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Mao J, Tan L, Tian C, Wang W, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Li Y. Research progress on rodent models and its mechanisms of liver injury. Life Sci 2024; 337:122343. [PMID: 38104860 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the most important organ for biological transformation in the body and is crucial for maintaining the body's vital activities. Liver injury is a serious pathological condition that is commonly found in many liver diseases. It has a high incidence rate, is difficult to cure, and is prone to recurrence. Liver injury can cause serious harm to the body, ranging from mild to severe fatty liver disease. If the condition continues to worsen, it can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, ultimately resulting in liver failure or liver cancer, which can seriously endanger human life and health. Therefore, establishing an rodent model that mimics the pathogenesis and severity of clinical liver injury is of great significance for better understanding the pathogenesis of liver injury patients and developing more effective clinical treatment methods. The author of this article summarizes common chemical liver injury models, immune liver injury models, alcoholic liver injury models, drug-induced liver injury models, and systematically elaborates on the modeling methods, mechanisms of action, pathways of action, and advantages or disadvantages of each type of model. The aim of this study is to establish reliable rodent models for researchers to use in exploring anti-liver injury and hepatoprotective drugs. By creating more accurate theoretical frameworks, we hope to provide new insights into the treatment of clinical liver injury diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Mao
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lihong Tan
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Cheng Tian
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhaojing Zhu
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yan Li
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Molecular interplay promotes amelioration by quercetin during experimental hepatic inflammation in rodents. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2936-2947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kushwah AS, Mittal R, Kumar M, Kaur G, Goel P, Sharma RK, Kabra A, Nainwal LM. Cardioprotective Activity of Cassia fistula L. Bark Extract in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:6874281. [PMID: 36051494 PMCID: PMC9427257 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6874281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cassia fistula Linn, generally recognized as Indian laburnum, is one of the ancient trees in the Indian subcontinent used for its ornamental and diverse medicinal properties. It is known for its ethnic medicinal uses in inflammatory and infectious pathologies such as antihelmintic, purgative, carminative, antipyretic, expectorant, analgesic, laxative, antiseptic, and antidote against snake poison. The Cassia bark is rich in anthraquinones, flavanols glycosides, and sitosterols, which renders it cardioprotective properties. The existing experiments were designed to assess the potential of Cassia fistula bark against isoproterenol (ISP)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats, which has not been validated yet. The bark was successively extracted with five different solvents, and each extract was subjected to in vitro antioxidant studies. Further acute oral toxicity assays were carried out preceding in vivo myocardial studies. Cardiotoxicity-inducing agent, ISP, was administrated to the rats for two consecutive days (8th and 9th). Based on in vitro studies, the Cassia fistula methanolic extract (CFME) was administered in two doses: CFME-LD (lower dose 250 mg/kg) and CFME-HD (high dose 500 mg/kg) separately. It was found that CFME produced a substantial decrease in lipid peroxidation and an increase in antioxidants in myocardial tissues. CFME abrogated the levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol with a decrease in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity in serum at both doses. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and histopathology also revealed the protective effects of CFME against ISP-induced myocardial infarction. The study showed the significant role of the CFME as a strong antioxidant and cardioprotective action in ISP-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Singh Kushwah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Rupnagar, Punjab 140111, India
| | - Roopal Mittal
- RKSD College of Pharmacy, Kaithal, Haryana 136027, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Rupnagar, Punjab 140111, India
| | - Prerna Goel
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Sohna, Gurugram, Haryana 122102, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Rupnagar, Punjab 140111, India
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Lalit Mohan Nainwal
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Sohna, Gurugram, Haryana 122102, India
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Sakr MA, Al-Azzawi MA, Anis A, Abd El-Aziz AA, Ebeid ME, Shokeer MA, fayed A. The correlation between P53 and COX-2 expression and the pathological alteration in hepatocellular carcinoma. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the highest life-threatening malignancies. On both a molecular and histological level, HCC is a highly heterogeneous malignancy. This study was aimed to study the correlation between the molecular expression of some molecular biomarkers (P53 and Cox-2) and the histopathological alterations in the chemically induced HCC by Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in Adult female Rats. The liver tumor induction was done by injection of DEN intraperitoneally one, two and three times/week for 2 months by the dose of 50 mg/kg Bw. The histopathological analysis was done and expression level of P53 and cox-2 was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) at the end of the experiment.
