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Zhang K, Li J, Wang Z, Xie B, Xiong Z, Li H, Ahmed M, Fang F, Li J, Li X. Cloning, expression and application of a novel laccase derived from water buffalo ruminal lignin-degrading bacteria. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131109. [PMID: 38531520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Water buffalo is the only mammal found to degrade lignin so far, and laccase plays an indispensable role in the degradation of lignin. In this study, multiple laccase genes were amplified based on the water buffalo rumen derived lignin-degrading bacteria Bacillus cereus and Ochrobactrum pseudintermedium. Subsequently, the corresponding recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli expression system BL21 (DE3) for induced expression by Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). After preliminary screening, protein purification and enzyme activity assays, Lac3833 with soluble expression and high enzyme activity was selected to test its characteristics, especially the ability of lignin degradation. The results showed that the optimum reaction temperature of Lac3833 was 40 °C for different substrates. The relative activity of Lac3833 reached the highest at pH 4.5 and pH 5.5 when the substrates were ABTS or 2,6-DMP and guaiacol, respectively. Additionally, Lac3833 could maintain high enzyme activity in different temperatures, pH and solutions containing Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+. Importantly, compared to negative treatment, recombinant laccase Lac3833 treatment showed that it had a significant function in degrading lignin. In conclusion, this is a pioneering study to produce recombinant laccase with lignin-degrading ability by bacteria from water buffalo rumen, which will provide new insights for the exploitation of more lignin-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingfa Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bohan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zixiang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mehboob Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Shennongjia Science and Technology Innovation Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shennongjia, China.
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Ahmed S, Janaswamy S, Yadav MP. Biodegradable films from the lignocellulosic fibers of wheat straw biomass and the effect of calcium ions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130601. [PMID: 38442836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Plastics are hazardous to human health, and plastic waste results in environmental pollution and ecological catastrophe. Biobased polymers from renewable sources have recently become promising for developing biodegradable packaging films. Among them, lignocellulosic residue from agricultural biomass is inexpensive, renewable, and biodegradable. This study aims to develop biodegradable films using lignocellulosic residue from wheat straw biomass. The methodology is a green process that solubilizes lignocellulosic chains using Zn2+ ions and crosslinks with Ca2+ ions of different concentrations (200-800 mM). The results reveal that the increase of Ca2+ ions significantly decreases moisture content, water solubility, water vapor permeability, transparency, and elongation of films. The tensile strength is recorded as 6.61 ± 0.07 MPa with the addition of 800 mM of CaCl2, which is approximately 2.5 times higher than commercial polyethylene films. Around 90 % of films biodegrade within a month in soil containing 20 % moisture content. Overall, lignocellulosic residue from wheat straw biomass could be an excellent replacement for synthetic polymer to fabricate strong, transparent, and biodegradable plastic films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaet Ahmed
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Srinivas Janaswamy
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Madhav P Yadav
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
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Deshmukh M, Pathan A. Transformations of bamboo into bioethanol through biorefinery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3343-3360. [PMID: 38103136 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for energy has prompted scholars to research alternative energy sources. Bamboo is a species of woody perennial grass that belongs to the Gramineae family and the Bambuseae subfamily. It could be considered a possible lignocellulosic substrate for the production of bioethanol due to its favourable environmental effects and increased yearly biomass yield. Non-renewable fossil fuels cannot provide enough energy to meet the needs of contemporary societies. Among the various alternative energy sources, bioethanol has drawn a lot of attention from people all around the world. This paper reviews the cost and process parameters for the synthesis of bioethanol from bamboo. This review aims to increase the effectiveness of the entire ethanol production process by focusing on pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. The emphasis of this review is on the efficient process for producing bioethanol while maintaining environmental sustainability. When compared to other NaOH pretreatment techniques, bamboo substrates prepared with NaOH and ultra-high-pressure explosion (UHPE) exhibit higher enzymatic hydrolyzability when processed under optimal conditions, such as 100 MPa, 121 °C, and 70 rpm for 2 h, yielding 89.7-95.1% ethanol after 24 h. The article lists the bamboo species responsible for creating each product, making it straightforward for producers to study and select the species based on whatever value-added product they wish to produce bioethanol with different parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Deshmukh
- School of Petroleum Engineering, MIT World Peace University, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Aadil Pathan
- School of Petroleum Engineering, MIT World Peace University, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, India.
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Liu Y, Li T, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Shen Q, Liu D. Cysteine facilitates the lignocellulolytic response of Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 by indirectly up-regulating membrane sugar transporters. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:159. [PMID: 37891614 PMCID: PMC10612256 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filamentous fungi possess a rich CAZymes system, which is widely studied and applied in the bio-conversion of plant biomass to alcohol chemicals. Carbon source acquisition is the fundamental driver for CAZymes-producing sustainability and secondary metabolism, therefore, a deeper insight into the regulatory network of sugar transport in filamentous fungi has become urgent. RESULTS This study reports an important linkage of sulfur assimilation to lignocellulose response of filamentous fungus. Inorganic sulfur addition facilitated biodegradation of rice straw by Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742. Cysteine and glutathione were revealed as major intracellular metabolites responsive to sulfur addition by metabolomics, cysteine content was increased in this process and glutathione increased correspondingly. Two membrane sugar transporter genes, Tgmst1 and Tgmst2, were identified as the critical response genes significantly up-regulated when intracellular cysteine increased. Tgmst1 and Tgmst2 were both positively regulated by the glucose regulation-related protein (GRP), up-regulation of both Tgmst1 and Tggrp can cause a significant increase in intracellular glucose. The transcriptional regulatory function of GRP mainly relied on GSH-induced glutathionylation, and the transcription activating efficiency was positively related to the glutathionylation level, furthermore, DTT-induced deglutathionylation resulted in the down-regulation of downstream genes. CONCLUSIONS Inorganic sulfur addition induces a rise in intracellular Cys content, and the conversion of cysteine to glutathione caused the increase of glutathionylation level of GRP, which in turn up-regulated Tgmst1 and Tgmst2. Subsequently, the sugar transport efficiency of single cells was improved, which facilitated the maintenance of vigorous CAZymes metabolism and the straw-to-biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuo Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Deshmukh MP, Pande A, Choudhari V, Pendse DS. Investigation of bioethanol production from jatropha deoiled cake and its blending effects for environmental sustainability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:103640-103651. [PMID: 37688707 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the process of extracting ethanol from Jatropha curcas and its various blending effects on spark-ignited engine performance for environmental sustainability. Alternatives to conventional fuel sources have to be found because of the depletion of fossil fuels and stringent regulations. Every day, the growing population and improved transportation increase the energy demand. Bioethanol is an effective substitute for gasoline and SI engine diesel. Worldwide, passenger cars typically blend 10% bioethanol with gasoline. Some nations, like India, have stated plans to blend 20% bioethanol with gasoline starting shortly. From leftover jatropha deoiled cake (JDC), bioethanol was produced utilizing the fermentation and vacuum distillation methods. Four different blends were prepared on a volumetric basis at different engine speeds at a constant compression ratio of 10:1 and the wide-open throttle was tested for various performances and emissions. Bioethanol enrichments reduce CO and CO2 emissions but increase nitrogen oxide emissions. JDCE 15 was found to have the best engine performance out of all the fuel blends tested. This study suggests that, if NOx emission reduction measures are carried out, JDC can be used as a source for the manufacturing of second-generation bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal P Deshmukh
- School of Petroleum Engineering, MIT World Peace University, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, India.
