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Aziz M, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Khan AW. Interplay between epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factors in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117615. [PMID: 38917706 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary heart disease and stroke, comprise the number one cause of mortality worldwide. A major contributor to CVD is atherosclerosis, which is a low-grade inflammatory disease of vasculature that involves a pathological build-up of plaque within the arterial walls. Studies have shown that regulation of gene expression via transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms play a fundamental role in transcriptomic changes linked to the development of atherosclerosis. Chromatin remodeling is a reversible phenomenon and studies have supported the clinical application of chromatin-modifying agents for the prevention and treatment of CVD. In addition, pre-clinical studies have identified multiple transcription factors as potential therapeutic targets in combating atherosclerotic CVD. Although interaction between transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms facilitate gene regulation, a limited number of studies appreciate this crosstalk in the context of CVD. Here, we reviewed this gene regulatory mechanism underappreciated in atherosclerosis, which will highlight the mechanisms underlying novel therapeutics targeting epigenetic modifiers and transcription factors in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Aziz
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Am Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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2
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Sánchez-Ceinos J, Hussain S, Khan AW, Zhang L, Almahmeed W, Pernow J, Cosentino F. Repressive H3K27me3 drives hyperglycemia-induced oxidative and inflammatory transcriptional programs in human endothelium. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:122. [PMID: 38580969 PMCID: PMC10998410 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone modifications play a critical role in chromatin remodelling and regulate gene expression in health and disease. Histone methyltransferases EZH1, EZH2, and demethylases UTX, JMJD3, and UTY catalyse trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). This study was designed to investigate whether H3K27me3 triggers hyperglycemia-induced oxidative and inflammatory transcriptional programs in the endothelium. METHODS We studied human aortic endothelial cells exposed to high glucose (HAEC) or isolated from individuals with diabetes (D-HAEC). RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-qPCR), and confocal microscopy were performed to investigate the role of H3K27me3. We determined superoxide anion (O2-) production by ESR spectroscopy, NF-κB binding activity, and monocyte adhesion. Silencing/overexpression and pharmacological inhibition of chromatin modifying enzymes were used to modulate H3K27me3 levels. Furthermore, isometric tension studies and immunohistochemistry were performed in aorta from wild-type and db/db mice. RESULTS Incubation of HAEC to high glucose showed that upregulation of EZH2 coupled to reduced demethylase UTX and JMJD3 was responsible for the increased H3K27me3. ChIP-qPCR revealed that repressive H3K27me3 binding to superoxide dismutase and transcription factor JunD promoters is involved in glucose-induced O2- generation. Indeed, loss of JunD transcriptional inhibition favours NOX4 expression. Furthermore, H3K27me3-driven oxidative stress increased NF-κB p65 activity and downstream inflammatory genes. Interestingly, EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 rescued these endothelial derangements by reducing H3K27me3. We also found that H3K27me3 epigenetic signature alters transcriptional programs in D-HAEC and aortas from db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 represents a key epigenetic driver of hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. Targeting EZH2 may attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation and, hence, prevent vascular disease in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sánchez-Ceinos
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shafaat Hussain
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liang Zhang
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - John Pernow
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Liu R, Li L, Wang Z, Zhu J, Ji Y. Acetylated Histone Modifications: Intersection of Diabetes and Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:207-219. [PMID: 37989137 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Worldwide, type 2 diabetes is predominant form of diabetes, and it is mainly affected by the environment. Furthermore, the offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorder syndrome may have a higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which indicates that the environmental impact on diabetes prevalence can be transmitted across generations. In the process of diabetes onset and intergenerational transmission, the genetic structure of the individual is not directly changed but is regulated by epigenetics. In this process, genes or histones are modified, resulting in selective expression of proteins. This modification will affect not only the onset of diabetes but also the related onset of atherosclerosis. Acetylation and deacetylation may be important regulatory factors for the above lesions. Therefore, in this review, based on the whole process of atherosclerosis evolution, we explored the possible existence of acetylation/deacetylation caused by diabetes. However, because of the lack of atherosclerosis-related acetylation studies directly based on diabetic models, we also used a small number of experiments involving nondiabetic models of related molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, The Lu' an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China
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Luo X, Shi J, Wang R, Cao L, Gao Y, Wang J, Hong M, Sun X, Zhang Y. Near-Infrared Persistent Luminescence Nanoprobe for Early Detection of Atherosclerotic Plaque. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6500-6512. [PMID: 38348833 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a crucial contributor to various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which seriously threaten human life and health. Early and accurate recognition of AS plaques is essential for the prevention and treatment of CVD. Herein, we introduce an AS-targeting nanoprobe based on near-infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs), developing a highly sensitive NIR persistent luminescence (PersL) AS plaque imaging technique and successfully realizing early AS plaque detection. The nanoprobe exhibits good monodispersity and regular spherical morphology and also owns exceptional NIR PersL performance upon repetitive irradiation by biological window light. The surface-conjugated antibody (anti-osteopontin) endowed nanoprobe excellent targeting ability to foam cells within plaques. After intravenously injected nanoprobe into AS model mice, the highly sensitive PersL imaging technique can accurately detect AS plaques prior to ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Specifically, the NIR PersL imaging reveals AS plaques at the earliest within 2 weeks, with higher signal-to-background ratio (SBR) up to 5.72. Based on this technique, the nanoprobe has great potential for applications in the prevention and treatment of CVD, the study of AS pathogenesis, and the screening of anti-AS drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Science, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Science, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Longlong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Science, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Wang
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Science, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Sun
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
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Raghubeer S. The influence of epigenetics and inflammation on cardiometabolic risks. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:175-184. [PMID: 36804178 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases include metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Epigenetic modifications participate in cardiometabolic diseases through several pathways, including inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Epigenetic modifications, which encompass alterations to gene expression without mutating the DNA sequence, have gained much attention in recent years, since they have been correlated with cardiometabolic diseases and may be targeted for therapeutic interventions. Epigenetic modifications are greatly influenced by environmental factors, such as diet, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and pollution. Some modifications are heritable, indicating that the biological expression of epigenetic alterations may be observed across generations. Moreover, many patients with cardiometabolic diseases present with chronic inflammation, which can be influenced by environmental and genetic factors. The inflammatory environment worsens the prognosis of cardiometabolic diseases and further induces epigenetic modifications, predisposing patients to the development of other metabolism-associated diseases and complications. A deeper understanding of inflammatory processes and epigenetic modifications in cardiometabolic diseases is necessary to improve our diagnostic capabilities, personalized medicine approaches, and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Further understanding may also assist in predicting disease outcomes, especially in children and young adults. This review describes epigenetic modifications and inflammatory processes underlying cardiometabolic diseases, and further discusses advances in the research field with a focus on specific points for interventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanel Raghubeer
- SAMRC/CPUT/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa.
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6
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Jazieh C, Arabi TZ, Asim Z, Sabbah BN, Alsaud AW, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Unraveling the epigenetic fabric of type 2 diabetes mellitus: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1295967. [PMID: 38323108 PMCID: PMC10845351 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1295967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly escalating global health concern, with its prevalence projected to increase significantly in the near future. This review delves into the intricate role of epigenetic modifications - including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression - in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM. We critically examine how these epigenetic changes contribute to the onset and exacerbation of T2DM by influencing key pathogenic processes such as obesity, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, cellular senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we explore the involvement of epigenetic dysregulation in T2DM-associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. This review highlights recent studies that underscore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic modifications in T2DM. We also provide an overview of the impact of lifestyle factors such as exercise and diet on the epigenetic landscape of T2DM, underscoring their relevance in disease management. Our synthesis of the current literature aims to illuminate the complex epigenetic underpinnings of T2DM, offering insights into novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that could revolutionize its management.
