1
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Xie F. Natural polymer starch-based materials for flexible electronic sensor development: A review of recent progress. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122116. [PMID: 38710566 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In response to the burgeoning interest in the development of highly conformable and resilient flexible electronic sensors capable of transducing diverse physical stimuli, this review investigates the pivotal role of natural polymers, specifically those derived from starch, in crafting sustainable and biocompatible sensing materials. Expounding on cutting-edge research, the exploration delves into innovative strategies employed to leverage the distinctive attributes of starch in conjunction with other polymers for the fabrication of advanced sensors. The comprehensive discussion encompasses a spectrum of starch-based materials, spanning all-starch-based gels to starch-based soft composites, meticulously scrutinizing their applications in constructing resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric sensors. These intricately designed sensors exhibit proficiency in detecting an array of stimuli, including strain, temperature, humidity, liquids, and enzymes, thereby playing a pivotal role in the continuous and non-invasive monitoring of human body motions, physiological signals, and environmental conditions. The review highlights the intricate interplay between material properties, sensor design, and sensing performance, emphasizing the unique advantages conferred by starch-based materials, such as self-adhesiveness, self-healability, and re-processibility facilitated by dynamic bonding. In conclusion, the paper outlines current challenges and future research opportunities in this evolving field, offering valuable insights for prospective investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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2
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Cheon J, Song M, Kwon S. Alginate-gelatine hydrogel microspheres protect NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity under hypoxic conditions. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:375-389. [PMID: 38945166 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2362170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to encapsulate natural killer (NK) cells in a hydrogel to sustain their function within the hypoxic tumour microenvironments. METHODS An alginate-gelatine hydrogel was generated via electrospray technology. Hydrogel biocompatibility was assessed through cell counting kit-8 and Live/Dead assays to ascertain cell. Moreover, we analysed lactate dehydrogenase assays to evaluate the cytotoxicity against tumours and utilised RT-qPCR to analyse cytokine gene level. RESULTS Alginate and gelatine formed hydrogels with diameters ranging from 489.2 ± 23.0 μm, and the encapsulation efficiency was 34.07 ± 1.76%. Encapsulated NK cells exhibited robust proliferation and tumour-killing capabilities under normoxia and hypoxia. Furthermore, encapsulation provided a protective shield against cell viability under hypoxia. Importantly, tumour-killing cytotoxicity through cytokines upregulation such as granzyme B and interferon-gamma was preserved under hypoxia. CONCLUSION The encapsulation of NK cells not only safeguards their viability but also reinforces anticancer capacity, countering the inhibition of activation induced by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Cheon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Myeongkwan Song
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Soonjo Kwon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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3
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Yuan D, Xiao W, Gao A, Lu W, Gao Z, Hu B, Wu Y, Jiang W, Li Y. In vitro colon fermentation behaviors of Ca 2+ cross-linked guluronic acid block from sodium alginate. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 39011745 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The degradation of sodium alginate by human gut microbiota was found to be retarded via calcium cross-linking in our previous study. We hypothesized that the guluronic acid block (GB) on the alginate molecule might be the key structural region affecting alginate degradation by the gut microbiota when cross-linked with calcium. This study aims to prove this hypothesis by studying the structural features of the cross-linked GB on its in vitro fecal fermentation behaviors concerning the aspects of total carbohydrate contents, monosaccharide contents, short-chain fatty acids production, calcium state variations, and structural variations. Herein, GB isolated from sodium alginate was cross-linked under ranges of molar ratios of [Ca2+]/[-COOH] that further restricted the degradation by gut microbiota similar to the cross-linked alginates. First, total carbohydrate contents, short-chain fatty acids production, monosaccharides contents, and calcium state analyses confirmed that the degradation of GB by gut microbiota was restricted by calcium cross-linking. Furthermore, the tracking analysis of structural variations during in vitro fermentation revealed that the "granules" structure could further restrict degradation by the gut microbiota, leaving more cross-linked GB fragments surviving in comparison to the "networks" structure. In addition, Bacteroides xylanisolvens showed a significant positive correlation to the "cross-linking porosity (R = 0.825, p < 0.001), which supported our previous findings on fermentation behaviors of cross-linked alginate. Together, guluronic acid blocks are the key structural regions that retard the degradation of sodium alginate by the gut microbiota when cross-linked with calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China.
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China
| | - Wenqian Xiao
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China.
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China
| | - Ao Gao
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China.
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China.
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Gao
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China.
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yuehan Wu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China.
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China.
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China
| | - Yanlei Li
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China.
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China
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4
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Kocaaga B, Inan T, Yasar Nİ, Yalcin CE, Sungur FA, Kurkcuoglu O, Demiroz A, Komurcu H, Kizilkilic O, Aydin SY, Aydin Ulgen O, Güner FS, Arslan H. Innovative Use of an Injectable, Self-Healing Drug-Loaded Pectin-Based Hydrogel for Micro- and Supermicro-Vascular Anastomoses. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3959-3975. [PMID: 38934558 PMCID: PMC11238333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Microvascular surgery plays a crucial role in reconnecting micrometer-scale vessel ends. Suturing remains the gold standard technique for small vessels; however, suturing the collapsed lumen of microvessels is challenging and time-consuming, with the risk of misplaced sutures leading to failure. Although multiple solutions have been reported, the emphasis has predominantly been on resolving challenges related to arteries rather than veins, and none has proven superior. In this study, we introduce an innovative solution to address these challenges through the development of an injectable lidocaine-loaded pectin hydrogel by using computational and experimental methods. To understand the extent of interactions between the drug and the pectin chain, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum mechanics (QM) calculations were conducted in the first step of the research. Then, a series of experimental studies were designed to prepare lidocaine-loaded injectable pectin-based hydrogels, and their characterization was performed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and rheological analysis. After all the results were evaluated, the drug-loaded pectin-based hydrogel exhibiting self-healing properties was selected as a potential candidate for in vivo studies to determine its performance during operation. In this context, the hydrogel was injected into the divided vessel ends and perivascular area, allowing for direct suturing through the gel matrix. While our hydrogel effectively prevented vasospasm and facilitated micro- and supermicro-vascular anastomoses, it was noted that it did not cause significant changes in late-stage imaging and histopathological analysis up to 6 months. We strongly believe that pectin-based hydrogel potentially enhanced microlevel arterial, lymphatic, and particularly venous anastomoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Kocaaga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Inan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin İsil Yasar
- Informatics Institute, Computational Science and Engineering Division, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Ege Yalcin
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34089, Turkey
| | - Fethiye Aylin Sungur
- Informatics Institute, Computational Science and Engineering Division, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Kurkcuoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anil Demiroz
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34089, Turkey
| | - Hasan Komurcu
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Balat Or-Ahayim Hastanesi, Istanbul 34087, Turkey
| | - Osman Kizilkilic
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Interventional Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Servet Yekta Aydin
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34089, Turkey
| | - Ovgu Aydin Ulgen
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Fatma Seniha Güner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabancı University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Hakan Arslan
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34089, Turkey
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5
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Yayci A, Sassmann T, Boes A, Jakob F, Töpel A, Loreth A, Rauch C, Pich A, Schwaneberg U. Adhesion Peptide-Functionalized Biobased Microgels for Controlled Delivery of Pesticides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319832. [PMID: 38652238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Widespread use of plant protection agents in agriculture is a major cause of pollution. Apart from active ingredients, the environmental impact of auxiliary synthetic polymers should be minimized if they are highly persistent. An alternative to synthetic polymers is the use of natural polysaccharides, which are abundant and biodegradable. In this study, we explore pectin microgels functionalized with anchor peptides (P-MAPs) to be used as an alternative biobased pesticide delivery system. Using copper as the active ingredient, P-MAPs effectively prevented infection of grapevine plants with downy mildew under semi-field conditions on par with commercial copper pesticides. By using anchor peptides, the microgels tightly bind to the leaf surface, exhibiting excellent rain fastness and prolonged fungicidal activity. Finally, P-MAPs are shown to be easily degradable by enzymes found in nature, demonstrating their negligible long-term impact on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkadir Yayci
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Sassmann
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Boes
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Jakob
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Töpel
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Loreth
- Julius-Kühn-Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Rauch
- Julius-Kühn-Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Wang YQ, Zhang Q, Liu JC, Yan JN, Wang C, Lai B, Zhang LC, Wu HT. Construction and characterization of alginate/calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate hydrogels: Effect of M/G ratios and calcium ion concentration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133162. [PMID: 38878925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (CaHMB), a functional calcium salt, is used to maintain and improve muscle health. Here, a new hydrogel material prepared from alginate (ALG) with three M/G ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 1:2) and CaHMB (0-2 mg/mL) was investigated. CaHMB regulates the formation and properties of ALG hydrogels through chelation and hydrogen bonding. When the M/G ratio was 2:1, the anionic groups of CaHMB containing carboxyl and hydroxyl groups formed hydrogen bonds with the polysaccharide chains, hindering the capture of Ca2+ by the G-residue fragments of ALG, which in turn retarded the gelation process. The noncalcium cross-linked polysaccharide chain structure of ALG and the anionic group of CaHMB also affected the water distribution in the hydrogel, especially when M residue content ≥G residue content. Lower M/G ratios and higher CaHMB concentrations could increase the number of "egg box" crosslinking junctions of calcium alginate, and the microstructure was denser in the gel pores, resulting in a stronger gel strength and more free water bound in the gel matrix. This study provides a theoretical and methodological basis for the design of novel hydrogels by studying the crosslinking features of ALG/CaHMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiao Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Liu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jia-Nan Yan
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ce Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Bin Lai
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Li-Chao Zhang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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7