| | - Ashwini Pande
- School of Petroleum Engineering, MIT World Peace University, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Vishnu Choudhari
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT World Peace University, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Dhanashri S Pendse
- School of Chemical Engineering, MIT World Peace University, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, India
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Liu W, Zhang X, Ren H, Hu X, Yang X, Liu H. Co-production of spirosiloxane and biochar adsorbent from wheat straw by a low-cost and environment-friendly method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117851. [PMID: 37019023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the value of wheat straw derivatives, wheat straw ash (WSA) was used as a reactant for the first time to synthesize spirocyclic alkoxysilane, an important organosilicon raw material, using an energy-saving and environmentally friendly non-carbon thermal reduction method. After spirocyclic alkoxysilane extraction, the biochar in the wheat straw ash prepared an adsorbent for Cu2+. The maximum copper ion adsorption capacity (Qm) of silica-depleted wheat straw ash (SDWSA) was 31.431nullmg/g, far exceeding those of WSA and similar biomass adsorbents. The effects of the pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time on the adsorption behaviour of the SDWSA for Cu2+ adsorption were systematically investigated. The adsorption mechanism of Cu2+ by the SDWSA was investigated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, pseudo-first-order kinetic, pseudo-second-order kinetic, and Weber and Morris models by combining the preliminary experimental data and characterization results. The adsorption isotherm and Langmuir equation matched perfectly. The Weber and Morris model can describe the mass-transfer mechanism of Cu2+ adsorption by SDWSA. Both film and intraparticle diffusion are rapid control steps. Compared to WSA, SDWSA has a larger specific surface area and a higher content of oxygen-containing functional groups. A large specific surface area provides more adsorption sites. Oxygen-containing functional groups react with Cu2+ through electrostatic interactions, surface complexation, and ion exchange, which are the possible adsorption mechanisms for SDWSA. These methods improve the added value of wheat straw derivatives and promote wheat straw ash recovery and centralized treatment. This makes it possible to use the thermal energy of wheat straw and facilitates the treatment of exhaust gases and carbon capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Liu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xingwen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Hongyu Ren
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xingcheng Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Khalid U, Rehman ZU, Ijaz N, Khan I, Junaid MF. Integrating wheat straw and silica fume as a balanced mechanical ameliorator for expansive soil: a novel agri-industrial waste solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27538-5. [PMID: 37191754 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Resource utilization of agricultural and industrial wastes with minimal screening is highly desirable in the context of sustainable development and environmental protection. In this regard, the current study proposes a novel solution of integrating milled wheat straw (WS) with minimal screening and silica fume (SF) in the form of composite binary admixture (CBA) for the stabilization of highly expansive soils. The optimum amount of WS and SF to produce CBA was determined based on a series of Atterberg's limit tests. The mechanical performance of CBA-treated soil was assessed based on the unconfined compression, direct shear, and flexural tests which showed that unconfined compressive strength (qu), cohesion (c), and flexural strength (f) were increased by 94.3%, 65.7%, and 90.7%, respectively, with an addition of 16% of CBA and 28 days of curing. Furthermore, the CBA-treated soil underwent only a 26% reduction in deformability index (ID) with an addition of 24% CBA. Furthermore, volumetric change response was assessed based on ID consolidation and swelling tests which showed that compression index (Cc), recompression index (Cr), swell potential, free swell index (FSI), and swell pressure were reduced by 72.5%, 47.7%, 59%, 35.8%, and 65%, respectively, with an addition of 16% CBA in the soil and 28 days of curing. In addition, wetting-drying (W-D) cycle tests demonstrated that CBA-treated soil was less vulnerable to W-D seasons as compared to untreated soil. Mineralogical and microstructural tests revealed that the balanced Ca:Si and Ca:Al environment created by CBA within the soil matrix produces cementing compounds, i.e., CSH and CAH, imparts strong bonds, and causes aggregation improving the mechanical response of expansive soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Khalid
- National Institute of Transportation (NIT), Risalpur, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Portsmouth, Portland Building, Portland Street, Portsmouth, PO1 3AH, United Kingdom.
| | - Nauman Ijaz
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Inamullah Khan
- National Institute of Transportation (NIT), Risalpur, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Junaid
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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8
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Xiao K, Li H, Liu L, Liu X, Lian Y. Quantitative comparison of the delignification performance of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment technologies for enzymatic saccharification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:22929-22940. [PMID: 36307567 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatments for delignification are required for the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomasses. However, in the current literature, various pretreatment approaches have been applied for the same kinds of biomass. To find the optimum pretreatments for biomaterials containing various lignin contents, in this study, a quantitative comparison was carried out on the delignification performance of 15 categories of pretreatments. In total, 1729 sets of biomass, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin recovery data were collected from 214 relevant studies. Box plots and Cate-Nelson-like graphs were applied for analyses. The results showed that alkali, oxidation, organic solvent, and multistep pretreatments generally were better at removing lignin and recovering cellulose. Moreover, among these four categories, alkali pretreatments had the best performance, increasing the saccharification efficiency by approximately five-fold. Considering both delignification performance and saccharification improvement, alkali pretreatments are currently considered to be the optimum pretreatment methods for enzymatic saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Haixiao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China.
| | - Le Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yi Lian
- College of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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Zhang S, Vanessa C, Khan A, Ali N, Malik S, Shah S, Bilal M, Yang Y, Akhter MS, Iqbal HMN. Prospecting cellulose fibre-reinforced composite membranes for sustainable remediation and mitigation of emerging contaminants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135291. [PMID: 35760128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental pollutants caused by uncontrolled urbanization and rapid industrial growth have provoked serious concerns worldwide. These pollutants, including toxic metals, dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and petroleum hydrocarbons, unenviably compromise the water quality and manifest a severe menace to aquatic entities and human beings. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to acquaint bio-nanocomposites with the capability to remove and decontaminate this extensive range of emerging pollutants. Recently, considerable emphasis has been devoted to developing low-cost novel materials obtained from natural resources accompanied by minimal toxicity to the environment. One such component is cellulose, naturally the most abundant organic polymer found in nature. Given bio-renewable sources, natural abundance, and impressive nanofibril arrangement, cellulose-reinforced composites are widely engineered and utilized for multiple applications, such as wastewater decontamination, energy storage devices, drug delivery systems, paper and pulp industries, construction industries, and adhesives, etc. Environmental remediation prospective is among the fascinating application of these cellulose-reinforced composites. This review discusses the structural attributes of cellulose, types of cellulose fibrils-based nano-biocomposites, preparatory techniques, and the potential of cellulose-based composites to remediate a diverse array of organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - ChansaKayeye Vanessa
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ali
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Sumeet Malik
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Shah
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | | | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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10
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Xu C, Li J, Zhang X, Wang P, Deng B, Liu N, Yuan Q. Effects of segmented aerobic and anaerobic fermentation assisted with chemical treatment on comprehensive properties and composition of wheat straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127772. [PMID: 35964920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional aerobic composting used for straw treatment shows limited regulation effects and unstable properties, and it is necessary to introduce some co-processing methods to optimize its performance. Herein, segmented aerobic/anaerobic fermentation, combined with chemical treatment with wood vinegar/NaOH, was used to treat wheat straw. The results showed that anaerobic fermentation when used as the first stage could stabilize the wheat straw pH between 5.19 and 6.13 and improve nutrient contents. All treatments had greater effects on substrate aeration porosities (range of 14%) than on total porosity (range of 6%), and the water-holding porosities were improved to a greater extent by NaOH than by wood vinegar. The hemicellulose degradation rate of aerobic-anaerobic treatment was higher than that achieved with anaerobic-aerobic treatment, while the latter method was more effective at removing the neutral detergent-soluble as well as remaining organic matter, which was generated due to a higher KCl content in the ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China; Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jun Li
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China; Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China; Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Deng
