1
|
Lakshmana Senthil S. A comprehensive review to assess the potential, health benefits and complications of fucoidan for developing as functional ingredient and nutraceutical. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134226. [PMID: 39074709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from seaweeds or macroalgae are garnering significant interest from pharmaceutical and food industries due to their bioactivities and promising therapeutic effects. Among the diverse agal polysaccharides, fucoidan is a well-documented and stands out as a well-researched sulphated heteropolysaccharide found in brown seaweeds. It primarily consists of l-fucose and sulfate ester groups, along with other monosaccharides like xylose, mannose, uronic acid, rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose. Recent scientific investigations have unveiled the formidable inhibitory prowess of fucoidan against SARS-CoV-2, offering a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in our current landscape. Moreover, fucoidan has demonstrated remarkable abilities in safeguarding the gastrointestinal tract, regulating angiogenesis, mitigating metabolic syndrome, and fortifying bone health. Despite the abundance of studies underscoring fucoidan's potential as a vital component sourced from nature, its exploitation remains constrained by inherent limitations. Thus, the primary objective of this article is to furnish a comprehensive discourse on the structural attributes, health-enhancing properties, safety parameters, and potential toxicity associated with fucoidan. Furthermore, the discourse extends to elucidating the practical applications and developmental prospects of fucoidan as a cornerstone in the realm of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Collapse
|
2
|
Panwong S, Phinyo K, Duangjan K, Sattayawat P, Pekkoh J, Tragoolpua Y, Yenchitsomanus PT, Panya A. Inhibition of dengue virus infection in vitro by fucoidan and polysaccharide extract from marine alga Sargassum spp. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133496. [PMID: 38986999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection poses a global health threat, leading to severe conditions with the potential for critical outcomes. Currently, there are no specific drugs available whereas the vaccine does not offer comprehensive protection across all DENV serotypes. Therefore, the development of potential antiviral agents is necessary to reduce the severity risk and interrupt the transmission circuit. The search for effective antiviral agents against DENV has predominantly focused on natural resources, particularly those demonstrating diverse biological activities and high safety profiles. Cyanobacteria and algae including Leptolyngbya sp., Spirulina sp., Chlorella sp., and Sargassum spp., which are prevalent species in Thailand, have been reported for their diverse biological activities and high safety profiles. However, their anti-DENV activity has not been documented. In this study, the screening assay was performed to compare the antiviral activity against DENV of crude polysaccharide and ethanolic extracts derived from 4 species of cyanobacteria and algae in Vero cells. Polysaccharide extracts from Sargassum spp. were the most effective in inhibiting DENV-2 infection under co-infection conditions, where the virus was exposed to the extract at the time of infection. Treatment of the extract significantly reduced the ability of DENV to bind to the host cells to 47.87 ± 3.88 % while treatment upon virus binding step had no antiviral effect suggesting the underlaying mechanism of the extract on interfering virus binding step. Fucoidan, a key bioactive substance in Sargassum polysaccharide, showed to reduce DENV-2 infection to 26.59 ± 5.01 %, 20.46 ± 6.58 % under the co-infection condition in Vero and A549 cells, respectively. In accompanied with Sargassum polysaccharide, fucoidan disturbed the virus binding to the host cells. These findings warrant further development and exploration of the Sargassum-derived polysaccharide, fucoidan, as a promising candidate for combating DENV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suthida Panwong
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kittiya Phinyo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kritsana Duangjan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pachara Sattayawat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cell Engineering for Cancer Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jeeraporn Pekkoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Natural Extracts and Innovative Products for Alternative Healthcare Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Aussara Panya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Natural Extracts and Innovative Products for Alternative Healthcare Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cell Engineering for Cancer Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nguyen AN, Van Ngo Q, Quach TTM, Ueda S, Yuguchi Y, Matsumoto Y, Kitamura S, Ho CD, Thanh TTT. Fucoidan from brown seaweed Tubinaria decurrens: Structure and structure - anticancer activity relationship. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129326. [PMID: 38218264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The aims of this study are to determine the structure of a fucoidan from brown seaweed Turbinaria decurrens, to investigate its anticancer activity and structure-activity relationship. SEC-MALLS, IR, ESI-MS and NMR spectra analysis indicated that dominant structure of the fucoidan, with a Mw 122.6 KDa, has a backbone of (1 → 3)- and (1 → 4)-α-L-Fucp residues, branched at C-4, sulfate groups are attached at C-2, C-3 and C-4; branches are (1 → 4)-β-D-Galp residues and sulfated at C-2. The fucoidan was hydrolyzed by HCl aqueous solution to obtain hydrolyzed fucoidans. It is assumed that native and hydrolyzed fucoidans have a rod-like conformation in solution with cross-sectional radius of gyration (Rgc) ranged from 0.53 to 1.52 nm as estimated from SAXS measurements. The fucoidans show great anticancer activity against HT29 human colon cancer cell line with IC50 ranging from 5.41 ± 0.36 to 73.52 ± 2.54 μg/mL. Anticancer activity of the fucoidan could be significantly improved by lowering molecular weight, furthermore, fucoidan required small molecular weight, small molecular weight distribution and rod-like structure with a short branch length for high anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Ngoc Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Quang Van Ngo
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Thu Thi Minh Quach
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam.
| | - Suzuno Ueda
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Yuguchi
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Japan.
| | - Yuki Matsumoto
- International Polysaccharide Engineering Inc., Center for Research and Development of Bioresources, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Kitamura
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan.
| | - Cuong Duc Ho
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Viet Nam.
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Thanh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang J, Zhou X, Dong B, Tan H, Li Q, Zhang J, Su H, Sun X. Obesity-related asthma and its relationship with microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1303899. [PMID: 38292857 PMCID: PMC10825962 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1303899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and asthma are global public health problems. Obesity-related asthma is a special phenotype of asthma with a complex pathogenesis. Its occurrence and development are related to mechanical compression, inflammatory response, metabolic regulation, gene regulation, and vitamin D deficiency. Different treatment strategies used in the process of weight loss have a beneficial impact on asthma. Alterations in gut and airway microbial community structure and their metabolites may also contribute to obesity-related asthma. The role of the Th17/Treg balance in the gut microbiota regulating the immune responses and host metabolism is important. Therapeutic measures associated with the gut microbiota variety may contribute to improving chronic inflammation associated with obesity by regulating the Th17/Treg balance. An early reduction in microbial diversity can predict the development of asthma and lead to allergy through an imbalance of Th2/Th1 responses. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) regulate the differentiation and activation of regulatory T cells, thereby regulating immune homeostasis in the lung to suppress allergic inflammation and weight gain. Therefore, clarifying the microbial mechanism of obesity-related asthma has important guiding significance for clinical treatment. In this review, we used the following terms: "asthma and obesity" and "obesity-related asthma", combining "phenotype", "airway inflammation" and "lung function", and reviewed the characteristics and pathogenesis of obesity-related asthma, the relationship between the gut and airway microbiota and obesity-related asthma, and the current treatment measures for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuehua Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hong Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hui Su
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao JH, Wang YW, Yang J, Tong ZJ, Wu JZ, Wang YB, Wang QX, Li QQ, Yu YC, Leng XJ, Chang L, Xue X, Sun SL, Li HM, Ding N, Duan JA, Li NG, Shi ZH. Natural products as potential lead compounds to develop new antiviral drugs over the past decade. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115726. [PMID: 37597436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Virus infection has been one of the main causes of human death since the ancient times. Even though more and more antiviral drugs have been approved in clinic, long-term use can easily lead to the emergence of drug resistance and side effects. Fortunately, there are many kinds of metabolites which were produced by plants, marine organisms and microorganisms in nature with rich structural skeletons, and they are natural treasure house for people to find antiviral active substances. Aiming at many types of viruses that had caused serious harm to human health in recent years, this review summarizes the natural products with antiviral activity that had been reported for the first time in the past ten years, we also sort out the source, chemical structure and safety indicators in order to provide potential lead compounds for the research and development of new antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Han Zhao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yue-Wei Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jin Yang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Tong
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Qing-Xin Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Leng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Liang Chang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xin Xue
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - He-Min Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kee PE, Phang SM, Lan JCW, Tan JS, Khoo KS, Chang JS, Ng HS. Tropical Seaweeds as a Sustainable Resource Towards Circular Bioeconomy: Insights and Way Forward. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00940-7. [PMID: 37938536 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are photosynthetic marine macroalgae known for their rapid biomass growth and their significant contributions to global food and feed production. Seaweeds play a crucial role in mitigating various environmental issues, including greenhouse gases, ocean acidification, hypoxia, and eutrophication. Tropical seaweeds are typically found in tropical and subtropical coastal zones with warmer water temperatures and abundant sunlight. These tropical seaweeds are rich sources of proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibers, polysaccharides, and bioactive compounds, contributing to their health-promoting properties and their diverse applications across a range of industries. The productivity, cultivability, nutritional quality, and edibility of tropical seaweeds have been well-documented. This review article begins with an introduction to the growth conditions of selected tropical seaweeds. Subsequently, the multifunctional properties of tropical seaweeds including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, anti-carcinogenic and anti-proliferative, anti-viral, therapeutic and preventive properties were comprehensively evaluated. The potential application of tropical seaweeds as functional foods and feeds, as well as their contributions to sustainable cosmetics, bioenergy, and biofertilizer production were also highlighted. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers involved in seaweed farming as it provides current knowledge and insights into the cultivation and utilization of seaweeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phei Er Kee
- Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Moi Phang
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - John Chi-Wei Lan
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, 32003, Taiwan.
