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Akumwami S, Rahman A, Funamoto M, Hossain A, Morishita A, Ikeda Y, Kitamura H, Kitada K, Noma T, Ogino Y, Nishiyama A. Effects of D-Allose on experimental cardiac hypertrophy. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 156:142-148. [PMID: 39179333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of pathological cardiac hypertrophy is the decline in myocardial contractility caused by an energy deficit resulting from metabolic abnormalities, particularly those related to glucose metabolism. Here, we aim to explore whether D-Allose, a rare sugar that utilizes the same transporters as glucose, may restore metabolic equilibrium and reverse cardiac hypertrophy. Isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with phenylephrine and treated with D-Allose simultaneously for 48 h. D-Allose treatment resulted in a pronounced reduction in cardiomyocyte size and cardiac remodelling markers accompanied with a dramatic reduction in the level of intracellular glucose in phenylephrine-stimulated cells. The metabolic flux analysis provided further insights revealing that D-Allose exerted a remarkable inhibition of glycolysis as well as glycolytic capacity. Furthermore, in mice subjected to a 14-day continuous infusion of isoproterenol (ISO) to induce cardiac hypertrophy, D-Allose treatment via drinking water notably reduced ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling markers, with minimal effects on ventricular wall thickness observed in echocardiographic analyses. These findings indicate that D-Allose has the ability to attenuate the progression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by decreasing intracellular glucose flux and inhibiting glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steeve Akumwami
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Asadur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Funamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akram Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitamura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kento Kitada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takahisa Noma
- Department of Cardiorenal Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ogino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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2
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Liu L, Wang Y, Dong Y, Lin S, Guan W, Song J. Resveratrol as a cardioprotective adjuvant for 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of gastric cancer cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13537. [PMID: 39258669 PMCID: PMC11379349 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), a potent chemotherapeutic agent, is often hindered by its well-documented cardiotoxic effects. Nevertheless, natural polyphenolic compounds like resveratrol (RES), known for their dual anti-tumor and cardioprotective properties, are potential adjunct therapeutic agents. In this investigation, we examined the combined utilization of RES and 5-Fu for the inhibition of gastric cancer using both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as their combined impact on cardiac cytotoxicity. Our study revealed that the co-administration of RES and 5-Fu effectively suppressed MFC cell viability, migration, and invasion, while also reducing tumor weight and volume. Mechanistically, the combined treatment prompted p53-mediated apoptosis and autophagy, leading to a considerable anti-tumor effect. Notably, RES mitigated the heightened oxidative stress induced by 5-Fu in cardiomyocytes, suppressed p53 and Bax expression, and elevated Bcl-2 levels. This favorable influence enhanced primary cardiomyocyte viability, decreased apoptosis and autophagy, and mitigated 5-Fu-induced cardiotoxicity. In summary, our findings suggested that RES holds promise as an adjunct therapy to enhance the efficacy of gastric cancer treatment in combination with 5-Fu, while simultaneously mitigating cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Liu
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yexin Wang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanyan Dong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Guan
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Song
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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3
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Caturano A, Galiero R, Vetrano E, Sardu C, Rinaldi L, Russo V, Monda M, Marfella R, Sasso FC. Insulin-Heart Axis: Bridging Physiology to Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8369. [PMID: 39125938 PMCID: PMC11313400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling is vital for regulating cellular metabolism, growth, and survival pathways, particularly in tissues such as adipose, skeletal muscle, liver, and brain. Its role in the heart, however, is less well-explored. The heart, requiring significant ATP to fuel its contractile machinery, relies on insulin signaling to manage myocardial substrate supply and directly affect cardiac muscle metabolism. This review investigates the insulin-heart axis, focusing on insulin's multifaceted influence on cardiac function, from metabolic regulation to the development of physiological cardiac hypertrophy. A central theme of this review is the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and its profound implications for cardiac health. We discuss the intricate molecular mechanisms by which insulin signaling modulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism in cardiomyocytes, emphasizing its pivotal role in maintaining cardiac energy homeostasis. Insulin resistance disrupts these processes, leading to significant cardiac metabolic disturbances, autonomic dysfunction, subcellular signaling abnormalities, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These factors collectively contribute to the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance is linked to hypertrophy, fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and systolic heart failure, exacerbating the risk of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Understanding the insulin-heart axis is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to mitigate the cardiovascular complications associated with insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.G.); (E.V.); (C.S.); (R.M.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.G.); (E.V.); (C.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.G.); (E.V.); (C.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.G.); (E.V.); (C.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.G.); (E.V.); (C.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.G.); (E.V.); (C.S.); (R.M.)
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4
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Huang X, Hu L, Long Z, Wang X, Wu J, Cai J. Hypertensive Heart Disease: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:93. [PMID: 39076964 PMCID: PMC11263885 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2503093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) presents a substantial global health burden, spanning a spectrum from subtle cardiac functional alterations to overt heart failure. In this comprehensive review, we delved into the intricate pathophysiological mechanisms governing the onset and progression of HHD. We emphasized the significant role of neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and metabolic remodeling in HHD pathogenesis, offering insights into promising therapeutic avenues. Additionally, this review provided an overview of contemporary imaging diagnostic tools for precise HHD severity assessment. We discussed in detail the current potential treatments for HHD, including pharmacologic, lifestyle, and intervention devices. This review aimed to underscore the global importance of HHD and foster a deeper understanding of its pathophysiology, ultimately contributing to improved public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lizhi Hu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuojun Long
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyao Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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Yang T, Guo J, Song H, Datsomor O, Chen Y, Jiang M, Zhan K, Zhao G. Hexokinase 1 and 2 mediates glucose utilization to regulate the synthesis of kappa casein via ribosome protein subunit 6 kinase 1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:338-349. [PMID: 38362515 PMCID: PMC10867561 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Glucose plays a vital part in milk protein synthesis through the mTOR signaling pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). The objectives of this study were to determine how glucose affects hexokinase (HK) activity in BMEC and investigate the regulatory effect of HK in kappa casein (CSN3) synthesis via the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway in BMEC. For this, HK1 and HK2 were knocked out in BMEC using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The gene and protein expression, glucose uptake, and cell proliferation were measured. We found that glucose uptake, cell proliferation, CSN3 gene expression levels, and expression of HK1 and HK2 increased with increasing glucose concentrations. Notably, glucose uptake was significantly reduced in HK2 knockout (HK2KO) BMEC treated with 17.5 mM glucose. Moreover, under the same glucose treatment conditions, the proliferative ability and abundance of CSN3 were significantly diminished in both HK1 knockout (HK1KO) and HK2KO BMEC compared with that in wild-type BEMC. We further observed that the phosphorylation levels of ribosome protein subunit 6 kinase 1 (S6K1) were reduced in HK1KO and HK2KO BMEC following treatment with 17.5 mM glucose. As expected, the levels of glucose-6-phosphate and the mRNA expression levels of glycolysis-related genes were decreased in both HK1KO and HK2KO BMEC following glucose treatment. These results indicated that the knockout of HK1 and HK2 inhibited cell proliferation and CSN3 expression in BMEC under glucose treatment, which may be associated with the inactivation of the S6K1 and inhibition of glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Han Song
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Osmond Datsomor
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Maocheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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6
