1
|
Thakore NL, Lan M, Winkel AF, Vieira DL, Kang SK. Best Practices: Burnout Is More Than Binary. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2024. [PMID: 39016454 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.24.31111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Burnout among radiologists is increasingly prevalent, with potential for substantial negative impact on physician well-being, care delivery, and health outcomes. To evaluate this phenomenon using reliable and accurate means, validated quantitative instruments are essential. Variation in measurement can contribute to wide-ranging findings. This article evaluates radiologist burnout rates globally and dimensions of burnout as reported using different validated instruments and provide guidance on best practices to characterize burnout. Fifty-seven studies between 1990 and 2023 were included in a systematic review, and 43 studies were included in a meta-analysis of burnout prevalence using random effects models. Reported burnout ranged from 5% to 85%. With the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), burnout prevalence varied significantly depending on instrument version. Among MBI subcategories, the prevalence of emotional exhaustion was 54% (95% CI, 45-63%), depersonalization was 52% (95% CI, 41-63%), and low personal accomplishment was 36% (95% CI, 27-47%). Other validated burnout instruments showed less heterogeneous results; studies using the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index yielded burnout prevalence of 39% (95% CI, 34-45%), whereas the Validated Single-Item instrument yielded 34% (95% CI, 29-39%). Standardized instruments for prevalence alongside multidimensional profiles capturing experiences may better characterize radiologist burnout, including change over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Lan
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Dorice L Vieira
- Health Sciences Library, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Stella K Kang
- Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tembelis M, Patlas MN, Katz DS, Revzin MV. The Second Mountain: Climbing the Challenges of Midcareer Radiology. J Am Coll Radiol 2024; 21:827-835. [PMID: 37844656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
A radiologist's career can be divided into the early, middle, and late phases. The midcareer phase is a particularly difficult period and has the highest rate of burnout among radiologists. Often throughout the early phase of a radiologist's career, during residency, fellowship, and while a junior faculty member, there is an abundance of support to help in personal and professional growth, but this support often wanes as radiologists gain seniority. Unfortunately, this often leaves midcareer radiologists feeling forgotten, or "invisible." This lack of support can lead to burnout, decreased job satisfaction, and premature departure from the workforce. The purpose of this review is to bring to light the challenges, such as higher rates of burnout and career stagnation, in addition to the lack of emphasis placed on midcareer mentorship, sponsorship, and career development programs, facing radiologists while climbing the "second mountain" of their career, as well as to provide potential individual and institutional interventions to combat these challenges. In addition, emphasis will be placed on the difficulties experienced by midcareer female radiologists, whose challenges are particularly problematic and to our knowledge have received little attention in the imaging literature to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miltiadis Tembelis
- Medical Student Liaison, Department of Radiology, New York University Langone-Long Island, Mineola, New York; and Executive Committee, Long Island Radiology Society.
| | - Michael N Patlas
- Professor and Chair, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas S Katz
- Professor of Radiology and Vice Chair for Research, Department of Radiology, New York University Langone-Long Island, Mineola, New York; and Co-Director, Emergency Radiology Course, ACR Education Center
| | - Margarita V Revzin
- Associate Professor of Diagnostic Radiology, Emergency Radiology Fellowship Program Director, and Educational Director Emergency Radiology, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Chair, Economics Committee, Subcommittee on Ultrasound
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hassankhani A, Amoukhteh M, Valizadeh P, Jannatdoust P, Ghadimi DJ, Sabeghi P, Gholamrezanezhad A. A Meta-analysis of Burnout in Radiology Trainees and Radiologists: Insights From the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:1198-1216. [PMID: 37980223 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Burnout, stemming from chronic work stress, is a significant issue in the medical field, especially among radiologists. It leads to compromised patient care and reduced job satisfaction. Addressing burnout in radiology is essential for the well-being of radiologists and, in turn, for improving patient care. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and dimensions of burnout among radiology trainees (RTs) and practicing radiologists (PRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with established guidelines. The search encompassed PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to June 20, 2023. Eligible studies that assessed the rate of burnout syndrome and/or its subscales, including depersonalization (DP), emotional exhaustion (EE), and personal accomplishment (PA), among RTs and/or PRs using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), were included. Relevant data were extracted and analyzed using R and STATA. RESULTS Among the 22 included studies, the pooled rates of positive MBI subscales for RTs and PRs were as follows: 54.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.8%-65.1%, I2 = 95.2%) for DP, 57.2% (95% CI: 48.7%-65.4%, I2 = 92.9%) for EE, and 38.6% (95% CI: 27%-51.7%, I2 = 95.5%) for low PA. The pooled rate indicating the presence of at least one positive MBI subscale was 82.9% (95% CI: 79.2%-86.1%, I2 = 57.4%). For two or more positive MBI subscales, the pooled rate was 55.5% (95% CI: 49.7%-61.3%, I2 = 60.2%), and for three positive MBI subscales, it was 16.7% (95% CI: 11.7%-23.3%, I2 = 82.7%). CONCLUSION This study emphasizes a notable prevalence of burnout in the radiology specialty, with 8 of 10 individuals exhibiting positive results in at least one MBI subscale. This highlights the urgent need for interventions and support systems to protect the well-being of both trainees and practitioners and uphold the quality of patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hassankhani
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California (A.H., M.A., P.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.H., M.A.)
| | - Melika Amoukhteh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California (A.H., M.A., P.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.H., M.A.)
| | - Parya Valizadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (P.V.)
| | - Payam Jannatdoust
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (P.V.)
| | - Delaram J Ghadimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (D.J.G.)
| | - Paniz Sabeghi
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California (A.H., M.A., P.S., A.G.)
| | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California (A.H., M.A., P.S., A.G.).
