA Adducts/drug effects
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Incidence
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/epidemiology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutation Rate
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/pathology
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Polyphenols/administration & dosage
- Tea/chemistry
- Exome Sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Coia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Yanqi Hou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Marcin D Dyba
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - M Idalia Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Carlos Benitez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Justine N McCutcheon
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Yun-Ling Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Bhaskar V Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Hong-Bin Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Deborah L Berry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Vinona Muralidaran
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Fung-Lung Chung
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC.
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
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21
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Inhibitory effects of pentoxifylline on inflammation-related tumorigenesis in rat colon. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33972-33981. [PMID: 30338039 PMCID: PMC6188053 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the colorectum increases the risk of colorectal cancer development. Pentoxifylline, a medicine used for improving the circulation, has been reported to inhibit TNF-α production and to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, we investigated the effects of pentoxifylline on inflammation-related colon tumorigenesis in a rodent model using Kyoto APC delta rats, which have APC mutation and are susceptible to colon carcinogenesis. Male Kyoto APC delta rats were treated with azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate, and were subsequently administered water, with or without pentoxifylline. At the end of the experiment, the development of colorectal tumor was significantly inhibited in the pentoxifylline group. The pentoxifylline treatment also lowered the levels of oxidative stress markers and mRNAs of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, in the colon mucosa. The PCNA labeling index and the inflammation score were also decreased in the colon of rats in the pentoxifylline -treated group. We also used an endoscopy to observe the tumor progression and inflammation in the colon of rats, revealing that inflammation grade was significantly lower in pentoxifylline-treated group at several points during the experiment. These findings suggest that pentoxifylline treatment might be useful for chemoprevention of inflammation-related colon cancer.
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22
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Chen C, Liu Q, Liu L, Hu Y, Feng Q. Potential Biological Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28799714 PMCID: PMC6120134 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue throughout the world. However, no validated treatments for NAFLD are currently available. In‐depth studies have demonstrated the efficacy of (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a main bioactive chemical extracted from green tea, in treating NAFLD. EGCG exhibits multi‐pronged preventive and therapeutic activities, including promoting lipid and glucose metabolism, anti‐lipid peroxidation and anti‐inflammation activities, anti‐fibrosis, and anti‐NAFLD related tumor, thus contributing to the mitigation of NAFLD occurrence and progression. The objectives of this paper are to review and discuss the currently known targets, signaling pathways and roles of EGCG that interfere with NAFLD pathogenesis, then providing additional experimental evidence and the foundation for the further studies and clinical applications of EGCG in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Liu
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐yang Hu
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Clinical MedicineShanghaiChina
- E‐Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education CommitteeShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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23
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Liu C, Ma J, Sun J, Cheng C, Feng Z, Jiang H, Yang W. Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Paulownia fortunei Flowers Attenuates Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia, Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Obesity Mice by AMPK Pathway. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090959. [PMID: 28867797 PMCID: PMC5622719 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid-rich extract from Paulownia fortunei flowers (EPF) has been reported to prevent obesity and other lipid metabolism disease. However, the mechanism of its protective effects is not yet clear. The objective of this study was to investigate molecular factors involved in the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of EPF in obese mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male h ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice were fed a HFD containing or not containing the EPF (50 or 100 mg/kg) for eight weeks. EPF reduced body weight gain, lipid accumulation in livers and levels of lipid, glucose and insulin in plasma as well as reduced insulin resistance as compared with the HFD group. EPF significantly decreased serum aminotransferase activity of the HFD group. We observed that EPF administration significantly increased the level of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and prevented fat deposits in livers and HepG2 cells, but these effects were blocked by compound C (an AMPK inhibitor). The protective effects of EPF were probably associated with the decrease in HMGCR, SREBP-1c and FAS expressions and the increase in CPT1 and phosphor-IRS-1 expressions. Our results suggest that EPF might be a potential natural candidate for the treatment and/or prevention of overweight and hepatic and metabolic-related alterations induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanmin Liu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No. 101, Shanghai Road, Tangshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jieqiong Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, No. 180, Huixing Road, Zigong 643000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianmei Sun