Results
In this study, Grossly, livers of the groups administered with DEN showed multiple grayish-white macronodules on the outer surface which is dose dependent. Histopathologically, DEN induce multifocal micronodules of hepatocellular carcinoma which characterized by nuclear atypia, clear cell, mitotic figures and necrosis of hepatocytes. P53 mRNA expression to GAPDH, revealed that, there was a statistically significant decrease in HCC groups compared to healthy control group, while Cox-2 mRNA expression was significantly increased in HCC groups than healthy control group.
Conclusions
HCC staging can be achieved by detection the expression of P53, and Cox-2 as molecular markers as it considers noninvasive, rapid and easy method than the histopathological analysis. Finally, Cox-2 could be a therapeutic candidate for HCC due to the higher expression of Cox-2 in HCC lesions.
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Rouf R, Ghosh P, Uzzaman MR, Sarker DK, Zahura FT, Uddin SJ, Muhammad I. Hepatoprotective Plants from Bangladesh: A Biophytochemical Review and Future Prospect. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:1633231. [PMID: 34504532 PMCID: PMC8423546 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1633231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases are quite prevalant in many densely populated countries, including Bangladesh. The liver and its hepatocytes are targeted by virus and microbes, as well as by chemical environmental toxicants, causing wide-spread disruption of metabolic fuctions of the human body, leading to death from end-stage liver diseases. The aim of this review is to systematically explore and record the potential of Bangladeshi ethnopharmacological plants to treat liver diseases with focus on their sources, constituents, and therapeutic uses, including mechanisms of actions (MoA). A literature survey was carried out using Pubmed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases with articles reported until July, 2020. A total of 88 Bangladeshi hepatoprotective plants (BHPs) belonging to 47 families were listed in this review, including Euphorbiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Compositae families contained 20% of plants, while herbs were the most cited (51%) and leaves were the most consumed parts (23%) as surveyed. The effect of BHPs against different hepatotoxins was observed via upregulation of antioxidant systems and inhibition of lipid peroxidation which subsequently reduced the elevated liver biomarkers. Different active constituents, including phenolics, curcuminoids, cucurbitanes, terpenoids, fatty acids, carotenoids, and polysaccharides, have been reported from these plants. The hepatoameliorative effect of these constituents was mainly involved in the reduction of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways. In summary, BHPs represent a valuable resource for hepatoprotective lead therapeutics which may offer new alternatives to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razina Rouf
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Raihan Uzzaman
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Dipto Kumer Sarker
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Fatima Tuz Zahura
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Mandlik DS, Mandlik SK. An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Emphasis on Dietary Products and Herbal Remedies. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1549-1567. [PMID: 34396860 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1965630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The most common principal malignant tumor that accounts for ∼80% of cases of liver cancer across the world is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is a multifacetedillness that is caused by several risk factors and often progresses in the context of underlying cirrhosis. It is tremendously difficult and essential for the screening of novel therapeutic medications to establish HCC preclinical models that are equivalent to clinical diseases settings, i.e., representing the tumor microenvironment of HCC. In the progress of HCC, numerous molecular cascades have been supposed to play a part. Sorafenib is the only drug permitted by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HCC. Yet because of the increasing resistance to the drug and its toxicity, clinical treatment methods are not completely adequate. Newer treatment therapy options are essential for the management of HCC in patients. Natural compounds can be afforded by the patients with improved results with less toxicity and fewer side effects, among different methods of liver cancer treatment. The treatment and management of HCC with natural drugs and their phytoconstituents are connected to several paths that can prevent the occurrence and progress of HCC in several ways. The present review summarizes the etiology of HCC, molecular pathways, newer therapeutic approaches, natural dietary products, herbal plants and phytoconstituents for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Mandlik
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune, India
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Hao J, Ye L, Meng G, Song Y, Fu J, Wu X. The protective effect and crucial biological pathways analysis of Trametes lactinea mycelium polysaccharides on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice based on transcriptomics and metabonomics. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sun B, Yang Y, He M, Jin Y, Cao X, Du X, Yang R. Hepatoprotective Role of Berberine on Doxorubicin Induced Hepatotoxicity - Involvement of Cyp. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:541-547. [PMID: 32586251 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200620203648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background:
The liver is one of the major organ involved in drug metabolism. Cytochrome P450s are
predominantly involved in drug metabolism. A wide range of CYPs have been reported in the liver which have been
involved in its normal as well as in diseased conditions. Doxorubicin, one of the most potent chemotherapeutic drugs,
although highly efficacious, also has adverse side effects, with its targets being liver and cardiac tissue.
