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Mao Y, Dewi SR, Harding SE, Binner E. Influence of ripening stage on the microwave-assisted pectin extraction from banana peels: A feasibility study targeting both the Homogalacturonan and Rhamnogalacturonan-I region. Food Chem 2024; 460:140549. [PMID: 39053277 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This work investigated a sustainable and efficient approach of pectin extraction for banana peel waste valorisation and studied the influence of banana ripening stages (RS at 2,5 and 7). Although pectin content in banana peel raw material decreased during ripening, pectin extraction was favoured. The highest alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS) yield (12.5%) was achieved at 70 °C, 15 mins from RS 7 peel. All extracts were homogalacturan-rich with some rhamnogalacturonan-I content (showing HGA/RG-I ratio > 2) with varied degree of methylation (DM). The highest HGA content (837.2 mg/g AIS) and HGA/RG-I ratio (9.9) were achieved at 110 °C, 0 mins from RS 7, suggesting its promising application as gelling agent. The highest RG-I content (111.1 mg/g AIS) were obtained at 110 °C, 5 mins from RS 7, which was comparable with the pectin with reported prebiotic ability isolated from the literature, suggesting its potential application in novel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Mao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park campus, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Shinta R Dewi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park campus, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia.
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Eleanor Binner
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park campus, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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2
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Ric-Varas P, Paniagua C, López-Casado G, Molina-Hidalgo FJ, Schückel J, Knox JP, Blanco-Portales R, Moyano E, Muñoz-Blanco J, Posé S, Matas AJ, Mercado JA. Suppressing the rhamnogalacturonan lyase gene FaRGLyase1 preserves RGI pectin degradation and enhances strawberry fruit firmness. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108294. [PMID: 38159547 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant rhamnogalacturonan lyases (RGLyases) cleave the backbone of rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), the "hairy" pectin and polymer of the disaccharide rhamnose (Rha)-galacturonic acid (GalA) with arabinan, galactan or arabinogalactan side chains. It has been suggested that RGLyases could participate in remodeling cell walls during fruit softening, but clear evidence has not been reported. To investigate the role of RGLyases in strawberry softening, a genome-wide analysis of RGLyase genes in the genus Fragaria was performed. Seventeen genes encoding RGLyases with functional domains were identified in Fragaria × ananassa. FaRGLyase1 was the most expressed in the ripe receptacle of cv. Chandler. Transgenic strawberry plants expressing an RNAi sequence of FaRGLyase1 were obtained. Three transgenic lines yielded ripe fruits firmer than controls without other fruit quality parameters being significantly affected. The highest increase in firmness achieved was close to 32%. Cell walls were isolated from ripe fruits of two selected lines. The amount of water-soluble and chelated pectins was higher in transgenic lines than in the control. A carbohydrate microarray study showed a higher abundance of RGI epitopes in pectin fractions and in the cellulose-enriched fraction obtained from transgenic lines. Sixty-seven genes were differentially expressed in transgenic ripe fruits when compared with controls. These genes were involved in various physiological processes, including cell wall remodeling, ion homeostasis, lipid metabolism, protein degradation, stress response, and defense. The transcriptomic changes observed in FaRGLyase1 plants suggest that senescence was delayed in transgenic fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ric-Varas
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Candelas Paniagua
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gloria López-Casado
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Julia Schückel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rosario Blanco-Portales
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Moyano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Blanco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sara Posé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio J Matas
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - José A Mercado
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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3