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No. 101, Shanghai Road, Tangshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chao Cheng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No. 101, Shanghai Road, Tangshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhaojun Feng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No. 101, Shanghai Road, Tangshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No. 101, Shanghai Road, Tangshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No. 101, Shanghai Road, Tangshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Ideta T, Shirakami Y, Ohnishi M, Maruta A, Obara K, Miyazaki T, Kochi T, Sakai H, Tomita H, Tanaka T, Blaner WS, Shimizu M. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related liver tumorigenesis is suppressed in mice lacking hepatic retinoid storage. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70695-70706. [PMID: 29050312 PMCID: PMC5642587 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease that can develop into a more serious form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although hepatic retinoid stores are progressively lost during the development of liver disease, how this affects steatohepatitis and its related hepatocarcinogenesis is unknown. In order to investigate these, we used subcutaneous injection of streptozotocin (0.2 mg/body) and high-fat diet to induce steatohepatitis and hepatic tumorigenesis in lecithin:retinol acyltransferase -deficient mice (n = 10), which lack stored retinoid in the liver, and control mice (n = 12). At the termination of the experiment (16 weeks of age), the development of hepatic tumors was significantly suppressed in mutant mice compared to controls. Lower serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and decreased hepatic levels of cyclin D1 were observed in mutant mice. Mutant mice exhibited increased levels of retinoic acid-responsive genes, including p21, and decreased oxidative stress as evaluated by serum and liver markers. Our findings are consistent with the conclusion that mutant mice are less susceptible to steatohepatitis-related liver tumorigenesis due to increased retinoid signaling, which is accompanied by up-regulated p21 expression and attenuated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayasu Ideta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masaya Ohnishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akinori Maruta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koki Obara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kochi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Division of Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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25
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Abstract
Our goal was to evaluate the role of ultrasound (US) imaging in an experimental 2-hit steatofibrosis rat model. Nineteen female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: control group (n = 6) and high-fat diet carbontetrachloride (HFD-CCl4) group (n = 13) that was fed with HFD for 14 weeks. Ultrasound was performed to evaluate liver steatosis. The HFD-CCl4 group rats were divided further into 2 subgroups: HFD rats with liver steatosis [US (+) group; n = 6] and without steatosis [US (-) group; n = 7]. All rats in the subgroups were administered with CCl4. In both US (+) and US (-) subgroups, steatosis score, fibrosis score, triglyceride, and hydroxyproline contents were markedly higher compared with the control group. When compared with the US (-) group, triglyceride and hydroxyproline contents were significantly higher in the US (+) group, whereas steatosis and fibrosis scores were not different. Ultrasound imaging may be useful to assess the success of a 2-hit experimental steatofibrosis model.
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Preventive Effects of Pentoxifylline on the Development of Colonic Premalignant Lesions in Obese and Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020413. [PMID: 28212276 PMCID: PMC5343947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic abnormalities, including enhanced oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, are closely related to colorectal tumorigenesis. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, has been reported to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and possess anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigated the effects of PTX on the development of carcinogen-induced colorectal premalignant lesions in obese and diabetic mice. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice, which are severely obese and diabetic, were administered weekly subcutaneous injections of the colonic carcinogen azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight) for four weeks and then received drinking water containing 125 or 500 ppm PTX for eight weeks. At the time of sacrifice, PTX administration markedly suppressed the development of premalignant lesions in the colorectum. The levels of oxidative stress markers were significantly decreased in the PTX-treated group compared with those in the untreated control group. In PTX-administered mice, the mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, and TNF-α, and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in the colonic mucosa, were significantly reduced. These observations suggest that PTX attenuated chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, and prevented the development of colonic tumorigenesis in an obesity-related colon cancer model.