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan.
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chungli, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Suan Ng
- Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liyanage NM, Nagahawatta DP, Jayawardena TU, Sanjeewa KKA, Jayawrdhana HHACK, Kim JI, Jeon YJ. Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweeds: A Promising Strategy for Combatting Viral Diseases-A Review. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:461. [PMID: 37755074 PMCID: PMC10532895 DOI: 10.3390/md21090461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited availability of treatments for many infectious diseases highlights the need for new treatments, particularly for viral infections. Natural compounds from seaweed are attracting increasing attention for the treatment of various viral diseases, and thousands of novel compounds have been isolated for the development of pharmaceutical products. Seaweed is a rich source of natural bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides. The discovery of algal polysaccharides with antiviral activity has significantly increased in the past few decades. Furthermore, unique polysaccharides isolated from seaweeds, such as carrageenan, alginates, fucoidans, galactans, laminarians, and ulvans, have been shown to act against viral infections. The antiviral mechanisms of these agents are based on their inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis, viral entry, and viral replication. In this article, we review and provide an inclusive description of the antiviral activities of algal polysaccharides. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for developing polysaccharide-based antiviral therapies, including issues related to drug delivery and formulation. Finally, this review highlights the need for further research for fully understanding the potential of seaweed polysaccharides as a source of antiviral agents and for developing effective treatments for viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (N.M.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.)
| | - D. P. Nagahawatta
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (N.M.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.)
| | - Thilina U. Jayawardena
- Département of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
| | - Kalu Kapuge Asanka Sanjeewa
- Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana 10206, Sri Lanka;
| | - H. H. A. C. K. Jayawrdhana
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (N.M.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.)
| | - Jae-Il Kim
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (N.M.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zahariev N, Katsarov P, Lukova P, Pilicheva B. Novel Fucoidan Pharmaceutical Formulations and Their Potential Application in Oncology-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3242. [PMID: 37571136 PMCID: PMC10421178 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan belongs to the family of marine sulfated, L-fucose-rich polysaccharides found in the cell wall matrix of various brown algae species. In the last few years, sulfated polysaccharides have attracted the attention of researchers due to their broad biological activities such as anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, anticancer and antiproliferative effects. Recently the application of fucoidan in the field of pharmaceutical technology has been widely investigated. Due to its low toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability, fucoidan plays an important role as a drug carrier for the formulation of various drug delivery systems, especially as a biopolymer with anticancer activity, used for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics in oncology. Furthermore, the presence of sulfate residues with negative charge in its structure enables fucoidan to form ionic complexes with oppositely charged molecules, providing relatively easy structure-forming properties in combination with other polymers. The aim of the present study was to overview essential fucoidan characteristics, related to its application in the development of pharmaceutical formulations as a single drug carrier or in combinations with other polymers. Special focus was placed on micro- and nanosized drug delivery systems with polysaccharides and their application in the field of oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Zahariev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (N.Z.); (B.P.)
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Katsarov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (N.Z.); (B.P.)
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Paolina Lukova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Bissera Pilicheva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (N.Z.); (B.P.)
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liyanage NM, Lee HG, Nagahawatta DP, Jayawardhana HHACK, Song KM, Choi YS, Jeon YJ, Kang MC. Fucoidan from Sargassum autumnale Inhibits Potential Inflammatory Responses via NF-κB and MAPK Pathway Suppression in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:374. [PMID: 37504905 PMCID: PMC10381575 DOI: 10.3390/md21070374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are sulfate-rich polysaccharides with a wide variety of beneficial biological activities. The present study aimed to highlight the anti-inflammatory activity of fucoidan from the brown seaweed Sargassum autumnale (SA) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Among the isolated fucoidan fractions, the third fraction (SAF3) showed a superior protective effect on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. SAF3 inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE2) via downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression in LPS-induced RAW 26.7 cells. SAF3 treatment decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression in LPS-induced cells. LPS stimulation activated NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades in RAW 264.7 cells, while treatment with SAF3 suppressed them in a concentration-dependent manner. Existing outcomes confirm that SAF3 from S. autumnale possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity and exhibits good potential for application as a functional food ingredient or for the treatment of inflammation-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (N.M.L.); (H.-G.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.)
| | - Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (N.M.L.); (H.-G.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.)
| | - D. P. Nagahawatta
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (N.M.L.); (H.-G.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.)
| | - H. H. A. C. K. Jayawardhana
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (N.M.L.); (H.-G.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.)
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Research Group of Process Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Process Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea (Y.-S.C.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (N.M.L.); (H.-G.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.)
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Process Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea (Y.-S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan H, Wang J, Yang J, Xu Z, Li C, Hao C, Wang S, Wang W. Inhibition Effects and Mechanisms of Marine Polysaccharide PSSD against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:364. [PMID: 37367689 DOI: 10.3390/md21060364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted disease mainly caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), which can increase the risk of HIV transmission and is a major health problem in the world. Thus, it is of great significance to develop new anti-HSV-2 drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity. In this study, the anti-HSV-2 activities of PSSD, a marine sulfated polysaccharide, was deeply explored both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that PSSD had marked anti-HSV-2 activities in vitro with low cytotoxicity. PSSD can directly interact with virus particles to inhibit the adsorption of virus to the cell surface. PSSD may also interact with virus surface glycoproteins to block virus-induced membrane fusion. Importantly, PSSD can significantly attenuate the symptoms of genital herpes and weight loss in mice after gel smear treatment, as well as reducing the titer of virus shedding in the reproductive tract of mice, superior to the effect of acyclovir. In summary, the marine polysaccharide PSSD possesses anti-HSV-2 effects both in vitro and in vivo, and has potential to be developed into a novel anti-genital herpes agent in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhongqiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- The Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Cui Hao
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- The Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sharma D, Sharma S, Akojwar N, Dondulkar A, Yenorkar N, Pandita D, Prasad SK, Dhobi M. An Insight into Current Treatment Strategies, Their Limitations, and Ongoing Developments in Vaccine Technologies against Herpes Simplex Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020206. [PMID: 36851084 PMCID: PMC9966607 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, the most prevalent viral infection that typically lasts for a lifetime, is associated with frequent outbreaks of oral and genital lesions. Oral herpes infection is mainly associated with HSV-1 through oral contact, while genital herpes originates due to HSV-2 and is categorized under sexually transmitted diseases. Immunocompromised patients and children are more prone to HSV infection. Over the years, various attempts have been made to find potential targets for the prevention of HSV infection. Despite the global distress caused by HSV infections, there are no licensed prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines available on the market against HSV. Nevertheless, there are numerous promising candidates in the pre-clinical and clinical stages of study. The present review gives an overview of two herpes viruses, their history, and life cycle, and different treatments adopted presently against HSV infections and their associated limitations. Majorly, the review covers the recent investigations being carried out globally regarding various vaccine strategies against oral and genital herpes virus infections, together with the recent and advanced nanotechnological approaches for vaccine development. Consequently, it gives an insight to researchers as well as people from the health sector about the challenges and upcoming solutions associated with treatment and vaccine development against HSV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-III, Pushp Vihar, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-III, Pushp Vihar, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Natasha Akojwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Ayusha Dondulkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Nikhil Yenorkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Deepti Pandita
