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Liu H, Tang S, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Yuan D. Organic cocatalysts improved Fenton and Fenton-like processes for water pollution control: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141581. [PMID: 38430936 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent times, organic compounds have been extensively utilized to mitigate the limitations associated with Fe(Ⅲ) reduction and the narrow pH range in Fenton and Fenton-like processes, which have garnered considerable attention in relevant studies. This review presents the latest advancements in the comprehensive analysis and applications of organic agents as assistant/cocatalysts during Fenton/Fenton-like reactions for water pollution control. The primary focus includes the following: Firstly, the mechanism of organic co-catalytic reactions is introduced, encompassing both complexation and reduction aspects. Secondly, these organic compounds are classified into distinct categories based on their functional group structures and applications, namely polycarboxylates, aminopolycarboxylic acids, quinones, phenolic acids, humic substances, and sulfhydryl compounds, and their co-catalytic functions and mechanisms of each category are discussed in meticulous detail. Thirdly, a comprehensive comparison is conducted among various types of organic cocatalysts, considering their relative merits, cost implications, toxicity, and other pertinent factors. Finally, the review concludes by addressing the universal challenges and development prospects associated with organic co-catalytic systems. The overarching objective of this review is to provide insights into potential avenues for the future advancement of organic co-catalytic Fenton/Fenton-like reactions in the context of water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Shoufeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Zhibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Qingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Deling Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
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Hinojosa M, Oller I, Quiroga JM, Malato S, Egea-Corbacho A, Acevedo-Merino A. Solar photo-Fenton optimization at neutral pH for microcontaminant removal at pilot plant scale. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:96208-96218. [PMID: 37566324 PMCID: PMC10482785 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of micropollutants in natural water bodies has medium to long-term effects on both aquatic life and human health. The aim of this study is to optimize the degradation of two pharmaceutical pollutants of emerging concern: amoxicillin and acetaminophen in aqueous solution at laboratory and pilot scale, by solar photo-Fenton process carried out at neutral pH using ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) as a complexing agent to maintain iron in solution. The initial concentration of each compound was set at 1 mg/L dissolved in a simulated effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP). A factorial experimental design and its surface response analysis were used to optimize the operating parameters to achieve the highest initial degradation rate of each target. The evolution of the degradation process was measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC/UV), obtaining elimination rates above 90% for both contaminants. Statistical study showed the optimum concentrations of Fe(III) at 3 mg/L at an Fe-EDDS ratio of 1:2 and 2.75 mg/L H2O2 for the almost complete removal of the target compounds by solar photo-Fenton process. Validation of the experimental design was successfully carried out with actual MWTP effluent spiked with 100 μg/L of amoxicillin and acetaminophen, each at pilot plant scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Hinojosa
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Isabel Oller
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés, Km 4.5, 04200, Tabernas, Almería, Spain.
- CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - José María Quiroga
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sixto Malato
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés, Km 4.5, 04200, Tabernas, Almería, Spain
- CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Agata Egea-Corbacho
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Asunción Acevedo-Merino
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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3
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Photo-Fenton and Electro-Fenton Performance for the Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Real Urban Wastewater. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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4
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A chronological review of photochemical reactions of ferrioxalate at the molecular level: New insights into an old story. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Wang C, Jiang R, Yang J, Wang P. Enhanced Heterogeneous Fenton Degradation of Organic Pollutants by CRC/Fe3O4 Catalyst at Neutral pH. Front Chem 2022; 10:892424. [PMID: 35494657 PMCID: PMC9049183 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.892424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe3O4-based heterogeneous Fenton catalysts have been widely employed for degrading organic pollutants, however it is challenging to use them in highly efficient and recyclable application in wastewater treatment. In this work, carboxylate-rich carbon (CRC)-modified Fe3O4 magnetic particles are prepared by the sol-gel self-combustion method, where CRC is obtained from the carbonization of sodium gluconate. The CRC/Fe3O4 catalyst exhibits high heterogeneous Fenton degradation performance. The complete 10 mg L−1 methylene blue (MB) removal is achieved in 180 min under conditions of 10 mM H2O2 and 1.00 g of L−1 CRC/Fe3O4 at neutral pH. After five cycles, the structure and morphology of CRC/Fe3O4 composites remained unchanged and the catalytic activity also remained unaltered. Moreover, phenol, benzoic acid (BA), sulfamethazine (SMT), and tetracycline (TC) were also degraded in the heterogeneous Fenton reaction using CRC/Fe3O4 as a catalyst. The strong coordinating ability of –COOH/ –COO– functionalities of CRC formed strong bonds with Fe(II/III) ions on the surfaces of Fe3O4 particles, which was conducive to adsorption of organic matter on the surface of the catalyst and promoted the occurrence of heterogeneous Fenton reactions. It was found that CRC/Fe3O4 had higher removal rates for the adsorptive exclusions of pollutants, such as TC and MB, whereas there were lower removal rates for phenol, BA, and SMT. This work brings potential insights for development of a novel adsorption-enhanced heterogeneous Fenton reaction for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- A Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- A Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Economic Development Bureau of Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Yongzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Yang
- A Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingxin Yang, ; Pingshan Wang,
| | - Pingshan Wang
- A Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingxin Yang, ; Pingshan Wang,
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6
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Cabrera-Reina A, Miralles-Cuevas S, Sánchez Pérez JA, Salazar R. Application of solar photo-Fenton in raceway pond reactors: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149653. [PMID: 34426350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work critically reviews the present knowledge about the use of Raceway Pond Reactors (RPR) to treat municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) secondary effluents by solar photo-Fenton process. The possibility of using RPR to treat industrial wastewater, which has been barely explored, is also reviewed. Initially, the general concepts and operation principles of RPR are described as well as their origin for photo-Fenton applications. Then, the main results and advances related to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) removal, inactivation of microorganisms, industrial wastewater treatment and kinetic modelling are presented. Key aspects such as the impact of liquid depth, the continuous flow operation feasibility, the increase in treatment capacity, and the kinetic modelling are addressed along the review. At the end, main challenges and research gaps are identified, which should be the focuses of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cabrera-Reina
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Avda. Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, Santiago, Chile.
