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Káčerová S, Muchová M, Doudová H, Münster L, Hanulíková B, Valášková K, Kašpárková V, Kuřitka I, Humpolíček P, Víchová Z, Vašíček O, Vícha J. Chitosan/dialdehyde cellulose hydrogels with covalently anchored polypyrrole: Novel conductive, antibacterial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory materials. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121640. [PMID: 38171669 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this work, conductive composite hydrogels with covalently attached polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles are prepared. Hydrogels are based on partially re-acetylated chitosan soluble at physiological pH without any artificial structural modifications or need for an acidic environment, which simplifies synthesis and purification. Low-toxic and sustainable dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) was used for crosslinking chitosan and covalent anchoring of PPy colloidal particles. The condensation reaction between DAC and PPy is reported for the first time and improves not only the anchoring of PPy particles but also control over the properties of the final composite. The soluble chitosan and PPy particles are shown to act in synergy, which improves the biological properties of the materials. Prepared composite hydrogels are non-cytotoxic, non-irritating, antibacterial, can capture reactive oxygen species often related to excessive inflammation, have conductivity similar to human tissues, enhance in vitro cell growth (migration assay), and have immunomodulatory effects related to the stimulation of neutrophils and macrophages. The covalent attachment of PPy also strengthens the hydrogel network. The aldol condensation as a method for PPy covalent anchoring thus presents an interesting possibility for the development of advanced biomaterials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Káčerová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Muchová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Doudová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Münster
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hanulíková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Valášková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Kašpárková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; Department of Fat, Surfactant and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Kuřitka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; Department of Fat, Surfactant and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Víchová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Vašíček
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolská 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Vícha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
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Korábková E, Kašpárková V, Vašíček O, Víchová Z, Káčerová S, Valášková K, Urbánková L, Vícha J, Münster L, Skopalová K, Humpolíček P. Pickering emulsions as an effective route for the preparation of bioactive composites: A study of nanocellulose/polyaniline particles with immunomodulatory effect. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121429. [PMID: 37940298 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported on application of cellulose particles for stabilizing Pickering emulsions (PE). Here we employ an original approach that involves using these particles as a part of advanced composite colloids made of conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) or nanofibrils (CNF). PANI/cellulose particles were prepared using oxidative polymerization of aniline in situ in the presence of CNC or CNF. The type and amount of celluloses (CNC vs CNF) and concentration of precursors (aniline monomer and oxidant) used in the reaction determined properties of the colloidal particles, such as size, morphology and content of PANI. The particles demonstrated intriguing biological characteristics, including no cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, antioxidant activity and related immunomodulatory activity. For the first time, such composites were used to successfully stabilize oil-in-water PE with undecane or capric/caprylic triglyceride oils. The properties of the emulsions were determined by the PANI/cellulose particles and oil used. The key finding of the study is the demonstrated ability of PANI/cellulose particles to stabilize PE, as well as the excellent antioxidant activity and ROS scavenging action originating from PANI presence, indicating potential of such systems for use in biomedicine, particularly for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Korábková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nám. T.G.Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Kašpárková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nám. T.G.Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Department of Fat, Surfactant and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vašíček
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Víchová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nám. T.G.Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Káčerová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nám. T.G.Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Valášková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nám. T.G.Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Urbánková
- Department of Fat, Surfactant and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vícha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nám. T.G.Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Münster
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nám. T.G.Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Skopalová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nám. T.G.Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nám. T.G.Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Department of Fat, Surfactant and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
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Ortiz-Mendoza N, Martínez-Gordillo MJ, Martínez-Ambriz E, Basurto-Peña FA, González-Trujano ME, Aguirre-Hernández E. Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Properties of the Subfamily Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae) in Inflammatory Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3752. [PMID: 37960108 PMCID: PMC10648697 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Nepetoideae is the most diverse subfamily of Lamiaceae, and some species are well known for their culinary and medicinal uses. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the therapeutic properties of the species of this group regarding inflammatory illnesses. This study aims to collect information on traditional uses through ethnobotanical, pharmacological, and phytochemical information of the subfamily Nepetoideae related to inflammatory diseases. UNAM electronic resources were used to obtain the information. The analysis of the most relevant literature was compiled and organised in tables. From this, about 106 species of the subfamily are traditionally recognised to alleviate chronic pain associated with inflammation. Pharmacological studies have been carried out in vitro and in vivo on approximately 308 species belonging to the genera Salvia, Ocimum, Thymus, Mentha, Origanum, Lavandula, and Melissa. Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluations have been performed and mostly prepared as essential oil or high polarity extracts, whose secondary metabolites are mainly of a phenolic nature. Other interesting and explored metabolites are diterpenes from the abietane, clerodane, and kaurane type; however, they have only been described in some species of the genera Salvia and Isodon. This review reveals that the Nepetoideae subfamily is an important source for therapeutics of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ortiz-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha Juana Martínez-Gordillo