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-III, Pushp Vihar, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi 110017, India
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (S.K.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Satyendra K. Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (S.K.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-III, Pushp Vihar, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi 110017, India
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (S.K.P.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Awanthi MGG, Nagamoto S, Oku H, Kitahara K, Konishi T. Hyaluronidase-inhibiting Polysaccharide from Caulerpa lentillifera. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2023; 70:1-7. [PMID: 37033116 PMCID: PMC10077112 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2022_0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Algal sulfated polysaccharides are known to be effective hyaluronidase inhibitors. We evaluated hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of sulfated polysaccharide (SP) from Caulerpa lentillifera. Results showed that SP with IC50 of 163 µg/mL appears to allosterically inhibit the hyaluronidase activity. Main sugar composition and sulfate content of SP was estimated to be Gal, Glc, Xyl, Man, uronic acids, and sulfate in the weight percent of 27.7: 28.9: 14.6: 22.5: 3.4: 21.7. We modified the SP by desulfation and partial hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to investigate the effect of sulfate content and molecular weight on inhibition. Hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of desulfated SP, 0.1 M TFA-hydrolyzed SP and 0.5 M TFA-hydrolyzed SP were significantly lower than that of native SP, revealing that sulfate content or molecular weight is important for hyaluronidase inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saki Nagamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Hirosuke Oku
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Kanefumi Kitahara
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University
| | - Teruko Konishi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus
- Corresponding author (Tel. +81‒98‒895‒8795; Fax. +81‒98‒895‒8795; E-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rautela I, Thapliyal P, Sahni S, Rayal R, Sharma MD. Potential of seaweeds in preventing cancer and HIV infection in humans. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
14
|
Structural and bioactive roles of fucoidan in nanogel delivery systems. A review. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
15
|
Guo Y, Ma A, Wang X, Yang C, Chen X, Li G, Qiu F. Research progress on the antiviral activities of natural products and their derivatives: Structure–activity relationships. Front Chem 2022; 10:1005360. [PMID: 36311429 PMCID: PMC9596788 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1005360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses spread rapidly and are well-adapted to changing environmental events. They can infect the human body readily and trigger fatal diseases. A limited number of drugs are available for specific viral diseases, which can lead to non-efficacy against viral variants and drug resistance, so drugs with broad-spectrum antiviral activity are lacking. In recent years, a steady stream of new viral diseases has emerged, which has prompted development of new antiviral drugs. Natural products could be employed to develop new antiviral drugs because of their innovative structures and broad antiviral activities. This review summarizes the progress of natural products in antiviral research and their bright performance in drug resistance issues over the past 2 decades. Moreover, it fully discusses the effect of different structural types of natural products on antiviral activity in terms of structure–activity relationships. This review could provide a foundation for the development of antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Anna Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Gen Li,
| | - Gen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Gen Li,
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjfin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Filote C, Lanez E, Popa VI, Lanez T, Volf I. Characterization and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides Separated through a (Sequential) Biorefinery Process from Fucus spiralis Brown Macroalgae. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194106. [PMID: 36236054 PMCID: PMC9572633 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine macroalgae biomass is a valuable renewable resource that can be used for the development of bioeconomy through the valorisation of valuable compounds. The aim of the current study is separate macroalgal polysaccharides with bioactive properties from brown macroalgae Fucus spiralis based on a designed biocascading biorefinery approach. Thus, we applied an integrated processing method for the separation of fucoidan and alginate, in addition to characterization through IR spectroscopy and 1H NMR. The bioactivity potential (antioxidant activity using superoxide anion and DPPH radical scavenging analysis) of the two polysaccharides was evaluated, together with DNA binding studies performed though voltametric techniques and electronic spectroscopy titration. In terms of results, functional groups S=O (1226 cm−1), N=S=O (1136 cm−1) and C-O-SO3 (1024 cm−1), which are characteristic of fucoidan, were identified in the first polysaccharidic extract, whereas guluronic units (G) (1017 cm−1) and mannuronic units (M) (872 and 812 cm−1) confirmed the separation of alginate. The DNA binding studies of the isolated polysaccharides revealed an electrostatic and an intercalation interaction of DNA with fucoidan and alginate, respectively. Both antioxidant activity assays revealed improved antioxidant activity for both fucoidan and alginate compared to the standard α-tocopherol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Filote
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Bldv., 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elhafnaoui Lanez
- VTRS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of El Oued, B.P. 789, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Valentin I. Popa
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Bldv., 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Touhami Lanez
- VTRS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of El Oued, B.P. 789, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Irina Volf
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Bldv., 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Antiviral Activity of Crude Polysaccharide Derived from Seaweed against IHNV and IPNV In Vitro. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092080. [PMID: 36146887 PMCID: PMC9501831 DOI: 10.3390/v14092080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) are the causative agents of acute and highly contagious diseases of juvenile salmonids, resulting in severe economic losses to these cold-water fish globally. There is an urgent need to explore antiviral agents against IHNV and IPNV due to the lack of commercially available vaccines and antiviral drugs. More importantly, the co-infection of IHNV and IPNV is prevalent in nature, which not only aggravates extensive damage to the salmonids but also poses challenges to its prevention and control. The antiviral effects of a crude polysaccharide derived from seaweed (CSP) on IHNV and IPNV were evaluated in this study separately. Furthermore, the underlying antiviral mechanisms of CSP to IHNV and IPNV were analyzed, respectively. The results showed that CSP possessed excellent safety and good ability to inhibit IHNV, IPNV, and their co-infection. CSP preferred to act at the early stage of viral infection. The antiviral mechanism of CSP on IHNV is possibly involved in preventing viral attachment and release, while in IPNV, it is involved in suppressing viral attachment, entry, and release. Taken together, the results of this study shed new light on developing novel agents against viral infection in salmonid fish.
Collapse
|
18
|
Anisha GS, Padmakumari S, Patel AK, Pandey A, Singhania RR. Fucoidan from Marine Macroalgae: Biological Actions and Applications in Regenerative Medicine, Drug Delivery Systems and Food Industry. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090472. [PMID: 36135017 PMCID: PMC9495336 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine macroalgae produce a collection of bioactive polysaccharides, of which the sulfated heteropolysaccharide fucoidan produced by brown algae of the class Phaeophyceae has received worldwide attention because of its particular biological actions that confer nutritional and health benefits to humans and animals. The biological actions of fucoidan are determined by their structure and chemical composition, which are largely influenced by the geographical location, harvest season, extraction process, etc. This review discusses the structure, chemical composition and physicochemical properties of fucoidan. The biological action of fucoidan and its applications for human health, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug delivery are also addressed. The industrial scenario and prospects of research depicted would give an insight into developing fucoidan as a commercially viable and sustainable bioactive material in the nutritional and pharmacological sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
- Correspondence: or (G.S.A.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Savitha Padmakumari
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
- Center for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Center for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, India
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, India
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
- Center for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, India
- Correspondence: or (G.S.A.); (R.R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
A state-of-the-art review on fucoidan as an antiviral agent to combat viral infections. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119551. [PMID: 35698330 PMCID: PMC9057937 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As a significant public health hazard with several drug side effects during medical treatment, searching for novel therapeutic natural medicines is promising. Sulfated polysaccharides from algae, such as fucoidan, have been discovered to have a variety of medical applications, including antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. The review emphasized on the utilization of fucoidan as an antiviral agent against viral infections by inhibiting their attachment and replication. Moreover, it can also trigger immune response against viral infection in humans. This review suggested to be use the fucoidan for the potential protective remedy against COVID-19 and addressing the antiviral activities of sulfated polysaccharide, fucoidan derived from marine algae that could be used as an anti-COVID19 drug in near future.