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Cheng X, Wu C, Fan G, Li X, Li T, Zhou D, Cong K, Suo A, Yang T, Shi J, Wang L. Fabrication of blueberry anthocyanins-rich gels based on the apricot polysaccharides with different esterification degrees. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133154. [PMID: 38878922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the stability of anthocyanins under conditions such as light, temperature, and pH, an apricot polysaccharide hydrogel for anthocyanins encapsulation was prepared in this study. Apricot polysaccharides with different DEs were prepared by an alkaline de-esterification method. A gel was prepared by mixing the apricot polysaccharides with CaCl2 to encapsulate the anthocyanins; the encapsulation efficiency reached 69.52 ± 0.31 %. Additionally, the gel exhibited favorable hardness (144.17 ± 2.33 g) and chewiness (64.13 ± 1.53 g). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) spectra confirmed that the formation of the hydrogel primarily relied on electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Compared with free anthocyanins, it was also found that the gel-encapsulated anthocyanins had a higher retention rate (RR) under different temperatures and light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Gongjian Fan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kaiping Cong
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Andi Suo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Tian Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jieying Shi
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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8
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Hughes MH, Brugnoni LI, Genovese DB. Mixed κ/ι-carrageenan - LM pectin gels: Relating the rheological and mechanical properties with the capacity for probiotic encapsulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133009. [PMID: 38852727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The rheological and mechanical properties of mixed κ/ι-carrageenan - LM pectin gels were determined, and the potential of these gels for the formation of beads using the extrusion method and for the encapsulation of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 (LGG) was evaluated. Self-standing gels were obtained with all formulations evaluated. Carrageenan-rich gels, with carrageenan fraction (XC) ≥ 0.75, exhibited the highest storage modulus, but they were also brittle, while pectin-rich gels (XC ≤ 0.25) presented the highest hardness and cohesiveness. Pectin-rich formulations formed beads with the smallest initial diameter (2.40-2.45 mm), and the addition of carrageenan produced significantly more spherical beads compared to pure-pectin ones. As pectin-rich beads were the formulations that resisted simulated gastrointestinal conditions, these were selected for the encapsulation of LGG. These beads showed high encapsulation yields (87-96 %), and the percentage reduction of CFU/g during storage and simulated gastrointestinal conditions was not significantly different among formulations, the latter being significantly lower for encapsulated cells (8.64-15.03 %) compared to free cells (71.20 %). These results indicate that carrageenan-pectin gel beads with XC ≤ 0.25 were successful in encapsulating probiotic bacteria, and this capacity was related to the rheological and mechanical properties of the gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie H Hughes
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química - PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga 7000, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Lorena I Brugnoni
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur - INBIOSUR (UNS-CONICET), San Juan 671, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Diego B Genovese
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química - PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga 7000, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Alem 1253, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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9
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Zhou T, Wang H, Han Q, Song Z, Yu D, Li G, Liu W, Dong C, Ge S, Chen X. Fabrication and characterization of an alginate-based film incorporated with cinnamaldehyde for fruit preservation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133398. [PMID: 38917925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Sodium alginate (SA) is widely used in the food, biomedical, and chemical industries due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and excellent film-forming properties. This article introduces a simple method for preparing uniform alginate-based packaging materials with exceptional properties for fruit preservation. The alginate was uniformly crosslinked by gradually releasing calcium ions triggered by the sustained hydrolysis of gluconolactone (GDL). A cinnamaldehyde (CA) emulsion, stabilized by xanthan without the use of traditional surfactants, was tightly incorporated into the alginate film to enhance its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and UV shielding properties. The alginate-based film effectively blocked ultraviolet rays in the range of 400-200 nm, while allowing for a visible light transmittance of up to 70 %. Additionally, it showed an increased water contact angle and decreased water vapor permeability. The alginate-based film was also employed in the preparation of coated paper through the commonly used coating process in the papermaking industry. The alginate-based material displayed excellent antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Botrytis cinerea, successfully extending the shelf life of strawberries to 7 days at room temperature. This low-cost and facile method has the potential to drive advancements in the food and biomedical fields by tightly incorporating active oil onto a wide range of biomacromolecule substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Huili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Qian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhaoping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Huatai Paper Co., Ltd., Shandong Yellow Triangle Biotechnology Industry Research Institute Co. LTD, Dongying 257335, China.
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Cuihua Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of High Yield Clean Pulping and Special Cultural Paper, Liaocheng 252000, China
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10
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Effraimopoulou E, Jaxel J, Budtova T, Rigacci A. Hydrophobic Modification of Pectin Aerogels via Chemical Vapor Deposition. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1628. [PMID: 38931978 PMCID: PMC11207865 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pectin aerogels, with very low density (around 0.1 g cm-3) and high specific surface area (up to 600 m2 g-1), are excellent thermal insulation materials since their thermal conductivity is below that of air at ambient conditions (0.025 W m-1 K-1). However, due to their intrinsic hydrophilicity, pectin aerogels collapse when in contact with water vapor, losing superinsulating properties. In this work, first, pectin aerogels were made, and the influence of the different process parameters on the materials' structure and properties were studied. All neat pectin aerogels had a low density (0.04-0.11 g cm-1), high specific surface area (308-567 m2 g-1), and very low thermal conductivity (0.015-0.023 W m-1 K-1). Then, pectin aerogels were hydrophobized via the chemical vapor deposition of methyltrimethoxysilane using different reaction durations (2 to 24 h). The influence of hydrophobization on material properties, especially on thermal conductivity, was recorded by conditioning in a climate chamber (25 °C, 80% relative humidity). Hydrophobization resulted in the increase in thermal conductivity compared to that of neat pectin aerogels. MTMS deposition for 16 h was efficient for hydrophobizing pectin aerogels in moist environment (contact angle 115°) and stabilizing material properties with no fluctuation in thermal conductivity (0.030 W m-1 K-1) and density for the testing period of 8 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Effraimopoulou
- Mines Paris, PSL University, Centre for Processes, Renewable Energy and Energy Systems (PERSEE), 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (E.E.); (J.J.)
- Mines Paris, PSL University, Centre for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Julien Jaxel
- Mines Paris, PSL University, Centre for Processes, Renewable Energy and Energy Systems (PERSEE), 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (E.E.); (J.J.)
| | - Tatiana Budtova
- Mines Paris, PSL University, Centre for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Arnaud Rigacci
- Mines Paris, PSL University, Centre for Processes, Renewable Energy and Energy Systems (PERSEE), 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (E.E.); (J.J.)
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11
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Wannasin D, Ryu J, McClements DJ. Innovative method for producing plant-based meat analogs: Acid/calcium-induced internal gelation of potato protein/alginate composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132069. [PMID: 38705333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
When creating plant-based meat analogs, it is often challenging to mimic the structural and textural attributes of real meat products during the cooking process. In this study, we investigated the potential of using potato protein/calcium alginate composite gels to formulate plant-based meat analogs. These gels provide a semi-solid texture at ambient temperature that remains intact during cooking because the electrostatic crosslinks are resistant to heat. Composite gels consisting of potato protein (10 wt%) and alginate (0-2 wt%) were prepared using the internal gelation method. This method involves dispersing an insoluble form of calcium (CaHPO4) throughout the protein-polysaccharide matrix and then using glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) to slowly lower the pH, thereby releasing the Ca2+ ions evenly throughout the system. The calcium alginate increased the strength of the potato protein gels and provided structural resistance to heat. Appreciable water loss occurred during cooking for simple calcium alginate gels, but this was prevented when potato proteins were present. Increasing the alginate concentration from 0 to 1.5 % increased the strength of the composite gels but higher levels promoted phase separation and network disruption, which reduced the gel strength. Heating did not appreciably alter the microstructure of the composite gels, but it did alter that of the pure potato protein gels. Finally, the potential of the composite gels as plant-based meat analogs was assessed by comparing their thermal denaturation and textural properties to those of real chicken breast. The potato protein/alginate composites were shown to simulate the thermal denaturation and textural changes of real chicken during the cooking process. Overall, our results suggest that calcium alginate gels may be useful in the formulation of plant-based meat products with improved cooking properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donpon Wannasin
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jaekun Ryu
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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12
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Wu CL, Liao JS, Wang JM, Qi JR. Gelation behavior and mechanism of low methoxyl pectin in the presence of erythritol and sucrose: The role of co-solutes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132261. [PMID: 38744367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Co-solutes such as sucrose and sugar alcohol play a significant part in low methoxyl pectin (LMP) gelation. To explore their gelation mechanism, we investigated the gelation behavior of LMP in the presence of erythritol and sucrose with Ca2+. Results revealed that the introduction of erythritol and sucrose improved the hardness of the gels, fixed more free water, accelerated the rate of gel structuring, and enhanced the gel strength. FT-IR confirmed the reinforced hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces between the pectin chains after introducing co-solutes. And it could be observed clearly by SEM that the cross-linking density of gel network enhanced with co-solutes. Furthermore, gel disruption experiments suggested the presence of ionic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic forces in LMP gels. Finally, we concluded that the egg-box regions cross-linked only by LMP and Ca2+ were too weak to form a stable gel network structure. Adding co-solutes could increase the amount of cross-linking between pectin chains and enlarge the cross-linking zones, which favored the formation of a dense gel network by more hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. Sucrose gels had superior physicochemical properties and microstructure than erythritol gels due to sucrose's excellent hydration capacity and chemical structure characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Liao
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Lemon (Guangzhou City) Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jin-Mei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jun-Ru Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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13
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Fang K, Li P, Zhang B, Liu S, Zhao X, Kou L, Xu W, Guo X, Li J. Insights on updates in sodium alginate/MXenes composites as the designer matrix for various applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132032. [PMID: 38702004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in two-dimensional materials, particularly MXenes, have spurred the development of innovative composites through their integration with natural polymers such as sodium alginate (SA). Mxenes exhibit a broad specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and an abundance of surface terminations, which can be combined with SA to maximize the synergistic effect of the materials. This article provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art techniques in the fabrication of SA/MXene composites, analyzing the resulting structural and functional enhancements with a specific focus on advancing the design of these composites for practical applications. A detailed exploration of SA/MXene composites is provided, highlighting their utility in various sectors, such as wearable electronics, wastewater treatment, biomedical applications, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The review identifies the unique advantages conferred by incorporating MXene in these composites, examines the current challenges, and proposes future research directions to understand and optimize these promising materials thoroughly. The remarkable properties of MXenes are emphasized as crucial for advancing the performance of SA-based composites, indicating significant potential for developing high-performance composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China,.
