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Frias M, Reynoso S, Rambhia S, Noki G, Olson J, Stoeber B, Trajano HL. Effect of incubation conditions of cellulase hydrolysis on mechanical pulp fibre morphology. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 344:122529. [PMID: 39218551 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical pulp industry is diversifying through the manufacture of high-value paper products, such as microfibrillated cellulose. However, the development of fibre quality is still energy-intensive. Enzymatic hydrolysis is hypothesized to promote fibre cutting, greater fibrillation, and reduce refining energy costs. Despite potential benefits, there is little understanding of the mechanisms behind fibre development during enzymatic hydrolysis of mechanical pulp. This work investigates how incubation pH and temperature during enzymatic hydrolysis impact the refining of mechanical pulp short fibres. Incubation with endoglucanase at pH 5 and 60 °C increased fibre cutting by approximately 20 %. Fibrillation was negatively affected at this condition, resulting in increased slim fines formation with refining. Incubation at pH 8 and 80 °C promoted >15 % reduction in fibre length, despite such conditions being associated with low enzyme activity. The pH variation modified the sedimentation height of the fibres and the conductivity of suspensions, indicating a change in fibre surface charge. Fibre morphology changes were induced by enzyme hydrolysis conducted at conditions representative of the full range of pH and temperature observed in mechanical pulp mills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Frias
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Santiago Reynoso
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico, 06500
| | - Shriya Rambhia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India, 560054
| | - Gloria Noki
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - James Olson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Boris Stoeber
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Heather L Trajano
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
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Ponsetto P, Sasal EM, Mazzoli R, Valetti F, Gilardi G. The potential of native and engineered Clostridia for biomass biorefining. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1423935. [PMID: 39219620 PMCID: PMC11365079 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1423935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Since their first industrial application in the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation in the early 1900s, Clostridia have found large application in biomass biorefining. Overall, their fermentation products include organic acids (e.g., acetate, butyrate, lactate), short chain alcohols (e.g., ethanol, n-butanol, isobutanol), diols (e.g., 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol) and H2 which have several applications such as fuels, building block chemicals, solvents, food and cosmetic additives. Advantageously, several clostridial strains are able to use cheap feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass, food waste, glycerol or C1-gases (CO2, CO) which confer them additional potential as key players for the development of processes less dependent from fossil fuels and with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The present review aims to provide a survey of research progress aimed at developing Clostridium-mediated biomass fermentation processes, especially as regards strain improvement by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberto Mazzoli
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Zhang H, Zhou M, Jin H, Jia W, Li C, Pan F, Shi H. Enzyme activity test paper with high wet strength and anion adsorption properties fabricated from whole cationized softwood chemical fiber. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132769. [PMID: 38823745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Paper-based test film material is widely used in a variety of test instruments for different applications. The enzyme activity test paper sheet is one of the most popularly used test papers. Here we present a novel fabrication of paper-based enzyme activity test paper without cationic resin added in. The chemical pulping fibers were first beaten to different degrees (from 14.6 to 41.5°SR) with a PFI beater. After that, the fibers were modified with a cationic agent (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) under the system of alkali and water solution. Finally, the test papers were made with the modified fiber by a regular paper former in lab. The results showed that beating is beneficial for the improvement of the cationization reaction which is indicated by the Zeta potential, FTIR and EDS. The main mechanisms involved are the destruction of crystalline zone, increase of free hydroxyl group and defibrillation. This hypothesis was supported by the SEM, XRD and fiber analyzer. Beating under the optimized condition, the wet strength and liquid absorbability of test paper can meet the application requirement, and the test results of enzyme activity are quite close to those of commercial test papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, The Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Paper and Pulp Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Miaofang Zhou
- Zhejiang Hanghua New Materials Sci.&Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Huiqi Jin
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, The Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Paper and Pulp Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Wenchao Jia
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, The Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Paper and Pulp Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Changgeng Li
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, The Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Paper and Pulp Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Feng Pan
- Takara Biotechnology(Dalian) Co., Ltd., Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Haiqiang Shi
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, The Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Paper and Pulp Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China.
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Rahman S, Hasan K, Repon MR, Haque MM. Preparation and characterization of handsheet using cellulose based Agri-weed: A sustainable utilization of Urena Lobata fiber. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29170. [PMID: 38623225 PMCID: PMC11016706 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing depletion of reserves of natural resources has led to a growing worldwide focus on the exploitation of available waste in new domains. The presence of weedy plants is pervasive on a global scale and has detrimental effects on several aspects of the environment, agriculture, and people's health. Therefore, repurposing these Agri-weed plants for beneficial purposes would be a significant achievement. Furthermore, since raw materials constitute a substantial portion of manufacturing costs, using weeds as a feasible substitute for raw materials might potentially provide considerable advantages for manufacturers. In this study, an endeavor has been made to the utilization of agricultural waste "Urena Lobata", for the purpose of paper production. In the interim, the utilization of Urena Lobata as an alternative and sustainable raw material for pulp and paper industry could potentially offer a beneficial approach to mitigation of deforestation. The effective production of handsheets with weights of 70 g/m2 and 80 g/m2 was achieved using Urena Lobata fiber, Bleached Urena Lobata Fiber, and hardwood kraft pulp. Mechanical characteristics of handsheet's were comprehensively examined by the bursting index, tensile strength, tear index, brightness percentage and scanning electron microscope for handsheet's morphology. The results show that the handsheets produced by Urena Lobata fiber exhibit a much lower brightness percentage, high tensile strength and bursting index. Alongside, handsheets by bleached Urena Lobata fiber indicate higher brightness percentage, satisfactory values for tensile strength, bursting index, and tear index. The prepared materials are suitable for a broad spectrum of prospective applications, encompassing newsprint, tissue paper, filtration paper as well as high-quality writing and printing paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadikur Rahman
- Department of Textile Engineering, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Reazuddin Repon
- Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos g. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų 56, LT-51424, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Md. Mahbubul Haque
- Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
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Sun HC, Lai YH, Shyu JG, Perng YS. Application of frass from black soldier fly larvae treatment of cattle dung in pulp and papermaking. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2986. [PMID: 38316914 PMCID: PMC10844205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cattle dung treatments in Taiwan have developed a process called Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment, which can digest cow dung and generate the frass (larvae drops), the residue fiber in cow dung. This study aims to assess frass for its potential in pulp and papermaking, considering its chemical compositions, appearance, and fiber morphology, and also evaluate its suitability for pulping by soda method to create added value. The frass exhibits favorable material properties for pulping and papermaking, including a high holocellulose (67.37%) and α-cellulose (48.00%) content, along with a lower ash content (4.61%); the microstructure and surface mesoporous pores benefit for pulping; and the nonwood-fiber-like fiber morphology. The pulping experiment shows that 7% NaOH and 75 min of pulping conditions result in proper disintegration of fiber, and the highest accepts ratio (34.06%). The NaOH causes fiber disintegration during pulping, resulting in a higher strength property of the handsheet. The frass pulp blended with TOCC can achieve the ring crush index standards required for cardboard products. In summary, the frass from BSFL treatment of cattle dung can be utilized in pulp and papermaking to enhance circular utilization value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chen Sun