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China; Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nian Liu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China; Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiaoxia Yuan
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China; Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Malyar YN, Kazachenko A, Vasilyeva NY, Fetisova OY, Borovkova V, Miroshnikova A, Levdansky A, Skripnikov A. Sulfation of wheat straw soda lignin: Role of solvents and catalysts. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Sun N, Liu X, Zhang B, Wang X, Na W, Tan Z, Li X, Guan Q. Characterization of a novel recombinant halophilic β-glucosidase of Trichoderma harzianum derived from Hainan mangrove. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:185. [PMID: 35902815 PMCID: PMC9331182 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-glucosidase is an important biomass-degrading enzyme and plays a vital role in generating renewable biofuels through enzymatic saccharification. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of Trichoderma harzianum HTASA derived from Hainan mangrove and identified a new gene encoding β-glucosidase Bgl3HB. And the biochemically characterization of β-glucosidase activity was performed. RESULTS Bgl3HB showed substantial catalytic activity in the pH range of 3.0-5.0 and at temperatures of 40 ℃-60 ℃. The enzyme was found quite stable at 50 ℃ with a loss of only 33.4% relative activity after 240 min of heat exposure. In addition, all tested metal ions were found to promote the enzyme activity. The β-glucosidase activity of Bgl3HB was enhanced by 2.12-fold of its original activity in the presence of 5 M NaCl. Surprisingly, Bgl3HB also showed a remarkable ability to hydrolyze laminarin compared to other measured substrates. Enzyme efficiency was examined in the sugarcane bagasse saccharification processes, in which Bgl3HB with 5 M NaCl worked better supplementing Celluclast 1.5L than the commercial Novozyme 188 ascertained it as an admirably suited biocatalyst for the utilization of agricultural waste. In this work, this is the first report of a halophilic β-glucosidase from Trichoderma harzianum, and represents the β-glucosidase with the highest known NaCl activation concentration. And adding 5 M NaCl could enhance saccharification performance even better than commercial cellulase. CONCLUSIONS These results show that Bgl3HB has great promise as a highly stable and highly efficient cellulase with important future applications in the industrial production of biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- Lab of Animal Nutrition, Reproduction & Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Lab of Animal Nutrition, Reproduction & Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Bingxi Zhang
- Lab of Animal Nutrition, Reproduction & Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Lab of Animal Nutrition, Reproduction & Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Na
- Lab of Animal Genetics, Reproduction & Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Lab of Animal Genetics, Reproduction & Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Lab of Animal Genetics, Reproduction & Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Guan
- Lab of Microorganism Resource and Utilization Research, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
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Deshmukh M, Pande A, Marathe A. Different particle size study of castor deoiled cake for biofuel production with an environmental sustainability perspective. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09710. [PMID: 35756129 PMCID: PMC9213708 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial waste material such as non-edible deoiled Castor bean cake (CBC) is one of the most abundant sources for bioethanol demonstrating the feasibility of utilizing bioethanol as commercial biofuel. This is an alternative to mitigate fossil fuel dependence and carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere. The CBC was pretreated with the help of thionyl chloride at a temperature of 35 °C for residence time 25 min. Subsequently, CBC substrate obtained from pretreatment was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with T. viride concentration varying from 0.5 to 5 g L−1 at 35 °C, pH 6 for 48 h. Under optimized conditions the process integrating pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis for 48 h at 35 °C with pH 7 resulted in 76 g L−1 of reducing sugars from 100 g CBC. The obtained sugar was further fermented at 30 °C for 72 h with saccharomyces cerevisiae as a fermenting media which yields 37.5 g L−1 of bioethanol. A study of different particle sizes of CBC with BSS-5, BSS-10, BSS-20 was done for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation into bioethanol. On a pilot-scale 375 g L−1 of bioethanol was obtained from 1 kg of CBC with the same reaction conditions. The present study demonstrates optimized solid: liquid ratio 1:2 for hydrolysis, fermentation process, and the production cost for bioethanol per L. Figure S1 represents graphical abstract for the production of bioethanol from CBC in supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Deshmukh
- School of Petroleum Engineering, MIT World Peace University, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Ashwini Pande
- School of Petroleum Engineering, MIT World Peace University, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Anant Marathe
- Shree Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal, Near Shri Ekvira Devi Temple Shree H. V. P. Mandal, Amravati, 444605, India
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14
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A Brief Review on the Development of Alginate Extraction Process and Its Sustainability. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is an attractive marine resource-based biopolymer, which has been widely used in pharmaceutical, food and textile industries. This paper reviewed the latest development of the conventional and alternative processes for alginate extraction from brown seaweed. To improve extraction yield and product quality, various studies have been carried out to optimize the operation condition. Based on literature survey, the most commonly used protocol is soaking milled seaweed in 2% (w/v) formaldehyde, overnight, solid loading ratio of 1:10–20 (dry weight biomass to solution), then collecting the solid for acid pre-treatment with HCl 0.2–2% (w/v), 40–60 °C, 1:10–30 ratio for 2–4 h. Next, the solid residue from the acid pre-treatment is extracted using Na2CO3 at 2–4% (w/v), 40–60 °C, 2–3 h, 1:10–30 ratio. Then the liquid portion is precipitated by ethanol (95%+) with a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). Finally, the solid output is dried in oven at 50–60 °C. Novel extraction methods using ultrasound, microwave, enzymes and extrusion improved the extraction yield and alginate properties, but the financial benefits have not been fully justified yet. To improve the sustainable production of alginate, it is required to promote seaweed cultivation, reduce water footprint, decrease organic solvent usage and co-produce alginate with other value-added products.
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15
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Radhika NL, Sachdeva S, Kumar M. Microbe assisted depolymerization of lignin rich waste and its conversion to gaseous biofuel. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113684. [PMID: 34509817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomethanation potential of lignin rich residue (LRR) obtained from lignocellulosic ethanol fermentation was evaluated after subjecting to microbe assisted pretreatment using selectively enriched lignin depolymerizing consortia (LDC). The efficiency of LDC in lignin depolymerization was established using alkali and dealkali lignins (AL and DL) along with LRR as feedstocks. Microbial growth on media having lignin as sole carbon source, activity of lignin depolymerizing enzymes, viz., lignin peroxidase and laccase, ability of culture to decolorize the lignin mimicking dyes like methylene blue and ramezol brilliant blue, were considered to confirm the efficiency of enriched mixed culture. Microbial treatment using LDC showed significant positive impact on lignin breakdown irrespective of the substrate (LRR, 46.33%; AL, 31.37%; DL, 34.20%). The hydrolysate of LRR obtained from microbial pretreatment showed higher biogas yield (424 ml/g VS) owing to the efficiency of lignin depolymerization and availability of readily available biodegradable components in residual lignin from previous processing. Depolymerization of commercial lignins also produced a good amount of biogas (302-324 ml/g VS) after pretreatment with LDC. Overall, an additional energy conversion efficiency of about 11.75 kJ/g VS was obtained by valorizing the residual lignin through integrating biomethanation technology to ethanol fermentation. Outcome of this study indicated the feasibility of using lignin rich residue generated from the second generation cellulosic bioethanol plants as a potential feedstock to meet the current gaseous fuel demands. This integration also helps in closing the biomass based biorefinery loop and also promotes the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Radhika
- Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (MRIIRS), Sector 43, Faridabad, Haryana, 121004, India; Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), R&D Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, 121007, Haryana, India
| | - Sarita Sachdeva
- Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (MRIIRS), Sector 43, Faridabad, Haryana, 121004, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), R&D Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, 121007, Haryana, India.
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Abstract
Fossil fuels are a major contributor to climate change, and as the demand for energy production increases, alternative sources (e.g., renewables) are becoming more attractive. Biofuels such as bioethanol reduce reliance on fossil fuels and can be compatible with the existing fleet of internal combustion engines. Incorporation of biofuels can reduce internal combustion engine (ICE) fleet carbon dioxide emissions. Bioethanol is typically produced via microbial fermentation of fermentable sugars, such as glucose, to ethanol. Traditional feedstocks (e.g., first-generation feedstock) include cereal grains, sugar cane, and sugar beets. However, due to concerns regarding food sustainability, lignocellulosic (second-generation) and algal biomass (third-generation) feedstocks have been investigated. Ethanol yield from fermentation is dependent on a multitude of factors. This review compares bioethanol production from a range of feedstocks, and elaborates on available technologies, including fermentation practices. The importance of maintaining nutrient homeostasis of yeast is also examined. The purpose of this review is to provide industrial producers and policy makers insight into available technologies, yields of bioethanol achieved by current manufacturing practices, and goals for future innovation.