Objective:
The study aims to evaluate the reversal potentials of berberine on Doxorubicin induced cyp conversion.
Methodology:
In the present study, the interplay between anti-oxidants, cytochrome and inflammatory markers in
DOX induced liver toxicity and its possible reversal by berberine was ascertained.
Results:
DOX administration significantly elevated serum as well as tissue stress, which was reverted by berberine
treatment. A similar response was observed in tissue inflammatory mediators as well as in serum cytokine levels.
Most profound reduction in the cytochrome expression was found in Cyp 2B1, 2B2, and 2E1. However, 2C1, 2C6,
and 3A1 although showed a decline, but it did not revert the expression back to control levels.
Conclusion:
It could be concluded that berberine may be an efficient anti-oxidant and immune modulator. It
possesses low to moderate cytochrome modulatory potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College, Xian Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College, Xian Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengzi He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College, Xian Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanan Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College, Xian Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College, Xian Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiwei Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College, Xian Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruixia Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College, Xian Shaanxi, China
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Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extract exhibits comparable ameliorative potentials with ascorbate in dimethylnitrosamine-induced bone marrow clastogenicity and hepatotoxicity. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Kaur S, Sharma D, Singh AP, Kaur S. Amelioration of hepatic function, oxidative stress, and histopathologic damages by Cassia fistula L. fraction in thioacetamide-induced liver toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:29930-29945. [PMID: 31407268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cassia fistula L. (Caesalpinioideae) is a highly admirable medicinal plant and is traditionally recommended for the treatment of rheumatism, liver disorders, jaundice, and other inflammatory diseases. This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective properties of ethyl acetate fraction from C. fistula leaves in an animal model. Treatment with thioacetamide significantly elevated the level of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (1.75-fold), alkaline phosphatase (4.07-fold), and total bilirubin (2.29-fold) as compared to the control. It was found that pretreatment of fraction followed by consecutive 2 days thioacetamide reduced the conversion of thioacetamide carcinogen to its reactive metabolites by phase I enzymes and increased the level of detoxification phase II along with antioxidative enzymes. The histopathological studies revealed the hepatoprotective nature of the fraction in restoring the normal architecture of thioacetamide-intoxicated damaged liver. The fraction showed downregulation in the expression level of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR pointing towards its chemopreventive potential. The HPLC analysis of the fraction had shown the dominance of three phenolic compounds namely, catechin, epicatechin, and chlorogenic acid. The above studies comprising histopathological, immunohistochemical, and hepatic enzymes are strong indicative of the potential protective ability of ethyl acetate fraction phytoconstituents against thioacetamide-induced toxicity. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaur
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Dipakshi Sharma
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Amrit Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Two purified proteins from royal jelly with in vitro dual anti-hepatic damage potency: Major royal jelly protein 2 and its novel isoform X1. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:782-795. [PMID: 30711561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are serious life-threating conditions that should be controlled. Here, we identify a protein fraction from royal-jelly (RJ) that represents the most effective composite against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and HepG2 cell growth. Two closely related proteins were purified from this fraction by a new simple method and identified by MALDI-TOF MS as major RJ protein 2 (MRJP2) and its predicted isoform X1. The in silico assessment (3D structures and functions) of these proteins were performed using Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I-TASSER) analysis and RAMPAGE program. These two purified proteins were able to relieve the necrotic hepatocytes (by 60.4%) via reducing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and intracellular reactive species. The latter effects associated with improving hepatocyte functions. Furthermore, they revealed the potent anticancer effect via induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis and controlling the expression of both Bcl-2 and p53 in HepG2 cells. Thus, MRJP2 and its isoform X1 can be a promising dual strategy for fighting hepatic injury and cancer in future animal and human studies.