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu H, Shahi N, Robert SC, Supersad A, Anishchenko A, Lebel K, Dobson JL, Patlas MN. Characterizing the Variety of Call Structures Across Canadian Diagnostic Radiology Postgraduate Medical Education Programs. Can Assoc Radiol J 2024; 75:187-190. [PMID: 37312499 DOI: 10.1177/08465371231182415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- Radiology Resident, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Niharika Shahi
- Radiology Resident, McMaster University, Hamilton ON Canada
| | | | - Alanna Supersad
- Radiology Resident, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Kiana Lebel
- Radiology Resident, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Michael N Patlas
- Attending Radiologist, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wan Z, Tang J, Bai X, Cao Y, Zhang D, Su T, Zhou Y, Qiao L, Shen K, Wang L, Tian X, Wang J. Burnout among radiology residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:1399-1407. [PMID: 37589905 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of burnout among radiology residents. METHOD Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were searched for studies reporting burnout in radiology residents for the period up to November 7, 2022. RESULTS A total of 423 studies were identified, and eventually, 16 studies were selected for the qualitative analysis, of which 11 studies were used in the meta-analysis. There was a total of 2164 radiology residents. Six studies reported the prevalence of burnout but the data could not be pooled due to their inconsistent definitions of burnout. The mean scores of three burnout subscales indicated a moderate to high degree of severity: emotional exhaustion = 25.2 (95% CI, 22.1-28.3; I2 = 94.4%), depersonalization = 10.2 (95% CI, 8.5-11.9; I2 = 93.0%), and low perception of personal accomplishment = 32.9 (95% CI, 30.5-35.4; I2 = 94.4%). The pooled prevalence of high-degree emotional exhaustion was 49.9% (95% CI, 43.6-56.1%; I2 = 55.7%), high-degree depersonalization was 45.1% (95% CI, 38.3-52.0%; I2 = 63.2%), and high-degree diminished personal accomplishment was 58.2% (95% CI, 36.0-77.6%; I2 = 84.9%). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology residents was not investigated. In addition, there are inconsistent findings on the effects of female sex, seniority, and social support on burnout. CONCLUSIONS About half of the radiology residents showed at least one of the three burnout manifestations (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment), with a moderate to high degree of severity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Such a high prevalence and severity of burnout among radiology residents warrant the attention of residency program directors. KEY POINTS • Burnout, not uncommon among radiology residents, has not been effectively analyzed. • Nearly half of the radiology residents experience at least one of the three manifestations of burnout to a moderate to high degree. • The high prevalence and severe degree of burnout among radiology residents warrant the attention of residency program directors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Eight-year program, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jieying Tang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyin Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yihan Cao
- Department of Radiology, Mass General Brigham Salem Hospital, 81 Highland Avenue, Salem, MA, 01970, USA
| | - Dingding Zhang
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yangzhong Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Qiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kaini Shen
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinlun Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinglan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fawzy NA, Tahir MJ, Saeed A, Ghosheh MJ, Alsheikh T, Ahmed A, Lee KY, Yousaf Z. Incidence and factors associated with burnout in radiologists: A systematic review. Eur J Radiol Open 2023; 11:100530. [PMID: 37920681 PMCID: PMC10618688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2023.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objectives Burnout among physicians has a prevalence rate exceeding 50%. The radiology department is not immune to the burnout epidemic. Understanding and addressing burnout among radiologists has been a subject of recent interest. Thus, our study aims to systematically review studies reporting the prevalence of burnout in physicians in the radiology department while providing an overview of the factors associated with burnout among radiologists. Materials and methods The search was conducted from inception until November 13th, 2022, in PubMed, Embase, Education Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, and psycArticles. Studies reporting the prevalence of burnout or any subdimensions among radiology physicians, including residents, fellows, consultants, and attendings, were included. Data on study characteristics and estimates of burnout syndrome or any of its subdimensions were collected and summarized. Results After screening 6379 studies, 23 studies from seven countries were eligible. The number of participants ranged from 26 to 460 (median, 162; interquartile range, 91-264). In all, 18 studies (78.3%) employed a form of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. In comparison, four studies (17.4%) used the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index, and one study (4.3%) used a single-item measure derived from the Zero Burnout Program survey. Overall burnout prevalence estimates were reported by 14 studies (60.9%) and varied from 33% to 88%. High burnout prevalence estimates were reported by only five studies (21.7%) and ranged from 5% to 62%. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization prevalence estimates were reported by 16 studies (69.6%) and ranged from 11%-100% and 4%-97%, respectively. Furthermore, 15 studies (65.2%) reported low personal accomplishment prevalence, ranging from 14.7% to 84%. There were at least seven definitions for overall burnout and high burnout among the included studies, and there was high heterogeneity among the cutoff scores used for the burnout subdimensions. Conclusion Burnout in radiology is increasing globally, with prevalence estimates reaching 88% and 62% for overall and high burnout, respectively. A myriad of factors has been identified as contributing to the increased prevalence. Our data demonstrated significant variability in burnout prevalence estimates among radiologists and major disparities in burnout criteria, instrument tools, and study quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader A. Fawzy
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Junaid Tahir
- Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center (PKLI & RC), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Saeed
- Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center (PKLI & RC), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Tamara Alsheikh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ka Yiu Lee
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Clements W, So J, Koukounaras J, Lau G, Lukies MW. Research output of radiologists in Australia and New Zealand: Strengths, weaknesses and future directions. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2023; 67:697-702. [PMID: 37302986 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical radiology is a popular career. However, academic radiology in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) has not traditionally been a strength of the specialty which has a focus on clinical medicine and has been influenced by corporatisation of the specialty. The aim of this study was to review the source(s) of radiologist-led research in Australia and New Zealand, to identify areas of relative deficiency and propose plans to improve research output. METHODS A manual search was performed of all manuscripts in seven popular ANZ journals, where the corresponding or senior author was a radiologist. Publications between January 2017 and April 2022 were included. RESULTS There were 285 manuscripts from ANZ radiologists during the study period. This equates to 10.7 manuscripts per 100 radiologists based on RANZCR census data. Radiologists in Northern Territory, Victoria, Western Australia, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory all produced manuscripts above the corrected mean incidence rate of 10.7 manuscripts per 100 radiologists. However, locations including Tasmania, New South Wales, New Zealand and Queensland were below the mean. The majority of manuscripts arose from public teaching hospitals with accredited trainees (86%), and there were a higher proportion of manuscripts published by female radiologists (11.5 compared to 10.4 per 100 radiologists). CONCLUSION Radiologists in ANZ are academically active; however, interventions aimed at increasing output could be targeted at certain locations and/or areas within a busy private sector. Time, culture, infrastructure and research support are vital, but personal motivation is also extremely important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warren Clements