Collapse
|
20
|
Iqbal MW, Riaz T, Mahmood S, Bilal M, Manzoor MF, Qamar SA, Qi X. Fucoidan-based nanomaterial and its multifunctional role for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:354-380. [PMID: 35930305 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidans are promising sulfated polysaccharides isolated from marine sources that have piqued the interest of scientists in recent years due to their widespread use as a bioactive substance. Bioactive coatings and films, unsurprisingly, have seized these substances to create novel, culinary, therapeutic, and diagnostic bioactive nanomaterials. The applications of fucoidan and its composite nanomaterials have a wide variety of food as well as pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-thrombic, anti-coagulant, immunoregulatory, and anti-viral properties. Blends of fucoidan with other biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, curdlan, starch, etc., have shown promising coating and film-forming capabilities. A blending of biopolymers is a recommended approach to improve their anticipated properties. This review focuses on the fundamental knowledge and current development of fucoidan, fucoidan-based composite material for bioactive coatings and films, and their biological properties. In this article, fucoidan-based edible bioactive coatings and films expressed excellent mechanical strength that can prolong the shelf-life of food products and maintain their biodegradability. Additionally, these coatings and films showed numerous applications in the biomedical field and contribute to the economy. We hope this review can deliver the theoretical basis for the development of fucoidan-based bioactive material and films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahreem Riaz
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | | | - Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oliyaei N, Moosavi-Nasab M, Mazloomi SM. Therapeutic activity of fucoidan and carrageenan as marine algal polysaccharides against viruses. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:154. [PMID: 35765662 PMCID: PMC9233728 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
22
|
Zayed A, Avila-Peltroche J, El-Aasr M, Ulber R. Sulfated Galactofucans: An Outstanding Class of Fucoidans with Promising Bioactivities. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:412. [PMID: 35877705 PMCID: PMC9319086 DOI: 10.3390/md20070412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans encompass versatile and heterogeneous sulfated biopolysaccharides of marine origin, specifically brown algae and marine invertebrates. Their chemistry and bioactivities have been extensively investigated in the last few decades. The reported studies revealed diverse chemical skeletons in which l-fucose is the main sugar monomer. However, other sugars, i.e., galactose, mannose, etc., have been identified to be interspersed, forming several heteropolymers, including galactofucans/fucogalactans (G-fucoidans). Particularly, sulfated galactofucans are associated with rich chemistry contributing to more promising bioactivities than fucans and other marine polysaccharides. The previous reports in the last 20 years showed that G-fucoidans derived from Undaria pinnatifida were the most studied; 21 bioactivities were investigated, especially antitumor and antiviral activities, and unique biomedical applications compared to other marine polysaccharides were demonstrated. Hence, the current article specifically reviews the biogenic sources, chemistry, and outstanding bioactivities of G-fucoidans providing the opportunity to discover novel drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Guish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | | | - Mona El-Aasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Guish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Antiviral Activity and Mechanisms of Seaweeds Bioactive Compounds on Enveloped Viruses-A Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060385. [PMID: 35736188 PMCID: PMC9228758 DOI: 10.3390/md20060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the interest in seaweed has significantly increased. Bioactive compounds from seaweed’s currently receive major attention from pharmaceutical companies as they express several interesting biological activities which are beneficial for humans. The structural diversity of seaweed metabolites provides diverse biological activities which are expressed through diverse mechanisms of actions. This review mainly focuses on the antiviral activity of seaweed’s extracts, highlighting the mechanisms of actions of some seaweed molecules against infection caused by different types of enveloped viruses: influenza, Lentivirus (HIV-1), Herpes viruses, and coronaviruses. Seaweed metabolites with antiviral properties can act trough different pathways by increasing the host’s defense system or through targeting and blocking virus replication before it enters host cells. Several studies have already established the large antiviral spectrum of seaweed’s bioactive compounds. Throughout this review, antiviral mechanisms and medical applications of seaweed’s bioactive compounds are analyzed, suggesting seaweed’s potential source of antiviral compounds for the formulation of novel and natural antiviral drugs.
Collapse
|
24
|
Choi S, Jeon SA, Heo BY, Kang JG, Jung Y, Duong PTT, Song IC, Kim JH, Kim SY, Kwon J. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis Reveals That Fucoidan Induces Type I IFN Pathways in BMDC. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112242. [PMID: 35684042 PMCID: PMC9182765 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, has been proposed to effectively treat and prevent various viral infections. However, the mechanisms behind its antiviral activity are not completely understood. We investigate here the global transcriptional changes in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) using RNA-Seq technology. Through both analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found that fucoidan-treated BMDCs were enriched in virus-specific response pathways, including that of SARS-CoV-2, as well as pathways associated with nucleic acid-sensing receptors (RLR, TLR, NLR, STING), and type I interferon (IFN) production. We show that these transcriptome changes are driven by well-known regulators of the inflammatory response against viruses, including IRF, NF-κB, and STAT family transcription factors. Furthermore, 435 of the 950 upregulated DEGs are classified as type I IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Flow cytometric analysis additionally showed that fucoidan increased MHCII, CD80, and CD40 surface markers in BMDCs, indicative of greater antigen presentation and co-stimulation functionality. Our current study suggests that fucoidan transcriptionally activates PRR signaling, type I IFN production and signaling, ISGs production, and DC maturation, highlighting a potential mechanism of fucoidan-induced antiviral activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyoung Choi
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (B.Y.H.); (Y.J.); (P.T.T.D.); (I.-C.S.)
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Sol A Jeon
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.A.J.); (J.-H.K.)
- Department of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Bu Yeon Heo
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (B.Y.H.); (Y.J.); (P.T.T.D.); (I.-C.S.)
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Ju-Gyeong Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Yunju Jung
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (B.Y.H.); (Y.J.); (P.T.T.D.); (I.-C.S.)
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Pham Thi Thuy Duong
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (B.Y.H.); (Y.J.); (P.T.T.D.); (I.-C.S.)
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Ik-Chan Song
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (B.Y.H.); (Y.J.); (P.T.T.D.); (I.-C.S.)
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.A.J.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.A.J.); (J.-H.K.)
- Department of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.K.); (J.K.); Tel.: +82-42-280-6937 (J.K); Fax: +82-42-583-8216 (J.K.)
| | - Jaeyul Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (B.Y.H.); (Y.J.); (P.T.T.D.); (I.-C.S.)
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.K.); (J.K.); Tel.: +82-42-280-6937 (J.K); Fax: +82-42-583-8216 (J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wei Q, Fu G, Wang K, Yang Q, Zhao J, Wang Y, Ji K, Song S. Advances in Research on Antiviral Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweeds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050581. [PMID: 35631407 PMCID: PMC9147703 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, various viral diseases have suddenly erupted, resulting in widespread infection and death. A variety of biological activities from marine natural products have gradually attracted the attention of people. Seaweeds have a wide range of sources, huge output, and high economic benefits. This is very promising in the pharmaceutical industry. In particular, sulfated polysaccharides derived from seaweeds, considered a potential source of bioactive compounds for drug development, have shown antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses, mainly including common DNA viruses and RNA viruses. In addition, sulfated polysaccharides can also improve the body’s immunity. This review focuses on recent advances in antiviral research on the sulfated polysaccharides from seaweeds, including carrageenan, galactan, fucoidan, alginate, ulvan, p-KG03, naviculan, and calcium spirulan. We hope that this review will provide new ideas for the development of COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Guoqiang Fu
- Weihaiwei People’s Hospital, Weihai 264200, China;
| | - Ke Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qiong Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuan Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kai Ji
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (K.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (K.J.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Akbari A, Bigham A, Rahimkhoei V, Sharifi S, Jabbari E. Antiviral Polymers: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1634. [PMID: 35566804 PMCID: PMC9101550 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers, due to their high molecular weight, tunable architecture, functionality, and buffering effect for endosomal escape, possess unique properties as a carrier or prophylactic agent in preventing pandemic outbreak of new viruses. Polymers are used as a carrier to reduce the minimum required dose, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness of antiviral agents. Polymers are also used as multifunctional nanomaterials to, directly or indirectly, inhibit viral infections. Multifunctional polymers can interact directly with envelope glycoproteins on the viral surface to block fusion and entry of the virus in the host cell. Polymers can indirectly mobilize the immune system by activating macrophages and natural killer cells against the invading virus. This review covers natural and synthetic polymers that possess antiviral activity, their mechanism of action, and the effect of material properties like chemical composition, molecular weight, functional groups, and charge density on antiviral activity. Natural polymers like carrageenan, chitosan, fucoidan, and phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, and synthetic polymers like dendrimers and sialylated polymers are reviewed. This review discusses the steps in the viral replication cycle from binding to cell surface receptors to viral-cell fusion, replication, assembly, and release of the virus from the host cell that antiviral polymers interfere with to block viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147, Iran; (A.A.); (V.R.)