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Yi QY, Qi J, Yu XJ, Li HB, Zhang Y, Su Q, Shi T, Zhang DM, Guo J, Feng ZP, Wang ML, Zhu GQ, Liu JJ, Shi XL, Kang YM. Paraventricular Nucleus Infusion of Epigallocatechin-3-O-Gallate Improves Renovascular Hypertension. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2017; 16:276-85. [PMID: 26162770 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-015-9335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) is the main polyphenol present in green tea and is known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we hypothesize that EGCG attenuates oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN), thereby decreasing the blood pressure and sympathetic activity in renovascular hypertensive rats. After renovascular hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by the two-kidney one-clip (2K-1C) method, the rats received bilateral PVN infusion of EGCG (20 μg/h) or vehicle via osmotic minipump for 4 weeks. Our results were shown as follows: (1) Hypertension induced by 2K-1C was associated with the production of reactive oxygen species in the PVN; (2) chronic infusion of EGCG in the PVN decreased stress-related NAD(P)H oxidase subunit gp91(phox) and NOX-4 and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD-1), also balanced the content of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and MCP-1) in the PVN, and attenuated the level of norepinephrine in plasma of 2K-1C rats. Our findings provide strong evidence that PVN infusion of EGCG inhibited renovascular hypertension progression through its potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity in the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Yi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Mo-Lin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jin-Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Shin JH, Jung JH. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and flavonoids: Current perspectives. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:17-24. [PMID: 27545758 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an accumulation of fat in the liver despite a low level of alcohol intake, with signs of hepatomegaly. Although in the past, NAFLD was predominantly viewed as an aspect of metabolic syndrome, it is now considered that it should be classified as an independent condition similar to obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Therefore, new treatment strategies, not based on correcting insulin resistance, are needed for NAFLD. This work analyzes methods of prevention, therapeutic approaches, and mechanisms involved in NAFLD, focusing on the use of flavonoids (epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, anthocyanins, and isoflavones) with high antioxidant capacity. In addition, the mechanisms of cholesterol accumulation in the liver are identified as potential avenues for entirely new approaches to NAFLD treatment, contrasting the well-known relation between neutral fat and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hee Shin
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Joongbu University, 201 Daehak-ro, Chubu-myeon, Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-Do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Jung
- Institute for Clinical Nutrition, Inje University, Mareunnae-ro 9, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Attenuates Renal Damage by Suppressing Oxidative Stress in Diabetic db/db Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2968462. [PMID: 27698952 PMCID: PMC5028863 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2968462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), extracted from green tea, has been shown to have antioxidative activity. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of EGCG on the kidney function in db/db mice and also tried to investigate the underlying mechanism of the renoprotective effects of EGCG in both animals and cells. EGCG treatment could decrease the level of urinary protein, 8-iso-PGF2a, and Ang II. Moreover, EGCG could also change the level of several parameters associated with oxidative stress. In addition, the protein expression levels of AT-1R, p22-phox, p47-phox, p-ERK1/2, p-p38 MAPK, TGF-β1, and α-SMA in diabetic db/db mice were upregulated, and all of these symptoms were downregulated with the treatment of EGCG at 50 and 100 mg/kg/d. Furthermore, the pathological changes were ameliorated in db/db mice after EGCG treatment. HK-2 cell-based experiments indicated that EGCG could inhibit the expression of MAPK pathways, which is the downstream effector of Ang II mediated oxidative stress. All these results indicated that EGCG treatment could ameliorate changes of renal pathology and delay the progression of DKD by suppressing hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in diabetic db/db mice.