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Trauma Research Institute, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne So
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jim Koukounaras
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabes Lau
- Radiology Department, Dunedin Public Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Matthew W Lukies
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oprisan A, Baettig-Arriagada E, Baeza-Delgado C, Martí-Bonmatí L. Prevalence of burnout syndrome in Spanish radiologists. RADIOLOGIA 2023; 65:307-314. [PMID: 37516484 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The primary objective was to analyze the prevalence and degree of professional burnout in radiologists in Spain. Secondary objectives were to identify possible factors that increase or decrease the risk of burnout to enable preventive and corrective measures, decrease the stress associated with this condition, and thereby increase radiologists' performance and satisfaction at work. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional observational study used a voluntary, anonymous online survey of attending radiologists and residents through Google Forms®. The survey was structured into three sections: a qualitative assessment of the degree of professional burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), a series of sociodemographic and work-related questions, and a final section centered on possible causes of stress and improvements to the working environment. The results of the survey were analyzed statistically to determine which variables were associated with burnout syndrome as well as to identify possible risk factors and protective factors. RESULTS After disseminating the survey through social networks and email contacts, we received a total of 226 responses (175 from attending radiologists and 51 from residents; 52% men; mean age, 41 ± 11 years; age range, 25-68). The prevalence of the syndrome was 33%, without significant differences between attending radiologists and residents. No risk factors associated with burnout were identified. Teaching in the workplace was the only protective factor. CONCLUSIONS One-third of the respondents had burnout syndrome. Because the consequences of this syndrome can affect professionals' personal life and their ability to do their jobs, early detection and intervention should be prioritized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Oprisan
- Área Clínica de Imagen Médica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - E Baettig-Arriagada
- Área Clínica de Imagen Médica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Baeza-Delgado
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Imagen (GIBI230), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Martí-Bonmatí
- Área Clínica de Imagen Médica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Imagen (GIBI230), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Académico de Número de la Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de España, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gabelloni M, Faggioni L, Fusco R, De Muzio F, Danti G, Grassi F, Grassi R, Palumbo P, Bruno F, Borgheresi A, Bruno A, Catalano O, Gandolfo N, Giovagnoni A, Miele V, Barile A, Granata V. Exploring Radiologists' Burnout in the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3350. [PMID: 36834044 PMCID: PMC9966123 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Since its beginning in March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has claimed an exceptionally high number of victims and brought significant disruption to the personal and professional lives of millions of people worldwide. Among medical specialists, radiologists have found themselves at the forefront of the crisis due to the pivotal role of imaging in the diagnostic and interventional management of COVID-19 pneumonia and its complications. Because of the disruptive changes related to the COVID-19 outbreak, a proportion of radiologists have faced burnout to several degrees, resulting in detrimental effects on their working activities and overall wellbeing. This paper aims to provide an overview of the literature exploring the issue of radiologists' burnout in the COVID-19 era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Gabelloni
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Faggioni
- Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Medical Oncology Division, Igea SpA, 80013 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica De Muzio
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences V. Tiberio, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Ginevra Danti
- Department of Emergency Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology, SIRM Foundation, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Grassi
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Grassi
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Palumbo
- Area of Cardiovascular and Interventional Imaging, Abruzzo Health Unit 1, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Federico Bruno
- Area of Cardiovascular and Interventional Imaging, Abruzzo Health Unit 1, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandra Borgheresi
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital “Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria delle Marche”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bruno
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital “Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria delle Marche”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Orlando Catalano
- Department of Radiology, Istituto Diagnostico Varelli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Gandolfo
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Villa Scassi Hospital-ASL 3, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Giovagnoni
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital “Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria delle Marche”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Vittorio Miele
- Department of Emergency Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology, SIRM Foundation, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Barile
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Granata
- Division of Radiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale—IRCCS di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Burnout is a healthcare concern affecting physicians around the world. Physicians experiencing burnout tend to display signs of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment. Ongoing burnout trends have posed numerous challenges to Canadian physicians, notwithstanding the added complexity of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact in recent years. In particular, Canadian radiologists frequently reported experiencing high rates of burnout. This review aims to examine prominent factors affecting burnout in Canadian radiologists and summarize the impact of recent trends. In doing so, the overall wellbeing of Canadian radiologists can be assessed, and strategies for improvement can be discussed as the Canadian healthcare system prepares for new challenges of increasing demand and pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Cao
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Casey Hurrell
