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Graczyk P, Dach A, Dyrka K, Pawlik A. Pathophysiology and Advances in the Therapy of Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5027. [PMID: 38732253 PMCID: PMC11084712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known as the first non-communicable global epidemic. It is estimated that 537 million people have DM, but the condition has been properly diagnosed in less than half of these patients. Despite numerous preventive measures, the number of DM cases is steadily increasing. The state of chronic hyperglycaemia in the body leads to numerous complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). A number of pathophysiological mechanisms are behind the development and progression of cardiomyopathy, including increased oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, increased synthesis of advanced glycation products and overexpression of the biosynthetic pathway of certain compounds, such as hexosamine. There is extensive research on the treatment of DCM, and there are a number of therapies that can stop the development of this complication. Among the compounds used to treat DCM are antiglycaemic drugs, hypoglycaemic drugs and drugs used to treat myocardial failure. An important element in combating DCM that should be kept in mind is a healthy lifestyle-a well-balanced diet and physical activity. There is also a group of compounds-including coenzyme Q10, antioxidants and modulators of signalling pathways and inflammatory processes, among others-that are being researched continuously, and their introduction into routine therapies is likely to result in greater control and more effective treatment of DM in the future. This paper summarises the latest recommendations for lifestyle and pharmacological treatment of cardiomyopathy in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Graczyk
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.G.); (A.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Dach
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.G.); (A.D.)
| | - Kamil Dyrka
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.G.); (A.D.)
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2
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Kumar M, Deshmukh P, Kumar M, Bhatt A, Sinha AH, Chawla P. Vitamin E Supplementation and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e48142. [PMID: 38046702 PMCID: PMC10692867 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This article conducts a thorough investigation into the potential role of vitamin E in preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the context of shifting mortality patterns from infectious diseases to the continued prominence of CVDs in modern medicine. The primary focus is on vitamin E's antioxidant properties and its specific ability to counter lipid peroxidation, a pivotal process in the early stages of atherosclerosis, a precursor to CVDs. The research spans a wide range of methodologies, including in vitro, in vivo, clinical, and experimental studies, examining how vitamin E affects critical aspects of cardiovascular health, such as signaling pathways, gene expression, inflammation, and cholesterol metabolism. It also explores vitamin E's influence on complex processes like smooth muscle cell development, oxidative stress reduction, foam cell formation, and the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. In the context of clinical studies, the article presents findings that both support and yield inconclusive results regarding the impact of vitamin E supplementation on CVDs. It acknowledges the intricate interplay of factors such as patient selection, pathophysiological conditions, and genetic variations, all of which can significantly influence the efficacy of vitamin E. The article underscores the need for ongoing research, with a specific focus on understanding the regulatory metabolites of vitamin E and their roles in modulating cellular processes relevant to CVDs. It highlights the potential for innovative therapeutic approaches based on a deeper comprehension of vitamin E's multifaceted effects. However, it also candidly addresses the challenges of translating clinical trial findings into practical applications and emphasizes the importance of considering diverse variables to optimize therapeutic outcomes. In summary, this meticulously conducted study provides a comprehensive examination of vitamin E's potential as a preventive agent against CVDs, recognizing the complexity of the subject and the need for continued research to unlock its full potential in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kumar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Prasad Deshmukh
- Otolaryngology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayank Kumar
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Asmi Bhatt
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Arya Harshyt Sinha
- Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Parth Chawla
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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3
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Vishwakarma VK, Shah S, Kaur T, Singh AP, Arava SK, Kumar N, Yadav RK, Yadav S, Arora T, Yadav HN. Effect of vinpocetine alone and in combination with enalapril in experimental model of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats: possible involvement of PDE-1/TGF-β/ Smad 2/3 signalling pathways. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:1198-1211. [PMID: 37229596 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is one of the severe secondary complications of diabetes mellitus in humans. Vinpocetine is an alkaloid having pleiotropic pharmacological effects. The present study is designed to investigate the effect of vinpocetine in DC in rats. METHODS Rats were fed a high-fat diet for nine weeks along with single dose of streptozotocin after the second week to induce DC. The haemodynamic evaluation was performed to assess the functional status of rats using the Biopac system. Cardiac echocardiography, biochemical, oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokine level were analysed in addition to haematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichome staining to study histological changes, cardiomyocyte diameter and fibrosis, respectively. Phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE-1), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and p-Smad 2/3 expression in cardiac tissues were quantified using western blot/RT-PCR. KEY FINDING Vinpocetine treatment and its combination with enalapril decreased the glucose levels compared to diabetic rats. Vinpocetine improved the echocardiographic parameters and cardiac functional status of rats. Vinpocetine decreased the cardiac biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine levels, cardiomyocyte diameter and fibrosis in rats. Interestingly, expressions of PDE-1, TGF-β and p-Smad 2/3 were ameliorated by vinpocetine alone and in combination with enalapril. CONCLUSIONS Vinpocetine is a well-known inhibitor of PDE-1 and the protective effect of vinpocetine in DC is exerted by inhibition of PDE-1 and subsequent inhibition of the expression of TGF-β/Smad 2/3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadia Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tajpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, India