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Liu T, Gao C, Long S, Wang Q, He T, Wu Z, Chen Z. Drinking Heated Water Improves Performance via Increasing Nutrient Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation Function in Yak Calves. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2073. [PMID: 37443871 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of heated water intake on the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and ruminal fermentation function of yak calves in winter. A total of 24 yaks (59.09 ± 3.181 kg) were randomly selected and divided into a cold water (fluctuated with the temperature of test sites at 0-10 °C) group (CW) (58.58 ± 3.592 kg) and a heated water (20 °C) group (HW) (59.61 ± 2.772 kg). After 2 months of the experiment, body weight, serum biochemical indexes, ruminal fermentation characteristics and ATTD were measured. The results showed that drinking heated water increased (p < 0.05) the total weight gain and average daily gain of yaks compared with those drinking cold water. Heated water increased (p < 0.05) the levels of immune globulin M, interleukin-6, triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine and growth hormone compared with cold water. In addition, yaks drinking heated water showed higher (p < 0.05) ATTD of crude protein and ether extract, as well as increased (p < 0.05) content of total protein, albumin and urea nitrogen in serum than those drinking cold water. Compared with cold water, heated water showed increased (p < 0.05) total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid and propionic acid, and a reduced (p < 0.05) acetic acid to propionic acid ratio (p < 0.05). In conclusion, drinking heated water at 20 °C could improve performance via increasing nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation function in yak calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenxi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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7
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Flam E, Arany Z. Metabolite signaling in the heart. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:504-516. [PMID: 39195876 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The heart is the most metabolically active organ in the body, sustaining a continuous and high flux of nutrient catabolism via oxidative phosphorylation. The nature and relative contribution of these fuels have been studied extensively for decades. By contrast, less attention has been placed on how intermediate metabolites generated from this catabolism affect intracellular signaling. Numerous metabolites, including intermediates of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids and ketones, are increasingly appreciated to affect signaling in the heart, via various mechanisms ranging from protein-metabolite interactions to modifying epigenetic marks. We review here the current state of knowledge of intermediate metabolite signaling in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Flam
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zolt Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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8
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Suto H, Inui Y, Okamura A. Is CT or FDG-PET more useful for evaluation of the treatment response in metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer? a case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1158797. [PMID: 37152012 PMCID: PMC10157226 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1158797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors version 1.1 (RECIST ver1.1) has been widely adopted to evaluate treatment efficacy in solid tumors, including breast cancer (BC), in clinical trials and clinical practice. RECIST is based mainly on computed tomography (CT) images, and the role of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is limited. However, because the rate of tumor shrinkage on CT does not necessarily reflect the potential remaining tumor cells, there may be a discrepancy between the treatment response and prognosis in some cases. Here we report a case of metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive BC where FDG-PET was preferable to CT for evaluation of the treatment response. A 40-year-old woman became aware of a lump in her right breast in September 201X. She was pregnant and underwent further examinations, including a biopsy, in November. The diagnosis was HER2-positive BC (cT2N2bM1, stage IV). Trastuzumab plus pertuzumab plus docetaxel (TPD) therapy was initiated in December 201X. CT performed in February 201X+1 showed cystic changes in the metastatic lesions in the liver, and the treatment response was stable disease (SD) according to RECIST. However, FDG-PET in March 201X+1 did not detect abnormal uptake of FDG in the hepatic lesions. The disease remained stable thereafter. Thus, tumor shrinkage may not be apparent in situations where the response to treatment results in rapid changes in blood flow within the tumor, which is associated with cystic changes. When patients with hypervascular liver metastases receive treatment with highly effective regimens, the target lesion may show cystic changes rather than shrinkage, as observed in the present case. Therefore, FDG-PET is sometimes superior to CT in judging a tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Suto
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hirotaka Suto,
| | - Yumiko Inui
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Okamura
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
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9
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Zhou B, Caudal A, Tang X, Chavez JD, McMillen TS, Keller A, Villet O, Zhao M, Liu Y, Ritterhoff J, Wang P, Kolwicz SC, Wang W, Bruce JE, Tian R. Upregulation of mitochondrial ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (ATPIF1) mediates increased glycolysis in mouse hearts. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e155333. [PMID: 35575090 PMCID: PMC9106352 DOI: 10.1172/jci155333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In hypertrophied and failing hearts, fuel metabolism is reprogrammed to increase glucose metabolism, especially glycolysis. This metabolic shift favors biosynthetic function at the expense of ATP production. Mechanisms responsible for the switch are poorly understood. We found that inhibitory factor 1 of the mitochondrial FoF1-ATP synthase (ATPIF1), a protein known to inhibit ATP hydrolysis by the reverse function of ATP synthase during ischemia, was significantly upregulated in pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload, myocardial infarction, or α-adrenergic stimulation. Chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry analysis of hearts hypertrophied by pressure overload suggested that increased expression of ATPIF1 promoted the formation of FoF1-ATP synthase nonproductive tetramer. Using ATPIF1 gain- and loss-of-function cell models, we demonstrated that stalled electron flow due to impaired ATP synthase activity triggered mitochondrial ROS generation, which stabilized HIF1α, leading to transcriptional activation of glycolysis. Cardiac-specific deletion of ATPIF1 in mice prevented the metabolic switch and protected against the pathological remodeling during chronic stress. These results uncover a function of ATPIF1 in nonischemic hearts, which gives FoF1-ATP synthase a critical role in metabolic rewiring during the pathological remodeling of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Arianne Caudal
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Xiaoting Tang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Juan D. Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy S. McMillen
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Andrew Keller
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Outi Villet
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Julia Ritterhoff
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Pei Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Stephen C. Kolwicz
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - Wang Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
| | - James E. Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and
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10
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Caturano A, Vetrano E, Galiero R, Salvatore T, Docimo G, Epifani R, Alfano M, Sardu C, Marfella R, Rinaldi L, Sasso FC. Cardiac Hypertrophy: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Heart Failure Development. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:165. [PMID: 39077592 PMCID: PMC11273913 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2305165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy develops in response to increased workload to reduce ventricular wall stress and maintain function and efficiency. Pathological hypertrophy can be adaptive at the beginning. However, if the stimulus persists, it may progress to ventricular chamber dilatation, contractile dysfunction, and heart failure, resulting in poorer outcome and increased social burden. The main pathophysiological mechanisms of pathological hypertrophy are cell death, fibrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of Ca 2 + -handling proteins, metabolic changes, fetal gene expression reactivation, impaired protein and mitochondrial quality control, altered sarcomere structure, and inadequate angiogenesis. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a condition in which cardiac pathological hypertrophy mainly develop due to insulin resistance and subsequent hyperglycaemia, associated with altered fatty acid metabolism, altered calcium homeostasis and inflammation. In this review, we summarize the underlying molecular mechanisms of pathological hypertrophy development and progression, which can be applied in the development of future novel therapeutic strategies in both reversal and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Epifani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Alfano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
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11
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Insulin Receptors and Insulin Action in the Heart: The Effects of Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040578. [PMID: 35454166 PMCID: PMC9024449 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This year, 2022, marks the 100th anniversary of the isolation of human insulin and its administration to patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin exerts many effects on the human body, including the cardiac tissue. The pathways implicated include the PKB/Akt signaling pathway, the Janus kinase, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and lead to normal cardiac growth, vascular smooth muscle regulation, and cardiac contractility. This review aims to summarize the existing knowledge and provide new insights on insulin pathways of cardiac tissue, along with the role of left ventricular assist devices on insulin regulation and cardiac function.