| | - S Miralles-Cuevas
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Avda. Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, Santiago, Chile
| | - J A Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - R Salazar
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica del Medio Ambiente, LEQMA, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, C.P. 33, Av. Libertador Bernardo ÓHiggins, 3363 Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Magnetic Fe3O4/CeO2/g-C3N4 composites with a visible-light response as a high efficiency Fenton photocatalyst to synergistically degrade tetracycline. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Silva LGR, Costa EP, Starling MCVM, Dos Santos Azevedo T, Bottrel SEC, Pereira RO, Sanson AL, Afonso RJCF, Amorim CC. LED irradiated photo-Fenton for the removal of estrogenic activity and endocrine disruptors from wastewater treatment plant effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24067-24078. [PMID: 33439442 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to evaluate the performance of the LED irradiated photo-Fenton process on the removal of (i) estrogenic activity and (ii) seven endocrine disruptors (EDs) (4-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A, estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and estriol) from real wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTPE). EDs are a group of contaminants of emerging concern present in WWTPE and which may be recognized by hormone receptors, thus harming animal and human health. The yeast estrogenic screen test (YES) was used to quantify estrogenic activity promoted by EDs in WWTPE samples before and after photo-Fenton treatment. Tests were performed following a factorial design with different iron (20, 40, and 60 mg L-1) and hydrogen peroxide (100, 200, and 300 mg L-1) concentrations in a laboratory scale LED photoreactor (λ = 455 nm, 1.5 L, 1.6 × 10-6 Einstein s-1). EDs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. Control experiments consisted of Fenton process, iron only, LED irradiation only, and H2O2 only. Optimum experimental conditions for LED photo-Fenton resulted in 62% removal of estrogenic activity and 59% mineralization. In addition, treated WWTPE was not toxic to Aliivibrio fischeri and more than 80% of EDs were removed during LED irradiated photo-Fenton. Although Fenton process showed similar efficiency to that obtained by LED photo-Fenton, a higher volume of sludge was generated in the dark. Finally, results obtained in this study confirm the applicability of LED irradiated photo-Fenton process for improving the quality of WWTPE as an alternative to solar photo-Fenton in case solar radiation is not available, thus reducing hazards associated to WWTPE reuse or discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Gaudêncio Ribeiro Silva
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes (GruPOA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elizângela Pinheiro Costa
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes (GruPOA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Vieira Martins Starling
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes (GruPOA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Taíza Dos Santos Azevedo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), José Lourenço Kelmer Street, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Sue Ellen Costa Bottrel
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), José Lourenço Kelmer Street, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Oliveira Pereira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), José Lourenço Kelmer Street, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Ananda Lima Sanson
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Diogo de Vasconcelos Street, 133, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Robson José Cassia Franco Afonso
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Diogo de Vasconcelos Street, 133, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes (GruPOA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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9
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Removal of pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater by solar photo-Fenton with Fe3+-EDDS using a pilot raceway pond reactor: Transformation products and in silico toxicity assessment. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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V M Starling MC, Costa EP, Souza FA, Machado EC, de Araujo JC, Amorim CC. Persulfate mediated solar photo-Fenton aiming at wastewater treatment plant effluent improvement at neutral PH: emerging contaminant removal, disinfection, and elimination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17355-17368. [PMID: 33398751 PMCID: PMC8004486 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated an innovative alternative to improve municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent (MWWTP effluent) quality aiming at the removal of contaminants of emerging concern (caffeine, carbendazim, and losartan potassium), and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), as well as disinfection (E. coli). Persulfate was used as an alternative oxidant in the solar photo-Fenton process (solar/Fe/S2O82-) due to its greater stability in the presence of matrix components. The efficiency of solar/Fe/S2O82- at neutral pH using intermittent iron additions is unprecedented in the literature. At first, solar/Fe/S2O82- was performed in a solar simulator (30 W m-2) leading to more than 60% removal of CECs, and the intermittent iron addition strategy was proved effective. Then, solar/Fe/S2O82- and solar/Fe/H2O2 were compared in semi-pilot scale in a raceway pond reactor (RPR) and a cost analysis was performed. Solar/Fe/S2O82- showed higher efficiencies of removal of target CECs (55%), E. coli (3 log units), and ARB (3 to 4 log units) within 1.9 kJ L-1 of accumulated irradiation compared to solar/Fe/H2O2 (CECs, 49%; E. coli, 2 log units; ARB, 1 to 3 log units in 2.5 kJ L-1). None of the treatments generated acute toxicity upon Allivibrio fischeri. Lower total cost was obtained using S2O82- (0.6 € m-3) compared to H2O2 (1.2 € m-3). Therefore, the iron intermittent addition aligned to the use of persulfate is suitable for MWWTP effluent quality improvement at neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara V M Starling
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elizângela P Costa
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Souza
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elayne C Machado
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana Calábria de Araujo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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11
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Rizzo L, Gernjak W, Krzeminski P, Malato S, McArdell CS, Perez JAS, Schaar H, Fatta-Kassinos D. Best available technologies and treatment trains to address current challenges in urban wastewater reuse for irrigation of crops in EU countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136312. [PMID: 32050367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs) are poorly effective in the removal of most contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARB&ARGs). These contaminants result in some concern for the environment and human health, in particular if UWTPs effluents are reused for crop irrigation. Recently, stakeholders' interest further increased in Europe, because the European Commission is currently developing a regulation on water reuse. Likely, conventional UWTPs will require additional advanced treatment steps to meet water quality limits yet to be officially established for wastewater reuse. Even though it seems that CECs will not be included in the proposed regulation, the aim of this paper is to provide a technical contribution to this discussion as well as to support stakeholders by recommending possible advanced treatment options, in particular with regard to the removal of CECs and ARB&ARGs. Taking into account the current knowledge and the precautionary principle, any new or revised water-related Directive should address such contaminants. Hence, this review paper gathers the efforts of a group of international experts, members of the NEREUS COST Action ES1403, who for three years have been constructively discussing the efficiency of the best available technologies (BATs) for urban wastewater treatment to abate CECs and ARB&ARGs. In particular, ozonation, activated carbon adsorption, chemical disinfectants, UV radiation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and membrane filtration are discussed with regard to their capability to effectively remove CECs and ARB&ARGs, as well as their advantages and drawbacks. Moreover, a comparison among the above-mentioned processes is performed for CECs relevant for crop uptake. Finally, possible treatment trains including the above-discussed BATs are discussed, issuing end-use specific recommendations which will be useful to UWTPs managers to select the most suitable options to be implemented at their own facilities to successfully address wastewater reuse challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Rizzo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Wolfgang Gernjak