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials—National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54—Mostra d’Oltremare Pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Vahid Rahimkhoei
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147, Iran; (A.A.); (V.R.)
| | - Sina Sharifi
- Disruptive Technology Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Unique Mode of Antiviral Action of a Marine Alkaloid against Ebola Virus and SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040816. [PMID: 35458549 PMCID: PMC9028129 DOI: 10.3390/v14040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamellarin α 20-sulfate is a cell-impenetrable marine alkaloid that can suppress infection that is mediated by the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. We explored the antiviral action and mechanisms of this alkaloid against emerging enveloped RNA viruses that use endocytosis for infection. The alkaloid inhibited the infection of retroviral vectors that had been pseudotyped with the envelope glycoprotein of Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2. The antiviral effects of lamellarin were independent of the retrovirus Gag-Pol proteins. Interestingly, although heparin and dextran sulfate suppressed the cell attachment of vector particles, lamellarin did not. In silico structural analyses of the trimeric glycoprotein of the Ebola virus disclosed that the principal lamellarin-binding site is confined to a previously unappreciated cavity near the NPC1-binding site and fusion loop, whereas those for heparin and dextran sulfate were dispersed across the attachment and fusion subunits of the glycoproteins. Notably, lamellarin binding to this cavity was augmented under conditions where the pH was 5.0. These results suggest that the final action of the alkaloid against Ebola virus is specific to events following endocytosis, possibly during conformational glycoprotein changes in the acidic environment of endosomes. Our findings highlight the unique biological and physicochemical features of lamellarin α 20-sulfate and should lead to the further use of broadly reactive antivirals to explore the structural mechanisms of virus replication.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweed Strandings as Renewable Source for Potential Antivirals against Herpes simplex Virus 1. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020116. [PMID: 35200645 PMCID: PMC8878361 DOI: 10.3390/md20020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) remains a prominent health concern widespread all over the world. The increasing genital infections by HSV-1 that might facilitate acquisition and transmission of HIV-1, the cumulative evidence that HSV-1 promotes neurodegenerative disorders, and the emergence of drug resistance signify the need for new antiviral agents. In this study, the in vitro anti-herpetic activity of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) extracted by enzyme or hot water from seaweeds collected in France and Mexico from stranding events, were evaluated. The anti-herpetic activity evaluation of the semi-refined-polysaccharides (sr-SPs) and different ion exchange purified fractions showed a wide range of antiviral activity. Among them, the sr-SPs from the Rhodophyta Halymenia floresii showed stronger activity EC50 0.68 μg/mL with SI 1470, without cytotoxicity. Further, the antiviral activity of the sr-SPs evaluated at different treatment schemes showed a high EC50 of 0.38 μg/mL during the viral adsorption assays when the polysaccharide and the virus were added simultaneously, whilst the protection on Vero cell during the post-infection assay was effective up to 1 h. The chemical composition, FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic, and molecular weights of the sr-SPs from H. floresii were determined and discussed based on the anti-herpetic activity. The potential utilization of seaweed stranding as a source of antiviral compounds is addressed.
Collapse
|
29
|
Díaz-Resendiz KJG, Covantes-Rosales CE, Benítez-Trinidad AB, Navidad-Murrieta MS, Razura-Carmona FF, Carrillo-Cruz CD, Frias-Delgadillo EJ, Pérez-Díaz DA, Díaz-Benavides MV, Zambrano-Soria M, Ventura-Ramón GH, Romero-Castro A, Alam-Escamilla D, Girón-Pérez MI. Effect of Fucoidan on the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨm) of Leukocytes from Patients with Active COVID-19 and Subjects That Recovered from SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:99. [PMID: 35200630 PMCID: PMC8878973 DOI: 10.3390/md20020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a polysaccharide obtained from marine brown algae, with anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immune-enhancing properties, thus, fucoidan may be used as an alternative treatment (complementary to prescribed medical therapy) for COVID-19 recovery. This work aimed to determine the ex-vivo effects of treatment with fucoidan (20 µg/mL) on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm, using a cationic cyanine dye, 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6(3)) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HPBMC) isolated from healthy control (HC) subjects, COVID-19 patients (C-19), and subjects that recently recovered from COVID-19 (R1, 40 ± 13 days after infection). In addition, ex-vivo treatment with fucoidan (20 and 50 µg/mL) was evaluated on ΔΨm loss induced by carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP, 150 µM) in HPBMC isolated from healthy subjects (H) and recovered subjects at 11 months post-COVID-19 (R2, 335 ± 20 days after infection). Data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces HPBMC loss of ΔΨm, even 11 months after infection, however, fucoidan promotes recovery of ΔΨm in PBMCs from COVID-19 recovered subjects. Therefore, fucoidan may be a potential treatment to diminish long-term sequelae from COVID-19, using mitochondria as a therapeutic target for the recovery of cellular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Janice Guadalupe Díaz-Resendiz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Alma Betsaida Benítez-Trinidad
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Migdalia Sarahy Navidad-Murrieta
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Francisco Fabian Razura-Carmona
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Christian Daniel Carrillo-Cruz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Edwin Jaime Frias-Delgadillo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Daniela Alejandra Pérez-Díaz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Matxil Violeta Díaz-Benavides
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Mercedes Zambrano-Soria
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Guadalupe Herminia Ventura-Ramón
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Aurelio Romero-Castro
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Av. Erik Paolo Martínez S/N. Esquina Av. 4 de Marzo, Col. Magisterial, Chetumal 77039, Quintana Roo, Mexico;
| | - David Alam-Escamilla
- Departamento de Investigation, Desarrollo e Inovación, Earth and Life University, Selvamar, Paseo Selvamar, Playa del Carmen 77727, Quintana Roo, Mexico;
| | - Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Arokiarajan MS, Thirunavukkarasu R, Joseph J, Ekaterina O, Aruni W. Advance research in biomedical applications on marine sulfated polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:870-881. [PMID: 34843816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine ecosystem associated organisms are an affluent source of bioactive compounds. Polysaccharides with unique structural and practical entities have gained special studies interest inside the current biomedical zone. Polysaccharides are the main components of marine algae, plants, animals, insects, and microorganisms. In recent times research on seaweed is more persistent for extraction of natural bioactive "Sulfated polysaccharides" (SPs). The considerable amount of SP exists in the algae in the form of fucans, fucoidans, carrageenans, ulvan, etc. Major function of SPs is to act as a defensive lattice towards the infective organism. All SPs possess the high potential and possess a broad range of therapeutic applications as antitumor, immunomodulatory, vaccine adjuvant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, antilipemic, therapy of regenerative medicine, also in drug delivery and tissue engineering application. This review aims to discuss the biomedicine applications of sulfated polysaccharides from marine seaweeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Shamya Arokiarajan
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 119, India
| | - Rajasekar Thirunavukkarasu
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 119, India.