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Kumar K, Anjali S, Sharma S. Effect of lead exposure on histone modifications: A review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23547. [PMID: 37867311 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Lead at any levels can result in detrimental health effects affecting various organ systems. These systematic manifestations under Pb exposure and the underlying probable pathophysiological mechanisms have not been elucidated completely. With advancements in molecular research under Pb exposure, epigenetics is one of the emerging field that has opened many possibilities for appreciating the role of Pb exposure in modulating gene expression profiles. In terms of epigenetic alterations reported in Pb toxicity, DNA methylation, and microRNA alterations are extensively explored in both experimental and epidemiological studies, however, the understanding of histone modifications under Pb exposure is still in its infant stage limited to experimental models. In this review, we aim to present a synoptic view of histone modifications explored in relation to Pb exposure attempting to bring out this potential lacunae in research. The scarcity of studies associating histone modifications with Pb toxicity, and the paucity of their validation in human cohort further emphasizes the strong research potential of this field. We summarize the review by presenting our hypotheses regarding the involvement of these histone modification in various diseases modalities associated with Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudha Anjali
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shailja Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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8
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Gladwell LR, Ahiarah C, Rasheed S, Rahman SM, Choudhury M. Traditional Therapeutics and Potential Epidrugs for CVD: Why Not Both? Life (Basel) 2023; 14:23. [PMID: 38255639 PMCID: PMC10820772 DOI: 10.3390/life14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. In addition to the high mortality rate, people suffering from CVD often endure difficulties with physical activities and productivity that significantly affect their quality of life. The high prevalence of debilitating risk factors such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia only predicts a bleak future. Current traditional CVD interventions offer temporary respite; however, they compound the severe economic strain of health-related expenditures. Furthermore, these therapeutics can be prescribed indefinitely. Recent advances in the field of epigenetics have generated new treatment options by confronting CVD at an epigenetic level. This involves modulating gene expression by altering the organization of our genome rather than altering the DNA sequence itself. Epigenetic changes are heritable, reversible, and influenced by environmental factors such as medications. As CVD is physiologically and pathologically diverse in nature, epigenetic interventions can offer a ray of hope to replace or be combined with traditional therapeutics to provide the prospect of addressing more than just the symptoms of CVD. This review discusses various risk factors contributing to CVD, perspectives of current traditional medications in practice, and a focus on potential epigenetic therapeutics to be used as alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rae Gladwell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Chidinma Ahiarah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shireen Rasheed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Zhang L, Xia C, Yang Y, Sun F, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu R, Yuan M. DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications in atherosclerosis and a novel perspective for epigenetic therapy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:344. [PMID: 38031118 PMCID: PMC10688481 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, which is a vascular pathology characterized by inflammation and plaque build-up within arterial vessel walls, acts as the important cause of most cardiovascular diseases. Except for a lipid-depository and chronic inflammatory, increasing evidences propose that epigenetic modifications are increasingly associated with atherosclerosis and are of interest from both therapeutic and biomarker perspectives. The chronic progressive nature of atherosclerosis has highlighted atherosclerosis heterogeneity and the fact that specific cell types in the complex milieu of the plaque are, by far, not the only initiators and drivers of atherosclerosis. Instead, the ubiquitous effects of cell type are tightly controlled and directed by the epigenetic signature, which, in turn, is affected by many proatherogenic stimuli, including low-density lipoprotein, proinflammatory, and physical forces of blood circulation. In this review, we summarize the role of DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications in atherosclerosis. The future research directions and potential therapy for the management of atherosclerosis are also discussed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chenhai Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yongjun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710000, China.
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Bergonzini M, Loreni F, Lio A, Russo M, Saitto G, Cammardella A, Irace F, Tramontin C, Chello M, Lusini M, Nenna A, Ferrisi C, Ranocchi F, Musumeci F. Panoramic on Epigenetics in Coronary Artery Disease and the Approach of Personalized Medicine. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2864. [PMID: 37893238 PMCID: PMC10604795 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). This panoramic review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in CAD pathogenesis and highlights the potential implications for personalized medicine approaches. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes that do not influence alterations in the DNA sequence of the genome. It has been shown that epigenetic processes, including DNA/histone methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, play an important role. Additionally, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs are also involved in epigenetics, regulating gene expression patterns in response to various environmental factors and lifestyle choices. In the context of CAD, epigenetic alterations contribute to the dysregulation of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and vascular function. These epigenetic changes can occur during early developmental stages and persist throughout life, predisposing individuals to an increased risk of CAD. Furthermore, in recent years, the concept of personalized medicine has gained significant attention. Personalized medicine aims to tailor medical interventions based on an individual's unique genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In the context of CAD, understanding the interplay between genetic variants and epigenetic modifications holds promise for the development of more precise diagnostic tools, risk stratification models, and targeted therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms in CAD and discusses the fundamental principles of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Bergonzini
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreni
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Lio
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Saitto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cammardella
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Irace
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Tramontin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Chello
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Lusini
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Nenna
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferrisi
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Ranocchi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Musumeci
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
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Aronova A, Tosato F, Naser N, Asare Y. Innate Immune Pathways in Atherosclerosis-From Signaling to Long-Term Epigenetic Reprogramming. Cells 2023; 12:2359. [PMID: 37830572 PMCID: PMC10571887 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune pathways play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis, from sensing initial danger signals to the long-term reprogramming of immune cells. Despite the success of lipid-lowering therapy, anti-hypertensive medications, and other measures in reducing complications associated with atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Consequently, there is an urgent need to devise novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to alleviate the global burden of CVD. Extensive experimental research and epidemiological studies have demonstrated the dominant role of innate immune mechanisms in the progression of atherosclerosis. Recently, landmark trials including CANTOS, COLCOT, and LoDoCo2 have provided solid evidence demonstrating that targeting innate immune pathways can effectively reduce the risk of CVD. These groundbreaking trials mark a significant paradigm shift in the field and open new avenues for atheroprotective treatments. It is therefore crucial to comprehend the intricate interplay between innate immune pathways and atherosclerosis for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Additionally, unraveling the mechanisms underlying long-term reprogramming may offer novel strategies to reverse the pro-inflammatory phenotype of immune cells and restore immune homeostasis in atherosclerosis. In this review, we present an overview of the innate immune pathways implicated in atherosclerosis, with a specific focus on the signaling pathways driving chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis and the long-term reprogramming of immune cells within atherosclerotic plaque. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing these processes presents exciting opportunities for the development of a new class of immunotherapeutic approaches aimed at reducing inflammation and promoting plaque stability. By addressing these aspects, we can potentially revolutionize the management of atherosclerosis and its associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yaw Asare
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany
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Forman DE, Kuchel GA, Newman JC, Kirkland JL, Volpi E, Taffet GE, Barzilai N, Pandey A, Kitzman DW, Libby P, Ferrucci L. Impact of Geroscience on Therapeutic Strategies for Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease: JACC Scientific Statement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:631-647. [PMID: 37389519 PMCID: PMC10414756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Geroscience posits that cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases result from progressive erosion of the effectiveness of homeostatic mechanisms that oppose age-related accumulation of molecular damage. This hypothetical common root to chronic diseases explains why patients with CVD are often affected by multimorbidity and frailty and why older age negatively affects CVD prognosis and treatment response. Gerotherapeutics enhance resilience mechanisms that counter age-related molecular damage to prevent chronic diseases, frailty, and disability, thereby extending healthspan. Here, we describe the main resilience mechanisms of mammalian aging, with a focus on how they can affect CVD pathophysiology. We next present novel gerotherapeutic approaches, some of which are already used in management of CVD, and explore their potential to transform care and management of CVD. The geroscience paradigm is gaining traction broadly in medical specialties, with potential to mitigate premature aging, reduce health care disparities, and improve population healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Forman
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics and Cardiology) University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; GRECC, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - George A Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - John C Newman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato California, USA; Division of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elena Volpi
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - George E Taffet
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Sciences), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Bronx, New York, USA; Einstein-NSC and Glenn Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ambarish Pandey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Farsetti A, Illi B, Gaetano C. How epigenetics impacts on human diseases. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 114:15-22. [PMID: 37277249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is a rapidly growing field of biology that studies the changes in gene expression that are not due to alterations in the DNA sequence but rather the chemical modifications of DNA and its associated proteins. Epigenetic mechanisms can profoundly influence gene expression, cell differentiation, tissue development, and disease susceptibility. Understanding epigenetic changes is essential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the increasingly recognized role of environmental and lifestyle factors in health and disease and the intergenerational transmission of phenotypes. Recent studies suggest epigenetics may be critical in various diseases, from cardiovascular disease and cancer to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Epigenetic modifications are potentially reversible and could provide new therapeutic avenues for treating these diseases using epigenetic modulators. Moreover, epigenetics provide insight into disease pathogenesis and biomarkers for disease diagnosis and risk stratification. Nevertheless, epigenetic interventions have the potential for unintended consequences and may potentially lead to increased risks of unexpected outcomes, such as adverse drug reactions, developmental abnormalities, and cancer. Therefore, rigorous studies are essential to minimize the risks associated with epigenetic therapies and to develop safe and effective interventions for improving human health. This article provides a synthetic and historical view of the origin of epigenetics and some of the most relevant achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Farsetti
- Istituto di analisi dei sistemi ed informatica "Antonio Ruberti" (IASI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via dei Taurini, 19 - 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Barbara Illi
- Istituto di biologia e Patologia Molecolari, (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Cinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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14
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Sopic M, Robinson EL, Emanueli C, Srivastava P, Angione C, Gaetano C, Condorelli G, Martelli F, Pedrazzini T, Devaux Y. Integration of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:16. [PMID: 37140699 PMCID: PMC10158703 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The number of "omics" approaches is continuously growing. Among others, epigenetics has appeared as an attractive area of investigation by the cardiovascular research community, notably considering its association with disease development. Complex diseases such as cardiovascular diseases have to be tackled using methods integrating different omics levels, so called "multi-omics" approaches. These approaches combine and co-analyze different levels of disease regulation. In this review, we present and discuss the role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating gene expression and provide an integrated view of how these mechanisms are interlinked and regulate the development of cardiac disease, with a particular attention to heart failure. We focus on DNA, histone, and RNA modifications, and discuss the current methods and tools used for data integration and analysis. Enhancing the knowledge of these regulatory mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic approaches and biomarkers for precision healthcare and improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miron Sopic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emma L Robinson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Claudio Angione
- School of Computing, Engineering & Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
- Centre for Digital Innovation, Teesside University, Campus Heart, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK
- National Horizons Centre, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, San Donato Milanese, 20097, Milan, Italy
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg.
