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Tian L, Zhao S, Ding F, Zhang R. ITIH4 reversed the effects of thrombin on VSMCs stiffness via JNK and ERK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2024; 441:114189. [PMID: 39069151 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) is one of the important cell types in artery. VSMCs stiffening may regulate vascular stiffness and contribute to the development of vulnerable plaques. Thrombin, an enzyme in coagulation system, is involved in pathological processes of atherosclerosis. Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4) plays an important role in regulating inflammation and may have cardiovascular protective effect. Therefore, the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying ITIH4-mediated VSMCs stiffening helps to provide new ideas and potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. In this study, we used specific ITIH4 expression vector and siRNA methods to transfect VSMCs. Our results found that ITIH4 expression increased VSMCs stiffness, meanwhile, ITIH4 siRNA decreased VSMCs stiffness. ITIH4 increased acetylated α-tubulin and inhibited ERK1/2 and JNK, but not P38 MAPK. ERK inhibitor (PD98059) or JNK inhibitor (SP600125) treatment increased acetylated α-tubulin expression and cell stiffness in VSMCs. ITIH4 was downregulated by thrombin treatment, ITIH4 partly reversed the effect of thrombin on acetylated α-tubulin and VSMCs stiffness. These results indicated that ITIH4 regulated acetylated α-tubulin expression in VSMCs and was against the effects of thrombin on VSMCs stiffness. JNK and ERK signaling pathways were proved to participate in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Su Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Remex NS, Abdullah CS, Aishwarya R, Kolluru GK, Traylor J, Bhuiyan MAN, Kevil CG, Orr AW, Rom O, Pattillo CB, Bhuiyan MS. Deletion of Sigmar1 leads to increased arterial stiffness and altered mitochondrial respiration resulting in vascular dysfunction. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1386296. [PMID: 38742156 PMCID: PMC11089145 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1386296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Sigmar1 is a ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional protein known for its cardioprotective roles in cardiovascular diseases. While accumulating evidence indicate a critical role of Sigmar1 in cardiac biology, its physiological function in the vasculature remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the expression of Sigmar1 in the vascular wall and assessed its physiological function in the vascular system using global Sigmar1 knockout (Sigmar1-/-) mice. We determined the expression of Sigmar1 in the vascular tissue using immunostaining and biochemical experiments in both human and mouse blood vessels. Deletion of Sigmar1 globally in mice (Sigmar1-/-) led to blood vessel wall reorganizations characterized by nuclei disarray of vascular smooth muscle cells, altered organizations of elastic lamina, and higher collagen fibers deposition in and around the arteries compared to wildtype littermate controls (Wt). Vascular function was assessed in mice using non-invasive time-transit method of aortic stiffness measurement and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the left femoral artery. Sigmar1-/- mice showed a notable increase in arterial stiffness in the abdominal aorta and failed to increase the vessel diameter in response to reactive-hyperemia compared to Wt. This was consistent with reduced plasma and tissue nitric-oxide bioavailability (NOx) and decreased phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the aorta of Sigmar1-/- mice. Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of aorta sections showed accumulation of elongated shaped mitochondria in both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells of Sigmar1-/- mice. In accordance, decreased mitochondrial respirometry parameters were found in ex-vivo aortic rings from Sigmar1 deficient mice compared to Wt controls. These data indicate a potential role of Sigmar1 in maintaining vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naznin Sultana Remex
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Chowdhury S. Abdullah
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Richa Aishwarya
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Gopi K. Kolluru
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - James Traylor
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Mohammad Alfrad Nobel Bhuiyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Christopher G. Kevil
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - A. Wayne Orr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Christopher B. Pattillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Md. Shenuarin Bhuiyan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
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3
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Xiao Y, Vazquez-Padron RI, Martinez L, Singer HA, Woltmann D, Salman LH. Role of platelet factor 4 in arteriovenous fistula maturation failure: What do we know so far? J Vasc Access 2024; 25:390-406. [PMID: 35751379 PMCID: PMC9974241 DOI: 10.1177/11297298221085458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation failure remains unacceptably high despite continuous efforts on technique improvement and careful pre-surgery planning. In fact, half of all newly created AVFs are unable to be used for hemodialysis (HD) without a salvage procedure. While vascular stenosis in the venous limb of the access is the culprit, the underlying factors leading to vascular narrowing and AVF maturation failure are yet to be determined. We have recently demonstrated that AVF non-maturation is associated with post-operative medial fibrosis and fibrotic stenosis, and post-operative intimal hyperplasia (IH) exacerbates the situation. Multiple pathological processes and signaling pathways are underlying the stenotic remodeling of the AVF. Our group has recently indicated that a pro-inflammatory cytokine platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4) is upregulated in veins that fail to mature after AVF creation. Platelet factor 4 is a fibrosis marker and can be detected in vascular stenosis tissue, suggesting that it may contribute to AVF maturation failure through stimulation of fibrosis and development of fibrotic stenosis. Here, we present an overview of the how PF4-mediated fibrosis determines AVF maturation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Woltmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Loay H Salman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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4
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Kishimoto Y, Saita E, Ohmori R, Kondo K, Momiyama Y. High plasma levels of endosialin and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Heart Vessels 2024:10.1007/s00380-023-02353-7. [PMID: 38189922 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-023-02353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Endosialin, also known as tumor endothelial marker-1, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that plays a role in inflammation and tumor progression. Endosialin is upregulated in atherosclerotic lesions. To elucidate the association between blood endosialin levels and cardiovascular events, we measured plasma endosialin levels in 389 patients undergoing coronary angiography who were followed up for a mean follow-up of 6.4 ± 4.2 years for cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, heart failure, stroke, or need for coronary revascularization). Of the 389 patients, 223 had coronary artery disease (CAD). No significant difference was found in plasma endosialin levels between patients with and without CAD (median 0.92 vs. 0.92 ng/mL). During the follow-up, cardiovascular events occurred in 62 patients. Compared with patients without events, those with events had higher endosialin levels (1.12 vs. 0.89 ng/mL), and more often had endosialin level of > 1.1 ng/mL (53% vs. 31%) (P < 0.01). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed lower event-free survival in patients with endosialin > 1.1 ng/mL than those with ≤ 1.1 ng/mL (P < 0.01). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, endosialin > 1.1 ng/mL was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio = 2.00; 95%CI = 1.21-3.32; P < 0.01). Thus, high plasma endosialin levels were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kishimoto
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi Saita
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Reiko Ohmori
- Faculty of Regional Design, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | | | - Yukihiko Momiyama
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan.
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Hua R, Gao H, He C, Xin S, Wang B, Zhang S, Gao L, Tao Q, Wu W, Sun F, Xu J. An emerging view on vascular fibrosis molecular mediators and relevant disorders: from bench to bed. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1273502. [PMID: 38179503 PMCID: PMC10764515 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1273502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular fibrosis is a widespread pathologic condition that arises during vascular remodeling in cardiovascular dysfunctions. According to previous studies, vascular fibrosis is characterized by endothelial matrix deposition and vascular wall thickening. The RAAS and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways have been frequently highlighted. It is, however, far from explicit in terms of understanding the cause and progression of vascular fibrosis. In this review, we collected and categorized a large number of molecules which influence the fibrosing process, in order to acquire a better understanding of vascular fibrosis, particularly of pathologic dysfunction. Furthermore, several mediators that prevent vascular fibrosis are discussed in depth in this review, with the aim that this will contribute to the future prevention and treatment of related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Sitian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Tao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangling Sun
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuan-Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Chen Y, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Jiang X, Hua X, Chen Z, Wang J, Liu H, Zhou Q, Yu Y, Yang Z, Yu Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Li Y, Chen J, Wang Y. Novel signaling axis of FHOD1-RNF213-Col1α/Col3α in the pathogenesis of hypertension-induced tunica media thickening. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 182:57-72. [PMID: 37482037 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension-induced tunica media thickening (TMT) is the most important fundamental for the subsequent complications like stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Pathogenically, TMT originates from both vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) hypertrophy due to synthesizing more amount of intracellular contractile proteins and excess secretion of extracellular matrix. However, what key molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of TMT is unknown. We hypothesize that formin homology 2 domain-containing protein 1 (FHOD1), an amply expressed mediator for assembly of thin actin filament in VSMCs, is a key regulator for the pathogenesis of TMT. In this study, we found that FHOD1 expression and its phosphorylation/activation were both upregulated in the arteries of three kinds of hypertensive rats. Ang-II induced actin filament formation and hypertrophy through activation and upregulation of FHOD1 in VSMCs. Active FHOD1-mediated actin filament assembly and secretions of collagen-1α/collagen-3α played crucial roles in Ang-II-induced VSMCs hypertrophy in vitro and hypertensive TMT in vivo. Proteomics demonstrated that activated FL-FHOD1 or its C-terminal diaphanous-autoregulatory domain significantly upregulated RNF213 (ring finger protein 213), a 591-kDa cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase with its loss-of-functional mutations being a susceptibility gene for Moyamoya disease which has prominent tunica media thinning in both intracranial and systemic arteries. Mechanistically, activated FHOD1 upregulated its downstream effector RNF213 independently of its classical pathway of decreasing G-actin/F-actin ratio, transcription, and translation, but dependently on its C-terminus-mediated stabilization of RNF213 protein. FHOD1-RNF213 signaling dramatically promoted collagen-1α/collagen-3α syntheses in VSMCs. Our results discovered a novel signaling axis of FHOD1-RNF213-collagen-1α/collagen-3α and its key role in the pathogenesis of hypertensive TMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuchan Yuan
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xueze Jiang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuesheng Hua
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Julie Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Med, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenwei Yang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongqin Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Toledo Medical center, 3120 Glendale Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Qunshan Wang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yigang Li
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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7
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Lin W, Yang X, Zheng F, Yang J, Zhang Y. Smad2/3 signaling involved in urotensin II-induced phenotypic differentiation, collagen synthesis and migration of rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2023; 17. [DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2023.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective. To investigate whether Smad2/3 signaling is involved in urotensin II (UII) induced activation of aortic adventitial fibroblasts. Materials and Methods. Growth-arrested adventitial fibroblasts were stimulated with UII in the presence or absence of urotensin II receptor (UT) antagonist SB710411 or transfected with Smad2/3 small inhibitory RNA (siRNA). UII stimulated Smad2/3 phosphorylation, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I expression and migration of adventitial fibroblasts were evaluated by western blot analysis, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and transwell migration assay, respectively. Results. In cultured adventitial fibroblasts, UII time- and dose-dependently stimulated Smad2/3 protein phosphorylation, with maximal effect at 10-8 mol/l (increased by 147.2%, P<0.001). UII stimulated Smad2/3 upregulation and nuclear translocation. SB710411 significantly inhibited these effects. In addition, UII potently induced α-SMA and procollagen 1 protein or mRNA expression (P<0.01), which were completely blocked by Smad2 (decreased by 75.1%, 54.2% in protein, and by 73.3% and 38.2% in mRNA, respectively, P<0.01) or Smad3 siRNA (decreased by 80.3% and 47.0% in protein, and by 72.3% and 47.7% in mRNA, respectively, P<0.01). Meanwhile, Smad2 or smad3 siRNA significantly inhibited the UII-induced collagen 1 secretion and cell migration. Conclusions. UII may stimulate adventitial-fibroblast phenotype conversion, migration, and collagen I synthesis via phosphorylated-Smad2/3 signal transduction pathways.