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Gao Y, Lipton AS, Munson CR, Ma Y, Johnson KL, Murray DT, Scheller HV, Mortimer JC. Elongated galactan side chains mediate cellulose-pectin interactions in engineered Arabidopsis secondary cell walls. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37029760 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant secondary cell wall is a thickened matrix of polysaccharides and lignin deposited at the cessation of growth in some cells. It forms the majority of carbon in lignocellulosic biomass, and it is an abundant and renewable source for forage, fiber, materials, fuels, and bioproducts. The complex structure and arrangement of the cell wall polymers mean that the carbon is difficult to access in an economical and sustainable way. One solution is to alter the cell wall polymer structure so that it is more suited to downstream processing. However, it remains difficult to predict what the effects of this engineering will be on the assembly, architecture, and properties of the cell wall. Here, we make use of Arabidopsis plants expressing a suite of genes to increase pectic galactan chain length in the secondary cell wall. Using multi-dimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, we show that increasing galactan chain length enhances pectin-cellulose spatial contacts and increases cellulose crystallinity. We also found that the increased galactan content leads to fewer spatial contacts of cellulose with xyloglucan and the backbone of pectin. Hence, we propose that the elongated galactan side chains compete with xyloglucan and the pectic backbone for cellulose interactions. Due to the galactan topology, this may result in comparatively weak interactions and disrupt the cell wall architecture. Therefore, introduction of this strategy into trees or other bioenergy crops would benefit from cell-specific expression strategies to avoid negative effects on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Andrew S Lipton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Coyla R Munson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Yingxuan Ma
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Kim L Johnson
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Dylan T Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
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4
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Chavan RR, Singh AP, Turner AP. Cell corner middle lamella in hydroids of dendroid moss Hypnodendron menziesii gametophyte is prominently thickened: a proposed role in the mechanical support function. PLANTA 2023; 257:82. [PMID: 36917364 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Significantly thickened corner middle lamella of the hydroid cell wall in the stipe of dendroid moss Hypnodendron menziesii has a mechanical support function. The hydroid cell walls of the erect stipe of Hypnodendron menziesii were investigated using light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and TEM-immunogold labeling in support of the proposed biomechanical function for the highly thickened cell corner middle lamellae. The statistical analyses of dimensions of hydroid cell and wall parameters revealed a strong positive correlation between the area of hydroid cell and (i) the hydroid cell walls adhering to thick corner middle lamella, (ii) the area of the thick cell wall at hydroid corners, and (iii) the maximum thickness of cell wall at hydroid corners. The total area of the thick cell wall at the hydroid corners concomitantly increased with the area of the hydroid cell wall adhering to the middle lamella, and with the increased number of hydroids surrounding a reference hydroid. The results suggest that markedly thickened middle lamellae of the hydroid cell wall in Hypnodendron likely function by preventing hydroid cells from collapsing under the tensile forces generated from the transpirational pull on the water column. The specific localization of (1→4)- β-D-galactan and (1,5)-α-L-arabinan in the interface region of the hydroid cell wall and the thick middle lamella is consistent with these cell wall components being involved in the mechanical strengthening of the interface through firm adhesion as well as elasticity, ensuring the structural stability of this cell wall region, which may be prone to delamination/fracturing from the various internal and external pressures imposed. The copious presence of homogalacturonan in the thick middle lamella may further enhance the strength and flexibility of hydroid cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh R Chavan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Adya P Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adrian P Turner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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5
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A mini-review on the plant sources and methods for extraction of rhamnogalacturonan I. Food Chem 2023; 403:134378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Extraction and Characterization of Cocoa Bean Shell Cell Wall Polysaccharides. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030745. [PMID: 36772046 PMCID: PMC9921167 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocoa bean shells (CBS), a by-product of the cocoa industry, from two cacao varieties and obtained after selected processing conditions (fermentation, drying, roasting) were characterized in terms of their chemical composition, where they were found to be a great source of carbohydrates, specifically dietary fiber, protein, ash, and polyphenols, namely quercetin, epicatechin, and catechin. Cell wall polysaccharides were isolated by alkaline extraction (0.5 M or 4 M KOH) and were found to be enriched primarily in pectic polysaccharides (80.6-86%) namely rhamnogalacturonan and arabinogalactan as well as hemi- cellulosic polysaccharides (13.9-19.4%). Overall, 0.5 M KOH polysaccharides were favored having provided a diverse profile of neutral sugars and uronic acids. When tested for the promotion of the growth of selected probiotic strains, CBS cell wall polysaccharides performed similarly or more than inulin and rhamnogalacturonan based on the prebiotic activity scores. The short-chain fatty acid profiles were characterized by high amounts of lactic acid, followed by acetic and propionic acid.