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15
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Mannar V, Boro H, Patel D, Agstam S, Dalvi M, Bundela V. Epigenetics of the Pathogenesis and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. TOUCHREVIEWS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2023; 19:46-53. [PMID: 37313245 PMCID: PMC10258626 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2023.19.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has widened our knowledge of various aspects of the disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the important epigenetic changes implicated in the disease risks, pathogenesis, complications and the evolution of therapeutics in our current understanding of T2DM. Studies published in the past 15 years, from 2007 to 2022, from three primary platforms namely PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct were included. Studies were searched using the primary term 'type 2 diabetes and epigenetics' with additional terms such as 'risks', 'pathogenesis', 'complications of diabetes' and 'therapeutics'. Epigenetics plays an important role in the transmission of T2DM from one generation to another. Epigenetic changes are also implicated in the two basic pathogenic components of T2DM, namely insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Hyperglycaemia-i nduced permanent epigenetic modifications of the expression of DNA are responsible for the phenomenon of metabolic memory. Epigenetics influences the development of micro-and macrovascular complications of T2DM. They can also be used as biomarkers in the prediction of these complications. Epigenetics has expanded our understanding of the action of existing drugs such as metformin, and has led to the development of newer targets to prevent vascular complications. Epigenetic changes are involved in almost all aspects of T2DM, from risks, pathogenesis and complications, to the development of newer therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velmurugan Mannar
- Department of Medicine, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College, Puducherry, India
| | - Hiya Boro
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
| | - Deepika Patel
- Department of Endocrinology, Mediheal Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sourabh Agstam
- Department of Cardiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mazhar Dalvi
- Department of Endocrinology, Mediclinic Al Noor Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vikash Bundela
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
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16
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Sharma SB, Melvin WJ, Audu CO, Bame M, Rhoads N, Wu W, Kanthi Y, Knight JS, Adili R, Holinstat MA, Wakefield TW, Henke PK, Moore BB, Gallagher KA, Obi AT. The histone methyltransferase MLL1/KMT2A in monocytes drives coronavirus-associated coagulopathy and inflammation. Blood 2023; 141:725-742. [PMID: 36493338 PMCID: PMC9743412 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus-associated coagulopathy (CAC) is a morbid and lethal sequela of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. CAC results from a perturbed balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis and occurs in conjunction with exaggerated activation of monocytes/macrophages (MO/Mφs), and the mechanisms that collectively govern this phenotype seen in CAC remain unclear. Here, using experimental models that use the murine betacoronavirus MHVA59, a well-established model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we identify that the histone methyltransferase mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1/KMT2A) is an important regulator of MO/Mφ expression of procoagulant and profibrinolytic factors such as tissue factor (F3; TF), urokinase (PLAU), and urokinase receptor (PLAUR) (herein, "coagulopathy-related factors") in noninfected and infected cells. We show that MLL1 concurrently promotes the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines while suppressing the expression of interferon alfa (IFN-α), a well-known inducer of TF and PLAUR. Using in vitro models, we identify MLL1-dependent NF-κB/RelA-mediated transcription of these coagulation-related factors and identify a context-dependent, MLL1-independent role for RelA in the expression of these factors in vivo. As functional correlates for these findings, we demonstrate that the inflammatory, procoagulant, and profibrinolytic phenotypes seen in vivo after coronavirus infection were MLL1-dependent despite blunted Ifna induction in MO/Mφs. Finally, in an analysis of SARS-CoV-2 positive human samples, we identify differential upregulation of MLL1 and coagulopathy-related factor expression and activity in CD14+ MO/Mφs relative to noninfected and healthy controls. We also observed elevated plasma PLAU and TF activity in COVID-positive samples. Collectively, these findings highlight an important role for MO/Mφ MLL1 in promoting CAC and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriganesh B. Sharma
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - William J. Melvin
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Christopher O. Audu
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Monica Bame
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nicole Rhoads
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Weisheng Wu
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Laboratory of Vascular Thrombosis & Inflammation, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason S. Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Reheman Adili
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Michael A. Holinstat
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Thomas W. Wakefield
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Peter K. Henke
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Katherine A. Gallagher
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrea T. Obi
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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17
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Aziz S, Yalan L, Raza MA, Lemin J, Akram HMB, Zhao W. GSK126 an inhibitor of epigenetic regulator EZH2 suppresses cardiac fibrosis by regulating the EZH2-PAX6-CXCL10 pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:87-100. [PMID: 36469862 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a common pathological companion of various cardiovascular diseases. To date, the role of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in cancer has been well demonstrated including in renal carcinoma and its inhibitors have entered the stage of phase I/II clinical trials. However, the precise mechanism of EZH2 in cardiac diseases is largely unclear. In the current study, we first found that EZH2 expression was increased in Ang-II-treated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and mouse heart homogenates following isoproterenol (ISO) administration for 21 days, respectively. Ang-II induces CFs activation and increased collagen-I, collagen-III, α-SMA, EZH2, and trimethylates lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3) expressions can be reversed by EZH2 inhibitor (GSK126) and EZH2 siRNA. The ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis in vivo which were also related to the upregulation of EZH2 and its downstream target, H3K27me3, could be recovered by GSK126. Furthermore, the upregulation of EZH2 induces the decrease of paired box 6 (PAX6) and C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10) "which" were also reversed by GSK126 treatment. In summary, the present evidence strongly suggests that GSK126 could be a therapeutic intervention, blunting the development and progression of myocardial fibrosis in an EZH2-PAX6-CXCL10-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Aziz
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Li Yalan
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Muhammad Ahmer Raza
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiao Lemin
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hafiz Muhamamd Bilal Akram
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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18
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Ibarrola J, Kim SK, Lu Q, DuPont JJ, Creech A, Sun Z, Hill MA, Jaffe JD, Jaffe IZ. Smooth muscle mineralocorticoid receptor as an epigenetic regulator of vascular ageing. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3386-3400. [PMID: 35020830 PMCID: PMC10060709 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vascular stiffness increases with age and independently predicts cardiovascular disease risk. Epigenetic changes, including histone modifications, accumulate with age but the global pattern has not been elucidated nor are the regulators known. Smooth muscle cell-mineralocorticoid receptor (SMC-MR) contributes to vascular stiffness in ageing mice. Thus, we investigated the regulatory role of SMC-MR in vascular epigenetics and stiffness. METHODS AND RESULTS Mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling of all histone modifications completely distinguished 3 from 12-month-old mouse aortas. Histone-H3 lysine-27 (H3K27) methylation (me) significantly decreased in ageing vessels and this was attenuated in SMC-MR-KO littermates. Immunoblotting revealed less H3K27-specific methyltransferase EZH2 with age in MR-intact but not SMC-MR-KO vessels. These ageing changes were examined in primary human aortic (HA)SMC from adult vs. aged donors. MR, H3K27 acetylation (ac), and stiffness gene (connective tissue growth factor, integrin-α5) expression significantly increased, while H3K27me and EZH2 decreased, with age. MR inhibition reversed these ageing changes in HASMC and the decline in stiffness genes was prevented by EZH2 blockade. Atomic force microscopy revealed that MR antagonism decreased intrinsic stiffness and the probability of fibronectin adhesion of aged HASMC. Conversely, ageing induction in young HASMC with H2O2; increased MR, decreased EZH2, enriched H3K27ac and MR at stiffness gene promoters by chromatin immunoprecipitation, and increased stiffness gene expression. In 12-month-old mice, MR antagonism increased aortic EZH2 and H3K27 methylation, increased EZH2 recruitment and decreased H3K27ac at stiffness genes promoters, and prevented ageing-induced vascular stiffness and fibrosis. Finally, in human aortic tissue, age positively correlated with MR and stiffness gene expression and negatively correlated with H3K27me3 while MR and EZH2 are negatively correlated. CONCLUSION These data support a novel vascular ageing model with rising MR in human SMC suppressing EZH2 expression thereby decreasing H3K27me, promoting MR recruitment and H3K27ac at stiffness gene promoters to induce vascular stiffness and suggests new targets for ameliorating ageing-associated vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Ibarrola
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 80, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Seung Kyum Kim
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 80, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Sports Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, 01811 Republic of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Qing Lu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 80, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jennifer J DuPont
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 80, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Amanda Creech
- Broad Institute, Proteomics Platform, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA
| | - Michael A Hill
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA
| | - Jacob D Jaffe
- Broad Institute, Proteomics Platform, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 80, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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19
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Komal S, Han SN, Cui LG, Zhai MM, Zhou YJ, Wang P, Shakeel M, Zhang LR. Epigenetic Regulation of Macrophage Polarization in Cardiovascular Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:141. [PMID: 37259293 PMCID: PMC9963081 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of hospitalization and death worldwide, especially in developing countries. The increased prevalence rate and mortality due to CVDs, despite the development of several approaches for prevention and treatment, are alarming trends in global health. Chronic inflammation and macrophage infiltration are key regulators of the initiation and progression of CVDs. Recent data suggest that epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and RNA modifications, regulate cell development, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, immunity, calcium signaling, and aging in cardiomyocytes; and are involved in macrophage polarization and contribute significantly to cardiac disease development. Cardiac macrophages not only trigger damaging inflammatory responses during atherosclerotic plaque formation, myocardial injury, and heart failure but are also involved in tissue repair, remodeling, and regeneration. In this review, we summarize the key epigenetic modifications that influence macrophage polarization and contribute to the pathophysiology of CVDs, and highlight their potential for the development of advanced epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumra Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sheng-Na Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liu-Gen Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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20
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Wang E, Wang H, Chakrabarti S. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: An underappreciated mediator of diabetic complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1050540. [PMID: 36777351 PMCID: PMC9911675 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications represent a great burden on the global healthcare system. Diabetic complications are fundamentally diseases of the vasculature, with endothelial cells being the centerpiece of early hyperglycemia-induced changes. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a tightly regulated process that results in endothelial cells losing endothelial characteristics and developing mesenchymal traits. Although endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition has been found to occur within most of the major complications of diabetes, it has not been a major focus of study or a common target in the treatment or prevention of diabetic complications. In this review we summarize the importance of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in each major diabetic complication, examine specific mechanisms at play, and highlight potential mechanisms to prevent endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in each of the major chronic complications of diabetes.