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8
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Xiao Y, Martinez L, Zigmond Z, Woltmann D, Singer DV, Singer HA, Vazquez-Padron RI, Salman LH. Functions for platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4) and its receptors in fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and fibrotic failure of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). J Vasc Access 2023:11297298231192386. [PMID: 37589266 PMCID: PMC10998683 DOI: 10.1177/11297298231192386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 60% of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients are relying on hemodialysis (HD) to survive, and the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access method for HD. However approximately half of all newly created AVF fail to mature and cannot be used without a salvage procedure. We have recently demonstrated an association between AVF maturation failure and post-operative fibrosis, while our RNA-seq study also revealed that veins that ultimately failed during AVF maturation had elevated levels of platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4). However, a link between these two findings was yet to be established. METHODS In this study, we investigated potential mechanisms between PF4 levels and fibrotic remodeling in veins. We compared the local expression of PF4 and fibrosis marker integrin β6 (ITGB6) in veins that successfully underwent maturation with that in veins that ultimately failed to mature. We also measured the changes of expression level of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA/ACTA2) and collagen (Col1/COL1A1) in venous fibroblasts upon various treatments, such as PF4 pharmacological treatment, alteration of PF4 expression, and blocking of PF4 receptors. RESULTS We found that PF4 is expressed in veins and co-localizes with αSMA. In venous fibroblasts, PF4 stimulates expression of αSMA and Col1 via different pathways. The former requires integrins αvβ5 and α5β1, while chemokine receptor CXCR3 is needed for the latter. Interestingly, we also discovered that the expression of PF4 is associated with that of ITGB6, the β subunit of integrin αvβ6. This integrin is critical for the activation of the major fibrosis factor TGFβ, and overexpression of PF4 promotes activation of the TGFβ pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that upregulation of PF4 may cause venous fibrosis both directly by stimulating fibroblast differentiation and expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and indirectly by facilitating the activation of the TGFβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zachary Zigmond
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Woltmann
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Diane V Singer
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Loay H Salman
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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9
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He C, Ye P, Zhang X, Esmaeili E, Li Y, Lü P, Cai C. The Role of TGF-β Signaling in Saphenous Vein Graft Failure after Peripheral Arterial Disease Bypass Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10381. [PMID: 37373529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Saphenous vein bypass grafting is an effective technique used to treat peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, restenosis is the major clinical challenge for the graft vessel among people with PAD postoperation. We hypothesize that there is a common culprit behind arterial occlusion and graft restenosis. To investigate this hypothesis, we found TGF-β, a gene specifically upregulated in PAD arteries, by bioinformatics analysis. TGF-β has a wide range of biological activities and plays an important role in vascular remodeling. We discuss the molecular pathway of TGF-β and elucidate its mechanism in vascular remodeling and intimal hyperplasia, including EMT, extracellular matrix deposition, and fibrosis, which are the important pathways contributing to stenosis. Additionally, we present a case report of a patient with graft restenosis linked to the TGF-β pathway. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of targeting the TGF-β pathway in the clinic to improve the long-term patency of vein grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhuai He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Pin Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xuecheng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Elham Esmaeili
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ping Lü
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chuanqi Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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10
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Ahmed R, Anam K, Ahmed H. Development of Galectin-3 Targeting Drugs for Therapeutic Applications in Various Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8116. [PMID: 37175823 PMCID: PMC10179732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal3) is one of the most studied members of the galectin family that mediate various biological processes such as growth regulation, immune function, cancer metastasis, and apoptosis. Since Gal3 is pro-inflammatory, it is involved in many diseases that are associated with chronic inflammation such as cancer, organ fibrosis, and type 2 diabetes. As a multifunctional protein involved in multiple pathways of many diseases, Gal3 has generated significant interest in pharmaceutical industries. As a result, several Gal3-targeting therapeutic drugs are being developed to address unmet medical needs. Based on the PubMed search of Gal3 to date (1987-2023), here, we briefly describe its structure, carbohydrate-binding properties, endogenous ligands, and roles in various diseases. We also discuss its potential antagonists that are currently being investigated clinically or pre-clinically by the public and private companies. The updated knowledge on Gal3 function in various diseases could initiate new clinical or pre-clinical investigations to test therapeutic strategies, and some of these strategies could be successful and recognized as novel therapeutics for unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra Inc., Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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11
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Li W, Huang Z, Luo Y, Cui Y, Xu M, Luo W, Wu G, Liang G. Tetrandrine alleviates atherosclerosis via inhibition of STING-TBK1 pathway and inflammation in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110139. [PMID: 37099944 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Recent studies have showed that stimulator of interferon genes (STING), an important protein in innate immunity, mediates pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages in the development of AS. Tetrandrine (TET) is a natural bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Stepania tetrandra and possesses anti-inflammatory activities, with unknown effects and mechanisms in AS. In this study, we explored the anti-atherosclerotic effects of TET and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Mouse primary peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) are challenged with cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) or oxidized LDL (oxLDL). We found that pretreatment with TET dose-dependently inhibited cGAMP- or oxLDL-induced STING/ TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) signaling, then suppressing nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and pro-inflammatory factor expression in MPMs. ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to develop an atherosclerotic phenotype. Administration of TET at 20 mg/kg/day significantly reduced HFD-induced atherosclerotic plaques, accompanied with decreased macrophage infiltration, inflammatory cytokine production, fibrosis, and STING/TBK1 activation in aortic plaque lesions. In summary, we demonstrate that TET inhibits STING/TBK1/NF-κB signaling pathway to reduce inflammation in oxLDL-challenged macrophages and alleviate atherosclerosis in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. These findings proved that TET could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of atherosclerosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhuqi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yaqian Cui
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China.
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12
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The Role of the Oral Microbiome in the Development of Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065231. [PMID: 36982305 PMCID: PMC10048844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a complex and infectious illness that begins with a disruption of bacterial homeostasis. This disease induces a host inflammatory response, leading to damage of the soft and connective tooth-supporting tissues. Moreover, in advanced cases, it can contribute to tooth loss. The aetiological factors of PDs have been widely researched, but the pathogenesis of PD has still not been totally clarified. There are a number of factors that have an effect on the aetiology and pathogenesis of PD. It is purported that microbiological, genetic susceptibility and lifestyle can determine the development and severity of the disease. The human body’s defence response to the accumulation of plaque and its enzymes is known to be a major factor for PD. The oral cavity is colonised by a characteristic and complex microbiota that grows as diverse biofilms on all mucosal and dental surfaces. The aim of this review was to provide the latest updates in the literature regarding still-existing problems with PD and to highlight the role of the oral microbiome in periodontal health and disease. Better awareness and knowledge of the causes of dysbiosis, environmental risk factors and periodontal therapy can reduce the growing worldwide prevalence of PDs. The promotion of good oral hygiene, limiting smoking, alcohol consumption and exposure to stress and comprehensive treatment to decrease the pathogenicity of oral biofilm can help reduce PD as well as other diseases. Evidence linking disorders of the oral microbiome to various systemic diseases has increased the understanding of the importance of the oral microbiome in regulating many processes in the human body and, thus, its impact on the development of many diseases.
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Larsen FT, Hansen D, Terkelsen MK, Bendixen SM, Avolio F, Wernberg CW, Lauridsen MM, Grønkjaer LL, Jacobsen BG, Klinggaard EG, Mandrup S, Di Caterino T, Siersbæk MS, Indira Chandran V, Graversen JH, Krag A, Grøntved L, Ravnskjaer K. Stellate cell expression of SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 2 is associated with human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100615. [PMID: 36687468 PMCID: PMC9850195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Histological assessment of liver biopsies is the gold standard for diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), despite its well-established limitations. Therefore, non-invasive biomarkers that can offer an integrated view of the liver are needed to improve diagnosis and reduce sampling bias. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are central in the development of hepatic fibrosis, a hallmark of NASH. Secreted HSC-specific proteins may, therefore, reflect disease state in the NASH liver and serve as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers. Methods We performed RNA-sequencing on liver biopsies from a histologically characterised cohort of obese patients (n = 30, BMI >35 kg/m2) to identify and evaluate HSC-specific genes encoding secreted proteins. Bioinformatics was used to identify potential biomarkers and their expression at single-cell resolution. We validated our findings using single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridisation (smFISH) and ELISA to detect mRNA in liver tissue and protein levels in plasma, respectively. Results Hepatic expression of SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 2 (SMOC2) was increased in NASH compared to no-NAFLD (p.adj <0.001). Single-cell RNA-sequencing data indicated that SMOC2 was primarily expressed by HSCs, which was validated using smFISH. Finally, plasma SMOC2 was elevated in NASH compared to no-NAFLD (p <0.001), with a predictive accuracy of AUROC 0.88. Conclusions Increased SMOC2 in plasma appears to reflect HSC activation, a key cellular event associated with NASH progression, and may serve as a non-invasive biomarker of NASH. Impact and implications Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are the most common forms of chronic liver diseases. Currently, liver biopsies are the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD. Blood-based biomarkers to complement liver biopsies for diagnosis of NAFLD are required. We found that activated hepatic stellate cells, a cell type central to NAFLD pathogenesis, upregulate expression of the secreted protein SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 2 (SMOC2). SMOC2 was elevated in blood samples from patients with NASH and may hold promise as a blood-based biomarker for the diagnosis of NAFLD.