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Laho T, Clarke JD, Dzierlenga AL, Li H, Klein DM, Goedken M, Micuda S, Cherrington NJ. Effect of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis on renal filtration and secretion of adefovir. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 115:144-51. [PMID: 27381944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adefovir, an acyclic nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat hepatitis B viral infection, is primarily eliminated renally through cooperation of glomerular filtration with active tubular transport. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a variable in drug disposition, yet the impact on renal transport processes has yet to be fully understood. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis on the pharmacokinetics of adefovir in rats given a control or methionine and choline deficient diet to induce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. METHODS Animals received a bolus dose of 7mg/kg (35μCi/kg) [(3)H] adefovir with consequent measurement of plasma and urine concentrations. Inulin clearance was used to determine glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS Methionine and choline deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis prolonged the elimination half-life of adefovir. This observation occurred in conjunction with reduced distribution volume and hepatic levels of adefovir. Notably, despite these changes, renal clearance and overall clearance were not changed, despite markedly reduced glomerular filtration rate in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Alteration of glomerular filtration rate was fully compensated for by a significant increase in tubular secretion of adefovir. Analysis of renal transporters confirmed transcriptional up-regulation of Mrp4, the major transporter for adefovir tubular secretion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates changes to glomerular filtration and tubular secretion that alter pharmacokinetics of adefovir in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-induced changes in renal drug elimination processes could have major implications in variable drug response and the potential for toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Laho
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA; Charles University, Department of Pharmacology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - John D Clarke
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anika L Dzierlenga
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hui Li
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David M Klein
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers University, Department of Translational Sciences Research Pathology Services, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Charles University, Department of Pharmacology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Akhlaghi M. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Beneficial Effects of Flavonoids. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1559-1571. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
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Moreno FS, Heidor R, Pogribny IP. Nutritional Epigenetics and the Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bioactive Food Constituents. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:719-33. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1180410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ohno T, Shimizu M, Shirakami Y, Miyazaki T, Ideta T, Kochi T, Kubota M, Sakai H, Tanaka T, Moriwaki H. Preventive effects of astaxanthin on diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumorigenesis in C57/BL/KsJ-db/db obese mice. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:E201-9. [PMID: 26147624 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Obesity and its related metabolic abnormalities, including oxidative stress and adipokine imbalance, are involved in liver carcinogenesis. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of astaxanthin, a powerful biological antioxidant, on the development of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver tumorigenesis in C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) obese mice. METHODS Male db/db mice were given a single i.p. injection of DEN (25 mg/kg bodyweight) at 2 weeks of age, and, subsequently, from 4 weeks of age, they were fed a diet containing 200 p.p.m. astaxanthin throughout the experiment. RESULTS Twenty weeks of astaxanthin administration significantly inhibited the development of hepatocellular neoplasms (liver cell adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma) and the hepatic expression of cyclin D1 mRNA compared with the basal diet group in DEN-treated db/db mice. Astaxanthin administration in DEN-treated experimental mice markedly reduced the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites/biological antioxidant potential ratio, which is a serum marker of oxidative stress, while increasing the mRNA expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 in the liver and white adipose tissue. The serum levels of adiponectin increased after astaxanthin administration in these mice. CONCLUSION Dietary astaxanthin prevented the development of liver tumorigenesis in obese mice by improving oxidative stress and ameliorating serum adiponectin level. Therefore, astaxanthin may be useful in the chemoprevention of liver tumorigenesis in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Ohno
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yohei Shirakami
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Miyazaki
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takayasu Ideta
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kochi
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hisataka Moriwaki