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7
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Kaczmarska A, Pieczywek PM, Cybulska J, Zdunek A. Structure and functionality of Rhamnogalacturonan I in the cell wall and in solution: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118909. [PMID: 34973730 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) belongs to the pectin family and is found in many plant cell wall types at different growth stages. It plays a significant role in cell wall and plant biomechanics and shows a gelling ability in solution. However, it has a significantly more complicated structure than smooth homogalacturonan (HG) and its variability due to plant source and physiological state contributes to the fact that RG-I's structure and function is still not so well known. Since functionality is a product of structure, we present a comprehensive review concerning the chemical structure and conformation of RG-I, its functions in plants and properties in solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Kaczmarska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr M Pieczywek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
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8
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Mariette A, Kang HS, Heazlewood JL, Persson S, Ebert B, Lampugnani ER. Not Just a Simple Sugar: Arabinose Metabolism and Function in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1791-1812. [PMID: 34129041 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth, development, structure as well as dynamic adaptations and remodeling processes in plants are largely controlled by properties of their cell walls. These intricate wall structures are mostly made up of different sugars connected through specific glycosidic linkages but also contain many glycosylated proteins. A key plant sugar that is present throughout the plantae, even before the divergence of the land plant lineage, but is not found in animals, is l-arabinose (l-Ara). Here, we summarize and discuss the processes and proteins involved in l-Ara de novo synthesis, l-Ara interconversion, and the assembly and recycling of l-Ara-containing cell wall polymers and proteins. We also discuss the biological function of l-Ara in a context-focused manner, mainly addressing cell wall-related functions that are conferred by the basic physical properties of arabinose-containing polymers/compounds. In this article we explore these processes with the goal of directing future research efforts to the many exciting yet unanswered questions in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Mariette
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3170, Australia
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Hee Sung Kang
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3170, Australia
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - Edwin R Lampugnani
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3170, Australia
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9
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Chen Q, Xu W, Wu H, Guang C, Zhang W, Mu W. An overview of D-galactose utilization through microbial fermentation and enzyme-catalyzed conversion. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7161-7170. [PMID: 34515844 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
D-Galactose is an abundant carbohydrate monomer in nature and widely exists in macroalgae, plants, and dairy wastes. D-Galactose is useful as a raw material for biomass fuel production or low-calorie sweetener production, attracting increased attention. This article summarizes the studies on biotechnological processes for galactose utilization. Two main research directions of microbial fermentation and enzyme-catalyzed conversion from galactose-rich biomass are extensively reviewed. The review provides the recent discoveries for biofuel production from macroalgae, including the innovative methods in the pretreatment process and technological development in the fermentation process. As modern people pay more attention to health, enzyme technologies for low-calorie sweetener production are more urgently needed. D-Tagatose is a promising low-calorie alternative to sugar. We discuss the recent studies on characterization and genetic modification of L-arabinose isomerase to improve the bioconversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose. In addition, the trends and critical challenges in both research directions are outlined at the end. KEY POINTS: • The value and significance of galactose utilization are highlighted. • Biofuel production from galactose-rich biomass is accomplished by fermentation. • L-arabinose isomerase is a tool for bioconversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi , 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi , 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi , 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi , 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi , 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi , 214122, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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10