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Key Words
- AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- HSC, hepatic stellate cells
- LSM, liver stiffness measurement
- MCP, matricellular protein
- NAFL, non-alcoholic fatty liver
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NASH
- PCA, principal component analysis
- SAF, steatosis, activity, and fibrosis
- SE, sensitivity
- SMOC2
- SMOC2, SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 2
- SP, specificity
- SPARC, secreted protein acidic and cysteine-rich
- VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells
- WGCNA, weighted gene co-expression network analysis
- aHSC, activated HSC
- hepatic stellate cells
- non-invasive biomarker
- qHSC, quiescent HSC
- smFISH, single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridisation
- transcriptomics
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik T. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mike K. Terkelsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sofie M. Bendixen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fabio Avolio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte W. Wernberg
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of
Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Center for Liver Research (FLASH), Department of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette M. Lauridsen
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of
Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Lea L. Grønkjaer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of
Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Birgitte G. Jacobsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of
Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Ellen G. Klinggaard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Di Caterino
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense,
Denmark
| | - Majken S. Siersbæk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vineesh Indira Chandran
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense,
Denmark
| | - Jonas H. Graversen
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense,
Denmark
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Liver Research (FLASH), Department of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Grøntved
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kim Ravnskjaer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark. Tel.: +45 65508906/+45
93979317.
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14
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Zhao P, Sun T, Lyu C, Liang K, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Cao C, Xiang C, Du Y. Scar-Degrading Endothelial Cells as a Treatment for Advanced Liver Fibrosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203315. [PMID: 36494102 PMCID: PMC9896053 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver is an important feature of liver cirrhosis. Recovery from liver cirrhosis is physiologically challenging, partially due to the ECM in scar tissue showing resistance to cell-mediated degradation by secreted matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Here, a cell-mediated ECM-degradation screening system (CEDSS) in vitro is constructed for high-throughput searching for cells with tremendous degradation ability. ECM-degrading liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (dLSECs) are screened using CEDSS, which exhibit 17 times the ability to degrade collagen when compared to other cells. The degradation ability of dLSECs is mediated by the upregulation of MMP9. In particular, mRNA expression of MMP9 shows an 833-fold increase in dLSECs compared to normal endothelial cells (nLSECs), and MMP9 is regulated by transcription factor c-Fos. In vivo, single intrasplenic injection of dLSECs alleviates advanced liver fibrosis in mice, while intraperitoneal administration of liver-targeting peptide-modified dLSECs shows enhanced fibrosis-targeting effects. Degradative human umbilical vein endothelial cells (dHUVECs) prove their enhanced potential of clinical translation. Together, these results highlight the potential of ECM-degrading endothelial cells in alleviating advanced liver fibrosis, thus providing remarkable insights in the development of ECM-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Tian Sun
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Cheng Lyu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Kaini Liang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yudi Niu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Chenhui Cao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Canhong Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryBeijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalBeijing100084China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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15
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Wang X, Chen A, Hu R, Zhang F, Liang S, Bao C, Liu X, Tang H, Han Y. Salusin-β, a TOR2A gene product, promotes proliferation, migration, fibrosis, and calcification of smooth muscle cells and accelerates the imbalance of vasomotor function and vascular remodeling in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928834. [PMID: 36249810 PMCID: PMC9564106 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The hyper-proliferation, promoted migration, fibrosis, and calcification of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) play critical roles in pulmonary artery (PA) continuous contraction and vascular remodeling, leading to elevated pulmonary arterial resistance and pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this study, we sought to ascertain the effects of a TOR2A gene product, salusin-β, on PASMCs’ proliferation, migration, fibrosis, calcification, and the imbalance of vasomotor function as well as pulmonary vascular remodeling in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH rats and their underlying mechanisms. Methods: Knockdown or overexpression of salusin-β in rats or PASMCs was performed through tail vein injection or cell transfection of virus. The right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) of the rat was measured by right ventricle catheterization. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or acetylcholine (ACh)-induced dose-dependent relaxation was used to evaluate the vasodilatation function. Primary PASMCs were isolated from the PAs of control and PH rats. Results: The salusin-β protein expressions were significantly increased in PAs and PASMCs isolated from PH rats compared with control rats. Knockdown of salusin-β in rats decreased high K+ solution-induced contraction, RVSP and RV hypertrophy index, improved SNP or ACh-induced vascular relaxation of PAs, and relieved vascular remodeling and calcification of PAs from PH rats. Silencing salusin-β in PASMCs isolated from PH rats alleviated the proliferation, migration, fibrosis, and calcification, as well as the NAD(P)H oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Overexpression of salusin-β exerted the opposite effects on vasomotor function and vascular remodeling, and PASMCs proliferation, migration, fibrosis and calcification. Conclusion: Increased salusin-β activity in PAs from PH rats contributes to PASMCs proliferation, migration, fibrosis, and calcification, leading to the imbalance of vascular contraction and relaxation and vascular remodeling through stimulating the production of NAD(P)H oxidase derived ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aidong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changlei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuanxuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyang Tang, ; Ying Han,
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyang Tang, ; Ying Han,
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16
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Zhang X, Ren Z, Jiang Z. EndMT-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a new therapeutic target to atherosclerosis treatment. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:755-765. [PMID: 36083511 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and stroke, are the main threats to human health worldwide. Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder, plays a role as an initiator of all of the above-mentioned diseases. Cell therapy for diseases has attracted widespread attention. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of stem cell that still exist in adults and have the characteristics of self-renewal ability, pluripotent differentiation potential, immunomodulation, tissue regeneration, anti-inflammation and low immunogenicity. In light of the properties of MSCs, some researchers have begun to target MSCs to create a possible way to alleviate atherosclerosis. Most of these studies are focused on MSC transplantation, injecting MSCs to modulate macrophages, the key inflammatory cell in atherosclerosis plaque. According to recent studies, researchers found that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has something to do with atherosclerosis development. A new cell type MSC might also appear during the EndMT process. In this article, we summarize the characteristics of MSCs, the latest progress of MSC research and its application prospects, and in view of the process of EndMT occurring in atherosclerosis, we propose some new ideas for the treatment of atherosclerosis by targeting MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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17
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Othman ZA, Zakaria Z, Suleiman JB, Che Jalil NA, Wan Ghazali WS, Mohamed M. Bee bread attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis by activating Nrf2/Keap1 and modulating TNF-α/NF-κβ-associated mast cell migration and a mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway in the obese rat model. Food Funct 2022; 13:8119-8130. [PMID: 35796099 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00949h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the anti-atherosclerotic effects of bee bread in the context of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis phenomena in an obesity animal model, and its vitamin composition. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with a normal diet (Normal group) and a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. After 6 weeks, obese rats that received the HFD were treated either with distilled water (Ob group), bee bread at 0.5 g per kg per day (Ob + Bb group), or orlistat at 10 mg per kg per day (Ob + Or group) concomitant with the HFD for another 6 weeks. Bee bread significantly improved atherosclerotic changes by enhancing the immunoexpressions of Nrf2/Keap1, impeding the immunoexpressions of NF-κβ downstream proteins, and intensifying Bcl-2 upregulation, attributed to the improvement in mast cell adherence and collagen deposition in the aortic wall of the Ob + Bb group. We have demonstrated that the treatment with bee bread attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis through its inhibition of vascular oxidative stress, and retardation of inflammatory reaction and apoptosis in obese rats, indicating its potential therapeutic targets for obesity-related vascular diseases. This could be partly attributed to the components of vitamins such as vitamins A, C and E that are present in bee bread, which need further study for the exact molecular mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaidatul Akmal Othman
- Unit of Physiology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Fakulti Perubatan, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zaida Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Joseph Bagi Suleiman
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, Akanu ibiam federal polytechnic unwana, afikpo, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Nur Asyilla Che Jalil
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Syaheedah Wan Ghazali
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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18
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Li L, Wang M, Ma Q, Ye J, Sun G. Role of glycolysis in the development of atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C617-C629. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00218.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease associated with atherosclerotic plaques and endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and plaque formation. Glycolysis is a conservative and rigorous biological process that decomposes glucose into pyruvate. Its function is to provide the body with energy and intermediate products required for life activities. However, abnormalities in glycolytic flux during the progression of atherosclerosis accelerate disease progression. Here, we review the role of glycolysis in the development of atherosclerosis to provide new ideas for developing novel anti-atherosclerosis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxiao Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxue Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Stendahl JC, Kwan JM, Pucar D, Sadeghi MM. Radiotracers to Address Unmet Clinical Needs in Cardiovascular Imaging, Part 2: Inflammation, Fibrosis, Thrombosis, Calcification, and Amyloidosis Imaging. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:986-994. [PMID: 35772956 PMCID: PMC9258561 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging is evolving in response to systemwide trends toward molecular characterization and personalized therapies. The development of new radiotracers for PET and SPECT imaging is central to addressing the numerous unmet diagnostic needs that relate to these changes. In this 2-part review, we discuss select radiotracers that may help address key unmet clinical diagnostic needs in cardiovascular medicine. Part 1 examined key technical considerations pertaining to cardiovascular radiotracer development and reviewed emerging radiotracers for perfusion and neuronal imaging. Part 2 covers radiotracers for imaging cardiovascular inflammation, thrombosis, fibrosis, calcification, and amyloidosis. These radiotracers have the potential to address several unmet needs related to the risk stratification of atheroma, detection of thrombi, and the diagnosis, characterization, and risk stratification of cardiomyopathies. In the first section, we discuss radiotracers targeting various aspects of inflammatory responses in pathologies such as myocardial infarction, myocarditis, sarcoidosis, atherosclerosis, and vasculitis. In a subsequent section, we discuss radiotracers for the detection of systemic and device-related thrombi, such as those targeting fibrin (e.g., 64Cu-labeled fibrin-binding probe 8). We also cover emerging radiotracers for the imaging of cardiovascular fibrosis, such as those targeting fibroblast activation protein (e.g., 68Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor). Lastly, we briefly review radiotracers for imaging of cardiovascular calcification (18F-NaF) and amyloidosis (e.g., 99mTc-pyrophosphate and 18F-florbetapir).