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pawel Krzeminski
- Section of Systems Engineering and Technology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sixto Malato
- Plataforma Solar de Almería (CIEMAT), Carretera de Senés, km. 4, Tabernas, Almería 04200, Spain; Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Universitiy of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, ES04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Christa S McArdell
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jose Antonio Sanchez Perez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Universitiy of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, ES04120 Almería, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, ES04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Heidemarie Schaar
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Karlsplatz 13/2261, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas, International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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12
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Dubowski Y, Alfiya Y, Gilboa Y, Sabach S, Friedler E. Removal of organic micropollutants from biologically treated greywater using continuous-flow vacuum-UV/UVC photo-reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7578-7587. [PMID: 31885065 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing apprehension regarding the fate of organic micropollutants (MPs) of emerging concern, little attention has been paid to their presence in domestic greywater, where they mainly originate from personal care products. Many MPs are not fully removed in conventional greywater treatments and require additional treatment. Vacuum-UV radiation (VUV) can generate ·OH in situ, via water photolysis, initiating advanced oxidation process (AOP) without any chemical addition. Despite growing interest in VUV-based AOP, its performance in real-life grey- or wastewater matrices has hardly been investigated. The present study investigates the removal of triclosan (TCS) and oxybenzone (BP3), common antibacterial and UV-filter MPs, in deionized water (DIW) and in treated greywater (TGW) using combined UVC/VUV or UVC only radiation in a continuous-flow reactor. Degradation kinetics of these MPs and their transformation products (TPs) were addressed, as well as bacterial growth inhibition of the resulting reactor's effluent. In DIW, MP degradation was much faster under the combined UVC/VUV irradiation. In TGW, the combined radiation successfully removed both MPs but at lower efficiency than in DIW, as particles and dissolved organic matter (DOM) acted as radical scavengers. Filtration and partial DOM removal prior to irradiation improved the process efficiency and reduced energy requirements under the combined radiation (from 1.6 and 167 to 1.1 and 6.0 kWh m-3·ּorder-1 for TCS and BP3, respectively). VUV radiation also reduced TP concentrations in the effluent. As a result, bacterial growth inhibition of triclosan solution irradiated by VUC/VUV was lower than that irradiated by UVC light alone, for UV dose > 120 mJ cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Dubowski
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yuval Alfiya
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Gilboa
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sara Sabach
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Friedler
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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13
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Buitrago JL, Sanabria J, Gútierrez-Zapata HM, Urbano-Ceron FJ, García-Barco A, Osorio-Vargas P, Rengifo-Herrera JA. Photo-Fenton process at natural conditions of pH, iron, ions, and humic acids for degradation of diuron and amoxicillin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1608-1624. [PMID: 31749011 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effect of ferric ions at concentrations typically found in natural waters (0.05 to 1.06 mg L-1) and low H2O2 concentrations (between 0.5 and 17.9 mg L-1) on simulated sunlight-induced (300 W m-2) photo-Fenton degradation at initial neutral pH (7.0) of amoxicillin and diuron in Milli-Q water was studied using an rotatable central composite experimental design 22 with a central and two axial points. H2O2 concentration was the parameter playing the key role on the degradation of both pollutants. Despite that initial pH was 7.0 in Milli-Q water, this latter decreased rapidly in the first minutes, reaching values of 3.5 and 5.0 for diuron and amoxicillin respectively after 15 min of simulated sunlight irradiation. In contrast, in presence of bicarbonate/carbonate (HCO3-/CO3=), fluoride (F-), and humic acids (HAs) at concentrations found often in surface and well waters with ferric ion and H2O2 concentrations of 0.3 and 9.7 and 15.2 mg L-1 respectively, both pollutants exhibited a strong degradation keeping the circumneutral pH. Amoxicillin and diuron degradation byproducts found by HPLC/MS were compatible with HO• and/or CO3-• radical attack. Several photo-induced processes such as photo-Fenton (by dissolved ferric-HA complexes), heterogeneous photocatalysis (by colloidal iron), UV-B H2O2 photolysis, irradiated-dissolved organic matter, and their reactions with pollutants would be the main oxidative route responsible of degradations. These findings demonstrated that it could be possible using iron concentrations often found in natural waters to oxidize via photo-Fenton processes among other events, organic pollutants at natural pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Buitrago
- Grupo Investigación en Fotocatálisis y Estado Sólido, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Escuela de Química, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia
| | - Janeth Sanabria
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental & Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle - Sede Meléndez, A.A. 25360, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Héctor M Gútierrez-Zapata
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental & Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle - Sede Meléndez, A.A. 25360, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Frankly J Urbano-Ceron
- Laboratorio de Toxicología, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alejandra García-Barco
- Grupo Investigación en Fotocatálisis y Estado Sólido, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Escuela de Química, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia
| | - Paula Osorio-Vargas
- Grupo Investigación en Fotocatálisis y Estado Sólido, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Escuela de Química, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia.
- Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC) Chemical Engineering School, University of Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Julián A Rengifo-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. J.J. Ronco" (CINDECA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP-CCT La Plata, CONICET, |47 No. 257, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Lumbaque EC, da Silva BA, Böck FC, Helfer GA, Ferrão MF, Sirtori C. Total dissolved iron and hydrogen peroxide determination using the PhotoMetrixPRO application: A portable colorimetric analysis tool for controlling important conditions in the solar photo-Fenton process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 378:120740. [PMID: 31301555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of the solar photo-Fenton process for water treatment requires monitoring of the main conditions, especially the total dissolved iron concentration and the consumption of hydrogen peroxide. In this study, a new methodology using the PhotoMetrixPRO application was validated for rapid monitoring of total dissolved iron and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, and was tested in the solar photo-Fenton process. A comparison was made between the results obtained using a reference spectrophotometric method and the PhotoMetrixPRO application employing a portable device. Both methods were validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, robustness, and matrix effects. The degree of dispersion between the series of measurements obtained using UV-vis and portable device tool was low and was in compliance with the established Brazilian and ICH validation criteria. Additionally, PhotoMetrixPRO enabled the use of a smaller sample volume. The total volume generated of each sample is 1 mL, reducing 6 and 10 times the wastes produced in different validated methods. These results evidencing that the miniaturization can provide positive advantages in terms of simplicity, cost effectiveness, and less environmental impact. PhotoMetrixPRO offers significant advantages including rapid analysis, smaller sample volumes, and greater portability and accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C Lumbaque
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna A da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Böck