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Si Liu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Linxuan Kou
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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14
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Nakada M, Ishida H, Uchiyama H, Ota R, Ogura T, Namiki Y. Disaggregation and fibrillation during sol-gel transition of alginate hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131890. [PMID: 38692534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The rheological and morphological characteristics of Ca-crosslinked alginate hydrogels with two different M/G ratios, α-L-guluronate (G)-rich and β-D-mannuronate (M)-rich, each with one alginic acid concentration, were investigated. It was found that the stiffness and elasticity of alginate hydrogels are derived from the thickness and density of the fibril network structures. In aqueous alginate solution, ball-like aggregates of alginates are present. Time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering and time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance measurements suggest that the disaggregation of alginate aggregates and loose fibrillation occur in the early stage of the sol-gel transition. After these induction stage, direct gelation is finally caused by the formation of the egg-box junction. G-rich alginate hydrogel has a higher stiffness and a thicker and denser fibril network structure than M-rich alginate hydrogel. The former also exhibits faster and more significant changes in physical properties during the sol-gel transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakada
- Toray Research Center, Inc., 2-11 Sonoyama 3-chome, Otsu 520-8567, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ishida
- Toray Research Center, Inc., 2-11 Sonoyama 3-chome, Otsu 520-8567, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hironobu Uchiyama
- Toray Research Center, Inc., 2-11 Sonoyama 3-chome, Otsu 520-8567, Shiga, Japan
| | - Rena Ota
- Toray Research Center, Inc., 2-11 Sonoyama 3-chome, Otsu 520-8567, Shiga, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ogura
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Namiki
- KIMICA Corporation, 2-1-1 Yaesu, Chuo-ku, 104-0028 Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Elsherif NI, Al-Mahallawi AM, Ahmed IS, Shamma RN. Pectin nanoparticles loaded with nitric oxide donor drug: A potential approach for tissue regeneration. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100244. [PMID: 38585344 PMCID: PMC10997829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of wound healing and tissue regeneration involves several key mechanisms to ensure the production of new tissues with similar cellular functions. This study investigates the impact of pectin, a natural polysaccharide, and nebivolol hydrochloride (NBV), a nitric oxide (NO) donor drug, on wound healing. Utilizing ionotropic gelation, NBV-loaded pectin nanoparticles were developed following a 2231 full factorial design. The optimized formulation, determined using Design expert® software, exhibited an encapsulation efficiency percentage of 70.68%, zeta potential of -51.4 mV, and a particle size of 572 nm, characterized by a spherical, discrete morphology. An in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimal formulation in wound healing compared to various controls. The results demonstrated the enhanced ability of the optimal formulation to accelerate wound healing. Moreover, histopathological examination further confirmed the formulation's benefits in tissue proliferation and collagen deposition at the wound site 15 days post-injury. This suggests that the developed formulation not only promotes faster healing but does so with minimal side effects, positioning it as a promising agent for effective wound healing and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha I. Elsherif
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz M. Al-Mahallawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Iman Saad Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rehab N. Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
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16
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Yan B, Chen T, Tao Y, Zhang N, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Fan D. Fabrication, Functional Properties, and Potential Applications of Mixed Gellan-Polysaccharide Systems: A Review. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2024; 15:151-172. [PMID: 37906941 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-072023-034318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Gellan, an anionic heteropolysaccharide synthesized by Sphingomonas elodea, is an excellent gelling agent. However, its poor mechanical strength and high gelling temperature limit its application. Recent studies have reported that combining gellan with other polysaccharides achieves desirable properties for food- and biomaterial-related applications. This review summarizes the fabrication methods, functional properties, and potential applications of gellan-polysaccharide systems. Starch, pectin, xanthan gum, and konjac glucomannan are the most widely used polysaccharides in these composite systems. Heating-cooling and ionic-induced cross-linking approaches have been used in the fabrication of these systems. Composite gels fabricated using gellan and various polysaccharides exhibit different functional properties, possibly because of their distinct molecular interactions. In terms of applications, mixed gellan-polysaccharide systems have been extensively used in texture modification, edible coatings and films, bioactive component delivery, and tissue-engineering applications. Further scientific studies, including structural determinations of mixed systems, optimization of processing methods, and expansion of applications in food-related fields, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Yu H, Zhao Y, Li R, Guo X, Liu P, Zhang J. Effect of apple high-methoxyl pectin on heat-induced gelation of silver carp myofibrillar protein. Food Chem 2024; 441:138366. [PMID: 38199110 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The effect of adding apple high-methoxy pectin (HMP) (0-3 mg∙mL-1) on heat-induced gel characteristics of low concentration silver carp myofibrillar protein (MP) (15 mg∙mL-1) was studied. It was found that the hardness of gel increased by 20.6 times with adding 2 mg∙mL-1 HMP. Besides, HMP aided in the development of disulfide bonds and the aggregation of hydrophobic groups. During gel formation, the maximal storage modulus (G') of samples supplemented with 2 mg·mL-1 HMP was raised by a factor of 2.7. Of note, the images of SEM showed that protein and water were tightly combined with a proper amount of HMP and made its pores more uniform and dense. Meantime, the addition of moderate amounts of HMP enabled the formation of gels with favorable texture and performance at low concentration of MP was identified, which could provide a theoretical reference for the design and production of flesh low-calorie food gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Runze Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
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18
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Santamaría E, Lizarreta N, Vílchez S, González C, Maestro A. Formation of Microcapsules of Pullulan by Emulsion Template Mechanism: Evaluation as Vitamin C Delivery Systems. Gels 2024; 10:355. [PMID: 38920902 PMCID: PMC11202853 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pullulan is a polysaccharide that has attracted the attention of scientists in recent times as a former of edible films. On the other hand, its use for the preparation of hydrogels needs more study, as well as the formation of pullulan microcapsules as active ingredient release systems for the food industry. Due to the slow gelation kinetics of pullulan with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), capsules cannot be formed through the conventional method of dropping into a solution of the gelling agent, as with other polysaccharides, since the pullulan chains migrate to the medium before the capsules can form by gelation. Pullulan microcapsules have been obtained by using inverse water-in-oil emulsions as templates. The emulsion that acts as a template has been characterized by monitoring its stability and by optical microscopy, and the size of the emulsion droplets has been correlated with the size of the microcapsules obtained, demonstrating that it is a good technique for their production. Although some flocs of droplets form, these remain dispersed during the gelation process and two capsule size distributions are obtained: those of the non-flocculated droplets and the flocculated droplets. The microcapsules have been evaluated as vitamin C release systems, showing zero-order release kinetics for acidic pH and Fickian mechanism for neutral pH. On the other hand, the microcapsules offer good protection of vitamin C against oxidation during an evaluation period of 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Santamaría
- Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franques, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Naroa Lizarreta
- Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franques, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Vílchez
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme González
- Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franques, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Alicia Maestro
- Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franques, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
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19
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Lv D, Chen F, Yang X, Yin L, Yu J, Chen Z. Ficus awkeotsang Makino pectin in acidic environments: Insights into pectin structure, gelation behavior, and gel properties. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121913. [PMID: 38431394 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the gelation capacity, gelation behavior, and mechanism of Ficus awkeotsang Makino pectin (JFSP) in acidic media (pH 3.4-4.5). JFSP exhibited an extraordinary ability to spontaneously form a gel at a low polymer concentration (0.3 %, w/v) within the pH range of 3.75-4.05 at room temperature, without the need to introduce exogenous metal ions or co-solutes. Analysis of zeta potential and carboxyl dissociation extent revealed the protonation of free carboxyl groups within JFSP under acidic conditions. Atomic force microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering elucidated the aggregation morphology and folding conformation of JFSP. At pH 3.8, the correlation length (ξ) of JFSP chains decreased to around 1.67 nm. Rheological experiments confirmed the formation of a stronger gel network at pH 3.8 and 4.0, with good thermal and freeze-thaw stability. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), temperature sweeps, and gelation force analyses emphasized the pivotal role of hydrogen bonds in JFSP gels at pH 3.8 and 4.0. Further reducing the pH to 3.4-3.6 disrupted the dynamic equilibrium of gel-driving forces, leading to the formation of a flocculated gel network. These findings deepen our understanding of JFSP behavior in low-acid conditions, which may be useful for further food formulations at these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyang Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan 462000, PR China.