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Stendahl
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer M Kwan
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Darko Pucar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
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20
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Burtenshaw D, Regan B, Owen K, Collins D, McEneaney D, Megson IL, Redmond EM, Cahill PA. Exosomal Composition, Biogenesis and Profiling Using Point-of-Care Diagnostics—Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:853451. [PMID: 35721503 PMCID: PMC9198276 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.853451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriosclerosis is an important age-dependent disease that encompasses atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis (ISR), pulmonary hypertension, autologous bypass grafting and transplant arteriosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC)-like cells is a critical event in the pathology of arteriosclerotic disease leading to intimal-medial thickening (IMT), lipid retention and vessel remodelling. An important aspect in guiding clinical decision-making is the detection of biomarkers of subclinical arteriosclerosis and early cardiovascular risk. Crucially, relevant biomarkers need to be good indicators of injury which change in their circulating concentrations or structure, signalling functional disturbances. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membraneous vesicles secreted by cells that contain numerous bioactive molecules and act as a means of intercellular communication between different cell populations to maintain tissue homeostasis, gene regulation in recipient cells and the adaptive response to stress. This review will focus on the emerging field of EV research in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and discuss how key EV signatures in liquid biopsies may act as early pathological indicators of adaptive lesion formation and arteriosclerotic disease progression. EV profiling has the potential to provide important clinical information to complement current cardiovascular diagnostic platforms that indicate or predict myocardial injury. Finally, the development of fitting devices to enable rapid and/or high-throughput exosomal analysis that require adapted processing procedures will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Burtenshaw
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathryn Owen
- Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon Area Hospital, Craigavon, United Kingdom
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David McEneaney
- Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon Area Hospital, Craigavon, United Kingdom
| | - Ian L. Megson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Health Science, UHI Institute of Health Research and Innovation, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen M. Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Paul Aidan Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Paul Aidan Cahill,
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21
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Adam CA, Anghel R, Marcu DTM, Mitu O, Roca M, Mitu F. Impact of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors on Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Aging—What Do We Know So Far? (A Narrative Review). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060803. [PMID: 35743834 PMCID: PMC9224553 DOI: 10.3390/life12060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging, early vascular aging or supernormal vascular aging are concepts used for estimating the cardiovascular risk at a certain age. From the famous line of Thomas Sydenham that “a man is as old as his arteries” to the present day, clinical studies in the field of molecular biology of the vasculature have demonstrated the active role of vascular endothelium in the onset of cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness is an important cardiovascular risk factor associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events and a high risk of morbidity and mortality, especially in the presence of diabetes. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors decrease arterial stiffness and vascular resistance by decreasing endothelial cell activation, stimulating direct vasorelaxation and ameliorating endothelial dysfunction or expression of pro-atherogenic cells and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Andreea Adam
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr. 14, 700661 Iaşi, Romania; (C.A.A.); (R.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Razvan Anghel
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr. 14, 700661 Iaşi, Romania; (C.A.A.); (R.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Dragos Traian Marius Marcu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.T.M.M.); (O.M.)
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
- Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard nr. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.T.M.M.); (O.M.)
| | - Mihai Roca
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr. 14, 700661 Iaşi, Romania; (C.A.A.); (R.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr. 14, 700661 Iaşi, Romania; (C.A.A.); (R.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
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22
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Yu Y, Sun Q, Li T, Ren X, Lin L, Sun M, Duan J, Sun Z. Adverse outcome pathway of fine particulate matter leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: An integrated perspective from toxicology and epidemiology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128368. [PMID: 35149491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is a major threat to public health, and is listed as one of the leading factors associated with global premature mortality. Among the adverse health effects on multiple organs or tissues, the influence of PM2.5 exposure on cardiovascular system has drawn more and more attention. Although numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular toxicity of PM2.5, the various mechanisms have not been integrated due to the variety of the study models, different levels of toxicity assessment endpoints, etc. Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework is a useful tool to achieve this goal so as to facilitate comprehensive understanding of toxicity assessment of PM2.5 on cardiovascular system. This review aims to illustrate the causal mechanistic relationships of PM2.5-triggered cardiovascular toxicity from different levels (from molecular/cellular/organ to individual/population) by using AOP framework. Based on the AOP Wiki and published literature, we propose an AOP framework focusing on the cardiovascular toxicity induced by PM2.5 exposure. The molecular initiating event (MIE) is identified as reactive oxygen species generation, followed by the key events (KEs) of oxidative damage and mitochondria dysfunction, which induces vascular endothelial dysfunction via vascular endothelial cell autophagy dysfunction, vascular fibrosis via vascular smooth muscle cell activation, cardiac dysregulation via myocardial apoptosis, and cardiac fibrosis via fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation, respectively; all of the above cardiovascular injuries ultimately elevate cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. As far as we know, this is the first work on PM2.5-related cardiovascular AOP construction. In the future, more work needs to be done to explore new markers in the safety assessment of cardiovascular toxicity induced by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Qinglin Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaoke Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lisen Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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23
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Fan H, Liao W, Spaans F, Pasha M, Davidge ST, Wu J. Chicken muscle hydrolysate reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, upregulates ACE2, and ameliorates vascular inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1292-1305. [PMID: 35166385 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spent hens are egg-laying chicken reaching the end of their egg-laying cycle and are seen as a by-product to the egg industry. A spent hen muscle protein hydrolysate prepared by food-grade thermoase PC10F (SPH-T) has previously shown antihypertensive potential. In the present work, we further investigated its antihypertensive effect and underlying mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats. There are three groups: untreated, low dose (250 mg SPH-T/kg/day body weight), and high dose (1,000 mg SPH-T/kg/day body weight). Oral administration of SPH-T over a period of 20 days reduced systolic blood pressure by 25.7 mm Hg (p < 0.001) and 11.9 mm Hg (p < 0.05), respectively, for the high- and low-dose groups. The high-dose treatment decreased the circulating level of angiotensin II (from 25.0 to 5.7 pg/ml) while increased angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (from 1.3 to 3.3 IU/ml) and angiotensin (1-7) (from 37.0 to 70.1 pg/ml) significantly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the high-dose group doubled the aortic expression of ACE2 while reduced the expression of angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor (by 35%). Circulating inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as well as vascular inflammatory proteins including inducible nitric oxide synthase and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were attenuated by ∼15%-50% by the treatment; nitrosative stress (35%) and type I collagen synthesis (50%) in the aorta were also attenuated significantly (p < 0.05). Moreover, SPH-T possessed an umami taste (no obvious bitter taste) as analyzed by electronic tongue. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Hypertension is a global health concern, afflicting more than 20% of adults worldwide. Uncovering the antihypertensive effect of spent hen protein hydrolysate underpinned its functional food nutraceutical applications for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mazhar Pasha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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24
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Shi X, Huang H, Zhou M, Liu Y, Wu H, Dai M. Paeonol Attenuated Vascular Fibrosis Through Regulating Treg/Th17 Balance in a Gut Microbiota-Dependent Manner. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:765482. [PMID: 34880759 PMCID: PMC8646048 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Paeonol (Pae) is a natural phenolic compound isolated from Cortex Moutan, which exhibits anti-atherosclerosis (AS) effects. Our previous work demonstrated that gut microbiota plays an important role during AS treatment as it affects the efficacy of Pae. However, the mechanism of Pae in protecting against vascular fibrosis as related to gut microbiota has yet to be elucidated. Objective: To investigate the antifibrosis effect of Pae on AS mice and demonstrate the underlying gut microbiota-dependent mechanism. Methods: ApoE-/- mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to replicate the AS model. H&E and Masson staining were used to observe the plaque formation and collagen deposition. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was analyzed through LC-MS/MS. The frequency of immune cells in spleen was phenotyped by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of aortic inflammatory cytokines was detected by qRT-PCR. The protein expression of LOX and fibrosis-related indicators were examined by western blot. Results: Pae restricted the development of AS and collagen deposition. Notably, the antifibrosis effect of Pae was achieved by regulating the gut microbiota. LC-MS/MS data indicated that the level of SCFAs was increased in caecum contents. Additionally, Pae administration selectively upregulated the frequency of regulatory T (Treg) cells as well as downregulated the ratio of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells in the spleen of AS mice, improving the Treg/Th17 balance. In addition, as expected, Pae intervention can significantly downregulate the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17 in the aorta, and upregulate the levels of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, a marker of Treg cells. Finally, Pae's intervention in the gut microbiota resulted in the restoration of the balance of Treg/Th17, which indirectly downregulated the protein expression level of LOX and fibrosis-related indicators (MMP-2/9 and collagen I/III). Conclusion: Pae attenuated vascular fibrosis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. The underlying protective mechanism was associated with the improved Treg/Th17 balance in spleen mediated through the increased microbiota-derived SCFA production. Collectively, our results demonstrated the role of Pae as a potential gut microbiota modulator to prevent and treat AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hanwen Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yarong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Min Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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25