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsun Lai
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiann-Gwo Shyu
- Forest Products Utilization Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taipei, 100051, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Shing Perng
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
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6
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Ma S, Li H, Huang Q, Fei J. Trans-scale interface engineering: Constructing nature-inspired spider-web networks for regulating thermal transport and mechanical performance of carbon fiber/phenolic composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:777-794. [PMID: 37748405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of interfacial engineering was crucial for achieving the industrialization of high-performance carbon fiber/phenolic composites. In this study, establishing scalable interpenetrating networks (cellulose nanofiber-zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8/aramid nanofiber-boron nitride) on the fiber/matrix interphase, was in favor of realizing precise repairation of interfacial defects, further regulating thermal conductivity, mechanical and tribological properties of the composites. Based on the physical and chemical bridging-effects arising from above spider-web networks, the flexural strength and modulus of modified sample were 74.69 MPa and 6.22 GPa, showing an increase of 135.99% and 56.68%, respectively. Meanwhile, this trans-scale spider-web structure acted as a micron skeleton-nano unit continuous thermal conductive network, significantly reduced phonon scattering and displayed a 258.33% enhancement in the thermal management capability of modified sample. This study reveals key design principles of trans-scale interfacial structure to dynamicly regulate performances and meet service requirements of next-generation carbon fiber/phenolic composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Qiyue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jie Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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7
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Sun HC, Lai YH, Huang KY, Huang SY, Shyu JG, Perng YS. Circular utilization of discarded oyster farming bamboo scaffolding in pulp and papermaking. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21230. [PMID: 38040821 PMCID: PMC10692099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oyster Farming is one of important fisheries and aquaculture industries in Taiwan. Each year, approximately 4000-5000 tons of discarded bamboo scaffolding (BS) used in oyster farming, are generated, so the treatment and utilization of BS should be taken seriously. This study evaluates the suitability of BS for pulp and papermaking by assessing the chemical compositions, microstructural, and fiber morphology. The pulping properties is investigated by soda pulping. The chemical composition of BS shows the potential for application in pulping. The BS microstructure shows that can enhance pulping reactions, while the fiber morphology indicates the possibility of producing high-strength paper. Through the pulping experiment, it demonstrated that BS is suitable for pulping with lower NaOH dosage and longer digestion time. The condition at 170 °C with 14% NaOH dosage for 90 min digestion has the highest yield. After refining the highest pulping yield BS pulp, it can improve the handsheet strength and bulk of the OCC-BS mixed pulp, which can achieve the strength property required for industrial paper. In summary, BS exhibits the potential for pulping application and produces a better paper strength than OCC pulp, exhibiting the feasibility of enhancing the circular utilization value of BS in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chen Sun
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsun Lai
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Yeh Huang
- Division of Polymer Research, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ssu-Yu Huang
- Division of Polymer Research, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiann-Gwo Shyu
- Forest Products Utilization Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, 100051, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Shing Perng
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
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8
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Correia TR, Almeida RHG, Campos GN, Santos CC, Colaço MV, Figueiredo MAG, Sousa AMF, Silva ALN. Advantages of treating sponge-gourd waste by mechanical refining on the properties of fiber-based poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/polylactide biocomposites. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20230003. [PMID: 37672400 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320230003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compares the morphology, thermal, and dynamic-mechanical properties of composites based on polybutylene adipate terephthalate/polylactide biocomposites with sponge gourd waste treated code as R, and non-treated sponge gourd, coded as NR, by mechanical disc refining after milled process. Extrusion followed by compression molding was used to produce biocomposites with fiber contents of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15% wt/wt for R and NR sponge gourd fibers. Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals that NR has the morphology of a rigid tubular shape, whereas R is a thinner, twisted, and fibrillated fiber. Regardless of the type of sponge gourd fiber used, the thermal stability of the composite decreases as the sponge gourd content increases. At 25°C, the biocomposite with 10%wt/wt R fiber has the highest storage modulus value. The comparison of Tangent peak values reveals that the presence of sponge gourd fibers reduces the energy dissipation of the biocomposites. The analysis of the loss modulus at 25°C reveals that R fiber contributes more to the reduction of energy dissipation of the biocomposites than NR. Furthermore, the Cole-Cole plot shows that R and NR fibers are dispersed and do not significantly change the homogeneity of the biopolymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R Correia
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, Maracanã, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renan Henriques G Almeida
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Avenida Horário Macedo, 2013, Bloco J, Cidade Universitária, 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo N Campos
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, Maracanã, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caio C Santos
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, Maracanã, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Colaço
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Bloco B, Maracanã, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio G Figueiredo
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, Maracanã, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria F Sousa
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, Maracanã, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia N Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Avenida Horário Macedo, 2013, Bloco J, Cidade Universitária, 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Horário Macedo, 2013, Bloco J, Cidade Universitária, 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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9
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Shah SWA, Xu Q, Ullah MW, Zahoor, Sethupathy S, Morales GM, Sun J, Zhu D. Lignin-based additive materials: A review of current status, challenges, and future perspectives. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 74:103711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
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Binary additives of polyamide epichlorohydrin-nanocellulose for effective valorization of used paper. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:194-201. [PMID: 36493924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a binary reinforcement system of polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin with nanocellulose (PAE-NC) for effectively modification of the reclaimed fibres for paper production, and based on the improvement of physical and mechanical properties of cellulosic fibres together with PAE-NC self-crosslinking networks, the strengthening mechanisms of recycled papers are examined. The PAE-NC binary system was applied directly to old corrugated container (OCC) and softwood bleached kraft pulp (SWBKP), and handsheets are prepared with varying amounts of PAE/NC/PAE-NC, namely 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 wt% (dry pulp). The results showed that the studied additives improved the performance of recycled fibres, whether SWBKP or OCC pulp, and handsheets in solely or combined mechanisms except for the air permeability of the handsheets. The treatment of PAE-NC combination was significantly more effective than those of PAE or NC alone for both OCC and SWBKP, although the combined PAE-NC treatment results in better performance enhancement for OCC than SWBKP handsheets, and the NC alone is more effective than PAE for SWBKP recycled paper and conversely for OCC recycled paper. SEM observations further confirmed that the combined PAE-NC addition treatment imparted a relatively uniform surface structure to the handsheet.
