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Liu J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wu Z, Cui Z, Pan X, Zheng Y, Wang J, Wang K, Zhang Y. Intestinal lymphatic transport of Smilax china L. pectic polysaccharide via Peyer's patches and its uptake and transport mechanisms in mononuclear phagocytes. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122256. [PMID: 38823922 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the intestinal lymphatic transport based on Peyer's patches (PPs) is emerging as a promising absorption pathway for natural polysaccharides. Herein, the aim of this study is to investigate the PP-based oral absorption of a pectic polysaccharide from Smilax china L. (SCLP), as well as its uptake and transport mechanisms in related immune cells. Taking advantages of the traceability of fluorescently labeled SCLP, we confirmed that SCLP could be absorbed into PPs and captured by their mononuclear phagocytes (dendritic cells and macrophages) following oral administration. Subsequently, the systematic in vitro study suggested that the endocytic mechanisms of SCLP by model mononuclear phagocytes (BMDCs and RAW264.7 cells) mainly involved caveolae-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis and phagocytosis. More importantly, SCLP directly binds and interacts with toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and galectin 3 (Gal-3) receptor, and was taken up by mononuclear phagocytes in receptor-mediated manner. After internalization, SCLP was intracellularly transported primarily through endolysosomal pathway and ultimately localized in lysosomes. In summary, this work reveals novel information and perspectives about the in vivo fate of SCLP, which will contribute to further research and utilization of SCLP and other pectic polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xianglin Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Yuheng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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Prabsangob N, Hangsalad S, Harnsilawat T. Effect of Organic Acid-Aided Extraction on Characteristics and Functional Properties of Pectin from Cannabis sativa L. Molecules 2024; 29:2511. [PMID: 38893387 PMCID: PMC11173500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The extraction of cannabinoids from the inflorescence and leaves of Cannabis sativa L. is gaining interest from researchers, in addition to addressing the under-utilization of the by-products in the stems and roots of the trees. The present study investigated the recovery of pectin from the left-over parts of hemp tress using an eco-friendly method with the aid of organic acids. Different cannabis cultivars-Chalotte's Angels (CHA) and Hang-Krarog (HKR)-were used as plant materials. The stems of both cannabis cultivars contained more pectin than the roots, and tartaric acid-aided extraction provided higher yields than from citric acid. Extracting the acid solution affected some characteristics, thereby differentiating the functional properties of the derived pectin. Extraction using tartaric acid provided pectin with a higher galacturonic acid content, whereas pectin with a higher methylation degree could be prepared using citric acid. The pectin samples extracted from the stems of CHA (P-CHA) and HKR (P-HKR) had low methoxyl pectin. P-CHA had better free radical scavenging capability, whereas P-HKR showed more potent reducibility. Considering the functional properties, P-CHA showed greater emulsion formability and foaming activity, whereas P-HKR possessed a better thickening effect. The present work suggests the feasible utilization of P-CHA and P-HKR as food additives with bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopparat Prabsangob
- Department of Product Development, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Yue Y, Wang B, Xi W, Liu X, Tang S, Tan X, Li G, Huang L, Liu Y, Bai J. Modification methods, biological activities and applications of pectin: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127523. [PMID: 37866576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a complex and functionally rich natural plant polysaccharide that is widely used in food, medical, and cosmetic industries. It can be modified to improve its properties and expand its applications. Modification methods for natural pectin can be divided into physical, chemical, enzymatic, and compound methods. Different modification methods can result in modified pectins (MPs) exhibiting different physicochemical properties and biological activities. The objectives of this paper were to review the various pectin modification methods explored over the last decade, compare their differences, summarize the impact of different modification methods on the biological activity and physicochemical properties of pectin, and describe the applications of MPs in food and pharmaceutical fields. Finally, suggestions and perspectives for the development of MPs are discussed. This review offers a theoretical reference for the rational and efficient processing of pectin and the expansion of its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yue
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; College of Food, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Botao Wang
- Bloomage Biotechnology CO, LTD, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Wenxia Xi
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; College of Food, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Xiang Tan
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Guijie Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Linhua Huang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Food, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Junying Bai
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400700, China.
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Kang J, Sha XX, Geng CJ, Li LX, Chen J, Ren FC, Tian ML. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and characterization of Penthorum chinense polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory effects. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106593. [PMID: 37696214 PMCID: PMC10498194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Penthorum chinense has been used in both food and medication for many years, and polysaccharide of which was considered as one of the bioactive compounds. However, the extraction process of polysaccharide from P. chinense (PCP) was not well optimized. Ultrasound-assisted extractionhas been widely employed in the extraction of natural products for its compliance with the concept of green and economic chemistry. To better investigate the structure and biology activity of PCP, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of PCP. The optimum extraction for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of PCP were obtained as ratio of solvent to material 40 mL/g, ultrasonic power 380 W, and extraction time of 50 min. The yield of PCP reached 8.71% under these optimized conditions. PCP was further purified by using anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration, an acidic fraction PCP-AP-1 was hereby obtained. The results of structural elucidation indicated that PCP-AP-1 was a typical pectic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 66360 Da, mainly composed of galacturonic acid (68.5 mol%), followed by arabinose (9.8 mol%), rhamnose (9.4 mol%), glucose (7.7 mol%), with homogalacturonan region and rhamnogalacturonan I regions. In vitro study showed that PCP-AP-1 could improve the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in intestinal epithelial cells, which was probably performed through the inhibition of multiple signaling pathways including the inhibition of TLR4, NOD1/2 and NF-κB pathway, as well as the reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome. This study defined the type of polysaccharide present in P. chinense and revealed a potential of application this plant in the prevention of intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xi Sha
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Cai-Juan Geng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ji Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Feng-Chun Ren
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China.