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson A Helfer
- Departamento de Computação, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Avenida Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco F Ferrão
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia-Bioanalítca (INCT-Bioanalítica), Cidade Universitária, Zeferino Vaz s/n, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carla Sirtori
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhou M. A critical review of the application of chelating agents to enable Fenton and Fenton-like reactions at high pH values. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 362:436-450. [PMID: 30261437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the drawback of low pH requirement of the classical Fenton reaction, researchers have applied chelating agents to form complexes with Fe and enable Fenton reaction at high pHs, which is reviewed in this article. The chelating agents reviewed include humic substances, polycarboxylates, aminopolycarboxylic acids, and polyoxometalates. Ligands affect the reactivity of Fe-complexes by changing their redox potentials, promoting their reaction with H2O2, and competing with target contaminants for the oxidative species. Fe(III)-complexes are reduced to Fe(II)-complexes by O2- not H2O2, as indicated by their redox potentials. The stability constants of Fe-complexes increase with increasing pKa values of the corresponding ligands and also with increasing charge density of the metal ions. A higher stability constant of Fe(III)-complex indicates higher reaction rate of corresponding Fe(II)-complex with H2O2 and lower reduction rate of Fe(III)-complex to Fe(II)-complex. OH, O2-, and ferryl species were reported to be the reactive species on the contaminant removal in the chelate-modified Fenton process. The generation of these species depends on the chelating agents and reaction conditions. The process is very efficient in degrading contaminants, indicating a potential treatment approach for the pollution remediation at natural pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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16
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Núñez-Núñez CM, Chairez-Hernández I, García-Roig M, García-Prieto JC, Melgoza-Alemán RM, Proal-Nájera JB. UV-C/H2O2 heterogeneous photocatalytic inactivation of coliforms in municipal wastewater in a TiO2/SiO2 fixed bed reactor: a kinetic and statistical approach. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-018-1473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Kanakaraju D, Glass BD, Oelgemöller M. Advanced oxidation process-mediated removal of pharmaceuticals from water: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 219:189-207. [PMID: 29747102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, which are frequently detected in natural and wastewater bodies as well as drinking water have attracted considerable attention, because they do not readily biodegrade and may persist and remain toxic. As a result, pharmaceutical residues pose on-going and potential health and environmental risks. To tackle these emerging contaminants, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as photo-Fenton, sonolysis, electrochemical oxidation, radiation and ozonation etc. have been applied to remove pharmaceuticals. These processes utilize the high reactivity of hydroxyl radicals to progressively oxidize organic compounds to innocuous products. This review provides an overview of the findings from recent studies, which have applied AOPs to degrade pharmaceutical compounds. Included is a discussion that links various factors of TiO2-mediated photocatalytic treatment to its effectiveness in degrading pharmaceutical residues. This review furthermore highlights the success of AOPs in the removal of pharmaceuticals from different water matrices and recommendations for future studies are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devagi Kanakaraju
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Beverley D Glass
- Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
| | - Michael Oelgemöller
- Discipline of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
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18
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Zhang Y, Chelme-Ayala P, Klamerth N, Gamal El-Din M. Application of UV-irradiated Fe(III)-nitrilotriacetic acid (UV-Fe(III)NTA) and UV-NTA-Fenton systems to degrade model and natural occurring naphthenic acids. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 179:359-366. [PMID: 28388447 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are a highly complex mixture of organic compounds naturally present in bitumen and identified as the primary toxic constituent of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). This work investigated the degradation of cyclohexanoic acid (CHA), a model NA compound, and natural occurring NAs during the UV photolysis of Fe(III)-nitrilotriacetic acid (UV-Fe(III)NTA) and UV-NTA-Fenton processes. The results indicated that in the UV-Fe(III)NTA process at pH 8, the CHA removal increased with increasing NTA dose (0.18, 0.36 and 0.72 mM), while it was independent of the Fe(III) dose (0.09, 0.18 and 0.36 mM). Moreover, the three Fe concentrations had no influence on the photolysis of the Fe(III)NTA complex. The main responsible species for the CHA degradation was hydroxyl radical (OH), and the role of dissolved O2 in the OH generation was found to be negligible. Real OSPW was treated with the UV-Fe(III)NTA and UV-NTA-Fenton advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The removals of classical NAs (O2-NAs), oxidized NAs with one additional oxygen atom (O3-NAs) and with two additional oxygen atoms (O4-NAs) were 44.5%, 21.3%, and 25.2% in the UV-Fe(III)NTA process, respectively, and 98.4%, 86.0%, and 81.0% in the UV-NTA-Fenton process, respectively. There was no influence of O2 on the NA removal in these two processes. The results also confirmed the high reactivity of the O2-NA species with more carbons and increasing number of rings or double bond equivalents. This work opens a new window for the possible treatment of OSPW at natural pH using these AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Pamela Chelme-Ayala
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Nikolaus Klamerth
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
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19
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Souza BM, Marinho BA, Moreira FC, Dezotti MWC, Boaventura RAR, Vilar VJP. Photo-Fenton oxidation of 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole: a by-product from biological breakdown of some pharmaceutical compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:6195-6204. [PMID: 26555882 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the removal of 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole (AMI), a recalcitrant by-product resulting from the biological breakdown of some pharmaceuticals, applying a solar photo-Fenton process assisted by ferrioxalate complexes (SPFF) (Fe3+/H2O2/oxalic acid/UVA-Vis) and classical solar photo-Fenton process (SPF) (Fe2+/H2O2/UVA-Vis). The oxidation ability of SPFF was evaluated at different iron/oxalate molar ratios (1:3, 1:6, and 1:9, with [total iron] = 3.58 × 10-2 mM and [oxalic acid] = 1.07 × 10-1, 2.14 × 10-1 and 3.22 × 10-1 mM, respectively) and pH values (3.5-6.5), using low iron contents (2.0 mg Fe3+ L-1). Additionally, the use of other organic ligands such as citrate and ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) was tested. The oxidation power of the classical SPF was assessed at different pH values (2.8-4.0) using 2.0 mg Fe2+ per liter. Furthermore, the effect of AMI concentration (2-20 mg L-1), presence of inorganic ions (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, HCO3-, NH4+), and radical scavengers (sodium azide and D-mannitol) on the SPF method at pH 3.5 was also assessed. Experiments were done using a lab-scale photoreactor with a compound parabolic collector (CPC) under simulated solar radiation. A pilot-scale assay was conducted using the best operation conditions. While at near neutral pH, an iron/oxalate molar ratio of 1:9 led to the removal of 72 % of AMI after 90 min of SPFF, at pH 3.5, an iron/oxalate molar ratio of 1:3 was enough to achieve complete AMI degradation (below the detection limit) after 30 min of reaction. The SPF process at pH 3.5 underwent a slower AMI degradation, reaching total AMI degradation after 40 min of reaction. The scale up of SPF process showed a good reproducibility. Oxalic and oxamic acids were identified as the main low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids detected during the pilot-scale SPF reaction. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M Souza
- LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- Chemical Engineering Program-COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68502, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Belisa A Marinho
- LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca C Moreira
- LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia W C Dezotti