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Yang X, Li L, Zhao W, Wang M, Yang W, Tian Y, Zheng R, Deng S, Mu Y, Zhu X. Characteristics and Functional Application of Cellulose Fibers Extracted from Cow Dung Wastes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:648. [PMID: 36676384 PMCID: PMC9866732 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of petroleum-based products has led to increasing environmental and ecological problems, while the extraction and application of various natural cellulose fibers have received increasing attention. This research focuses on the extraction of cellulose fibers from cow dung using different treatments: hot water, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) boilings, as well as a selection of the best quality cow dung fibers for papermaking with quality control. The study's objective is to find a sustainable method to extract as much material as possible from renewable biomass feedstock. The results show that the best extraction rate is obtained by KOH boiling with 42% cellulose fibers extracted. Corresponding handmade paper has a burst index of 2.48 KPam2/g, a tear index of 4.83 mNm2/g and a tensile index of 26.72 Nm/g. This project expands the sources of natural cellulose fibers to an eco-friendly and sustainable one and opens up new applications for cow dung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wuyun Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wanxia Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuhang Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ruizhe Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Shuhang Deng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yongsong Mu
- Huarui Agricultural Company, Zhangye 734500, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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12
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De Haro-Niza J, Rincón E, Gonzalez Z, Espinosa E, Rodríguez A. Nanocellulose from Spanish Harvesting Residues to Improve the Sustainability and Functionality of Linerboard Recycling Processes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12244447. [PMID: 36558303 PMCID: PMC9786856 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The hornification processes undergone by the fibers in the paper industry recycling processes lead to the loss of properties of the final products, which exhibit poor mechanical properties. Among the most promising solutions is the reinforcement of secondary fibers with cellulose nanofibers. The present work addresses two important issues: the efficient production of cellulose nanofibers from scarcely exploited agricultural wastes such as horticultural residues and vine shoots, and their application as a reinforcement agent in recycled linerboard recycling processes. The effect of the chemical composition and the pretreatment used on the nanofibrillation efficiency of the fibers was analyzed. Chemical pretreatment allowed a significantly higher nanofibrillated fraction (45−63%) than that produced by mechanical (18−38%), as well as higher specific surface areas (>430 m2/g). The application of the nanofibers as a reinforcing agent in the recycled linerboard considerably improved the mechanical properties (improvements of 15% for breaking length, 220−240% for Young’s modulus and 27% for tear index), counteracting the loss of mechanical properties suffered during recycling when using chemically pretreated cellulose nanofibers from horticultural residues and vine shoots. It was concluded that this technology surpasses the mechanical reinforcement produced by conventional mechanical refining used in the industry and extends the number of recycling cycles of the products due to the non-physical modification of the fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge De Haro-Niza
- BioPrEn Group (RNM940), Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esther Rincón
- BioPrEn Group (RNM940), Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Zoilo Gonzalez
- BioPrEn Group (RNM940), Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Espinosa
- BioPrEn Group (RNM940), Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- BioPrEn Group (RNM940), Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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13
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Re A, Mazzoli R. Current progress on engineering microbial strains and consortia for production of cellulosic butanol through consolidated bioprocessing. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:238-261. [PMID: 36168663 PMCID: PMC9871528 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, fermentative production of n-butanol has regained substantial interest mainly owing to its use as drop-in-fuel. The use of lignocellulose as an alternative to traditional acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation feedstocks (starchy biomass and molasses) can significantly increase the economic competitiveness of biobutanol over production from non-renewable sources (petroleum). However, the low cost of lignocellulose is offset by its high recalcitrance to biodegradation which generally requires chemical-physical pre-treatment and multiple bioreactor-based processes. The development of consolidated processing (i.e., single-pot fermentation) can dramatically reduce lignocellulose fermentation costs and promote its industrial application. Here, strategies for developing microbial strains and consortia that feature both efficient (hemi)cellulose depolymerization and butanol production will be depicted, that is, rational metabolic engineering of native (hemi)cellulolytic or native butanol-producing or other suitable microorganisms; protoplast fusion of (hemi)cellulolytic and butanol-producing strains; and co-culture of (hemi)cellulolytic and butanol-producing microbes. Irrespective of the fermentation feedstock, biobutanol production is inherently limited by the severe toxicity of this solvent that challenges process economic viability. Hence, an overview of strategies for developing butanol hypertolerant strains will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Re
- Centre for Sustainable Future TechnologiesFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaTorinoItaly,Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoTurinItaly
| | - Roberto Mazzoli
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
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14
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Valuable aramid/cellulose nanofibers derived from recycled resources for reinforcing carbon fiber/phenolic composites. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119712. [PMID: 35725188 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The scale-up preparation of aramid nanofiber (ANF) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF), still faces serious challenges such as extreme production cost and lengthy preparation cycle. Herein, a feasible top-down strategy was proposed to achieve the efficient reclamation of waste resources, further realizing the large-scale production of high value-added nanofibers. The ANF/CNF as nanoscale building blocks and their reinforcement effects on the mechanical performances of carbon fiber/phenolic composites were investigated. Related strength and modulus of ANF/CNF-enhanced composites in the tensile, bending, shear and nano indentation tests, increased by 118.1% (tensile strength), 141.2% (tensile modulus), 142.2% (flexural strength), 354.4% (flexural modulus), 38.8% (shear strength) and 94.4% (elastic modulus), respectively. Our work offers a valuable reference in the fabrication of low-cost ANF/CNF derived from waste resources, which would facilitate the wide application of nanofibers in fabricating high-performance advanced functional materials.
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15
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Mnasri A, Dhaouadi H, Khiari R, Halila S, Mauret E. Effects of Deep Eutectic Solvents on cellulosic fibres and paper properties: Green “chemical” refining. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Xi J, Lou Y, Jiang S, Dai H, Yang P, Zhou X, Fang G, Wu W. High flux composite membranes based on glass/cellulose fibers for efficient oil-water emulsion separation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Rahman S, Uddin AJ. Unusable cotton spinning mill waste: A viable source of raw material in paper making. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10055. [PMID: 35992009 PMCID: PMC9382273 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the reserves of natural renewable resources are being inexorably diminished, the utilization of the recoverable waste in new area is gaining global attention day by day. Besides, as the cost of raw materials constitutes the majority of a production cost, the usage of undesirable but inevitable processing waste in the manufacturing process provides a considerable advantage to the manufacturers. Herein, it has been attempted to exploit unusable cotton spinning mill waste (filter waste derived from humidification plant) to convert it into paper. Handsheets of 70 g/m2 and 80 g/m2 were successfully produced from 100% cotton waste, 100% bleached cotton waste, and blends of bleached cotton waste with bleached hardwood kraft pulp (HWKP) (HWKP is typically used to produce commercial-grade papers). Morphologies and mechanical properties of handsheets were thoroughly investigated by whiteness index, brightness%, breaking length, tear index, bursting index, FTIR spectroscopy, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope. Based on detailed observations, it is summarized that the produced handsheets, depending on the chemical treatment and blend ratio with HWKP, possess variations in appearances and properties that will have a wide range of potential applications from newsprint, tissue paper to commercial-grade writing and printing papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadikur Rahman
- Department of Textile Engineering, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, Nayarhat, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Jalal Uddin
- Department of Yarn Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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18
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Khan R, Jolly R, Fatima T, Shakir M. Extraction processes for deriving cellulose: A comprehensive review on green approaches. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruheen Khan
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - Reshma Jolly
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - Tooba Fatima
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - Mohammad Shakir
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
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19
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Anisa N, Darmadi DB, Sugiono S, Ngafwan N, Effendy M, Wardana I. The Role of Carica Papaya Latex Bio-Catalyst in Recycling of Used Fibre Pulp. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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20