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Lin L, Wang Q, Lu J, Lv S, Jiang S. Protective effects of tilapia fish oil and liposomes on ischemia reperfusion injury of rat liver. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province Hefei China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province Hefei China
| | - Shun Lv
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province Hefei China
| | - Shaotong Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province Hefei China
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Akinbo DB, Onyeaghala AA, Emomidue JO, Ogbhemhe SO, Okpoli HC. Phytochemical and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous leaf extract of Indian borage (oregano) on rats induced with inflammation. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:257-265. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Bolaji Akinbo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado – Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Augustine A. Onyeaghala
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado – Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Jennifer Ochuko Emomidue
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado – Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | | | - Henry Chijindu Okpoli
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
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Diethylnitrosamine Increases Proliferation in Early Stages of Hepatic Carcinogenesis in Insulin-Treated Type 1 Diabetic Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9472939. [PMID: 29850590 PMCID: PMC5937583 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9472939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induces hepatocarcinogenesis, increasing mitotic hepatocytes and leading to chronic inflammation. In addition, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is also characterized by a proinflammatory state and by requiring insulin exogenous treatment. Given the association of diabetes, insulin treatment, and cell proliferation, our specific goal was to determine whether the liver in the diabetic state presents a greater response to DEN-induced cell cycle alteration, which is essential for the malignant transformation. Male C57BL/6 mice (four-week-old) were divided into 4 groups: C, C + DEN, T1DM, and T1DM + DEN. Mice were euthanized ten weeks after DEN injection. DEN per se produced an increase in liver lipid peroxidation levels. Besides, in T1DM + DEN, we found a greater increase in the proliferation index, in comparison with C + DEN. These results are in agreement with the increased expression observed in cell cycle progression markers: cyclin D1 and E1. In addition, a proapoptotic factor, such as activated caspase-3, evidenced a decrease in T1DM + DEN, while the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and the protooncogene p53 showed a higher increase with respect to C + DEN. Overall, the results allow us to highlight a major DEN response in T1DM, which may explain in part the greater predisposition to the development of hepatocarcinoma (HCC) during the diabetic state.
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Jang SH, Yang DK. The combination of Cassia obtusifolia L. and Foeniculum vulgare M. exhibits a laxative effect on loperamide-induced constipation of rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195624. [PMID: 29621360 PMCID: PMC5886691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic constipation is a functional gastrointestinal disease that is detrimental to the quality of patient life. Cassia obtusifolia L. (CO) and Foeniculum vulgare M. (FV) are commonly used as medicinal foods in many countries. We aimed to examine the laxative effect and their underlying mechanism of CO and FV mixture on loperamide (lop)-induced constipated rats. To determine the laxative effects of these compounds, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: the control, lop-induced constipated (2mg/kg), and three doses (100, 300, and 500mg/kg) of CO and FV mixture-, and Bisacodyl (bis, 3.3mg/kg)-treated groups. The mixture of CO and FV and bis were orally administered once a day for 4 weeks. For induction of constipation, the lop were treated with a dose of 2 mg/kg twice a day on the 3rd week after treatments of CO and FV extracts and bis. The results were revealed that the CO and FV mixture has the laxative effects more than those in CO and FV-alone treatments on constipated rats by determining the stool parameters, including stool number and weight. Indeed, stool parameters, such as, stool number, weight, and water contents and colonic peristalsis from the intestinal transit length and ratio were dramatically improved by CO and FV mixture treatment. Histological study also revealed that CO and FV mixture enhanced the thicknesses of mucosa and muscular layers of the colon in constipated rats. For their underlying mechanism, the mRNAs and proteins expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAchR) M2 and M3 and their downstream signaling were preserved by CO and FV mixture treatment in constipated rats. Therefore, this study suggests that treatment with CO and FV mixture has beneficial effects against constipation. We further suggest that CO and FV mixture may be utilized as an alternative therapeutic strategy for constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Jang