- Canadian Association of Radiologists, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael N Patlas
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Romano D, Weiser N, Santiago C, Sinclair C, Beswick S, Espiritu R, Bellicoso D. An organizational approach to improve staff resiliency and wellness during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2022; 53:S93-S99. [PMID: 35850924 PMCID: PMC9250894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare worker burnout is a well-established phenomenon known to affect an individual's mental state, and has been shown to be diminished amongst individuals with higher levels of resilience. From a leadership perspective, practices that drive and inspire others to demonstrate resilience and surpass their own expectations fosters a resilient culture and allows employees to view adversity as an opportunity while knowing that support is omnipresent. In this paper, we describe and evaluate the outcomes of a virtual organizational intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed to reduce healthcare staff burnout, and improve their levels of resilience, well-being, and self-compassion. Participants reported the workshops were relevant and provided strategies for wellness that were easy to incorporate into their daily routine. By nurturing one's own personal well-being through resiliency strategies learned in this educational series, staff can enact strategies to care for themselves, which in turn can contribute to organizational wide healthy work environments, improved health system outcomes, and enhanced patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna Romano
- Mission and Values, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natalie Weiser
- Interprofessional Practice Based Research, Interprofessional Practice, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cecilia Santiago
- Nursing Practice and Education, Interprofessional Practice, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chantal Sinclair
- Corporate Health and Safety Services, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan Beswick
- Nursing Practice and Education, Interprofessional Practice, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rosalyn Espiritu
- Nursing Practice and Education, Interprofessional Practice, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniela Bellicoso
- Interprofessional Practice Based Research, Interprofessional Practice, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory among public health care professionals: a scoping review (Preprint). JMIR Ment Health 2022. [PMID: 37477960 PMCID: PMC10403803 DOI: 10.2196/44195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work can be considered a source of living, well-being, and socioeconomic development. When the work environment negatively influences individuals, it may trigger emotional disturbances, behavioral problems, chronic stress conditions, and illnesses such as burnout syndrome (BS). Recently, studies on BS have increased and placed a special focus on health care professionals. The prevalence of BS among health professionals is associated with their chronic exposure to human hardship and long working hours without proper rest. These factors have contributed to greater stress and high physical and emotional exhaustion levels. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify and map studies using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale to identify burnout syndrome in health professionals working in public health services. METHODS This scoping review was developed based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers Manual and reported according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). A total of 6 databases were searched to identify relevant studies: Embase, LILACS, MEDLINE or PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Gray literature was consulted on ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Google Scholar, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and Open Access Theses and Dissertations. Additionally, the reference lists were searched to retrieve studies not previously selected. The steps followed in this study were proposed by Arskey and O'Malley and Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien: identification of research questions, identification of potential studies, study selection, data extraction and imputation, data analyses and interpretation, and consultation with stakeholders. The detailed methodology was published in a protocol. RESULTS A total of 55 articles were identified after screening for eligibility criteria, published between 1999 and 2021 in 32 countries. Most reports were published in Brazil, Spain, and China. A total of 22 versions of the MBI were identified, presenting different items, scores, and cutoff points. The included studies had recommendations and implications for clinical practice. The consultation with stakeholders allowed knowledge translation for those interested in BS. CONCLUSIONS Studies mostly included physicians (34/55, 61.8%) and nurses (24/55, 43.6%), and the original version of MBI was predominantly used. Divergences in BS classification were highlighted, which may be related to MBI cross-cultural adaptations and applications in other countries. This study contributes to the advancement of research regarding burnout syndrome as an occupational illness since it has harmful consequences for workers, health care services, and the quality of care provided to the population.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dowhanik SPD, Schieda N, Patlas MN, Salehi F, van der Pol CB. Doing More With Less: CT and MRI Utilization in Canada 2003-2019. Can Assoc Radiol J 2022; 73:592-594. [PMID: 34892979 DOI: 10.1177/08465371211052012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Schieda
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, 6363The Ottawa Hospital- Civic Campus, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael N Patlas
- 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Fateme Salehi
- 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christian B van der Pol
- 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prevalencia y factores de desgaste profesional en radiólogos durante la pandemia COVID-19. RADIOLOGIA 2022; 64:119-127. [PMID: 35370309 PMCID: PMC8491977 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antecedentes La epidemia por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) se ha extendido por todo el mundo desde principios de 2020, sometiendo a los profesionales sanitarios a una sobrecarga laboral y a un mayor nivel de estrés físico y emocional. Objetivos El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de desgaste profesional y sus posibles factores asociados en los radiólogos españoles durante la COVID-19, y su comparación con la situación previa a la pandemia. Métodos Estudio observacional realizado entre los meses de abril y agosto de 2020 (durante la pandemia) mediante una encuesta en línea. Se obtuvieron un total de 150 respuestas. Se recopiló y comparó la información demográfica y laboral de los encuestados. Se determinó la presencia del desgaste profesional con el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) y se comparó su prevalencia y características con el estudio realizado de la misma manera en 2019. Se hizo un análisis estadístico para identificar los posibles factores de riesgo y protectores asociados con este síndrome, así como un análisis de homogeneidad entre las dos muestras. Resultados La prevalencia del síndrome aumentó de forma significativa (p = 0,002) durante la pandemia COVID-19 (49,3% frente a 33,6%). Ningún factor de riesgo o de protección se ha identificado como constante antes y después de la pandemia. No se ha identificado ninguna correlación del desgaste con las características sociodemográficas o laborales. Conclusión Este estudio demuestra un aumento importante del desgaste profesional durante la pandemia por la COVID-19 con afectación de casi la mitad de los radiólogos encuestados. Estos resultados destacan la necesidad de valorar el apoyo orientado al bienestar profesional de los radiólogos en España. No se ha identificado correlación entre el síndrome y género, edad, número de guardias, antigüedad, ingreso anual, docencia, estado civil, número de hijos o tipo de contrato laboral.