| | - Amrit Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- Department of Neuroanesthesiogy and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kanwar Yadav
- Department Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Yadav
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SHKM Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana, India
| | - Taruna Arora
- RBMCH, ICMR-Head Quarter's Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Emerging Therapy for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030662. [PMID: 36979641 PMCID: PMC10045486 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by abnormal myocardial structure or performance in the absence of coronary artery disease or significant valvular heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. The spectrum of diabetic cardiomyopathy ranges from subtle myocardial changes to myocardial fibrosis and diastolic function and finally to symptomatic heart failure. Except for sodium–glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors and possibly bariatric and metabolic surgery, there is currently no specific treatment for this distinct disease entity in patients with diabetes. The molecular mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy includes impaired nutrient-sensing signaling, dysregulated autophagy, impaired mitochondrial energetics, altered fuel utilization, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, advanced glycation end-products, inflammation, impaired calcium homeostasis, abnormal endothelial function and nitric oxide production, aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and sympathetic hyperactivity, and extracellular matrix accumulation and fibrosis. Here, we summarize several important emerging treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy targeting specific molecular mechanisms, with evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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5
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Zhao Y, Pan B, Lv X, Chen C, Li K, Wang Y, Liu J. Ferroptosis: roles and molecular mechanisms in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1140644. [PMID: 37152931 PMCID: PMC10157477 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1140644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, which leads to the aggravation of myocardial fibrosis, disorders involving systolic and diastolic functions, and increased mortality of patients with diabetes through mechanisms such as glycolipid toxicity, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent regulatory cell death that is attributed to the accumulation of lipid peroxides and an imbalance in redox regulation. Increased production of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) during ferroptosis promotes oxidative stress and damages myocardial cells, leading to myocardial systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Overproduction of ROS is an important bridge between ferroptosis and DCM, and ferroptosis inhibitors may provide new targets for the treatment of patients with DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangting Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Binjing Pan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chongyang Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kai Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingfang Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Jingfang Liu,
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6
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Role of Nutrients and Foods in Attenuation of Cardiac Remodeling through Oxidative Stress Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102064. [PMID: 36290787 PMCID: PMC9598077 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is defined as a group of molecular, cellular, and interstitial changes that manifest clinically as changes in the heart’s size, mass, geometry, and function after different injuries. Importantly, remodeling is associated with increased risk of ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. Therefore, strategies to attenuate this process are critical. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress play critical roles in remodeling. Importantly, antioxidative dietary compounds potentially have protective properties against remodeling. Therefore, this review evaluates the role of nutrients and food as modulators of cardiac remodeling.
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7
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da Purificação NRC, Garcia VB, Frez FCV, Sehaber CC, Lima KRDA, de Oliveira Lima MF, de Carvalho Vasconcelos R, de Araujo AA, de Araújo Júnior RF, Lacchini S, de Oliveira F, Perles JVCM, Zanoni JN, de Sousa Lopes MLD, Clebis NK. Combined use of systemic quercetin, glutamine and alpha-tocopherol attenuates myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113131. [PMID: 35643067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of the quercetin (100 mg/kg), 1% glutamine and 1% α-tocopherol antioxidants in the myocardium of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Twenty male rats were subdivided into four groups (n = 5): N (normoglycemic); D (diabetic); NT (normoglycemic treated with antioxidants); and DT (diabetic treated with antioxidants) treated for 60 days. Clinical parameters, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, myocardial collagen fibers and immunoexpression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1-β), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) were evaluated. Results showed reduced body weight, hyperphagia, polydipsia and hyperglycemic state in groups D and DT. The levels of glutathione (GSH) were higher in NT and DT compared to N (p < 0.01) and D (p < 0.001) groups, respectively. Greater GSH levels were found in DT when compared to N animals (p < 0.001). In DT, there was an increase in IL-10 in relation to N, D and NT (p < 0.05), while GPx-1 expression was similar to N and lower compared to D (p < 0.001). TGF-β expression in DT was greater than N (p < 0.001) group, whereas FGF-2 in DT was higher than in the other groups (p < 0.001). A significant reduction in collagen fibers (type I) was found in DT compared to D (p < 0.05). The associated administration of quercetin, glutamine and α-tocopherol increased the levels of circulating interleukin-10 (IL-10) and GSH, and reduced the number of type I collagen fibers. Combined use of systemic quercetin, glutamine and alpha-tocopherol attenuates myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kaio Ramon De Aguiar Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Functional & Structural Biology, Departament of Morphology, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aurigena Antunes de Araujo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Biophysical, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Functional & Structural Biology, Departament of Morphology, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lacchini