| | - Meng-Liang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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Wang X, Wang Z, Shen M, Yi C, Yu Q, Chen X, Xie J, Xie M. Acetylated polysaccharides: Synthesis, physicochemical properties, bioactivities, and food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4849-4864. [PMID: 36382653 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2146046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are biomacromolecular widely applied in the food industry, as gelling agents, thickeners and health supplements. As hydrophobic groups, acetyls provide amphiphilicity to polysaccharides with numerous hydroxyl groups, which greatly expand the presence of polysaccharides in organic organisms and various chemical environments. Acetylation could result in diverseness and promotion of the structure of polysaccharides, which improve the physicochemical properties and biological activities. High efficient and environmentally friendly access to acetylated derivatives of different polysaccharides is being explored. This review discusses and summarizes acetylated polysaccharides in terms of synthetic methods, physicochemical properties and biological activities and emphasizes the structure-effect relationships introduced by acetyl groups to reveal the potential mechanism of acetylated polysaccharides. Acetyls with different contents and substitution sites could change the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and spatial architecture of polysaccharides, resulting in differences among properties such as water solubility, emulsification and crystallinity. Coupled with acetyls, polysaccharides have increased antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, and pro-prebiotic capacities. In addition, their possible applications have also been discussed in green food materials, bioactive ingredient carriers and functional food products, indicating that acetylated polysaccharides hold a clear vision in food health and industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Chemical structure, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of two novel pectin polysaccharides from purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulia Sims) peel. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kruk A, Granica S, Popowski D, Malinowska N, Piwowarski JP. Tiliae flos metabolites and their beneficial influence on human gut microbiota biodiversity ex vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115355. [PMID: 35537603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The linden flower (Tiliae flos) has been used for centuries to treat and relieve symptoms of the common cold, throat irritation, and upper respiratory tract disturbances. Traditionally, this herb is administered orally, and thus it undergoes intestinal metabolism. Although it is pharmacopeial plant material, there are no reports about its interaction with human gut microbiota. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to determine the interaction between human gut microbiota and the linden flower extracts, resulting in the biotransformation of the extract's constituents and changes in the microbiota composition. MATERIAL AND METHODS The linden flower metabolites were obtained by incubation of extract with human faecal slurries from 5 healthy donors. The UHPLC-DAD-MSn analysis determined the composition of raw extract and analysis of microbial metabolites. The intestinal microbiota isolation and sequencing were used to determine changes in microbiota composition. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested using the LPS-stimulated human neutrophils model and ELISA test. RESULTS After incubation of linden flower extract with human gut microbiota, twenty metabolites were detected and characterized, and three among them were identified. The extract changed human gut microbiota composition but did not cause dysbiosis (change in the abundance of forty-three genera). Raw extract and their metabolites exhibit different levels of inhibition of cytokines production by LPS-stimulated neutrophils, but the reduction of TNF-α production was observed. CONCLUSIONS The linden flower extract has a beneficial influence on human gut microbiota because it promotes increasing the abundance of bacteria responsible for SCFAs production. The anti-inflammatory effect might be linked to both microbiota composition changes and direct activity of bioavailable metabolites. Increased abundance of SCFAs producers may inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. A low concentration of phenolic compounds in metabolized linden flower extract and responsible for anti-inflammatory properties, and the multitude of biological and chemical particles and their interactions may weaken these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kruk
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominik Popowski
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Natalia Malinowska
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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Georgiev YN, Dzhambazov BM, Batsalova TG, Vasicek O, Dobreva LI, Denev PN, Danova ST, Simova SD, Wold CW, Ognyanov MH, Paulsen BS, Krastanov AI. Structural characterization of polysaccharides from Geranium sanguineum L. and their immunomodulatory effects in response to inflammatory agents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115390. [PMID: 35584721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Geranium sanguineum L. is used for treatment of inflammations, anemia, malignant diseases of the blood-forming organs, diarrhea, respiratory infections, etc. Only flavonoids in root extracts have been elucidated as immunostimulating and anti-inflammatory compounds, and polysaccharides in the herb have not been examined. AIM OF THE STUDY to compare the chemical features of polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) from leaves (GSL-PSC) and roots (GSR-PSC) of G. sanguineum, as well as their immunomodulatory activities on leukocytes after inflammation, and effects on the