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12
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Ellingson BM, Wen PY, Cloughesy TF. Therapeutic Response Assessment of High-Grade Gliomas During Early-Phase Drug Development in the Era of Molecular and Immunotherapies. Cancer J 2021; 27:395-403. [PMID: 34570454 PMCID: PMC8480435 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Several new therapeutic strategies have emerged over the past decades to address unmet clinical needs in high-grade gliomas, including targeted molecular agents and various forms of immunotherapy. Each of these strategies requires addressing fundamental questions, depending on the stage of drug development, including ensuring drug penetration into the brain, engagement of the drug with the desired target, biologic effects downstream from the target including metabolic and/or physiologic changes, and identifying evidence of clinical activity that could be expanded upon to increase the likelihood of a meaningful survival benefit. The current review article highlights these strategies and outlines how imaging technology can be used for therapeutic response evaluation in both targeted and immunotherapies in early phases of drug development in high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Patrick Y. Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy F. Cloughesy
- UCLA Neuro Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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13
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Abstract
Insulin receptors are highly expressed in the heart and vasculature. Insulin signaling regulates cardiac growth, survival, substrate uptake, utilization, and mitochondrial metabolism. Insulin signaling modulates the cardiac responses to physiological and pathological stressors. Altered insulin signaling in the heart may contribute to the pathophysiology of ventricular remodeling and heart failure progression. Myocardial insulin signaling adapts rapidly to changes in the systemic metabolic milieu. What may initially represent an adaptation to protect the heart from carbotoxicity may contribute to amplifying the risk of heart failure in obesity and diabetes. This review article presents the multiple roles of insulin signaling in cardiac physiology and pathology and discusses the potential therapeutic consequences of modulating myocardial insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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14
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Davogustto GE, Salazar RL, Vasquez HG, Karlstaedt A, Dillon WP, Guthrie PH, Martin JR, Vitrac H, De La Guardia G, Vela D, Ribas-Latre A, Baumgartner C, Eckel-Mahan K, Taegtmeyer H. Metabolic remodeling precedes mTORC1-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:115-127. [PMID: 34081952 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The nutrient sensing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and its primary inhibitor, tuberin (TSC2), are cues for the development of cardiac hypertrophy. The phenotype of mTORC1 induced hypertrophy is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of sustained mTORC1 activation on metabolism, function, and structure of the adult heart. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a mouse model of inducible, cardiac-specific sustained mTORC1 activation (mTORC1iSA) through deletion of Tsc2. Prior to hypertrophy, rates of glucose uptake and oxidation, as well as protein and enzymatic activity of glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) were decreased, while intracellular levels of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) were increased. Subsequently, hypertrophy developed. Transcript levels of the fetal gene program and pathways of exercise-induced hypertrophy increased, while hypertrophy did not progress to heart failure. We therefore examined the hearts of wild-type mice subjected to voluntary physical activity and observed early changes in GPI, followed by hypertrophy. Rapamycin prevented these changes in both models. CONCLUSION Activation of mTORC1 in the adult heart triggers the development of a non-specific form of hypertrophy which is preceded by changes in cardiac glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni E Davogustto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca L Salazar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hernan G Vasquez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anja Karlstaedt
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William P Dillon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick H Guthrie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph R Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gina De La Guardia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Vela
- Cardiovascular Pathology Research Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute at CHI St. Luke's Health, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aleix Ribas-Latre
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Corrine Baumgartner
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism contribute to the severity of heart failure. However, the energy metabolic changes that occur in heart failure are complex and are dependent not only on the severity and type of heart failure present but also on the co-existence of common comorbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The failing heart faces an energy deficit, primarily because of a decrease in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. This is partly compensated for by an increase in ATP production from glycolysis. The relative contribution of the different fuels for mitochondrial ATP production also changes, including a decrease in glucose and amino acid oxidation, and an increase in ketone oxidation. The oxidation of fatty acids by the heart increases or decreases, depending on the type of heart failure. For instance, in heart failure associated with diabetes and obesity, myocardial fatty acid oxidation increases, while in heart failure associated with hypertension or ischemia, myocardial fatty acid oxidation decreases. Combined, these energy metabolic changes result in the failing heart becoming less efficient (ie, a decrease in cardiac work/O2 consumed). The alterations in both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the failing heart are due to both transcriptional changes in key enzymes involved in these metabolic pathways, as well as alterations in NAD redox state (NAD+ and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels) and metabolite signaling that contribute to posttranslational epigenetic changes in the control of expression of genes encoding energy metabolic enzymes. Alterations in the fate of glucose, beyond flux through glycolysis or glucose oxidation, also contribute to the pathology of heart failure. Of importance, pharmacological targeting of the energy metabolic pathways has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to improving cardiac efficiency, decreasing the energy deficit and improving cardiac function in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (G.D.L., Q.G.K.)
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (G.D.L., Q.G.K.)
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle (R.T.)
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.)
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (E.D.A.).,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (E.D.A.)
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16
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Garbern JC, Lee RT. Mitochondria and metabolic transitions in cardiomyocytes: lessons from development for stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:177. [PMID: 33712058 PMCID: PMC7953594 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods to differentiate cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) inadequately recapitulate complete development and result in PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) with an immature or fetal-like phenotype. Embryonic and fetal development are highly dynamic periods during which the developing embryo or fetus is exposed to changing nutrient, oxygen, and hormone levels until birth. It is becoming increasingly apparent that these metabolic changes initiate developmental processes to mature cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria are central to these changes, responding to these metabolic changes and transitioning from small, fragmented mitochondria to large organelles capable of producing enough ATP to support the contractile function of the heart. These changes in mitochondria may not simply be a response to cardiomyocyte maturation; the metabolic signals that occur throughout development may actually be central to the maturation process in cardiomyocytes. Here, we review methods to enhance maturation of PSC-CMs and highlight evidence from development indicating the key roles that mitochondria play during cardiomyocyte maturation. We evaluate metabolic transitions that occur during development and how these affect molecular nutrient sensors, discuss how regulation of nutrient sensing pathways affect mitochondrial dynamics and function, and explore how changes in mitochondrial function can affect metabolite production, the cell cycle, and epigenetics to influence maturation of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard T Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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17
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MiR-599 Protects Cardiomyocytes against Oxidative Stress-Induced Pyroptosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3287053. [PMID: 33681353 PMCID: PMC7906806 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3287053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a crucial factor and key promoter of a variety of cardiovascular diseases associated with cardiomyocyte injury. Emerging literatures suggest that pyroptosis plays a key role in cardiac damages. However, whether pyroptosis contributes to cardiomyocyte injury under oxidative stress and the underlying molecular mechanisms are totally unclear. This study was designed to investigate the potential role of pyroptosis in H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte injury and to elucidate the potential mechanisms. Primary cardiomyocytes from neonatal Wistar rats were utilized. These myocytes were treated with different concentrations of H2O2 (25, 50, and 100 μM) for 24 h to induce oxidative injury. Our results indicated that mRNA and protein levels of ASC were remarkably upregulated and caspase-1 was activated. Moreover, the expressions of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 were also increased. Luciferase assay showed that miR-599 inhibited ASC expression through complementary binding with its 3'UTR. MiR-599 expression was substantially reduced in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes. Upregulation of miR-599 inhibited cardiomyocyte pyroptosis under oxidative stress, and opposite results were found by decreasing the expression of miR-599. Consistently, miR-599 overexpression ameliorated cardiomyocyte injury caused by H2O2. Therefore, miR-599 could be a promising therapeutic approach for the management of cardiac injury under oxidative condition.
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18
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Taegtmeyer H. Heart Failure in Diabetes: Still a Vexing Problem. Circ Res 2021; 128:358-359. [PMID: 33539222 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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19
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Takano APC, Senger N, Barreto-Chaves MLM. The endocrinological component and signaling pathways associated to cardiac hypertrophy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110972. [PMID: 32777452 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although myocardial growth corresponds to an adaptive response to maintain cardiac contractile function, the cardiac hypertrophy is a condition that occurs in many cardiovascular diseases and typically precedes the onset of heart failure. Different endocrine factors such as thyroid hormones, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin (ET-1), catecholamines, estrogen, among others represent important stimuli to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thus, numerous endocrine disorders manifested as changes in the local environment or multiple organ systems are especially important in the context of progression from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. Based on that information, this review summarizes experimental findings regarding the influence of such hormones upon signalling pathways associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Understanding mechanisms through which hormones differentially regulate cardiac hypertrophy could open ways to obtain therapeutic approaches that contribute to prevent or delay the onset of heart failure related to endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalia Senger
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Orozco JM, Krawczyk PA, Scaria SM, Cangelosi AL, Chan SH, Kunchok T, Lewis CA, Sabatini DM. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate signals glucose availability to mTORC1. Nat Metab 2020; 2:893-901. [PMID: 32719541 PMCID: PMC7995735 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase regulates cell growth by setting the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes. To be active, mTORC1 requires the environmental presence of amino acids and glucose. While a mechanistic understanding of amino acid sensing by mTORC1 is emerging, how glucose activates mTORC1 remains mysterious. Here, we used metabolically engineered human cells lacking the canonical energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase to identify glucose-derived metabolites required to activate mTORC1 independent of energetic stress. We show that mTORC1 senses a metabolite downstream of the aldolase and upstream of the GAPDH-catalysed steps of glycolysis and pinpoint dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) as the key molecule. In cells expressing a triose kinase, the synthesis of DHAP from DHA is sufficient to activate mTORC1 even in the absence of glucose. DHAP is a precursor for lipid synthesis, a process under the control of mTORC1, which provides a potential rationale for the sensing of DHAP by mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Orozco
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrycja A Krawczyk
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sonia M Scaria
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew L Cangelosi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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21
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Chronic activation of hexosamine biosynthesis in the heart triggers pathological cardiac remodeling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1771. [PMID: 32286306 PMCID: PMC7156663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) plays critical roles in nutrient sensing, stress response, and cell growth. However, its contribution to cardiac hypertrophic growth and heart failure remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that the HBP is induced in cardiomyocytes during hypertrophic growth. Overexpression of Gfat1 (glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1), the rate-limiting enzyme of HBP, promotes cardiomyocyte growth. On the other hand, Gfat1 inhibition significantly blunts phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic growth in cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, cardiac-specific overexpression of Gfat1 exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction. Conversely, deletion of Gfat1 in cardiomyocytes attenuates pathological cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload. Mechanistically, persistent upregulation of the HBP triggers decompensated hypertrophy through activation of mTOR while Gfat1 deficiency shows cardioprotection and a concomitant decrease in mTOR activity. Taken together, our results reveal that chronic upregulation of the HBP under hemodynamic stress induces pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure through persistent activation of mTOR. Metabolic remodeling plays an important role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Here, the authors show that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway is elevated in the heart by pressure overload, which contributes to heart failure by persistent activation of mTOR.