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Wu R, Liu W, Li L, Ren Q, Jiang C, Hou Q. Combination of hydrothermal and chemi-mechanical pretreatments to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar branches and insights on cellulase adsorption. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126024. [PMID: 34600090 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An integration of different pretreatments is important to overcome recalcitrance and realize efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. This study aims at the effects of combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and different chemi-mechanical pretreatments on enzymatic hydrolysis, and understanding the enzymes adsorption mechanism. The combination of hydrothermal and chemi-mechanical pretreatments effectively improved the enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar substrates, in which the enzymatic hydrolysis of substrates pretreated by hydrothermal pretreatment + Fenton pretreatment + mechanical refining (HFM) was the highest (92.39% of glucose conversion yield, and 20.88 g/L of glucose concentration). The substrates' main characteristics were obviously changed after combined pretreatments, such as swelling ability and specific surface area of substrates were increased. The Langmuir adsorption model (R2 > 0.98) and pseudo second-order adsorption kinetic model (R2≈1) were well suitable to describe the adsorption of enzymes on substrates, meanwhile the adsorption mechanism was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Long Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chuang Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qingxi Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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21
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Bilek MA, Salem HJ, Korehei R, Olson JA. Recycling Paper-Plastic laminate coffee cups using a Single-Disk Refiner: Energy requirements and recovered fiber quality. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 136:104-112. [PMID: 34655864 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over 64 billion paper-plastic laminate (PPL) coffee cups are consumed between the United States and Canada annually, the majority accumulating in landfills due to a hydrophobic plastic inner-lining. Recycling can mitigate environmental damage and provide economic value from repurposed products. We found that standard repulping methods were insufficient to separate fiber from plastic due to the low intensity of treatment. To increase process intensity, we mechanically refined shredded PPL coffee cups and Kraft eucalyptus sheets (control) at 2%, 3%, and 4% consistencies with three passes to determine the energy required to separate fibers from plastic and the effects on fiber quality. 2% and 3% consistency PPL cups measured under 40 kWh/tonne of input material for one refiner pass and ∼ 80 kWh/tonne for 4% consistency PPL cups. Recovered fiber fraction totaled 87.7%, 85.3%, and 80.5% of input mass of Kraft eucalyptus and 72.3%, 72.6%, and 79.6% of input mass of PPL cups at 2%, 3%, and 4% consistency, respectively. Fines content of PPL cups jumped from 8% pre-refining to ∼ 30% post-refining while Kraft eucalyptus fibers were unaffected, suggesting that breaking the plastic-fiber bonds results in fines generation. Mean fiber length of PPL cups slightly decreased with consistency and tensile strength improved. Freeness decreased with consistency only in PPL cup samples. These results demonstrate a low energy requirement to effectively separate fiber and plastics in PPL cups as well as minimal impact on fiber quality using existing refining technology, and provides an estimate of the financial costs of local recycling efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Bilek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pulp and Paper Centre, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Hayder J Salem
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Australian College Kuwait, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Reza Korehei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pulp and Paper Centre, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - James A Olson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pulp and Paper Centre, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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22
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Impact of shredding degree on papermaking potential of recycled waste. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17528. [PMID: 34471150 PMCID: PMC8410872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of paper products depend on the structure of the cellulose fibres therein. Although fibre properties in virgin pulps can be modified by a refining process, this is more difficult in pulp from recovered fibre, particularly waste from office shredders that tend to shorten fibres during shredding. The shorter fibres in shredded paper make it difficult to easily reconstitute them into high-quality paper products. Moreover, because of high energy usage during the recycling process and transportation inefficiencies, there is a need to determine how to responsibly shred paper to alleviate this environmental burden. With this in mind, the influence of initial fibre length on the tensile properties of paper was investigated. Changes in initial fibre length significantly influenced many pulp and paper properties. It was found that cutting the paper into pieces with an area less than 25 mm2 caused significant changes in the important morphological parameters of the fibres and a sharp decrease in the tensile properties of the reconstituted paper.
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23
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Ganicz T, Rozga-Wijas K. Siloxane-Starch-Based Hydrophobic Coating for Multiple Recyclable Cellulosic Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174977. [PMID: 34501067 PMCID: PMC8433969 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The results of the application of a new hydrophobization agent based on a triethoxymethylsilane and standard starch aqueous mixture for mass-produced cellulosic materials—printing paper, paperboard, and sack paper—have been evaluated to examine whether such a mixture can be used in industrial practice. The application of this agent on laboratory sheets prepared in a repetitive recycling process was performed to investigate its influence on the formation and properties of the products, as well as the contamination of circulating water. Measurements of the water contact angle, Cobb tests, and water penetration dynamics (PDA) were performed to test the barrier properties of the resulting materials. The effects of the applied coatings and recycling process on the paper’s tensile strength, tear index, roughness, air permeance, and ISO brightness were studied. Studies have proven that this formulation imparts relatively high surface hydrophobicity to all materials tested (contact angles above 100°) and a significant improvement in barrier properties while maintaining good mechanical and optical performance. The agent also does not interfere with the pulping and re-forming processes during recycling and increases circulation water contamination to an acceptable degree. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of the paper samples revealed the presence of a polysiloxane network on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Ganicz
- Center of Papermaking and Printing, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426-313-807
| | - Krystyna Rozga-Wijas
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Lodz, Poland;
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24
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Kamdem Tamo A, Doench I, Walter L, Montembault A, Sudre G, David L, Morales-Helguera A, Selig M, Rolauffs B, Bernstein A, Hoenders D, Walther A, Osorio-Madrazo A. Development of Bioinspired Functional Chitosan/Cellulose Nanofiber 3D Hydrogel Constructs by 3D Printing for Application in the Engineering of Mechanically Demanding Tissues. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1663. [PMID: 34065272 PMCID: PMC8160918 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissues are commonly fiber-reinforced hydrogel composite structures, distinguishable from hard tissues by their low mineral and high water content. In this work, we proposed the development of 3D printed hydrogel constructs of the biopolymers chitosan (CHI) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), both without any chemical modification, which processing did not incorporate any chemical crosslinking. The unique mechanical properties of native cellulose nanofibers offer new strategies for the design of environmentally friendly high mechanical performance composites. In the here proposed 3D printed bioinspired CNF-filled CHI hydrogel biomaterials, the chitosan serves as a biocompatible matrix promoting cell growth with balanced hydrophilic properties, while the CNFs provide mechanical reinforcement to the CHI-based hydrogel. By means of extrusion-based printing (EBB), the design and development of 3D functional hydrogel scaffolds was achieved by using low concentrations of chitosan (2.0-3.0% (w/v)) and cellulose nanofibers (0.2-0.4% (w/v)). CHI/CNF printed hydrogels with good mechanical performance (Young's modulus 3.0 MPa, stress at break 1.5 MPa, and strain at break 75%), anisotropic microstructure and suitable biological response, were achieved. The CHI/CNF composition and processing parameters were optimized in terms of 3D printability, resolution, and quality of the constructs (microstructure and mechanical properties), resulting in good cell viability. This work allows expanding the library of the so far used biopolymer compositions for 3D printing of mechanically performant hydrogel constructs, purely based in the natural polymers chitosan and cellulose, offering new perspectives in the engineering of mechanically demanding hydrogel tissues like intervertebral disc (IVD), cartilage, meniscus, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Kamdem Tamo
- Laboratory for Sensors, Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (A.K.T.); (I.D.); (L.W.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center—FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies—FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Doench
- Laboratory for Sensors, Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (A.K.T.); (I.D.); (L.W.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center—FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies—FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Walter
- Laboratory for Sensors, Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (A.K.T.); (I.D.); (L.W.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center—FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies—FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Montembault
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP UMR 5223—CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CEDEX, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (A.M.); (G.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Guillaume Sudre
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP UMR 5223—CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CEDEX, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (A.M.); (G.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Laurent David
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP UMR 5223—CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CEDEX, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (A.M.); (G.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Aliuska Morales-Helguera
- Chemical Bioactive Center CBQ, Molecular Simulation and Drug Design Group, Central University of Las Villas, Santa Clara 50400, Cuba;
| | - Mischa Selig
- Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis—G.E.R.N., Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (M.S.); (B.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis—G.E.R.N., Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (M.S.); (B.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Anke Bernstein
- Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis—G.E.R.N., Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (M.S.); (B.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- Department of Chemistry, University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (D.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Andreas Walther