Collapse
|
15
|
Oprisan A, Baettig-Arriagada E, Baeza-Delgado C, Martí-Bonmatí L. Prevalence of burnout syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors. RADIOLOGIA 2022; 64:119-127. [PMID: 35504677 PMCID: PMC9055794 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Oprisan
- Área Clínica de Imagen Médica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - E Baettig-Arriagada
- Área Clínica de Imagen Médica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Baeza-Delgado
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Imagen (GIBI230), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Martí-Bonmatí
- Área Clínica de Imagen Médica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Imagen (GIBI230), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Académico de Número de la Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de España
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qureshi MFH, Mohammad D, Shah SMA, Lakhani M, Shah M, Ayub MH, Sadiq S. Burnout amongst radiologists: A bibliometric study from 1993 to 2020. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:368-378. [PMID: 35317339 PMCID: PMC8900593 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i2.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout amongst radiologists is common in many different institutions and is increasing day by day. To battle burnout, we have to address the root causes already recognized in published literature. Therefore, it is crucial to examine and discern important publications.
AIM To provide evidence-based data and trends related to burnout in radiologists so that researchers can work on it further and develop preventive strategies to overcome this problem.
METHODS Bibliometric analysis conducted by two independent reviewers separately used Scopus Library for data extraction by using medical subject heading and International Classification of Diseases keywords. Forty-nine articles were selected for analysis after an extensive scrutiny. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 was used for analysis. Pearson correlation coefficient, Kruskal Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test were applied.
RESULTS The most productive period with regards to the number of publications was between 2017 and 2019. A total of 160 authors contributed to the topic burnout among radiologists, with an average of 3.26 authors per paper. About 41.68% of the authors were female, whilst 35% of them were first authors. The co-citation analysis by author involved 188 cited authors, 13 of whom were cited at least 70 times. Only six out of forty-nine studies were funded by various government institutions and non-governmental organizations.
CONCLUSION Current analysis casts a spotlight on important trends being witnessed in regard to the mental health of radiologists, including lack of funding for mental health research, narrowing of female vs male citation gap, as well as authorship and citation trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Danish Mohammad
- Medical College, Ziauddin University, Karachi 75000, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Mahira Lakhani
- Medical College, Ziauddin University, Karachi 75000, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muzna Shah
- Medical College, Ziauddin University, Karachi 75000, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Sara Sadiq
- Department of Physiology, CMH Institute of Medical Sciences, Bahawalpur 75000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Radiologist Productivity Analytics: Factors Impacting Abdominal Pelvic CT Exam Reporting Times. J Digit Imaging 2022; 35:87-97. [PMID: 35013824 PMCID: PMC8921423 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-021-00548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose is to determine factors impacting radiologist abdominal pelvic CT exam reporting time. This study was Research Ethics Board approved. Between January 2019 and March 2020, consecutive abdominal pelvic CT exams were documented as structured or unstructured based on application of templates with separate sections for different organs or organ systems. Radiologist reporting location, patient class (inpatient, Emergency Department (ED) patient, outpatient), radiologist fellowship-training, report word count, and radiologist years of experience were documented. Median reporting times were compared using the Wilcoxon Rank-sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and regression analysis. Spearman's rank correlation was used to determine correlation between word count and radiologist experience with reporting time. P < 0.05 is defined statistical significance. A total of 3602 abdominal pelvic CT exam reports completed by 33 radiologists were reviewed, including 1150 outpatient and 2452 inpatient and Emergency Department (ED) cases. 1398 of all reports were structured. Median reporting time for structured and unstructured reports did not differ (P = 0.870). Reports dictated in-house were completed faster than reports dictated remotely (P < 0.001), and reports for inpatients/ED patients were completed faster than for outpatients (P < 0.001). Reporting time differences existed between radiologists (P < 0.001) that were not explained by fellowship training (P = 0.762). Median reporting time had a weak correlation with word count (ρ = 0.355) and almost no correlation with radiologist years of experience (ρ = 0.167), P < 0.001. Abdominal pelvic CT reporting is most efficient when dictations are completed in-house and for high-priority cases; the use of structured templates, radiologist fellowship training, and years of experience have no impact on reporting times.