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17
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Long L, Sun L, Ding D, Chen K, Lin Q, Ding S. Two C1-oxidizing lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora enhance the saccharification of wheat straw by a commercial cellulase cocktail. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Shiru S, Shiru MS. Towards Commercialization of Third‐Generation Biofuel Industry for Sustainable Energy Production in Nigeria. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Shiru
- University of Ilorin Department of Chemical Engineering P.M.B. 1515 Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Sanusi Shiru
- Seoul National University of Science and Technology Department of Civil Engineering 01811 Seoul South Korea
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Novy V, Nielsen F, Cullen D, Sabat G, Houtman CJ, Hunt CG. The characteristics of insoluble softwood substrates affect fungal morphology, secretome composition, and hydrolytic efficiency of enzymes produced by Trichoderma reesei. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:105. [PMID: 33902680 PMCID: PMC8074412 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On-site enzyme production using Trichoderma reesei can improve yields and lower the overall cost of lignocellulose saccharification by exploiting the fungal gene regulatory mechanism that enables it to continuously adapt enzyme secretion to the substrate used for cultivation. To harness this, the interrelation between substrate characteristics and fungal response must be understood. However, fungal morphology or gene expression studies often lack structural and chemical substrate characterization. Here, T. reesei QM6a was cultivated on three softwood substrates: northern bleached softwood Kraft pulp (NBSK) and lodgepole pine pretreated either by dilute-acid-catalyzed steam pretreatment (LP-STEX) or mild alkaline oxidation (LP-ALKOX). With different pretreatments of similar starting materials, we presented the fungus with systematically modified substrates. This allowed the elucidation of substrate-induced changes in the fungal response and the testing of the secreted enzymes' hydrolytic strength towards the same substrates. RESULTS Enzyme activity time courses correlated with hemicellulose content and cellulose accessibility. Specifically, increased amounts of side-chain-cleaving hemicellulolytic enzymes in the protein produced on the complex substrates (LP-STEX; LP-ALKOX) was observed by secretome analysis. Confocal laser scanning micrographs showed that fungal micromorphology responded to changes in cellulose accessibility and initial culture viscosity. The latter was caused by surface charge and fiber dimensions, and likely restricted mass transfer, resulting in morphologies of fungi in stress. Supplementing a basic cellulolytic enzyme mixture with concentrated T. reesei supernatant improved saccharification efficiencies of the three substrates, where cellulose, xylan, and mannan conversion was increased by up to 27, 45, and 2800%, respectively. The improvement was most pronounced for proteins produced on LP-STEX and LP-ALKOX on those same substrates, and in the best case, efficiencies reached those of a state-of-the-art commercial enzyme preparation. CONCLUSION Cultivation of T. reesei on LP-STEX and LP-ALKOX produced a protein mixture that increased the hydrolytic strength of a basic cellulase mixture to state-of-the-art performance on softwood substrates. This suggests that the fungal adaptation mechanism can be exploited to achieve enhanced performance in enzymatic hydrolysis without a priori knowledge of specific substrate requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Novy
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
- Department of Biology and Bioengineering, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Nielsen
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Daniel Cullen
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Grzegorz Sabat
- University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Carl J Houtman
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Christopher G Hunt
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
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20
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Tufail T, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Ain HBU, Gilani SA, Hussain M, Anjum FM. Wheat straw: A natural remedy against different maladies. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2335-2344. [PMID: 33841849 PMCID: PMC8020915 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In millennia, much attention has been paid toward agro-industrial waste which consists of lignin and cellulosic biomass. In this perspective, biomass waste which consists of lignocellulosic mass is an inexpensive, renewable, abundant that provides a unique natural resource for large-scale and cost-effective bioenergy collection. In this current scenario, efforts are directed to briefly review the agro-industrial lignocellulosic biomass as a broad spectrum of numerous functional ingredients, its utilization, and respective health benefits with special to wheat straw. Wheat straw is lignocellulosic mass owing to the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Its microbial culture is the most important and well adjusted, for a variety of applications in the fermentation substrate, feed, food, medicine, industry, and agriculture in order to increase soil fertility. In industrial fermentation, wheat straw can be used as substrates for the production of a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes, drugs, metabolites, and other biofuels as a low-cost substrate or a natural source. Conclusively, wheat straw is the best source to produce bioethanol, biogas, and biohydrogen in biorefineries because it is a renewable, widely distributed, and easily available with very low cost, and its consumption is protected and environment friendly. Wheat straw is a moiety which has health benefits including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-artherogenic, anti-allergenic, antioxidant, antithrombotic, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabussam Tufail
- Faculty of allied health sciencesUniversity Institute of Diet and Nutritional sciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Huma Bader Ul Ain
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation & Allied Health SciencesRiphah International University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Syed Amir Gilani
- Faculty of allied health sciencesUniversity Institute of Diet and Nutritional sciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
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21
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Marques Júnior JE, Rocha MVP. Development of a purification process via crystallization of xylitol produced for bioprocess using a hemicellulosic hydrolysate from the cashew apple bagasse as feedstock. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021. [PMID: 33387004 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02480-9/figures/9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Xylitol was biotechnologically produced by Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC36907 using the hemicellulosic hydrolysate of the cashew apple bagasse (CABHH). Sequentially, the present study investigated the recovery and purification of xylitol evaluating different antisolvents [ethanol, isopropanol and the ionic liquid 2-hydroxyl-ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA)], their proportion in the medium (10-90% v/v), and their cooling rate (VC 0.25-0.50 °C/min). These processes were contrasted with the crystallization process of commercial xylitol. This study is the first to assess xylitol crystallization using a protic ionic liquid. The hydrolysate obtained from a mild treatment with sulfuric acid contained mainly glucose and xylose at concentrations of 15.7 g/L and 11.9 g/L, respectively. With this bioprocess, a maximum xylitol production of 4.5 g/L was achieved. The performance of the investigated antisolvents was similar in all conditions evaluated in the crystallization process of the commercial xylitol, with no significant difference in yields. For the crystallization processes of the produced xylitol, the best conditions were: 50% (v/v) isopropanol as antisolvent, cooling rate of 0.5 °C/min, with a secondary nucleation of yield and purity of 69.7% and 84.8%, respectively. Under the same linear cooling rate, using ethanol, isopropanol or the protic ionic liquid 2-hydroxyl-ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA), crystallization did not occur, probably due to the presence of carbohydrates not metabolized by the yeast in the broth, which influences the solubility curve of xylitol. With the results of this work, a possible economical and environmentally friendly process of recovery and purification of xylitol from CABHH could be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Edvan Marques Júnior
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceara, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceara, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil.