- Department of Chemistry, University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (D.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Anayancy Osorio-Madrazo
- Laboratory for Sensors, Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (A.K.T.); (I.D.); (L.W.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center—FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies—FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Marquez-Bravo S, Doench I, Molina P, Bentley FE, Tamo AK, Passieux R, Lossada F, David L, Osorio-Madrazo A. Functional Bionanocomposite Fibers of Chitosan Filled with Cellulose Nanofibers Obtained by Gel Spinning. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101563. [PMID: 34068136 PMCID: PMC8152965 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely high mechanical performance spun bionanocomposite fibers of chitosan (CHI), and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were successfully achieved by gel spinning of CHI aqueous viscous formulations filled with CNFs. The microstructural characterization of the fibers by X-ray diffraction revealed the crystallization of the CHI polymer chains into anhydrous chitosan allomorph. The spinning process combining acidic-basic-neutralization-stretching-drying steps allowed obtaining CHI/CNF composite fibers of high crystallinity, with enhanced effect at incorporating the CNFs. Chitosan crystallization seems to be promoted by the presence of cellulose nanofibers, serving as nucleation sites for the growing of CHI crystals. Moreover, the preferential orientation of both CNFs and CHI crystals along the spun fiber direction was revealed in the two-dimensional X-ray diffraction patterns. By increasing the CNF amount up to the optimum concentration of 0.4 wt % in the viscous CHI/CNF collodion, Young's modulus of the spun fibers significantly increased up to 8 GPa. Similarly, the stress at break and the yield stress drastically increased from 115 to 163 MPa, and from 67 to 119 MPa, respectively, by adding only 0.4 wt % of CNFs into a collodion solution containing 4 wt % of chitosan. The toughness of the CHI-based fibers thereby increased from 5 to 9 MJ.m-3. For higher CNFs contents like 0.5 wt %, the high mechanical performance of the CHI/CNF composite fibers was still observed, but with a slight worsening of the mechanical parameters, which may be related to a minor disruption of the CHI matrix hydrogel network constituting the collodion and gel fiber, as precursor state for the dry fiber formation. Finally, the rheological behavior observed for the different CHI/CNF viscous collodions and the obtained structural, thermal and mechanical properties results revealed an optimum matrix/filler compatibility and interface when adding 0.4 wt % of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) into 4 wt % CHI formulations, yielding functional bionanocomposite fibers of outstanding mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Marquez-Bravo
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.-B.); (I.D.); (P.M.); (F.E.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Doench
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.-B.); (I.D.); (P.M.); (F.E.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pamela Molina
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.-B.); (I.D.); (P.M.); (F.E.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Flor Estefany Bentley
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.-B.); (I.D.); (P.M.); (F.E.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arnaud Kamdem Tamo
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.-B.); (I.D.); (P.M.); (F.E.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Renaud Passieux
- Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP, CNRS UMR 5223, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (R.P.); (L.D.)
| | | | - Laurent David
- Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP, CNRS UMR 5223, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (R.P.); (L.D.)
| | - Anayancy Osorio-Madrazo
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.-B.); (I.D.); (P.M.); (F.E.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-203-67363
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26
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Wu J, Kim KH, Jeong K, Kim D, Kim CS, Ha JM, Chandra RP, Saddler JN. The production of lactic acid from chemi-thermomechanical pulps using a chemo-catalytic approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 324:124664. [PMID: 33454446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that sulfonation and oxidation of chemi-thermomechanical pulps (CTMPs) significantly enhanced enzyme accessibility to cellulose while recovering the majority of carbohydrates in the water-insoluble component. In the work reported here, modified (sulfonated and oxidized) CTMPs derived from hard-and-softwoods were used to produce a DL-mix of lactic acid via a chemo-catalytic approach using lanthanide triflate (Ln (OTf)3) catalysts (Ln = La, Nd, Er, and Yb). It was apparent that sulfonation and oxidation of chemi-thermomechanical pulps (CTMPs) also enhanced Ln(OTf)3 catalyst accessibility to the carbohydrate components of the pulps, with the Er(OTf)3 catalysts resulting in significant lactic acid production. Under optimum conditions (250 °C, 60 min, 0.5 mmol catalyst g-1 biomass), 72% and 67% of the respective total carbohydrate present in the hard-and-softwood CTMPs could be converted to lactic acid compared to the respective 59% and 51% yields obtained after energy-intensive ball milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
| | - Chang Soo Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Myeong Ha
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard P Chandra
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Jack N Saddler
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada.
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Filipova I, Irbe I, Spade M, Skute M, Dāboliņa I, Baltiņa I, Vecbiskena L. Mechanical and Air Permeability Performance of Novel Biobased Materials from Fungal Hyphae and Cellulose Fibers. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010136. [PMID: 33396884 PMCID: PMC7795264 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Novel biobased materials from fungal hyphae and cellulose fibers have been proposed to address the increasing demand for natural materials in personal protective equipment (PPE). Materials containing commercially available kraft fibers (KF), laboratory-made highly fibrillated hemp fibers (HF) and fungal fibers (FF) obtained from fruiting bodies of lignicolous basidiomycetes growing in nature were prepared using paper production techniques and evaluated for their mechanical and air permeability properties. SEM and microscopy revealed the network structure of materials. The tensile index of materials was in the range of 8–60 Nm/g and air permeability ranged from 32–23,990 mL/min, depending on the composition of materials. HF was the key component for strength; however, the addition of FF to compositions resulted in higher air permeability. Chemical composition analysis (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) revealed the presence of natural polysaccharides, mainly cellulose and chitin, as well as the appropriate elemental distribution of components C, H and N. Biodegradation potential was proven by a 30-day-long composting in substrate, which resulted in an 8–62% drop in the C/N ratio. Conclusions were drawn about the appropriateness of fungal hyphae for use in papermaking-like technologies together with cellulose fibers. Developed materials can be considered as an alternative to synthetic melt and spun-blown materials for PPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inese Filipova
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (I.I.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilze Irbe
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (I.I.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Martins Spade
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (I.I.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Marite Skute
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (I.I.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Inga Dāboliņa
- Research Laboratory of Ergonomics Electrical Technologies, Institute of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Environmental Engineering, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 1-102, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Ilze Baltiņa
- Institute of Design Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Kipsalas 6-222, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Linda Vecbiskena
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (I.I.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (L.V.)
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Amini E, Hafez I, Tajvidi M, Bousfield DW. Cellulose and lignocellulose nanofibril suspensions and films: A comparison. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:117011. [PMID: 33049872 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study on the morphology and physico-mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) produced using a pilot-scale ultra-refining facility in the form of slurries and films was conducted. Suspensions and films of CNF and LCNF at different fines contents from 50% to 100% were prepared from bleached kraft pulp and old corrugated container (OCC) feedstock, respectively. We showed that the effect of film density on mechanical properties of CNF and LCNF films can outweigh the effect of fines content (or degree of fibrillation) and consequently an equally strong and stiff film can be produced from lower grades of CNF or LCNF at higher densities. After density normalization, particle size was found to be the main determining factor. Finally we conclude that a CNF or LCNF suspension with 70 % fines will yield films as strong and stiff as the materials with 100 % fines providing an opportunity for cost reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezatollah Amini
- Laboratory of Renewable Nanomaterials, School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Islam Hafez
- Laboratory of Renewable Nanomaterials, School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Mehdi Tajvidi
- Laboratory of Renewable Nanomaterials, School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Douglas W Bousfield
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
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Zhurkov's Stress-Driven Fracture as a Driving Force of the Microcrystalline Cellulose Formation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122952. [PMID: 33322007 PMCID: PMC7763273 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a chemically pure product of cellulose mechano-chemical conversion. It is a white powder composed of the short fragments of the plant cells widely used in the modern food industry and pharmaceutics. The acid hydrolysis of the bleached lignin-free cellulose raw is the main and necessary stage of MCC production. For this reason, the acid hydrolysis is generally accepted to be the driving force of the fragmentation of the initial cellulose fibers into MCC particles. However, the low sensibility of the MCC properties to repeating the hydrolysis forces doubting this point of view. The sharp, cleave-looking edges of the MCC particles suggesting the initial cellulose fibers were fractured; hence the hydrolysis made them brittle. Zhurkov showed that mechanical stress decreases the activation energy of the polymer fracture, which correlates with the elevated enthalpy of the MCC thermal destruction compared to the initial cellulose.