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Kobusiak-Prokopowicz M, Kaaz K, Marciniak D, Karolko B, Mysiak A. Relationships between Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinases, Tissue Inhibitor TIMP-2, and Renal Function in Patients with Myocarditis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:749-757. [PMID: 34801997 DOI: 10.1159/000519594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Under physiological conditions, the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) is maintained by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). However, changes in the balance between MMPs and TIMPs can lead to pathological remodeling of the ECM, which contributes to cardiovascular and kidney diseases. The aim of our study was to assess levels of MMPs and TIMP-2 in patients with myocarditis and their relationship to renal function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty five patients with myocarditis who underwent CMR were included, comprising 11 with concurrent chronic kidney disease (CKD). Blood samples were obtained to assess serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-2. RESULTS Serum MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-2 levels negatively correlated with the ejection fraction in patients with myocarditis, while MMP-3 levels correlated with longitudinal deformation (p < 0.05). Serum MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-2 levels also negatively correlated with renal function, as assessed by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p < 0.05). Patients with myocarditis and concurrent CKD had higher levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 than those without kidney damage. CONCLUSIONS (1) We demonstrated that MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-2 concentrations were related to left-ventricular ejection fraction, and MMP-3 levels correlated with longitudinal deformation, indicating MMPs play an important role in the post-inflammatory remodeling of the myocardium. (2) A negative correlation between the eGFR and MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-2 and a positive correlation between creatinine and MMP-3 levels indicate the role of MMPs and TIMP-2 in renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konrad Kaaz
- Department of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Marciniak
- Department of Drugs Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Karolko
- Department of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mysiak
- Department of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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26
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Johnson RT, Solanki R, Warren DT. Mechanical programming of arterial smooth muscle cells in health and ageing. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:757-768. [PMID: 34745374 PMCID: PMC8553715 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), the predominant cell type within the arterial wall, detect and respond to external mechanical forces. These forces can be derived from blood flow (i.e. pressure and stretch) or from the supporting extracellular matrix (i.e. stiffness and topography). The healthy arterial wall is elastic, allowing the artery to change shape in response to changes in blood pressure, a property known as arterial compliance. As we age, the mechanical forces applied to ASMCs change; blood pressure and arterial wall rigidity increase and result in a reduction in arterial compliance. These changes in mechanical environment enhance ASMC contractility and promote disease-associated changes in ASMC phenotype. For mechanical stimuli to programme ASMCs, forces must influence the cell's load-bearing apparatus, the cytoskeleton. Comprised of an interconnected network of actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments, each cytoskeletal component has distinct mechanical properties that enable ASMCs to respond to changes within the mechanical environment whilst maintaining cell integrity. In this review, we discuss how mechanically driven cytoskeletal reorganisation programmes ASMC function and phenotypic switching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reesha Solanki
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Derek T. Warren
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
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27
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Ojeda ML, Sobrino P, Rua RM, Gallego-Lopez MDC, Nogales F, Carreras O. Selenium, a dietary-antioxidant with cardioprotective effects, prevents the impairments in heart rate and systolic blood pressure in adolescent rats exposed to binge drinking treatment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 47:680-693. [PMID: 34582310 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1973485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge drinking (BD) during adolescence is related to cardiovascular alterations. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties, essential for correct heart function. OBJECTIVES To study the protective cardiovascular effects of selenium in adolescent rats exposed to a BD-like procedure. METHODS 32 adolescent male rats exposed to an intraperitoneally BD-like model or not, and supplemented with 0.4ppm of selenite or not, were divided into 4 groups: control, alcohol, control-selenium and alcohol-selenium. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were determined after experimentation. Se deposits, oxidative balance and the expression of glutathione peroxidases (GPxs), NF-kB and caspase-3 were measured in the heart. Also, DNA instability in rat lymphocytes and serum vascular markers were determined. Statistical analysis was performed with the ANOVA model. RESULTS The BD-like model depleted Se heart deposits (p < .01), decreased GPx activity (p < .01) and GPx1 (p < .001) and GPx4 (p < .05) expression, increased NF-kB (p < .01), caspase-3 (p < .001) expression, and generated oxidation in myocytes. Outside the heart, the BD-like model caused double-strand breaks in lymphocyte DNA and increased all the vascular markers measured. These cardiovascular alterations were related to higher systolic (p < .001) and diastolic (p < .05) blood pressure and HR (p < .05). In the heart, Se supplementation in BD-exposed rats significantly increased Se deposits (p < .001) and improved oxidative balance and vascular damage, including increased GPxs and decreased NF-kB and caspase-3 activation, consequently decreasing systolic (p < .05) blood pressure and HR (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Se supplementation presents cardioprotective effects since it reversed HR and systolic blood pressure observed in BD-exposed adolescent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Paula Sobrino
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Rui Manuel Rua
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Fátima Nogales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Olimpia Carreras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
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28
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Ning R, Li Y, Du Z, Li T, Sun Q, Lin L, Xu Q, Duan J, Sun Z. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ attenuated PM 2.5-induced vascular fibrosis via regulating mitophagy. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102113. [PMID: 34425389 PMCID: PMC8379696 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term PM2.5 exposure is related to vascular remodeling and stiffness. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ is reported to improve the occurrence and development of mitochondrial redox-related diseases. At present, there is limited data on whether MitoQ can alleviate the vascular damage caused by PM2.5. Therefore, the current study was aimed to evaluate the protective role of MitoQ on aortic fibrosis induced by PM2.5 exposure. Vascular Doppler ultrasound manifested PM2.5 damaged both vascular function and structure in C57BL/6J mice. Histopathological analysis found that PM2.5 induced aortic fibrosis and disordered elastic fibers, accompanied by collagen I/III deposition and synthetic phenotype remodeling of vascular smooth muscle cells; while these alterations were partially alleviated following MitoQ treatment. We further demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and activated superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP and increased intracellular Ca2+, as well as mitochondrial fragmentation caused by increased Drp1 expression and decreased Mfn2 expression, occurred in PM2.5-exposed aorta or human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs), which were reversed by MitoQ. Moreover, the enhanced expressions of LC3II/I, p62, PINK1 and Parkin regulated mitophagy in PM2.5-exposed aorta and HAVSMCs were weakened by MitoQ. Transfection with PINK1 siRNA in PM2.5-exposed HAVSMCs further improved the effects of MitoQ on HAVSMCs synthetic phenotype remodeling, mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy. In summary, our data demonstrated that MitoQ treatment had a protective role in aortic fibrosis after PM2.5 exposure through mitochondrial quality control, which regulated by mitochondrial ROS/PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Our study provides a possible targeted therapy for PM2.5-induced arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Qinglin Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Lisen Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
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29
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He T, Zhang Z, Staessen JA, Mischak H, Latosinska A, Beige J. Proteomic Biomarkers in the Cardiorenal Syndrome: Toward Deciphering Molecular Pathophysiology. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:669-679. [PMID: 33821948 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is defined by coexisting heart and renal dysfunctions. Malfunction of 1 organ may cause dysfunction of the other with variable causative disease that defines the type of CRS (1-5). Numerous studies showed that the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Similarly, CKD affects a large proportion of patients with heart failure. This overlap between primary heart or primary kidney disease blurs cause-effect inferences of the initiator/target organ. The classical subdivision of CRS in 5 categories does not provide pathophysiological suggestions for targeted intervention. It seems timely to revisit the value of CRS biomarkers in a pathophysiology-centered approach. We systematically reviewed the literature in CRS, which revealed 53 clinical studies describing the use of 44 biomarkers and 4 proteomic panels. All biomarkers are involved in at least one of the CRS comorbidities. Among the pathways affected, inflammation, aberrant glucose metabolism, neurohormonal activation, and oxidative stress are well described. There is growing evidence that fibrosis may be the "cornerstone" that unifies most of the pathways leading to CRS. Formation of excess fibrous connective tissue antedates CRS in many cases. This review highlights that biomarkers reflecting fibrosis may be of substantial clinical value in the early detection, prognostication, and guiding treatment of CRS. Biomarkers detecting changes in collagen turnover in the extracellular matrix of heart and kidney appear able to depict subclinical changes in the fibrotic remodeling of tissues and constitute a promising approach toward personalized intervention in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin He
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Staessen
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Institute Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine (APPREMED), Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | | | - Joachim Beige
- Medical Clinic, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
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Sofias AM, De Lorenzi F, Peña Q, Azadkhah Shalmani A, Vucur M, Wang JW, Kiessling F, Shi Y, Consolino L, Storm G, Lammers T. Therapeutic and diagnostic targeting of fibrosis in metabolic, proliferative and viral disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113831. [PMID: 34139255 PMCID: PMC7611899 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common denominator in many pathologies and crucially affects disease progression, drug delivery efficiency and therapy outcome. We here summarize therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for fibrosis targeting in atherosclerosis and cardiac disease, cancer, diabetes, liver diseases and viral infections. We address various anti-fibrotic targets, ranging from cells and genes to metabolites and proteins, primarily focusing on fibrosis-promoting features that are conserved among the different diseases. We discuss how anti-fibrotic therapies have progressed over the years, and how nanomedicine formulations can potentiate anti-fibrotic treatment efficacy. From a diagnostic point of view, we discuss how medical imaging can be employed to facilitate the diagnosis, staging and treatment monitoring of fibrotic disorders. Altogether, this comprehensive overview serves as a basis for developing individualized and improved treatment strategies for patients suffering from fibrosis-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Marios Sofias
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Mildred Scheel School of Oncology (MSSO), Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO(ABCD)), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Federica De Lorenzi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Quim Peña
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Armin Azadkhah Shalmani
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lorena Consolino
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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31
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Zhao P, Yao Q, Zhang PJ, The E, Zhai Y, Ao L, Jarrett MJ, Dinarello CA, Fullerton DA, Meng X. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals a critical role of novel pro-inflammatory EndMT in mediating adverse remodeling in coronary artery-on-a-chip. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg1694. [PMID: 34417174 PMCID: PMC8378826 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional microengineered human coronary artery-on-a-chip was developed for investigation of the mechanism by which low and oscillatory shear stress (OSS) induces pro-atherogenic changes. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that OSS induced distinct changes in endothelial cells (ECs) including pro-inflammatory endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). OSS promoted pro-inflammatory EndMT through the Notch1/p38 MAPK-NF-κB signaling axis. Moreover, OSS-induced EC phenotypic changes resulted in proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein up-regulation in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through the RANTES-mediated paracrine mechanism. IL-37 suppressed OSS-induced pro-inflammatory EndMT and thereby abrogated SMC proliferation and ECM protein remodeling. Overall, this study provides insights into endothelial heterogeneity under atheroprone shear stress and identifies the mechanistic role of a novel EC subtype in promoting adverse vascular remodeling. Further, this study demonstrates that anti-inflammatory approach is capable of mitigating vascular pathobiology evoked by atheroprone shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Qingzhou Yao