growth of different bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples were isolated by water extraction and their structural features were studied by 2D NMR spectroscopy. The stimulatory effects of both PSCs on human leukocytes were analyzed with flow cytometry. Their suppressive activities on the oxidative burst in blood and derived neutrophils against opsonized zymosan and phorbol myristate acetate were investigated. The effects of the samples on viability, NO and interleukin 6 (IL-6) syntheses in RAW264.7 cells after inflammation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were tested. The prebiotic and anti-biofilm activities of the PSCs were evaluated. RESULTS The total carbohydrate content in the samples was significant (73.6-76.8%). GSL-PSC contained pectins, which were rich in homogalacturonan (HG), and smaller amounts of rhamnogalacturonan (RG) type I, decorated by 1,5-α-L-Araf, 1,4- and 1,6-β-D-Galp chains. GSR-PSC contained starch, followed by pectins with lower HG content and more RG-I regions, substituted by 1 → 3,5-α-L-arabinans and 1 → 3,6-β-D-galactans. GSL-PSC and GSR-PSC (200 μg/mL) increased monocyte and granulocyte cell counts, but GSR-PSC also elevated T helper and B cell levels in a normal and activated state. GSR-PSC triggered a dose-dependent (50-200 μg/mL) oxidative burst in blood, but alleviated it after inflammation even in blood-derived neutrophils. It was free of LPS, and activated NO and IL-6 productions in RAW264.7 cells better than GSL-PSC, without affecting their viability. Both PSCs (2.0%, w/v) stimulated probiotic co-cultures between Clostridium beijerinckii strains and Lactobacillus sp. ZK9, and inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans and Salmonella enterica. CONCLUSIONS The PSs in G. sanguineum could be involved in the stimulatory effects on blood-forming organs and anti-inflammatory action of aqueous root extracts in case of infections. These PSs should be included in synbiotic foods to support the treatment of inflammations and infections in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan N Georgiev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Balik M Dzhambazov
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Assen Str, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Tsvetelina G Batsalova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Assen Str, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Ondrej Vasicek
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 135 Kralovopolska, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lili I Dobreva
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Petko N Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Svetla T Danova
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Svetlana D Simova
- Bulgarian NMR Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Christian W Wold
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Manol H Ognyanov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Berit S Paulsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Albert I Krastanov
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Yue F, Xu J, Zhang S, Hu X, Wang X, Lü X. Structural features and anticancer mechanisms of pectic polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:825-839. [PMID: 35447258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of pectic polysaccharides (PPs) was proved by numerous studies, and which also indicated that the bioactivity of PPs was closely related to its complicated structures. Based on the summary and analysis about structure characteristics and corresponding enzymatic process of the reported PPs, the anticancer mechanism and related structural features were systematically clarified. It was found that not only the direct effects on the cancer cells by proliferation inhibition or apoptosis, but also the regulation of immune system, gut microbiota and gut metabolism as indirect effects, jointly played important roles in the anticancer of PPs. Nevertheless, during the study of PPs as promising anticancer components, the exact structure-function relationship, digestion process in vivo, and comprehensive action mechanism are still not well understanding. With the unveiling of the proposed issues, it is believed that PPs are promising to be exploited as effective cancer therapy/adjunctive therapy drugs or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sitan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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10
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Dimopoulou M, Alba K, Sims IM, Kontogiorgos V. Structure and rheology of pectic polysaccharides from baobab fruit and leaves. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118540. [PMID: 34560952 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Linkage patterns and relaxation dynamics of baobab (Adansonia digitata) polysaccharides have been investigated by means of linkage analysis and rheometry. The fruit polysaccharide was mostly xylogalacturonan, with co-extracted α-glucan. The leaf polysaccharide consists predominantly of two domains, one branched at O-4 of the →2)-Rhap-(1→ residues and another branched at O-3 of the →4)-GalpA-(1→ backbone to single GlcpA-(1→ residues. Master curves of viscoelasticity of fruit polysaccharides manifested strong pH-dependency. At pH below the dissociation constant of galacturonic acid, dispersions showed liquid-like behaviour. In contrast, at neutral pH, a weak gel network formation was observed that destabilised rapidly under the influence of flow fields. The present work identifies xylogalacturonans from baobab fruit as polysaccharides with unique rheological characteristics that may point to new directions in food and pharmaceutical formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dimopoulou
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
| | - Katerina Alba
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian M Sims
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Vassilis Kontogiorgos
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia.