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22
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Ritterhoff J, Young S, Villet O, Shao D, Neto FC, Bettcher LF, Hsu YWA, Kolwicz SC, Raftery D, Tian R. Metabolic Remodeling Promotes Cardiac Hypertrophy by Directing Glucose to Aspartate Biosynthesis. Circ Res 2020; 126:182-196. [PMID: 31709908 PMCID: PMC8448129 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypertrophied hearts switch from mainly using fatty acids (FAs) to an increased reliance on glucose for energy production. It has been shown that preserving FA oxidation (FAO) prevents the pathological shift of substrate preference, preserves cardiac function and energetics, and reduces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy during cardiac stresses. However, it remains elusive whether substrate metabolism regulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy directly or via a secondary effect of improving cardiac energetics. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the mechanisms of how preservation of FAO prevents the hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS We cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes in a medium containing glucose and mixed-chain FAs and induced pathological hypertrophy by phenylephrine. Phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy was associated with increased glucose consumption and higher intracellular aspartate levels, resulting in increased synthesis of nucleotides, RNA, and proteins. These changes could be prevented by increasing FAO via deletion of ACC2 (acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 2) in phenylephrine-stimulated cardiomyocytes and in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Furthermore, aspartate supplementation was sufficient to reverse the antihypertrophic effect of ACC2 deletion demonstrating a causal role of elevated aspartate level in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. 15N and 13C stable isotope tracing revealed that glucose but not glutamine contributed to increased biosynthesis of aspartate, which supplied nitrogen for nucleotide synthesis during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that increased glucose consumption is required to support aspartate synthesis that drives the increase of biomass during cardiac hypertrophy. Preservation of FAO prevents the shift of metabolic flux into the anabolic pathway and maintains catabolic metabolism for energy production, thus preventing cardiac hypertrophy and improving myocardial energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ritterhoff
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (J.R., S.Y., O.V., D.S., Y.-W.A.H., S.C.K., R.T.), Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sara Young
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (J.R., S.Y., O.V., D.S., Y.-W.A.H., S.C.K., R.T.), Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Outi Villet
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (J.R., S.Y., O.V., D.S., Y.-W.A.H., S.C.K., R.T.), Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Dan Shao
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (J.R., S.Y., O.V., D.S., Y.-W.A.H., S.C.K., R.T.), Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - F Carnevale Neto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center (F.C.N., L.F.B., D.R.), Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lisa F Bettcher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center (F.C.N., L.F.B., D.R.), Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Yun-Wei A Hsu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (J.R., S.Y., O.V., D.S., Y.-W.A.H., S.C.K., R.T.), Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Stephen C Kolwicz
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (J.R., S.Y., O.V., D.S., Y.-W.A.H., S.C.K., R.T.), Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center (F.C.N., L.F.B., D.R.), Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Rong Tian
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (J.R., S.Y., O.V., D.S., Y.-W.A.H., S.C.K., R.T.), Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle
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23
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Karlstaedt A, Khanna R, Thangam M, Taegtmeyer H. Glucose 6-Phosphate Accumulates via Phosphoglucose Isomerase Inhibition in Heart Muscle. Circ Res 2019; 126:60-74. [PMID: 31698999 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Metabolic and structural remodeling is a hallmark of heart failure. This remodeling involves activation of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, but little is known on how intermediary metabolites are integrated as metabolic signals. OBJECTIVE We investigated the metabolic control of cardiac glycolysis and explored the potential of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to regulate glycolytic flux and mTOR activation. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a kinetic model of cardiomyocyte carbohydrate metabolism, CardioGlyco, to study the metabolic control of myocardial glycolysis and G6P levels. Metabolic control analysis revealed that G6P concentration is dependent on phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) activity. Next, we integrated ex vivo tracer studies with mathematical simulations to test how changes in glucose supply and glycolytic flux affect mTOR activation. Nutrient deprivation promoted a tight coupling between glucose uptake and oxidation, G6P reduction, and increased protein-protein interaction between hexokinase II and mTOR. We validated the in silico modeling in cultured adult mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes by modulating PGI activity using erythrose 4-phosphate. Inhibition of glycolytic flux at the level of PGI caused G6P accumulation, which correlated with increased mTOR activation. Using click chemistry, we labeled newly synthesized proteins and confirmed that inhibition of PGI increases protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS The reduction of PGI activity directly affects myocyte growth by regulating mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Karlstaedt
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (A.K., H.T.)
| | | | - Manoj Thangam
- Department of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO (M.T.)
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (A.K., H.T.)
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24
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Li Y, Hof T, Baldwin TA, Chen L, Kass RS, Dessauer CW. Regulation of I Ks Potassium Current by Isoproterenol in Adult Cardiomyocytes Requires Type 9 Adenylyl Cyclase. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090981. [PMID: 31461851 PMCID: PMC6770663 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The subunits KCNQ1 and KCNE1 generate the slowly activating, delayed rectifier potassium current, IKs, that responds to sympathetic stimulation and is critical for human cardiac repolarization. The A-kinase anchoring protein Yotiao facilitates macromolecular complex formation between IKs and protein kinase A (PKA) to regulate phosphorylation of KCNQ1 and IKs currents following beta-adrenergic stimulation. We have previously shown that adenylyl cyclase Type 9 (AC9) is associated with a KCNQ1-Yotiao-PKA complex and facilitates isoproterenol-stimulated phosphorylation of KCNQ1 in an immortalized cell line. However, requirement for AC9 in sympathetic control of IKs in the heart was unknown. Using a transgenic mouse strain expressing the KCNQ1-KCNE1 subunits of IKs, we show that AC9 is the only adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoform associated with the KCNQ1-KCNE1-Yotiao complex in the heart. Deletion of AC9 resulted in the loss of isoproterenol-stimulated KCNQ1 phosphorylation in vivo, even though AC9 represents less than 3% of total cardiac AC activity. Importantly, a significant reduction of isoproterenol-stimulated IKs currents was also observed in adult cardiomyocytes from IKs-expressing AC9KO mice. AC9 and Yotiao co-localize with N-cadherin, a marker of intercalated disks and cell–cell junctions, in neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes, respectively. In conclusion, AC9 is necessary for sympathetic regulation of PKA phosphorylation of KCNQ1 in vivo and for functional regulation of IKs in adult cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas Hof
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tanya A Baldwin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert S Kass
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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25
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Nakamura M, Sadoshima J. Cardiomyopathy in obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes. J Physiol 2019; 598:2977-2993. [PMID: 30869158 DOI: 10.1113/jp276747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes is increasing rapidly. Most patients with these disorders have hypertriglyceridaemia and increased plasma levels of fatty acids, which are taken up and stored in lipid droplets in the heart. Intramyocardial lipids that exceed the capacity for storage and oxidation can be lipotoxic and induce non-ischaemic and non-hypertensive cardiomyopathy, termed diabetic or lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. The clinical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy are cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, which lead to heart failure, especially heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Although the pathogenesis of the cardiomyopathy is multifactorial, diabetic dyslipidaemia and intramyocardial lipid accumulation are the key pathological features, triggering cellular signalling and modifications of proteins and lipids via generation of toxic metabolic intermediates. Most clinical studies have shown no beneficial effect of anti-diabetic agents and statins on outcomes in heart failure patients without atherosclerotic diseases, indicating the importance of identifying underlying mechanisms and early interventions for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy, with a special emphasis on cardiac lipotoxicity, and discuss the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and dysregulated fatty acid metabolism as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinari Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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Nakatani K, Masuda D, Kobayashi T, Sairyo M, Zhu Y, Okada T, Naito AT, Ohama T, Koseki M, Oka T, Akazawa H, Nishida M, Komuro I, Sakata Y, Yamashita S. Pressure Overload Impairs Cardiac Function in Long-Chain Fatty Acid Transporter CD36-Knockout Mice. Int Heart J 2018; 60:159-167. [PMID: 30518717 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CD36 is one of the important transporters of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in the myocardium. We previously reported that CD36-deficient patients demonstrate a marked reduction of myocardial uptake of LCFA, while myocardial glucose uptake shows a compensatory increase, and are often accompanied by cardiomyopathy. However, the molecular mechanisms and functional role of CD36 in the myocardium remain unknown.The current study aimed to explore the pathophysiological role of CD36 in the heart. Methods: Using wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice, we generated pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and analyzed cardiac functions by echocardiography. To assess cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, histological and molecular analyses and measurement of ATP concentration in mouse hearts were performed.By applying TAC, the survival rate was significantly lower in KO than that in WT mice. After TAC, KO mice showed significantly higher heart weight-to-tibial length ratio and larger cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes than those of WT. Although left ventricular (LV) wall thickness in the KO mice was similar to that in the WT mice, the KO mice showed a significant enlargement of LV cavity and reduced LV fractional shortening compared to the WT mice with TAC. A tendency for decreased myocardial ATP concentration was observed in the KO mice compared to the WT mice after TAC operation.These data suggest that the LCFA transporter CD36 is required for the maintenance of energy provision, systolic function, and myocardial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Rinku Innovation Center for Wellness Care and Activities (RICWA), Health Care Center, Department of Cardiology, Rinku General Medical Center