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21
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Manea SA, Vlad ML, Lazar AG, Muresian H, Simionescu M, Manea A. Pharmacological Inhibition of Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1A Reduces Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice by a Mechanism Involving Decreased Oxidative Stress and Inflammation; Potential Implications in Human Atherosclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122382. [PMID: 36552592 PMCID: PMC9774905 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms promote transcriptomic and phenotypic alterations in cardiovascular diseases. The role of histone methylation-related pathways in atherosclerosis is largely unknown. We hypothesize that lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1/KDM1A) regulates key molecular effectors and pathways linked to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Human non-atherosclerotic and atherosclerotic tissue specimens, ApoE-/- mice, and in vitro polarized macrophages (Mac) were examined. Male ApoE-/- mice fed a normal/atherogenic diet were randomized to receive GSK2879552, a highly specific LSD1 inhibitor, or its vehicle, for 4 weeks. The mRNA and protein expression levels of LSD1/KDM1A were significantly elevated in atherosclerotic human carotid arteries, atherosclerotic aortas of ApoE-/- mice, and M1-Mac. Treatment of ApoE-/- mice with GSK2879552 significantly reduced the extent of atherosclerotic lesions and the aortic expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (Nox1/2/4, p22phox) and 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts. Concomitantly, the markers of immune cell infiltration and vascular inflammation were significantly decreased. LSD1 blockade down-regulated the expression of genes associated with Mac pro-inflammatory phenotype. Nox subunit transcript levels were significantly elevated in HEK293 reporter cells overexpressing LSD1. In experimental atherosclerosis, LSD1 mediates the up-regulation of molecular effectors connected to oxidative stress and inflammation. Together, these data indicate that LSD1-pharmacological interventions are novel targets for supportive therapeutic strategies in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona-Adriana Manea
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela-Loredana Vlad
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra-Gela Lazar
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Horia Muresian
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, University Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Manea
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
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22
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Chaetocin attenuates atherosclerosis progression and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1270-1282. [PMID: 35428928 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the effect of chaetocin on atherosclerosis and its possible mechanism. In vitro, we observed that chaetocin treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs in concentration- and time-dependent manner. We also found that chaetocin suppressed the migration of VSMCs. Moreover, chaetocin treatment induced a contractile phenotype in VSMCs by increasing α-SMA and SM22α expression. In addition, chaetocin treatment attenuated the accumulation of H3K9me3 on VSMCs contractile gene promoters, which promoted the expression of α-SMA and SM22α. In vivo, chaetocin treatment decreased the H3K9me3 expression, diminished atherosclerotic plaque formation, and increased plaque stability by decreasing necrotic core area and lipid accumulation and increasing collagen content and contractile VSMC phenotype. We demonstrated a new function of chaetocin in inhibiting atherosclerosis progression and increasing plaque stability partly by inhibiting pathological phenotypic switching of VSMCs. These newly identified roles of chaetocin might provide a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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Protective Effect of Galangin Methylation Modification Based on Cell Imaging on Inflammatory Lung Injury and Its Molecular Mechanism. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:7511345. [PMID: 36072628 PMCID: PMC9398807 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7511345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Recently, inflammation has become a major threat to human health. Studies have confirmed that some Chinese traditional medicine ingredients may effectively interfere with the expression of inflammatory mediators through epigenetic modification, showing a great potential of the application. Objective To investigate the role of the PPAR/DNMT3A pathway in the reversal of galangin-mediated inflammatory lung injury, promote the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs, reduce the side effects of chemical synthetic drugs on the body, and prove the effectiveness and safety of galangin in inhibiting inflammatory response and injury. Methods 120 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: (Group 1) LPS group; (Group 2) LPS + galangin group; (Group 3) LPS + galangin + GW9662 group; (Group 4) LPS + galangin + DNMT3A siRNA group; (Group 5) LPS + galangin + siRNA negative group; (Group 6) control group. The model of inflammatory lung injury was established by intrathecal instillation of LPS in the first five groups and NS in the control group. SD survival rate was recorded every 24 hours after modeling, lasting for 168 hours. The lung tissues were taken 168 hours after the establishment of the model. The pathological morphology of lung tissue was observed after the staining under the light microscope, and the lung dry/wet weight ratio was calculated after drying. After NS was perfused into lung tissue, the lavage fluid was collected and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-a were measured by ELISA. The contents of PPAR, DNMT3A, phosphorylated p65, and ERK in monocytes were detected by the WB method, and the binding contents of p65 and AP-1 in the promoter regions of IL-6 and TNF-a genes were detected by the Chip-qPCR method. Results Intraperitoneal injection of galangin could inhibit the synthesis of alveolar inflammatory factors (TFs) in the SD model of lung injury induced by LPS, reduce the degree of pathological injury of lung tissue, and improve the survival rate of the SD model. GW9662 can completely reverse the protective effect, while DNMT3A interference can only partially block its protective effect. In addition, galangin could significantly inhibit the LPS-induced expression of p65 and AP-1 in alveolar monocytes and their binding content in the promoter region of inflammatory genes by activating PPAR/DNMT3A pathway. GW9662 could completely reverse the inhibitory effect of galangin. DNMT3A interference could restore the binding content of transcription factors at the promoter of the inflammatory gene but had no significant effect on its synthesis. Conclusion Galangin can interfere with the binding of transcription factors to inflammatory gene promoters through the methylation modification induced by PPAR/DNMT3A pathway, so as to inhibit the synthesis of inflammatory molecules and reverse inflammatory lung injury.
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Reutersberg B, Düppers P, Menges AL, Schrimpf C, Zimmermann A, Pelisek J. Alterungsbedingte Gefäßveränderungen am Beispiel der Arteria carotis. GEFÄSSCHIRURGIE 2022; 27:231-238. [PMID: 35789693 PMCID: PMC9243795 DOI: 10.1007/s00772-022-00901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Einer der Hauptrisikofaktoren für das Vorliegen einer Karotisstenose und des karotisbedingten Schlaganfalls ist das Lebensalter. Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist die Darstellung des aktuellen Wissensstands über altersbedingte Veränderungen der Gefäße am Beispiel der Karotisstenose. Die Gefäßalterung (vaskuläre Seneszenz) als Abnahme struktureller und funktioneller Eigenschaften der Gefäßwand spielt sich auf verschiedenen Ebenen ab. Auf multizellulärer Ebene kommt es mit zunehmendem Alter hauptsächlich aufgrund von atherosklerotischen Veränderungen der Gefäßwand zu einer Zunahme von Gefäßvolumen und -durchmesser sowie der Intima-Media-Dicke. Auf zellulärer und extrazellulärer Ebene kommt es zur Abnahme von Elastinfasern, glatten Muskelzellen und der Gesamtzellularität sowie zur Zunahme der Lipid‑, Cholesterin- und Kalziumphosphatablagerungen und der Neovaskularisierung. Ursachen der Gefäßalterung auf molekularer Ebene sind insbesondere oxidativer Stress, chronische Entzündungsreaktion, mitochondriale Dysfunktion, epigenetische Veränderungen, Dysregulation der Expression nicht kodierender RNAs (ncRNAs) und die Zunahme der Seneszenz. Der altersbedingte Verlust der Heilungs- und Reparaturfähigkeit des Gewebes macht die Plaques vulnerabler und im Falle der A. carotis anfälliger für ischämische Schlaganfälle. Zunehmende Erkenntnisse über den Einfluss des Alterns auf die Epigenetik und der ncRNAs in atherosklerotischen Plaques kann zukünftig das individuelle Risiko von Patienten genauer quantifizieren und zur Entwicklung zielgerichteter Therapiestrategien beitragen. Weitere Studien sind auf diesem Gebiet jedoch notwendig, um das gesamte Ausmaß der Gefäßalterung und den damit einhergehenden Erkrankungen zu verstehen, damit diesen dann gezielt entgegenwirkt werden kann.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Reutersberg
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Philip Düppers
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Anna-Leonie Menges
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Claudia Schrimpf
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Alexander Zimmermann
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
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25
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Carballo-Perich L, Puigoriol-Illamola D, Bashir S, Terceño M, Silva Y, Gubern-Mérida C, Serena J. Clinical Parameters and Epigenetic Biomarkers of Plaque Vulnerability in Patients with Carotid Stenosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095149. [PMID: 35563540 PMCID: PMC9101730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atheromatous disease is the first cause of death and dependency in developed countries and carotid artery atherosclerosis is one of the main causes of severe ischaemic strokes. Current management strategies are mainly based on the degree of stenosis and patient selection has limited accuracy. This information could be complemented by the identification of biomarkers of plaque vulnerability, which would permit patients at greater and lesser risk of stroke to be distinguished, thus enabling a better selection of patients for surgical or intensive medical treatment. Although several circulating protein-based biomarkers with significance for both the diagnosis of carotid artery disease and its prognosis have been identified, at present, none have been clinically implemented. This review focuses especially on the most relevant clinical parameters to take into account in routine clinical practice and summarises the most up-to-date data on epigenetic biomarkers of carotid atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Carballo-Perich
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), RICORS-ICTUS, Parc Hospitalari Martí I Julià, Edifici M2, 17190 Salt, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (D.P.-I.)
| | - Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), RICORS-ICTUS, Parc Hospitalari Martí I Julià, Edifici M2, 17190 Salt, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (D.P.-I.)
| | - Saima Bashir
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, RICORS-ICTUS, Av. França s/n (7a Planta), 17007 Girona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Mikel Terceño
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, RICORS-ICTUS, Av. França s/n (7a Planta), 17007 Girona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Yolanda Silva
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, RICORS-ICTUS, Av. França s/n (7a Planta), 17007 Girona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (C.G.-M.); Tel.: +34-872-987-087 (C.G.-M.)
| | - Carme Gubern-Mérida
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), RICORS-ICTUS, Parc Hospitalari Martí I Julià, Edifici M2, 17190 Salt, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (D.P.-I.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (C.G.-M.); Tel.: +34-872-987-087 (C.G.-M.)
| | - Joaquín Serena
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, RICORS-ICTUS, Av. França s/n (7a Planta), 17007 Girona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
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26
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Lin Y, Qiu T, Wei G, Que Y, Wang W, Kong Y, Xie T, Chen X. Role of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852272. [PMID: 35280995 PMCID: PMC8908311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a defensive reaction for external stimuli to the human body and generally accompanied by immune responses, which is associated with multiple diseases such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, psoriasis, asthma, chronic lung diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple virus-associated diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms have been demonstrated to play a key role in the regulation of inflammation. Common epigenetic regulations are DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression; among these, histone modifications embrace various post-modifications including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and ADP ribosylation. This review focuses on the significant role of histone modifications in the progression of inflammatory diseases, providing the potential target for clinical therapy of inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guifeng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueyue Que
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichao Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiabin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Yang H, Sun Y, Li Q, Jin F, Dai Y. Diverse Epigenetic Regulations of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:868788. [PMID: 35425818 PMCID: PMC9001883 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging research on epigenetics has resulted in many novel discoveries in atherosclerosis (AS), an inflammaging-associated disease characterized by chronic inflammation primarily driven by macrophages. The bulk of evidence has demonstrated the central role of epigenetic machinery in macrophage polarization to pro- (M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotype. An increasing number of epigenetic alterations and their modifiers involved in reprogramming macrophages by regulating DNA methylation or histone modifications (e.g., methylation, acetylation, and recently lactylation) have been identified. They may act to determine or skew the direction of macrophage polarization in AS lesions, thereby representing a promising target. Here we describe the current understanding of the epigenetic machinery involving macrophage polarization, to shed light on chronic inflammation-driving onset and progression of inflammaging-associated diseases, using AS as a prototypic example, and discuss the challenge for developing effective therapies targeting the epigenetic modifiers against these diseases, particularly highlighting a potential strategy based on epigenetically-governed repolarization from M1-like to M2-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingchao Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengyan Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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28
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Li RL, Wang LY, Liu S, Duan HX, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Peng W, Huang Y, Wu C. Natural Flavonoids Derived From Fruits Are Potential Agents Against Atherosclerosis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:862277. [PMID: 35399657 PMCID: PMC8987282 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.862277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, as a chronic inflammatory response, is one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is induced by endothelial cell dysfunction, migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, accumulation of foam cells and inflammatory response, resulting in plaque accumulation, narrowing and hardening of the artery wall, and ultimately leading to myocardial infarction or sudden death and other serious consequences. Flavonoid is a kind of natural polyphenol compound widely existing in fruits with various structures, mainly including flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavanols, anthocyanins, isoflavones, and chalcone, etc. Because of its potential health benefits, it is now used in supplements, cosmetics and medicines, and researchers are increasingly paying attention to its role in atherosclerosis. In this paper, we will focus on several important nodes in the development of atherosclerotic disease, including endothelial cell dysfunction, smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, foam cell accumulation and inflammatory response. At the same time, through the classification of flavonoids from fruits, the role and potential mechanism of flavonoids in atherosclerosis were reviewed, providing a certain direction for the development of fruit flavonoids in the treatment of atherosclerosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqin Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu-Xinyue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Peng,
| | - Yongliang Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Yongliang Huang,
| | - Chunjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chunjie Wu,
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29
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Histone Methylation and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6023710. [PMID: 35340204 PMCID: PMC8942669 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6023710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when ROS overproduction overwhelms the elimination ability of antioxidants. Accumulated studies have found that oxidative stress is regulated by histone methylation and plays a critical role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Targeting the underlying molecular mechanism to alter the interplay of oxidative stress and histone methylation may enable creative and effective therapeutic strategies to be developed against a variety of cardiovascular disorders. Recently, some drugs targeting epigenetic modifiers have been used to treat specific types of cancers. However, the comprehensive signaling pathways bridging oxidative stress and histone methylation need to be deeply explored in the contexts of cardiovascular physiology and pathology before clinical therapies be developed. In the present review, we summarize and update information on the interplay between histone methylation and oxidative stress during the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, and diabetic macro- and microvascular pathologies.
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30
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Wang K, Gao H, Zhang Y, Yan H, Si J, Mi X, Xia S, Feng X, Liu D, Kong D, Wang T, Ding D. Highly Bright AIE Nanoparticles by Regulating the Substituent of Rhodanine for Precise Early Detection of Atherosclerosis and Drug Screening. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106994. [PMID: 34921573 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes capable of precise detection of atherosclerosis (AS) at an early stage and fast assessment of anti-AS drugs in animal level are particularly valuable. Herein, a highly bright aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanoprobe is introduced by regulating the substituent of rhodanine for early detection of atherosclerotic plaque and screening of anti-AS drugs in a precise, sensitive, and rapid manner. With dicyanomethylene-substituted rhodanine as the electron-withdrawing unit, the AIE luminogen named TPE-T-RCN shows the highest molar extinction coefficient, the largest photoluminescence quantum yield, and the most redshifted absorption/emission spectra simultaneously as compared to the control compounds. The nanoprobes are obtained with an amphiphilic copolymer as the matrix encapsulating TPE-T-RCN molecules, which are further surface functionalized with anti-CD47 antibody for specifically binding to CD47 overexpressed in AS plaques. Such nanoprobes allow efficient recognition of AS plaques at different stages in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/- ) mice, especially for the recognition of early-stage AS plaques prior to micro-computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These features impel to apply the nanoprobes in monitoring the therapeutic effects of anti-AS drugs, providing a powerful tool for anti-AS drug screening. Their potential use in targeted imaging of human carotid plaque is further demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Heqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianghua Si
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingyan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xuequan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Deling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
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31
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Sharma R, Sharma S, Thakur A, Singh A, Singh J, Nepali K, Liou JP. The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Autoimmune, Neurodegenerative, Cardiovascular, and Imprinting Disorders. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1977-2011. [PMID: 35176978 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220217103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mutations like aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications, or RNA silencing are found in a number of human diseases. This review article discusses the epigenetic mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disorders, auto-immune disorder, and genomic imprinting disorders. In addition, emerging epigenetic therapeutic strategies for the treatment of such disorders are presented. Medicinal chemistry campaigns highlighting the efforts of the chemists invested towards the rational design of small molecule inhibitors have also been included. Pleasingly, several classes of epigenetic inhibitors, DNMT, HDAC, BET, HAT, and HMT inhibitors along with RNA based therapies have exhibited the potential to emerge as therapeutics in the longer run. It is quite hopeful that epigenetic modulator-based therapies will advance to clinical stage investigations by leaps and bounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arshdeep Singh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jagjeet Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Rayat-Bahara Group of Institutes, Hoshiarpur, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tang H, Zeng Z, Shang C, Li Q, Liu J. Epigenetic Regulation in Pathology of Atherosclerosis: A Novel Perspective. Front Genet 2022; 12:810689. [PMID: 34976029 PMCID: PMC8714670 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.810689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, characterized by atherosclerotic plaques, is a complex pathological process that involves different cell types and can be seen as a chronic inflammatory disease. In the advanced stage, the ruptured atherosclerotic plaque can induce deadly accidents including ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Epigenetics regulation, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA modification. maintains cellular identity via affecting the cellular transcriptome. The epigenetic modification process, mediating by epigenetic enzymes, is dynamic under various stimuli, which can be reversely altered. Recently, numerous studies have evidenced the close relationship between atherosclerosis and epigenetic regulations in atherosclerosis, providing us with a novel perspective in researching mechanisms and finding novel therapeutic targets of this serious disease. Here, we critically review the recent discoveries between epigenetic regulation mechanisms in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishuang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangwei Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghao Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Cao YC, Shan SK, Guo B, Li CC, Li FXZ, Zheng MH, Xu QS, Wang Y, Lei LM, Tang KX, Ou-Yang WL, Duan JY, Wu YY, Ullah MHE, Zhou ZA, Xu F, Lin X, Wu F, Liao XB, Yuan LQ. Histone Lysine Methylation Modification and Its Role in Vascular Calcification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:863708. [PMID: 35784574 PMCID: PMC9243330 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.863708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation is an epigenetic change mediated by histone methyltransferase, and has been connected to the beginning and progression of several diseases. The most common ailments that affect the elderly are cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. They are the leading causes of death, and their incidence is linked to vascular calcification (VC). The key mechanism of VC is the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like phenotypes, which is a highly adjustable process involving a variety of complex pathophysiological processes, such as metabolic abnormalities, apoptosis, oxidative stress and signalling pathways. Many researchers have investigated the mechanism of VC and related targets for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Their findings revealed that histone lysine methylation modification may play a key role in the various stages of VC. As a result, a thorough examination of the role and mechanism of lysine methylation modification in physiological and pathological states is critical, not only for identifying specific molecular markers of VC and new therapeutic targets, but also for directing the development of new related drugs. Finally, we provide this review to discover the association between histone methylation modification and VC, as well as diverse approaches with which to investigate the pathophysiology of VC and prospective treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Chi Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang-Chun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Min Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke-Xin Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Lu Ou-Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Yue Duan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-Yun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Hasnain Ehsan Ullah
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Ang Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Qing Yuan,
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Bompada P, Goncalves I, Wu C, Gao R, Sun J, Mir BA, Luan C, Renström E, Groop L, Weng J, Hansson O, Edsfeldt A, De Marinis Y. Epigenome-Wide Histone Acetylation Changes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121908. [PMID: 34944721 PMCID: PMC8698994 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence of an association between epigenetic modifications, glycemic control and atherosclerosis risk. In this study, we mapped genome-wide epigenetic changes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and advanced atherosclerotic disease. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) using a histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) mark in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with atherosclerosis with T2D (n = 8) or without T2D (ND, n = 10). We mapped epigenome changes and identified 23,394 and 13,133 peaks in ND and T2D individuals, respectively. Out of all the peaks, 753 domains near the transcription start site (TSS) were unique to T2D. We found that T2D in atherosclerosis leads to an H3K9ac increase in 118, and loss in 63 genomic regions. Furthermore, we discovered an association between the genomic locations of significant H3K9ac changes with genetic variants identified in previous T2D GWAS. The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146, together with several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants, were among the domains with the most dramatic changes of H3K9ac enrichments. Pathway analysis revealed multiple activated pathways involved in immunity, including type 1 diabetes. Our results present novel evidence on the interaction between genetics and epigenetics, as well as epigenetic changes related to immunity in patients with T2D and advanced atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Bompada
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden; (P.B.); (C.W.); (B.A.M.); (C.L.); (E.R.); (L.G.); (O.H.)