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Martínez-Ambriz
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico;
| | | | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Eva Aguirre-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
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Atanasova A, Petrova A, Teneva D, Ognyanov M, Georgiev Y, Nenov N, Denev P. Subcritical Water Extraction of Rosmarinic Acid from Lemon Balm ( Melissa officinalis L.) and Its Effect on Plant Cell Wall Constituents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040888. [PMID: 37107263 PMCID: PMC10135751 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, is a potent radical scavenger, a chelator of prooxidant ions, and an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. RA-containing extracts are widely used natural antioxidants in food products, and many herbal preparations and food supplements, containing RA, are marketed with claims of beneficial health effects. The current study investigated the effectiveness of subcritical water extraction (SWE) for the recovery of RA from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), as a "green" alternative to conventional hydro-alcoholic extraction. Different durations (10 min and 20 min) and extraction temperatures (100 °C and 150 °C) were applied. Subcritical water applied at a temperature of 100 °C was equally efficient as 50% ethanol in extracting RA. However, the further elevation of temperature to 150 °C decreased RA content by up to 20% due to thermal degradation. The content of RA in dried extracts was between 2.36% and 5.55% and the higher temperature of SWE increased extract yield by up to 41%. The higher extraction yield resulted from the degradation of plant material by subcritical water as evidenced by the increased extraction and degradation of proteins, pectin, and cellulose. These results reveal that SWE is an efficient technology for the extraction of RA and other antioxidants from lemon balm at reduced extraction time and without the use of toxic organic solvents. Furthermore, by modification of SWE conditions, dry extracts with different purity and content of RA are obtained. These extracts could be used in the food industry as food antioxidants, or in the development of food supplements and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Atanasova
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ani Petrova
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Teneva
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Manol Ognyanov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Georgiev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov University, 1 Prof. Yakim Yakimov Blvd., 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - Nenko Nenov
- InnoSolv Ltd., 4 Skayler Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Petko Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Gan L, Wang J, Guo Y. Polysaccharides influence human health via microbiota-dependent and -independent pathways. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1030063. [PMID: 36438731 PMCID: PMC9682087 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are the most diverse molecules and can be extracted from abundant edible materials. Increasing research has been conducted to clarify the structure and composition of polysaccharides obtained from different materials and their effects on human health. Humans can only directly assimilate very limited polysaccharides, most of which are conveyed to the distal gut and fermented by intestinal microbiota. Therefore, the main mechanism underlying the bioactive effects of polysaccharides on human health involves the interaction between polysaccharides and microbiota. Recently, interest in the role of polysaccharides in gut health, obesity, and related disorders has increased due to the wide range of valuable biological activities of polysaccharides. The known roles include mechanisms that are microbiota-dependent and involve microbiota-derived metabolites and mechanisms that are microbiota-independent. In this review, we discuss the role of polysaccharides in gut health and metabolic diseases and the underlying mechanisms. The findings in this review provide information on functional polysaccharides in edible materials and facilitate dietary recommendations for people with health issues. To uncover the effects of polysaccharides on human health, more clinical trials should be conducted to confirm the therapeutic effects on gut and metabolic disease. Greater attention should be directed toward polysaccharide extraction from by-products or metabolites derived from food processing that are unsuitable for direct consumption, rather than extracting them from edible materials. In this review, we advanced the understanding of the structure and composition of polysaccharides, the mutualistic role of gut microbes, the metabolites from microbiota-fermenting polysaccharides, and the subsequent outcomes in human health and disease. The findings provide insight into the proper application of polysaccharides in improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Gan
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911279. [PMID: 36232580 PMCID: PMC9569544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we elucidated the structural characteristics of a polysaccharide isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (labeled as GP2a) and its immunomodulatory activity. GP2a is an acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 44.8 kDa, mostly comprising galacturonic acid. Methylation analysis revealed 4-GalpA (74.8%) to be the major sugar residue in GP2a. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated that its main chain comprised →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ and →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, with galactan and arabinans linked to the C-4 position of →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ residue as branched chains. Furthermore, GP2a showed no obvious toxicity to macrophages (RAW 264.7) while enhancing cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Compared with untreated cells, nitric oxide production and secretion of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, in GP2a-treated cells significantly increased after 48 h. At 300 µg/mL GP2a concentration, there was no significant difference in the cytokine levels in GP2a- and lipopolysaccharide-treated cells (the positive control). In summary, GP2a is a pectic polysaccharide with homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I structural regions in the main chain. Based on its immunomodulatory effects in vitro, GP2a may have potential uses in functional food and medicine.