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Gao Z, Han Y, Hu Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Fu J, Zou X, Zhang J, Chen X, Jose PA, Lu X, Zeng C. Targeting HO-1 by Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Reduces Contrast-Induced Renal Injury via Anti-Oxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammation Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149032. [PMID: 26866373 PMCID: PMC4750900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a purified catechin from green tea, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is unknown whether or not EGCG is effective in treating CIN. Our present study found that intravenous administration of EGCG, either before or just after the establishment of CIN, had a protective effect, determined by normalization of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, improvement in renal histopathological scoring and alleviation of apoptosis, accompanied by decreased oxidative stress and inflammation. Because EGCG is a potent inducer of the antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), we studied HO-1 signaling in CIN. HO-1 levels were increased in CIN; treatment with EGCG further increased HO-1 levels, accompanied by an increase in Nrf2, a regulator of antioxidant proteins. Interestingly, blockade of HO-1 with protoporphyrin IX zinc(II) (ZnPP) prevented the protective effect of EGCG on CIN. ZnPP also blocked the ability of EGCG to increase the activity of an antioxidant (superoxide dismutase), and decrease markers of oxidative stress (myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde) and inflammation (myeloperoxidase and IL-1β), indicating that HO-1 is the upstream molecule that regulates the EGCG-mediated protection. To determine further the role of HO-1 on the EGCG-mediated inhibition of inflammation, we studied the effect of EGCG on the NLRP3 inflammasome, an upstream signaling of IL-1β. EGCG down-regulated NLRP3 expression, which was blocked by ZnPP, indicating that HO-1 links EGCG with NLRP3. Therefore, EGCG, via up-regulation of HO-1, protects against CIN by amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yunhui Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jinjuan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (CZ); (XL)
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (CZ); (XL)
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Domitrović R, Potočnjak I. A comprehensive overview of hepatoprotective natural compounds: mechanism of action and clinical perspectives. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:39-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Rafacho BPM, Stice CP, Liu C, Greenberg AS, Ausman LM, Wang XD. Inhibition of diethylnitrosamine-initiated alcohol-promoted hepatic inflammation and precancerous lesions by flavonoid luteolin is associated with increased sirtuin 1 activity in mice. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2015; 4:124-34. [PMID: 26005679 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.08.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is an established risk for hepatic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Luteolin is one of the most common flavonoids present in plants and has potential beneficial effects against cancer. In this study, we examined the effect and potential mechanisms of luteolin supplementation in a carcinogen initiated alcohol-promoted pre-neoplastic liver lesion mouse model. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) [i.p. 25 mg/kg of body weight (BW)] at 14 days of age. At 8 weeks of age mice were group pair-fed with Lieber-DeCarli liquid control diet or alcoholic diet [ethanol (EtOH) diet, 27% total energy from ethanol] and supplemented with a dose of 30 mg luteolin/kg BW per day for 21 days. RESULTS DEN-injected mice fed EtOH diet displayed a significant induction of pre-neoplastic lesions, a marker associated with presence of steatosis and inflammation. Dietary luteolin significantly reduced the severity and incidence of hepatic inflammatory foci and steatosis in DEN-injected mice fed EtOH diet, as well the presence of preneoplastic lesions. There was no difference on hepatic protein levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) among all groups; however, luteolin supplementation significantly reversed alcohol-reduced SIRT1 activity assessed by the ratio of acetylated and total forkhead box protein O1 (FoXO1) and SIRT1 target proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α). CONCLUSIONS Dietary intake of luteolin prevents alcohol promoted pre-neoplastic lesions, potentially mediated by SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Paola Murino Rafacho
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Camilla Peach Stice
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Andrew S Greenberg
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Lynne M Ausman
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Gan L, Meng ZJ, Xiong RB, Guo JQ, Lu XC, Zheng ZW, Deng YP, Luo BD, Zou F, Li H. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:597-605. [PMID: 25891086 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG on insulin resistance and insulin clearance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice. METHODS Mice were fed on a high-fat diet for 24 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, the mice were injected with EGCG (10, 20 and 40 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip). Glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance and insulin clearance were assessed. After the mice were euthanized, blood samples and tissue specimens were collected. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was examined in isolated pancreatic islets. The progression of NAFLD was evaluated histologically and by measuring lipid contents. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) protein expression and enzyme activity were detected using Western blot and immunocapture activity assays, respectively. RESULTS The high-fat diet significantly increased the body weight and induced grade 2 or 3 liver fatty degeneration (steatosis, lobular inflammation and ballooning) accompanied by severe hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the model mice. Administration of EGCG dose-dependently ameliorated the hepatic morphology and function, reduced the body weight, and alleviated hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in NAFLD mice. Furthermore, EGCG dose-dependently enhanced insulin clearance and upregulated IDE protein expression and enzyme activity in the liver of NAFLD mice. CONCLUSION EGCG dose-dependently improves insulin resistance in NAFLD mice not only by reducing body weight but also through enhancing the insulin clearance by hepatic IDE. The results suggest that IDE be a potential drug target for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Shimizu M, Shirakami Y, Sakai H, Kubota M, Kochi T, Ideta T, Miyazaki T, Moriwaki H. Chemopreventive potential of green tea catechins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6124-39. [PMID: 25789501 PMCID: PMC4394523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is a common malignancy worldwide, usually develops in a cirrhotic liver due to hepatitis virus infection. Metabolic syndrome, which is frequently complicated by obesity and diabetes mellitus, is also a critical risk factor for liver carcinogenesis. Green tea catechins (GTCs) may possess potent anticancer and chemopreventive properties for a number of different malignancies, including liver cancer. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are key mechanisms through which GTCs prevent the development of neoplasms, and they also exert cancer chemopreventive effects by modulating several signaling transduction and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, GTCs are considered to be useful for the prevention of obesity- and metabolic syndrome-related carcinogenesis by improving metabolic disorders. Several interventional trials in humans have shown that GTCs may ameliorate metabolic abnormalities and prevent the development of precancerous lesions. The purpose of this article is to review the key mechanisms by which GTCs exert chemopreventive effects in liver carcinogenesis, focusing especially on their ability to inhibit receptor tyrosine kinases and improve metabolic abnormalities. We also review the evidence for GTCs acting to prevent metabolic syndrome-associated liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Kochi
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Takayasu Ideta
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Tsuneyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Hisataka Moriwaki
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
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Kochi T, Shimizu M, Sumi T, Kubota M, Shirakami Y, Tanaka T, Moriwaki H. Inhibitory effects of astaxanthin on azoxymethane-induced colonic preneoplastic lesions in C57/BL/KsJ-db/db mice. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:212. [PMID: 25515685 PMCID: PMC4273491 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-014-0212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and related metabolic abnormalities, including excess oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, are associated with colorectal carcinogenesis. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid found in aquatic animals, is known to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. The present study examined the effects of astaxanthin on the development of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic premalignant lesions in C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) obese mice. Method Male db/db mice were administered 4 weekly subcutaneous injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) from 5 weeks of age and subsequently, from 1 week after the last injection of AOM, were fed a diet containing 200 ppm astaxanthin throughout the experiment (8 weeks). Result The development of colonic premalignant lesions, i.e., aberrant crypt foci and β-catenin accumulated crypts, was significantly inhibited in mice treated with astaxanthin than in mice fed the basal diet. Astaxanthin administration markedly reduced urinary levels of 8-OHdG and serum levels of d-ROMs, which are oxidative stress markers, while increasing the expression of mRNA for the antioxidant enzymes GPx1, SOD1, and CAT in the colonic mucosa of AOM-treated db/db mice. The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, F4/80, CCL2, and CXCL2 mRNA in the colonic mucosa of AOM-treated mice were significantly decreased by astaxanthin. Dietary feeding with astaxanthin also resulted in a reduction in the numbers of NF-κB- and PCNA-positive cells that were increased by AOM exposure, in the colonic epithelium. Conclusion These findings suggest that astaxanthin inhibits the development of colonic premalignant lesions in an obesity-related colorectal carcinogenesis model by reducing oxidative stress, attenuating chronic inflammation, and inhibiting NF-κB activation and cell proliferation in the colonic mucosa. Astaxanthin, therefore, may be a potential candidate as a chemoprevention agent against colorectal carcinogenesis in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kochi
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Sumi
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Hisataka Moriwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
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Canet MJ, Hardwick RN, Lake AD, Dzierlenga AL, Clarke JD, Goedken MJ, Cherrington NJ. Renal xenobiotic transporter expression is altered in multiple experimental models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 43:266-72. [PMID: 25488932 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.060574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease, which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Previous investigations demonstrated alterations in the expression and activity of hepatic drug transporters in NASH. Moreover, studies using rodent models of cholestasis suggest that compensatory changes in kidney transporter expression occur to facilitate renal excretion during states of hepatic stress; however, little information is currently known regarding extrahepatic regulation of drug transporters in NASH. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the possibility of renal drug transporter regulation in NASH across multiple experimental rodent models. Both rat and mouse NASH models were used in this investigation and include: the methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, atherogenic diet, fa/fa rat, ob/ob and db/db mice. Histologic and pathologic evaluations confirmed that the MCD and atherogenic rats as well as the ob/ob and db/db mice all developed NASH. In contrast, the fa/fa rats did not develop NASH but did develop extensive renal injury compared with the other models. Renal mRNA and protein analyses of xenobiotic transporters suggest that compensatory changes occur in NASH to favor increased xenobiotic secretion. Specifically, both apical efflux and basolateral uptake transporters are induced, whereas apical uptake transporter expression is repressed. These results suggest that NASH may alter the expression and potentially function of renal drug transporters, thereby impacting drug elimination mechanisms in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Canet