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Isobe N, Sagawa N, Ono Y, Fujisawa S, Kimura S, Kinoshita K, Miuchi T, Iwata T, Isogai A, Nishino M, Deguchi S. Primary structure of gum arabic and its dynamics at oil/water interface. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Spadoni Andreani E, Karboune S. Comparison of enzymatic and microwave-assisted alkaline extraction approaches for the generation of oligosaccharides from American Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Pomace. J Food Sci 2020; 85:2443-2451. [PMID: 32691432 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry pomace obtained from industrial juice production was characterized by proximate composition analysis and monosaccharide profile of the dietary fiber. Extraction of carbohydrates from pomace was investigated using microwave-assisted alkaline method and five commercial biocatalysts (pure endo-galactanase and four multienzyme biocatalysts). The extracts obtained from microwave-assisted approach had average total sugars yield of 21.3% and contained mostly oligosaccharides in the degree of polymerization range of 7 to 10. All multienzyme biocatalysts led to yields similar or higher than microwave-assisted approach (23.4% to 42.0%), but mainly generated shorter oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 2 to 5. Compared to cranberry pomace dietary fiber, microwave-assisted extracts were enriched in pectic oligosaccharides, whereas the enzymatic extracts were enriched in glucans and had less rhamnose and galactose. Pomace ground for 5 min or more by ball mill assumed a powdery consistence. Longer milling did not affect particle size but increased their roughness. Such physical changes had no effect on the efficiency of multienzymatic treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The increased production of cranberries and cranberry products will continuously generate more pomace, a potentially valuable material for the generation of added-value products. Up to 60% to 70% of cranberry pomace is composed of plant cell wall material. The properties of naturally occurring plant cell wall polysaccharides and their corresponding oligosaccharides have been of a great interest, and many of them find application as functional food ingredients. Despite the fact that the cranberry pomace is rich in plant cell polysaccharides, it has been mainly explored as a source of phenolic antioxidants. This study reveals the efficiency of cranberry pomace as a source of nondigestible oligosaccharides. The use of microwave-assisted extraction and different biocatalysts for the enzymatic extraction led to oligosaccharides with well-defined monosaccharide composition and molecular weight distribution. The study of the effects of these extraction techniques on the yield and the characteristics of generated oligosaccharides would allow the modulation of their properties. As an overall, the findings of this study would contribute to lay the scientific ground for the development of innovative process for the isolation of nondigestible oligosaccharides as functional ingredients from cranberry pomace by products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Spadoni Andreani
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9 × 3V9, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9 × 3V9, Canada
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12
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Zhou S, Rahman A, Li J, Wei C, Chen J, Linhardt RJ, Ye X, Chen S. Extraction Methods Affect the Structure of Goji ( Lycium barbarum) Polysaccharides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040936. [PMID: 32093113 PMCID: PMC7070559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are considered to be the most important active substances in Goji. However, the structure of polysaccharides varies according to the extraction methods applied, and the solution used to prepare Goji polysaccharides (LBPs) were limited. Thus, it is important to clarify the connection between extraction methods and structure of Goji polysaccharide. In view of the complex composition of cell wall polysaccharides and the various forms of interaction, different extraction methods will release different parts of the cell wall. The present study compared the effects of different extraction methods, which have been used to prepare different types of plant cell wall polysaccharides based on various sources, on the structure of cell-wall polysaccharides from Goji, by the single separate use of hot water, hydrochloric acid (0.4%) and sodium hydroxide (0.6%), at both high and low temperatures. Meanwhile, in order to explore the limitations of single extraction, sequential extraction methods were applied. Structural analysis including monosaccharide analysis, GPC-MALLS, AFM and 1H-NMR suggested the persistence of more extensively branched rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) domains in the procedures involving low-temperature-alkali, while procedures prepared by high-temperature-acid contains more homogalacturonan (HG) regions and results in the removal of a substantial part of the side chain, specifically the arabinan. A kind of acidic heteropolysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction. SEC-MALLS and AFM confirmed large-size polymers with branched morphologies in alkali-extracted polysaccharides. Our results provide new insight into the extraction of Goji polysaccharides, which differ from the hot water extraction used by traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.Z.); (A.R.); (J.L.); (C.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Atikur Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.Z.); (A.R.); (J.L.); (C.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Junhui Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.Z.); (A.R.); (J.L.); (C.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Chaoyang Wei
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.Z.); (A.R.); (J.L.); (C.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jianle Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.Z.); (A.R.); (J.L.); (C.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.Z.); (A.R.); (J.L.); (C.W.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (S.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-0571-88982151 (S.C.)
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.Z.); (A.R.); (J.L.); (C.W.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (S.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-0571-88982151 (S.C.)