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11
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Georgiev YN, Batsalova TG, Dzhambazov BM, Ognyanov MH, Denev PN, Antonova DV, Wold CW, Yanakieva IZ, Teneva II, Paulsen BS, Simova SD. Immunomodulating polysaccharide complexes and antioxidant metabolites from Anabaena laxa, Oscillatoria limosa and Phormidesmis molle. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Mosejová E, Bosnjakovic R, Kubala L, Vašíček O. Pseurotin D Induces Apoptosis through Targeting Redox Sensitive Pathways in Human Lymphoid Leukemia Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101576. [PMID: 34679711 PMCID: PMC8533295 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent lymphoid malignancy in many geographical regions of the world. Pseurotin D, a secondary metabolite of fungi, represents a group of bioactive natural products with a newly ascribed range of interesting biological activities. The purpose of this study was to bring new insights into the mechanism behind the effects of pseurotin D on MEC-1 cells as a representative CLL cell line, with a particular focus on selected signaling pathways important in the proliferation of cells and targeting mitochondrial metabolism. Our results showed that pseurotin D was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of MEC-1 cells and arrested them in the G2/M cell cycle phase. In addition, pseurotin D was able to induce apoptosis. We found that all of these effects were associated with a change in mitochondrial membrane potential and the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). We showed for the first time that pseurotin D suppresses MEC-1 cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death via induction of the collapse of the mitochondria respiratory chain and the ROS-related caspase pathway. Our results show the pseurotins family as promising compounds which could serve as a basis for the development of new compounds in the treatment of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mosejová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.M.); (R.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Rebeka Bosnjakovic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.M.); (R.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.M.); (R.B.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vašíček
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.M.); (R.B.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-541-517-207
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Cerantola S, Faggin S, Annaloro G, Mainente F, Filippini R, Savarino EV, Piovan A, Zoccatelli G, Giron MC. Influence of Tilia tomentosa Moench Extract on Mouse Small Intestine Neuromuscular Contractility. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103505. [PMID: 34684506 PMCID: PMC8541069 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are characterized by abdominal pain, bloating and bowel disturbances. FGID therapy is primarily symptomatic, including treatment with herbal remedies. Flower extract of Tilia tomentosa Moench (TtM) is occasionally used as an anti-spasmodic in popular medicine. Since its effect on intestinal response is unknown, we evaluated the influence of TtM extract on small intestine contractility. Ileal preparations from C57BL/6J mice were mounted in organ baths to assess changes in muscle tension, following addition of TtM extract (0.5–36 μg/mL) or a vehicle (ethanol). Changes in contractile response to receptor- and non-receptor-mediated stimuli were assessed in ileal preparations pretreated with 12 μg/mL TtM. Alterations in the enteric nervous system neuroglial network were analyzed by confocal immunofluorescence. Increasing addition of TtM induced a marked relaxation in ileal specimens compared to the vehicle. Pretreatment with TtM affected cholinergic and tachykininergic neuromuscular contractions as well as K+-induced smooth muscle depolarization. Following incubation with TtM, a significant reduction in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic-mediated relaxation sensitive to Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (pan-nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) was found. In vitro incubation of intestinal specimens with TtM did not affect the myenteric plexus neuroglial network. Our findings show that TtM-induced intestinal relaxation is mediated by nitric oxide pathways, providing a pharmacological basis for the use of TtM in FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Sofia Faggin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Gabriela Annaloro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Federica Mainente
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Raffaella Filippini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncological and Gastrointestinal Science, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Anna Piovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Gianni Zoccatelli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-5091
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14
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Zhou T, Jiang Y, Wen L, Yang B. Characterization of polysaccharide structure in Citrus reticulate 'Chachi' peel during storage and their bioactivity. Carbohydr Res 2021; 508:108398. [PMID: 34274819 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The peel of Citrus reticulate 'Chachiennsis' (Chachi) is widely accepted as a functional food. It is generally recognized that its health benefits are dependent on storage time. However, the chemicals responsible for this phenomonon remain unclear. As bioactive polysaccharides are dominant in Chachi, Chachi polysaccharides with various storage times (5-20 years) were prepared. The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by GC-MS. NMR data revealed that Chachi polysaccharides were mainly consisted of arabinogalacturonan and another pectin with side chain of →4)-β-D-Galp-(1 → . α-L-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→, →4)-α-D-GalpAMe-(1→, →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→ and →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ were detected. The molecular weight of Chachi polysaccharides decreased along with the extension of storage time. However, the basic structure characteristics remained stable. The immumomodulatory activities of Chachi polysaccharides were improved as the storage time extended. The change of molecular weight was responsible for the improved immunomodulatory activity. The results explained how polysaccharides contributed to the enhanced health benefits of Chachi during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingrong Wen
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bao Yang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Chengxiao Y, Dongmei W, Kai Z, Hou L, Xiao H, Ding T, Liu D, Ye X, Linhardt RJ, Chen S. Challenges of pectic polysaccharides as a prebiotic from the perspective of fermentation characteristics and anti-colitis activity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118377. [PMID: 34364621 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies are described that contribute to the systematic exploration of new aspects of digestion, fermentation, and biological activities of pectic polysaccharides (PPS) leading to a better understanding of prebiotics. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to be associated with the dysbacteriosis induced by different environmental agents in genetically susceptible persons. PPS are considered as an indispensable gut-microbiota-accessible carbohydrate that play a dominant role in maintaining gut microbiota balance and show a better effect in ameliorating IBD than some traditional prebiotics. The aim of this review is to summarize the fermentation characteristics of PPS, highlight its role in improving IBD, and propose a view that PPS may be a new and effective prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chengxiao