| | | | - Masami Sairyo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kawanishi City Hospital
| | - Yinghong Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takeshi Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Atsuhiko T Naito
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University
| | - Tohru Ohama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Osaka University Dental Hospital
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University
| | - Toru Oka
- Department of Medical Checkup, Osaka International Cancer Institute
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Makoto Nishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shizuya Yamashita
- Rinku General Medical Center.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Community Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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27
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Shao D, Villet O, Zhang Z, Choi SW, Yan J, Ritterhoff J, Gu H, Djukovic D, Christodoulou D, Kolwicz SC, Raftery D, Tian R. Glucose promotes cell growth by suppressing branched-chain amino acid degradation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2935. [PMID: 30050148 PMCID: PMC6062555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential nutrients and key determinants of cell growth and stress responses. High BCAA level inhibits glucose metabolism but reciprocal regulation of BCAA metabolism by glucose has not been demonstrated. Here we show that glucose suppresses BCAA catabolism in cardiomyocytes to promote hypertrophic response. High glucose inhibits CREB stimulated KLF15 transcription resulting in downregulation of enzymes in the BCAA catabolism pathway. Accumulation of BCAA through the glucose-KLF15-BCAA degradation axis is required for the activation of mTOR signaling during the hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. Restoration of KLF15 prevents cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload in wildtype mice but not in mutant mice deficient of BCAA degradation gene. Thus, regulation of KLF15 transcription by glucose is critical for the glucose-BCAA circuit which controls a cascade of obligatory metabolic responses previously unrecognized for cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Outi Villet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sung Won Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Medicine, NMR Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Julia Ritterhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Danijel Djukovic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Danos Christodoulou
- Department of Medicine, NMR Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephen C Kolwicz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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29
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Ritterhoff J, Tian R. Metabolism in cardiomyopathy: every substrate matters. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:411-421. [PMID: 28395011 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac metabolism is highly adaptive to changes in fuel availability and the energy demand of the heart. This metabolic flexibility is key for the heart to maintain its output during the development and in response to stress. Alterations in substrate preference have been observed in multiple disease states; a clear understanding of their impact on cardiac function in the long term is critical for the development of metabolic therapies. In addition, the contribution of cellular metabolism to growth, survival, and other signalling pathways through the generation of metabolic intermediates has been increasingly noted, adding another layer of complexity to the impact of metabolism on cardiac function. In a quest to understand the complexity of the cardiac metabolic network, genetic tools have been engaged to manipulate cardiac metabolism in a variety of mouse models. The ability to engineer cardiac metabolism in vivo has provided tremendous insights and brought about conceptual innovations. In this review, we will provide an overview of the cardiac metabolic network and highlight alterations observed during cardiac development and pathological hypertrophy. We will focus on consequences of altered substrate preference on cardiac response to chronic stresses through energy providing and non-energy providing pathways.
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30
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Garcia MI, Karlstaedt A, Chen JJ, Amione-Guerra J, Youker KA, Taegtmeyer H, Boehning D. Functionally redundant control of cardiac hypertrophic signaling by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 112:95-103. [PMID: 28923351 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium plays an integral role to many cellular processes including contraction, energy metabolism, gene expression, and cell death. The inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is a calcium channel expressed in cardiac tissue. There are three IP3R isoforms encoded by separate genes. In the heart, the IP3R-2 isoform is reported to being most predominant with regards to expression levels and functional significance. The functional roles of IP3R-1 and IP3R-3 in the heart are essentially unexplored despite measureable expression levels. Here we show that all three IP3Rs isoforms are expressed in both neonatal and adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, and in human heart tissue. The three IP3R proteins are expressed throughout the cardiomyocyte sarcoplasmic reticulum. Using isoform specific siRNA, we found that expression of all three IP3R isoforms are required for hypertrophic signaling downstream of endothelin-1 stimulation. Mechanistically, IP3Rs specifically contribute to activation of the hypertrophic program by mediating the positive inotropic effects of endothelin-1 and leading to downstream activation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells. Our findings highlight previously unidentified functions for IP3R isoforms in the heart with specific implications for hypertrophic signaling in animal models and in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iveth Garcia
- Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Anja Karlstaedt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Jessica J Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | | | - Keith A Youker
- Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Darren Boehning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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31
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Kaur A, Sharma S. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a potential therapeutic target in various diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:293-312. [PMID: 28417246 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that belongs to Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase related kinase superfamily. The signaling pathways of mTOR are integrated through the protein complexes of mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 controls protein synthesis, cell growth, proliferation, autophagy, cell metabolism, and stress responses, whereas mTORC2 seems to regulate cell survival and polarity. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of disease conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and various renal diseases. The hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway leads to increase in cell growth and proliferation and also has been documented to stimulate tumor growth. Therefore, investigation of the involvement of mTOR and its downstream pathways in various diseases intensively preoccupied scientific community. The present review is focussed on recent advances in the understanding of the mTOR signaling pathway and its role in health and various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avileen Kaur
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Pharmacology, I. S. F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Pharmacology, I. S. F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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32
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Abstract
The heart is a biological pump that converts chemical to mechanical energy. This process of energy conversion is highly regulated to the extent that energy substrate metabolism matches energy use for contraction on a beat-to-beat basis. The biochemistry of cardiac metabolism includes the biochemistry of energy transfer, metabolic regulation, and transcriptional, translational as well as posttranslational control of enzymatic activities. Pathways of energy substrate metabolism in the heart are complex and dynamic, but all of them conform to the First Law of Thermodynamics. The perspectives expand on the overall idea that cardiac metabolism is inextricably linked to both physiology and molecular biology of the heart. The article ends with an outlook on emerging concepts of cardiac metabolism based on new molecular models and new analytical tools. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1675-1699, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Truong Lam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Giovanni Davogustto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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33