- Postgraduate Program in Morphology Science, Departamento of Anatomy, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Oliveira
- Departament of Biocience, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Naianne Kelly Clebis
- Postgraduate Program in Functional & Structural Biology, Departament of Morphology, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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8
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Byrne NJ, Rajasekaran NS, Abel ED, Bugger H. Therapeutic potential of targeting oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:317-342. [PMID: 33910093 PMCID: PMC8285002 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) may increase the risk for heart failure development. This risk evolves from functional and structural alterations induced by diabetes in the heart, a cardiac entity termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM). Oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been increasingly proposed to contribute to the development of DbCM. There are several sources of ROS production including the mitochondria, NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. Overproduction of ROS in DbCM is thought to be counterbalanced by elevated antioxidant defense enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. Excess ROS in the cardiomyocyte results in further ROS production, mitochondrial DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, post-translational modifications of proteins and ultimately cell death and cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, ROS modulates transcription factors responsible for expression of antioxidant enzymes. Lastly, evidence exists that several pharmacological agents may convey cardiovascular benefit by antioxidant mechanisms. As such, increasing our understanding of the pathways that lead to increased ROS production and impaired antioxidant defense may enable the development of therapeutic strategies against the progression of DbCM. Herein, we review the current knowledge about causes and consequences of ROS in DbCM, as well as the therapeutic potential and strategies of targeting oxidative stress in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikole J Byrne
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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9
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Liu Y, Wang M, Liang Y, Wang C, Naruse K, Takahashi K. Treatment of Oxidative Stress with Exosomes in Myocardial Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041729. [PMID: 33572188 PMCID: PMC7915208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A thrombus in a coronary artery causes ischemia, which eventually leads to myocardial infarction (MI) if not removed. However, removal generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury that damages the tissue and exacerbates the resulting MI. The mechanism of I/R injury is currently extensively understood. However, supplementation of exogenous antioxidants is ineffective against oxidative stress (OS). Enhancing the ability of endogenous antioxidants may be a more effective way to treat OS, and exosomes may play a role as targeted carriers. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles wrapped in biofilms which contain various complex RNAs and proteins. They are important intermediate carriers of intercellular communication and material exchange. In recent years, diagnosis and treatment with exosomes in cardiovascular diseases have gained considerable attention. Herein, we review the new findings of exosomes in the regulation of OS in coronary heart disease, discuss the possibility of exosomes as carriers for the targeted regulation of endogenous ROS generation, and compare the advantages of exosome therapy with those of stem-cell therapy. Finally, we explore several miRNAs found in exosomes against OS.
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10
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Ammar LA, Nahlawi MI, Shayya NW, Ghadieh HE, Azar NS, Harb F, Eid AA. Immunomodulatory Approaches in Diabetes-Induced Cardiorenal Syndromes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:630917. [PMID: 33585587 PMCID: PMC7876252 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.630917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory approaches are defined as all interventions that modulate and curb the immune response of the host rather than targeting the disease itself with the aim of disease prevention or treatment. A better understanding of the immune system continues to offer innovative drug targets and methods for immunomodulatory interventions. Cardiorenal syndrome is a clinical condition that defines disorders of the heart and kidneys, both of which communicate with one another through multiple pathways in an interdependent relationship. Cardiorenal syndrome denotes the confluence of heart-kidney relationships across numerous interfaces. As such, a dysfunctional heart or kidney has the capacity to initiate disease in the other organ via common hemodynamic, neurohormonal, immunological, and/or biochemical feedback pathways. Understanding how immunomodulatory approaches are implemented in diabetes-induced cardiovascular and renal diseases is important for a promising regenerative medicine, which is the process of replacing cells, tissues or organs to establish normal function. In this article, after a brief introduction on the immunomodulatory approaches in diseases, we will be reviewing the epidemiology and classifications of cardiorenal syndrome. We will be emphasizing on the hemodynamic factors and non-hemodynamic factors linking the heart and the kidneys. In addition, we will be elaborating on the immunomodulatory pathways involved in diabetes-induced cardiorenal syndrome namely, RAS, JAK/STAT, and oxidative stress. Moreover, we will be addressing possible therapeutic approaches that target the former pathways in an attempt to modulate the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama A Ammar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad I Nahlawi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nizar W Shayya
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hilda E Ghadieh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadim S Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frédéric Harb
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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11