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Structural Features and Immunomodulatory Effects of Water-Extractable Polysaccharides from Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080848. [PMID: 36012836 PMCID: PMC9410249 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolepiota procera (MP) is an edible mushroom used in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension and inflammation. However, the structure and biological effects of its polysaccharides (PSs) are unclear. This study investigates the structural features of a PS complex from MP (MP-PSC), its immunomodulatory activities and effects on probiotic and pathogenic bacteria. MP-PSC was obtained by boiling water, and PSs were characterized by 2D NMR spectroscopy. The immunomodulatory effects on blood and derived neutrophils, other leukocytes, and murine macrophages were studied by flow cytometry, chemiluminescence, spectrophotometry, and ELISA. The total carbohydrate content of MP-PSC was 74.2%, with glycogen occupying 36.7%, followed by β-D-glucan, α-L-fuco-2-(1,6)-D-galactan, and β-D-glucomannan. MP-PSC (200 μg/mL) increased the number of CD14+ monocyte cells in the blood, after ex vivo incubation for 24 h. It dose-dependently (50–200 μg/mL) activated the spontaneous oxidative burst of whole blood phagocytes, NO, and interleukin 6 productions in RAW264.7 cells. MP-PSC exhibited a low antioxidant activity and failed to suppress the oxidative burst and NO generation, induced by inflammatory agents. It (2.0%, w/v) stimulated probiotic co-cultures and hindered the growth and biofilm development of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans and Salmonella enterica. MP PSs can be included in synbiotics to test their immunostimulating effects on compromised immune systems and gut health.
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Georgiev YN, Dzhambazov BM, Batsalova TG, Vasicek O, Dobreva LI, Denev PN, Danova ST, Simova SD, Wold CW, Ognyanov MH, Paulsen BS, Krastanov AI. Structural characterization of polysaccharides from Geranium sanguineum L. and their immunomodulatory effects in response to inflammatory agents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115390. [PMID: 35584721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Geranium sanguineum L. is used for treatment of inflammations, anemia, malignant diseases of the blood-forming organs, diarrhea, respiratory infections, etc. Only flavonoids in root extracts have been elucidated as immunostimulating and anti-inflammatory compounds, and polysaccharides in the herb have not been examined. AIM OF THE STUDY to compare the chemical features of polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) from leaves (GSL-PSC) and roots (GSR-PSC) of G. sanguineum, as well as their immunomodulatory activities on leukocytes after inflammation, and effects on the growth of different bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples were isolated by water extraction and their structural features were studied by 2D NMR spectroscopy. The stimulatory effects of both PSCs on human leukocytes were analyzed with flow cytometry. Their suppressive activities on the oxidative burst in blood and derived neutrophils against opsonized zymosan and phorbol myristate acetate were investigated. The effects of the samples on viability, NO and interleukin 6 (IL-6) syntheses in RAW264.7 cells after inflammation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were tested. The prebiotic and anti-biofilm activities of the PSCs were evaluated. RESULTS The total carbohydrate content in the samples was significant (73.6-76.8%). GSL-PSC contained pectins, which were rich in homogalacturonan (HG), and smaller amounts of rhamnogalacturonan (RG) type I, decorated by 1,5-α-L-Araf, 1,4- and 1,6-β-D-Galp chains. GSR-PSC contained starch, followed by pectins with lower HG content and more RG-I regions, substituted by 1 → 3,5-α-L-arabinans and 1 → 3,6-β-D-galactans. GSL-PSC and GSR-PSC (200 μg/mL) increased monocyte and granulocyte cell counts, but GSR-PSC also elevated T helper and B cell levels in a normal and activated state. GSR-PSC triggered a dose-dependent (50-200 μg/mL) oxidative burst in blood, but alleviated it after inflammation even in blood-derived neutrophils. It was free of LPS, and activated NO and IL-6 productions in RAW264.7 cells better than GSL-PSC, without affecting their viability. Both PSCs (2.0%, w/v) stimulated probiotic co-cultures between Clostridium beijerinckii strains and Lactobacillus sp. ZK9, and inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans and Salmonella enterica. CONCLUSIONS The PSs in G. sanguineum could be involved in the stimulatory effects on blood-forming organs and anti-inflammatory action of aqueous root extracts in case of infections. These PSs should be included in synbiotic foods to support the treatment of inflammations and infections in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan N Georgiev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Balik M Dzhambazov
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Assen Str, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Tsvetelina G Batsalova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Assen Str, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Ondrej Vasicek
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 135 Kralovopolska, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lili I Dobreva
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Petko N Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Svetla T Danova
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Svetlana D Simova
- Bulgarian NMR Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Christian W Wold
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Manol H Ognyanov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Berit S Paulsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Albert I Krastanov
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Jasenská D, Kašpárková V, Vašíček O, Münster L, Minařík A, Káčerová S, Korábková E, Urbánková L, Vícha J, Capáková Z, Falleta E, Della Pina C, Lehocký M, Skopalová K, Humpolíček P. Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymerization Process: A Novel Approach to the Preparation of Polyaniline Colloidal Dispersions with an Immunomodulatory Effect. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3359-3370. [PMID: 35900922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A green, nature-friendly synthesis of polyaniline colloidal particles based on enzyme-assisted oxidation of aniline with horseradish peroxidase and chitosan or poly(vinyl alcohol) as steric stabilizers was successfully employed. Physicochemical characterization revealed formation of particles containing the polyaniline emeraldine salt and demonstrated only a minor effect of polymer stabilizers on particle morphology. All tested colloidal particles showed in vitro antioxidation activity determined via scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. In vitro, they were able to reduce oxidative stress and inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effect observed was related to their antioxidant activity, especially in the case of neutrophils. The particles can thus be especially advantageous as active components of biomaterials modulating the early stages of inflammation. In addition to the immunomodulatory effect, the presence of intrinsically conducting polyaniline can impart cell-instructive properties to the particles. The approach to particle synthesis that we employed─an original one using environmentally friendly and biocompatible horseradish peroxidase─represents a smart way of preparing conducting particles with unique properties, which can be further modified by the stabilizers used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jasenská