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Choi YK, Cho SG, Choi YJ, Yun YJ, Lee KM, Lee K, Yoo HH, Shin YC, Ko SG. SH003 suppresses breast cancer growth by accumulating p62 in autolysosomes. Oncotarget 2016; 8:88386-88400. [PMID: 29179443 PMCID: PMC5687613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug markets revisits herbal medicines, as historical usages address their therapeutic efficacies with less adverse effects. Moreover, herbal medicines save both cost and time in development. SH003, a modified version of traditional herbal medicine extracted from Astragalus membranaceus (Am), Angelica gigas (Ag), and Trichosanthes Kirilowii Maximowicz (Tk) with 1:1:1 ratio (w/w) has been revealed to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis on highly metastatic breast cancer cells, both in vivo and in vitro with no toxicity. Meanwhile, autophagy is imperative for maintenance cellular homeostasis, thereby playing critical roles in cancer progression. Inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological agents induces apoptotic cell death in cancer cells, resulting in cancer treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that SH003-induced autophagy via inhibiting STAT3 and mTOR results in an induction of lysosomal p62/SQSTM1 accumulation-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and attenuates tumor growth. SH003 induced autophagosome and autolysosome formation by inhibiting activation of STAT3- and mTOR-mediated signaling pathways. However, SH003 blocked autophagy-mediated p62/SQSTM1 degradation through reducing of lysosomal proteases, Cathepsins, resulting in accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 in the lysosome. The accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 caused the increase of ROS, which resulted in the induction of apoptotic cell death. Therefore, we conclude that SH003 suppresses breast cancer growth by inducing autophagy. In addition, SH003-induced p62/SQSTM1 could function as an important mediator for ROS generation-dependent cell death suggesting that SH003 may be useful for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Kyung Choi
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research and Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, 695-975, Korea
| | - Sung-Gook Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk, 368-701, Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Choi
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Yee Jin Yun
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Kang Min Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Kangwook Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Hye-Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and Collage of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Gyonggi, 426-791, Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
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34
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Pascual F, Coleman RA. Fuel availability and fate in cardiac metabolism: A tale of two substrates. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1425-33. [PMID: 26993579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The heart's extraordinary metabolic flexibility allows it to adapt to normal changes in physiology in order to preserve its function. Alterations in the metabolic profile of the heart have also been attributed to pathological conditions such as ischemia and hypertrophy; however, research during the past decade has established that cardiac metabolic adaptations can precede the onset of pathologies. It is therefore critical to understand how changes in cardiac substrate availability and use trigger events that ultimately result in heart dysfunction. This review examines the mechanisms by which the heart obtains fuels from the circulation or from mobilization of intracellular stores. We next describe experimental models that exhibit either an increase in glucose use or a decrease in FA oxidation, and how these aberrant conditions affect cardiac metabolism and function. Finally, we highlight the importance of alternative, relatively under-investigated strategies for the treatment of heart failure. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Pascual
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
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35
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic homeostasis disease that contributes to additional comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. It has a long undiagnosed latent period during which there can be irreparable damage to the pancreas and cardiovascular tissues. Recent studies have highlighted the roles of several microRNAs in CVD. Determining the microRNAs that link diabetes mellitus and CVD is an important topic to be explored. In the present review, we discuss the microRNAs that contribute to the progression of diabetes mellitus and CVD and focus on the miR-29 family microRNAs whose expression is upregulated by hyperglycemia and proinflammatory cytokines, the hallmarks of diabetes mellitus. Upregulation of miR-29 expression is a key factor in the loss of pancreatic β cells and development of the first stage of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Additionally, miR-29-mediated suppression of myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1), an important prosurvival protein, underlies Marfan's syndrome, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and diabetes mellitus-associated cardiomyocyte disorganization. Suppression of miR-29 expression and subsequent increase in the prosurvival MCL-1, however, promotes tumor development. Therefore, miR-29 mimics that suppress MCL-1 are hailed as tumor suppressors. The critical question is whether an increase in miR-29 levels is well tolerated in conditions of comorbidities in which insulin resistance is an underlying disease. In light of increasing awareness of the interconnection of diabetes mellitus, CVD, and cancer, it is of utmost importance to understand the mechanism of action of current treatment options on all of the comorbidities and careful evaluation of cardiovascular toxicity must accompany any treatment paradigm that increases miR-29 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ślusarz
- aDepartment of Medicine bDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Missouri cHarry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital dDepartment of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Tan VP, Miyamoto S. Nutrient-sensing mTORC1: Integration of metabolic and autophagic signals. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 95:31-41. [PMID: 26773603 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of adult cardiomyocytes to regenerate is limited, and irreversible loss by cell death plays a crucial role in heart diseases. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular catabolic process through which long-lived proteins and damaged organelles are targeted for lysosomal degradation. Autophagy is important in cardiac homeostasis and can serve as a protective mechanism by providing an energy source, especially in the face of sustained starvation. Cellular metabolism is closely associated with cell survival, and recent evidence suggests that metabolic and autophagic signaling pathways exhibit a high degree of crosstalk and are functionally interdependent. In this review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of regulation of autophagy and its crosstalk with metabolic signaling, with a focus on the nutrient-sensing mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie P Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA.
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Roux A, Gilbert S, Loranger A, Marceau N. Impact of keratin intermediate filaments on insulin-mediated glucose metabolism regulation in the liver and disease association. FASEB J 2015; 30:491-502. [PMID: 26467793 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-277905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In all cells, a tight regulation exists between glucose uptake and utilization to prevent diseases related to its perturbed metabolism. In insulin-targeted cells, such as hepatocytes, proper glucose utilization requires an elaborate interplay between the insulin receptor, the glucose transporter, and mitochondria that involves the participation of actin microfilaments and microtubules. In addition, there is increasing evidence of an involvement of the third cytoskeletal network provided by intermediate filaments (IFs). Keratins belong to the multigene family of IF proteins, coordinately expressed as distinct pairs within the context of epithelial cell differentiation. Hepatocyte IFs are made up of the [keratin (K)8/K18] pair only, whereas pancreatic β-cell IFs additionally include small amounts of K7. There are accumulating examples of K8/K18 involvement in the glucose-insulin cross-talk, including the modulation of plasma glucose levels, insulin release from pancreatic β-cells, and insulin-mediated glucose uptake and glycogen production in hepatocytes after a K8/K18 loss. This review integrates the mechanistic features that support such an impact of K8/K18 IFs on insulin-dependent glucose metabolism regulation in liver and its implication in glucose- or insulin-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Roux
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Gilbert
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Loranger
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Normand Marceau
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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38
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Carubelli V, Castrini AI, Lazzarini V, Gheorghiade M, Metra M, Lombardi C. Amino acids and derivatives, a new treatment of chronic heart failure? Heart Fail Rev 2015; 20:39-51. [PMID: 24925377 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-014-9436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids play a key role in multiple cellular processes. Amino acids availability is reduced in patients with heart failure (HF) with deleterious consequences on cardiac and whole-body metabolism. Several metabolic abnormalities have been identified in the failing heart, and many of them lead to an increased need of amino acids. Recently, several clinical trials have been conducted to demonstrate the benefits of amino acids supplementation in patients with HF. Although they have shown an improvement of exercise tolerance and, in some cases, of left ventricular function, they have many limitations, namely small sample size, differences in patients' characteristics and nutritional supplementations, and lack of data regarding outcomes. Moreover recent data suggest that a multi-nutritional approach, including also antioxidants, vitamins, and metals, may be more effective. Larger trials are needed to ascertain safety, efficacy, and impact on prognosis of such an approach in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Carubelli
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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39