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Pei-Jian Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erlinda The
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yufeng Zhai
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lihua Ao
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael J Jarrett
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - David A Fullerton
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xianzhong Meng
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Chrysanthopoulou A, Gkaliagkousi E, Lazaridis A, Arelaki S, Pateinakis P, Ntinopoulou M, Mitsios A, Antoniadou C, Argyriou C, Georgiadis GS, Papadopoulos V, Giatromanolaki A, Ritis K, Skendros P. Angiotensin II triggers neutrophil extracellular traps release linking thromboinflammation with essential hypertension. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148668. [PMID: 34324440 PMCID: PMC8492353 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity and chronic inflammation are involved in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis leading to target organ damage in essential hypertension (EH). However, the role of neutrophils in EH is still elusive. We investigated the association between angiotensin II (Ang II) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in pathogenesis of EH. Plasma samples, kidney biopsies and surgical specimens of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) from EH patients were used. Cell-based assays, NETs/human aortic endothelial cells co-cultures and in situ studies were performed. Increased plasma levels of NETs and tissue factor (TF) activity were detected in untreated, newly-diagnosed, EH patients. Stimulation of control neutrophils with plasma from untreated EH patients generated TF-enriched NETs promoting endothelial collagen production. Ang II induced NETosis in vitro via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 and autophagy-dependent pathway. Circulating NETs and thrombin generation levels were reduced significantly in EH patients starting treatment with Ang II receptor blockers, whereas their plasma was unable to trigger procoagulant NETs. Moreover, TF-bearing NETotic neutrophils/remnants were accumulated in sites of interstitial renal fibrosis and in the subendothelial layer of AAA. These data reveal the important pathogenic role of Ang II/ROS/NETs/TF axis in EH, linking thromboinflammation with endothelial dysfunction and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akrivi Chrysanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Arelaki
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Disease, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Maria Ntinopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexandros Mitsios
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Antoniadou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Argyriou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George S Georgiadis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papadopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | - Panagiotis Skendros
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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The role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in fibrosis: its potential as a biomarker and/or biological target for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107941. [PMID: 34171336 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined by excessive formation and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, produced by myofibroblasts, that supersedes normal wound healing responses to injury and results in progressive architectural remodelling. Fibrosis is often detected in advanced disease stages when an organ is already severely damaged and can no longer function properly. Therefore, there is an urgent need for reliable and easily detectable markers to identify and monitor fibrosis onset and progression as early as possible; this will greatly facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a well-known regulator of bone extracellular matrix and most studied for its role in regulating bone mass, is expressed in various organs and functions as a decoy for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Recently, OPG has been linked to fibrosis and fibrogenesis, and has been included in a panel of markers to diagnose liver fibrosis. Multiple studies now suggest that OPG may be a general biomarker suitable for detection of fibrosis and/or monitoring the impact of fibrosis treatment. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of OPG in fibrosis and will discuss its potential as a biomarker and/or novel therapeutic target for fibrosis.
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Testai L, Brancaleone V, Flori L, Montanaro R, Calderone V. Modulation of EndMT by Hydrogen Sulfide in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060910. [PMID: 34205197 PMCID: PMC8229400 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been described as a fundamental process during embryogenesis; however, it can occur also in adult age, underlying pathological events, including fibrosis. Indeed, during EndMT, the endothelial cells lose their specific markers, such as vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype, expressing specific products, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen; moreover, the integrity of the endothelium is disrupted, and cells show a migratory, invasive and proliferative phenotype. Several stimuli can trigger this transition, but transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) is considered the most relevant. EndMT can proceed in a canonical smad-dependent or non-canonical smad-independent manner and ultimately regulate gene expression of pro-fibrotic machinery. These events lead to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis at the vascular level as well as myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Indeed, EndMT is the mechanism which promotes the progression of cardiovascular disorders following hypertension, diabetes, heart failure and also ageing. In this scenario, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been widely described for its preventive properties, but its role in EndMT is poorly investigated. This review is focused on the evaluation of the putative role of H2S in the EndMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Center of Ageing, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincenzo Brancaleone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Rosangela Montanaro
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Center of Ageing, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Morita W, Snelling SJB, Wheway K, Watkins B, Appleton L, Murphy RJ, Carr AJ, Dakin SG. Comparison of Cellular Responses to TGF-β1 and BMP-2 Between Healthy and Torn Tendons. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:1892-1903. [PMID: 34081556 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211011158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendons heal by fibrotic repair, increasing the likelihood of reinjury. Animal tendon injury and overuse models have identified transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as growth factors actively involved in the development of fibrosis, by mediating extracellular matrix synthesis and cell differentiation. PURPOSE To understand how TGF-β and BMPs contribute to fibrotic processes using tendon-derived cells isolated from healthy and diseased human tendons. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Tendon-derived cells were isolated from patients with a chronic rotator cuff tendon tear (large to massive, diseased) and healthy hamstring tendons of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament repair. Isolated cells were incubated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) or BMP-2 (100 ng/mL) for 3 days. Gene expression was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell signaling pathway activation was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS TGF-β1 treatment induced ACAN mRNA expression in both cell types but less in the diseased compared with healthy cells (P < .05). BMP-2 treatment induced BGN mRNA expression in healthy but not diseased cells (P < .01). In the diseased cells, TGF-β1 treatment induced increased ACTA2 mRNA expression (P < .01) and increased small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling (P < .05) compared with those of healthy cells. Moreover, BMP-2 treatment induced ACTA2 mRNA expression in the diseased cells only (P < .05). CONCLUSION Diseased tendon-derived cells show reduced expression of the proteoglycans aggrecan and biglycan in response to TGF-β1 and BMP-2 treatments. These same treatments induced enhanced fibrotic differentiation and canonical SMAD cell signaling in diseased compared with healthy cells. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings from this study suggest that diseased tendon-derived cells respond differently than healthy cells in the presence of TGF-β1 and BMP-2. The altered responses of diseased cells may influence fibrotic repair processes during tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Morita
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah J B Snelling
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kim Wheway
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bridget Watkins
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Louise Appleton
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Murphy
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Brighton and Sussex University NHS Trust, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie G Dakin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sharma AR, Sharma G, Bhattacharya M, Lee SS, Chakraborty C. Circulating miRNA in atherosclerosis: a clinical biomarker and early diagnostic tool. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:250-262. [PMID: 33719955 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210315124438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, which is a vascular disease, is characterized by narrowing the arteries and forming plaque inside arteries. There is a record 17.5 million associated deaths recorded annually, representing 31% of global death. It has been noted that there is an association between vascular fibrosis and atherosclerosis. The thickening of the arterial wall and reduction of the lumen diameter may cause unwarranted deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), and these conditions help in the progression of many clinical diseases and pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis. Here, we reviewed the involvement of various circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the very early diagnosis of atherosclerosis. We have also tried to provide an insight into the advantages and validation of circulating miRNAs through different techniques. We have discussed different circulating miRNAs, such as miR-17, miR-17-5p, miR-29b, miR-30, miR-92a, miR-126, miR-143, miR-145, miR-146a, miR-212, miR-218, miR-221, miR-222, miR-361-5p, as a biomarker for clinical diagnosis of atherosclerosis. The insightful demonstration in this review will offer a better opportunity for the researchers and technology developers in understanding the current scenario of circulating miRNA, which could facilitate them in improving the current diagnostic technologies of atherosclerosis in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24252. Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341. Korea
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore- 756020 Odisha. India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24252. Korea
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Rd, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126. India
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Bhattamisra SK, Koh HM, Lim SY, Choudhury H, Pandey M. Molecular and Biochemical Pathways of Catalpol in Alleviating Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020323. [PMID: 33672590 PMCID: PMC7924042 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalpol isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa is a potent antioxidant and investigated against many disorders. This review appraises the key molecular pathways of catalpol against diabetes mellitus and its complications. Multiple search engines including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were used to retrieve publications containing the keywords “Catalpol”, “Type 1 diabetes mellitus”, “Type 2 diabetes mellitus”, and “diabetic complications”. Catalpol promotes IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT2 activity and suppresses Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) expression in the liver. Catalpol induces myogenesis by increasing MyoD/MyoG/MHC expression and improves mitochondria function through the AMPK/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ and TFAM signaling in skeletal muscles. Catalpol downregulates the pro-inflammatory markers and upregulates the anti-inflammatory markers in adipose tissues. Catalpol exerts antioxidant properties through increasing superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity in the pancreas and liver. Catalpol has been shown to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, and anti-fibrosis properties that in turn bring beneficial effects in diabetic complications. Its nephroprotective effect is related to the modulation of the AGE/RAGE/NF-κB and TGF-β/smad2/3 pathways. Catalpol produces a neuroprotective effect by increasing the expression of protein Kinase-C (PKC) and Cav-1. Furthermore, catalpol exhibits a cardioprotective effect through the apelin/APJ and ROS/NF-κB/Neat1 pathway. Catalpol stimulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells in high glucose condition. Lastly, catalpol shows its potential in preventing neurodegeneration in the retina with NF-κB downregulation. Overall, catalpol exhibits numerous beneficial effects on diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +60-3-2731-7310; Fax: +60-3-8656-7229
| | - Hui Min Koh
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (H.M.K.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Shin Yean Lim
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (H.M.K.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (H.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (H.C.); (M.P.)