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Dongmei
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Kai
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Hou
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Ding
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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16
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Gotoh S, Naka T, Kitaguchi K, Yabe T. Arabinogalactan in the side chain of pectin from persimmon is involved in the interaction with small intestinal epithelial cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1729-1736. [PMID: 33877300 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pectin in Diospyros kaki (persimmon) is a complex polysaccharide and is classified as a dietary fiber. Pectin is characterized by the presence of side chains of neutral sugars, such as galactose residues; however, the structure and properties of these sugars vary greatly depending on the plant species from which it is derived. Here, we report the structural features of pectin extracted from persimmon. The polysaccharide was low-methoxy pectin with a degree of methyl esterification <50% and ratio of side chain galactan to arabinan in the rhamnogalacturonan-I region of pectin of 3-20. To investigate the physiological function of pectin from persimmon, we performed a coculture assay using Caco-2 cells. As a result, it was shown that the proliferation of undifferentiated Caco-2 cells was promoted, and further, the importance of arabinogalactan among the pectin structures was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Gotoh
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomomi Naka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohji Kitaguchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomio Yabe
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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17
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Pectin in diet: Interactions with the human microbiome, role in gut homeostasis, and nutrient-drug interactions. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Wu D, Ye X, Linhardt RJ, Liu X, Zhu K, Yu C, Ding T, Liu D, He Q, Chen S. Dietary pectic substances enhance gut health by its polycomponent: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2015-2039. [PMID: 33594822 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pectic substances, one of the cell wall polysaccharides, exist widespread in vegetables and fruits. A surge of recent research has revealed that pectic substances can inhibit gut inflammation and relieve inflammatory bowel disease symptoms. However, physiological functions of pectins are strongly structure dependent. Pectic substances are essentially heteropolysaccharides composed of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan backbones substituted by various neutral sugar sidechains. Subtle changes in the architecture of pectic substances may remarkably influence the nutritional function of gut microbiota and the host homeostasis of immune system. In this context, developing a structure-function understanding of how pectic substances have an impact on an inflammatory bowel is of primary importance for diet therapy and new drugs. Therefore, the present review has summarized the polycomponent nature of pectic substances, the activities of different pectic polymers, the effects of molecular characteristics and the underlying mechanisms of pectic substances. The immunomodulated property of pectic substances depends on not only the chemical composition but also the physical structure characteristics, such as molecular weight (Mw ) and chain conformation. The potential mechanisms by which pectic substances exert their protective effects are mainly reversing the disordered gut microbiota, regulating immune cells, enhancing barrier function, and inhibiting pathogen adhesion. The manipulation of pectic substances on gut health is sophisticated, and the link between structural specificity of pectins and selective regulation needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Xuwei Liu
- UMR408, Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV), INRAE, Avignon, France
| | - Kai Zhu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengxiao Yu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Ding
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Pseurotin D Inhibits the Activation of Human Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041938. [PMID: 33669259 PMCID: PMC7920033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pseurotins, a family of secondary metabolites of different fungi characterized by an unusual spirocyclic furanone-lactam core, are suggested to have different biological activities including the modulation of immune response. Purpose: Complex characterization of the effects of pseurotin D on human lymphocyte activation in order to understand the potential of pseurotin to modulate immune response in humans. Methods: CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells isolated from human blood were activated by various activators simultaneously with pseurotin D treatment. The effects of pseurotin were tested on the basis of changes in cell viability, apoptosis, activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways, production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by T cells, expression of activation markers CD69 and CD25 on T cells and Human Leukocyte Antigen–DR isotype (HLA-DR) on B cells, and the differentiation markers CD20, CD27, CD38, and immunoglobulin (Ig) D on B cells. Results: Pseurotin D significantly inhibited the activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ human T cells complemented by the inhibition of TNF-α production without significant acute toxic effects. The Pseurotin D-mediated inhibition of T-cell activation was accompanied by the induction of the apoptosis of T cells. This corresponded with the inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5. In human B cells, pseurotin D did not significantly inhibit their activation; however, it affected their differentiation. Conclusions: Our results advance the current mechanistic understanding of the pseurotin-induced inhibition of lymphocytes and suggest pseurotins as new attractive chemotypes for future research in the context of immune-modulatory drugs.
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Structural features and anti-inflammatory properties of pectic polysaccharides: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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The Effect of Different Extraction Conditions on the Physical Properties, Conformation and Branching of Pectins Extracted from Cucumis melo Inodorus. POLYSACCHARIDES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides1010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction of pectin involves the physico-chemical hydrolysis and solubilisation of pectic polymers from plant tissues under the influence of several processing parameters. In this study, an experimental design approach was used to examine the effects of extraction pH, time and temperature on the pectins extracted from Cucumis melo Inodorus. Knowledge of physical properties (intrinsic viscosity and molar mass), dilute solution conformation (persistence length and mass per unit length), together with chemical composition, was then used to propose a new method, which can estimate the length and number of branches on the pectin RG-I region. The results show that physical properties, conformation and the length and number of branches are sensitive to extraction conditions. The fitting of regression equations relating length and number of branches on the pectin RG-I region to extraction conditions can, therefore, lead to tailor-made pectins with specific properties for specific applications.