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Role of oxidative stress-related biomarkers in heart failure: galectin 3, α1-antitrypsin and LOX-1: new therapeutic perspective? Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:143-152. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Flori L, Donnini S, Calderone V, Zinnai A, Taglieri I, Venturi F, Testai L. The Nutraceutical Value of Olive Oil and Its Bioactive Constituents on the Cardiovascular System. Focusing on Main Strategies to Slow Down Its Quality Decay during Production and Storage. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1962. [PMID: 31438562 PMCID: PMC6770508 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the principal cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is well-known that oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are strongly implicated in their pathogenesis; therefore, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agents can represent effective tools. In recent years a large number of scientific reports have pointed out the nutraceutical and nutritional value of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO), strongholds of the Mediterranean diet, endowed with a high nutritional quality and defined as functional foods. In regard to EVOO, it is a food composed of a major saponifiable fraction, represented by oleic acid, and a minor unsaponifiable fraction, including a high number of vitamins, polyphenols, and squalene. Several reports suggest that the beneficial effects of EVOO are linked to the minor components, but recently, further studies have shed light on the health effects of the fatty fraction and the other constituents of the unsaponifiable fraction. In the first part of this review, an analysis of the clinical and preclinical evidence of the cardiovascular beneficial effects of each constituent is carried out. The second part of this review is dedicated to the main operating conditions during production and/or storage that can directly influence the shelf life of olive oil in terms of both nutraceutical properties and sensory quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Interdepartmental Research Centre, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Taglieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Venturi
- Interdepartmental Research Centre, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Centre, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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13
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Sozen E, Demirel T, Ozer NK. Vitamin E: Regulatory role in the cardiovascular system. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:507-515. [PMID: 30779288 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, all around the world. Vitamin E is an important nutrient influencing key cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as gene expression regulation centrally involved in the prevention of CVD. Cell culture and animal studies have focused on the identification of vitamin E regulated signaling pathways and involvement on inflammation, lipid homeostasis, and atherosclerotic plaque stability. While some of these vitamin E functions were verified in clinical trials, some of the positive effects were not translated into beneficial outcomes in epidemiological studies. In recent years, the physiological metabolites of vitamin E, including the liver derived (long- and short-chain) metabolites and phosphorylated (α-, γ-tocopheryl phosphate) forms, have also provided novel mechanistic insight into CVD regulation that expands beyond the vitamin E precursor. It is certain that this emerging insight into the molecular and cellular action of vitamin E will help to design further studies, either in animal models or clinical trials, on the reduction of risk for CVDs. This review focuses on vitamin E-mediated preventive cardiovascular effects and discusses novel insights into the biology and mechanism of action of vitamin E metabolites in CVD. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(4):507-515, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Demirel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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van der Pol A, van Gilst WH, Voors AA, van der Meer P. Treating oxidative stress in heart failure: past, present and future. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 21:425-435. [PMID: 30338885 PMCID: PMC6607515 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cardiovascular research have identified oxidative stress as an important pathophysiological pathway in the development and progression of heart failure. Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the endogenous antioxidant defence system. Under physiological conditions, small quantities of ROS are produced intracellularly, which function in cell signalling, and can be readily reduced by the antioxidant defence system. However, under pathophysiological conditions, the production of ROS exceeds the buffering capacity of the antioxidant defence system, resulting in cell damage and death. Over the last decades several studies have tried to target oxidative stress with the aim to improve outcome in patients with heart failure, with very limited success. The reasons as to why these studies failed to demonstrate any beneficial effects remain unclear. However, one plausible explanation might be that currently employed strategies, which target oxidative stress by exogenous inhibition of ROS production or supplementation of exogenous antioxidants, are not effective enough, while bolstering the endogenous antioxidant capacity might be a far more potent avenue for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we provide an overview of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of heart failure and the strategies utilized to date to target this pathway. We provide novel insights into modulation of endogenous antioxidants, which may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to improve outcome in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atze van der Pol
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Perioperative Inflammation and Infection Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Wiek H van Gilst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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M Abd-El Aziz F, Abdelghaffar S, M Hussien E, M Fattouh A. Evaluation of Cardiac Functions in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2017; 25:12-19. [PMID: 28400931 PMCID: PMC5385312 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2017.25.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) represents one of the serious complications. To evaluate the cardiac function in children with T1D by conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Methods The study included 40 T1D patients (age between 6 and 16 years) with > 5 years duration of diabetes and 42 healthy control children. The patients were subjected to clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations [glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum lipids and lipoproteins]. Conventional echocardiography and TDI were performed to patients and controls. Results The patients had lower early diastolic filling velocity (E wave) of the tricuspid valve and mitral valves with a p value of (0.000 and 0.006, respectively). TDI revealed that patients had lower S′velocity of the T1D, shorter isovolumic contraction time, longer isovolumic relaxation time and lower E/E′ of the right ventricle than controls (p value 0.002, 0.001, 0.004, 0.003, and 0.016, respectively). The left ventricle (LV)-T1D of the patients was significantly higher (p value 0.02). Twenty eight patients had poor glycemic control without significant differences between them and those with good glycemic control regarding echocardiographic data. Patients with dyslipidemia (13 patients) had higher late diastolic filling velocity of the mitral valve (A) and the lower LV late tissue velocity (A′) (p wave 0.047 and 0.015). No correlation existed between the duration of illness or the level of HbA1c and the echocardiographic parameters. Conclusion Diabetic children have evidence of echocardiographic diastolic dysfunctions. Periodic cardiac evaluation with both conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography is recommended for early detection of this dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten M Abd-El Aziz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Eman M Hussien