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22
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Development of a purification process via crystallization of xylitol produced for bioprocess using a hemicellulosic hydrolysate from the cashew apple bagasse as feedstock. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:713-725. [PMID: 33387004 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Xylitol was biotechnologically produced by Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC36907 using the hemicellulosic hydrolysate of the cashew apple bagasse (CABHH). Sequentially, the present study investigated the recovery and purification of xylitol evaluating different antisolvents [ethanol, isopropanol and the ionic liquid 2-hydroxyl-ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA)], their proportion in the medium (10-90% v/v), and their cooling rate (VC 0.25-0.50 °C/min). These processes were contrasted with the crystallization process of commercial xylitol. This study is the first to assess xylitol crystallization using a protic ionic liquid. The hydrolysate obtained from a mild treatment with sulfuric acid contained mainly glucose and xylose at concentrations of 15.7 g/L and 11.9 g/L, respectively. With this bioprocess, a maximum xylitol production of 4.5 g/L was achieved. The performance of the investigated antisolvents was similar in all conditions evaluated in the crystallization process of the commercial xylitol, with no significant difference in yields. For the crystallization processes of the produced xylitol, the best conditions were: 50% (v/v) isopropanol as antisolvent, cooling rate of 0.5 °C/min, with a secondary nucleation of yield and purity of 69.7% and 84.8%, respectively. Under the same linear cooling rate, using ethanol, isopropanol or the protic ionic liquid 2-hydroxyl-ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA), crystallization did not occur, probably due to the presence of carbohydrates not metabolized by the yeast in the broth, which influences the solubility curve of xylitol. With the results of this work, a possible economical and environmentally friendly process of recovery and purification of xylitol from CABHH could be proposed.
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Environmentally friendly superabsorbent fibers based on electrospun cellulose nanofibers extracted from wheat straw. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117087. [PMID: 33142628 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Superabsorbent polymers currently used in health and agricultural sectors are based on petroleum-based materials which led to serious concerns in the society. Here, superabsorbent fibers (SAFs) based on electrospun cellulose nanofibers (ECNFs) were prepared. Firstly, cellulose was removed from wheat straw, pre-treated with the TEMPO-mediated oxidation and subsequently dissolved into Trifluoroacetic acid for production of ECNFs through the electrospinning approach. The maximum swelling ratios of 225 g/g and 208 g/g in distilled water and 0.9 wt% NaCl solution were measured for ESAFs composed of oxidized ECNFs containing 15 % poly (sodium acrylate), respectively. The ESAFs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. The FESEM showed that ESAFs formed high strength three-dimensional architecture networks. Also, the results showed that the ionic sensitivity of this ECNFs were low. The prepared ESAFs are attractive renewable alternatives for different applications, contributing to a reduction of plastic microspheres.
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Naseeruddin S, Desai S, Venkateswar Rao L. Co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (VS3) and Pichia stipitis (NCIM 3498) enhances bioethanol yield from concentrated Prosopis juliflora hydrolysate. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:21. [PMID: 33442519 PMCID: PMC7779385 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biphasic acid hydrolysates and enzymatic hydrolysates from carbohydrate-rich Prosopis juliflora, an invasive perennial deciduous shrub of semi-arid regions, were used for bioethanol production. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis were used for fermentation of hexoses and pentoses. P. juliflora acid hydrolysate with an initial sugar concentration of 18.70 ± 0.16 g/L was concentrated to 33.59 ± 0.52 g/L by vacuum distillation. The concentrated hydrolysate was pretreated and fermented by mono- and co-culture methods either singly or in combination with enzyme hydrolysate and ethanol yields were compared. Monoculture with S. cerevisiae (VS3) and S. cerevisiae (NCIM3455) yielded maximum ethanol of 36.6 ± 1.83 g/L and 37.1 ± 1.86 g/L with a fermentation efficiency of 83.94 ± 4.20% and 84.20 ± 4.21%, respectively, after 36 h of fermentation. The ethanol yield obtained was 0.428 ± 0.02 g/g substrate and 0.429 ± 0.02 g/g substrate with a productivity of 1.017 ± 0.051 g/L/hand 1.031 ± 0.052 g/L/h, respectively. P. stipitis (NCIM3498) yielded maximum ethanol of 24 g/L with ethanol yield of 0.455 ± 0.02 g/g substrate and a productivity of 1.004 ± 0.050 g/L/h after 24 h of fermentation. With concentrated acid hydrolysate as substrate, S. cerevisiae (VS3) produced ethanol of 8.52 ± 0.43 g/L, whereas S. cerevisiae (NCIM3455) produced 5.96 ± 0.30 g/L of ethanol. P.stipitis (NCIM3498) produced 4.52 ± 0.23 g/L of ethanol by utilizing 14.66 ± 0.87 g/L of sugars. Co-culture with S. cerevisiae (VS3) addition after 18 h of addition of P. stipitis (NCIM3498) to the mixture of concentrated acid hydrolysate and enzyme hydrolysate produced 13.86 ± 0.47 g/L of ethanol with fermentation efficiency, ethanol yield and productivity of 87.54 ± 0.54%, 0.446 ± 2.36 g/g substrate and 0.385 ± 0.014 g/L/h, respectively. Hence, it is concluded that co-culture with S. cerevisiae and P. stipitis is feasible, further scaling up of fermentation of P. juliflora substrate for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Naseeruddin
- Research Scholar and Professor Emeritus, Respectively, Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - Suseelendra Desai
- Principal Scientist, ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dry Land Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, 500059 India
| | - L. Venkateswar Rao
- Research Scholar and Professor Emeritus, Respectively, Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007 India
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Abdulsattar MO, Abdulsattar JO, Greenway GM, Welham KJ, Zein SH. Optimization of pH as a strategy to improve enzymatic saccharification of wheat straw for enhancing bioethanol production. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this work, wheat straw (WS) was used as a lignocellulosic substrate to investigate the influence of pH on enzymatic saccharification. The optimum enzymatic hydrolysis occurred at pH range 5.8–6.0, instead of 4.8–5.0 as has been widely reported in research. Two enzymes cocktails, Celluclast® 1.5 L with Novozymes 188, Cellic® CTec2 and endo-1,4-β-xylanase, were used for the pH investigation over a pH range of 3.0–7.0. The highest concentration of total reduced sugar was found at pH 6.0 for all the different enzymes used in this study. The total reduced sugar produced from the enzymatic saccharification at pH 6.0 was found to be 7.0, 7.4, and 10.8 (g L−1) for Celluclast® 1.5 L with Novozymes 188, endo-1,4-β-xylanase and Cellic® CTec2, respectively. By increasing the pH from 4.8 to 6.0, the total reduced sugar yield increased by 25% for Celluclast® 1.5 L with Novozymes 188 and endo-1 4-β-xylanase and 21% for Cellic® CTec2. The results from this study indicate that WS hydrolysis can be improved significantly by elevating the pH at which the reaction occurs to the range of 5.8 to 6.0.
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Dong L, Wu X, Wang Q, Cao G, Wu J, Zhou C, Ren N. Evaluation of a novel pretreatment of NaOH/Urea at outdoor cold-winter conditions for enhanced enzymatic conversion and hythane production from rice straw. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140900. [PMID: 32702543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel pretreatment using NaOH/Urea (NU) solution at outdoor cold-winter conditions was developed to enhance the enzymatic saccharification and hythane production from rice straw (RS). Results revealed that the reducing sugar conversion of RS reached 90.02% after NU pretreatment at outdoor freezing temperature. Chemical composition analysis showed that the lignin removal was up to 62.74% with cellulose and hemicellulose loss of 0.56% and 18.87% after 3%-6% NU pretreatment at 100% solid loading for 3 months. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed that the surface of pretreated RS exposed more cellulose and hemicellulose due to the disruption of resistant structure of lignocellulose. Subsequently, the enzymatic hydrolysate of pretreated RS was used as substrate to produce hythane by two-stage fermentation with the yield of 225.1 mL H2/g sugar and 112.8 mL CH4/g sugar. The energy conversion efficiency of hythane fermentation attained 10.4%, which was 22.8% and 190.5% higher than that for single H2 and CH4 fermentation. These results demonstrated that NU pretreatment at outdoor cold-winter conditions was practically and feasible way for improved hythane recovery from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiukun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chunshuang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Giri R, Sharma RK. Fungal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of plant hormone by Pichia fermentans under submerged conditions. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe study was designed to evaluate the production of auxin by eukaryotic unicellular organism Pichia fermentans. Different media formulations were used for the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under broth and submerged conditions. Wheat straw-based production medium was formulated and optimized using statistical approach. The IAA production was significantly enhanced by nine folds, when the wheat straw was pretreated with Phanerochaete chrysosporium (150 µg/ml) as compared to untreated wheat straw (16.44 µg/ml). Partial purification of IAA was carried out by silica gel column chromatography and further confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Exogenous application of crude and partially purified IAA positively influenced the Vigna radiata seedling growth. The number of lateral roots in the growing seedlings was significantly higher as compared to the control seeds. Thus, the present findings point towards an efficient production of plant hormone by yeast and white rot fungus using abundantly available wheat straw, which may lead to the development of cost-effective production of such metabolites and their further use in agricultural field to reduce the negative impact of chemical fertilizers.