- Chemical Engineering Program-COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68502, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rui A R Boaventura
- LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor J P Vilar
- LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Ballesteros SG, Costante M, Vicente R, Mora M, Amat AM, Arques A, Carlos L, Einschlag FSG. Humic-like substances from urban waste as auxiliaries for photo-Fenton treatment: a fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:38-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00236f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC has been demonstrated as an effective tool to analyze the performance of photo-Fenton processes using humic-like substances from urban wastes as iron chelating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. García Ballesteros
- Grupo de Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada
- Dpto de Ingeniería Textil y Papelera
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Alcoy
- Spain
| | - M. Costante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- CCT-La Plata-CONICET
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- La Plata
- Argentina
| | - R. Vicente
- Grupo de Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada
- Dpto de Ingeniería Textil y Papelera
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Alcoy
- Spain
| | - M. Mora
- Grupo de Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada
- Dpto de Matemática Aplicada
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Alcoy
- Spain
| | - A. M. Amat
- Grupo de Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada
- Dpto de Ingeniería Textil y Papelera
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Alcoy
- Spain
| | - A. Arques
- Grupo de Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada
- Dpto de Ingeniería Textil y Papelera
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Alcoy
- Spain
| | - L. Carlos
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos
- Biotecnología y Energías alternativas
- PROBIEN (CONICET-UNCo)
- Neuquén
- Argentina
| | - F. S. García Einschlag
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- CCT-La Plata-CONICET
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- La Plata
- Argentina
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21
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Trawiński J, Skibiński R. Studies on photodegradation process of psychotropic drugs: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1152-1199. [PMID: 27696160 PMCID: PMC5306312 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of psychotropic drugs is still increasing, especially in high-income countries. One of the most crucial consequences of this fact is significant release of them to the environment. Considerable amounts of atypical antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and their metabolites were detected in river, lake, and sea water, as well as in tissues of aquatic organisms. Their ecotoxicity was proved by numerous studies. It should be noticed that interaction between psychotropic pharmaceuticals and radiation may lead to formation of potentially more toxic intermediates. On the other hand, photo-assisted wastewater treatment methods can be used as an efficient way to eliminate them from the environment. Many methods based on photolysis and photocatalysis were proposed and developed recently; nevertheless, the problem is still unsolved. However, according to recent studies, photocatalysis could be considered as the most promising and far more effective than regular photolysis. An overview on photolytic as well as homogenous and heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation methods with the use of various catalysts is presented. The photostability and phototoxicity of pharmaceuticals were also discussed. Various analytical methods were used for the photodegradation research, and this issue was also compared and summarized. Use of high-resolution multistage mass spectrometry (Q-TOF, ion trap, Orbitrap) was suggested. The combined techniques such as LC-MS, GC-MS, and LC-NMR, which enable qualitative and quantitative analyses in one run, proved to be the most valuable in this case. Assembling of MS/MS spectra libraries of drug molecules and their phototransformation products was identified as the future challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Trawiński
- Department of Medicinal, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Robert Skibiński
- Department of Medicinal, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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22
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Afonso-Olivares C, Montesdeoca-Esponda S, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. Analytical tools employed to determine pharmaceutical compounds in wastewaters after application of advanced oxidation processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:24476-24494. [PMID: 27488717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Today, the presence of contaminants in the environment is a topic of interest for society in general and for the scientific community in particular. A very large amount of different chemical substances reaches the environment after passing through wastewater treatment plants without being eliminated. This is due to the inefficiency of conventional removal processes and the lack of government regulations. The list of compounds entering treatment plants is gradually becoming longer and more varied because most of these compounds come from pharmaceuticals, hormones or personal care products, which are increasingly used by modern society. As a result of this increase in compound variety, to address these emerging pollutants, the development of new and more efficient removal technologies is needed. Different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), especially photochemical AOPs, have been proposed as supplements to traditional treatments for the elimination of pollutants, showing significant advantages over the use of conventional methods alone. This work aims to review the analytical methodologies employed for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds from wastewater in studies in which advanced oxidation processes are applied. Due to the low concentrations of these substances in wastewater, mass spectrometry detectors are usually chosen to meet the low detection limits and identification power required. Specifically, time-of-flight detectors are required to analyse the by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Afonso-Olivares
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Juan Santana-Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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23
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Zhang Y, Klamerth N, Messele SA, Chelme-Ayala P, Gamal El-Din M. Kinetics study on the degradation of a model naphthenic acid by ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid-modified Fenton process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 318:371-378. [PMID: 27442987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are reported to be the main species responsible for the oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) toxicity. In this study, the degradation of cyclohexanoic acid (CHA) as a model compound for NAs by an ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS)-modified Fenton process was investigated at pH 8. Optimum dose for Fe-EDDS (EDDS:Fe=2:1) was 0.45mM, and 2.94mM for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The time profiles of the main species in the process were studied, including CHA, H2O2, Fe(II), total Fe, and Fe-EDDS (in the main form of Fe(III)EDDS). The second-order rate constant between EDDS and hydroxyl radical (OH) at pH 8 was obtained as 2.48±0.43×10(9)M(-1)s(-1). OH was proved to be the main species responsible for the CHA degradation, while superoxide radical (O2(-)) played a minor role. The consecutive addition of H2O2 and Fe-EDDS led to a higher removal of CHA compared to that achieved by adding the reagents at a time. The half-wave potential of Fe(III/II)EDDS was measured at pH 7-9. The EDDS-modified Fenton process is a promising alternative to degrade NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Nikolaus Klamerth
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Selamawit Ashagre Messele
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Pamela Chelme-Ayala