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Bertucci M, Calusinska M, Goux X, Rouland-Lefèvre C, Untereiner B, Ferrer P, Gerin PA, Delfosse P. Carbohydrate Hydrolytic Potential and Redundancy of an Anaerobic Digestion Microbiome Exposed to Acidosis, as Uncovered by Metagenomics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e00895-19. [PMID: 31152018 PMCID: PMC6643232 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00895-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased hydrolysis of easily digestible biomass may lead to acidosis of anaerobic reactors and decreased methane production. Previously, it was shown that the structure of microbial communities changed during acidosis; however, once the conditions are back to optimal, biogas (initially CO2) production quickly restarts. This suggests the retention of the community functional redundancy during the process failure. In this study, with the use of metagenomics and downstream bioinformatics analyses, we characterize the carbohydrate hydrolytic potential of the microbial community, with a special focus on acidosis. To that purpose, carbohydrate-active enzymes were identified, and to further link the community hydrolytic potential with key microbes, bacterial genomes were reconstructed. In addition, we characterized biochemically the specificity and activity of selected enzymes, thus verifying the accuracy of the in silico predictions. The results confirm the retention of the community hydrolytic potential during acidosis and indicate Bacteroidetes to be largely involved in biomass degradation. Bacteroidetes showed higher diversity and genomic content of carbohydrate hydrolytic enzymes that might favor the dominance of this phylum over other bacteria in some anaerobic reactors. The combination of bioinformatic analyses and activity tests enabled us to propose a model of acetylated glucomannan degradation by BacteroidetesIMPORTANCE The enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is mainly driven by the action of carbohydrate-active enzymes. By characterizing the gene profiles at the different stages of the anaerobic digestion experiment, we showed that the microbiome retains its hydrolytic functional redundancy even during severe acidosis, despite significant changes in taxonomic composition. By analyzing reconstructed bacterial genomes, we demonstrate that Bacteroidetes hydrolytic gene diversity likely favors the abundance of this phylum in some anaerobic digestion systems. Further, we observe genetic redundancy within the Bacteroidetes group, which accounts for the preserved hydrolytic potential during acidosis. This work also uncovers new polysaccharide utilization loci involved in the deconstruction of various biomasses and proposes the model of acetylated glucomannan degradation by Bacteroidetes Acetylated glucomannan-enriched biomass is a common substrate for many industries, including pulp and paper production. Using naturally evolved cocktails of enzymes for biomass pretreatment could be an interesting alternative to the commonly used chemical pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bertucci
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Calusinska
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Xavier Goux
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Corinne Rouland-Lefèvre
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute Development, Sorbonne Universités, Bondy, France
| | - Boris Untereiner
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Pau Ferrer
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick A Gerin
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delfosse
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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14
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Preparation of individual galactan oligomers, their prebiotic effects, and use in estimating galactan chain length in pectin-derived polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:526-533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Characterization of cell wall polysaccharides from Sicana odorifera fruit and structural analysis of a galactan-rich fraction pectins as side chains. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 197:395-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Makshakova ON, Faizullin DA, Mikshina PV, Gorshkova TA, Zuev YF. Spatial structures of rhamnogalacturonan I in gel and colloidal solution identified by 1D and 2D-FTIR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 192:231-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Zhao X, Andersson M, Andersson R. Resistant starch and other dietary fiber components in tubers from a high-amylose potato. Food Chem 2018; 251:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Frost JKT, Flanagan BM, Brummell DA, O'Donoghue EM, Mishra S, Gidley MJ, Monro JA. Composition and structure of tuber cell walls affect in vitro digestibility of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Food Funct 2018; 7:4202-4212. [PMID: 27722373 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The digestibility of starchy foods, such as potatoes, can be characterized by the proportion of starch that is rapidly digestible by in vitro hydrolysis (rapidly digestible starch, RDS). This study evaluated the RDS content in a potato germplasm collection consisting of 98 genotypes and identified three advanced lines, Crop39, Crop71 and Crop85, where cooked potato RDS content was significantly lower than that of their respective isolated starches (P < 0.05). In Crop39, Crop71 and Crop85, the properties of their isolated starch did not differ significantly from that of five control lines with higher RDS contents. Cell wall analyses revealed that, compared with other lines tested, Crop39, Crop71 and Crop85 had at least four times the amount of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) galactan side-chains that were very firmly attached to the wall and requiring 4 M KOH for extraction. Pectin solubilization during cooking was also remarkably low (2-4%) in these three lines compared with other lines tested (7-19%). The findings suggest that possession of higher amounts of RG-I galactan that interact strongly with cellulose may provide a sturdier wall that better resists solubilization during cooking, and effectively impedes access of digestive enzymes for starch hydrolysis in an in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovyn K T Frost
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Bernadine M Flanagan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Erin M O'Donoghue
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Suman Mishra
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Michael J Gidley
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - John A Monro
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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19