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Vašíček O, Hájek J, Bláhová L, Hrouzek P, Babica P, Kubala L, Šindlerová L. Cyanobacterial lipopeptides puwainaphycins and minutissamides induce disruptive and pro-inflammatory processes in Caco-2 human intestinal barrier model. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 96:101849. [PMID: 32560836 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Puwainaphycins (PUW) and minutissamides (MIN) are cyanobacterial lipopeptides found in various cyanobacterial species. The first possible target of human exposure to them is intestinal epithelium but effect of PUW/MIN on enterocytes is not known at all. Using differentiated Caco-2 cells, PUW F was found to be cytotoxic from 5 µM concentration based on lactate dehydrogenase release assay and total protein concentration. However, it is also able to induce production of interleukin 8 in non-cytotoxic concentrations 1 and 2.5 µM detected by ELISA. Effects of MIN A and C were similar but less pronounced compared to PUW F. On the other hand, MIN D was the least toxic compound with no significant pro-inflammatory effects. Surprisingly, pro-inflammatory activation of the cells by PUW F and MIN C resulted in an increase in tight junction (TJ) protein claudin 4 expression determined by western blot analysis and confirmed by confocal microscopy. Furthermore, decrease in expression of zonula occludens 3, another TJ protein, was observed after the exposure to PUW F. Taken together, these cytotoxic lipopeptides, especially PUW F, are to be studied more deeply due to their capability to activate and/or deregulate human enterocytes in low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vašíček
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Hájek
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradska 237, Trebon 379 80, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Bláhová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Hrouzek
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradska 237, Trebon 379 80, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Babica
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Šindlerová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic.
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Vasicek O, Rubanova D, Chytkova B, Kubala L. Natural pseurotins inhibit proliferation and inflammatory responses through the inactivation of STAT signaling pathways in macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111348. [PMID: 32376338 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural pseurotins, secondary metabolites of fungi, commonly produced by various species such as Aspergillus flavus with suggested significant biological effects. However, little is known about effects of pseurotins on immune system functions. METHODS Effects of pseurotin A and D on proliferation and viability of macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated together with mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Macrophage response to lipopolysaccharide was analyzed based on determination of nitric oxide (NO) production, expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor production. Activation of selected signaling pathways, particularly STAT and MAPK, as well as expression of cyclins were determined. RESULTS Natural pseurotins A and D in concentrations of up to 50 μM significantly inhibit proliferation of RAW 264.7 macrophages which was not complemented by induction of cell toxicity. The inhibition of cell proliferation was accompanied by downregulation of expression of cyclins and mitochondrial respiration via inhibition of particularly STAT3 phosphorylation. Both pseurotins significantly inhibited production of NO, expression of iNOS and IL-6 production. CONCLUSION Our results advance the current mechanistic understanding of the pseurotin-induced inhibition of proliferation, metabolic respiration and functional responses in macrophages by linking the effect to JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Vasicek
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Rubanova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Chytkova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Sabater C, Molina-Tijeras JA, Vezza T, Corzo N, Montilla A, Utrilla P. Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of artichoke pectin and modified pectin fractions in the dextran sulfate sodium model of mice colitis. Artificial neural network modelling of inflammatory markers. Food Funct 2020; 10:7793-7805. [PMID: 31781703 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory properties of artichoke pectin and modified fractions (arabinose- and galactose-free) used at two doses (40 and 80 mg kg-1) in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium have been investigated. Expression of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and ICAM-I decreased in groups of mice treated with original and arabinose-free artichoke pectin while IL-1β and IL-6 liberation was reduced only in mice groups treated with original artichoke pectin. A decrease in iNOS and TLR-4 expression was observed for most treatments. Intestinal barrier gene expression was also determined. MUC-1 and Occludin increased in groups treated with original artichoke pectin while MUC-3 expression also increased in arabinose-free pectin treatment. Galactose elimination led to a loss of pectin bioactivity. Characteristic expression profiles were established for each treatment through artificial neural networks showing high accuracy rates (≥90%). These results highlight the potential amelioration of inflammatory bowel disease on mice model colitis through artichoke pectin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sabater