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Klamerth N, Chelme-Ayala P, Gamal El-Din M. Comparison of Nitrilotriacetic Acid and [S,S]-Ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic Acid in UV-Fenton for the Treatment of Oil Sands Process-Affected Water at Natural pH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10535-10544. [PMID: 27588553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of UV-Fenton processes with two chelating agents, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and [S,S]-ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid ([S,S]-EDDS), for the treatment of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) at natural pH was investigated. The half-wave potentials of Fe(III/II)NTA and Fe(III/II)EDDS and the UV photolysis of the complexes in Milli-Q water and OSPW were compared. Under optimum conditions, UV-NTA-Fenton exhibited higher efficiency than UV-EDDS-Fenton in the removal of acid extractable organic fraction (66.8% for the former and 50.0% for the latter) and aromatics (93.5% for the former and 74.2% for the latter). Naphthenic acids (NAs) removals in the UV-NTA-Fenton process (98.4%, 86.0%, and 81.0% for classical NAs, NAs + O (oxidized NAs with one additional oxygen atom), and NAs + 2O (oxidized NAs with two additional oxygen atoms), respectively) under the experimental conditions were much higher than those in the UV-H2O2 (88.9%, 48.7%, and 54.6%, correspondingly) and NTA-Fenton (69.6%, 35.3%, and 44.2%, correspondingly) processes. Both UV-NTA-Fenton and UV-EDDS-Fenton processes presented promoting effect on the acute toxicity of OSPW toward Vibrio fischeri. No significant change of the NTA toxicity occurred during the photolysis of Fe(III)NTA; however, the acute toxicity of EDDS increased as the photolysis of Fe(III)EDDS proceeded. NTA is a much better agent than EDDS for the application of UV-Fenton process in the treatment of OSPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 1H9
| | - Nikolaus Klamerth
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 1H9
| | - Pamela Chelme-Ayala
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 1H9
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 1H9
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Chen W, Zou C, Li X, Li L. The treatment of phenolic contaminants from shale gas drilling wastewater: a comparison with UV-Fenton and modified UV-Fenton processes at neutral pH. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18662a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the treatment efficiency of phenolic contaminants from drilling wastewater was evaluated with three different UV-Fenton processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest
- Petroleum University
- Chengdu City
- PR China
| | - Changjun Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest
- Petroleum University
- Chengdu City
- PR China
| | - Xiaoke Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest
- Petroleum University
- Chengdu City
- PR China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest
- Petroleum University
- Chengdu City
- PR China
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26
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Silva TFCV, Ferreira R, Soares PA, Manenti DR, Fonseca A, Saraiva I, Boaventura RAR, Vilar VJP. Insights into solar photo-Fenton reaction parameters in the oxidation of a sanitary landfill leachate at lab-scale. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 164:32-40. [PMID: 26342264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates the effect of the main photo-Fenton (PF) reaction variables on the treatment of a sanitary landfill leachate collected at the outlet of a leachate treatment plant, which includes aerated lagooning followed by aerated activated sludge and a final coagulation-flocculation step. The PF experiments were performed in a lab-scale compound parabolic collector (CPC) photoreactor using artificial solar radiation. The photocatalytic reaction rate was determined while varying the total dissolved iron concentration (20-100 mg Fe(2+)/L), solution pH (2.0-3.6), operating temperature (10-50 °C), type of acid used for acidification (H2SO4, HCl and H2SO4 + HCl) and UV irradiance (22-68 W/m(2)). This work also tries to elucidate the role of ferric hydroxides, ferric sulphate and ferric chloride species, by taking advantage of ferric speciation diagrams, in the efficiency of the PF reaction when applied to leachate oxidation. The molar fraction of the most photoactive ferric species, FeOH(2+), was linearly correlated with the PF pseudo-first order kinetic constants obtained at different solution pH and temperature values. Ferric ion speciation diagrams also showed that the presence of high amounts of chloride ions negatively affected the PF reaction, due to the decrease of ferric ions solubility and scavenging of hydroxyl radicals for chlorine radical formation. The increment of the PF reaction rates with temperature was mainly associated with the increase of the molar fraction of FeOH(2+). The optimal parameters for the photo-Fenton reaction were: pH = 2.8 (acidification agent: H2SO4); T = 30 °C; [Fe(2+)] = 60 mg/L and UV irradiance = 44 WUV/m(2), achieving 72% mineralization after 25 kJUV/L of accumulated UV energy and 149 mM of H2O2 consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia F C V Silva
- LSRE - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Ferreira
- LSRE - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Petrick A Soares
- LSRE - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diego R Manenti
- LSRE - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá-PR, Brazil
| | - Amélia Fonseca
- Efacec Engenharia e Sistemas S.A. (Unidade de Negócios Ambiente), SA, Rua Eng. Frederico Ulrich - Guardeiras, Apartado 3003, 4471-907 Moreira da Maia, Portugal
| | - Isabel Saraiva
- Efacec Engenharia e Sistemas S.A. (Unidade de Negócios Ambiente), SA, Rua Eng. Frederico Ulrich - Guardeiras, Apartado 3003, 4471-907 Moreira da Maia, Portugal
| | - Rui A R Boaventura
- LSRE - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor J P Vilar
- LSRE - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Papoutsakis S, Miralles-Cuevas S, Oller I, Garcia Sanchez J, Pulgarin C, Malato S. Microcontaminant degradation in municipal wastewater treatment plant secondary effluent by EDDS assisted photo-Fenton at near-neutral pH: An experimental design approach. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Papoutsakis S, Brites-Nóbrega F, Pulgarin C, Malato S. Benefits and limitations of using Fe(III)-EDDS for the treatment of highly contaminated water at near-neutral pH. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gomis J, Carlos L, Prevot AB, Teixeira A, Mora M, Amat A, Vicente R, Arques A. Bio-based substances from urban waste as auxiliaries for solar photo-Fenton treatment under mild conditions: Optimization of operational variables. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Identification and monitoring of thiabendazole transformation products in water during Fenton degradation by LC-QTOF-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5323-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Application of liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to the identification of acetamiprid transformation products generated under oxidative processes in different water matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2549-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Mohapatra DP, Brar SK, Tyagi RD, Picard P, Surampalli RY. Analysis and advanced oxidation treatment of a persistent pharmaceutical compound in wastewater and wastewater sludge-carbamazepine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:58-75. [PMID: 24140682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are considered as emerging environmental problem due to their continuous input and persistence to the aquatic ecosystem even at low concentrations. Among them, carbamazepine (CBZ) has been detected at the highest frequency, which ends up in aquatic systems via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) among other sources. The identification and quantification of CBZ in wastewater (WW) and wastewater sludge (WWS) is of major interest to assess the toxicity of treated effluent discharged into the environment. Furthermore, WWS has been subjected for re-use either in agricultural application or for the production of value-added products through the route of bioconversion. However, this field application is disputable due to the presence of these organic compounds and in order to protect the ecosystem or end users, data concerning the concentration, fate, behavior as well as the perspective of simultaneous degradation of these compounds is urgently necessary. Many treatment technologies, including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed in order to degrade CBZ in WW and WWS. AOPs are technologies based on the intermediacy of hydroxyl and other radicals to oxidize recalcitrant, toxic and non-biodegradable compounds to various by-products and eventually to inert end products. The purpose of this review is to provide information on persistent pharmaceutical compound, carbamazepine, its ecological effects and removal during various AOPs of WW and WWS. This review also reports the different analytical methods available for quantification of CBZ in different contaminated media including WW and WWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Mohapatra
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - S K Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - R D Tyagi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - P Picard
- Phytronix Technologies, 4535 Boulevard Wilfrid Hamel, Québec G1P 2J7, Canada
| | - R Y Surampalli
- US Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 17-2141, Kansas City, KS 66117, USA