| | - Jerrine Joseph
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 119, India
| | - Obluchinskaya Ekaterina
- Biochemistry and Technology of Hydrobionts, Murmansk marine biological institute of KSC, RAS, Russia
| | - Wilson Aruni
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 119, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ray B, Ali I, Jana S, Mukherjee S, Pal S, Ray S, Schütz M, Marschall M. Antiviral Strategies Using Natural Source-Derived Sulfated Polysaccharides in the Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Major Human Pathogenic Viruses. Viruses 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 35062238 PMCID: PMC8781365 DOI: 10.3390/v14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a mere fraction of the huge variety of human pathogenic viruses can be targeted by the currently available spectrum of antiviral drugs. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has highlighted the urgent need for molecules that can be deployed quickly to treat novel, developing or re-emerging viral infections. Sulfated polysaccharides are found on the surfaces of both the susceptible host cells and the majority of human viruses, and thus can play an important role during viral infection. Such polysaccharides widely occurring in natural sources, specifically those converted into sulfated varieties, have already proved to possess a high level and sometimes also broad-spectrum antiviral activity. This antiviral potency can be determined through multifold molecular pathways, which in many cases have low profiles of cytotoxicity. Consequently, several new polysaccharide-derived drugs are currently being investigated in clinical settings. We reviewed the present status of research on sulfated polysaccharide-based antiviral agents, their structural characteristics, structure-activity relationships, and the potential of clinical application. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of sulfated polysaccharides involved in viral infection or in antiviral activity, respectively, are discussed, together with a focus on the emerging methodology contributing to polysaccharide-based drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuvam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Saikat Pal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Sayani Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Martin Schütz
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Salehpour R, Amrollahi Biuki N, Mohammadi M, Dashtiannasab A, Ebrahimnejad P. The dietary effect of fucoidan extracted from brown seaweed, Cystoseira trinodis (C. Agardh) on growth and disease resistance to WSSV in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:84-95. [PMID: 34560287 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The polysaccharide-fucoidan plays a fundamental role in shrimp aquaculture by being used as a natural immunostimulant and dietary supplementation. In this study, Cystoseira trinodis fucoidan (FCT) was extracted, its structure was determined using FT-IR analysis, and its effect of fucoidan on growth performance and WSSV resistance in Litopenaeus vannamei was evaluated. Four experimental diets, including the control (without FCT), 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4% FCT, were formulated and fed to shrimps for 60 days. Next, they were exposed to WSSV, and their mortality rate was noted daily up to 20 days. The results of the growth experiment demonstrated a significant increase in the final weight, WG, and SGR, and a lower FCR in treatments than in control. During the challenge trial, 100% mortality was recorded in control within ten days. However, FCT-treated shrimps indicated a mortality increase from 43.33 to 75.00% during 20 days of infection. The immunological and biochemical parameters and the expression of immune-related genes in individuals fed the FCT-incorporated diet considerably (p < 0.01) improved over control before the challenge (0 days) and after the challenge on days 5, 10, 15, and 20. It was concluded that L. vannamei fed on diets supplemented with all concentrations of FCT (especially 0.4%) had improved the growth, immunological and biochemical parameters, and the expression of immune-related genes, as well as enhancing the resistance against WSSV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Salehpour
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Biology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Narges Amrollahi Biuki
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Biology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Faculty of Persian Gulf Research Institute, Department of Biotechnology, University of Persian Gulf, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Aghil Dashtiannasab
- Iran Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Pedram Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lu W, Yang Z, Chen J, Wang D, Zhang Y. Recent advances in antiviral activities and potential mechanisms of sulfated polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118526. [PMID: 34420760 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides derived from plants, fungi and animals are well known as ideal functional products with multiple biological activities and few side effects. Among them, natural occurring sulfated polysaccharides and those from synthetic origin are increasingly causing more attention worldwide, as they have been proved to possess broad-spectrum antiviral activities. The focus of this review is on analyzing the current state of knowledge about the origin of sulfated polysaccharides, more importantly, the potential connection between the structure and their antiviral mechanisms. Sulfated polysaccharide may interfere with a few steps in the virus life cycle (i.e. adsorption, invasion, transcription and replication) and/or improve the host antiviral immune response. Moreover, their antiviral activity was affected by degree of substitution, substitution position, molecular weight, and spatial conformation. This review may provide approach for the development of novel and potent therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China.
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Di Wang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Krylova NV, Silchenko AS, Pott AB, Ermakova SP, Iunikhina OV, Rasin AB, Kompanets GG, Likhatskaya GN, Shchelkanov MY. In Vitro Anti-Orthohantavirus Activity of the High-and Low-Molecular-Weight Fractions of Fucoidan from the Brown Alga Fucus evanescens. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:577. [PMID: 34677476 PMCID: PMC8538225 DOI: 10.3390/md19100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hantaan orthohantavirus (genovariant Amur-AMRV) is a rodent-borne zoonotic virus; it is the causative agent of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. The currently limited therapeutic options require the development of effective anti-orthohantavirus drugs. The ability of native fucoidan from Fucus evanescens (FeF) and its enzymatically prepared high-molecular-weight (FeHMP) and low-molecular-weight (FeLMP) fractions to inhibit different stages of AMRV infection in Vero cells was studied. The structures of derivatives obtained were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We found that fucoidan and its derivatives exhibited significant antiviral activity by affecting the early stages of the AMRV lifecycle, notably virus attachment and penetration. The FeHMP and FeLMP fractions showed the highest anti-adsorption activity by inhibiting AMRV focus formation, with a selective index (SI) > 110; FeF had an SI of ~70. The FeLMP fraction showed a greater virucidal effect compared with FeF and the FeHMP fraction. It was shown by molecular docking that 2O-sulphated fucotetrasaccharide, a main component of the FeLMP fraction, is able to bind with the AMRV envelope glycoproteins Gn/Gc and with integrin β3 to prevent virus-cell interactions. The relatively small size of these sites of interactions explains the higher anti-AMRV activity of the FeLMP fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Krylova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, Selskaya Street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.B.P.); (O.V.I.); (G.G.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Artem S. Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.S.); (S.P.E.); (A.B.R.); (G.N.L.)
| | - Anastasia B. Pott
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, Selskaya Street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.B.P.); (O.V.I.); (G.G.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Svetlana P. Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.S.); (S.P.E.); (A.B.R.); (G.N.L.)
| | - Olga V. Iunikhina
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, Selskaya Street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.B.P.); (O.V.I.); (G.G.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Anton B. Rasin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.S.); (S.P.E.); (A.B.R.); (G.N.L.)
| | - Galina G. Kompanets
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, Selskaya Street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.B.P.); (O.V.I.); (G.G.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Galina N. Likhatskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.S.); (S.P.E.); (A.B.R.); (G.N.L.)
| | - Mikhail Y. Shchelkanov
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, Selskaya Street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.B.P.); (O.V.I.); (G.G.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Salih AEM, Thissera B, Yaseen M, Hassane ASI, El-Seedi HR, Sayed AM, Rateb ME. Marine Sulfated Polysaccharides as Promising Antiviral Agents: A Comprehensive Report and Modeling Study Focusing on SARS CoV-2. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:406. [PMID: 34436245 PMCID: PMC8401819 DOI: 10.3390/md19080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) is a novel coronavirus strain that emerged at the end of 2019, causing millions of deaths so far. Despite enormous efforts being made through various drug discovery campaigns, there is still a desperate need for treatments with high efficacy and selectivity. Recently, marine sulfated polysaccharides (MSPs) have earned significant attention and are widely examined against many viral infections. This article attempted to produce a comprehensive report about MSPs from different marine sources alongside their antiviral effects against various viral species covering the last 25 years of research articles. Additionally, these reported MSPs were subjected to molecular docking and dynamic simulation experiments to ascertain potential interactions with both the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS CoV-2's spike protein (S-protein) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). The possible binding sites on both S-protein's RBD and ACE2 were determined based on how they bind to heparin, which has been reported to exhibit significant antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2 through binding to RBD, preventing the virus from affecting ACE2. Moreover, our modeling results illustrate that heparin can also bind to and block ACE2, acting as a competitor and protective agent against SARS CoV-2 infection. Nine of the investigated MSPs candidates exhibited promising results, taking into consideration the newly emerged SARS CoV-2 variants, of which five were not previously reported to exert antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2, including sulfated galactofucan (1), sulfated polymannuroguluronate (SPMG) (2), sulfated mannan (3), sulfated heterorhamnan (8), and chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E) (9). These results shed light on the importance of sulfated polysaccharides as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla E. M. Salih
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| | - Bathini Thissera
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| | - Mohammed Yaseen
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| | - Ahmed S. I. Hassane
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Box 591, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tomori M, Nagamine T, Miyamoto T, Iha M. Effects of Ingesting Fucoidan Derived from Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida on Human NK Cells: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:340. [PMID: 34203925 PMCID: PMC8232719 DOI: 10.3390/md19060340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ingesting fucoidan derived from Okinawa mozuku (Cladosiphon okamuranus) on natural killer (NK) cell activity and to assess its safety in healthy adults via a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled pilot study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups-a placebo group (ingesting citric acid, sucralose, and caramel beverages; n = 20; 45.5 ± 7.8 years (mean ± standard deviation)) and a fucoidan group (3.0 g/day from beverages; n = 20; 47.0 ± 7.6 years); after 12 weeks, blood, biochemical, and immunological tests were performed. Clinically adverse events were not observed in any of the tests during the study period. In addition, adverse events due to the test food were not observed. In the immunological tests, NK cell activity was significantly enhanced at 8 weeks in the fucoidan group, compared to before ingestion (0 weeks). In addition, a significantly enhanced NK cell activity was observed in male subjects at 8 weeks, compared with the placebo group. These results confirm that Okinawa mozuku-derived fucoidan enhances NK cell activity and suggest that it is a safe food material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tomori