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Anti-TGFβ Effect of Schisandra chinensis Fruit Extract and Schisandrin B in A7r5 Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020163. [PMID: 33672474 PMCID: PMC7926316 DOI: 10.3390/life11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis fruit extract (SCE) has been used as a traditional medicine for treating vascular diseases. However, little is known about how SCE and schisandrin B (SchB) affect transcriptional output-a crucial factor for shaping the fibrotic responses of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathways in in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In this study, to assess the pharmacological effect of SCE and SchB on TGFβ-induced transcriptional output, we performed DNA microarray experiments in A7r5 VSMCs. We found that TGFβ induced distinctive changes in the gene expression profile and that these changes were considerably reversed by SCE and SchB. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) with Hallmark signature suggested that SCE or SchB inhibits a range of fibrosis-associated biological processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation and migration. With our VSMC-specific transcriptional interactome network, master regulator analysis identified crucial transcription factors that regulate the expression of SCE- and SchB-effective genes (i.e., TGFβ-reactive genes whose expression are reversed by SCE and SchB). Our results provide novel perspective and insight into understanding the pharmacological action of SCE and SchB at the transcriptome level and will support further investigations to develop multitargeted strategies for the treatment of vascular fibrosis.
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Huang S, You S, Qian J, Dai C, Shen S, Wang J, Huang W, Liang G, Wu G. Myeloid differentiation 2 deficiency attenuates AngII-induced arterial vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, and remodeling. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4409-4427. [PMID: 33495414 PMCID: PMC7906178 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a pertinent target for cardiovascular therapy. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction plays a key role in vascular remodeling. Myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2), a cofactor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), is involved in atherosclerotic progress and cardiac remodeling via activation of chronic inflammation. In this study, we explored the role of MD2 in vascular remodeling using an Ang II-induced mouse model and cultured human aortic VSMCs. MD2 deficiency suppressed Ang II-induced vascular fibrosis and phenotypic switching of VSMCs without affecting blood pressure in mice. Mechanistically, MD2 deficiency prevented Ang II-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in mice and cultured VSMCs. Furthermore, MD2 deficiency reversed Ang II-activated MAPK signaling and Ang II-downregulated SIRT1 expression. Taken together, MD2 plays a significant role in Ang II-induced vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, and remodeling, indicating that MD2 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular remodeling-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengban You
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinfu Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengyi Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyuan Shen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dingli Institute and Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dingli Institute and Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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40
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Lei W, Shen F, Chang N, Niu L, Hou Y, Zhang B, Jiang M, Bai G. Chemical proteomics reveals ligustilide targets SMAD3, inhibiting collagen synthesis in aortic endothelial cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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41
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Yıldırım M, Baydemir Peşint G. Molecularly imprinted spongy columns for Angiotensin(II) recognition from human serum. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3112. [PMID: 33342088 PMCID: PMC7883249 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII), the effector peptide of the renin angiotensin system and has an important role in regulating cardiovascular hemodynamics and structure. AngII is an important biomarker for certain diseases that are associated with cardiovascular disorders, i.e., influenza, SARS‐CoV‐2, tumors, hypertension, etc. However, AngII presents in blood in very low concentrations and they are not stable due to their reactivity, therefore spontaneous detection of AngII is a big challenge. In this study, AngII‐imprinted spongy columns (AngII‐misc) synthesized for AngII detection from human serum, and characterized by surface area measurements (BET), swelling tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR studies. AngII binding studies were achieved from aqueous environment and maximum binding capacity was found as 0.667 mg/g. It was calculated that the AngII‐miscs recognized AngII 8.27 and 14.25 times more selectively than competitor Angiotensin I and Vasopressin molecules. Newly produced AngII‐misc binds 60.5 pg/g AngII from crude human serum selectively. It has a great potential for spontaneous detection of AngII from human serum for direct and critical measurements in serious diseases, that is, heart attacks, SARS‐CoV‐2, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Yıldırım
- Bioengineering DepartmentAdana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology UniversityAdanaTurkey
| | - Gözde Baydemir Peşint
- Bioengineering DepartmentAdana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology UniversityAdanaTurkey
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42
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Huang S, Chen M, Yu H, Lin K, Guo Y, Zhu P. Co‑expression of tissue kallikrein 1 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 improves myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:166. [PMID: 33355364 PMCID: PMC7789088 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious complication of reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction. At present, there is not an effective treatment strategy available for myocardial I/R. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of human tissue kallikrein 1 (hTK1) and human tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (hTIMP1) gene co‑expression on myocardial I/R injury. A rat model of myocardial I/R injury and a cell model with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs) were established, and treated with adenovirus (Ad)‑hTK1/hTIMP1. Following which, histological and triphenyl‑tetrazolium‑chloride staining assays were performed. Cardiac function was tested by echocardiographic measurement. The serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in rats and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in CMVECs were measured. Additionally, experiments, including immunostaining, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blotting, and MTT, wound healing, Transwell and tube formation assays were also performed. The results of the present study demonstrated that Ad‑hTK1/hTIMP1 alleviated myocardial injury and improved cardiac function in myocardial I/R model rats. Ad‑hTK1/hTIMP1 also significantly enhanced microvessel formation, decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 expression, and reduced oxidative stress in myocardial I/R model rats. Furthermore, Ad‑hTK1/hTIMP1 significantly enhanced proliferation, migration and tube formation in H/R‑treated CMVECs. Additionally, Ad‑hTK1/hTIMP1 significantly decreased intracellular ROS production and γ‑H2A.X variant histone expression levels in H/R‑treated CMVECs. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that co‑expression of hTK1 and hTIMP1 genes displayed significant protective effects on myocardial I/R injury by promoting angiogenesis and suppressing oxidative stress; therefore, co‑expression of hTK1 and hTIMP1 may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Meixian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Huizhen Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital Jinshan Branch, Fuzhou, Fujian 350028, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yansong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Shellard A, Mayor R. Durotaxis: The Hard Path from In Vitro to In Vivo. Dev Cell 2020; 56:227-239. [PMID: 33290722 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Durotaxis, the process by which cells follow gradients of extracellular mechanical stiffness, has been proposed as a mechanism driving directed migration. Despite the lack of evidence for its existence in vivo, durotaxis has become an active field of research, focusing on the mechanism by which cells respond to mechanical stimuli from the environment. In this review, we describe the technical and conceptual advances in the study of durotaxis in vitro, discuss to what extent the evidence suggests durotaxis may occur in vivo, and emphasize the urgent need for in vivo demonstration of durotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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44
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Liebman C, McColloch A, Rabiei M, Bowling A, Cho M. Mechanics of the cell: Interaction mechanisms and mechanobiological models. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2020; 86:143-184. [PMID: 33837692 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The importance of cell mechanics has long been recognized for the cell development and function. Biomechanics plays an important role in cell metabolism, regulation of mechanotransduction pathways and also modulation of nuclear response. The mechanical properties of the cell are likely determined by, among many others, the cytoskeleton elasticity, membrane tension and cell-substrate adhesion. This coordinated but complex mechanical interplay is required however, for the cell to respond to and influence in a reciprocal manner the chemical and mechanical signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM). In an effort to better and more fully understand the cell mechanics, the role of nuclear mechanics has emerged as an important contributor to the overall cellular mechanics. It is not too difficult to appreciate the physical connection between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton network that may be connected to the ECM through the cell membrane. Transmission of forces from ECM through this connection is essential for a wide range of cellular behaviors and functions such as cytoskeletal reorganization, nuclear movement, cell migration and differentiation. Unlike the cellular mechanics that can be measured using a number of biophysical techniques that were developed in the past few decades, it still remains a daunting challenge to probe the nuclear mechanics directly. In this paper, we therefore aim to provide informative description of the cell membrane and cytoskeleton mechanics, followed by unique computational modeling efforts to elucidate the nucleus-cytoskeleton coupling. Advances in our knowledge of complete cellular biomechanics and mechanotransduction may lead to clinical relevance and applications in mechano-diseases such as atherosclerosis, stem cell-based therapies, and the development of tissue engineered products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Liebman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Andrew McColloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Manoochehr Rabiei
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Alan Bowling
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.
| | - Michael Cho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.