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Steam explosion (SE) and instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) as thermo-hydro-mechanical pretreatment methods for bioethanol production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:945-957. [PMID: 32025810 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass can be considered as one of the largest sources for the production of renewable biofuels (bioethanol). It involves an enzymatic treatment capable of ensuring the depolymerization of cellulose into fermentable sugars, followed by the production of ethanol by appropriate bacteriological fermentation. Proper destruction of the compact natural structure of the biomass would allow an interesting intensification of the operation. Among the most prominent technical approaches, the steam explosion (SE) is the most famous. However, this high pressure-high temperature process implies too high energy consumption while leading to the generation of many non-fermentable molecules. In recent years, many studies have proposed the use of the Instant Controlled Pressure-Drop (DIC) texturing pretreatment as an effective alternative to SE for ethanol production. Therefore, in this manuscript, we propose to compare and discuss the fundamental principles and experimental results of these two operations, as presented in the relevant literature.
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Perwez M, Ahmed Mazumder J, Sardar M. Preparation and characterization of reusable magnetic combi-CLEA of cellulase and hemicellulase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 131:109389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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de Souza PK, Souza O, Sellin N, Marangoni C. Evaluation of Second-Generation Ethanol Production from Mixtures of Banana Pseudostem, Peel and Rejected Fruit Using Aspen Hysys Simulation. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2018.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ozair Souza
- Department of Process Engineering, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, Brazil
| | - Noeli Sellin
- Department of Process Engineering, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, Brazil
| | - Cintia Marangoni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Textile Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, Brazil
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Schindl A, Hagen ML, Muzammal S, Gunasekera HAD, Croft AK. Proteins in Ionic Liquids: Reactions, Applications, and Futures. Front Chem 2019; 7:347. [PMID: 31179267 PMCID: PMC6543490 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer processing and handling is greatly facilitated by the use of ionic liquids, given the increased solubility, and in some cases, structural stability imparted to these molecules. Focussing on proteins, we highlight here not just the key drivers behind protein-ionic liquid interactions that facilitate these functionalities, but address relevant current and potential applications of protein-ionic liquid interactions, including areas of future interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schindl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L. Hagen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shafaq Muzammal
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Henadira A. D. Gunasekera
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K. Croft
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Yao F, Tian D, Shen F, Hu J, Zeng Y, Yang G, Zhang Y, Deng S, Zhang J. Recycling solvent system in phosphoric acid plus hydrogen peroxide pretreatment towards a more sustainable lignocellulose biorefinery for bioethanol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:19-26. [PMID: 30572259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pretreating lignocellulosic biomass by phosphoric acid plus hydrogen peroxide (PHP) was integrated with recovering concentrated phosphoric acid (CPA), lignin, and treating phosphorus (P) wastewater. Results indicated no significant effects on cellulose recovery was observed by promoting ethanol addition, but CPA and lignin recovery were improved to 80.0% and 23.3%, respectively. Increasing water addition did not greatly affect CPA recovery (80.0-80.4%), and lignin recovery (22.8-23.6%). Consequently, the ratio of 11:1 (ethanol/PHP solution) and 4:1 (water/de-ethanol liquor) were suggested for solid/liquid separation and lignin precipitation. Average 86.0% CPA was recycled for pretreatment (≥11 runs) with average 96.3% cellulose-glucose conversion. A specially-developed biochar from crab shell was efficient on P removal with maximal adsorption capacity of 261.6 mg/g. Pretreating 1.0 kg wheat straw by 1.1 kg CPA harvested 155.0 g ethanol, 45.0 g high purity lignin and 4.9 kg P-rich biochar fertilizer. Recovering CPA, biochar-fertilizer and lignin, and P wastewater treatment made PHP pretreatment towards more sustainable and cleaner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengpei Yao
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Dong Tian
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Fei Shen
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Wood Science, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada; Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, the University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4H9, Canada
| | - Yongmei Zeng
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Yang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yanzong Zhang
- Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Shihuai Deng
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
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Yu H, Xu Y, Ni Y, Wu Q, Liu S, Li L, Yu S, Ji Z. Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose from waste paper fibers by cationic polymers addition. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:248-254. [PMID: 30177163 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymers (cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), polyethyleneimine (PEI) or cationic starch (CS)) were used to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper fibers (WPFs) at 15% (w/w) solids concentration. Results showed that 0.05 g/L PEI, CPAM and CS resulted in 72.5%, 65.9% and 59.7% conversion of WPFs, increased by 15.4%, 8.8% and 2.6%, respectively, compared with control (57.1%). PEI was shown to have a larger effect than CPAM and CS, and generate a total sugar concentration of 73.9 g/L. Improvement in hydrolysis with cationic polymer addition is attributed to increased cellulase adsorption on cellulose through electrostatic attraction, rather than enhancement of cellulase activity. A patching/ bridging mechanism of cationic polymer enhancement of cellulose adsorption in cellulose is hypothesized. PEI exhibited maximum cellulose binding for polymers examined and appears to promote binding through a patching mechanism. CPAM and CS adsorbed a relatively low cellulase through bridging mechanism. In addition, enzyme loading could be reduced by addition of cationic polymers to obtain the same glucose yield, especially when PEI was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yuqin Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shitao Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Zhe Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Tufail T, Saeed F, Imran M, Arshad MU, Anjum FM, Afzaal M, Bader Ul Ain H, Shahbaz M, Gondal TA, Hussain S. Biochemical characterization of wheat straw cell wall with special reference to bioactive profile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1484759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tabussam Tufail
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad Anjum
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud, University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Bader Ul Ain
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Food Science & Technology, MNSUA, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahzad Hussain
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud, University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shuddhodana, Gupta MN, Bisaria VS. Effectiveness of cross-linked enzyme aggregates of cellulolytic enzymes in hydrolyzing wheat straw. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:445-450. [PMID: 29759794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Development of industrially potent cellulolytic enzymes is one of the greatest challenges faced in lignocellulosic feed-stock based bio-refining. In the current work cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of commercial cellulase mix were successfully prepared and their performance to be used as potential industrial enzymes in terms of stability and wheat straw hydrolysis was evaluated. The CLEAs were more stable compared to native enzymes with half-lives being 2.30-, 1.56-, 3.07- and 1.67-fold higher at 70°C for filter paper activity (FPA), endoglucanase, β-glucosidase and xylanase, respectively. CLEAs retained 77.4% of endoglucanase and 85.9% of xylanase activity after five cycles of hydrolysis of soluble substrates such as carboxymethyl cellulose and xylan, respectively. A maximum saccharification yield of 31.8% by soluble enzymes and 32.9% by CLEAs were obtained when alkali-pretreated wheat straw was subjected to hydrolysis. On repeated batch hydrolysis for five consecutive cycles of 24 h each, the CLEAs showed an overall higher saccharification yield of 43.3% compared to 31.8% with soluble enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuddhodana
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Munishwar N Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Virendra S Bisaria