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya M Fattouh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Since the metabolic syndrome (MS) and pathologies associated with/resulting from metabolic dysregulations became a worldwide spreading and growing problem, the mechanisms mediating the according cellular changes got into a focus of interest. The ubiquitin-proteasomal system (UPS) is the main regulator of both the functional and dysfunctional protein pool of (not only) mammalian cells-thus, it is obvious that an impact on this system may also affect cellular functionality that directly depends on permanent regulation/adaption of the cell's proteostasis. However, the according research is still at the beginning. Recent Advances: It was also recently shown that maintaining a highly functional UPS positively correlates with increased health or even life span, thus modulation or restoration of UPS function may be an effective approach alleviating or even preventing MS detrimental consequences. CRITICAL ISSUES Even if many consequences of metabolic dysregulation such as a slight but chronic redox shift to a more oxidative state (i.e., a low-grade systemic inflammation that increases reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, formation of advanced glycation end products, glycosylation, S-glutathionylation, redox shifts, endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response, expression of transcription factors, and release of cytokines) are already known to affect the highly redox-regulated UPS, experimental data about UPS changes that are directly mediated by glucotoxic and/or lipotoxic stress are still rarely published. FUTURE DIRECTIONS It may be taken into account that many MS-related pathologic changes result from UPS dysfunction or dysregulation. In this review, the main interface between MS effects and their impact on the UPS are highlighted since they may direct to new therapeutic approaches. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 902-917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Höhn
- 1 Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) , Nuthetal, Germany .,2 German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeannette König
- 1 Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) , Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tobias Jung
- 1 Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) , Nuthetal, Germany
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Abdel-Hamid AAM, Firgany AEDL. Atorvastatin alleviates experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy by suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress. J Mol Histol 2015; 46:337-45. [PMID: 26041576 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic hazard on the myocardium is a complication of diabetes that intensifies its morbidity and increases its mortality. Therefore, alleviation of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by a reliable drug remains a matter of interest in experimental research. The aim of this study was to explore the structural alterations in the myocardium induced by atorvastatin (ATOR) in DCM, induced by streptozotocin (STZ), along with the associated changes occurring in apoptosis and oxidative stress markers. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups; group A (control), group B (non-diabetic, received ATOR, orally, 50 mg/kg daily), group C (DCM, received STZ 70 mg/kg, single i.p. injection) and group D (DCM + ATOR). After 6 weeks, left ventricle (LV) specimens were prepared for histological and immunohistochemical study by hematoxlyin and eosin, Masson`s trichrome, anti-cleaved caspase-3 stains as well as for assays of oxidative stress markers. All data were measured morphometrically and statistically analyzed. The DCM group showed disorganization of the cardiomyocytes, interstitial edema, numerous fibroblasts, significant increases in the collagen volume fraction (p < 0.001), cleaved caspase-3 expression % area (p < 0.001) and, malondialdehyde in blood (p < 0.001), in LV (p < 0.05) compared with DCM + ATOR group. The latter has LV wall thickness, relative heart weight and antioxidant activities nearly similar to the control, independent from ATOR lipid-lowering effect. Therefore, ATOR can preserve myocardial structure in DCM nearly similar to normal. This may be achieved by suppressing apoptosis that parallels the correction of the antioxidant markers, which can be considered as non-lipid lowering benefit of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A M Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, P.O. 35516, Mansoura, Egypt,
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Oyenihi AB, Ayeleso AO, Mukwevho E, Masola B. Antioxidant strategies in the management of diabetic neuropathy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:515042. [PMID: 25821809 PMCID: PMC4363503 DOI: 10.1155/2015/515042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycaemia (an abnormally high glucose concentration in the blood) resulting from defects in insulin secretion/action, or both, is the major hallmark of diabetes in which it is known to be involved in the progression of the condition to different complications that include diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy (diabetes-induced nerve damage) is the most common diabetic complication and can be devastating because it can lead to disability. There is an increasing body of evidence associating diabetic neuropathy with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress results from the production of oxygen free radicals in the body in excess of its ability to eliminate them by antioxidant activity. Antioxidants have different mechanisms and sites of actions by which they exert their biochemical effects and ameliorate nerve dysfunction in diabetes by acting directly against oxidative damage. This review will examine different strategies for managing diabetic neuropathy which rely on exogenous antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Babatunde Oyenihi
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, University Road, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ademola Olabode Ayeleso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2002, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Mukwevho