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A novel enzymatic approach based on the use of multi-enzymatic systems for the recovery of enriched protein extracts from potato pulp. Food Chem 2017; 220:313-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Brahem M, Renard CM, Gouble B, Bureau S, Le Bourvellec C. Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 156:152-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Karboune S, Khodaei N. Structures, isolation and health-promoting properties of pectic polysaccharides from cell wall-rich food by-products: a source of functional ingredients. Curr Opin Food Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Makarova EN, Shakhmatov EG, Udoratina EV, Kutchin AV. Structural and chemical charactertistics of pectins, arabinogalactans, and arabinogalactan proteins from conifers. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Cui S, Yao B, Sun X, Hu J, Zhou Y, Liu Y. Reducing the content of carrier polymer in pectin nanofibers by electrospinning at low loading followed with selective washing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:885-893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Khodaei N, Karboune S, Orsat V. Microwave-assisted alkaline extraction of galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I from potato cell wall by-product. Food Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Buffetto F, Cornuault V, Rydahl MG, Ropartz D, Alvarado C, Echasserieau V, Le Gall S, Bouchet B, Tranquet O, Verhertbruggen Y, Willats WGT, Knox JP, Ralet MC, Guillon F. The Deconstruction of Pectic Rhamnogalacturonan I Unmasks the Occurrence of a Novel Arabinogalactan Oligosaccharide Epitope. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:2181-96. [PMID: 26384432 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) is a pectic polysaccharide composed of a backbone of alternating rhamnose and galacturonic acid residues with side chains containing galactose and/or arabinose residues. The structure of these side chains and the degree of substitution of rhamnose residues are extremely variable and depend on species, organs, cell types and developmental stages. Deciphering RGI function requires extending the current set of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to this polymer. Here, we describe the generation of a new mAb that recognizes a heterogeneous subdomain of RGI. The mAb, INRA-AGI-1, was produced by immunization of mice with RGI oligosaccharides isolated from potato tubers. These oligomers consisted of highly branched RGI backbones substituted with short side chains. INRA-AGI-1 bound specifically to RGI isolated from galactan-rich cell walls and displayed no binding to other pectic domains. In order to identify its RGI-related epitope, potato RGI oligosaccharides were fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography. Antibody recognition was assessed for each chromatographic fraction. INRA-AGI-1 recognizes a linear chain of (1→4)-linked galactose and (1→5)-linked arabinose residues. By combining the use of INRA-AGI-1 with LM5, LM6 and INRA-RU1 mAbs and enzymatic pre-treatments, evidence is presented of spatial differences in RGI motif distribution within individual cell walls of potato tubers and carrot roots. These observations raise questions about the biosynthesis and assembly of pectin structural domains and their integration and remodeling in cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Buffetto
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44300 Nantes, France Present address: Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Valérie Cornuault
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Maja Gro Rydahl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - David Ropartz
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Camille Alvarado
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44300 Nantes, France
| | | | - Sophie Le Gall
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Brigitte Bouchet
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Tranquet
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44300 Nantes, France
| | | | - William G T Willats
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - J Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Fabienne Guillon
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44300 Nantes, France
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26
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Zhang C, Sanders JPM, Xiao TT, Bruins ME. How Does Alkali Aid Protein Extraction in Green Tea Leaf Residue: A Basis for Integrated Biorefinery of Leaves. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133046. [PMID: 26200774 PMCID: PMC4511586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf protein can be obtained cost-efficiently by alkaline extraction, but overuse of chemicals and low quality of (denatured) protein limits its application. The research objective was to investigate how alkali aids protein extraction of green tea leaf residue, and use these results for further improvements in alkaline protein biorefinery. Protein extraction yield was studied for correlation to morphology of leaf tissue structure, protein solubility and hydrolysis degree, and yields of non-protein components obtained at various conditions. Alkaline protein extraction was not facilitated by increased solubility or hydrolysis of protein, but positively correlated to leaf tissue disruption. HG pectin, RGII pectin, and organic acids were extracted before protein extraction, which was followed by the extraction of cellulose and hemi-cellulose. RGI pectin and lignin were both linear to protein yield. The yields of these two components were 80% and 25% respectively when 95% protein was extracted, which indicated that RGI pectin is more likely to be the key limitation to leaf protein extraction. An integrated biorefinery was designed based on these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology Group, AFSG, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG Wageningen, Wageningen UR, the Netherlands
| | - Johan P. M. Sanders
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology Group, AFSG, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG Wageningen, Wageningen UR, the Netherlands
- Food and Biobased Research Institute, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG Wageningen, Wageningen UR, the Netherlands
| | - Ting T. Xiao
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Wageningen UR, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke E. Bruins
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology Group, AFSG, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG Wageningen, Wageningen UR, the Netherlands
- Food and Biobased Research Institute, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG Wageningen, Wageningen UR, the Netherlands
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27
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Extraction and structural characteristics of pectic polysaccharides from Abies sibirica L. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 123:228-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Ding HH, Cui SW, Goff HD, Chen J, Wang Q, Han NF. Arabinan-rich rhamnogalacturonan-I from flaxseed kernel cell wall. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Babbar N, Dejonghe W, Gatti M, Sforza S, Elst K. Pectic oligosaccharides from agricultural by-products: production, characterization and health benefits. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:594-606. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.996732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Babbar