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Grassi M, Rizzo L, Farina A. Endocrine disruptors compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in urban wastewater: implications for agricultural reuse and their removal by adsorption process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:3616-3628. [PMID: 23532534 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, a lot of emerging contaminants, such as, endocrine disruptors compounds (EDCs), pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCPs) have been detected in wastewater. Because of their toxicity and possible adverse effects on the environment and humans, their release from urban wastewater treatment plants (UWWTPs) effluents should be minimized, particularly when a wastewater reuse for crops irrigation is expected. Many processes have been investigated for advanced treatment of UWWTP effluents as well as for emerging contaminant degradation; among these, adsorption process was successfully used to remove EDCs and PPCPs from wastewater. This article shortly reviews EDCs and PPCPs removal from UWWTP effluents by adsorption process using conventional and non-conventional adsorbents. The fate of EDCs and PPCPs in UWWTPs and the implications for agricultural wastewater reuse has been addressed too. In spite of the adsorption process looking to be a valuable alternative to other advanced technologies for the removal of emerging contaminants from wastewater, some gaps still remain to evaluate the actual feasibility at full scale. However, according to a few studies available in scientific literature on the use of both powdered activated carbon and granular activated carbon at full scale, adsorption process by activated carbon is a promising, potentially effective, and economically feasible solution for producing safe wastewater for agricultural reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Grassi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta, 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
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35
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Application of soluble bio-organic substances (SBO) as photocatalysts for wastewater treatment: Sensitizing effect and photo-Fenton-like process. Catal Today 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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de Lima Perini JA, Perez-Moya M, Nogueira RFP. Photo-Fenton degradation kinetics of low ciprofloxacin concentration using different iron sources and pH. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Rodrigues-Silva C, Maniero MG, Rath S, Guimarães JR. Degradation of flumequine by the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes: evaluation of residual antimicrobial activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 445-446:337-346. [PMID: 23354374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flumequine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent of the quinolone class, and it is widely used as a veterinary drug in food-producing animals. The presence of flumequine in the environment may contribute to the development of drug resistant bacterial strains. In this study, water samples fortified with flumequine (500 μg L(-1)) were degraded using the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. The maximum degradation efficiency for flumequine by the Fenton process was approximately 40% (0.5 mmol L(-1) Fe(II), 2.0 mmol L(-1) H(2)O(2) and 15 min). By applying UV radiation (photo-Fenton process), the efficiency reached more than 94% in 60 min when 0.25 mmol L(-1) Fe(II) and 10.0 mmol L(-1) H(2)O(2) were used. Under these conditions, the Fenton process was able to reduce the biological activity, whereas the photo-Fenton process eliminated almost all of the antimicrobial activity because it was not detected. Four byproducts with an m/z of 244, 238, 220 and 202 were identified by mass spectrometry, and a degradation pathway for flumequine was proposed. The byproducts were derived from decarboxylation and defluorination reactions and from modifications in the alkylamino chain of the fluoroquinolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Rodrigues-Silva
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6021, CEP 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Klamerth N, Malato S, Agüera A, Fernández-Alba A. Photo-Fenton and modified photo-Fenton at neutral pH for the treatment of emerging contaminants in wastewater treatment plant effluents: a comparison. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:833-840. [PMID: 23206497 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study compares two different solar photo-Fenton processes, conventional photo-Fenton at pH3 and modified photo-Fenton at neutral pH with minimal Fe (5 mg L⁻¹) and minimal initial H₂O₂ (50 mg L⁻¹) concentrations for the degradation of emerging contaminants in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants effluents in solar pilot plant. As Fe precipitates at neutral pH, complexing agents which are able to form photoactive species, do not pollute the environment or increase toxicity have to be used to keep the iron in solution. This study was done using real effluents containing over 60 different contaminants, which were monitored during treatment by liquid chromatography coupled to a hybrid quadrupole/linear ion trap mass analyzer (LC-QTRAP-MS/MS) operating in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. Concentrations of the selected contaminants ranged from a few ng L⁻¹ to tens of μg L⁻¹. It was demonstrated in all cases the removal of over 95% of the contaminants. Photo-Fenton at pH3 provided the best treatment time, but has the disadvantage that the water must be previously acidified. The most promising process was photo-Fenton modified with Ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS), as the pH remained in the neutral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Klamerth
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés, km 4, 04200 Tabernas, Spain
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39
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Michael I, Hapeshi E, Michael C, Varela AR, Kyriakou S, Manaia CM, Fatta-Kassinos D. Solar photo-Fenton process on the abatement of antibiotics at a pilot scale: Degradation kinetics, ecotoxicity and phytotoxicity assessment and removal of antibiotic resistant enterococci. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:5621-5634. [PMID: 22901406 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the application of a solar driven advanced oxidation process (solar photo-Fenton), for the degradation of antibiotics at low concentration level (μg L(-1)) in secondary treated domestic effluents at a pilot-scale. The examined antibiotics were ofloxacin (OFX) and trimethoprim (TMP). A compound parabolic collector (CPC) pilot plant was used for the photocatalytic experiments. The process was mainly evaluated by a fast and reliable analytical method based on a UPLC-MS/MS system. Solar photo-Fenton process using low iron and hydrogen peroxide doses ([Fe(2+)](0) = 5 mg L(-1); [H(2)O(2)](0) = 75 mg L(-1)) was proved to be an efficient method for the elimination of these compounds with relatively high degradation rates. The photocatalytic degradation of OFX and TMP with the solar photo-Fenton process followed apparent first-order kinetics. A modification of the first-order kinetic expression was proposed and has been successfully used to explain the degradation kinetics of the compounds during the solar photo-Fenton treatment. The results demonstrated the capacity of the applied advanced process to reduce the initial wastewater toxicity against the examined plant species (Sorghum saccharatum, Lepidium sativum, Sinapis alba) and the water flea Daphnia magna. The phytotoxicity of the treated samples, expressed as root growth inhibition, was higher compared to that observed on the inhibition of seed germination. Enterococci, including those resistant to OFX and TMP, were completely eliminated at the end of the treatment. The total cost of the full scale unit for the treatment of 150 m(3) day(-1) of secondary wastewater effluent was found to be 0.85 € m(-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Michael
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos St., 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas, International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Cyprus
| | - E Hapeshi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos St., 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas, International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Cyprus
| | - C Michael
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos St., 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas, International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Cyprus
| | - A R Varela
- CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Kyriakou
- S.K. Euromarket Ltd., Water and Wastewater Engineering, 3308 Lemessos, Cyprus
| | - C M Manaia
- CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - D Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos St., 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas, International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Cyprus.