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30
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Kumar A, Ram C, Tazeb A. Enzyme-assisted pulp refining: an energy saving approach. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Energy conservation has become an essential step in pulp and paper industry due to diminishing fossil reserves and high cost of energy. Refining is a mechanical treatment of pulp that modifies the structure of the fibres in order to achieve desired paper-making properties. However, it consumes considerable amount of energy. The electrical power consumption has a direct impact on paper manufacturing cost. Therefore, there is a requirement to minimize the energy cost. Enzyme-assisted refining is the environment friendly option that reduces the energy consumption for papermaking. Enzyme-assisted refining is defined as mechanical refining after pretreatment of pulp with enzymes such as cellulases and hemicellulases. It not only reduces the energy consumption but also improves the quality of finished paper. Enzymes improve the beatability of pulp at same refining degree (°SR) and desired paper properties can be achieved at decreased refining time. The selection of suitable enzyme, optimization of enzyme dose and appropriate reaction time are the key factors for energy reduction and pulp quality improvement during enzyme-assisted refining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology , College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University , Debre Markos , Ethiopia
| | - Chhotu Ram
- Department of Chemical Engineering , College of Engineering and Technology Adigrat University , Adigrat , Ethiopia
| | - Adebabay Tazeb
- Department of Biotechnology , College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University , Debre Markos , Ethiopia
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31
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Li K, Zhao L, He B. Probing Effect of Papirindustriens Forskningsinstitut (PFI) Refining on Aggregation Structure of Cellulose: Crystal Packing and Hydrogen-Bonding Network. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2912. [PMID: 33291740 PMCID: PMC7761889 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular structure is the critical factor that affects the properties of cellulosic fibers. This article studied the action of Papirindustriens forskningsinstitut (PFI) refining on the molecular aggregation and hydrogen bonding network, and tried to explore the relationship between the crystal packing and hydrogen-bonding network in cellulosic fibers. The results showed that the polymorph, H-bonding distance, and H-bonding energy of various H-bonds remained almost unchanged, while the crystalline index, crystallite size, and content of various H-bonds changed with refining. Therein, the content of the inter-molecular O(6)H⋯O(3') H-bonds was significantly correlated with the crystalline index that was obtained in intensities of the XRD peaks. The Pearson correlation coefficient between them was 0.888 (p < 0.05) for softwood fibers and 0.889 (p < 0.05) for hardwood fibers, respectively. It can be concluded that the variations of accessibility, swelling, and fibrillation were closely related to the supramolecular structure and the intermolecular H-bonds play an important role in the crystal packing of cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Rd., Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China; (K.L.); (B.H.)
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32
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Micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose from virgin and recycled fibers: A comparative study of its effects on the properties of hygiene tissue paper. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117430. [PMID: 33357905 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to understand the effect of micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC) on the tensile index, softness, and water absorbency of tissue paper. MNFC was produced from four different fiber sources. The results show that MNFC acts as an effective strength enhancer at the expense of a reduced water absorbency and softness. The impact of the fiber source on MNFC manufacturing cost and the trade-off with performance was also investigated. MNFCs produced from southern bleached hardwood kraft, northern bleached softwood kraft, and deinked pulp exhibited similar performance trends with the MNFC from the deinked pulp having a significantly lower cost. This suggests that MNFCs with similar degrees of fibrillation may be used interchangeably regardless of the fiber source, revealing the possibility to minimize MNFC manufacturing costs based on fiber selection. MNFC produced from bleached Eucalyptus kraft showed the lowest degree of fibrillation and the lowest strength improvements among the MNFCs evaluated.
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33
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Liu W, Wu R, Hu Y, Ren Q, Hou Q, Ni Y. Improving enzymatic hydrolysis of mechanically refined poplar branches with assistance of hydrothermal and Fenton pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123920. [PMID: 32763803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The combination of different pretreatment methods can effectively overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass to ensure its highly efficient conversion into bio-based products. In this study, the combined pretreatments of chemical methods (hydrothermal treatment and Fenton treatment) with mechanical refining were used to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of poplar branches. The results indicated that hydrothermal pretreatment and Fenton pretreatment can effectively improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar substrates, e.g., the maximum glucose conversion yield and glucose concentration reached 92.4% and 20.8 g/L, respectively. The pre-hydrolysates contained some valuable components such as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, acetic acid, furfural, and hydroxymethylfurfural. The main characteristics (specific surface area, water retention value, fines content, and surface lignin concentration) of poplar substrates were obviously changed by the combined pretreatment, which benefit the enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Ruijie Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qingxi Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
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34
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TOGA feature selection and the prediction of mechanical properties of paper from the Raman spectra of unrefined pulp. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:8401-8415. [PMID: 33106946 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Process-monitoring laboratories in the pulp and paper industry generally use a combination of wet chemical analyses and physical measurements to certify the fitness of a production pulp for a specific end-use. These laboratory tests require time and the effort of trained personnel, limiting their utility for real-time process control. Here we show that Raman probes of unrefined cellulosic pulps, well-suited to the online measurement of in-process materials, can predict the quality attributes of manufactured papers. The accuracy of prediction improves when the covariance is modelled in a reduced measurement space selected by a data-driven, feature-selection technique referred to as a Template Oriented Genetic Algorithm (TOGA). TOGA, combined with discrete wavelet transform (DWT), isolates functional-group features that correlate best with mechanical properties paper derived from refined pulp. Paper makers refine market pulps to build sheet strength using a beating process that decreases freeness as it increases fibre-fibre bonding. Methods demonstrated here predict manufactured sheet properties obtainable after any specified degree of refining from the Raman spectrum of an unrefined pulp. This analysis capacity will enable both vendors of market pulp and makers of sheet paper to specify in advance the amount of beating required to produce a desired product, thereby saving cost and conserving resources.
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35
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Cellulose Nanofibers from a Dutch Elm Disease-Resistant Ulmus minor Clone. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112450. [PMID: 33113940 PMCID: PMC7690703 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of elm wood in lignocellulosic industries has been hindered by the Dutch elm disease (DED) pandemics, which have ravaged European and North American elm groves in the last century. However, the selection of DED-resistant cultivars paves the way for their use as feedstock in lignocellulosic biorefineries. Here, the production of cellulose nanofibers from the resistant Ulmus minor clone Ademuz was evaluated for the first time. Both mechanical (PFI refining) and chemical (TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-mediated oxidation) pretreatments were assessed prior to microfluidization, observing not only easier fibrillation but also better optical and barrier properties for elm nanopapers compared to eucalyptus ones (used as reference). Furthermore, mechanically pretreated samples showed higher strength for elm nanopapers. Although lower nanofibrillation yields were obtained by mechanical pretreatment, nanofibers showed higher thermal, mechanical and barrier properties, compared to TEMPO-oxidized nanofibers. Furthermore, lignin-containing elm nanofibers presented the most promising characteristics, with slightly lower transparencies.