- Research & Development in TEAZEN, Inc., Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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El-Din AE, Ali MHM, Ahmed ES, Hassanane MM, Khalil WKB. Ameliorative Effect of Zygophyllum album Extract Against Hepatotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin in Male Mice. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.421.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mohammed AT, Ismail HTH. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological impacts of barium chloride and barium carbonate accumulation in soft tissues of male Sprague-Dawley rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26634-26645. [PMID: 28956246 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the hematotoxicity, sero-biochemical and histological changes due to the accumulation of BaCl2 and BaCO3, the most important barium salts in our daily lives, in different soft tissues including the liver, kidney, heart, and spleen of adult rats after an oral exposure for 30 consecutive days, and to explain the different mechanisms by which this metal can exert these impacts. For this purpose, adult male rats were divided into three main groups of 15 animals each: group I, serving as controls, group II, receiving BaCl2 orally in a dose of 179 mg barium/kg b.wt, and group III, receiving BaCO3 orally in a dose of 418 mg barium/kg b.wt. for 30 consecutive days. Obviously, normocytic normochromic anemia was evident in both barium groups. Serum biochemical analysis revealed significant declines in glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and urea with significant elevations in malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase levels. Hyperphosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypochloremia were also evident in both barium groups. Besides, residual analysis of both barium salts in different body organs revealed significantly abundant barium residues in the liver, spleen, heart, and kidney, respectively in both barium salts groups. Moreover, splenic tissue showed hemosiderosis, peritubular congestion, and necrotic glomeruli with intratubular hemorrhage. Sever subepicardial congestion with intramuscular edema was evident in the heart. In conclusion, BaCl2 and BaCO3 were able to deliver mortalities, antioxidant enzymes exhaustion, and a sort of normocytic normochromic anemia, as well as marked disturbances in cardiac, hepatic, and renal functions due to the accumulation of these two salts in the soft tissues. Therefore, these results demonstrate the unrecognized toxicity of those two barium salts due to their accumulation in various soft tissues of the body and so, this needs to reconsider about barium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hager Tarek H Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Ali MY, Jannat S, Jung HA, Min BS, Paudel P, Choi JS. Hepatoprotective effect of Cassia obtusifolia
seed extract and constituents against oxidative damage induced by tert
-butyl hydroperoxide in human hepatic HepG2 cells. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Food and Life Science; Pukyong National University; Busan 608-737 Republic of Korea
| | - Susoma Jannat
- Department of Food and Life Science; Pukyong National University; Busan 608-737 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy; Catholic University of Daegu; Gyeongsan 712-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science; Pukyong National University; Busan 608-737 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science; Pukyong National University; Busan 608-737 Republic of Korea
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Unsal V, Belge-Kurutaş E. Experimental Hepatic Carcinogenesis: Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:686-691. [PMID: 28932315 PMCID: PMC5591604 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the world, and it is influenced by agents such as DEN, 2-AAF, phenobarbital, alcohol, aflatoxin B1 metabolite or hepatitis viruses (B and C). Oxidative stress is becoming recognized as a key factor in the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis. Reactive oxygen species can play a leading role in initiation and promotion of hepatic carcinogenesis. The metabolites of DEN Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) mediate the binding of tumour promoters by covalently binding to the DNA with one or two oxidation-providing electrons. 2-AAF is the inducer of DEN, and it is involved in tumour formation in the bladder and liver. Reactive Oxygen species (ROS); carbohydrates, lipids, DNA and enzymes, such as affect all important structures. Additionally, an excessive amount of ROS is highly toxic to cells. Antioxidants are protects against ROS, toxic substances, carcinogens. This review focuses on the literature on studies of Hepatic Carcinogenesis, oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velid Unsal
- Gaziosmanpaşa University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ergül Belge-Kurutaş
- Sutcu Imam University, Medical of Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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20
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Seo Y, Song JS, Kim YM, Jang YP. Toralactone glycoside in Cassia obtusifolia mediates hepatoprotection via an Nrf2-dependent anti-oxidative mechanism. Food Res Int 2017; 97:340-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Mohammed M, Abdel-Gawad E, Awwad S, Kandil E, El-Agamy B. Therapeutic role of a synthesized calcium phosphate nanocomposite material on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 94:279-88. [PMID: 27276232 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology research is booming worldwide, and the general belief is that medical and biological applications will form the greatest sector of expansion over the next decade. With this in mind, this study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a synthesized tricalcium phosphate nanocomposite material (nano-TCP) on hepatocarcinoma in a rat model, as initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and promoted with phenobarbital (PB). Hepatocarcinoma was induced with intraperitoneal injections of DEN (50 mg·(kg body mass)(-1)) 3 times a week for 2 weeks. Three weeks after the last dose of DEN, the rats received PB (0.05 %, w/v) in their drinking water for a further 6 weeks. Nano-TCP (100 mg·(kg body mass)(-1)) was administered intraperitoneally 3 times per week to rats with HCC. At the end of the experimental period, liver samples were collected from all animals for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The