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan
| | - Lijun Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, PO Box 40, 17 Qinghuadonglu, Haidian, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Jinyan Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Zixin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
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20
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Sun R, Gao S, Zhang K, Cheng WT, Hu G. Recent advances in alginate-based composite gel spheres for removal of heavy metals. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131853. [PMID: 38679268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The discharge of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater into natural water bodies is a consequence of global industrialisation. Due to their high toxicity and resistance to degradation, these heavy metal ions pose a substantial threat to human health as they accumulate and amplify. Alginate-based composite gels exhibit good adsorption and mechanical properties, excellent biodegradability, and non-toxicity, making them environmentally friendly heavy metal ion adsorbents for water with promising development prospects. This paper introduces the basic properties, cross-linking methods, synthetic approaches, modification methods, and manufacturing techniques of alginate-based composite gels. The adsorption properties and mechanical strength of these gels can be enhanced through surface modification, multi-component mixing, and embedding. The main production processes involved are sol-gel and cross-linking methods. Additionally, this paper reviews various applications of alginate composite gels for common heavy metals, rare earth elements, and radionuclides and elucidates the adsorption mechanism of alginate composite gels. This study aimed to provide a reference for synthesising new, efficient, and environmentally friendly alginate-based adsorbents and to contribute new ideas and directions for addressing the issue of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Sun
- Qilu Lake Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Plateau Shallow Lake in Yunnan Province, Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Sanshuang Gao
- Qilu Lake Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Plateau Shallow Lake in Yunnan Province, Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Qilu Lake Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Plateau Shallow Lake in Yunnan Province, Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Wen-Tong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Guangzhi Hu
- Qilu Lake Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Plateau Shallow Lake in Yunnan Province, Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
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21
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McClements DJ. Novel animal product substitutes: A new category of plant-based alternatives to meat, seafood, egg, and dairy products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e313330. [PMID: 38551190 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Many consumers are adopting plant-centric diets to address the adverse effects of livestock production on the environment, health, and animal welfare. Processed plant-based foods, including animal product analogs (such as meat, seafood, egg, or dairy analogs) and traditional animal product substitutes (such as tofu, seitan, or tempeh), may not be desirable to a broad spectrum of consumers. This article introduces a new category of plant-based foods specifically designed to overcome the limitations of current animal product analogs and substitutes: novel animal product substitutes (NAPS). NAPS are designed to contain high levels of nutrients to be encouraged (such as proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fibers, vitamins, and minerals) and low levels of nutrients to be discouraged (such as salt, sugar, and saturated fat). Moreover, they may be designed to have a wide range of appearances, textures, mouthfeels, and flavors. For instance, they could be red, orange, green, yellow, blue, or beige; they could be spheres, ovals, cubes, or pyramids; they could be hard/soft or brittle/pliable; and they could be lemon, thyme, curry, or chili flavored. Consequently, there is great flexibility in creating NAPS that could be eaten in situations where animal products are normally consumed, for example, with pasta, rice, potatoes, bread, soups, or salads. This article reviews the science behind the formulation of NAPS, highlights factors impacting their appearance, texture, flavor, and nutritional profile, and discusses methods that can be used to formulate, produce, and characterize them. Finally, it stresses the need for further studies on this new category of foods, especially on their sensory and consumer aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Su Z, Liu Y, Kang L, Chang X, Tan X, Shen D, Wang X, Wang HH, Li G. Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of pectin fractions extracted from lemon (Citrus Eureka) peels. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:132014. [PMID: 38697443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Pectin, a natural polysaccharide, holds versatile applications in food and pharmaceuticals. However, there is a need for further exploration into extracting novel functional fractions and characterizing them thoroughly. In this study, a sequential extraction approach was used to obtain three distinct lemon pectin (LP) fractions from lemon peels (Citrus Eureka): LP extracted with sodium acetate (LP-SA), LP extracted with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (LP-EDTA), and LP extracted with sodium carbonate and sodium borohydride (LP-SS). Comprehensive analysis revealed low methyl-esterification in all fractions. LP-SA and LP-SS displayed characteristics of rhamnogalacturonan-I type pectin, while LP-EDTA mainly consisted of homogalacturonan pectin. Notably, LP-SA formed self-aggregated particles with rough surfaces, LP-EDTA showed interlocking linear structures with smooth planes, and LP-SS exhibited branch chain structures with smooth surfaces. Bioactivity analysis indicated that LP-SA had significant apparent viscosity and ABTS radical scavenging activity, while both LP-EDTA and LP-SS showed excellent thermal stability according to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, LP-SS exhibited remarkable gel-forming ability and significant hydroxyl free radicals scavenging activity. In conclusion, this study presents a novel method for extracting various lemon pectin fractions with unique structural and bioactive properties, contributing insights for advanced applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Su
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lingtao Kang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xia Chang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xinjia Tan
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Dan Shen
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Gaoyang Li
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China.
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23
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Benítez SV, Carrasco R, Giraldo JD, Schoebitz M. Microbeads as carriers for Bacillus pumilus: a biofertilizer focus on auxin production. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:170-189. [PMID: 38469757 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2324812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to develop a solid biofertilizer using Bacillus pumilus, focusing on auxin production to enhance plant drought tolerance. Methods involved immobilising B. pumilus in alginate-starch beads, focusing on microbial concentration, biopolymer types, and environmental conditions. The optimal formulation showed a diameter of 3.58 mm ± 0.18, a uniform size distribution after 15 h of drying at 30 °C, a stable bacterial concentration (1.99 × 109 CFU g-1 ± 1.03 × 109 over 180 days at room temperature), a high auxin production (748.8 µg g-1 ± 10.3 of IAA in 7 days), and a water retention capacity of 37% ± 4.07. In conclusion, this new formulation of alginate + starch + L-tryptophan + B. pumilus has the potential for use in crops due to its compelling water retention, high viability in storage at room temperature, and high auxin production, which provides commercial advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange V Benítez
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rocio Carrasco
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan D Giraldo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratory of Biofilms and Environmental Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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24
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Feng A, Zhao Z, Liu C, Du C, Gao P, Liu X, Li D. Study on characterization of Bupleurum chinense polysaccharides with antioxidant mechanisms focus on ROS relative signaling pathways and anti-aging evaluation in vivo model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131171. [PMID: 38574920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the structures of three polysaccharides from Bupleurum chinense DC. (BCPRs), and evaluated their antioxidant and anti-aging properties. The HPGPC and ion chromatography analyses revealed that the molecular weights of the BCPRs ranged from 12.05 to 21.20 kDa, and were primarily composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, galactose, glucose and galacturonic acid. Methylation and NMR studies identified 10 PMAAs, establishing the various backbones of BCPRs 1-3. BCPR-3 demonstrated potent antioxidant activities, including DPPH, ABTS, hydroxy, and superoxide radicals scavenging in vitro. At concentrations between 125 and 500 μg/mL, BCPR-3 increased T-AOC, SOD and GSH-Px activities, while decreasing MDA levels in H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, RNA-seq results indicated that BCPR-3 considerably downregulated the expression of 49 genes and upregulated five genes compared with the control group. KEGG analysis suggested that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predominantly involved in the TNF and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Furthermore, in vivo experiment with Drosophila melanogaster showed that BCPR-3 could extend the average lifespan of flies. In conclusion, polysaccharides from B. chinense exhibited potential antioxidant and anti-aging activities, which could be developed as new ingredients to combat oxidative stress damage and slow the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Feng
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China
| | - Changfeng Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Cheng Du
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 100016, China
| | - Pinyi Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China.
| | - Xuegui Liu
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Danqi Li
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
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25
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Li H, Shen S, Wang H, Fu J. Bioinspired, surfactant-free, dual-layer asymmetric structures based on polysaccharides, gelatin, and tannic acid for potential applications in biomedicine. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130861. [PMID: 38490384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The formation of dual-layer asymmetric porous structures in surfactant-based systems is significantly influenced by emulsions. Surfactants self-assemble to alter the conformational arrangement of polysaccharides, while gravity disrupts the initial uniformity of the established equilibrium droplet concentration gradient in the emulsion, thus achieving delamination. Specifically, high-speed rotation and non-instantaneous freezing allow the gelatin solution to form two different states of foam layers. The integrated dual-layer asymmetric porous structure, composed of polysaccharides and tannic acid, is constructed with gelatin as a skeleton and surfactant. This innovative approach eliminates the need to consider the toxicity of chemically synthesized surfactants and expands the concept of gelatin utilization. This intriguing structure exhibits a variety of desirable characteristics within 30 days (e.g., tailorable performance, ultrarapid antioxidant activity, efficient antibacterial activity, low differential blood clotting index, and good hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility), suggesting its potential as a valuable reference for applying hierarchical porous structures, thereby offering more formulation flexibility for biomaterials with adjustable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, China.