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL, (CSIC-UAM) CEI (UAM+CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Vašíček O, Fedr R, Skoroplyas S, Chalupa D, Sklenář M, Tharra PR, Švenda J, Kubala L. Natural pseurotins and analogs thereof inhibit activation of B-cells and differentiation into the plasma cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 69:153194. [PMID: 32146299 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of allergic diseases is constantly rising. Dysregulated production of isotype E immunoglobulins is one of the key factors behind allergic reactions and its modulation is therefore an important target for pharmacological intervention. Natural products of the pseurotin family were reported to be inhibitors of IgE production in B-cells. Mechanistic details underlying these effects are however not well understood. PURPOSE In the present study, we synthesized new analogs of natural pseurotins and extensively investigated their inhibitory effects on activation, proliferation and differentiation of B-cells, as well as on the production of IgE. STUDY DESIGN Effects of two natural pseurotins (pseurotins A and D) and a collection of fully synthetic pseurotin analogs were studied on mouse B-cells stimulated by the combination of IL-4 and E. coli lipopolysaccharide. The IgE production was determined along with cell viability and cell proliferation. The phosphorylation of selected members of the STAT transcription factor family was subsequently investigated. Finally, the in vivo effect of pseurotin D on the ovalbumin-induced delayed type hypersensitivity response was tested in mice. RESULTS We discovered that several fully synthetic pseurotin analogs were able to decrease the production of IgE in stimulated B-cells with potency comparable to that of pseurotins A and D. We found that the two natural pseurotins and the active synthetic analogs inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3, STAT5 and STAT6 proteins in stimulated B-cells, resulting in the inhibition of B-cell proliferation and differentiation into the plasma cells. In vivo, pseurotin D decreased ovalbumin-induced foot pad edema. CONCLUSION Our results advance the current mechanistic understanding of the pseurotin-induced inhibition of IgE production in B-cells by linking the effect to STAT signaling, and associated modulation of B-cell proliferation and differentiation. Together with our finding that structurally simpler pseurotin analogs were able to reproduce the effects of natural pseurotins, the presented work has implications for the future research on these secondary metabolites in the context of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vašíček
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Svitlana Skoroplyas
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Chalupa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Sklenář
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Prabhakara Rao Tharra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Švenda
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
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Georgiev YN, Ognyanov MH, Denev PN. The ancient Thracian endemic plant Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. and related species: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112359. [PMID: 31676402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Haberlea rhodopensis (HR) use dates back to the Thracian and Roman periods. Bulgarians call it Orpheus flower and exploit its leaves for making tea and extracts with detoxifying, tonic, restorative and rejuvenating effects. HR was traditionally applied in wound healing and treatment of cattle diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The general aim of the review was to analyze the progress of phytochemical and pharmacological studies on HR, focusing on its radioprotective and immunomodulating effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main source material for the review was collected using several global search engines with the phrase: Haberlea rhodopensis, as well as Bulgarian books and dissertations. RESULTS HR metabolite profile includes large amounts of free sugars, polyols, polysaccharides (PS), flavonoids, phenolic acids and carotenoids. The radioprotective effect of 70% ethanolic leaf extract (70HREE) is explained by preservation of lymphocytes, other blood cells and testicular tissue from aberration under γ-radiation via stimulation of antioxidant enzymes and neutralization of free radicals. The extract immunomodulating activity results from raised antibody response, stem and neutrophil cell count, complement system activation, anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory effects. The detoxifying, restorative, rejuvenating and wound healing plant properties known to ethnomedicine were supported by radioprotective and immunomodulating studies. CONCLUSIONS Metabolites of phenolic origin involved in HR resurrection are supposed to contribute to its radioprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-aging effects. However, there is no chemical characterization of 70HREE in the investigations with humans and animals. Structure-activity relationship studies on HR immunomodulating and radioprotective compounds, and on their mode of action are required. They should include not only phenols but PS and other unexplored molecules. The metabolic activity of phagocytes, platelets and lymphocytes triggered by HR extracts has to be examined to elucidate their immunostimulatory potential. HR formulations can be tested in cosmetic, food and medical products as adjuvants to treat infectious, chronic inflammatory and tumour diseases, and especially in patients undergoing radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan Nikolaev Georgiev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Manol Hristov Ognyanov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Petko Nedyalkov Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Vašíček O, Lojek A, Číž M. Serotonin and its metabolites reduce oxidative stress in murine RAW264.7 macrophages and prevent inflammation. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:49-60. [PMID: 31900806 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we focused on comparing the effects of serotonin and its metabolites on the functions of RAW264.7 cells (emphasis on oxidative burst and production of nitric oxide and cytokines), thereby expanding the scope of existing knowledge with advent of novel findings in this field. Changes in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by RAW264.7 cells after treatment with serotonin, N-acetylserotonin and melatonin were determined using the chemiluminescence (CL) assay. To exclude the direct scavenging effects of the studied compounds on the CL response, the antioxidant properties of all respective compounds were measured using TRAP and amperometrical method. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by Griess reagent and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression by Western blot. Cytokine production was assessed using the Mouse Cytokine Panel A Array kit and ELISA. We showed that all tested compounds were able to reduce oxidative stress, as well as inhibit production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. Of the tested compounds, serotonin and N-acetylserotonin were markedly better antioxidants than melatonin. In comparison, other effects of tested compounds were very similar. It can be concluded that antioxidant capacity of tested compounds is a major advantage in the early stages of inflammation. Since plasma concentrations of N-acetylserotonin and melatonin are lower than serotonin, it can be deduced that serotonin plays a key role in modulation of inflammation and the regulatory functions of immune cells, while also protecting cells against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vašíček