degree of DNA fragmentation was analyzed, in addition to immune status, by measuring the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The activities of the most important free-radical scavengers of the antioxidant defense system as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and liver enzymes were measured. The levels of hepatic heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70), caspase-3, and metalloproteinase-9 were also measured as markers for inflammation and apoptosis. Histopathological examination of liver tissue was performed. The results revealed the potent efficacy of nano-TCP in repairing the fragmented DNA and ameliorating most of the investigated parameters by significant elevation in the levels of hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in hepatic gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), MDA, IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), HSP-70, and caspase-3 levels upon treatment. The findings form histopathological examination of the liver tissues agreed with the biochemical results and confirmed the difference between the control and treatment groups. In conclusion, nano-TCP succeeded in treating hepatocarcinoma efficiently, and presents a new hope for patients to get safe, fast, and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy Mohammed
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdel-Gawad
- b Radioisotopes Department, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Eman Kandil
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma El-Agamy
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhao X, Wang L, Zhang H, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Zhang J. Protective effect of artemisinin on chronic alcohol induced-liver damage in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 52:221-226. [PMID: 28448816 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver disease related to chronic alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of death for alcoholics. The efficient drug to ameliorate the alcoholic liver injury was needed urgently. The present study was performed to investigate whether artemisinin possessed the protective effect against chronic alcohol consumption. 50 male Kunming mice were divided into 5 groups: control group (C): 10ml/kg saline+10ml/kg saline, alcohol group (A): 10ml/kg 56%(v/v) alcohol+10ml/kg saline, low dose group of artemisinin (L): 10ml/kg 56%(v/v) alcohol+30mg/kg/day artemisinin, medium dose group of artemisinin (M): 10ml/kg 56%(v/v) alcohol+60mg/kg/day artemisinin, high dose group of artemisinin (H): 10ml/kg 56%(v/v) alcohol+120mg/kg/day artemisinin. Drugs were given orally every day. The general state of mice was observed and the levels of serum activities of AST and ALT were detected after treatment with drugs for 30days. Besides, the liver weight index was calculated and histopathological analysis was performed. We successfully demonstrated that treatment with high dose of artemisinin significantly decreased the elevated levels of AST (p<0.05) and ALT (p<0.01) in plasma, as well as the liver weight index (p<0.01). The loss of body weight, tissue injury, oedema and inflammatory cell infiltration in the hepatocytes were found in the A group. These symptoms were remarkably alleviated in animals treated with artemisinin. Artemisinin can inhibit the activation of NF-кB and the expression of inflammatory cytokines inducible nitric oxide synthase. Besides, it can also enhance the stability of liver cell membrane, and reduce the damage of liver cell membrane and liver cell. Artemisinin showed a protective effect against chronic alcohol poisoning and it has a great potential for the clinical application to treat the liver injury induced by alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Liqing Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, China.
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Hamza RZ, Ismail HAA, El-Shenawy NS. Oxidative stress, histopathological and electron microscopic alterations induced by dimethylnitrosamine in renal male mice and the protective effect of α-lipoic acid. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28:149-158. [PMID: 27701137 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) is a waste product of several industrial processes. α-Lipoic acid (ALA) is a vitamin-like chemical also called as an antioxidant. Therefore, the study was designed to investigate the potential benefits of ALA in reducing the nephropathy of DMN in male mice. METHODS Animals were divided into 6 groups (n=8) and received their treatment for 4 weeks as follows: groups 1-4 served as control, ALA-treatment (16.12 mg/kg), DMN low dose treatment and DMN high dose treatment, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 received ALA before DMN low dose and DMN high dose, respectively. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and xanthine oxidase, total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation as well as the levels of uric acid and creatinine were determined. The histological and ultrastructure changes of renal tissue were also evaluated. RESULTS Treatment of the DMN mice with ALA showed a reduction in the levels of kidney nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, as well as creatinine and uric acid levels as compared with the DMN group. The results show that ALA plays an important role in quenching the free radicals resulting from the metabolism of DMN, thereby inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protecting membrane lipids from oxidative damage and, in turn, preventing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Histopathological and ultrastructure analysis of renal tissue confirmed the oxidative stress results occurred in DMN renal mice. Concomitant administration of ALA with DMN significantly decreased all the histopathological changes induced by DMN. CONCLUSIONS The present study elucidated the therapeutic effects of ALA administered in combination with DMN to minimize its renal toxicity.