| | - Jiajia Fu
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, China; China National Textile and Apparel Council Key Laboratory of Natural Dyes, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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26
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Im HR, Kim CM, Choi PJ, Jang A. Non-destructive monitoring and prediction of fouling by organic matters and residual anionic coagulant during membrane process. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141778. [PMID: 38554864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Physical fouling characteristics on silicon carbide (SiC) membranes induced by various organic matter compounds vary depending on the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+). Both destructive techniques (morphological surface analysis) and non-destructive techniques (fouling properties monitoring) were used to determine the fouling mechanisms and behavior during the membrane filtration systems. Destructive analysis and a modified Hermia model were employed to assess the fouling mechanisms. Fouling behavior was also analyzed through non-destructive monitoring techniques including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscopy (3D-LSM). At concentrations of 10, 30, and 100 mg/L without Ca2+, the flux decreased by 57-95% for humic acid (HA) and anionic polyacrylamide (APAM). APAM exhibited a notable removal rate of up to 56% without Ca2+. At concentration of 10, 30, and 100 mg/L in the absence of Ca2+, the flux decreased by 6-8% for sodium alginate (SA). However, the addition of Ca2+ led to a reduction in the flux for SA by up to 91% and resulted in a removal rate of 40%. Furthermore, addition of Ca2+ led to an alteration of the fouling characteristics of HA and SA. In the case of HA, higher concentrations resulted in elevated thickness and roughness with correlation coefficients of 0.991 and 0.992, respectively. For SA, increased SA concentration led to a thicker (correlation coefficient of 0.999) but smoother surfaces (correlation coefficients of 0.502). Monitoring of these physical characteristics of the fouling layer through non-destructive analysis is crucial for effective fouling management, optimization of the system performance and extending the lifespan of the membrane. By continuously assessing the fouling layer thickness and surface roughness, we expect to be able to provide insights on the fouling behavior, identify trends, that can help scientists and engineers to make informed decisions regarding fouling control strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Rae Im
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Min Kim
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea; Future and Fusion Lab of Architectural, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Paula Jungwon Choi
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Am Jang
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Zou Q, Duan H, Fang S, Sheng W, Li X, Stoika R, Finiuk N, Panchuk R, Liu K, Wang L. Fabrication of yeast β-glucan/sodium alginate/γ-polyglutamic acid composite particles for hemostasis and wound healing. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2394-2407. [PMID: 38502151 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm02068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Particles with a porous structure can lead to quick hemostasis and provide a good matrix for cell proliferation during wound healing. Recently, many particle-based wound healing materials have been clinically applied. However, these products show good hemostatic ability but with poor wound healing ability. To solve this problem, this study fabricated APGG composite particles using yeast β-glucan (obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), sodium alginate, and γ-polyglutamic acid as the starting materials. The structure of yeast β-glucan was modified with many carboxymethyl groups to obtain carboxymethylated β-glucan, which could coordinate with Ca2+ ions to form a crosslinked structure. A morphology study indicated that the APGG particles showed an irregular spheroidal structure with a low density (<0.1 g cm-3) and high porosity (>40%). An in vitro study revealed that the particles exhibited a low BCI value, low hemolysis ratio, and good cytocompatibility against L929 cells. The APGG particles could quickly stop bleeding in a mouse liver injury model and exhibited better hemostatic ability than the commercially available product Celox. Furthermore, the APGG particles could accelerate the healing of non-infected wounds, and the expression levels of CD31, α-SMA, and VEGF related to angiogenesis were significantly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Zou
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China.
| | - Hongdong Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shimin Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China.
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China.
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Finiuk
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav Panchuk
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China.
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China.
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28
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Günter E, Popeyko O, Vityazev F, Popov S. Effect of Callus Cell Immobilization on the Textural and Rheological Properties, Loading, and Releasing of Grape Seed Extract from Pectin Hydrogels. Gels 2024; 10:273. [PMID: 38667692 PMCID: PMC11048760 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to prepare pectin hydrogels with immobilized Lemna minor callus cells and to identify the effect of cell immobilization on the textural, rheological, and swelling properties; loading; and releasing of grape seed extract (GSE) from the hydrogels. Hardness, adhesiveness, elasticity, the strength of linkage, and complex viscosity decreased with increasing cell content in the hydrogels based on pectin with a degree of methyl esterification (DM) of 5.7% (TVC) and during incubation in gastrointestinal fluids. An increase in the rheological properties and fragility of pectin/callus hydrogels based on pectin with a DM of 33.0% (CP) was observed at a cell content of 0.4 g/mL. TVC-based pectin/callus beads increased their swelling in gastrointestinal fluids as cell content increased. TVC-based beads released GSE very slowly into simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, indicating controlled release. The GSE release rate in colonic fluid decreased with increasing cell content, which was associated with the accumulation of GSE in cells. CP-based beads released GSE completely in the intestinal fluid due to weak textural characteristics and rapid degradation within 10 min. Pectin/callus hydrogels have the ability to preserve GSE for a long time and may have great potential for the development of proanthocyanidin delivery systems due to their novel beneficial physicochemical and textural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Günter
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (O.P.); (F.V.)
| | | | | | - Sergey Popov
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (O.P.); (F.V.)
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29
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Liu Y, Tang C, Wen J, Guo H, Fan H. Mechanical characterization and water stability of loess improved by bio-based materials: An eco-friendly approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171111. [PMID: 38402965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Loess exhibits poor engineering properties, such as low strength and poor water stability. Conventional materials used for improving loess, such as cement and lime, result in environmental pollution issues throughout their production and application processes. To assess the efficacy of bio-based materials, including calcium alginate (CA), xanthan gum (XA), cotton fibers (CO) and flax fibers (FA) in the treatment of loess, the improved soil's strength, disintegration, and water resistance were examined. Subsequently, an optimal amendment approach was determined, and dry-wet cycle tests and microscopic observation were performed. The results show that 1.0 % calcium alginate can effectively enhance the strength of loess, significantly improving its resistance to disintegration with almost no observable disintegration; permeability is significantly reduced, and water repellency is enhanced. 2.0 % xanthan can improve the strength and disintegration resistance of loess, but the improvement in strength is lower than that of calcium alginate. Additionally, the improved soil with XA experiences a flocculent disintegration in static water, which cannot maintain the soil structure. Cotton fibers and flax fibers can enhance both compressive and tensile strength of the soil. The content of 0.45 % flax fibers is considered the optimal choice as it has no effect on water stability. Combining the above results, the combination of 1.0 % CA and 0.45 % FA has been selected to improve the loess, which effectively improves the comprehensive mechanical properties and water stability of the composite improved soil. The decrease in strength and mass loss rate are significantly reduced after dry-wet cycle tests. Microscopic tests show that calcium alginate connects soil particles by Ca2+ ionic bridges, which allows the cementing materials to fill the loess pores and exert the role of agglomeration and coagulation to enhance the integrity of the loess. This study shows that the bio-based material with calcium alginate as the main body can effectively improve the mechanical strength and water stability of the loess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Problematic Rock and Soil Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chaoxin Tang
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Problematic Rock and Soil Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Jixiang Wen
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Problematic Rock and Soil Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongdong Guo
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Problematic Rock and Soil Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Henghui Fan
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Problematic Rock and Soil Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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30
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Anagnostidis V, Tiwari A, Gielen F. Deep learning-assisted concentration gradient generation for the study of 3D cell cultures in hydrogel beads of varying stiffness. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1364553. [PMID: 38665812 PMCID: PMC11044700 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1364553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of dose-response relationships underpins analytical biosciences. Droplet microfluidics platforms can automate the generation of microreactors encapsulating varying concentrations of an assay component, providing datasets across a large chemical space in a single experiment. A classical method consists in varying the flow rate of multiple solutions co-flowing into a single microchannel (producing different volume fractions) before encapsulating the contents into water-in-oil droplets. This process can be automated through controlling the pumping elements but lacks the ability to adapt to unpredictable experimental scenarios, often requiring constant human supervision. In this paper, we introduce an image-based, closed-loop control system for assessing and adjusting volume fractions, thereby generating unsupervised, uniform concentration gradients. We trained a shallow convolutional neural network to assess the position of the laminar flow interface between two co-flowing fluids and used this model to adjust flow rates in real-time. We apply the method to generate alginate microbeads in which HEK293FT cells could grow in three dimensions. The stiffnesses ranged from 50 Pa to close to 1 kPa in Young modulus and were encoded with a fluorescent marker. We trained deep learning models based on the YOLOv4 object detector to efficiently detect both microbeads and multicellular spheroids from high-content screening images. This allowed us to map relationships between hydrogel stiffness and multicellular spheroid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Anagnostidis
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Anuj Tiwari
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Gielen
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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31
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Sun R, Lv Z, Wang Y, Gu Y, Sun Y, Zeng X, Gao Z, Zhao X, Yuan Y, Yue T. Preparation and characterization of pectin-alginate-based microbeads reinforced by nano montmorillonite filler for probiotics encapsulation: Improving viability and colonic colonization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130543. [PMID: 38432271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel microbeads can be used to enhance the stability of probiotics during gastrointestinal delivery and storage. In this study, the pectin-alginate hydrogel was enhanced by adding montmorillonite filler to produce microbeads for encapsulating Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens (LK). Results showed that the viscosity of biopolymer solutions with 1 % (PAMT1) and 3 % (PAMT3) montmorillonite addition was suitable for producing regular-shaped microbeads. A layered cross-linked network was formed on the surface of PAMT3 microbeads through electrostatic interaction between pectin-alginate and montmorillonite filler, and the surrounding LK with adsorbed montmorillonite was encapsulated inside the microbeads. PAMT3 microbeads reduced the loss of viability of LK when passing through the gastric acid environment, and facilitated the slow release of LK in the intestine and colonic colonization. The maximum decrease in viability among all filler groups was 1.21 log CFU/g after two weeks of storage, while PAMT3 freeze-drying microbeads only decreased by 0.46 log CFU/g, indicating that the gel layer synergized with the adsorbed layer to provide dual protection for probiotics. Therefore, filler-reinforced microbeads are a promising bulk encapsulation carrier with great potential for the protection and delivery of probiotics and can be developed as food additives for dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongyi Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gu