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45
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Ning R, Shi Y, Jiang J, Liang S, Xu Q, Duan J, Sun Z. Mitochondrial dysfunction drives persistent vascular fibrosis in rats after short-term exposure of PM 2.5. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139135. [PMID: 32438194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the great majority of toxicological studies have focused on immediate cardiovascular effects of simultaneous exposure to long-term or short-term PM2.5; yet, whether the persistent vascular fibrosis will be induced after short-term PM2.5 exposure and its related underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we adopted SD rats treated with PM2.5 for 1 month and followed by 12 months and 18 months recovery. Results from Doppler ultrasonography and histopathological analysis found that PM2.5-evoked vascular fibrosis was comprised of structural injury, including thickening of aortic media and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), narrow left common carotid artery (LCCA), collagen deposition, impaired elasticity and functional alterations in aortal stiffness during long-term recovery. The protein expression levels of collagen I, collagen III, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PNCA), TGF-β and osteopontin (OPN) remained elevated trends in PM2.5-treated groups for the related period than in control groups. Additionally, PM2.5 upregulated the protein expression levels of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), mitochondrial fission related proteins (Drp1 and Fis1), while downregulated the protein expression levels of mitochondrial fusion related proteins (Mfn2 and OPA1). Moreover, PM2.5 significantly activated the mitophagy-related protein expression, including LC3, p62, PINK, Parkin. In summary, our results demonstrated that short-term PM2.5 exposure could trigger mitophagy, further lead to mitochondrial dysfunction which regulated persistent vascular fibrosis during long-term recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facilities for Electrophysiology, Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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Abstract
Despite the enormous progress achieved in diagnosis and medical therapy of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the last decades, CAD continues to represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, leading to a massive health-care cost and social burden. Due to the dynamic and complex nature of CAD, the mechanisms underlying the progression of atherosclerotic plaque were largely unknown. With the development of metagenomics and bioinformatics, humans are gradually understanding the important role of the gut microbiome on their hosts. Trillions of microbes colonize in the human gut, they digest and absorb nutrients, as well as participate in a series of human functions and regulate the pathogenesis of diseases, including the cardiovascular disease (CVD) that has received much attention. Meanwhile, metabolomics studies have revealed associations between gut microbiota-derived metabolic bioactive signaling modules, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids (BAs), with the progression of CAD. Disturbance of the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites are important factors leading to CAD, which has become a novel target for CAD prevention and treatment. This review provides a brief overview of gut microbiome composition in CAD patients according to the recently reported studies, summarizes the underlying mechanisms, and highlights the prognostic value of the gut microbiome in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital & National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital & National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Ngai D, Lino M, Rothenberg KE, Simmons CA, Fernandez-Gonzalez R, Bendeck MP. DDR1 (Discoidin Domain Receptor-1)-RhoA (Ras Homolog Family Member A) Axis Senses Matrix Stiffness to Promote Vascular Calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1763-1776. [PMID: 32493168 PMCID: PMC7310304 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: Vascular calcification is a pathology characterized by arterial mineralization, which is a common late-term complication of atherosclerosis that independently increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events by fourfold. A major source of calcifying cells is transdifferentiating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Previous studies showed that deletion of the collagen-binding receptor, DDR1 (discoidin domain receptor-1), attenuated VSMC calcification. Increased matrix stiffness drives osteogenesis, and DDR1 has been implicated in stiffness sensing in other cell types; however, the role of DDR1 as a mechanosensor in VSMCs has not been investigated. Here, we test the hypothesis that DDR1 senses increased matrix stiffness and promotes VSMC transdifferentiation and calcification. Approach and Results: Primary VSMCs isolated from Ddr1+/+ (wild-type) and Ddr1−/− (knockout) mice were studied on collagen-I–coated silicon substrates of varying stiffness, culturing in normal or calcifying medium. DDR1 expression and phosphorylation increased with increasing stiffness, as did in vitro calcification, nuclear localization of Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), and expression of other osteochondrocytic markers. By contrast, DDR1 deficient VSMCs were not responsive to stiffness and did not undergo transdifferentiation. DDR1 regulated stress fiber formation and RhoA (ras homolog family member A) activation through the RhoGEF (rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor), Vav2. Inhibition of actomyosin contractility reduced Runx2 activation and attenuated in vitro calcification in wild-type VSMCs. Finally, a novel positive feedforward loop was uncovered between DDR1 and actomyosin contractility, important in regulating DDR1 expression, clustering, and activation. Conclusions: This study provides mechanistic insights into DDR1 mechanosignaling and shows that DDR1 activity and actomyosin contractility are interdependent in mediating stiffness-dependent increases in VSMC calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ngai
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (D.N., M.L., M.P.B.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research (D.N. M.L., K.E.R., C.A.S., R.F.-G., M.P.B.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Marsel Lino
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (D.N., M.L., M.P.B.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research (D.N. M.L., K.E.R., C.A.S., R.F.-G., M.P.B.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Katheryn E Rothenberg
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research (D.N. M.L., K.E.R., C.A.S., R.F.-G., M.P.B.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (K.E.R., C.A.S., R.F.-G.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research (D.N. M.L., K.E.R., C.A.S., R.F.-G., M.P.B.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (K.E.R., C.A.S., R.F.-G.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (C.A.S.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research (D.N. M.L., K.E.R., C.A.S., R.F.-G., M.P.B.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (K.E.R., C.A.S., R.F.-G.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology (R.F.-G.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Michelle P Bendeck
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (D.N., M.L., M.P.B.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research (D.N. M.L., K.E.R., C.A.S., R.F.-G., M.P.B.), University of Toronto, Canada
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Du Y, Xiao H, Wan J, Wang X, Li T, Zheng S, Feng J, Ye Q, Li J, Li G, Fan Z. Atorvastatin attenuates TGF‑β1‑induced fibrogenesis by inhibiting Smad3 and MAPK signaling in human ventricular fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:633-640. [PMID: 32468059 PMCID: PMC7307817 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive proliferation and myofibroblasts transformation of cardiac fibroblasts play a critical role in the process of cardiac fibrosis. Atorvastatin (ATV), a 3‑hydroxy‑3‑methyl‑glutaryl‑coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, is commonly used to treat hypercholesterolemia. It has previously been shown that ATV has potential anti‑fibrotic effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of ATV against cardiac fibrosis remain to be fully elucidated, and to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports focusing on the effects of ATV on transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1)‑induced human ventricular fibroblasts (hVFs) activation. In the present study, hVFs were stimulated with TGF‑β1 with or without pretreatment with ATV. Subsequently, hVF proliferation, cytotoxicity, myofibroblast differentiation and pro‑fibrotic gene expression were assessed. Canonical and non‑canonical signaling downstream of TGF‑β1, such as Smad3 and mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, were investigated by evaluating the phosphorylation levels of Smad3, extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2, p38 MAPK and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase. The results indicated that ATV significantly prevented TGF‑β1‑induced cell proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation and production of extracellular matrix proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinase‑2, collagen I and collagen III, in hVFs. Furthermore, ATV effectively inhibited TGF‑β1‑induced activation of Smad3 and MAPK signaling in hVFs. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that ATV prevented TGF‑β1‑induced fibrogenesis in hVFs, at least in part by inhibiting the Smad3 and MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, these results imply that ATV may be a promising agent to treat myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Du
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongcai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Behrmann A, Zhong D, Li L, Cheng SL, Mead M, Ramachandran B, Sabaeifard P, Goodarzi M, Lemoff A, Kronenberg HM, Towler DA. PTH/PTHrP Receptor Signaling Restricts Arterial Fibrosis in Diabetic LDLR -/- Mice by Inhibiting Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor Relays. Circ Res 2020; 126:1363-1378. [PMID: 32160132 PMCID: PMC7524585 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The PTH1R (PTH [parathyroid hormone]/PTHrP [PTH-related protein] receptor) is expressed in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and increased VSM PTH1R signaling mitigates diet-induced arteriosclerosis in LDLR-/- mice. OBJECTIVE To study the impact of VSM PTH1R deficiency, we generated mice SM22-Cre:PTH1R(fl/fl);LDLR-/- mice (PTH1R-VKO) and Cre-negative controls. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunofluorescence and Western blot confirmed PTH1R expression in arterial VSM that was reduced by Cre-mediated knockout. PTH1R-VKO cohorts exhibited increased aortic collagen accumulation in vivo, and VSM cultures from PTH1R-VKO mice elaborated more collagen (2.5-fold; P=0.01) with elevated Col3a1 and Col1a1 expression. To better understand these profibrotic responses, we performed mass spectrometry on nuclear proteins extracted from Cre-negative controls and PTH1R-VKO VSM. PTH1R deficiency reduced Gata6 but upregulated the MADS (MCM1, Agamous, Deficiens, and Srf DNA-binding domain)-box transcriptional co-regulator, Mkl-1 (megakaryoblastic leukemia [translocation] 1). Co-transfection assays (Col3a1 promoter-luciferase reporter) confirmed PTH1R-mediated inhibition and Mkl-1-mediated activation of Col3a1 transcription. Regulation mapped to a conserved hybrid CT(A/T)6GG MADS-box cognate in the Col3a1 promoter. Mutations of C/G in this motif markedly reduced Col3a1 transcriptional regulation by PTH1R and Mkl-1. Upregulation of Col3a1 and Col1a1 in PTH1R-VKO VSM was inhibited by small interfering RNA targeting Mkl1 and by treatment with the Mkl-1 antagonist CCG1423 or the Rock (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase)-2 inhibitor KD025. Chromatin precipitation demonstrated that VSM PTH1R deficiency increased Mkl-1 binding to Col3a1 and Col1a1, but not TNF, promoters. Proteomic studies of plasma extracellular vesicles and VSM from PTH1R-VKO mice identified C1r (complement component 1, r) and C1s (complement component 1, s), complement proteins involved in vascular collagen metabolism, as potential biomarkers. VSM C1r protein and C1r message were increased with PTH1R deficiency, mediated by Mkl-1-dependent transcription and inhibited by CCG1423 or KD025. CONCLUSIONS PTH1R signaling restricts collagen production in the VSM lineage, in part, via Mkl-1 regulatory circuits that control collagen gene transcription. Strategies that maintain homeostatic VSM PTH1R signaling, as reflected in extracellular vesicle biomarkers of VSM PTH1R/Mkl-1 action, may help mitigate arteriosclerosis and vascular fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain
- Collagen Type III/genetics
- Collagen Type III/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/deficiency
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Vascular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Behrmann
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Dalian Zhong
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Li Li
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Su-Li Cheng
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Megan Mead
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Bindu Ramachandran
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Parastoo Sabaeifard
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | | | - Andrew Lemoff
- Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Henry M. Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dwight A. Towler
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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Vitamin D Attenuates Loss of Endothelial Biomarker Expression in Cardio-Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062196. [PMID: 32235811 PMCID: PMC7139430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is associated with cardiovascular health through activating the vitamin D receptor that targets genes related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) were used to develop mechanically and TGF-β1-induced fibrosis models, and the rat was used as the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced fibrosis model. The rats were injected with ISO for the first five days, followed by vitamin D injection for the consecutive three weeks before being sacrificed on the fourth week. Results showed that mechanical stretching reduced endothelial cell marker CD31 and VE-cadherin protein expressions, as well as increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN). The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) reduced CD31, and increased α-SMA and FN protein expression levels. Vitamin D presence led to higher protein expression of CD31, and lower protein expressions of α-SMA and FN compared to the control in the TGF-β1-induced fibrosis model. Additionally, protein expression of VE-cadherin was increased and fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP1) was decreased after vitamin D treatment in the ISO-induced fibrosis rat. In conclusion, vitamin D slightly inhibited fibrosis development in cell and animal models. Based on this study, the beneficial effect of vitamin D may be insignificant; however, further investigation of vitamin D’s effect in the long-term is required in the future.
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