| | - Isabel Goncalves
- Cardiovascular Research-Translational Studies, Institution of Clinical Science Malmö, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden; (I.G.); (J.S.); (A.E.)
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Chuanyan Wu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden; (P.B.); (C.W.); (B.A.M.); (C.L.); (E.R.); (L.G.); (O.H.)
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- School of Intelligent Engineering, Shandong Management University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (Y.D.M.); Tel.: +86-135-0531-8418 (R.G.); +46-760-384-868 (Y.D.M.)
| | - Jiangming Sun
- Cardiovascular Research-Translational Studies, Institution of Clinical Science Malmö, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden; (I.G.); (J.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden; (P.B.); (C.W.); (B.A.M.); (C.L.); (E.R.); (L.G.); (O.H.)
| | - Cheng Luan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden; (P.B.); (C.W.); (B.A.M.); (C.L.); (E.R.); (L.G.); (O.H.)
| | - Erik Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden; (P.B.); (C.W.); (B.A.M.); (C.L.); (E.R.); (L.G.); (O.H.)
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden; (P.B.); (C.W.); (B.A.M.); (C.L.); (E.R.); (L.G.); (O.H.)
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jianping Weng
- Clinical Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230001, China;
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Life Sciences of Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden; (P.B.); (C.W.); (B.A.M.); (C.L.); (E.R.); (L.G.); (O.H.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki University, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Edsfeldt
- Cardiovascular Research-Translational Studies, Institution of Clinical Science Malmö, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden; (I.G.); (J.S.); (A.E.)
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yang De Marinis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden; (P.B.); (C.W.); (B.A.M.); (C.L.); (E.R.); (L.G.); (O.H.)
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Clinical Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230001, China;
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Life Sciences of Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (Y.D.M.); Tel.: +86-135-0531-8418 (R.G.); +46-760-384-868 (Y.D.M.)
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Gao L, Yu W, Song P, Li Q. Non-histone methylation of SET7/9 and its biological functions. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:231-243. [PMID: 34856916 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666211202160041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (su(var)-3-9,enhancer-of-zeste,trithorax) domain-containing protein 7/9 (SET7/9) is a member of the protein lysine methyltransferases (PLMTs or PKMTs) family. It contains a SET domain. Recent studies demonstrate that SET7/9 methylates both lysine 4 of histone 3 (H3-K4) and lysine(s) of non-histone proteins, including transcription factors, tumor suppressors, and membrane-associated receptors. OBJECTIVE This article mainly reviews the non-histone methylation effects of SET7/9 and its functions in tumorigenesis and development. METHODS PubMed was screened for this information. RESULTS SET7/9 plays a key regulatory role in various biological processes such as cell proliferation, transcription regulation, cell cycle, protein stability, cardiac morphogenesis, and development. In addition, SET7/9 is involved in the pathogenesis of hair loss, breast cancer progression, human carotid plaque atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, obesity, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSION SET7/9 is an important methyltransferase, which can catalyze the methylation of a variety of proteins. Its substrates are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Department of Pathology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299. China
| | - Weiping Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical school of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu. China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Pathology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299. China
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Castro R, Whalen CA, Gullette S, Mattie FJ, Florindo C, Heil SG, Huang NK, Neuberger T, Ross AC. A Hypomethylating Ketogenic Diet in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice: A Pilot Study on Vascular Effects and Specific Epigenetic Changes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103576. [PMID: 34684577 PMCID: PMC8537671 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteneinemia (HHcy) is common in the general population and is a risk factor for atherosclerosis by mechanisms that are still elusive. A hypomethylated status of epigenetically relevant targets may contribute to the vascular toxicity associated with HHcy. Ketogenic diets (KD) are diets with a severely restricted amount of carbohydrates that are being widely used, mainly for weight-loss purposes. However, studies associating nutritional ketosis and HHcy are lacking. This pilot study investigates the effects of mild HHcy induced by nutritional manipulation of the methionine metabolism in the absence of dietary carbohydrates on disease progression and specific epigenetic changes in the apolipoprotein-E deficient (apoE-/-) mouse model. ApoE-/- mice were either fed a KD, a diet with the same macronutrient composition but low in methyl donors (low methyl KD, LMKD), or control diet. After 4, 8 or 12 weeks plasma was collected for the quantification of: (1) nutritional ketosis, (i.e., the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate using a colorimetric assay); (2) homocysteine by HPLC; (3) the methylating potential S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio (AdoHcy/AdoMet) by LC-MS/MS; and (4) the inflammatory cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) by ELISA. After 12 weeks, aortas were collected to assess: (1) the vascular AdoHcy/AdoMet ratio; (2) the volume of atherosclerotic lesions by high-field magnetic resonance imaging (14T-MRI); and (3) the content of specific epigenetic tags (H3K27me3 and H3K27ac) by immunofluorescence. The results confirmed the presence of nutritional ketosis in KD and LMKD mice but not in the control mice. As expected, mild HHcy was only detected in the LMKD-fed mice. Significantly decreased MCP1 plasma levels and plaque burden were observed in control mice versus the other two groups, together with an increased content of one of the investigated epigenetic tags (H3K27me3) but not of the other (H3K27ac). Moreover, we are unable to detect any significant differences at the p < 0.05 level for MCP1 plasma levels, vascular AdoMet:AdoHcy ratio levels, plaque burden, and specific epigenetic content between the latter two groups. Nevertheless, the systemic methylating index was significantly decreased in LMKD mice versus the other two groups, reinforcing the possibility that the levels of accumulated homocysteine were insufficient to affect vascular transmethylation reactions. Further studies addressing nutritional ketosis in the presence of mild HHcy should use a higher number of animals and are warranted to confirm these preliminary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-865-2938
| | - Courtney A. Whalen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Sean Gullette
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.); (T.N.)
| | - Floyd J. Mattie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Cristina Florindo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Sandra G. Heil
- Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Neil K. Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.); (T.N.)
- Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
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Gharipour M, Mani A, Amini Baghbahadorani M, de Souza Cardoso CK, Jahanfar S, Sarrafzadegan N, de Oliveira C, Silveira EA. How Are Epigenetic Modifications Related to Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9949. [PMID: 34576113 PMCID: PMC8470616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of aging has increased globally during recent decades and has led to a rising burden of age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). At the molecular level, epigenetic modifications have been shown recently to alter gene expression during the life course and impair cellular function. In this regard, several CVD risk factors, such as lifestyle and environmental factors, have emerged as key factors in epigenetic modifications within the cardiovascular system. In this study, we attempted to summarized recent evidence related to epigenetic modification, inflammation response, and CVD in older adults as well as the effect of lifestyle modification as a preventive strategy in this age group. Recent evidence showed that lifestyle and environmental factors may affect epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and miRNA expression. Several substances or nutrients such as selenium, magnesium, curcumin, and caffeine (present in coffee and some teas) could regulate epigenetics. Similarly, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, air pollutants, psychological stress, and shift working are well-known modifiers of epigenetic patterns. Understanding the exact ways that lifestyle and environmental factors could affect the expression of genes could help to influence the time of incidence and severity of aging-associated diseases. This review highlighted that a healthy lifestyle throughout the life course, such as a healthy diet rich in fibers, vitamins, and essential elements, and specific fatty acids, adequate physical activity and sleep, smoking cessation, and stress control, could be useful tools in preventing epigenetic changes that lead to impaired cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Gharipour
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Arya Mani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Mona Amini Baghbahadorani
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Camila Kellen de Souza Cardoso
- School of Social Sciences and Health, Nutrition Course, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias, Goiânia 74605-010, Brazil;
| | - Shayesteh Jahanfar
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MI 02111, USA;
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
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Vanchin B, Sol M, Gjaltema RAF, Brinker M, Kiers B, Pereira AC, Harmsen MC, Moonen JRAJ, Krenning G. Reciprocal regulation of endothelial-mesenchymal transition by MAPK7 and EZH2 in intimal hyperplasia and coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17764. [PMID: 34493753 PMCID: PMC8423795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a form of endothelial dysfunction wherein endothelial cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype and lose endothelial functions, which contributes to the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. The mitogen activated protein kinase 7 (MAPK7) inhibits EndMT and decreases the expression of the histone methyltransferase Enhancer-of-Zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), thereby maintaining endothelial quiescence. EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 that methylates lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3). It is elusive how the crosstalk between MAPK7 and EZH2 is regulated in the endothelium and if the balance between MAPK7 and EZH2 is disturbed in vascular disease. In human coronary artery disease, we assessed the expression levels of MAPK7 and EZH2 and found that with increasing intima/media thickness ratio, MAPK7 expression decreased, whereas EZH2 expression increased. In vitro, MAPK7 activation decreased EZH2 expression, whereas endothelial cells deficient of EZH2 had increased MAPK7 activity. MAPK7 activation results in increased expression of microRNA (miR)-101, a repressor of EZH2. This loss of EZH2 in turn results in the increased expression of the miR-200 family, culminating in decreased expression of the dual-specificity phosphatases 1 and 6 who may repress MAPK7 activity. Transfection of endothelial cells with miR-200 family members decreased the endothelial sensitivity to TGFβ1-induced EndMT. In endothelial cells there is reciprocity between MAPK7 signaling and EZH2 expression and disturbances in this reciprocal signaling associate with the induction of EndMT and severity of human coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byambasuren Vanchin
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Jamyan St 3, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Marloes Sol
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger A F Gjaltema
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Brinker
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Kiers
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology (LIM13), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Eneas C. Aguiar 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology (LIM13), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Eneas C. Aguiar 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Renier A J Moonen
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (CA40), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Jin F, Li J, Guo J, Doeppner TR, Hermann DM, Yao G, Dai Y. Targeting epigenetic modifiers to reprogramme macrophages in non-resolving inflammation-driven atherosclerosis. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2021; 1:oeab022. [PMID: 35919269 PMCID: PMC9241575 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenomic and epigenetic research has been providing several new insights into a variety of diseases caused by non-resolving inflammation, including cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis (AS) has long been recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial walls, characterized by local persistent and stepwise accelerating inflammation without resolution, also known as uncontrolled inflammation. The pathogenesis of AS is driven primarily by highly plastic macrophages via their polarization to pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes as well as other novel subtypes recently identified by single-cell sequencing. Although emerging evidence has indicated the key role of the epigenetic machinery in the regulation of macrophage plasticity, the investigation of epigenetic alterations and modifiers in AS and related inflammation is still in its infancy. An increasing number of the epigenetic modifiers (e.g. TET2, DNMT3A, HDAC3, HDAC9, JMJD3, KDM4A) have been identified in epigenetic remodelling of macrophages through DNA methylation or histone modifications (e.g. methylation, acetylation, and recently lactylation) in inflammation. These or many unexplored modifiers function to determine or switch the direction of macrophage polarization via transcriptional reprogramming of gene expression and intracellular metabolic rewiring upon microenvironmental cues, thereby representing a promising target for anti-inflammatory therapy in AS. Here, we review up-to-date findings involving the epigenetic regulation of macrophages to shed light on the mechanism of uncontrolled inflammation during AS onset and progression. We also discuss current challenges for developing an effective and safe anti-AS therapy that targets the epigenetic modifiers and propose a potential anti-inflammatory strategy that repolarizes macrophages from pro- to anti-inflammatory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Dong Dan Dahua Road, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Robert-Koch-Str. 40 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Gang Yao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 519 Dong Min Zhu Street, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
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Tonyan ZN, Nasykhova YA, Danilova MM, Glotov AS. Genetics of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1200-1219. [PMID: 34512887 PMCID: PMC8394234 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i8.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that currently affects more than 400 million worldwide and is projected to cause 552 million cases by the year 2030. Long-term vascular complications, such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. The recent advances in genome-wide technologies have given a powerful impetus to the study of risk markers for multifactorial diseases. To date, the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in modulating susceptibility to T2DM and its vascular complications is being successfully studied that provides the accumulation of genomic knowledge. In the future, this will provide an opportunity to reveal the pathogenetic pathways in the development of the disease and allow to predict the macrovascular complications in T2DM patients. This review is focused on the evidence of the role of genetic variants and epigenetic changes in the development of macrovascular pathology in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziravard N Tonyan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Yulia A Nasykhova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Laboratory of Biobanking and Genomic Medicine of Institute of Translation Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Maria M Danilova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Andrey S Glotov
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Laboratory of Biobanking and Genomic Medicine of Institute of Translation Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Zurek M, Aavik E, Mallick R, Ylä-Herttuala S. Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching in Atherosclerotic Artery Remodeling: A Mini-Review. Front Genet 2021; 12:719456. [PMID: 34422021 PMCID: PMC8375552 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.719456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by extensive remodeling of medium and large-sized arteries. Inward remodeling (=lumen shrinkage) of the vascular walls is the underlying cause for ischemia in target organs. Therefore, inward remodeling can be considered the predominant feature of atherosclerotic pathology. Outward remodeling (=lumen enlargement) is a physiological response compensating for lumen shrinkage caused by neointimal hyperplasia, but as a pathological response to changes in blood flow, outward remodeling leads to substantial arterial wall thinning. Thinned vascular walls are prone to rupture, and subsequent thrombus formation accounts for the majority of acute cardiovascular events. Pathological remodeling is driven by inflammatory cells which induce vascular smooth muscle cells to switch from quiescent to a proliferative and migratory phenotype. After decades of intensive research, the molecular mechanisms of arterial remodeling are starting to unfold. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge of the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype involved in arterial remodeling and discuss potential therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Zurek
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Wei X, Zhang Y, Xie L, Wang K, Wang X. Pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 by GSK126 decreases atherosclerosis by modulating foam cell formation and monocyte adhesion in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:841. [PMID: 34149887 PMCID: PMC8210282 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications play an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis in human and atherosclerosis-prone mice. Histone methylation in macrophages, monocytes and endothelial cells markedly influence the progression of atherosclerosis. However, it remains unclear whether treatment with a histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor may suppress atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to determine the effects of the EZH2 inhibitor, GSK126, on the suppression and regression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse models. In vitro, it was found that pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 by GSK126 markedly reduced lipid transportation and monocyte adhesion during atherogenesis, predominantly through increasing the expression levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and suppressing vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in human THP-1 cells. In vivo, it was found that atherosclerotic plaques in GSK126-treated mice were significantly decreased when comparing with the vehicle-treated animals. These results indicated that the GSK126 has the ability to attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis by reducing macrophage foam cell formation and monocyte adhesion in cell and mouse models. In conclusion, the present study provided new insights into the molecular mechanism behind the action of GSK126 and suggested its therapeutic potential for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Lianna Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
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EZH2 as an epigenetic regulator of cardiovascular development and diseases. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:192-201. [PMID: 34029268 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2) is an enzymatic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and is responsible for catalyzing mono-, di-, and trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine-27(H3K27me1/2/3). Many noncoding RNAs or signaling pathways are involved in EZH2 functional alterations. This new epigenetic regulation of target genes is able to silence downstream gene expression and modify physiological and pathological processes in heart development, cardiomyocyte regeneration and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertrophy, ischemic heart diseases, atherosclerosis and cardiac fibrosis. Targeting the function of EZH2 could be a potential therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases.