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Grevengoed TJ, Cooper DE, Young PA, Ellis JM, Coleman RA. Loss of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoform 1 impairs cardiac autophagy and mitochondrial structure through mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 activation. FASEB J 2015. [PMID: 26220174 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Because hearts with a temporally induced knockout of acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (Acsl1(T-/-)) are virtually unable to oxidize fatty acids, glucose use increases 8-fold to compensate. This metabolic switch activates mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which initiates growth by increasing protein and RNA synthesis and fatty acid metabolism, while decreasing autophagy. Compared with controls, Acsl1(T-/-) hearts contained 3 times more mitochondria with abnormal structure and displayed a 35-43% lower respiratory function. To study the effects of mTORC1 activation on mitochondrial structure and function, mTORC1 was inhibited by treating Acsl1(T-/-) and littermate control mice with rapamycin or vehicle alone for 2 wk. Rapamycin treatment normalized mitochondrial structure, number, and the maximal respiration rate in Acsl1(T-/-) hearts, but did not improve ADP-stimulated oxygen consumption, which was likely caused by the 33-51% lower ATP synthase activity present in both vehicle- and rapamycin-treated Acsl1(T-/-) hearts. The turnover of microtubule associated protein light chain 3b in Acsl1(T-/-) hearts was 88% lower than controls, indicating a diminished rate of autophagy. Rapamycin treatment increased autophagy to a rate that was 3.1-fold higher than in controls, allowing the formation of autophagolysosomes and the clearance of damaged mitochondria. Thus, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoform 1 (ACSL1) deficiency in the heart activated mTORC1, thereby inhibiting autophagy and increasing the number of damaged mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha J Grevengoed
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel E Cooper
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pamela A Young
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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40
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Davogustto G, Taegtmeyer H. The changing landscape of cardiac metabolism. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 84:129-32. [PMID: 25937535 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Davogustto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Kundu BK, Zhong M, Sen S, Davogustto G, Keller SR, Taegtmeyer H. Remodeling of glucose metabolism precedes pressure overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy: review of a hypothesis. Cardiology 2015; 130:211-20. [PMID: 25791172 DOI: 10.1159/000369782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
When subjected to pressure overload, the ventricular myocardium shifts from fatty acids to glucose as its main source for energy provision and frequently increases its mass. Here, we review the evidence in support of the concept that metabolic remodeling, measured as an increased myocardial glucose uptake using dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose analogue 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG), precedes the onset of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure. Consistent with this, early intervention with propranolol, which attenuates glucose uptake, prevents the maladaptive metabolic response and preserves cardiac function in vivo. We also review ex vivo studies suggesting a link between dysregulated myocardial glucose metabolism, intracellular accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and contractile dysfunction of the heart. G6P levels correlate with activation of mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This sequence of events could be prevented by pretreatment with rapamycin (mTOR inhibition) or metformin (enzyme 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase activation). In conclusion, we propose that metabolic imaging with FDG PET may provide a novel approach to guide the treatment of patients with hypertension-induced LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy K Kundu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., USA
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Schisler JC, Grevengoed TJ, Pascual F, Cooper DE, Ellis JM, Paul DS, Willis MS, Patterson C, Jia W, Coleman RA. Cardiac energy dependence on glucose increases metabolites related to glutathione and activates metabolic genes controlled by mechanistic target of rapamycin. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:jah3872. [PMID: 25713290 PMCID: PMC4345858 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Long chain acyl‐CoA synthetases (ACSL) catalyze long‐chain fatty acids (FA) conversion to acyl‐CoAs. Temporal ACSL1 inactivation in mouse hearts (Acsl1H−/−) impaired FA oxidation and dramatically increased glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, and mTOR activation, resulting in cardiac hypertrophy. We used unbiased metabolomics and gene expression analyses to elucidate the cardiac cellular response to increased glucose use in a genetic model of inactivated FA oxidation. Methods and Results Metabolomics analysis identified 60 metabolites altered in Acsl1H−/− hearts, including 6 related to glucose metabolism and 11 to cysteine and glutathione pathways. Concurrently, global cardiac transcriptional analysis revealed differential expression of 568 genes in Acsl1H−/− hearts, a subset of which we hypothesized were targets of mTOR; subsequently, we measured the transcriptional response of several genes after chronic mTOR inhibition via rapamycin treatment during the period in which cardiac hypertrophy develops. Hearts from Acsl1H−/− mice increased expression of several Hif1α‐responsive glycolytic genes regulated by mTOR; additionally, expression of Scl7a5, Gsta1/2, Gdf15, and amino acid‐responsive genes, Fgf21, Asns, Trib3, Mthfd2, were strikingly increased by mTOR activation. Conclusions The switch from FA to glucose use causes mTOR‐dependent alterations in cardiac metabolism. We identified cardiac mTOR‐regulated genes not previously identified in other cellular models, suggesting heart‐specific mTOR signaling. Increased glucose use also changed glutathione‐related pathways and compensation by mTOR. The hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and metabolic changes that occur within the heart when glucose supplants FA as a major energy source suggest that substrate switching to glucose is not entirely benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Schisler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (J.C.S., C.P.)
| | - Trisha J Grevengoed
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - Florencia Pascual
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - Daniel E Cooper
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - David S Paul
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.S.W.)
| | - Cam Patterson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (J.C.S., C.P.)
| | - Wei Jia
- Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC (W.J.)
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
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Roberts DJ, Miyamoto S. Hexokinase II integrates energy metabolism and cellular protection: Akting on mitochondria and TORCing to autophagy. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:248-57. [PMID: 25323588 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that metabolic and cell survival pathways are closely related, sharing common signaling molecules. Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose, the rate-limiting first step of glycolysis. Hexokinase II (HK-II) is a predominant isoform in insulin-sensitive tissues such as heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues. It is also upregulated in many types of tumors associated with enhanced aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells, the Warburg effect. In addition to the fundamental role in glycolysis, HK-II is increasingly recognized as a component of a survival signaling nexus. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the protective role of HK-II, controlling cellular growth, preventing mitochondrial death pathway and enhancing autophagy, with a particular focus on the interaction between HK-II and Akt/mTOR pathway to integrate metabolic status with the control of cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
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44
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Taegtmeyer H, Lubrano G. Rethinking cardiac metabolism: metabolic cycles to refuel and rebuild the failing heart. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2014; 6:90. [PMID: 25374668 PMCID: PMC4191265 DOI: 10.12703/p6-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The heart is a self-renewing biological pump that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy. The entire process of energy conversion is subject to complex regulation at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. Within this system, energy transfer occurs with high efficiency, facilitated by a series of compound-conserved cycles. At the same time, the constituent myocardial proteins themselves are continuously made and degraded in order to adjust to changes in energy demand and changes in the extracellular environment. We recently have identified signals arising from intermediary metabolism that regulate the cycle of myocardial protein turnover. Using a new conceptual framework, we discuss the principle of metabolic cycles and their importance for refueling and for rebuilding the failing heart.
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Pelicano H, Zhang W, Liu J, Hammoudi N, Dai J, Xu RH, Pusztai L, Huang P. Mitochondrial dysfunction in some triple-negative breast cancer cell lines: role of mTOR pathway and therapeutic potential. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:434. [PMID: 25209360 PMCID: PMC4303115 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of highly malignant breast cancer with poor prognosis. TNBC is not amenable to endocrine therapy and often exhibit resistance to current chemotherapeutic agents, therefore, further understanding of the biological properties of these cancer cells and development of effective therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. METHODS We first investigated the metabolic alterations in TNBC cells in comparison with other subtypes of breast cancer cells using molecular and metabolic analyses. We further demonstrated that targeting these alterations using specific inhibitors and siRNA approach could render TNBC cells more sensitive to cell death compared to other breast cancer subtypes. RESULTS We found that TNBC cells compared to estrogen receptor (ER) positive cells possess special metabolic characteristics manifested by high glucose uptake, increased lactate production, and low mitochondrial respiration which is correlated with attenuation of mTOR pathway and decreased expression of p70S6K. Re-expression of p70S6K in TNBC cells reverses their glycolytic phenotype to an active oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) state, while knockdown of p70S6K in ER positive cells leads to suppression of mitochondrial OXPHOS. Furthermore, lower OXPHOS activity in TNBC cells renders them highly dependent on glycolysis and the inhibition of glycolysis is highly effective in targeting TNBC cells despite their resistance to other anticancer agents. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that TNBC cells have profound metabolic alterations characterized by decreased mitochondrial respiration and increased glycolysis. Due to their impaired mitochondrial function, TNBC cells are highly sensitive to glycolytic inhibition, suggesting that such metabolic intervention may be an effective therapeutic strategy for this subtype of breast cancer cells.