- Separation & Conversion Technology, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang, Mol, Belgium and
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Winnie Dejonghe
- Separation & Conversion Technology, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang, Mol, Belgium and
| | - Monica Gatti
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Kathy Elst
- Separation & Conversion Technology, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang, Mol, Belgium and
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30
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Rockwell PL, Kiechel MA, Atchison JS, Toth LJ, Schauer CL. Various-sourced pectin and polyethylene oxide electrospun fibers. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 107:110-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Khodaei N, Karboune S. Enzymatic extraction of galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I from potato cell wall by-product. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Gorshkova TA, Kozlova LV, Mikshina PV. Spatial structure of plant cell wall polysaccharides and its functional significance. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:836-53. [PMID: 24010845 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913070146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides comprise the major portion of organic matter in the biosphere. The cell wall built on the basis of polysaccharides is the key feature of a plant organism largely determining its biology. All together, around 10 types of polysaccharide backbones, which can be decorated by different substituents giving rise to endless diversity of carbohydrate structures, are present in cell walls of higher plants. Each of the numerous cell types present in plants has cell wall with specific parameters, the features of which mostly arise from the structure of polymeric components. The structure of polysaccharides is not directly encoded by the genome and has variability in many parameters (molecular weight, length, and location of side chains, presence of modifying groups, etc.). The extent of such variability is limited by the "functional fitting" of the polymer, which is largely based on spatial organization of the polysaccharide and its ability to form supramolecular complexes of an appropriate type. Consequently, the carrier of the functional specificity is not the certain molecular structure but the certain type of the molecules having a certain degree of heterogeneity. This review summarizes the data on structural features of plant cell wall polysaccharides, considers formation of supramolecular complexes, gives examples of tissue- and stage-specific polysaccharides and functionally significant carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions in plant cell wall, and presents approaches to analyze the spatial structure of polysaccharides and their complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia.
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33
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Wang X, Lü X. Characterization of pectic polysaccharides extracted from apple pomace by hot-compressed water. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:174-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Concha J, Weinstein C, Zúñiga ME. Production of pectic extracts from sugar beet pulp with antiproliferative activity on a breast cancer cell line. Front Chem Sci Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-013-1342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Samavati V. Polysaccharide extraction from Abelmoschus esculentus: Optimization by response surface methodology. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 95:588-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Khodaei N, Karboune S. Extraction and structural characterisation of rhamnogalacturonan I-type pectic polysaccharides from potato cell wall. Food Chem 2013; 139:617-23. [PMID: 23561153 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell wall material from potato pulp by-product was used for the extraction of galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) type pectic polysaccharides using alkaline (NaOH and KOH) and enzymatic (endopolygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger) methods. The extraction yield increased as the concentration of alkaline solution was increased from 0.5 M (22-24%) to 2 M (53-56%). The yield of 38% obtained upon the enzymatic treatment was similar to those observed with 1M alkaline solutions. The results reveal the high debranching of arabinan side chains of RG I as compared to the galactan ones under harsh alkaline conditions. The molecular weight distribution shows that the enzymatic extraction led to the highest proportion of high-molecular weight polysaccharides (>500 kDa; 62.2%). According to monosaccharide pattern, the weak acidic fractions of high alkaline (1-2 M)-based polysaccharide extracts was the most enriched with galactan-rich RG I. Using milder conditions (enzyme and weak alkaline), two RG I populations with low and high linked homogalacturonan fragments were recovered in the weak and strong acidic fractions, respectively. The structure of galactan-rich RG I was confirmed by H(1) NMR spectroscopy analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Khodaei
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
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37
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Munarin F, Tanzi M, Petrini P. Advances in biomedical applications of pectin gels. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:681-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Extraction of polysaccharides from herbal Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Ban-Zhi-Lian) and their antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:1131-7. [PMID: 24750924 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The response surface methodology was employed to study the extraction of polysaccharides from Scutellaria barbata D. Don. The quantitative effects of extraction temperature, time, number and ratio of water to raw material on yield of polysaccharides were investigated with Box-Behnken design. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also analyzed using the appropriate statistical methods. By solving the regression equation and analyzing 3D plots, the optimum condition was at extraction temperature 70 °C, time 3h, numbers 3 and ratio of water to raw material 18.5 mL/g. Under these conditions, the experimental polysaccharides yield was 2.43±0.11%, which was in good agreement with the predicted value. The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides were evaluated in vitro. A potential antioxidant activity of S. barbata polysaccharides provides a scientific basis for the use of this herb in traditional medicine as an antioxidant.