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2002, South Africa
| | - Bubuya Masola
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, University Road, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Call JA, Chain KH, Martin KS, Lira VA, Okutsu M, Zhang M, Yan Z. Enhanced skeletal muscle expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase mitigates streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing oxidative stress and aberrant cell signaling. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:188-97. [PMID: 25504759 PMCID: PMC4445759 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training enhances extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) expression in skeletal muscle and elicits positive health outcomes in individuals with diabetes mellitus. The goal of this study was to determine if enhanced skeletal muscle expression of EcSOD is sufficient to mitigate streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Exercise training promotes EcSOD expression in skeletal muscle and provides protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, it is not known if enhanced expression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle plays a functional role in this protection. Here, we show that skeletal muscle-specific EcSOD transgenic mice are protected from cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction under the condition of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin injection. We also show that both exercise training and muscle-specific transgenic expression of EcSOD result in elevated EcSOD protein in the blood and heart without increased transcription in the heart, suggesting that enhanced expression of EcSOD from skeletal muscle redistributes to the heart. Importantly, cardiac tissue in transgenic mice displayed significantly reduced oxidative stress, aberrant cell signaling, and inflammatory cytokine expression compared with wild-type mice under the same diabetic condition. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced expression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle is sufficient to mitigate streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy through attenuation of oxidative stress, aberrant cell signaling, and inflammation, suggesting a cross-organ mechanism by which exercise training improves cardiac function in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Call
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Kristopher H Chain
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Kyle S Martin
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Vitor A Lira
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Mei Zhang
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Zhen Yan
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
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Hagiwara S, Jha JC, Cooper ME. Identifying and interpreting novel targets that address more than one diabetic complication: a strategy for optimal end organ protection in diabetes. Diabetol Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-013-0148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Dennis KE, Hill S, Rose KL, Sampson UKA, Hill MF. Augmented cardiac formation of oxidatively-induced carbonylated proteins accompanies the increased functional severity of post-myocardial infarction heart failure in the setting of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Pathol 2013; 22:473-80. [PMID: 23566587 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Heart failure (HF) is a dominant cause for the higher mortality of diabetics after myocardial infarction (MI). In the present investigation, we have discovered that higher levels of oxidative stress (OS)-induced carbonylated proteins accompany worsening post-MI HF in the presence of type 1 diabetes. These findings provide a mechanistic link between amplified OS and exacerbation of post-infarction HF in diabetes. BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients surviving myocardial infarction (MI) manifest an increased incidence of subsequent heart failure (HF). We have previously shown that after MI, type 1 DM is associated with accentuated myocardial oxidative stress (OS) and concomitant worsening of left ventricular (LV) function. However, the precise mechanisms whereby type 1 DM-enhanced OS adversely affects HF after MI remain obscure. As carbonylation of proteins is an irreversible post-translational modification induced only by OS that often leads to the loss of function, we analyzed protein-bound carbonyls in the surviving LV myocardium of MI and DM+MI rats in relation to residual LV function. METHODS Type 1 DM was induced in rats via administration of streptozotocin. Two weeks after induction of type 1 DM, MI was produced in DM and non-DM rats by coronary artery ligation. Residual LV function and remodeling was assessed at 4 weeks post-MI by echocardiography. Myocardial carbonylated proteins were detected through OxyBlot analysis, and identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Compared with MI rats, DM+MI rats exhibited significantly poorer residual LV systolic function and elevated wet to dry weight ratios of the lungs. Protein carbonyl content in cardiac tissue and isolated heart mitochondria of DM+MI rats was 20% and 48% higher, respectively, versus MI rats. Anti-oxidative enzymes and fatty acid utilization proteins were among the carbonylated protein candidates identified. CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate myocardial protein carbonylation as part of the molecular pathophysiology of aggravated HF in the type 1 diabetic post-infarction heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Dennis
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Odiete O, Konik EA, Sawyer DB, Hill MF. Type 1 diabetes mellitus abrogates compensatory augmentation of myocardial neuregulin-1β/ErbB in response to myocardial infarction resulting in worsening heart failure. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:52. [PMID: 23530877 PMCID: PMC3617023 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients surviving myocardial infarction (MI) exhibit a substantially higher incidence of subsequent heart failure (HF). Neuregulin (NRG)-1 and erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErbB) receptors have been shown to play a critical role in maintenance of cardiac function. However, whether myocardial NRG-1/ErbB is altered during post-MI HF associated with DM remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of type 1 DM on the myocardial NRG-1/ErbB system following MI in relation to residual left ventricular (LV) function. Methods Type 1 DM was induced in rats via administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.p.). Control rats were injected with citrate buffer (vehicle) only. Two weeks after induction of type 1 DM, MI was produced in DM and non-DM rats by ligation of the left coronary artery. Sham MI rats underwent the same surgical procedure with the exception that the left coronary artery was not ligated. At 4 weeks after surgery, residual in vivo LV function was assessed via echocardiography. Myocardial protein expression of NRG-1β, ErbB2 and ErbB4 receptors, and MDM2 (a downstream signaling pathway induced by NRG-1 that has been implicated in cell survival) was assessed in the remaining, viable LV myocardium by Western blotting. Changes in ErbB receptor localization in the surviving LV myocardium of diabetic and non-diabetic post-MI rats was determined using immunohistochemistry techniques. Results At 4 weeks post-MI, echocardiography revealed that LV fractional shortening (FS) and LV ejection fraction (EF) were significantly lower in the DM + MI group compared to the MI group (LVFS: 17.9 ± 0.7 vs. 25.2 ± 2.2; LVEF: 35.5 ± 1.4 vs. 47.5 ± 3.5, respectively; P < 0.05), indicating an increased functional severity of HF among the DM + MI rats. Up-regulation of NRG-1β and ErbB2 protein expression in the MI group was abrogated in the DM + MI group concurrent with degradation of MDM2, a downstream negative regulator of p53. ErbB2 and ErbB4 receptors re-localized to cardiac myocyte nuclei in failing type 1 diabetic post-MI hearts. Conclusions Type 1 DM prevents compensatory up-regulation of myocardial NRG-1/ErbB after MI coincident with an increased severity of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenerukevwe Odiete
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Subclinical diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients with and without carotid atherosclerosis: Relationship with glyco-oxidation, lipid-oxidation and antioxidant status. Int J Cardiol 2013; 163:201-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Matough FA, Budin SB, Hamid ZA, Alwahaibi N, Mohamed J. The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in diabetic complications. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2012; 12:5-18. [PMID: 22375253 PMCID: PMC3286717 DOI: 10.12816/0003082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is considered to be one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. There is a growing scientific and public interest in connecting oxidative stress with a variety of pathological conditions including diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as other human diseases. Previous experimental and clinical studies report that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis and development of complications of both types of DM. However, the exact mechanism by which oxidative stress could contribute to and accelerate the development of complications in diabetic mellitus is only partly known and remains to be clarified. On the one hand, hyperglycemia induces free radicals; on the other hand, it impairs the endogenous antioxidant defense system in patients with diabetes. Endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms include both enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways. Their functions in human cells are to counterbalance toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Common antioxidants include the vitamins A, C, and E, glutathione (GSH), and the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRx). This review describes the importance of endogenous antioxidant defense systems, their relationship to several pathophysiological processes and their possible therapeutic implications in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah A Matough
- Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti B Budin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zariyantey A Hamid
- Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nasar Alwahaibi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jamaludin Mohamed
- Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhou J, Zhou S, Zeng S. Experimental diabetes treated with trigonelline: effect on β cell and pancreatic oxidative parameters. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 27:279-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.01022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Over the past several decades, investigations in humans and animal models of heart failure (HF) have provided substantial evidence that oxidative stress is increased in HF and contributes to disease progression. The high metabolic activity of cardiac myocytes makes these cells active sources of reactive oxygen species. Work in cell and animal models clearly demonstrates that oxidative stress activates processes such as changes in gene expression and cell death that are now accepted components of myocardial remodeling and HF. Antioxidants prevent progressive remodeling and even improve cardiac function in animal models of HF. It is therefore disappointing that to date no antioxidant strategy has translated to a therapeutic in the HF clinic. Possible explanations, including inadequate appreciation of the critical disease-modifying sources of reactive oxygen species, the choice of the wrong antioxidant strategy, or incomplete understanding of individual variability in human antioxidant defenses in this brief review.
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Sugamura K, Keaney JF. Reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:978-92. [PMID: 21627987 PMCID: PMC3156326 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on the "free radical theory" of disease, researchers have been trying to elucidate the role of oxidative stress from free radicals in cardiovascular disease. Considerable data indicate that reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are important features of cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. However, blanket strategies with antioxidants to ameliorate cardiovascular disease have not generally yielded favorable results. However, our understanding of reactive oxygen species has evolved to the point at which we now realize these species have important roles in physiology as well as pathophysiology. Thus, it is overly simplistic to assume a general antioxidant strategy will yield specific effects on cardiovascular disease. Indeed, there are several sources of reactive oxygen species that are known to be active in the cardiovascular system. This review addresses our understanding of reactive oxygen species sources in cardiovascular disease and both animal and human data defining how reactive oxygen species contribute to physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sugamura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Massachusetts 01605
| | - John F. Keaney
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Massachusetts 01605