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Basit A, Liu J, Miao T, Zheng F, Rahim K, Lou H, Jiang W. Characterization of Two Endo-β-1, 4-Xylanases from Myceliophthora thermophila and Their Saccharification Efficiencies, Synergistic with Commercial Cellulase. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:233. [PMID: 29491860 PMCID: PMC5817056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The xylanases with high specific activity and resistance to harsh conditions are of high practical value for biomass utilization. In the present study, two new GH11 xylanase genes, MYCTH_56237 and MYCTH_49824, have been cloned from thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The specific activities of purified xylanases reach approximately 1,533.7 and 1,412.5 U/mg, respectively. Based on multiple template-based homology modeling, the structures of their catalytic domains are predicted. Enzyme activity was more effective in 7.5 L fermentor, yielding 2,010.4 and 2,004.2 U/mL, respectively. Both enzymes exhibit optimal activity at 60°C with pH of 6.0 and 7.0, respectively. Their activities are not affected by EDTA and an array of metal ions. The kinetic constants have been determined for MYCTH_56237 (Km = 8.80 mg/mL, Vmax = 2,380 U/mg) and MYCTH_49824 (Km = 5.67 mg/mL, Vmax = 1,750 U/mg). More importantly, both xylanases significantly cooperate with the commercial cellulase Celluclast 1.5 L in terms of the saccharification efficiency. All these biochemical properties of the xylanases offer practical potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junquan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Miao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhen Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kashif Rahim
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiang Lou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Xie C, Gong W, Yang Q, Zhu Z, Yan L, Hu Z, Peng Y. White-rot fungi pretreatment combined with alkaline/oxidative pretreatment to improve enzymatic saccharification of industrial hemp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:188-195. [PMID: 28662388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
White-rot fungi combined with alkaline/oxidative (A/O) pretreatments of industrial hemp woody core were proposed to improve enzymatic saccharification. In this study, hemp woody core were treated with only white rot fungi, only A/O and combined with the two methods. The results showed that Pleurotus eryngii (P. eryngii) was the most effective fungus for pretreatment. Reducing sugars yield was 329mg/g with 30 Filter Paper Unit (FPU)/g cellulase loading when treated 21day. In the A/O groups, the results showed that when treated with 3% NaOH and 3% H2O2, the yield of reducing sugars was 288mg/g with 30FPU/g cellulase loading. After combination pretreatment with P. eryngii and A/O pretreatment, the reducing sugar yield from enzymatic hydrolysis of combined sample increased 1.10-1.29-fold than that of bio-treated or A/O pretreatment sample at the same conditions, suggesting that P. eryngii combined with A/O pretreatment was an effective method to improve enzyme hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Xie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Wenbing Gong
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Zuohua Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Li Yan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Zhenxiu Hu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Yuande Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China.
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38
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A reusable multipurpose magnetic nanobiocatalyst for industrial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Banoth C, Sunkar B, Tondamanati PR, Bhukya B. Improved physicochemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw for bioethanol production by yeast fermentation. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:334. [PMID: 28955631 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass such as agricultural and forest residues are considered as an alternative, inexpensive, renewable, and abundant source for fuel ethanol production. In the present study, three different pretreatment methods for rice straw were carried out to investigate the maximum lignin removal for subsequent bioethanol fermentation. The chemical pretreatments of rice straw were optimized under different pretreatment severity conditions in the range of 1.79-2.26. Steam explosion of rice straw at 170 °C for 10 min, sequentially treated with 2% (w/v) KOH (SEKOH) in autoclave at 121 °C for 30 min, resulted in 85 ± 2% delignification with minimum sugar loss. Combined pretreatment of steam explosion and KOH at severity factor (SF 3.10) showed improved cellulose fraction of biomass. Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysis at 30 FPU/g enzyme loading resulted in 664.0 ± 5.39 mg/g sugar yield with 82.60 ± 1.7% saccharification efficiency. Consequently, the hydrolysate of SEKOH with 58.70 ± 1.52 g/L sugars when fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae OBC14 showed 26.12 ± 1.24 g/L ethanol, 0.44 g/g ethanol yield with 87.03 ± 1.6% fermentation efficiency.
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Carrillo-Nieves D, Ruiz HA, Aguilar CN, Ilyina A, Parra-Saldivar R, Torres JA, Martínez Hernández JL. Process alternatives for bioethanol production from mango stem bark residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:430-436. [PMID: 28538199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three alternatives for bioethanol production from pretreated mango stem bark after maceration (MSBAM) were evaluated as a biorefinery component for the mango agroindustry. These included separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), and pre-saccharification followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF). The effects on ethanol concentration, yield and productivity of pretreated MSBAM solids loading, Tween 20 addition, and temperature were used for process comparisons. The highest yields for the SHF, SSF, and PSSF process alternatives were 58.8, 81.6, and 84.5%, respectively. Since saccharification and fermentation are carried out in the same vessel in the SSF alternative, and no significant SSF and PSSF differences in ethanol concentration were observed, SSF is recommended as the best process configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danay Carrillo-Nieves
- Nanobioscience and Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coah., Mexico; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Héctor A Ruiz
- Nanobioscience and Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coah., Mexico; Cluster of Bioalcohols, Mexican Centre for Innovation in Bioenergy (Cemie-Bio), Mexico
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Nanobioscience and Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coah., Mexico
| | - Anna Ilyina
- Nanobioscience and Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coah., Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldivar
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - J Antonio Torres
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - José L Martínez Hernández
- Nanobioscience and Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coah., Mexico.
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Koti S, Govumoni SP, Gentela J, Venkateswar Rao L. Enhanced bioethanol production from wheat straw hemicellulose by mutant strains of pentose fermenting organisms Pichia stipitis and Candida shehatae. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1545. [PMID: 27652118 PMCID: PMC5020006 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to mutate yeast strains, Pichia stipitis NCIM 3498 and Candida shehatae NCIM 3501 and assess the mutant's ability to utilize, ferment wheat straw hemicellulose with enhanced ethanol yield. The organisms were subjected to random mutagenesis using physical (ultraviolet radiation) and chemical (ethidium bromide) mutagens. The mutant and wild strains were used to ferment the hemicellulosic hydrolysates of wheat straw obtained by 2 % dilute sulphuric acid and enzymatic hydrolysis by crude xylanase separately. Among all the mutant strains, PSUV9 and CSEB7 showed enhanced ethanol production (12.15 ± 0.57, 9.55 ± 0.47 g/L and yield 0.450 ± 0.009, 0.440 ± 0.001 g/g) as compared to the wild strains (8.28 ± 0.54, 7.92 ± 0.89 g/L and yield 0.380 ± 0.006 and 0.370 ± 0.002 g/g) in both the hydrolysates. The mutant strains were also checked for their consistency in ethanol production and found stable for 19 cycles in hemicellulosic hydrolysates of wheat straw. A novel element in the present study was introduction of chemical mutagenesis in wild type as well as UV induced mutants. This combination of treatments i.e., UV followed by chemical mutagenesis was practically successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravanthi Koti
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana state 500 007 India
| | | | - Jahnavi Gentela
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana state 500 007 India
| | - L. Venkateswar Rao
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana state 500 007 India
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42
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Keshav PK, Naseeruddin S, Rao LV. Improved enzymatic saccharification of steam exploded cotton stalk using alkaline extraction and fermentation of cellulosic sugars into ethanol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:363-370. [PMID: 27155264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cotton stalk, a widely available and cheap agricultural residue lacking economic alternatives, was subjected to steam explosion in the range 170-200°C for 5min. Steam explosion at 200°C and 5min led to significant hemicellulose solubilization (71.90±0.10%). Alkaline extraction of steam exploded cotton stalk (SECOH) using 3% NaOH at room temperature for 6h led to 85.07±1.43% lignin removal with complete hemicellulose solubilization. Besides, this combined pretreatment allowed a high recovery of the cellulosic fraction from the biomass. Enzymatic saccharification was studied between steam exploded cotton stalk (SECS) and SECOH using different cellulase loadings. SECOH gave a maximum of 785.30±8.28mg/g reducing sugars with saccharification efficiency of 82.13±0.72%. Subsequently, fermentation of SECOH hydrolysate containing sugars (68.20±1.16g/L) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced 23.17±0.84g/L ethanol with 0.44g/g yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Keshav