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36
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Analysis of Cellulose Pulp Characteristics and Processing Parameters for Efficient Paper Production. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12177219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For economic reasons, increasing the use of various fibrous pulps with high lignin contents—i.e., chemothermomechanical pulp (BCTMP and CTMP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP), and semichemical pulp—is desirable. The relatively good quality and increased efficiency of these pulps make them attractive paper semi-products. In particular, they could alleviate the severe shortage of paper semi-products. Although mechanical pulp and semichemical pulp are achieving increasing quality with substantially increased wood efficiency, their production is often characterised by high consumption of electricity to defibre chips or refine high-lignin-content fibrous pulps. Technological, environmental, and economic evaluations of the manufacture and application of increased efficiency cellulose pulps that take into account potential profits from increased cellulose pulp efficiency and losses due to energy costs and degradation in the properties of the resulting paper are relevant and essential to paper mills. This article reports such an analysis. The authors have analysed the usable properties of ten cellulose pulps with various degrees of digestion and identified the optimum pulp that yields the optimum product properties, considering the yield; pulp refining time, which determines the cost of paper manufacture; and strength properties of the obtained paper.
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37
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Goudarzi S, Shekaramiz M, Omidvar A, Golab E, Karimipour A, Karimipour A. Nanoparticles migration due to thermophoresis and Brownian motion and its impact on Ag-MgO/Water hybrid nanofluid natural convection. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Haske-Cornelius O, Hartmann A, Brunner F, Pellis A, Bauer W, Nyanhongo GS, Guebitz GM. Effects of enzymes on the refining of different pulps. J Biotechnol 2020; 320:1-10. [PMID: 32553829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Comparative studies of the effects of two commercial enzyme formulations on fiber refining were conducted. Extensive basic characterisation of the enzymes involved, assessment of their hydrolytic activities on different model substrates as well as on different pulps (softwood sulfate, softwood sulfite, hardwood sulfate) were evaluated. Both enzyme formulations showed endoglucanase as well as some xylanase and β-glucosidase activity. In addition, Enzyme A reached a CMC end viscosity of 19.5 mPa compared to 11.1 mPa for Enzyme B. Reducing sugar release almost doubled from 695 μmol mL-1 for hardwood sulfate pulp to 1300 μmol mL-1 for softwood sulfite pulp with Enzyme B under the same conditions. Enzyme A increased the degree of refining even under non-ideal conditions from 23 °SR to up to 50 °SR. Further characterization of hand sheets, made from enzyme pre-treated and refined cellulose fibers with Enzyme A and B, showed that Enzyme A had the best effects leading to hand sheets with increased tensile strength and low air permeability. In summary, the increase in the degree of refining seen for Enzyme A correlated to higher xylanase and β-glucosidase activity and lower endoglucanase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Haske-Cornelius
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Alexandra Hartmann
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Florian Brunner
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Gibson S Nyanhongo
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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39
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Singh S, Dutt D, Mishra NC. Cotton pulp for bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:2094-2113. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1793872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Singh
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Dharm Dutt
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Narayan Chand Mishra
- Polymer & Process Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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40
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Janošovský J, Variny M, Mierka O. Cost‐Saving Opportunities in the Energy Management of Papermaking Processes. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ján Janošovský
- Slovak University of TechnologyInstitute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Variny
- Slovak University of TechnologyInstitute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Otto Mierka
- Slovak University of TechnologyInstitute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
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41
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Optimization Based Methods for Solving the Equilibrium Problems with Applications in Variational Inequality Problems and Solution of Nash Equilibrium Models. MATHEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/math8050822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose two modified two-step proximal methods that are formed through the proximal-like mapping and inertial effect for solving two classes of equilibrium problems. A weak convergence theorem for the first method and the strong convergence result of the second method are well established based on the mild condition on a bifunction. Such methods have the advantage of not involving any line search procedure or any knowledge of the Lipschitz-type constants of the bifunction. One practical reason is that the stepsize involving in these methods is updated based on some previous iterations or uses a stepsize sequence that is non-summable. We consider the well-known Nash–Cournot equilibrium models to support our well-established convergence results and see the advantage of the proposed methods over other well-known methods.
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42
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Biocatalysis of Industrial Kraft Pulps: Similarities and Differences between Hardwood and Softwood Pulps in Hydrolysis by Enzyme Complex of Penicillium verruculosum. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kraft pulp enzymatic hydrolysis is a promising method of woody biomass bioconversion. The influence of composition and structure of kraft fibers on their hydrolysis efficiency was evaluated while using four substrates, unbleached hardwood pulp (UHP), unbleached softwood pulp (USP), bleached hardwood pulp (BHP), and bleached softwood pulp (BSP). Hydrolysis was carried out with Penicillium verruculosum enzyme complex at a dosage of 10 filter paper units (FPU)/g pulp. The changes in fiber morphology and structure were visualized while using optical and electron microscopy. Fiber cutting and swelling and quick xylan destruction were the main processes at the beginning of hydrolysis. The negative effect of lignin content was more pronounced for USP. Drying decreased the sugar yield of dissolved hydrolysis products for all kraft pulps. Fiber morphology, different xylan and mannan content, and hemicelluloses localization in kraft fibers deeply affected the hydrolyzability of bleached pulps. The introduction of additional xylobiase, mannanase, and cellobiohydrolase activities to enzyme mixture will further improve the hydrolysis of bleached pulps. A high efficiency of never-dried bleached pulp bioconversion was shown. At 10% substrate concentration, hydrolysates with more than 50 g/L sugar concentration were obtained. The bioconversion of never-dried BHP and BSP could be integrated into working kraft pulp mills.