- South Product Co., Ltd., Okinawa 904-2311, Japan;
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Takeaki Nagamine
- Department of Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gunma 370-0036, Japan;
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Masahiko Iha
- South Product Co., Ltd., Okinawa 904-2311, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
He S, Joseph N, Feng S, Jellicoe M, Raston CL. Application of microfluidic technology in food processing. Food Funct 2021; 11:5726-5737. [PMID: 32584365 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology is interdisciplinary with a diversity of applications including in food processing. The rapidly growing global population demands more advanced technologies in food processing to produce more functional and safer food, and for such processing microfluidic devices are a popular choice. This review critically critiques the state-of-the-art designs of microfluidic devices and their applications in food processing, and identifies the key research trends and future research directions for maximizing the value of microfluidic technology. Capillary, planar, and terrace droplet generation systems are currently used in the design of microfluidic devices, each with their strengths and weaknesses as applied in food processing, for emulsification, food safety measurements, and bioactive compound extraction. Conventional channel-based microfluidic devices are prone to clogging, and have high labor costs and low productivity, and their "directional pressure" restricts scaling-up capabilities. These disadvantages can be overcome by using "inside-out centrifugal force" and the new generation continuous flow thin-film microfluidic Vortex Fluidic Device (VFD) which facilitates translating laboratory processing into commercial products. Also highlighted is controlling protein-polysaccharide interactions and the applications of the produced ingredients in food formulations as targets for future development in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China. and Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Nikita Joseph
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Shilun Feng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Matt Jellicoe
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Carse S, Bergant M, Schäfer G. Advances in Targeting HPV Infection as Potential Alternative Prophylactic Means. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2201. [PMID: 33672181 PMCID: PMC7926419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers. The majority of cervical cancer cases occur in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC). Concurrent infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) further increases the risk of HPV infection and exacerbates disease onset and progression. Highly effective prophylactic vaccines do exist to combat HPV infection with the most common oncogenic types, but the accessibility to these in LMIC is severely limited due to cost, difficulties in accessing the target population, cultural issues, and maintenance of a cold chain. Alternative preventive measures against HPV infection that are more accessible and affordable are therefore also needed to control cervical cancer risk. There are several efforts in identifying such alternative prophylactics which target key molecules involved in early HPV infection events. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the initial steps in HPV infection, from host cell-surface engagement to cellular trafficking of the viral genome before arrival in the nucleus. The key molecules that can be potentially targeted are highlighted, and a discussion on their applicability as alternative preventive means against HPV infection, with a focus on LMIC, is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Carse
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa;
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Martina Bergant
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia;
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa;
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sharma N, Modak C, Singh PK, Kumar R, Khatri D, Singh SB. Underscoring the immense potential of chitosan in fighting a wide spectrum of viruses: A plausible molecule against SARS-CoV-2? Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:33-44. [PMID: 33607132 PMCID: PMC7885638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a deacetylated polycationic polysaccharide derived from chitin. It is structurally constituted of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine where acetyl groups are randomly distributed across the polymer. The parameters of deacetylation and depolymerization process greatly influence various physico-chemical properties of chitosan and thus, offer a great degree of manipulation to synthesize chitosan of interest for various industrial and biomedical applications. Chitosan and its various derivatives have been a potential molecule of investigation in the area of anti-microbials especially anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and antiviral. The current review predominantly highlights and discusses about the antiviral activities of chitosan and its various substituted derivatives against a wide spectrum of human, animal, plants and bacteriophage viruses. The extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect antiviral efficacy of chitosan have also been talked about. With the rapid unfolding of COVID-19 pandemic across the globe, we look for chitosan as a plausible potent antiviral molecule for fighting this disease. Through this review, we present enough literature data supporting role of chitosan against different strains of SARS viruses and also chitosan targeting CD147 receptors, a novel route for invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. We speculate the possibility of using chitosan as potential molecule against SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Chandrima Modak
- Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), PILANI, Pilani campus, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmender Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Antiviral Potential of Algal Metabolites-A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020094. [PMID: 33562153 PMCID: PMC7914423 DOI: 10.3390/md19020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, algae have stimulated significant economic interest particularly as a source of fertilizers, feeds, foods and pharmaceutical precursors. However, there is increasing interest in exploiting algal diversity for their antiviral potential. Here, we present an overview of 50-years of scientific and technological developments in the field of algae antivirals. After bibliometric analysis of 999 scientific references, a survey of 16 clinical trials and analysis of 84 patents, it was possible to identify the dominant algae, molecules and viruses that have been shaping and driving this promising field of research. A description of the most promising discoveries is presented according to molecule class. We observed a diverse range of algae and respective molecules displaying significant antiviral effects against an equally diverse range of viruses. Some natural algae molecules, like carrageenan, cyanovirin or griffithsin, are now considered prime reference molecules for their outstanding antiviral capacity. Crucially, while many algae antiviral applications have already reached successful commercialization, the large spectrum of algae antiviral capacities already identified suggests a strong potential for future expansion of this field.
Collapse
|
41
|
Khan A, Alamry KA, Asiri AM. Multifunctional Biopolymers‐Based Composite Materials for Biomedical Applications: A Systematic Review. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajahar Khan
- Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Alamry
- Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hans N, Malik A, Naik S. Antiviral activity of sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae and its application in combating COVID-19: Mini review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 13:100623. [PMID: 33521606 PMCID: PMC7836841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Marine-derived sulfated polysaccharides possess various antiviral activities against a broad range of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. It has become the potential source of antiviral drugs for pharmaceutical development. In this review, we will discuss the different types of sulfated polysaccharides and their structural classification. Some of the major sulfated polysaccharides with potent antiviral activity, including carrageenan, agar, ulvan, fucoidan, and alginates, are considered in this review. The mechanism of these sulfated polysaccharides in inhibiting the different stages of the viral infection process inside the host cell is also demonstrated. It involves blocking the initial entry of the virus or inhibiting its transcription and translation by modulating the immune response of the host cell. In addition, we explore the potential of sulfated polysaccharides as antiviral agents in preventing recent Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Hans
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anushree Malik
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Satyanarayan Naik
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bianculli RH, Mase JD, Schulz MD. Antiviral Polymers: Past Approaches and Future Possibilities. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H. Bianculli
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Mase
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Michael D. Schulz
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pradhan B, Patra S, Nayak R, Behera C, Dash SR, Nayak S, Sahu BB, Bhutia SK, Jena M. Multifunctional role of fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharides in human health and disease: A journey under the sea in pursuit of potent therapeutic agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4263-4278. [PMID: 32916197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan is a complex polysaccharide (molecular weight 10,000-100,000 Da) derived from brown algae which comprises of L-fucose and sulfate groups have potential as therapeutic diligences against several human diseases. The fucoidan has expanded a widespread range of pharmacological properties as an anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiangiogenic, immunomodulatory, anti-adhesive, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral and anti-neurodegenerative agents owing to their diverse chemical conformation and potent antioxidant activity. The antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of the fucoidan contribute towards their disease preventive potency through dynamic modulation of key intracellular signalling pathways, regulation of ROS accumulation, and maintenance of principal cell survival and death pathways. Additionally, it also reduces cancer-associated cachexia. Despite the wide range of therapeutic potency, the fucoidan is heavily regarded as an unexplored plethora of druggable entities in the current situation. The isolation, screening, biological application, pre-clinical, and clinical assessment along with large scale cost-effective production remain a foremost task to be assessed. Moreover, the chemical synthesis of the present bioactive drug with confirmational rearrangement for enhanced availability and bioactivity also need tenacious investigation. Hence, in the present review, we give attention to the source of isolation of fucoidan, their principle strategic deployment in disease prevention, and the mechanistic investigation of how it works to combat different diseases that can be used for future therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Rabindra Nayak
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Chhandashree Behera
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Dash
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Sneha Nayak
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Binod Bihari Sahu
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India.