- Chemical Engineering with Biotechnology, Imperial College London, SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Yuhan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuejun Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xubo Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Kapoor DU, Garg R, Gaur M, Pareek A, Prajapati BG, Castro GR, Suttiruengwong S, Sriamornsak P. Pectin hydrogels for controlled drug release: Recent developments and future prospects. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102002. [PMID: 38439951 PMCID: PMC10910345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pectin hydrogels have emerged as a highly promising medium for the controlled release of pharmaceuticals in the dynamic field of drug delivery. The present review sheds light on the broad range of applications and potential of pectin-based hydrogels in pharmaceutical formulations. Pectin, as a biopolymer, is a versatile candidate for various drug delivery systems because of its wide range of properties and characteristics. The information provided on formulation strategies and crosslinking techniques provides researchers with tools to improve drug entrapment and controlled release. Furthermore, this review provides a more in-depth understanding of the complex factors influencing drug release from pectin hydrogels, such as the impact of environmental conditions and drug-specific characteristics. Pectin hydrogels demonstrate adaptability across diverse domains, ranging from applications in oral and transdermal drug delivery to contributions in wound healing, tissue engineering, and ongoing clinical trials. While standardization and regulatory compliance remain significant challenges, the future of pectin hydrogels appears to be bright, opening up new possibilities for advanced drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh U. Kapoor
- Dr. Dayaram Patel Pharmacy College, Bardoli, Gujarat 394601, India
| | - Rahul Garg
- Department of Pharmacy, Asian College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Mansi Gaur
- Rajasthan Pharmacy College, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur 302020, India
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shree S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat 384012, India
| | - Guillermo R. Castro
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Supakij Suttiruengwong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Pornsak Sriamornsak
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
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Wang Y, Yang X, Li L. Formation of pH-responsive hydrogel beads and their gel properties: Soybean protein nanofibers and sodium alginate. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121748. [PMID: 38286537 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel beads prepared from protein nanofibers are popular because of their safety, sleek appearance, and protection of biologically active substances. However, extreme external environmental variations, such as pH and temperature, can limit their practical application. To meet the application requirements of hydrogel beads in different environments, non-covalent mixtures of CaCl2 cross-linked soybean protein nanofibers (SNF) and sodium alginate (SA) were used to prepare hydrogel beads. In the present study, the hardness (782.48 g) and elasticity of hydrogel beads formed at SNF/SA = 7:3 and CaCl2 concentration of 0.1 mol/L were the maximum. Furthermore, the water content and pH swelling also reached a peak (98.68 %, 43.85 g/g) due to the best morphology and regular internal network structure. Meanwhile, the pH-responsive hydrogel beads with added anthocyanins were able to respond to the ambient pH under different temperatures and pH conditions and maintained color stability during 96 h of storage (ΔE < 5). In this experiment, a pH-responsive hydrogel bead based on soybean protein nanofiber (SNF) and sodium alginate (SA) was prepared by simple ionic crosslinking. It provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the future application of plant protein nanofibers as pH-responsive hydrogel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Liang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Li J, Cheng X, He B, Li L, Zhang H, Ju J, Yao X. Double-Network Organohydrogels Toughened by Solvent Exchange. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300650. [PMID: 38158795 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Double-network hydrogels based on calcium alginate are extensively exploited. Unfortunately, their low strength and unstable constitution to open environments limit their application potential. Herein, a new type of double-network organohydrogel (OHG) is proposed. By solvent exchange, a stable physical network is established based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-alginate in the presence of a polyacrylamide network. The DMSO content endows tunable mechanical properties, with a maximum tensile strength of ≈1.7 MPa. Importantly, the OHG shows much better environmental stability compared to the conventional double-network hydrogels. Due to the reversible association of hydrogen bonds, the OHG possesses some unique properties, including free-shapeability, shape-memory, and self-adhesion, that offers several promising ways to utilize alginate-based gels for wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials for Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xue Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials for Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing He
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials for Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Longhui Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials for Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials for Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ju
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials for Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xi Yao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials for Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, P. R. China
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Santana I, Felix M, Bengoechea C. Feasibility of Invasive Brown Seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae as Source of Alginate: Characterization of Products and Evaluation of Derived Gels. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:702. [PMID: 38475385 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rugulopteryx okamurae (RO) is an invasive brown seaweed that causes severe environmental problems in the Mediterranean Sea. This work proposed an extraction method that enables their use as a raw material for producing sodium alginate. Alginate was successfully extracted from this invasive seaweed, with its gelling performance in the presence of Ca2+ ions comparable to existing commercial alginates. The mannuronic acid (M)-to-guluronic (G) acid ratio in the 1H-NMR profile indicated a higher percentage of G in the RO-extracted alginate, which implies a greater formation of so-called egg box structures. These differences resulted in their different rheological behaviour, as sodium alginate aqueous solutions exhibited a greater viscosity (η at 1 s-1 = 3.8 ± 0.052 Pa·s) than commercial alginate (2.8 ± 0.024 Pa·s), which is related to the egg box structure developed. When gelled in the presence of calcium, an increase in the value of the elastic modulus was observed. However, the value of the tan δ for the extracted alginate was lower than that of commercial alginate gels, confirming a structure more densely packed, which implies a different restructuring of the alginate chain when gelling. These results confirm the suitability of using invasive Rugulopteryx okamurae as a source of calcium alginate gels. In this way, sustainable bio-based materials may be produced from undesired biomass that currently poses a threat to the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Santana
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Virgen de África, 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Felix
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Virgen de África, 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Bengoechea
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Virgen de África, 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
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36
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Datta N, Jinan T, Wong SY, Chakravarty S, Li X, Anwar I, Arafat MT. Self-assembled sodium alginate polymannuronate nanoparticles for synergistic treatment of ophthalmic infection and inflammation: Preparation optimization and in vitro/vivo evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130038. [PMID: 38336323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Frequent administrations are often needed during the treatment of ocular diseases due to the low bioavailability of the existing eye drops owing to inadequate corneal penetration and rapid drug washout. Herein, sodium alginate polymannuronate (SA) nanocarriers were developed using ionic gelation method that can provide better bioavailability through mucoadhesivity and sustained drug release by binding to the ocular mucus layer. This study disproves the common belief that only the G block of SA participates in the crosslinking reaction during ionic gelation. Self-assembly capability due to the linear flexible structure of the M block, better biocompatibility than G block along with the feasibility of controlling physicochemical characteristics postulate a high potential for designing efficient ocular drug delivery systems. Initially, four crosslinkers of varied concentrations were investigated. Taguchi design of experiment revealed the statistically significant effect of the crosslinker type and concentration on the particle size and stability. The best combination was detected by analyzing the particle size and zeta potential values that showed the desired microstructural properties for ocular barrier penetration. The desired combination was SA-Ca-1 that had particle size within the optimal corneal penetration range, that is 10-200 nm (135 nm). The drug carriers demonstrated excellent entrapment efficiency (∼89 % for Ciprofloxacin and ∼96 % for Dexamethasone) along with a sustained and simultaneous release of dual drug for at least 2 days. The nanoparticles also showed biocompatibility (4 ± 0.6 % hemolysis) and high mucoadhesivity (73 ± 2 % for 0.25 g) which was validated by molecular docking analysis. The prepared formulation was able to reduce the scleral inflammation of the rabbit uveitis models significantly within 3 days. Thus, the eye drop showed remarkable potential for efficient drug delivery leading to faster recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nondita Datta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tohfatul Jinan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Siew Yee Wong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Saumitra Chakravarty
- Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | | | - M Tarik Arafat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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37
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Ma Y, Bi J, Wu Z, Feng S, Yi J. Tailoring microstructure and mechanical properties of pectin cryogels by modulate intensity of ionic interconnection. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130028. [PMID: 38340927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Porous morphology and mechanical properties determine the applications of cryogels. To understand the influence of the ionic network on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pectin cryogels, we prepared low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) cryogels with different Ca2+ concentrations (measured as R-value, ranging from 0 to 2) through freeze-drying (FD). Results showed that the R-values appeared to be crucial parameters that impact the pore morphology and mechanical characteristics of cryogels. It is achieved by altering the network stability and water state properties of the cryogel precursor. Cryogel precursors with a saturated R-value (R = 1) produced a low pore diameter (0.12 mm) microstructure, obtaining the highest crispness (15.00 ± 1.85) and hardness (maximum positive force and area measuring 2.36 ± 0.31 N and 12.30 ± 1.57 N·s respectively). Hardness showed a negative correlation with Ca2+ concentration when R ≤ 1 (-0.89), and a similar correlation with the porosity of the gel network when R ≥ 1 (-0.80). Given the impacts of crosslinking on the pore structure, it is confirmed that the pore diameter can be designed between 56.24 and 153.58 μm by controlling R-value in the range of 0-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchuan Ma