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Choi MJ, Zheng HM, Kim JM, Lee KW, Park YH, Lee DH. Protective effects of Centella asiatica leaf extract on dimethylnitrosamine‑induced liver injury in rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4521-4528. [PMID: 27748812 PMCID: PMC5101987 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in liver injury is a major pathogenetic factor in the progression of liver damage. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, known in the United States as Gotu kola, is widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in Chinese or Indian Pennywort. The efficacy of Centella asiatica is comprehensive and is used as an anti-inflammatory agent, for memory improvement, for its antitumor activity and for treatment of gastric ulcers. The present study investigated the protective effects of Centella asiatica on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver injury in rats. The rats in the treatment groups were treated with Centella asiatica at either 100 or 200 mg/kg in distilled water (D.W) or with silymarin (200 mg/kg in D.W) by oral administration for 5 days daily following intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg/kg DMN. Centella asiatica significantly decreased the relative liver weights in the DMN-induced liver injury group, compared with the control. The assessment of liver histology showed that Centella asiatica significantly alleviated mass periportal ± bridging necrosis, intralobular degeneration and focal necrosis, with fibrosis of liver tissues. Additionally, Centella asiatica significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde, significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and may have provided protection against the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species. In addition, Centella asiatica significantly decreased inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These results suggested that Centella asiatica had hepatoprotective effects through increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the levels of inflammatory mediators in rats with DMN-induced liver injury. Therefore, Centella asiatica may be useful in preventing liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Joo Choi
- Department of New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 400‑712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Mei Zheng
- Department of New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 400‑712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Kim
- National Center of Efficacy Evaluation for the Development of Health Products Targeting Digestive Disorders, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 400‑712, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Wan Lee
- Dongkook Pharmaceutical R&D Center, Gangnam‑gu, Seoul 135‑502, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Hwa Park
- Dongkook Pharmaceutical R&D Center, Gangnam‑gu, Seoul 135‑502, Republic of Korea
| | - Don Haeng Lee
- Department of New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 400‑712, Republic of Korea
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Somade OT, Ugbaja RN, Adeyi OE, Ogunberu DM. Thyroid and reproductive hormones disruption as well as kallikrein-3 level in dimethyl nitrosamine-induced toxicity: Effects of ascorbate treatment in male wistar rats. BIOCHIMIE OPEN 2016; 3:40-46. [PMID: 29450129 PMCID: PMC5801907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Information on dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN)-induced toxicity on endocrine functions is still scanty. This study therefore investigated the outcomes of DMN-induced toxicity on endocrine (thyroid and reproductive) functions, as well as kallikrein-3 level, and effects of ascorbate treatments in male wistar rats. Thirty animals divided into six groups of five rats each were used. Group I animals were the normal control, group II animals served as vehicle control and were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of normal saline, groups III and IV were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 30 mg/kg DMN for 48 h, but group IV animals were post-treated orally with 5.71 mg/kg body weight (400 mg/70 kg) ascorbate for seven days, group V animals were pre-treated with same dose of ascorbate orally for seven days before intraperitoneal injection of DMN, while group VI animals were orally administered ascorbate only for seven days. Compared with control, DMN administration resulted in significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum total cholesterol, testosterone (TST), luteinizing hormone (LH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and kallikrein III (KLK-3) levels, as well as non-significant increase in serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level. Pre-treatment with ascorbate significantly increase LH and KLK-3 levels, while post-treatment significantly increase fT3 level. Also, pre-treatment with ascorbate significantly reduced TSH level, while there was no significant difference in TST level following ascorbate treatments. From our findings and to some extent, ascorbate demonstrates ameliorative effects against DMN-induced hormonal disruption in male wistar rats, and this may be attributed to its antioxidant property. DMN administration significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, testosterone (TST), luteinizing hormone (LH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and kallikrein III (KLK-3) levels. Pre-treatment with ascorbate significantly increases LH and KLK-3 levels. Ascorbate post-treatment and pre-treatment significantly increased fT3 and decreased TSH levels respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi T Somade