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Kašpárková
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vašíček
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Münster
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Minařík
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Káčerová
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Korábková
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Urbánková
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vícha
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Capáková
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Ermelinda Falleta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Della Pina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marián Lehocký
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Skopalová
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
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10
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Hao W, Li K, Ge X, Yang H, Xu C, Liu S, Yu H, Li P, Xing R. The Effect of N-Acetylation on the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Chitooligosaccharides and Its Potential for Relieving Endotoxemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158205. [PMID: 35897781 PMCID: PMC9330575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxemia is mainly caused by a massive burst of inflammatory cytokines as a result of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) invasion. Chitooligosaccharides (COS) is expected to be a potential drug for relieving endotoxemia due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the structural parameters of COS are often ambiguous, and the effect of degree of acetylation (DA) of COS on its anti-inflammatory remains unknown. In this study, four COSs with different DAs (0%, 12%, 50% and 85%) and the same oligomers distribution were successfully obtained. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS analysis. Then, the effect of DA on the anti-inflammatory activity and relieving endotoxemia potential of COS was researched. The results revealed that COS with a DA of 12% had better anti-inflammatory activity than COSs with other DAs, mainly in inhibiting LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines burst, down-regulating its mRNA expression and reducing phosphorylation of IκBα. Furthermore, this COS showed an obviously protective effect on endotoxemia mice, such as inhibiting the increase in inflammatory cytokines and transaminases, alleviating the injury of liver and intestinal tissue. This study explored the effect of DA on the anti-inflammatory activity of COS for the first time and lays the foundation for the development of COS as an anti-inflammatory drug against endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Hao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (W.H.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.X.); (S.L.); (H.Y.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (W.H.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.X.); (S.L.); (H.Y.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (R.X.); Tel.: +86-0532-82898512 (K.L.); +86-0532-82898780 (R.X.)
| | - Xiangyun Ge
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (W.H.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.X.); (S.L.); (H.Y.); (P.L.)
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Haoyue Yang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (W.H.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.X.); (S.L.); (H.Y.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (W.H.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.X.); (S.L.); (H.Y.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Song Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (W.H.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.X.); (S.L.); (H.Y.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (W.H.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.X.); (S.L.); (H.Y.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (W.H.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.X.); (S.L.); (H.Y.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (W.H.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.X.); (S.L.); (H.Y.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (R.X.); Tel.: +86-0532-82898512 (K.L.); +86-0532-82898780 (R.X.)
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11
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Swelling, Protein Adsorption, and Biocompatibility In Vitro of Gel Beads Prepared from Pectin of Hogweed Heracleum sosnówskyi Manden in Comparison with Gel Beads from Apple Pectin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063388. [PMID: 35328806 PMCID: PMC8954847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to develop gel beads with improved functional properties and biocompatibility from hogweed (HS) pectin. HS4 and AP4 gel beads were prepared from the HS pectin and apple pectin (AP) using gelling with calcium ions. HS4 and AP4 gel beads swelled in PBS in dependence on pH. The swelling degree of HS4 and AP4 gel beads was 191 and 136%, respectively, in PBS at pH 7.4. The hardness of HS4 and AP4 gel beads reduced 8.2 and 60 times, respectively, compared with the initial value after 24 h incubation. Both pectin gel beads swelled less in Hanks’ solution than in PBS and swelled less in Hanks’ solution containing peritoneal macrophages than in cell-free Hanks’ solution. Serum protein adsorption by HS4 and AP4 gel beads was 118 ± 44 and 196 ± 68 μg/cm2 after 24 h of incubation. Both pectin gel beads demonstrated low rates of hemolysis and complement activation. However, HS4 gel beads inhibited the LPS-stimulated secretion of TNF-α and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB by macrophages, whereas AP4 gel beads stimulated the inflammatory response of macrophages. HS4 gel beads adsorbed 1.3 times more LPS and adhered to 1.6 times more macrophages than AP4 gel beads. Thus, HS pectin gel has advantages over AP gel concerning swelling behavior, protein adsorption, and biocompatibility.