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Lojek
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Číž
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Wu D, Zheng J, Mao G, Hu W, Ye X, Linhardt RJ, Chen S. Rethinking the impact of RG-I mainly from fruits and vegetables on dietary health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2938-2960. [PMID: 31607142 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1672037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) pectin is composed of backbone of repeating disaccharide units →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ and neutral sugar side-chains mainly consisting of arabinose and galactose having variable types of linkages. However, since traditional pectin extraction methods damages the RG-I structure, the characteristics and health effects of RG-I remains unclear. Recently, many studies have focused on RG-I, which is often more active than the homogalacturonan (HG) portion of pectic polysaccharides. In food products, RG-I is common to fruits and vegetables and possesses many health benefits. This timely and comprehensive review describes the many different facets of RG-I, including its dietary sources, history, metabolism and potential functionalities, all of which have been compiled to establish a platform for taking full advantage of the functional value of RG-I pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guizhu Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dranca F, Oroian M. Extraction, purification and characterization of pectin from alternative sources with potential technological applications. Food Res Int 2018; 113:327-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Isolation and Characterization of Pectic Polysaccharide Fraction from In Vitro Suspension Culture of Fumaria officinalis L. INT J POLYM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/5705036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, an acidic polysaccharide from the in vitro suspension culture of Fumaria officinalis L. was obtained by extraction with 0.8% (w/v) aqueous ammonium oxalate. The polysaccharide fraction mainly consisted of galacturonic acid (41.0%), followed by galactose (7.3%) and arabinose (5.6%). This suggests the presence of arabinogalactan side chains in the rhamnogalacturonan-I segment of the studied pectin, which was mainly built up by homogalacturonan segments. The pectin was evaluated as low-methyl-esterified (45.0%) with degree of acetylation 3.4%. The polymer fraction was consisted of different molecular weight populations in the range of 6–600 kDa. The high amount of 4-L-hydroxyproline (11.7% of total protein) and the specific positive reaction to Yariv’s phenylglycoside reagent indicated the presence of an arabinogalactan protein in the cell walls. The functional properties of the polysaccharide fraction were evaluated, as it possessed better water-holding capacity than oil-holding capacity. The studied pectin demonstrated significant foaming ability and promising emulsifying properties in a concentration 1%. Therefore, the isolated polysaccharide fraction could be successfully used as emulsifier and foaming agent in food products and pharmaceutical supplements.
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Chen Y, Jiang X, Xie H, Li X, Shi L. Structural characterization and antitumor activity of a polysaccharide from ramulus mori. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 190:232-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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do Nascimento GE, Winnischofer SMB, Ramirez MI, Iacomini M, Cordeiro LMC. The influence of sweet pepper pectin structural characteristics on cytokine secretion by THP-1 macrophages. Food Res Int 2017; 102:588-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Georgiev YN, Paulsen BS, Kiyohara H, Ciz M, Ognyanov MH, Vasicek O, Rise F, Denev PN, Yamada H, Lojek A, Kussovski V, Barsett H, Krastanov AI, Yanakieva IZ, Kratchanova MG. The common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) pectic polysaccharides modulate phagocytic leukocytes and intestinal Peyer’s patch cells. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:948-959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wang H, Bi H, Gao T, Zhao B, Ni W, Liu J. A homogalacturonan from Hippophae rhamnoides L. Berries enhance immunomodulatory activity through TLR4/MyD88 pathway mediated activation of macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1039-1045. [PMID: 28943439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study isolated a natural high-methoxyl homogalacturonan (HRWP-A) from Hippophae rhamnoides and showed antitumor activity in vivo. In this study, the immunomodulatory activity and mechanisms of action of HRWP-A were further investigated. Results showed that HRWP-A could recover the body condition and activated macrophage in Cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Further, we investigated the possible mechanism underlying the effects of HRWP-A on mouse peritoneal macrophages. qPCR and western blot revealed that HRWP-A upregulated the expression of TLR4 mRNA in vitro. This process was accompanied by a clear increase in MyD88 expression and p-IκB-α, but these effects were largely abrogated by pretreatment with anti-TLR4 antibodies. The effects of HRWP-A on macrophage NO, IL-1β and IL-6 production were also inhibited by anti-TLR4 antibodies and were greatly influenced by the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC. Moreover, HRWP-A failed to induce the production of NO, IL-1β and IL-6 in peritoneal macrophages prepared from C3H/HeJ mice, which have a point mutation in the Tlr4 gene, suggesting the involvement of the TLR4 molecule in HRWP-A-mediated macrophage activation. These results may have important implications for our understanding of the structure-activity relationship of immunopotentiating polysaccharides from medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongtao Bi
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Weihua Ni
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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