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China; College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-line Monitoring for Light Industry & Food Machinery and Equipment, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-line Monitoring for Light Industry & Food Machinery and Equipment, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuhan Feng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyong Yi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
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Kumar A, Sah DK, Rai Y, Yadav AK, Solanki PR, Ansari MS, Bhatt AN. Granular Hemostatic Composite of Alginate, Calcium, and Zinc for Rapid and Effective Management of Post-Traumatic Hemorrhage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10565-10579. [PMID: 38377563 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic hemorrhage, which can result from accidents or battlefield injuries, is a significant global concern due to the high prehospital mortality rate. Substantial efforts have been made to develop hemostatic agents that can effectively reduce hemorrhage in the immediate aftermath of a traumatic event. The present study investigated the potential efficacy of Ca2+ and Zn2+ supplemented sodium alginate-based dry hemostatic particles (SA-CZ DHP) to manage excessive blood loss or post-traumatic hemorrhage. SA-CZ DHP were developed, followed by their physical and biochemical characterization, cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility testing, and critical evaluation of the hemostatic potential in vitro and in vivo. The safe SA-CZ DHP showed high absorption and accelerated blood clotting kinetics with reduced coagulation time (≈70%, p < 0.0001) in whole human blood, observed with insignificant hemolysis and uninterrupted RBC morphology. SA-CZ DHP significantly reduced the mean blood loss (≈90% in SD rats tail incision), and bleeding time (≈60% in BALB/c mice tail incision) was at par with commercially available Celox hemostatic granules. In conclusion, the biocompatible SA-CZ DHP exhibited rapid and effective management of excessive blood loss. It is also pertinent to note that the developed formulation could be a cost-effective alternative to its commercial counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi 110096, India
| | - Dhananjay K Sah
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Yogesh Rai
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Amit K Yadav
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mohd Saquib Ansari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi 110096, India
| | - Anant N Bhatt
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
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39
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Takbirgou H, Salami M, Askari G, Emam-Djomeh Z, Kennedy JF. Characterization of novel alginate-Aloe Vera raft systems for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128686. [PMID: 38092117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Raft-forming systems are designed to relieve reflux symptoms by forming a physical barrier on top of the stomach. The present study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of alginate-aloe vera raft-forming systems for the first time. To achieve this goal, aloe vera was used in the proportion of 1 and 1.5 % in raft suspensions containing 5 % alginate as the main component of gel structure. Rafts were characterized by their volume, floating behavior, thickness, swelling properties, strength, resilience, reflux resistance, and acid neutralization capacity (ANC). Results showed the effectiveness of aloe vera in forming rafts that were voluminous, buoyant with greater total floating time (TFT), and stronger than formulations with no aloe vera. Furthermore, data showed that the presence of aloe vera could improve resilience time, swelling proportions, resistance to reflux under simulant conditions of movement in the stomach, and ANC values of rafts. Rafts were further characterized by oscillatory strain sweep test, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of rafts displayed a viscoelastic behavior of gels corresponding to the internal cross-linked structure of rafts. This study demonstrated that designing of alginate-aloe vera rafts can be suitable for the treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Takbirgou
- Department of Food Science, and Engineering, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Campus, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Salami
- Department of Food Science, and Engineering, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Campus, Karaj, Iran; Functional Food Research Core (FFRC), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Food Science, and Engineering, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Campus, Karaj, Iran; Functional Food Research Core (FFRC), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Emam-Djomeh
- Department of Food Science, and Engineering, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Campus, Karaj, Iran; Functional Food Research Core (FFRC), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom
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40
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Ivanovska A, Milošević M, Lađarević J, Jankoska M, Matić T, Svirčev Z, Kostić M. A step towards tuning the jute fiber structure and properties by employing sodium periodate oxidation and coating with alginate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128668. [PMID: 38092097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper outlines a novel simple protocol for tuning the structure and properties of jute using sodium periodate (NaIO4) oxidation and coating with alginate. When compared to the raw jute, fabrics oxidized with a 0.2 or 0.4 % NaIO4 solution for 30-120 min exhibited an increased aldehyde group content (0.185 vs. 0.239-0.398 mmol/g), a significantly increased negative zeta potential (from -8.57 down to -20.12 mV), a slight disruption of fiber crystallinity, 15.1-37.5 % and 27.9-49.8 % lower fabric maximum force and stiffness, respectively. Owing to the removal of hydrophobic surface barrier, decreased crystallinity index and the presence of micropores on the fabrics' surfaces, oxidized fabrics have a 22.3-29.6 % improved ability for moisture sorption compared to raw fabric. Oxidized fabrics characterized by very long wetting times and excellent antioxidant activities (> 98 %), can find applications as hydrophobic packaging materials. To further extend the utilization of jute in biocarpet engineering such as water-binding geo-prebiotic supports, oxidized fabrics were coated with alginate resulting in 7.9-24.9 % higher moisture sorption and 352-660 times lower wetting times than their oxidized counterparts. This modification protocol has never been applied to lignocellulosic fibers and sheds new light on obtaining jute fabrics with tuned structure and properties intended for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ivanovska
- University of Belgrade, Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Milošević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Lađarević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Maja Jankoska
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Ruger Boskovic 16, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia.
| | - Tamara Matić
- University of Belgrade, Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zorica Svirčev
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Mirjana Kostić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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41
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Janik W, Jakubski Ł, Kudła S, Dudek G. Modified polysaccharides for food packaging applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128916. [PMID: 38134991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Development of new food packaging materials is crucial to reduce the use of single-use plastics and to limit their destructive impact on the environment. Polysaccharides provide an alternative solution to this problem. This paper summarizes and discusses recent research results on the potential of modifying polysaccharides as materials for film and coating applications. Modifications of polysaccharides significantly affect their properties, as well as their application usability. Although modifications of biopolymers for packaging applications have been widely studied, polysaccharides have attracted little attention despite being a prospective, environmentally friendly, and economically viable packaging alternative. Therefore, this paper discusses approaches to the development of biodegradable, polysaccharide-based food packaging materials and focuses on modifications of four polysaccharides, such as starch, chitosan, sodium alginate and cellulose. In addition, these modifications are presented not only in terms of the selected polysaccharide, but also in terms of specific properties, i.e. hydrophilic, barrier and mechanical properties, of polysaccharides. Such a presentation of results makes it much easier to select the modification method to improve the unsatisfactory properties of the material. Moreover, very often it happens that the applied modification improves one and worsens another property, which is also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Janik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis "Blachownia", Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland; Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Jakubski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Kudła
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis "Blachownia", Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Dudek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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42
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Koshy J, Sangeetha D. Recent progress and treatment strategy of pectin polysaccharide based tissue engineering scaffolds in cancer therapy, wound healing and cartilage regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128594. [PMID: 38056744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural polymers and its mixtures in the form of films, sponges and hydrogels are playing a major role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Hydrogels have been extensively investigated as standalone materials for drug delivery purposes as they enable effective encapsulation and sustained release of drugs. Biopolymers are widely utilised in the fabrication of hydrogels due to their safety, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and regulated breakdown by human enzymes. Among all the biopolymers, polysaccharide-based polymer is well suited to overcome the limitations of traditional wound dressing materials. Pectin is a polysaccharide which can be extracted from different plant sources and is used in various pharmaceutical and biomedical applications including cartilage regeneration. Pectin itself cannot be employed as scaffolds for tissue engineering since it decomposes quickly. This article discusses recent research and developments on pectin polysaccharide, including its types, origins, applications, and potential demands for use in AI-mediated scaffolds. It also covers the materials-design process, strategy for implementation to material selection and fabrication methods for evaluation. Finally, we discuss unmet requirements and current obstacles in the development of optimal materials for wound healing and bone-tissue regeneration, as well as emerging strategies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijo Koshy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Sangeetha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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43
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Dias IP, Barbieri SF, da Costa Amaral S, Silveira JLM. Development and characterization of films from Campomanesia xanthocarpa and commercial citrus pectins with different degrees of methyl-esterification. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128554. [PMID: 38056731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pectins from commercial citrus and isolated from gabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa) fruits, were obtained with different degrees of methyl-esterification (DM) and applied in the films. The DM ranged from 0 % to 62.5 % and the gradual de-esterification process was confirmed by mono-dimensional analysis (1H NMR). In order to investigate the influence of DM values in pectin film properties, PCP (DM: 62.5 %); PCP-5 (DM: 37.4 %); PCP-15 (DM: 19.1 %), and a fully de-esterified sample PCP-35 (DM: 0 %) were selected. The functional properties of the films clearly showed that the DM and cross-linking process are necessary to obtain a material with water resistance. Furthermore, pectin isolated from the fruits of gabiroba was purified (GW-Na, DM: 51.9 %) and partially de-esterified (GW-Na-5, DM: 37.1 %). These pectins were used, for the first time, in development of films and the physical and mechanical properties were compared with films made with PCP and PCP-5 samples. GW-Na and GW-Na-5 films presented suitable properties, with reduced solubility reduced (57.1 and 26.2 %), high degree of swelling (2.14 and 2.26), low flexibility (18.05 and 6.11 MPa), respectively. High strength and rigidity (99.36 and 1040.9 MPa), for both films (GW-Na and GW-Na-5) were demonstrated, similar to that obtained by analyzed citrus pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Pereira Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Shayla Fernanda Barbieri
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Sarah da Costa Amaral
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Joana Léa Meira Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil.