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Michael I, Hapeshi E, Osorio V, Perez S, Petrovic M, Zapata A, Malato S, Barceló D, Fatta-Kassinos D. Solar photocatalytic treatment of trimethoprim in four environmental matrices at a pilot scale: transformation products and ecotoxicity evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 430:167-173. [PMID: 22647240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The pilot-scale solar degradation of trimethoprim (TMP) in different water matrices (demineralized water: DW, simulated natural freshwater: SW; simulated wastewater: SWW; and real effluent: RE) was investigated in this study. DOC removal was lower in the case of SW compared to DW, which can be attributed to the presence of inorganic anions which may act as scavengers of the HO·. Furthermore, the presence of organic carbon and higher salt content in SWW and RE led to lower mineralization per dose of hydrogen peroxide compared to DW and SW. Toxicity assays in SWW and RE were also performed indicating that toxicity is attributed to the compounds present in RE and their by-products formed during solar Fenton treatment and not to the intermediates formed by the oxidation of TMP. A large number of compounds generated by the photocatalytic transformation of TMP were identified by UPLC-QToF/MS. The degradation pathway revealed differences among the four matrices; however hydroxylation, demethylation and cleavage reactions were observed in all matrices. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that TMP degradation products have been identified by adopting a solar Fenton process at a pilot-scale set-up, using four different aqueous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Michael
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos St., 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
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41
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Garcia-Segura S, Garrido JA, Rodríguez RM, Cabot PL, Centellas F, Arias C, Brillas E. Mineralization of flumequine in acidic medium by electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton processes. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:2067-2076. [PMID: 22348999 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The mineralization of flumequine, an antimicrobial agent belonging to the first generation of synthetic fluoroquinolones which is detected in natural waters, has been studied by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) like electro-Fenton (EF) and photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) with UVA light. The experiments were performed in a cell containing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and an air-diffusion cathode to generate H(2)O(2) at constant current. The Fe(2+) ion added to the medium increased the solubility of the drug by the formation of a complex of intense orange colour and also reacted with electrogenerated H(2)O(2) to form hydroxyl radical from Fenton reaction. Oxidant hydroxyl radicals at the BDD surface were produced from water oxidation. A partial mineralization of flumequine in a solution near to saturation with optimum 2.0mM Fe(2+) at pH 3.0 was achieved by EF. The PEF process was more powerful, giving an almost total mineralization with 94-96% total organic carbon removal. Increasing current accelerated both treatments, but with decreasing mineralization current efficiency. Comparative treatments using a real wastewater matrix led to similar degradation degrees. The kinetics for flumequine decay always followed a pseudo-first-order reaction and its rate constant, similar for both EAOPs, raised with increasing current. Generated carboxylic acids like malonic, formic, oxalic and oxamic acids were quantified by ion-exclusion HPLC. Fe(III)-oxalate and Fe(III)-oxamate complexes were the most persistent by-products under EF conditions and their quicker photolysis by UVA light explains the higher oxidation power of PEF. The release of inorganic ions such as F(-), NO(3)(-) and in lesser extent NH(4)(+) was followed by ionic chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Garcia-Segura
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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De la Cruz N, Giménez J, Esplugas S, Grandjean D, de Alencastro LF, Pulgarín C. Degradation of 32 emergent contaminants by UV and neutral photo-fenton in domestic wastewater effluent previously treated by activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:1947-57. [PMID: 22305640 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the removal of 32 selected micropollutants (pharmaceuticals, corrosion inhibitors and biocides/pesticides) found in an effluent coming from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) based on activated sludge. Dissolved organic matter was present, with an initial total organic carbon of 15.9 mg L(-1), and a real global quantity of micropollutants of 29.5 μg L(-1). The treatments tested on the micropollutants removal were: UV-light emitting at 254 nm (UV(254)) alone, dark Fenton (Fe(2+,3+)/H(2)O(2)) and photo-Fenton (Fe(2+,3+)/H(2)O(2)/light). Different irradiation sources were used for the photo-Fenton experiences: UV(254) and simulated sunlight. Iron and H(2)O(2) concentrations were also changed in photo-Fenton experiences in order to evaluate its influence on the degradation. All the experiments were developed at natural pH, near neutral. Photo-Fenton treatments employing UV(254), 50 mg L(-1) of H(2)O(2), with and without adding iron (5 mg L(-1) of Fe(2+) added or 1.48 mg L(-1) of total iron already present) gave the best results. Global percentages of micropollutants removal achieved were 98 and a 97% respectively, after 30 min of treatments. As the H(2)O(2) concentration increased (10, 25 and 50 mg L(-1)), best degradations were observed. UV(254), Fenton, and photo-Fenton under simulated sunlight gave less promising results with lower percentages of removal. The highlight of this paper is to point out the possibility of the micropollutants degradation in spite the presence of DOM in much higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N De la Cruz
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, GGEC, EPFL, Bât. CH, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Klamerth N, Malato S, Agüera A, Fernández-Alba A, Mailhot G. Treatment of municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents with modified photo-Fenton as a tertiary treatment for the degradation of micro pollutants and disinfection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:2885-92. [PMID: 22288488 DOI: 10.1021/es204112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this paper was to develop a modified photo-Fenton treatment able to degrade micro pollutants in municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) effluents at a neutral pH with minimal iron and H(2)O(2) concentrations. Complexation of Fe by ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) leads to stabilization and solubilization of Fe at natural pH. Photo-Fenton experiments were performed in a pilot compound parabolic collector (CPC) solar plant. Samples were treated with solid phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by HPLC-Qtrap-MS. The rapid degradation of contaminants within the first minutes of illumination and the low detrimental impact on degradation of bicarbonates present in the water suggested that radical species other than HO(•) are responsible for the efficiency of such photo-Fenton process. Disinfection of MWTP effluents by the same process showed promising results, although disinfection was not complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Klamerth
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT , Carretera de Senés km4, 04200 Tabernas, Spain
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Rojas MR, Leung C, Whitley D, Zhu Y, Arnold RG, Sáez AE. Advanced Oxidation of Trace Organics in Water by Hydrogen Peroxide Solar Photolysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie201381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario R. Rojas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Cary Leung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Daniel Whitley
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Robert G. Arnold
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - A. Eduardo Sáez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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