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, Arizona (M.J.C., R.N.H., A.D.L., A.L.D., J.D.C., N.J.C.); and Rutgers University, Office of Translational Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - Rhiannon N Hardwick
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, Arizona (M.J.C., R.N.H., A.D.L., A.L.D., J.D.C., N.J.C.); and Rutgers University, Office of Translational Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - April D Lake
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, Arizona (M.J.C., R.N.H., A.D.L., A.L.D., J.D.C., N.J.C.); and Rutgers University, Office of Translational Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - Anika L Dzierlenga
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, Arizona (M.J.C., R.N.H., A.D.L., A.L.D., J.D.C., N.J.C.); and Rutgers University, Office of Translational Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - John D Clarke
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, Arizona (M.J.C., R.N.H., A.D.L., A.L.D., J.D.C., N.J.C.); and Rutgers University, Office of Translational Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - Michael J Goedken
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, Arizona (M.J.C., R.N.H., A.D.L., A.L.D., J.D.C., N.J.C.); and Rutgers University, Office of Translational Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, Arizona (M.J.C., R.N.H., A.D.L., A.L.D., J.D.C., N.J.C.); and Rutgers University, Office of Translational Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
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Sumi T, Shirakami Y, Shimizu M, Kochi T, Ohno T, Kubota M, Shiraki M, Tsurumi H, Tanaka T, Moriwaki H. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses hepatic preneoplastic lesions developed in a novel rat model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:690. [PMID: 25674420 PMCID: PMC4320203 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH, which is accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, is associated with hepatic carcinogenesis. Green tea catechins (GTCs) possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cancer-preventive properties. In this study, we investigated whether (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component of GTCs, inhibits NAFLD/NASH-related liver tumorigenesis. METHODS Male 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of a hepatic carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 30 mg/kg body weight) and then fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 7 weeks. The rats were also provided tap water containing 0.01% or 0.1% EGCG during the experiment. RESULTS At sacrifice, the livers of SD rats treated with DEN and HFD exhibited marked development of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci, a hepatic preneoplastic lesion, and this was associated with hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, and hepatocyte proliferation. EGCG administration, however, inhibited the development of GST-P-positive foci by decreasing hepatic triglyceride content, reducing hepatic fibrosis, lowering oxidative stress, attenuating inflammation, and inhibiting excessive hepatocyte proliferation in DEN- and HFD-treated SD rats. These findings suggest that the experimental model of SD rats treated with HFD and DEN, in which histopathological and pathophysiological characteristics of NASH and the development of hepatic premalignant lesions were observed, might facilitate the evaluation of liver tumorigenesis associated with NAFLD/NASH. CONCLUSIONS Administering EGCG, a GTC, might serve as an effective chemoprevention modality for NAFLD/NASH-related liver tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Sumi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan ; Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kochi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiraki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tsurumi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hisataka Moriwaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Ma YC, Li C, Gao F, Xu Y, Jiang ZB, Liu JX, Jin LY. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the growth of human lung cancer by directly targeting the EGFR signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:1343-9. [PMID: 24366444 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major biologically active compound in green tea, is a well-known chemoprevention agent. Although several reports have shown that EGCG exerts its anticancer activity by targeting specific cell signaling pathways, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) are only partially understood. In the present study, we report that EGCG had a profound antiproliferative effect on human lung cancer cells. EGCG inhibited anchorage-independent growth and induced cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest. The mechanism underlying EGCG antitumor potency was mainly dependent on suppression of the EGFR signaling pathway. Short-term EGCG exposure substantially decreased EGF-induced EGFR, AKT and ERK1/2 activation. Moreover, long-term EGCG treatment not only inhibited total and membranous EGFR expression, but also markedly attenuated EGFR nuclear localization and expression of the downstream target gene cyclin D1, indicating that EGCG treatment suppressed EGFR transactivation. Additionally, knockdown of EGFR in lung cancer cells decreased their sensitivity to EGCG. Thus, inhibition of the EGFR signaling pathway may partly contribute to the anticancer activity of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Long-Yu Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
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