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rosales-Mendoza S, García-Silva I, González-Ortega O, Sandoval-Vargas JM, Malla A, Vimolmangkang S. The Potential of Algal Biotechnology to Produce Antiviral Compounds and Biopharmaceuticals. Molecules 2020; 25:E4049. [PMID: 32899754 PMCID: PMC7571207 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to an unprecedented pandemic, which demands urgent development of antiviral drugs and antibodies; as well as prophylactic approaches, namely vaccines. Algae biotechnology has much to offer in this scenario given the diversity of such organisms, which are a valuable source of antiviral and anti-inflammatory compounds that can also be used to produce vaccines and antibodies. Antivirals with possible activity against SARS-CoV-2 are summarized, based on previously reported activity against Coronaviruses or other enveloped or respiratory viruses. Moreover, the potential of algae-derived anti-inflammatory compounds to treat severe cases of COVID-19 is contemplated. The scenario of producing biopharmaceuticals in recombinant algae is presented and the cases of algae-made vaccines targeting viral diseases is highlighted as valuable references for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Successful cases in the production of functional antibodies are described. Perspectives on how specific algae species and genetic engineering techniques can be applied for the production of anti-viral compounds antibodies and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.G.-S.); (O.G.-O.); (J.M.S.-V.)
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Ileana García-Silva
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.G.-S.); (O.G.-O.); (J.M.S.-V.)
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Omar González-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.G.-S.); (O.G.-O.); (J.M.S.-V.)
| | - José M. Sandoval-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.G.-S.); (O.G.-O.); (J.M.S.-V.)
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Ashwini Malla
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang S, Lu Z, Wang S, Liu W, Gao J, Tian L, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhao X, Wang W, Li C. The inhibitory effects and mechanisms of polymannuroguluronate sulfate against human papillomavirus infection in vitro and in vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116365. [PMID: 32507208 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are non-enveloped DNA viruses that infect epithelia and can cause a wide variety of benign and pre-malignant epithelial tumours. The sulfated polysaccharides such as carrageenans were reported to be able to interfere with the binding process of HPV to the cell surface. In this study, brown seaweed derived polysaccharides polymannuroguluronate sulfate (PMGS) were prepared, and their anti-HPV effects were explored in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that PMGS effectively inhibited high-risk HPV16 and HPV45 infection with very low toxicity. PMGS may inactivate HPV particles or block the binding and entry process of HPV through direct interaction with viral capsid proteins. PMGS can enter into HeLa cells and down-regulate the expression levels of viral oncogene proteins E6 and E7. In addition, PMGS also dramatically inhibited HPV infection on the skin of BALB/c Nude Mice. Thus, marine derived polysaccharide PMGS possessed anti-HPV activities in vitro and in vivo, and may block HPV infection via targeting viral capsid L1 protein, suggesting that it has great potential to be developed into a novel anti-HPV agent in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; The Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiangming Gao
- The Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Linan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Li Wang
- The Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; The Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; The Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China.
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; The Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Toxicological evaluation of Sargassum Wightii greville derived fucoidan in wistar rats: Haematological, biochemical and histopathological evidences. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:874-882. [PMID: 32760655 PMCID: PMC7390788 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to investigate the acute and subacute toxicity profile of fucoidan obtained from Sargassum wightii Greville, a brown marine algae in order to assess its safety. Methods Fucoidan was isolated from Sargassum wightii Greviile and subjected to FTIR analysis to confirm the functional groups. In acute toxicity study, a single dose of fucoidan (2000 mg/kg) was orally administered to three female rats as per OECD guideline 423. OECD guidelines 407 was adopted for subacute toxicity study. Fucoidan was orally administered to male and female rats at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were carried out. Results FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of major functional groups. The animals did not show any remarkable toxic signs or mortality in acute toxicity study at single oral administration of fucoidan at the dose of 2000 mg/kg bodyweight. In subacute toxicity, no statistically significant difference in body weight, relative weight of vital organs, food and water intake compared to the control group was observed. Serum glucose and cholesterol showed a statistically significant reduction at all the doses when compared to normal control and the reduction was in a dose dependent manner. There were no other changes observed in biochemical or haematological parameters. Histopathological analysis showed no significant toxic signs at organ levels in treated groups when compared to normal control. Conclusions Based on the results obtained from acute and subacute toxicity study, fucoidan is considered to be safe in the models tested, which encourages its long term administration for medicinal uses. This study supports the application of fucoidan as a traditional medicine.
Collapse
|
48
|
Anestopoulos I, Kiousi DE, Klavaris A, Maijo M, Serpico A, Suarez A, Sanchez G, Salek K, Chasapi SA, Zompra AA, Galanis A, Spyroulias GA, Gombau L, Euston SR, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Marine-Derived Surface Active Agents: Health-Promoting Properties and Blue Biotechnology-Based Applications. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E885. [PMID: 32526944 PMCID: PMC7355491 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface active agents are characterized for their capacity to adsorb to fluid and solid-water interfaces. They can be classified as surfactants and emulsifiers based on their molecular weight (MW) and properties. Over the years, the chemical surfactant industry has been rapidly increasing to meet consumer demands. Consequently, such a boost has led to the search for more sustainable and biodegradable alternatives, as chemical surfactants are non-biodegradable, thus causing an adverse effect on the environment. To these ends, many microbial and/or marine-derived molecules have been shown to possess various biological properties that could allow manufacturers to make additional health-promoting claims for their products. Our aim, in this review article, is to provide up to date information of critical health-promoting properties of these molecules and their use in blue-based biotechnology (i.e., biotechnology using aquatic organisms) with a focus on food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical/biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Despina-Evgenia Kiousi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Ariel Klavaris
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Monica Maijo
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Annabel Serpico
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Alba Suarez
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Guiomar Sanchez
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Karina Salek
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.S.); (S.R.E.)
| | - Stylliani A. Chasapi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece; (S.A.C.); (A.A.Z.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Aikaterini A. Zompra
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece; (S.A.C.); (A.A.Z.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Georgios A. Spyroulias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece; (S.A.C.); (A.A.Z.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Lourdes Gombau
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Stephen R. Euston
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.S.); (S.R.E.)
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy & Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lafarga T, Acién-Fernández FG, Garcia-Vaquero M. Bioactive peptides and carbohydrates from seaweed for food applications: Natural occurrence, isolation, purification, and identification. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
50
|
Krylova NV, Ermakova SP, Lavrov VF, Leneva IA, Kompanets GG, Iunikhina OV, Nosik MN, Ebralidze LK, Falynskova IN, Silchenko AS, Zaporozhets TS. The Comparative Analysis of Antiviral Activity of Native and Modified Fucoidans from Brown Algae Fucus evanescens In Vitro and In Vivo. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E224. [PMID: 32331442 PMCID: PMC7230360 DOI: 10.3390/md18040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic depolymerization of fucoidans from brown algae allowed the production of their standardized derivatives with different biological activities. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of native (FeF) and modified with enzyme (FeHMP) fucoidans from F. evanescens. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activities of the FeF and FeHMP against herpes viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), enterovirus (ECHO-1), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in Vero and human MT-4 cell lines were examined by methylthiazolyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assays, respectively. The efficacy of fucoidans in vivo was evaluated in the outbred mice model of vaginitis caused by HSV-2. We have shown that both FeF and FeHMP significantly inhibited virus-induced CPE in vitro and were more effective against HSV. FeF exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-2 with a selective index (SI) > 40, and FeHMP with SI ˃ 20, when they were added before virus infection or at the early stages of the HSV-2 lifecycle. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that after intraperitoneal administration (10 mg/kg), both FeF and FeHMP protected mice from lethal intravaginal HSV-2 infection to approximately the same degree (44-56%). Thus, FeF and FeHMP have comparable potency against several DNA and RNA viruses, allowing us to consider the studied fucoidans as promising broad-spectrum antivirals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V. Krylova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (G.G.K.); (O.V.I.); (T.S.Z.)
| | - Svetlana P. Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (S.P.E.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Vyacheslav F. Lavrov
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (V.F.L.); (I.A.L.); (M.N.N.); (L.K.E.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Irina A. Leneva
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (V.F.L.); (I.A.L.); (M.N.N.); (L.K.E.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Galina G. Kompanets
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (G.G.K.); (O.V.I.); (T.S.Z.)
| | - Olga V. Iunikhina
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (G.G.K.); (O.V.I.); (T.S.Z.)
| | - Marina N. Nosik
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (V.F.L.); (I.A.L.); (M.N.N.); (L.K.E.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Linna K. Ebralidze
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (V.F.L.); (I.A.L.); (M.N.N.); (L.K.E.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Irina N. Falynskova
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (V.F.L.); (I.A.L.); (M.N.N.); (L.K.E.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Artem S. Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (S.P.E.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Tatyana S. Zaporozhets
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (G.G.K.); (O.V.I.); (T.S.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|