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12
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Pectic polysaccharides: Targeting gut microbiota in obesity and intestinal health. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Characterization and Biocompatibility Properties In Vitro of Gel Beads Based on the Pectin and κ-Carrageenan. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020094. [PMID: 35200624 PMCID: PMC8878971 DOI: 10.3390/md20020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of kappa (κ)-carrageenan on the initial stages of the foreign body response against pectin gel. Pectin-carrageenan (P-Car) gel beads were prepared from the apple pectin and κ-carrageenan using gelling with calcium ions. The inclusion of 0.5% κ-carrageenan (Car0.5) in the 1.5 (P1.5) and 2% pectin (P2) gel formulations decreased the gel strength by 2.5 times. Car0.5 was found to increase the swelling of P2 gel beads in the cell culture medium. P2 gel beads adsorbed 30–42 mg/g of bovine serum albumin (BSA) depending on pH. P2-Car0.2, P2-Car0.5, and P1.5-Car0.5 beads reduced BSA adsorption by 3.1, 5.2, and 4.0 times compared to P2 beads, respectively, at pH 7. The P1.5-Car0.5 beads activated complement and induced the haemolysis less than gel beads of pure pectin. Moreover, P1.5-Car0.5 gel beads allowed less adhesion of mouse peritoneal macrophages, TNF-α production, and NF-κB activation than the pure pectin gel beads. There were no differences in TLR4 and ICAM-1 levels in macrophages treated with P and P-Car gel beads. P2-Car0.5 hydrogel demonstrated lower adhesion to serous membrane than P2 hydrogel. Thus, the data obtained indicate that the inclusion of κ-carrageenan in the apple pectin gel improves its biocompatibility.
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14
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Georgiev YN, Batsalova TG, Dzhambazov BM, Ognyanov MH, Denev PN, Antonova DV, Wold CW, Yanakieva IZ, Teneva II, Paulsen BS, Simova SD. Immunomodulating polysaccharide complexes and antioxidant metabolites from Anabaena laxa, Oscillatoria limosa and Phormidesmis molle. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Ognyanov M, Remoroza CA, Schols HA, Petkova NT, Georgiev YN. Structural study of a pectic polysaccharide fraction isolated from "mountain tea" (Sideritis scardica Griseb.). Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117798. [PMID: 33712146 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the structural characteristics of an acid-extracted polysaccharide fraction from mountain tea. The monosaccharide composition revealed that uronic acids (72.4 mol%) considerably predominated in the fraction, followed by smaller amounts of galactose (14.5 mol%) and glucose (6.2 mol%). The fraction contained mostly a highly methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (HG) - 71 mol%. The pectin had a high molecular weight population (∼60-100 kDa). Enzymatic fingerprinting was employed with a combination of HG degrading enzymes and LC-HILIC-MS, HPAEC, HPSEC to examine the structure in greater detail. Unsaturated oligomers released indicated the presence of large blocks of highly methyl-esterified GalA residues. Furthermore, the presence of blocks of non-esterified GalA residues and partly methyl-esterified and acetylated GalA residues in HG domain was demonstrated. The research findings provide a basis for further investigations regarding biological activity and commercial exploitation of mountain tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manol Ognyanov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Connie A Remoroza
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8362, USA.
| | - Henk A Schols
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nadezhda Tr Petkova
- University of Food Technologies, Technological Faculty, Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Yordan N Georgiev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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16
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Niu X, Shang H, Chen S, Chen R, Huang J, Miao Y, Cui W, Wang H, Sha Z, Peng D, Zhu R. Effects of Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharides on intestinal microenvironment and colitis in mice. Food Funct 2020; 12:252-266. [PMID: 33295902 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The stability of the intestinal microenvironment is the basis for maintaining the normal physiological activities of the intestine. On the contrary, disordered dynamic processes lead to chronic inflammation and disease pathology. Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide (PPPS), isolated from Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen, has been reported with extensive biological activities, including immune regulation. However, the role of PPPS in the intestinal microenvironment and intestinal diseases is still unknown. In this work, we initiated our investigation by using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to assess the effect of PPPS on gut microbiota in mice. The result showed that PPPS regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice and increased the proportion of probiotics. Subsequently, we established immunosuppressive mice using cyclophosphamide (CTX) and found that PPPS regulated the immunosuppressive state of lymphocytes in Peyer's patches (PPs). Moreover, PPPS also regulated systemic immunity by acting on intestinal PPs. PPPS alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced Caco2 cell damage, indicating that PPPS has the ability to reduce the damage and effectively improve the barrier dysfunction in Caco2 cells. In addition, PPPS alleviated colonic injury and relieved colitis symptoms in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Overall, our findings indicate that PPPS shows a practical regulatory effect in the intestinal microenvironment, which provides an essential theoretical basis for us to develop the potential application value of PPPS further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongqi Shang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Siyan Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ruichang Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongqiang Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Wenping Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Duo Peng
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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17