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Hill MF. Emerging role for antioxidant therapy in protection against diabetic cardiac complications: experimental and clinical evidence for utilization of classic and new antioxidants. Curr Cardiol Rev 2011; 4:259-68. [PMID: 20066133 PMCID: PMC2801857 DOI: 10.2174/157340308786349453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) markedly potentiates the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among individuals with diabetes as compared to the non-diabetic population. After myocardial infarction (MI), DM patients have a higher incidence of death than do non-diabetics. The excess mortality and poor prognosis of these patients results primarily from the development of recurrent MI and heart failure (HF). Although several lines of evidence support a role for increased oxidative stress in a range of cardiovascular diseases, clinical trials examining the therapeutic efficacy of antioxidants have yielded conflicting results. The reasons for these incongruous results is multifactorial. An underlying theme has been lack of patient inclusion based on elevated indices of oxidative stress which could have diluted the population susceptible to benefit in the clinical trials. Laboratory evidence has accumulated indicating that oxidative stress is dramatically accentuated in cardiac abnormalities inherent in DM. In this review, we provide the emergence of experimental and clinical evidence supporting antioxidant supplementation as a cardioprotective intervention in the setting of DM. Specifically, focus will be directed on preclinical animal studies and human clinical trials that have tested the effect of antioxidant supplements on MI and HF events in the presence of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Hill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Karasu Ç. Glycoxidative stress and cardiovascular complications in experimentally-induced diabetes: effects of antioxidant treatment. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2010; 4:240-56. [PMID: 21270942 PMCID: PMC3026340 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401004010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease, representing a serious risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications, such as coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease and hypertension. Oxidative stress (OS), a feature of DM, is defined as an increase in the steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and may occur as a result of increased free radical generation and/or decreased anti-oxidant defense mechanisms. Increasing evidence indicates that hyperglycemia is the initiating cause of the tissue damage in DM, either through repeated acute changes in cellular glucose metabolism, or through long-term accumulation of glycated biomolecules and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are formed by the Maillard process, a non-enzymatic reaction between ketone group of the glucose molecule or aldehydes and the amino groups of proteins that contributes to the aging of proteins and to the pathological complications of DM. In the presence of uncontrolled hyperglycemia, the increased formation of AGEs and lipid peroxidation products exacerbate intracellular OS and results in a loss of molecular integrity, disruption in cellular signaling and homeostasis, followed by inflammation and tissue injury such as endothelium dysfunction, arterial stiffening and microvascular complications. In addition to increased AGE production, there is also evidence of multiple pathways elevating ROS generation in DM, including; enhanced glucose auto-oxidation, increased mitochondrial superoxide production, protein kinase C-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, increased substrate flux through the polyol pathway and stimulation of eicosanoid metabolism. It is, therefore, not surprising that the correction of these variables can result in amelioration of diabetic cardiovascular abnormalities. A linking element between these phenomena is cellular redox imbalance due to glycoxidative stress (GOS). Thus, recent interest has focused on strategies to prevent, reverse or retard GOS in order to modify the natural history of diabetic cardiovascular abnormalities. This review will discuss the links between GOS and diabetes-induced cardiovascular disorders and the effect of antioxidant therapy on altering the development of cardiovascular complications in diabetic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çimen Karasu
- The Leader of Antioxidants in Diabetes-Induced Complications (ADIC) Study Group. Cellular Stress Response & Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Goyal S, Arora S, Bhatt TK, Das P, Sharma A, Kumari S, Arya DS. Modulation of PPAR-γ by telmisartan protects the heart against myocardial infarction in experimental diabetes. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 185:271-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kellogg AP, Converso K, Wiggin T, Stevens M, Pop-Busui R. Effects of cyclooxygenase-2 gene inactivation on cardiac autonomic and left ventricular function in experimental diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 296:H453-61. [PMID: 19060127 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00678.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-mediated oxidative stress and the upregulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathway activity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several vascular complications of diabetes including diabetic neuropathy. However, in nondiabetic subjects, the cardiovascular safety of selective COX-2 inhibition is controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the links between hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, activation of the COX-2 pathway, cardiac sympathetic integrity, and the development of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in experimental diabetes. R wave-to-R wave interval (R-R interval) and parameters of LV function measured by echocardiography using 1% isoflurane, LV sympathetic nerve fiber density, LV collagen content, and markers of myocardial oxidative stress, inflammation, and PG content were assessed after 6 mo in control and diabetic COX-2-deficient (COX-2(-/-)) and littermate, wild-type (COX-2(+/+)) mice. There were no differences in blood glucose, LV echocardiographic measures, collagen content, sympathetic nerve fiber density, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation between nondiabetic (ND) COX-2(+/+) and COX-2(-/-) mice at baseline and thereafter. After 6 mo, diabetic COX-2(+/+) mice developed significant deteriorations in the R-R interval and signs of LV dysfunction. These were associated with a loss of LV sympathetic nerve fiber density, increased LV collagen content, and a significant increase in myocardial oxidative stress and inflammation compared with those of ND mice. Diabetic COX-2(-/-) mice were protected against all these biochemical, structural, and functional deficits. These data suggest that in experimental diabetes, selective COX-2 inactivation confers protection against sympathetic denervation and LV dysfunction by reducing intramyocardial oxidative stress, inflammation, and myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Kellogg
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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De Mello WC. Metallothionein reverses the harmful effects of angiotensin II on the diabetic heart. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52:667-9. [PMID: 18702971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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