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Dick-Pérez M, Zhang Y, Hayes J, Salazar A, Zabotina OA, Hong M. Structure and Interactions of Plant Cell-Wall Polysaccharides by Two- and Three-Dimensional Magic-Angle-Spinning Solid-State NMR. Biochemistry 2011; 50:989-1000. [DOI: 10.1021/bi101795q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Optimization of extraction process of crude polysaccharides from Plantago asiatica L. by response surface methodology. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gorshkova TA, Mikshina PV, Gurjanov OP, Chemikosova SB. Formation of plant cell wall supramolecular structure. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 75:159-72. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cybulska J, Vanstreels E, Ho QT, Courtin CM, Craeyveld VV, Nicolaï B, Zdunek A, Konstankiewicz K. Mechanical characteristics of artificial cell walls. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Šimkovic I, Nuñez A, Strahan GD, Yadav MP, Mendichi R, Hicks KB. Fractionation of sugar beet pulp by introducing ion-exchange groups. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Renard CM, Ginies C. Comparison of the cell wall composition for flesh and skin from five different plums. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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GRIMI NABIL, LEBOVKA NIKOLAÏ, VOROBIEV EUGENE, VAXELAIRE JEAN. COMPRESSING BEHAVIOR AND TEXTURE EVALUATION FOR POTATOES PRETREATED BY PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD. J Texture Stud 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2009.00177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sila D, Van Buggenhout S, Duvetter T, Fraeye I, De Roeck A, Van Loey A, Hendrickx M. Pectins in Processed Fruits and Vegetables: Part II-Structure-Function Relationships. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Le Bourvellec C, Guyot S, Renard C. Interactions between apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) polyphenols and cell walls modulate the extractability of polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Optimization of extraction technology of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides by Box–Behnken statistical design. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zykwinska A, Boiffard MH, Kontkanen H, Buchert J, Thibault JF, Bonnin E. Extraction of green labeled pectins and pectic oligosaccharides from plant byproducts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:8926-35. [PMID: 18788816 DOI: 10.1021/jf801705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Green labeled pectins were extracted by an environmentally friendly way using proteases and cellulases being able to act on proteins and cellulose present in cell walls. Pectins were isolated from different plant byproducts, i.e., chicory roots, citrus peel, cauliflower florets and leaves, endive, and sugar beet pulps. Enzymatic extraction was performed at 50 degrees C for 4 h, in order to fulfill the conditions required for microbiological safety of extracted products. High methoxy (HM) pectins of high molar mass were extracted with three different enzyme mixtures. These pectins were subsequently demethylated with two pectin methyl esterases (PMEs), either the fungal PME from Aspergillus aculeatus or the orange PME. It was further demonstrated that high molar mass low methoxy (LM) pectins could also be extracted directly from cell walls by adding the fungal PME to the mixture of protease and cellulase. Moreover, health benefit pectic oligosaccharides, the so-called modified hairy regions, were obtained after enzymatic treatment of the residue recovered after pectin extraction. The enzymatic method demonstrates that it is possible to convert vegetable byproducts into high-added value compounds, such as pectins and pectic oligosaccharides, and thus considerably reduce the amount of these residues generated by food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zykwinska
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymeres Interactions Assemblages, F-44300 Nantes, France
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XuJie H, Na Z, SuYing X, ShuGang L, BaoQiu Y. Extraction of BaChu mushroom polysaccharides and preparation of a compound beverage. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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