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Vasicek O, Rubanova D, Chytkova B, Kubala L. Natural pseurotins inhibit proliferation and inflammatory responses through the inactivation of STAT signaling pathways in macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111348. [PMID: 32376338 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural pseurotins, secondary metabolites of fungi, commonly produced by various species such as Aspergillus flavus with suggested significant biological effects. However, little is known about effects of pseurotins on immune system functions. METHODS Effects of pseurotin A and D on proliferation and viability of macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated together with mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Macrophage response to lipopolysaccharide was analyzed based on determination of nitric oxide (NO) production, expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor production. Activation of selected signaling pathways, particularly STAT and MAPK, as well as expression of cyclins were determined. RESULTS Natural pseurotins A and D in concentrations of up to 50 μM significantly inhibit proliferation of RAW 264.7 macrophages which was not complemented by induction of cell toxicity. The inhibition of cell proliferation was accompanied by downregulation of expression of cyclins and mitochondrial respiration via inhibition of particularly STAT3 phosphorylation. Both pseurotins significantly inhibited production of NO, expression of iNOS and IL-6 production. CONCLUSION Our results advance the current mechanistic understanding of the pseurotin-induced inhibition of proliferation, metabolic respiration and functional responses in macrophages by linking the effect to JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Vasicek
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Rubanova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Chytkova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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18
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Sabater C, Molina-Tijeras JA, Vezza T, Corzo N, Montilla A, Utrilla P. Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of artichoke pectin and modified pectin fractions in the dextran sulfate sodium model of mice colitis. Artificial neural network modelling of inflammatory markers. Food Funct 2020; 10:7793-7805. [PMID: 31781703 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory properties of artichoke pectin and modified fractions (arabinose- and galactose-free) used at two doses (40 and 80 mg kg-1) in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium have been investigated. Expression of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and ICAM-I decreased in groups of mice treated with original and arabinose-free artichoke pectin while IL-1β and IL-6 liberation was reduced only in mice groups treated with original artichoke pectin. A decrease in iNOS and TLR-4 expression was observed for most treatments. Intestinal barrier gene expression was also determined. MUC-1 and Occludin increased in groups treated with original artichoke pectin while MUC-3 expression also increased in arabinose-free pectin treatment. Galactose elimination led to a loss of pectin bioactivity. Characteristic expression profiles were established for each treatment through artificial neural networks showing high accuracy rates (≥90%). These results highlight the potential amelioration of inflammatory bowel disease on mice model colitis through artichoke pectin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sabater
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL, (CSIC-UAM) CEI (UAM+CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Georgiev YN, Ognyanov MH, Denev PN. The ancient Thracian endemic plant Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. and related species: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112359. [PMID: 31676402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Haberlea rhodopensis (HR) use dates back to the Thracian and Roman periods. Bulgarians call it Orpheus flower and exploit its leaves for making tea and extracts with detoxifying, tonic, restorative and rejuvenating effects. HR was traditionally applied in wound healing and treatment of cattle diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The general aim of the review was to analyze the progress of phytochemical and pharmacological studies on HR, focusing on its radioprotective and immunomodulating effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main source material for the review was collected using several global search engines with the phrase: Haberlea rhodopensis, as well as Bulgarian books and dissertations. RESULTS HR metabolite profile includes large amounts of free sugars, polyols, polysaccharides (PS), flavonoids, phenolic acids and carotenoids. The radioprotective effect of 70% ethanolic leaf extract (70HREE) is explained by preservation of lymphocytes, other blood cells and testicular tissue from aberration under γ-radiation via stimulation of antioxidant enzymes and neutralization of free radicals. The extract immunomodulating activity results from raised antibody response, stem and neutrophil cell count, complement system activation, anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory effects. The detoxifying, restorative, rejuvenating and wound healing plant properties known to ethnomedicine were supported by radioprotective and immunomodulating studies. CONCLUSIONS Metabolites of phenolic origin involved in HR resurrection are supposed to contribute to its radioprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-aging effects. However, there is no chemical characterization of 70HREE in the investigations with humans and animals. Structure-activity relationship studies on HR immunomodulating and radioprotective compounds, and on their mode of action are required. They should include not only phenols but PS and other unexplored molecules. The metabolic activity of phagocytes, platelets and lymphocytes triggered by HR extracts has to be examined to elucidate their immunostimulatory potential. HR formulations can be tested in cosmetic, food and medical products as adjuvants to treat infectious, chronic inflammatory and tumour diseases, and especially in patients undergoing radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan Nikolaev Georgiev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Manol Hristov Ognyanov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Petko Nedyalkov Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Ognyanov M, Remoroza C, Schols HA, Georgiev YN, Petkova NT, Krystyjan M. Structural, rheological and functional properties of galactose-rich pectic polysaccharide fraction from leek. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Zhang X, Yu Q, Jiang H, Ma C, David Wang HM, Wang J, Kang WY. A novel polysaccharide from Malus halliana Koehne with coagulant activity. Carbohydr Res 2019; 485:107813. [PMID: 31541938 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide in Malus halliana Koehne, named MHP-W, was isolated and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 columns. Structural features were identified by high performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatography (GC) and (1D & 2D) NMR Spectroscopy. Structural characterization showed that the molecular weight of MHP-W was 353 kDa composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 2.59: 0.15: 0.23: 0.25: 9.70. The existence of β-glycosidic bond between the sugar units was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The effects of MHP-W on active part thrombin time (APTT), protothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB) were screened by a cell-based coagulation activity model. MHP-W could significantly shorten TT (p < 0.001) and increase FIB (p < 0.05) as compared with the control group. The results showed that MHP-W promoted bloodclotting through endogenous and exogenous coagulation pathways as well as increasing fibrinogen content, which indicated that MHP-W had procoagulant activities in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Qi Yu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Huimin Jiang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Changyang Ma