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Xu C, Hu Y, Hou L, Ju J, Li X, Du N, Guan X, Liu Z, Zhang T, Qin W, Shen N, Bilal MU, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Shan H. β-Blocker carvedilol protects cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by up-regulating miR-133 expression. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 75:111-21. [PMID: 25066695 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a causal factor and key promoter of a variety of cardiovascular diseases associated with apoptotic cell death by causing deregulation of related genes. Though carvedilol, a β-adrenergic blocker, has been shown to produce cytoprotective effects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study was designed to investigate whether the beneficial effects of carvedilol are related to microRNAs which have emerged as critical players in cardiovascular pathophysiology via post-transcriptional regulation of protein-coding genes. In vivo, we demonstrated that carvedilol ameliorated impaired cardiac function of infarct rats and restored miR-133 expression. In vitro, carvedilol protected cardiomyocytes from H2O2 induced apoptosis detected by TUNEL staining and MTT assays, and increased miR-133 expression in cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of miR-133, a recognized anti-apoptotic miRNA, produced similar effects to carvedilol: reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increment of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level, so as to protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by downregulating caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression in the presence of H2O2. Transfection with AMO-133 (antisense inhibitor oligodeoxyribonucleotides) alone abolished the beneficial effects of carvedilol. Caspase-9-specific inhibitor z-LEHD-fmk, caspase-3-specific inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk, caspase-9 siRNA and caspase-3 siRNA were used to establish caspase-3 as a downstream target of miR-133. In conclusion, our data indicated that carvedilol protected cardiomyocytes by increasing miR-133 expression and suppressing caspase-9 and subsequent apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liangyu Hou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin Ju
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ning Du
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhenhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianze Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nannan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Muhammad U Bilal
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hongli Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Paul DS, Grevengoed TJ, Pascual F, Ellis JM, Willis MS, Coleman RA. Deficiency of cardiac Acyl-CoA synthetase-1 induces diastolic dysfunction, but pathologic hypertrophy is reversed by rapamycin. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:880-7. [PMID: 24631848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In mice with temporally-induced cardiac-specific deficiency of acyl-CoA synthetase-1 (Acsl1(H-/-)), the heart is unable to oxidize long-chain fatty acids and relies primarily on glucose for energy. These metabolic changes result in the development of both a spontaneous cardiac hypertrophy and increased phosphorylated S6 kinase (S6K), a substrate of the mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR. Doppler echocardiography revealed evidence of significant diastolic dysfunction, indicated by a reduced E/A ratio and increased mean performance index, although the deceleration time and the expression of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase and phospholamban showed no difference between genotypes. To determine the role of mTOR in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, we treated Acsl1(H-/-) mice with rapamycin. Six to eight week old Acsl1(H-/-) mice and their littermate controls were given i.p. tamoxifen to eliminate cardiac Acsl1, then concomitantly treated for 10weeks with i.p. rapamycin or vehicle alone. Rapamycin completely blocked the enhanced ventricular S6K phosphorylation and cardiac hypertrophy and attenuated the expression of hypertrophy-associated fetal genes, including α-skeletal actin and B-type natriuretic peptide. mTOR activation of the related Acsl3 gene, usually associated with pathologic hypertrophy, was also attenuated in the Acsl1(H-/-) hearts, indicating that alternative pathways of fatty acid activation did not compensate for the loss of Acsl1. Compared to controls, Acsl1(H-/-) hearts exhibited an 8-fold higher uptake of 2-deoxy[1-(14)C]glucose and a 35% lower uptake of the fatty acid analog 2-bromo[1-(14)C]palmitate. These data indicate that Acsl1-deficiency causes diastolic dysfunction and that mTOR activation is linked to the development of cardiac hypertrophy in Acsl1(H-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Paul
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | | | - Florencia Pascual
- Department of Nutrition, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Nutrition, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
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Parra V, Verdejo HE, Iglewski M, del Campo A, Troncoso R, Jones D, Zhu Y, Kuzmicic J, Pennanen C, Lopez‑Crisosto C, Jaña F, Ferreira J, Noguera E, Chiong M, Bernlohr DA, Klip A, Hill JA, Rothermel BA, Abel ED, Zorzano A, Lavandero S. Insulin stimulates mitochondrial fusion and function in cardiomyocytes via the Akt-mTOR-NFκB-Opa-1 signaling pathway. Diabetes 2014; 63:75-88. [PMID: 24009260 PMCID: PMC3868041 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin regulates heart metabolism through the regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Studies have indicated that insulin can also regulate mitochondrial function. Relevant to this idea, mitochondrial function is impaired in diabetic individuals. Furthermore, the expression of Opa-1 and mitofusins, proteins of the mitochondrial fusion machinery, is dramatically altered in obese and insulin-resistant patients. Given the role of insulin in the control of cardiac energetics, the goal of this study was to investigate whether insulin affects mitochondrial dynamics in cardiomyocytes. Confocal microscopy and the mitochondrial dye MitoTracker Green were used to obtain three-dimensional images of the mitochondrial network in cardiomyocytes and L6 skeletal muscle cells in culture. Three hours of insulin treatment increased Opa-1 protein levels, promoted mitochondrial fusion, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated both intracellular ATP levels and oxygen consumption in cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, the silencing of Opa-1 or Mfn2 prevented all the metabolic effects triggered by insulin. We also provide evidence indicating that insulin increases mitochondrial function in cardiomyocytes through the Akt-mTOR-NFκB signaling pathway. These data demonstrate for the first time in our knowledge that insulin acutely regulates mitochondrial metabolism in cardiomyocytes through a mechanism that depends on increased mitochondrial fusion, Opa-1, and the Akt-mTOR-NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Hugo E. Verdejo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Myriam Iglewski
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Andrea del Campo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Deborah Jones
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yi Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jovan Kuzmicic
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Pennanen
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Lopez‑Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Jaña
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Ferreira
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A. Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota: Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Amira Klip
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Beverly A. Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Evan Dale Abel
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Programa de Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kolwicz SC, Purohit S, Tian R. Cardiac metabolism and its interactions with contraction, growth, and survival of cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2013; 113:603-16. [PMID: 23948585 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.302095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The network for cardiac fuel metabolism contains intricate sets of interacting pathways that result in both ATP-producing and non-ATP-producing end points for each class of energy substrates. The most salient feature of the network is the metabolic flexibility demonstrated in response to various stimuli, including developmental changes and nutritional status. The heart is also capable of remodeling the metabolic pathways in chronic pathophysiological conditions, which results in modulations of myocardial energetics and contractile function. In a quest to understand the complexity of the cardiac metabolic network, pharmacological and genetic tools have been engaged to manipulate cardiac metabolism in a variety of research models. In concert, a host of therapeutic interventions have been tested clinically to target substrate preference, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial function. In addition, the contribution of cellular metabolism to growth, survival, and other signaling pathways through the production of metabolic intermediates has been increasingly noted. In this review, we provide an overview of the cardiac metabolic network and highlight alterations observed in cardiac pathologies as well as strategies used as metabolic therapies in heart failure. Lastly, the ability of metabolic derivatives to intersect growth and survival are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Kolwicz
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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50
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Sen S, Kundu BK, Wu HCJ, Hashmi SS, Guthrie P, Locke LW, Roy RJ, Matherne GP, Berr SS, Terwelp M, Scott B, Carranza S, Frazier OH, Glover DK, Dillmann WH, Gambello MJ, Entman ML, Taegtmeyer H. Glucose regulation of load-induced mTOR signaling and ER stress in mammalian heart. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e004796. [PMID: 23686371 PMCID: PMC3698799 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.004796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in energy substrate metabolism are first responders to hemodynamic stress in the heart. We have previously shown that hexose-6-phosphate levels regulate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation in response to insulin. We now tested the hypothesis that inotropic stimulation and increased afterload also regulate mTOR activation via glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) accumulation. METHODS AND RESULTS We subjected the working rat heart ex vivo to a high workload in the presence of different energy-providing substrates including glucose, glucose analogues, and noncarbohydrate substrates. We observed an association between G6P accumulation, mTOR activation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and impaired contractile function, all of which were prevented by pretreating animals with rapamycin (mTOR inhibition) or metformin (AMPK activation). The histone deacetylase inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate, which relieves ER stress, also improved contractile function. In contrast, adding the glucose analogue 2-deoxy-d-glucose, which is phosphorylated but not further metabolized, to the perfusate resulted in mTOR activation and contractile dysfunction. Next we tested our hypothesis in vivo by transverse aortic constriction in mice. Using a micro-PET system, we observed enhanced glucose tracer analog uptake and contractile dysfunction preceding dilatation of the left ventricle. In contrast, in hearts overexpressing SERCA2a, ER stress was reduced and contractile function was preserved with hypertrophy. Finally, we examined failing human hearts and found that mechanical unloading decreased G6P levels and ER stress markers. CONCLUSIONS We propose that glucose metabolic changes precede and regulate functional (and possibly also structural) remodeling of the heart. We implicate a critical role for G6P in load-induced mTOR activation and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraj Sen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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