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44
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Kovacevic B, Ionescu CM, Jones M, Wagle SR, Foster T, Lewkowicz M, Wong EY, Ðanić M, Mikov M, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Novel polysaccharides-bile acid-cyclodextrin gel systems and effects on cellular viability and bioenergetic parameters. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:119-134. [PMID: 38180012 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: The novel hydrogel systems made from sodium alginate, pectin, beta-cyclodextrin and deoxycholic acid (DCA) were proposed as potential drug-delivery matrices. Materials & methods: To ensure biocompatibility, rheological parameters were examined and hydrogels' effects on bioenergetic parameters and cellular viability on murine hepatic, and muscle and pancreatic beta cells. Results & conclusion: All hydrogels show non-Newtonian, shear thinning behavior. Cells displayed various oxygen-dependent viability patterns, with the bile acid overall adversely affecting their biological activities. All cells performed best under normoxia, with pancreatic beta cells displaying the most profound oxygen-dependent viability behavior. The cells tolerated the addition of a moderate concentration of beta-cyclodextrin to the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Melissa Jones
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Susbin Raj Wagle
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Michael Lewkowicz
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Elaine Ym Wong
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Maja Ðanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21101, Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21101, Serbia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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45
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Mohamadzadeh M, Fazeli A, Shojaosadati SA. Polysaccharides and proteins-based bionanocomposites for microencapsulation of probiotics to improve stability and viability in the gastrointestinal tract: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129287. [PMID: 38211924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics have recently received significant attention due to their various benefits, such as the modulation of gut flora, reduction of blood sugar and insulin resistance, prevention and treatment of digestive disorders, and strengthening of the immune system. One of the major issues concerning probiotics is the maintenance of their viability in the presence of digestive conditions and extended shelf life during storage. To address this concern, numerous techniques have been explored to achieve success. Among these methods, the microencapsulation of probiotics has been proposed as the most effective way to overcome this challenge. The combination of nanomaterials with biopolymer coating is considered a novel approach to improve its viability and effective delivery. The use of polysaccharides and proteins-based bionanocomposites for microencapsulation of probiotics has emerged as an efficient and promising approach for maintaining cell viability and targeted delivery. This review article aims to investigate the use of different bionanocomposites in microencapsulation of probiotics and their effect on cell survival in long-term storage and harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Fazeli
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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46
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Ding W, Shao X, Ding S, Du Y, Hong W, Yang Q, Song Y, Yang G. Natural herb wormwood-based microneedle array for wound healing. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01520-1. [PMID: 38296909 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Artemisia argyi, commonly known as wormwood, is a traditional Chinese herbal food and medicine celebrated for its notable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. This study explores a novel delivery method for wormwood, aiming for more convenient and versatile applications. Specifically, we present the first investigation into combining wormwood with microstructures to create a microneedle (MN) patch for wound healing. The wormwood microneedle (WMN) patch is formulated with milled wormwood sap, calcium carbonate, and sodium hyaluronate. The addition of 0.3% (w/v) sodium hyaluronate enhances the mechanical strength of the WMN patch. Pectin, derived from wormwood, is combined with calcium carbonate to create a gelatinous and solidified substance. The WMN patch exhibits a well-defined shape and sufficient mechanical strength to penetrate the epidermis, as confirmed by our results. In vitro experiments demonstrate the biocompatibility of the WMN patch with fibroblasts and highlight its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, the patch facilitates collagen deposition at the wound site. In an excisional rat model, the WMN patch significantly accelerates the wound closure rate compared to the control group. Our findings suggest that the WMN patch has the potential to serve as a natural treatment for wound healing. Additionally, this approach can be extended to other biologically active substances with similar physiochemical characteristics in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, #18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xingyu Shao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, #18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Sheng Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, #18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yinzhou Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, #18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Weiyong Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Qingliang Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, #18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Particle Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ying Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, #18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Gensheng Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, #18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Particle Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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47
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Akshaya S, Nathanael AJ. A Review on Hydrophobically Associated Alginates: Approaches and Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:4246-4262. [PMID: 38313527 PMCID: PMC10831841 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Alginates are linear anionic polysaccharides, which are well-known for their biocompatible, nontoxic, and biodegradable nature. The polymer consists of alternating units of β-(1 → 4)-linked D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-(1 → 4)-linked L-guluronic acid (G) that have hydroxyl and carboxyl groups as the main functional groups. As a large number of free carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are present in the polymeric chain, the polymer is predominantly hydrophilic. The food and pharmaceutical industries have been the most extensive utilizers of alginates to produce gelling and thickening agents. However, by imparting hydrophobicity to alginates, the range of applications can be widened. Although there are reviews on alginate and its chemical modifications, reviews focusing on hydrophobically associated alginates have not been presented. The commonly used chemical modifications to incorporate hydrophobicity include esterification, Ugi reaction, reductive amination, and graft copolymerization. The hydrophobically modified alginates play an important role in delivery of hydrophobic drugs and pesticides as the modification increases the affinity toward hydrophobic components and helps in their sustained release. Due to their nontoxic and edible nature, they find use in the food industry as emulsion stabilizer to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions and to improve creaming ability. Further, alginate-based materials such as membranes, aerogels, and films are hydrophobically modified to improve their functionality and applicability to water treatment and food packaging. This Review aims to highlight the important chemical modifications and methods that are done to impart hydrophobicity to alginate, and the applications of hydrophobically modified alginates in different sectors ranging from drug delivery to food packaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenbagaraman Akshaya
- Centre
for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- School
of Advanced Sciences (SAS), Vellore Institute
of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arputharaj Joseph Nathanael
- Centre
for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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48
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Stavarache C, Gȃrea SA, Serafim A, Olăreț E, Vlăsceanu GM, Marin MM, Iovu H. Three-Dimensional-Printed Sodium Alginate and k-Carrageenan-Based Scaffolds with Potential Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:305. [PMID: 38337194 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This work reports the development of a marine-derived polysaccharide formulation based on k-Carrageenan and sodium alginate in order to produce a novel scaffold for engineering applications. The viscoelastic properties of the bicomponent inks were assessed via rheological tests prior to 3D printing. Compositions with different weight ratios between the two polymers, without any crosslinker, were subjected to 3D printing for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and the fabrication parameters were optimized to ensure a controlled architecture. Crosslinking of the 3D-printed scaffolds was performed in the presence of a chloride mixture (CaCl2:KCl = 1:1; v/v) of different concentrations. The efficiency of the crosslinking protocol was evaluated in terms of swelling behavior and mechanical properties. The swelling behavior indicated a decrease in the swelling degree when the concentration of the crosslinking agent was increased. These results are consistent with the nanoindentation measurements and the results of the macro-scale tests. Moreover, morphology analysis was also used to determine the pore size of the samples upon freeze-drying and the uniformity and micro-architectural characteristics of the scaffolds. Overall, the registered results indicated that the bicomponent ink, Alg/kCG = 1:1 may exhibit potential for tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Stavarache
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA București, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- "C.D. Neniţescu" Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, 202-B Splaiul Independentei, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Alexandra Gȃrea
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA București, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrada Serafim
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA București, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Olăreț
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA București, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Mihail Vlăsceanu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA București, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucuresti, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Minodora Marin
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA București, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Horia Iovu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA București, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
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49
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Viscusi G, Boccalon E, Lamberti E, Nocchetti M, Gorrasi G. Alginate Microbeads Containing Halloysite and Layered Double Hydroxide as Efficient Carriers of Natural Antimicrobials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:232. [PMID: 38276750 PMCID: PMC10820769 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The present paper describes the preparation and characterization of novel microbeads from alginate filled with nanoclay such as halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). HNTs were used as support for the growth of layered double hydroxide (LDH) crystals producing a flower-like structure (HNT@LDH). Such nanofiller was loaded with grapefruit seed oil (GO), an active compound with antimicrobial activity, up to 50% wt. For comparison, the beads were also loaded with HNT and LDH separately, and filled with the same amount of GO. The characterization of the filler was performed using XRD and ATR spectroscopy. The beads were analyzed through XRD, TGA, ATR and SEM. The functional properties of the beads, as nanocarriers of the active compound, were investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy. The release kinetics were recorded and modelled as a function of the structural characteristics of the nanofiller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Viscusi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Elisa Boccalon
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via dell’ Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Elena Lamberti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Morena Nocchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Gorrasi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.V.); (E.L.)
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50
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Li J, Xue C, Shen J, Liu G, Mei X, Sun M, Chang Y. Action Pattern of a Novel G-Specific Alginate Lyase: Determination of Subsite Specificity by HPAEC-PAD/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1170-1177. [PMID: 38111122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
G-specific alginate lyases are important tools for alginate fragment biodegradation and oligosaccharide production, which have great potential in alginate refining research. In this research, a novel G-specific alginate lyase Aly7Ce was cloned, expressed, and characterized, with the optimal reaction conditions at 30 °C and pH 8.0. By employing the UPSEC-VWD-MS method, Aly7Ce was confirmed as a random endoacting alginate lyase. Its minimum substrate was tetrasaccharide, and the final product majorly consisted of disaccharide to tetrasaccharide. HPAEC-PAD/MS method was employed to investigate the structurally different unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides. The substrate recognition and subsite specificity of Aly7Ce were revealed by detecting the oligosaccharide pattern in the enzymatic products with oligosaccharides or polysaccharides as substrates. Aly7Ce mainly attacked the second glycosidic linkage from the nonreducing end of oligosaccharide substrates. The subsite specificity of Aly7Ce was revealed as -2 (M/G), - 1 (G), + 1 (M/G), and +2 (M/G). The regular oligosaccharide products of Aly7Ce could be applied for the efficient preparation of ΔG, ΔGG, and ΔGGG with high purity. The G-specific alginate lyase Aly7Ce with a well-defined product composition and action pattern provided a novel tool for the modification and structural elucidation of alginate, as well as for the targeted preparation of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Guanchen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Xuanwei Mei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Menghui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
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