Collapse
|
18
|
Oprisan A, Baettig-Arriagada E, Baeza-Delgado C, Martí-Bonmatí L. Prevalencia del síndrome de desgaste en radiólogos españoles. RADIOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
19
|
Huynh J, Horne D, Bryce R, Leswick DA. Is Call Karma Real? Resident After-Hours On-Call Imaging at the University of Saskatchewan: An Assessment of Call Volumes Including Inter-Resident Variability. Can Assoc Radiol J 2021; 73:38-48. [PMID: 34227429 DOI: 10.1177/08465371211026310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantify resident caseload during call and determine if there are consistent differences in call volumes for individuals or resident subgroups. METHODS Accession codes for after-hours computed tomography (CT) cases dictated by residents between July 1, 2012 and January 9, 2017 were reviewed. Case volumes by patient visits and body regions scanned were determined and categorized according to time period, year, and individual resident. Mean shift Relative Value Units (RVUs) were calculated by year. Descriptive statistics, linear mixed modeling, and linear regression determined mean values, differences between residents, associations between independent variables and outcomes, and changes over time. Consistent differences between residents were assessed as a measure of good or bad luck / karma on call. RESULTS During this time there were 23,032 patients and 30,766 anatomic regions scanned during 1,652 call shifts among 32 residents. Over the whole period, there were on average 10.6 patients and 14.3 body regions scanned on weekday shifts and 22.3 patients and 29.4 body regions scanned during weekend shifts. Annually, the mean number of patients, body regions, and RVUs scanned per shift increased by an average of 0.2 (1%), 0.4 (2%), and 1.2 (5%) (all p < 0.05) respectively in regression models. There was variability in call experiences, but only 1 resident had a disproportionate number of higher volume calls and fewer lower volume shifts than expected. CONCLUSIONS Annual increases in scan volumes were modest. Although residents' experiences varied, little of this was attributable to consistent personal differences, including luck or call karma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Huynh
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Horne
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon City Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rhonda Bryce
- Clinical Research Support Unit, College of Medicine, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David A Leswick
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sosna J, Pyatigorskaya N, Krestin G, Denton E, Stanislav K, Morozov S, Kumamaru KK, Jankharia B, Mildenberger P, Forster B, Schouman-Clayes E, Bradey A, Akata D, Brkljacic B, Grassi R, Plako A, Papanagiotou H, Maksimović R, Lexa F. International survey on residency programs in radiology: similarities and differences among 17 countries. Clin Imaging 2021; 79:230-234. [PMID: 34119915 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the initiative of the ACR International Economics Committee, a multinational survey was conducted to evaluate radiology residency programs around the world. METHODS A 31-question survey was developed. It included: economic issues, program size and length, resident's activities during daytime and call, academic aspects including syllabus and examinations. Data was tabulated using the forementioned thematic framework and was qualitatively analyzed. RESULTS Responses were received from all 17 countries that were invited to participate (France, Netherlands, Israel, UK, Russia, USA, Japan, India, Germany, Canada, Turkey, Croatia, Serbia, Italy, Ireland, Hungary, and Greece). Residency length varied between 2 and 5 years. The certificate of residency completion is provided by a local hospital [4/17 (23%)], University [6/17 (36%)], National Board [6/17 (36%)], and Ministry of Health [1/17 (6%)]. There was variability among the number of residency programs and residents per program ranging from 15 to 300 programs per nation with a 1-700 residents in each one respectively. Salaries varied significantly and ranged from 8000 to 75,000 USD equivalent. Exams are an integral part of training in all surveyed countries. Length of call varied between 5 and 26 h and the number of monthly calls ranged from 3 to 6. The future of radiology was judged as growing in [12/17 (70%)] countries and stagnant in [5/17 (30%)] countries. DISCUSSION Radiology residency programs worldwide have many similarities. The differences are in the structure of the residency programs. Stagnation and uncertainties need to be addressed to ensure the continued development of the next generation of radiologists. SUMMARY STATEMENT There are many similarities in the academic aims and approach to education and training of radiology residency programs worldwide. The differences are in the structure of the residency programs and payments to individual residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Nadya Pyatigorskaya
- Department of Radiology Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France; Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Krestin
- Department of Radiology Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Erika Denton
- Department of Radiology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, UK
| | - Kim Stanislav
- Radiology Research and Practical Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Peter Mildenberger
- Department of Radiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz Klinik und Poliklinik Radiologie, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bruce Forster
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Adrian Bradey
- Department of Radiology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deniz Akata
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Boris Brkljacic
- Department of Radiology, Dubrava Hospital, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roberto Grassi
- Department of Radiology, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andras Plako
- Department of Radiology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - Frank Lexa
- The Radiology Leadership Institute and Chair of the Commission on Leadership and Practice Development of the American College of Radiology, Reston, VA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sifrig B, Le RT, Chesire D, Hernandez M, Kee-Sampson J, Meyer TE. Exploration of the Relationship Between the Subcomponents of Burnout Throughout Radiology Training. J Am Coll Radiol 2021; 18:647-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
22
|
Le RT, Sifrig B, Hernandez M, Chesire D, Kee-Sampson J, Meyer TE. Predictors Between the Subcomponents of Burnout Among Radiology Trainees. J Am Coll Radiol 2021; 18:654-660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
23
|
Abstract
The past year has been one of unprecedented challenge for the modern world and especially the medical profession. This review explores some of the most impactful topics published in the CARJ during the COVID-19 pandemic including physician wellbeing and burnout, patient safety, and technological innovations including dual energy CT, quantitative imaging and ultra-high frequency ultrasound. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on trainee education is discussed and evidence-based tips for providing value-added care are reviewed. Patient privacy considerations relevant to the development of artificial intelligence applications for medical imaging are explored. These publications in the CARJ demonstrate that although this year has brought adversity, it has also been a harbinger for new and exciting areas of focus in our field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin J Ward