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hui Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Jinmei Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Wen-Yi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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Nie L, Xiao Q, Liu S, Li B, Duan J, Fan Y, Guo L, He C, Zhu H. Immune-enhancing effects of polysaccharides MLN-1 from by-product of Mai-luo-ning in vivo and in vitro. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1582612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Nie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Xiao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Fan
- Wujiang Agricultural Commission, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghua He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaxu Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Li J, Li S, Liu S, Wei C, Yan L, Ding T, Linhardt RJ, Liu D, Ye X, Chen S. Pectic oligosaccharides hydrolyzed from citrus canning processing water by Fenton reaction and their antiproliferation potentials. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:1025-1032. [PMID: 30465847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Citrus canning processing water contains a valuable and renewable source of biopolymers and bioactive compounds including pectic polysaccharides. Upgrading these processing wastes can not only alleviate environmental pollution but also add value to the commodity's production. In a previous study we recovered pectic polysaccharides from citrus canning processing water. In the present study, pectic polysaccharides recycled from citrus canning processing water was depolymerized by an optimized Fenton system. The hydrolyzate was fractionated via size-exclusion chromatography into six fractions: 500 Da < LMP1 < 3 kDa; 3 kDa < LMP2 < 5 kDa; 5 kDa < LMP3 < 12 kDa; 12 kDa < LMP4 < 25 kDa; 25 kDa < LMP5 < 100 kDa and LMP6 > 10 wDa. Structure analyses showed that LMP1 were homogalacturonans-enriched non-esterified polysaccharides. While LMP2 contained both HG and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). Further antitumor assay showed that in comparison with the native pectic polysaccharide with moderate antitumor activity, both LMP1 and LMP2 possessed significant antitumor activity, while the inhibitory effect of LMP1 was higher than that of LMP2, suggesting that the biological properties of LMPs was influenced by structural characteristics, including molecular weight and monosaccharide composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shan Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaoyang Wei
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lufeng Yan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tian Ding
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Donghong Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Isolation and Characterization of Pectic Polysaccharide Fraction from In Vitro Suspension Culture of Fumaria officinalis L. INT J POLYM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/5705036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, an acidic polysaccharide from the in vitro suspension culture of Fumaria officinalis L. was obtained by extraction with 0.8% (w/v) aqueous ammonium oxalate. The polysaccharide fraction mainly consisted of galacturonic acid (41.0%), followed by galactose (7.3%) and arabinose (5.6%). This suggests the presence of arabinogalactan side chains in the rhamnogalacturonan-I segment of the studied pectin, which was mainly built up by homogalacturonan segments. The pectin was evaluated as low-methyl-esterified (45.0%) with degree of acetylation 3.4%. The polymer fraction was consisted of different molecular weight populations in the range of 6–600 kDa. The high amount of 4-L-hydroxyproline (11.7% of total protein) and the specific positive reaction to Yariv’s phenylglycoside reagent indicated the presence of an arabinogalactan protein in the cell walls. The functional properties of the polysaccharide fraction were evaluated, as it possessed better water-holding capacity than oil-holding capacity. The studied pectin demonstrated significant foaming ability and promising emulsifying properties in a concentration 1%. Therefore, the isolated polysaccharide fraction could be successfully used as emulsifier and foaming agent in food products and pharmaceutical supplements.
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Abstract
The Lavandula genus, belonging to the Lamiaceae, includes 39 species, with nearly 400 registered cultivars. Lavandula are worldwide plants that occur over the Mediterranean, Europe, North Africa, southwest Asia to southeast India. Lavandula plants have been used since ancient time to flavor and preserved food, to treat diseases including wound healing, sedative, antispasmodic, microbial and viral infections. Numerous researches have described the chemical composition and the primary components of lavender oils are the monoterpenoids (linalool, linalyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, β-ocimene, terpinen-4-ol, and camphor), sesquiterpenoids (β-caryophyllene and nerolidol) and other terpenoid compounds (e.g., perillyl alcohol). The high concentrations of linalyl acetate make them attractive in perfumery, flavoring, cosmetics and soap industries. Currently, data on the antimicrobial activity of lavender plants have been scientifically confirmed. Indeed, lavender essential oils possess wide spectra of biological activities such as antispasmodic, carminative, analgesic, sedative, hypotensive, antiseptic, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiuretic and general tonic action. In addition, clinical studies support their uses as treatment of health conditions. However, further clinical studies are necessary to define the magnitude of the efficacy, mechanisms of action, optimal doses, long-term safety, and, potential side effects of lavender plants.