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Khan A, Paneni F, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Cell-specific epigenetic changes in atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1165-1187. [PMID: 33988232 PMCID: PMC8314213 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium arteries that can lead to life-threatening cerebrovascular and cardiovascular consequences such as heart failure and stroke and is a major contributor to cardiovascular-related mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis development is a complex process that involves specific structural, functional and transcriptional changes in different vascular cell populations at different stages of the disease. The application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis has discovered not only disease-related cell-specific transcriptomic profiles but also novel subpopulations of cells once thought as homogenous cell populations. Vascular cells undergo specific transcriptional changes during the entire course of the disease. Epigenetics is the instruction-set-architecture in living cells that defines and maintains the cellular identity by regulating the cellular transcriptome. Although different cells contain the same genetic material, they have different epigenomic signatures. The epigenome is plastic, dynamic and highly responsive to environmental stimuli. Modifications to the epigenome are driven by an array of epigenetic enzymes generally referred to as writers, erasers and readers that define cellular fate and destiny. The reversibility of these modifications raises hope for finding novel therapeutic targets for modifiable pathological conditions including atherosclerosis where the involvement of epigenetics is increasingly appreciated. This article provides a critical review of the up-to-date research in the field of epigenetics mainly focusing on in vivo settings in the context of the cellular role of individual vascular cell types in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Cardiovascular Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin A.M. Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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Fischer MA, Vondriska TM. Clinical epigenomics for cardiovascular disease: Diagnostics and therapies. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 154:97-105. [PMID: 33561434 PMCID: PMC8330446 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The study of epigenomics has advanced in recent years to span the regulation of a single genetic locus to the structure and orientation of entire chromosomes within the nucleus. In this review, we focus on the challenges and opportunities of clinical epigenomics in cardiovascular disease. As an integrator of genetic and environmental inputs, and because of advances in measurement techniques that are highly reproducible and provide sequence information, the epigenome is a rich source of potential biosignatures of cardiovascular health and disease. Most of the studies to date have focused on the latter, and herein we discuss observations on epigenomic changes in human cardiovascular disease, examining the role of protein modifiers of chromatin, noncoding RNAs and DNA modification. We provide an overview of cardiovascular epigenomics, discussing the challenges of data sovereignty, data analysis, doctor-patient ethics and innovations necessary to implement precision health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Fischer
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA.
| | - Thomas M Vondriska
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
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Xie L, Ding N, Zhang H, Liu K, Xiong J, Ma S, Yang A, Zhang H, Jiang Y. SNF5 promotes IL-1β expression via H3K4me1 in atherosclerosis induced by homocysteine. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 135:105974. [PMID: 33831591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a strong and independent risk factor of atherosclerosis. It can accelerate atherosclerosis through increased production of inflammatory factors, especially interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), while the precise mechanisms remain to be well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of the tumor suppressor gene SNF5 related to switch/sucrose non-fermentable complex (SWI/SNF) in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis induced by Hcy. Using Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) atherosclerotic model with apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed with high-methionine diet, we showed that Hcy aggravates inflammation in macrophages during the atherosclerotic plaque formation. Further analysis showed that SNF5 promotes IL-1β expression and secretion. In addition, due to the existence of H3K4 methylation signals in the vicinity of IL-1β, we found that Hcy significantly promotes the expression of H3K4me1, and lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A) acts as a transcriptional repressor to regulate the expression of H3K4me1 by demethylating H3K4me1. In summary, our results demonstrated that Hcy up-regulates the expression of SNF5 through KDM1A, resulting in an increased level of H3K4me1 modification and IL-1β in macrophages, which in turn promotes the formation of atherosclerosis. Our study will provide more evidence for further revealing the specific mechanism of Hcy-induced inflammation and the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Kun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jiantuan Xiong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Anning Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Prenatal Diagnosis Center of General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Yideng Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Fledderus J, Vanchin B, Rots MG, Krenning G. The Endothelium as a Target for Anti-Atherogenic Therapy: A Focus on the Epigenetic Enzymes EZH2 and SIRT1. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020103. [PMID: 33562658 PMCID: PMC7915331 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell inflammatory activation and dysfunction are key events in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. Yet, therapies specifically targeting the endothelium and atherosclerosis are lacking. Here, we review how endothelial behaviour affects atherogenesis and pose that the endothelium may be an efficacious cellular target for antiatherogenic therapies. We discuss the contribution of endothelial inflammatory activation and dysfunction to atherogenesis and postulate that the dysregulation of specific epigenetic enzymes, EZH2 and SIRT1, aggravate endothelial dysfunction in a pleiotropic fashion. Moreover, we propose that commercially available drugs are available to clinically explore this postulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Fledderus
- Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.F.); (B.V.)
| | - Byambasuren Vanchin
- Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.F.); (B.V.)
- Department Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Jamyan St 3, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Marianne G. Rots
- Epigenetic Editing, Medical Biology Section, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Guido Krenning
- Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.F.); (B.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-50-361-8043; Fax: +31-50-361-9911
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Sumi MP, Mahajan B, Sattar RSA, Nimisha, Apurva, Kumar A, Sharma AK, Ahmad E, Ali A, Saluja SS. Elucidation of Epigenetic Landscape in Coronary Artery Disease: A Review on Basic Concept to Personalized Medicine. Epigenet Insights 2021; 14:2516865720988567. [PMID: 33598635 PMCID: PMC7863167 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720988567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive clinical research and management protocols applied in the field of coronary artery diseases (CAD), it still holds the number 1 position in mortality worldwide. This indicates that we need to work on precision medicine to discover the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic targets to improve the outcome of CAD. In precision medicine, epigenetic changes play a vital role in disease onset and progression. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes that do not affect the alterations of DNA sequence in the genome. It comprises various covalent modifications that occur in DNA or histone proteins affecting the spatial arrangement of the DNA and histones. These multiple modifications include DNA/histone methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and SUMOylation. Besides these covalent modifications, non-coding RNAs-viz. miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA are also involved in epigenetics. Smoking, alcohol, diet, environmental pollutants, obesity, and lifestyle are some of the prime factors affecting epigenetic alterations. Novel molecular techniques such as next-generation sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry have been developed to identify important cross points in the epigenetic web in relation to various diseases. The studies regarding exploration of epigenetics, have led researchers to identify multiple diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets that are being used in different disease diagnosis and management. Here in this review, we will discuss various ground-breaking contributions of past and recent studies in the epigenetic field in concert with coronary artery diseases. Future prospects of epigenetics and its implication in CAD personalized medicine will also be discussed in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta P Sumi
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Real Sumayya Abdul Sattar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Nimisha
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Apurva
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Haritha VH, George A, Shaji BV, Anie Y. NET-associated citrullinated histones promote LDL aggregation and foam cell formation in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112320. [PMID: 33058833 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils have been recently identified in the atherosclerotic lesion and they can release neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) under the pro-inflammatory conditions prevailing in the lesion. Citrullinated histones (Cit-histones) are the major type of citrullinated proteins associated with NET release. Since elevated levels of citrullinated proteins have been detected in inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, this study analysed the role played by NET and Cit-histones in different atherogenic events in vitro. First, neutrophil recruitment and NET release in the presence of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidised LDL (Ox-LDL) were analysed by Boyden's chamber method and microscopy respectively. Then, LDL oxidation and LDL aggregation in the presence of NET and Cit-histones were analysed spectroscopically. Foam cell formation in the presence of NET or Cit-histone was studied by both microscopic and spectroscopic methods. While neutrophil recruitment was facilitated by Ox-LDL and not by LDL, the extent of NET release was significantly increased in the presence of both LDL and Ox-LDL. In the presence of NET, LDL oxidation, aggregation and foam cell formation were found to be increased. Cit-histones were found to accelerate LDL aggregation and foam cell formation at higher citrulline levels. Altogether, the results suggest that both NET and NET-associated Cit-histone released at the lesion can play major roles as pro-atherogenic mediators. Inhibiting the action of NET or Cit-histone would, therefore, be beneficial in slowing down atherosclerotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Haritha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
| | - Anjana George
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
| | - Binchu V Shaji
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
| | - Y Anie
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
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50
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Wasiak S, Dzobo KE, Rakai BD, Kaiser Y, Versloot M, Bahjat M, Stotz SC, Fu L, Sweeney M, Johansson JO, Wong NCW, Stroes ESG, Kroon J, Kulikowski E. BET protein inhibitor apabetalone (RVX-208) suppresses pro-inflammatory hyper-activation of monocytes from patients with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:166. [PMID: 33172487 PMCID: PMC7657365 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (DM2) have a high residual risk for experiencing a major adverse cardiac event. Dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms of gene transcription in innate immune cells contributes to CVD development but is currently not targeted by therapies. Apabetalone (RVX-208) is a small molecule inhibitor of bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins—histone acetylation readers that drive pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic gene transcription. Here, we assess the impact of apabetalone on ex vivo inflammatory responses of monocytes from DM2 + CVD patients. Results Monocytes isolated from DM2 + CVD patients and matched controls were treated ex vivo with apabetalone, interferon γ (IFNγ), IFNγ + apabetalone or vehicle and phenotyped for gene expression and protein secretion. Unstimulated DM2 + CVD monocytes had higher baseline IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-8 cytokine gene expression and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 surface abundance than control monocytes, indicating pro-inflammatory activation. Further, DM2 + CVD monocytes were hyper-responsive to stimulation with IFNγ, upregulating genes within cytokine and NF-κB pathways > 30% more than control monocytes (p < 0.05). Ex vivo apabetalone treatment countered cytokine secretion by DM2 + CVD monocytes at baseline (GROα and IL-8) and during IFNγ stimulation (IL-1β and TNFα). Apabetalone abolished pro-inflammatory hyper-activation by reducing TLR and cytokine gene signatures more robustly in DM2 + CVD versus control monocytes. Conclusions Monocytes isolated from DM2 + CVD patients receiving standard of care therapies are in a hyper-inflammatory state and hyperactive upon IFNγ stimulation. Apabetalone treatment diminishes this pro-inflammatory phenotype, providing mechanistic insight into how BET protein inhibition may reduce CVD risk in DM2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wasiak
- Resverlogix Corp, 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Kim E Dzobo
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brooke D Rakai
- Resverlogix Corp, 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Yannick Kaiser
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Versloot
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mahnoush Bahjat
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie C Stotz
- Resverlogix Corp, 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Li Fu
- Resverlogix Corp, 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Michael Sweeney
- Resverlogix Corp, 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Jan O Johansson
- Resverlogix Corp, 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Norman C W Wong
- Resverlogix Corp, 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewelina Kulikowski
- Resverlogix Corp, 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada.
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