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian B van der Pol
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael N Patlas
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
PURPOSE There is worsening of burnout symptoms experienced by radiologists and trainees. We explored potential factors that exacerbate burnout symptoms observed in the Canadian radiological community and currently available protective factors as next steps for establishing viable solutions for burnout. METHODS An 11-question electronic survey was distributed to Canadian radiologists and trainees through the Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR). Approval from a local ethics board and the CAR were obtained. The survey contained demographics-related questions as well as questions based on common risk factors for burnout. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. RESULTS The survey was distributed to 2200 CAR members, and a response rate of 23.3% was achieved. Most radiologists experienced frequent unexpected high workload with no statistically significant difference by the type of practice. Trainees experienced a statistically significantly (P < .0001) higher frequency of on-call shifts compared to staff radiologists. A statistically significant difference (P < .0001) was observed for perceived threats to career longevity dependent on length of career. Although support mechanisms for radiology were perceived as available, survey commentary suggested inefficiency in their usage and lack of prioritization, which was a trend observed across all types of practice. CONCLUSIONS While there is awareness for radiology needs, changes are required at the workplace level to reduce burnout symptoms at their source. Communication between radiologists and hospital administration, as well as among radiology group members, is key to prioritize radiology needs in our imaging-driven era of health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Zha
- Division of Emergency/Trauma Radiology, Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Neuheimer
- Canadian Association of Radiologists, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael N Patlas
- Division of Emergency/Trauma Radiology, Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kurowecki D, Lee SY, Monteiro S, Finlay K. Resident Physicians' Perceptions of Diagnostic Radiology and the Declining Interest in the Specialty. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:261-270. [PMID: 32089466 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The relative competitiveness of radiology and the number of first-choice applicants to diagnostic radiology have steadily declined over the past decade. The purpose of this study was to identify factors contributing to the declining interest in diagnostic radiology as a career and to explore factors affecting specialty choice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective survey was distributed to resident physicians at a single academic center between July and August 2017. Participants identified factors affecting career choice and evaluated level of agreement with statements regarding radiology using 5-point Likert scales. Higher scores indicated stronger agreement. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-two resident physicians from Canada participated (21.5% response rate): 20 radiology and 132 nonradiology. Of the total, 27% were registered in postgraduate year (PGY) 1, 23% in PGY 2, 15% in PGY 3, 19% in PGY 4, and 16% in PGY 5, or above. Sixty-one percent of the respondents self-reported as female, 34% as male, and 5% as other/unknown. Of those in radiology, 40% self-reported as female, 55% as male, and 5% as other/unknown, compared to 64% female, 31% male, and 5% other/unknown in other specialties. Regardless of specialty, positive clinical/mentoring experiences strongly affected career choice. Radiology residents were attracted to diverse pathology (M = 4.5) and positive staff/resident interactions (M = 4.4). Nonradiology residents were deterred by lack of patient contact (M = 3.9) and dark work environment (M = 3.6). Resident physicians who had applied to radiology were more likely to report positive mentorship during medical school, disagree that technology will replace radiologists, and desire a higher income specialty (Wald = 56.6, p < 0.001). More recent graduates showed a higher level of concern regarding the potential negative impact of technology and outsourcing on the profession (F (3, 189) = 2.6, p = 0.05). Several trainees (21%) considered radiology, but lacked mentorship (52%) and identified job market concerns (29%). CONCLUSION More recent graduates are relatively more concerned about technology replacing radiologists, and radiology applicants have less concern about artificial intelligence replacing radiologists. As positive interactions with radiologists and mentorship are key influencers, our results advocate for early training exposure and reinforcement regarding the positive outlook of the profession.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
PURPOSE The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has swept the globe, with a domino effect on medical education and training. In this study, we surveyed Canadian radiology residents to understand the impact of the pandemic on their residency training, strategies utilized by the residency programs in mitigating those impacts, and factors important to residents in the selection of educational resources on COVID-19. METHODS A 10-item questionnaire was distributed to 460 resident members of the Canadian Association of Radiologists. The survey was open for 2 weeks, with a reminder sent at half-way mark. RESULTS We received 96 responses (response rate: 20.9%). The 4 highest affected domains of training were daytime case volumes (92.4%), daytime schedules (87.4%), internal and external assessments (86.5%), and vacation/travel (83.3%). Virtual teaching rounds (91.7%), change in schedules to allow staying home (78.1%), and virtual/phone readouts (72.9%) were the most utilized strategies by the Canadian radiology residency programs. Overall stress of exposure to the disease was moderate to low (86.5%). A minority of the residents were redeployed (6.2%), although most (68.8%) were on standby for redeployment. Residents preferred published society guidelines (92.3%), review papers (79.3%), video lectures (79.3%), and web tools (76.9%) for learning about COVID-19 imaging manifestations. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various domains of the Canadian radiology residency programs, which has been mitigated by several strategies employed by the training programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devang Odedra
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Baljot S. Chahal
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, WC Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael N. Patlas