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Wells R, Truong F, Adal AM, Sarker LS, Mahmoud SS. Lavandula Essential Oils: A Current Review of Applications in Medicinal, Food, and Cosmetic Industries of Lavender. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global essential oil market has been steadily increasing in size over the past few years, and is estimated to reach ca. $7.5 billion USD per annum by 2018. Lavenders ( Lavandula; Lamiaceae) contribute significantly to this market, yielding ca. 1500 tons of essential oils which are primarily used in cosmetics, personal care products, and medicines. Recent literature indicates that these oils may also have applications in food preservation and pest control, among others. The medicinal and pharmaceutical properties of lavenders are chiefly due their essential oils, in particular the major essential oil constituents linalool and linalyl acetate, although certain activities have been attributed to the phenolic compounds. In addition, there is evidence that the major and minor essential oil constituents act synergistically to provide various biological effects. A substantial amount of current research focuses on evaluating the biological activities of lavender essential oils for potential use in traditional and complementary medicine, food systems, cosmetic and fragrance formulations, and insect control products. This review examines recent progress in these areas, and highlights the current and future implications for these economically and medicinally valuable plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wells
- The University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC Canada V1V 1V7
| | - Felisha Truong
- The University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC Canada V1V 1V7
| | - Ayelign M. Adal
- The University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC Canada V1V 1V7
| | - Lukman S. Sarker
- The University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC Canada V1V 1V7
| | - Soheil S. Mahmoud
- The University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC Canada V1V 1V7
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27
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Gao YY, Jiang Y, Chen GC, Li SS, Yang F, Ma Q. A Sensitive and Rapid UPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Monosaccharides and Anti-Allergic Effect of the Polysaccharides Extracted from Saposhnikoviae Radix. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081924. [PMID: 30071672 PMCID: PMC6222413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Allergic disease is a common clinical disease. Natural products provide an important source for a wide range of potential anti-allergic agents. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-allergic activities of the water-soluble polysaccharides extracted and purified from Saposhnikoviae Radix (SRPS). The composition and content of monosaccharides were determined to provide a material basis. Methods: An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established to determine the composition and content of SRPS. 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) mouse model orally administrated SRPS for seven consecutive days. Ear swelling, organ index, and serum IgE levels were observed to evaluate the anti-allergic activities. Results: The UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that SRPS was consisted of eight monosaccharides including galacturonic acid, mannose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose, fucose, ribose, and arabinose with a relative molar ratio of 4.42%, 7.86%, 23.69%, 12.06%, 3.10%, 0.45%, 0.71%, and 47.70%, respectively. SRPS could effectively reduce ear swelling, a thymus index, and a serum IgE levels. Conclusions: The method was simple, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible, which could be used to analyze and determine the monosaccharide composition of SRPS. The vivo experiments demonstrated that SRPS may effectively inhibit development of DNFB-induced DTH. SRPS is a novel potential resource for natural anti-allergic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Yue Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Guo-Chao Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Shuang-Shuang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Qun Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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28
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Dong CX, Liu L, Wang CY, Fu Z, Zhang Y, Hou X, Peng C, Ran RX, Yao Z. Structural characterization of polysaccharides from Saposhnikovia divaricata and their antagonistic effects against the immunosuppression by the culture supernatants of melanoma cells on RAW264.7 macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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do Nascimento GE, Winnischofer SMB, Ramirez MI, Iacomini M, Cordeiro LMC. The influence of sweet pepper pectin structural characteristics on cytokine secretion by THP-1 macrophages. Food Res Int 2017; 102:588-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang H, Bi H, Gao T, Zhao B, Ni W, Liu J. A homogalacturonan from Hippophae rhamnoides L. Berries enhance immunomodulatory activity through TLR4/MyD88 pathway mediated activation of macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1039-1045. [PMID: 28943439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study isolated a natural high-methoxyl homogalacturonan (HRWP-A) from Hippophae rhamnoides and showed antitumor activity in vivo. In this study, the immunomodulatory activity and mechanisms of action of HRWP-A were further investigated. Results showed that HRWP-A could recover the body condition and activated macrophage in Cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Further, we investigated the possible mechanism underlying the effects of HRWP-A on mouse peritoneal macrophages. qPCR and western blot revealed that HRWP-A upregulated the expression of TLR4 mRNA in vitro. This process was accompanied by a clear increase in MyD88 expression and p-IκB-α, but these effects were largely abrogated by pretreatment with anti-TLR4 antibodies. The effects of HRWP-A on macrophage NO, IL-1β and IL-6 production were also inhibited by anti-TLR4 antibodies and were greatly influenced by the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC. Moreover, HRWP-A failed to induce the production of NO, IL-1β and IL-6 in peritoneal macrophages prepared from C3H/HeJ mice, which have a point mutation in the Tlr4 gene, suggesting the involvement of the TLR4 molecule in HRWP-A-mediated macrophage activation. These results may have important implications for our understanding of the structure-activity relationship of immunopotentiating polysaccharides from medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongtao Bi
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Weihua Ni
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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