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Pirzada T, Mathew R, Guenther RH, Sit TL, Opperman CH, Pal L, Khan SA. Tailored Lignocellulose-Based Biodegradable Matrices with Effective Cargo Delivery for Crop Protection. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:6590-6600. [PMID: 32391214 PMCID: PMC7201397 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release and targeted delivery of agrochemicals are crucial for achieving effective crop protection with minimal damage to the environment. This work presents an innovative and cost-effective approach to fabricate lignocellulose-based biodegradable porous matrices capable of slow and sustained release of the loaded molecules for effective crop protection. The matrix exhibits tunable physicochemical properties which, when coupled with our unique "wrap-and-plant" concept, help to utilize it as a defense against soil-borne pests while providing controlled release of crop protection moieties. The tailored matrix is produced by mechanical treatment of the lignocellulosic fibers obtained from banana plants. The effect of different extents of mechanical treatments of the lignocellulosic fibers on the protective properties of the developed matrices is systematically investigated. While variation in mechanical treatment affects the morphology, strength, and porosity of the matrices, the specific composition and structure of the fibers are also capable of influencing their release profile. To corroborate this hypothesis, the effect of morphology and lignin content changes on the release of rhodamine B and abamectin as model cargos is investigated. These results, compared with those of the matrices developed from non-banana fibrous sources, reveal a unique release profile of the matrices developed from banana fibers, thereby making them strong candidates for crop protection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Pirzada
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Engineering Building 1, Box 7905, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Reny Mathew
- Department
of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North
Carolina State University, 840 Method Road, Unit 4, Box 7903, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7903, United States
| | - Richard H. Guenther
- Department
of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North
Carolina State University, Varsity Research Building, Module 3, 1575 Varsity Drive, Box 7616, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7616, United States
| | - Tim L. Sit
- Department
of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North
Carolina State University, Varsity Research Building, Module 3, 1575 Varsity Drive, Box 7616, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7616, United States
| | - Charles H. Opperman
- Department
of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North
Carolina State University, 840 Method Road, Unit 4, Box 7903, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7903, United States
| | - Lokendra Pal
- Department
of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State
University, 2820 Faucette
Drive, Room 3205 Biltmore Hall, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, United States
| | - Saad A. Khan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Engineering Building 1, Box 7905, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
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Skinner C, Baker P, Tomkinson J, Richards D, Charlton A. Pressurised disc refining of wheat straw as a pre-treatment approach for agricultural residues: A preliminary assessment of energy consumption and fibre composition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:122976. [PMID: 32066093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This preliminary study assesses a potential pre-treatment approach for agricultural residues, in order to improve enzyme access and cellulose digestibility that increased with increasing refining pressure. Wheat straw, an important European agri-residue, was chopped then refined at pilot-scale under different pressures (4-10 bar) and two refiner plate configurations. The most energy efficient runs used 0.94-0.96 kWh electricity; 8.9-11.0 MJ heat per kg dry matter fibre. A scaling factor specific to the machinery used in the trial suggested that wheat straw could be refined using approximately 160 kWh electricity and 980-1900 MJ heat per tonne DM yield at commercial-scale. Hemicellulose content in wheat straw at 31.8% decreased to the lowest level of 14.6% after refining at 10 bar. Pressurised disc refining did not appear to produce significant quantities of acetic acid, a key fermentation inhibitor, that could limit microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell Skinner
- The BioComposites Centre, Alun Roberts Building, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Paul Baker
- The BioComposites Centre, Alun Roberts Building, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Jeremy Tomkinson
- NNFCC, York Science Park, Innovation Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DG, UK
| | | | - Adam Charlton
- The BioComposites Centre, Alun Roberts Building, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
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Singh S, Dutt D, Kaur P, Singh H, Mishra NC. Microfibrous paper scaffold for tissue engineering application. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:1091-1106. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1740965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Singh
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Dharam Dutt
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Hemant Singh
- Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Narayan Chand Mishra
- Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Zhang WH, Wu J, Weng L, Zhang H, Zhang J, Wu A. Understanding the role of cellulose fiber on the dewaterability of simulated pulp and paper mill sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 702:134376. [PMID: 31726345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS) mainly consists of primary sludge and secondary sludge (activated sludge). Before the disposal and utilization of PPMS, it is dewatered due to high water content. Cellulose fiber is a key and characteristic component in PPMS. In this paper, the role of cellulose fiber on the dewaterability of simulated PPMS (the mixture of cellulose fibers and activated sludge) was investigated, including the fiber content, fiber length and fibrillation degree. The results showed that the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of simulated PPMS decreased with the increase of fiber content (0-30 w%) and also decreased with the decrease of average fiber length (0.597-0.303 mm) noticeably. However, the SRF increased dramatically when the average fiber length reduced further to 0.189 mm. The fiber fibrillation had no obvious effect on the sludge SRF. Besides, the addition of cellulose fiber had little impact on the sludge compressibility. The role of cellulose fiber in the PPMS is to form aggregates with high fiber-sludge adhesion and large floc size, which relieves the blinding effect and changes the permeability of sludge cake respectively, resulting in improving sludge filterability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Hangzhou Specialty Paper Industry Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 311407, PR China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Liangyu Weng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Anbo Wu
- Hangzhou Specialty Paper Industry Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 311407, PR China
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Liu W, Wu R, Wang B, Hu Y, Hou Q, Zhang P, Wu R. Comparative study on different pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of corncob residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122244. [PMID: 31627064 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Under the situation of increasingly severe challenge of energy consumption, it is of great importance to make full use of bioresources such as forestry and agricultural residues. Herein, the corncob residues generated after processing corncob were enzymatically hydrolyzed to yield fermentable sugars. To overcome the recalcitrance of corncob residues, three kinds of pretreatment methods, i.e., sulfonation, PFI refining, and wet grinding, were applied; their effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and main characteristics of corncob residues substrate were investigated. The results showed that the enzymatic digestibility of the substrate was greatly enhanced by employing each method. The wet grinding exhibited obvious advantages, e.g., the conversion yield of cellulose to glucose and glucose concentration reached 96.7% and 32.2 g/L after 59 h of enzymatic hydrolysis, respectively. The improvement in enzymatic hydrolysis was mainly attributed to the altered characteristics of the substrate such as swelling ability, specific surface area, and particle size and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredercton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Ruijie Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qingxi Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Rina Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Almonti D, Baiocco G, Tagliaferri V, Ucciardello N. Artificial Neural Network in Fibres Length Prediction for High Precision Control of Cellulose Refining. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223730. [PMID: 31726695 PMCID: PMC6888444 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Paper, a web of interconnected cellulose fibres, is widely used as a base substrate. It has been applied in several applications since it features interesting properties, such as renewability, biodegradability, recyclability, affordability and mechanical flexibility. Furthermore, it offers a broad possibility to modify its surface properties toward specifics additives. The fillers retention and the fibres bonding ability are heavily affected by the cellulose refining process that influences chemical and morphological features of the fibres. Several refining theories were developed in order to determine the best refining conditions. However, it is not trivial to control the cellulose refining as different phenomena occur simultaneously. Therefore, it is intuitively managed by experienced papermakers to improve paper structures and properties. An approach based on the machine learning aimed at estimating the effects of refining on the fibres morphology is proposed in this study. In particular, an artificial neural network (ANN) was implemented and trained with experimental data to predict the fibres length as a function of refining process variables. The prediction of this parameter is crucial to obtain a high-performance process in terms of effectiveness and the optimisation of the final product performance as a function of the process parameter. To achieve these results, data mining of the experimental patterns collected was exploited. It led to the achievement of excellent performance and high accuracy in fibres length prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Almonti
- Department of Enterprise Engineering “Mario Lucertini”, University “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; (D.A.); (V.T.)
| | - Gabriele Baiocco
- Department of Engineering, University “Roma Tre”, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Roma, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Tagliaferri
- Department of Enterprise Engineering “Mario Lucertini”, University “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; (D.A.); (V.T.)
| | - Nadia Ucciardello
- Department of Enterprise Engineering “Mario Lucertini”, University “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; (D.A.); (V.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-7259-7591
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Artificial neural network and partial least square regressions for rapid estimation of cellulose pulp dryness based on near infrared spectroscopic data. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Cheng MH, Dien BS, Lee DK, Singh V. Sugar production from bioenergy sorghum by using pilot scale continuous hydrothermal pretreatment combined with disk refining. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121663. [PMID: 31234074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical-free pretreatments are attracting increased interest because they generate less inhibitor in hydrolysates. In this study, pilot-scaled continuous hydrothermal (PCH) pretreatment followed by disk refining was evaluated and compared to laboratory-scale batch hot water (LHW) pretreatment. Bioenergy sorghum bagasse (BSB) was pretreated at 160-190 °C for 10 min with and without subsequent disk milling. Hydrothermal pretreatment and disk milling synergistically improved glucose and xylose release by 10-20% compared to hydrothermal pretreatment alone. Maximum yields of glucose and xylose of 82.55% and 70.78%, respectively were achieved, when BSB was pretreated at 190 °C and 180 °C followed by disk milling. LHW pretreated BSB had 5-15% higher sugar yields compared to PCH for all pretreatment conditions. The surface area improvement was also performed. PCH pretreatment combined with disk milling increased BSB surface area by 31.80-106.93%, which was greater than observed using LHW pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsun Cheng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bruce S Dien
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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