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Darras KE, Spouge RJ, de Bruin ABH, Sedlic A, Hague C, Forster BB. Undergraduate Radiology Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Teaching and Learning Strategies [Formula: see text]. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 72:194-200. [PMID: 32749165 DOI: 10.1177/0846537120944821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered how medical education is delivered, worldwide. Didactic sessions have transitioned to electronic/online platforms and clinical teaching opportunities are limited. These changes will affect how radiology is taught to medical students at both the pre-clerkship (ie, year 1 and 2) and clinical (ie, year 3 and 4) levels. In the pre-clerkship learning environment, medical students are typically exposed to radiology through didactic lectures, integrated anatomy laboratories, case-based learning, and ultrasound clinical skills sessions. In the clinical learning environment, medical students primarily shadow radiologists and radiology residents and attend radiology resident teaching sessions. These formats of radiology education, which have been the tenets of the specialty, pose significant challenges during the pandemic. This article reviews how undergraduate radiology education is affected by COVID-19 and explores solutions for teaching and learning based on e-learning and blended learning theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Darras
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rebecca J Spouge
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anique B H de Bruin
- School of Health Professions Education, 5211Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anto Sedlic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cameron Hague
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce B Forster
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Parikh JR, Sun J, Mainiero MB. Prevalence of Burnout in International Breast Radiologists. JOURNAL OF BREAST IMAGING 2020; 2:187. [PMID: 38424975 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Parikh
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Breast Imaging, Houston, TX
| | - Jia Sun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics, Houston, TX
| | - Martha B Mainiero
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Providence, RI
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ferguson C, Low G, Shiau G. Resident physician burnout: insights from a Canadian multispecialty survey. Postgrad Med J 2020; 96:331-338. [PMID: 32123129 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-137314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout results from chronic exposure to stress: comprising emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and a reduced sense of personal achievement (PA). Only a few studies have examined burnout in Canadian residents, and no multispecialty studies using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Health Sciences Survey (MBI-HSS) exist. The purpose of our study is to identify burnout prevalence, contributory factors and solutions. METHODS A prospective 62-item survey, including the 22-item MBI-HSS, was sent to all Alberta residents, with a resident population of 1745. The association between burnout, EE, DP and PA with items in the survey was performed. Continuous data were evaluated using Student's t-test or analysis of variance. Ordinal data were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U test. Nominal data were evaluated using χ2 test. RESULTS Response rate was 41.1% (n=718), with burnout prevalence of 69.4%. 61.6% of residents demonstrated high EE, 47.8% high DP and 29.0% low PA. More hours worked, poor work-life balance, poor service-education balance, poor mental health support, experiencing intimidation/harassment and being unhappy with programme and with career choice were associated with higher burnout (p<0.001). 53.5% of residents experienced intimidation/harassment. Solutions to burnout included improved teaching, improved call/working hours, more wellness days and a change in medicine culture. CONCLUSION High prevalence of burnout in Canadian residents with contributory factors and solutions identified. We hope programmes across the world can use this information to improve the burden of burnout among residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Ferguson
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Low
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gillian Shiau
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ferguson C, Low G, Shiau G. Burnout in Canadian Radiology Residency: A National Assessment of Prevalence and Underlying Contributory Factors. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 71:40-47. [DOI: 10.1177/0846537119885672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine burnout prevalence in Canadian radiology residency and identify contributing factors. Materials and Methods: A prospective 57-item survey, including the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-Health Sciences Survey, was sent to all Canadian radiology residents, with a total resident population of 359. The association between emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal achievement (PA) scores with items in the survey was performed. Continuous data were evaluated using the Student t test for comparing the means between the 2 groups or the analysis of variance test for comparing the means between at least 3 groups. Spearman correlation coefficient was performed when evaluating ordinal categorical data. Results: Response rate is 40.1% (n = 144); 50.7% of residents demonstrate high EE, 48.6% demonstrate high DP, and 35.9% demonstrate low PA. Being unhappy with residency and with radiology as a career is associated with burnout ( P < .001). Age, sex, marital status, and children have no impact on burnout. More hours worked is associated with higher EE ( P = .025) and DP ( P = .004). In all, 47.2% residents experienced intimidation or harassment. Feeling unsupported by staff radiologists is associated with higher EE ( P < .001), higher DP ( P = .001), and lower PA ( P = .008). In all, 45.1% of residents have poor work–life balance, and those residents demonstrate higher EE ( P < .001), higher DP ( P = .006), and lower PA ( P = .01). In all, 25% of residents identify poor education-service balance in their residency, and those residents have higher EE ( P < .001), higher DP ( P = .042), and lower PA ( P = .005). Conclusion: This study demonstrates significant burnout in Canadian radiology residents with major contributory factors identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Ferguson
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Low
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gillian Shiau
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Simon AF, Holmes JH, Schwartz ES. Decreasing radiologist burnout through informatics-based solutions. Clin Imaging 2019; 59:167-171. [PMID: 31821974 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased performance demands have interacted with suboptimal use of technology and contributed to burnout among radiologists. Although the problem of radiologist burnout has been well documented, there is a gap in the literature in terms of how technology can be better utilized to lessen the problem. Informatics-based modifications to existing technology hold the potential to reduce the amount of time radiologists spend on noninterpretive tasks, decrease interruptions, facilitate connections with colleagues, and improve patient care. Examples of successful modifications to technology are presented and discussed in relation to how they contribute to improving workplace engagement among radiologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Simon
- Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States of America
| | - John H Holmes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Erin Simon Schwartz
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Radiologist Burnout Is Not Just Isolated to the United States: Perspectives From Canada. J Am Coll Radiol 2018; 16:121-123. [PMID: 30236858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|