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Shaik Naseeruddin
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - L Venkateswar Rao
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Production of Cellulase for Ethanol Fermentation from Pretreated Wheat Straw. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSACTION A-SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-016-0050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Novy V, Schmid M, Eibinger M, Petrasek Z, Nidetzky B. The micromorphology of Trichoderma reesei analyzed in cultivations on lactose and solid lignocellulosic substrate, and its relationship with cellulase production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:169. [PMID: 27512503 PMCID: PMC4979124 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is the principal producer of cellulolytic enzymes. Because of the strong influence on the enzyme production, the morphology of the filamentous fungi is a key parameter for process optimization. For cost-effective production of cellulolytic enzymes, the cultivation of T. reesei is performed on lignocellulosic waste streams. These insoluble substrates prevent the application of the conventional light microscopy for the analysis of fungal morphology. Here, we present a novel method for the micromorphological analysis based on confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the computer-aided image analysis. This method enabled the quantification of the dimensions of the single cell (intercalary length and cell width) and the degree of branching in cultivations on the industrially relevant substrates wheat straw and lactose. The micromorphology of two T. reesei strains, QM9414 and a carbon catabolite derepressed cre1 knockout mutant (Δcre1), was analyzed in dependence of substrate, inoculation method, and agitation velocity. RESULTS Trichoderma reesei strain Δcre1 formed shorter cells (10.09 µm) on average and developed more ramified mycelia (0.36 branches/cell) than strain QM9414 (12.03 µm, 0.22 branches/cell). Cultivated on wheat straw, the average cell length of QM9414 (10.87 µm) and Δcre1 (9.74 µm) was 10 and 21 % shorter as compared to reference cultivations on lactose. When inoculation was done with spores as compared to hyphal biomass, cell lengths of QM9414 (10.97 µm) and Δcre1 (9.10 µm) were on average about 20 % shorter. Strain performance was evaluated in protein concentration and total cellulase activity, which varied between 0.69 and 2.31 FPU/mL for Δcre1 and between 0.84 and 1.64 FPU/mL for QM9414. The cell length exhibited slightly negative correlation with the protein (regression coefficient -0.04 g/(L µm), R (2) 0.33) and the cellulase (-0.30 FPU/(mL µm), R (2) 0.53) production. CONCLUSIONS The dimensions of the single cell of T. reesei were dependent on strain background, substrate used and process conditions applied. Micromorphological changes were correlated semi-quantitatively with the efficiency of enzyme production. In providing a process analytical tool for enzyme production by T. reesei on lignocellulosic substrate, this study has relevance for the characterization and optimization of a critical step in the overall saccharification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Novy
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Maximilian Schmid
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Eibinger
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Zdenek Petrasek
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Xia W, Xu X, Qian L, Shi P, Bai Y, Luo H, Ma R, Yao B. Engineering a highly active thermophilic β-glucosidase to enhance its pH stability and saccharification performance. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:147. [PMID: 27446236 PMCID: PMC4955127 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Glucosidase is an important member of the biomass-degrading enzyme system, and plays vital roles in enzymatic saccharification for biofuels production. Candidates with high activity and great stability over high temperature and varied pHs are always preferred in industrial practice. To achieve cost-effective biomass conversion, exploring natural enzymes, developing high level expression systems and engineering superior mutants are effective approaches commonly used. RESULTS A newly identified β-glucosidase of GH3, Bgl3A, from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802, was overexpressed in yeast strain Pichia pastoris GS115, yielding a crude enzyme activity of 6000 U/ml in a 3 L fermentation tank. The purified enzyme exhibited outstanding enzymatic properties, including favorable temperature and pH optima (75 °C and pH 4.5), good thermostability (maintaining stable at 60 °C), and high catalytic performance (with a specific activity and catalytic efficiency of 905 U/mg and 9096/s/mM on pNPG, respectively). However, the narrow stability of Bgl3A at pH 4.0-5.0 would limit its industrial applications. Further site-directed mutagenesis indicated the role of excessive O-glycosylation in pH liability. By removing the potential O-glycosylation sites, two mutants showed improved pH stability over a broader pH range (3.0-10.0). Besides, with better stability under pH 5.0 and 50 °C compared with wild type Bgl3A, saccharification efficiency of mutant M1 was improved substantially cooperating with cellulase Celluclast 1.5L. And mutant M1 reached approximately equivalent saccharification performance to commercial β-glucosidase Novozyme 188 with identical β-glucosidase activity, suggesting its great prospect in biofuels production. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we overexpressed a novel β-glucosidase Bgl3A with high specific activity and high catalytic efficiency in P. pastoris. We further proved the negative effect of excessive O-glycosylation on the pH stability of Bgl3A, and enhanced the pH stability by reducing the O-glycosylation. And the enhanced mutants showed much better application prospect with substantially improved saccharification efficiency on cellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
- />College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- />Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lichun Qian
- />College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiying Luo
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
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Agrawal R, Satlewal A, Gaur R, Mathur A, Kumar R, Gupta RP, Tuli DK. Pilot scale pretreatment of wheat straw and comparative evaluation of commercial enzyme preparations for biomass saccharification and fermentation. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Azeredo HM, Kontou-Vrettou C, Moates GK, Wellner N, Cross K, Pereira PH, Waldron KW. Wheat straw hemicellulose films as affected by citric acid. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Liu X, Zicari SM, Liu G, Li Y, Zhang R. Pretreatment of wheat straw with potassium hydroxide for increasing enzymatic and microbial degradability. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 185:150-7. [PMID: 25768417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The pretreatment of wheat straw with potassium hydroxide (KOH) at ambient temperature (20°C) was investigated. The pretreatment effects on chemical composition and physical structures, and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and anaerobic digestion were evaluated. Wheat straw at 10% total solids (TS) was treated with KOH solution for 24h at a wide range of KOH loadings from 2% to 50% (w/w dry basis). Higher KOH loading resulted in higher lignin reduction from the straw and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the resulting black liquor. Maximum lignin reduction of 54.7% was observed at 50% KOH loading. In comparison to untreated straw, specific hydrolysis yields achieved 14.0-92.3% over the range of 2-50% KOH loading, and methane yields increased 16.7-77.5% for KOH loadings of 10-50%, respectively. Accounting for losses during pretreatment, 20% KOH loading resulted in maximum overall reducing sugar yield and methane yield and therefore is the recommended loading for pretreatment under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Steven M Zicari
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yeqing Li
- Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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49
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Kim HM, Jung S, Lee KH, Song Y, Bae HJ. Improving lignocellulose degradation using xylanase–cellulase fusion protein with a glycine–serine linker. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 73:215-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Cui J, Cui L, Cheng F, Liu L, Sun H, Li S, Wen Z, Sun J. A green route for preparation of low surface area SiO2 microspheres from wheat straw ash with activated carbon and NPK compound fertilizer as by-products. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14622d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Every components of the wheat straw ash and all the chemicals involved in this route have been effectively used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Cui
- Institute of Materials and Technology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Liying Cui
- Institute of Materials and Technology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Fupeng Cheng
- Institute of Materials and Technology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Institute of Materials and Technology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Hongliang Sun
- Institute of Materials and Technology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Song Li
- Institute of Materials and Technology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Zhongsheng Wen
- Institute of Materials and Technology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Juncai Sun
- Institute of Materials and Technology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
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