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Regina N Ugbaja
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Olubisi E Adeyi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Damilola M Ogunberu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Elwej A, Grojja Y, Ghorbel I, Boudawara O, Jarraya R, Boudawara T, Zeghal N. Barium chloride induces redox status unbalance, upregulates cytokine genes expression and confers hepatotoxicity in rats-alleviation by pomegranate peel. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:7559-7571. [PMID: 26732703 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-6023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to establish the therapeutic efficacy of pomegranate peel against barium chloride induced liver injury. Adult rats were divided into four groups of six animals each: group I, serving as controls, received distilled water; group II received by their drinking water 67 ppm of BaCl2; group III received both 67 ppm of BaCl2 by the same way than group II and 5 % of pomegranate peel (PP) via diet; group IV received 5 % of PP. Analysis by HPLC/MS of PP showed its rich composition in flavonoids such as gallic acid, castalin, hyperin, quercitrin, syringic acid, and quercetin. The protective effects of pomegranate peel against hepatotoxicity induced by barium chloride were assessed using biochemical parameters and histological studies. Exposure of rats to barium caused oxidative stress in the liver as evidenced by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), H2O2 and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) activities, a decrease in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, glutathion (GSH), non-protein thiol (NPSH), vitamin C levels, and Mn-SOD gene expression. Liver total MT levels, MT-1, and MT-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes expression like TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were increased. Pomegranate peel, supplemented in the diet of barium-treated rats, showed an improvement of all the parameters indicated above.The present work provided ethnopharmacological relevance of pomegranate peel against the toxic effects of barium, suggesting its beneficial role as a potential antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awatef Elwej
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Yousri Grojja
- Chemistry of Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ghorbel
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ons Boudawara
- Anatomopathology laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Jarraya
- Chemistry of Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahia Boudawara
- Anatomopathology laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najiba Zeghal
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, UR11/ ES 70, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
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LPS-induced oxidative inflammation and hyperlipidemia in male rats: The protective role of Origanum majorana extract. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Sim Y, Oh H, Oh DS, Kim N, Gu PS, Choi JG, Kim HG, Kang TH, Oh MS. An experimental study on providing a scientific evidence for seven-time alcohol-steaming of Rhei Rhizoma when clinically used. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:388. [PMID: 26506837 PMCID: PMC4624659 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Rhei Rhizoma (RR) has been widely used as laxative and processed to alter its therapeutic actions or reduce its side effects. In this study, we evaluated experimentally the clinical application guideline that RR should be alcohol-steamed seven times before being used in elderly patients, as described in Dongeuibogam, the most famous book on Korean traditional medicine. Methods Unprocessed RR (RR-U) was soaked in rice wine, steamed and then fully dried (RR-P1). The process was repeated four (RR-P4) or seven times (RR-P7). Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the RR-U, RR-P1, RR-P4 and RR-P7 (RRs) constituents. To evaluate the effect of RRs on liver toxicity, human hepatoma cells (HepG2) were treated with RRs at 100 μg/mL for 4 h and then cell viabilities were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. To confirm the effects in vivo, 5-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with RRs at 3 g/kg/day for 21 days. Body weight and serum biochemical parameters were measured and liver histology was assessed. Results The levels of sennosides decreased in processed RRs in an iteration-dependent manner, while the emodin level was unaffected. In HepG2 cells, cell viability was reduced with RR-U, while the toxicity decreased according to the number of processing cycles. The changes in body weight, relative liver weight and liver enzymes of RR-U-treated rats were reduced in processed RRs-treated rats. Histopathological analysis indicated swelling and cholestasis improved following seven times alcohol-steaming cycles. Conclusions These results provide experimental evidence that RR-P7 almost completely reduces RR hepatotoxicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0922-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Akbarzadeh T, Sabourian R, Saeedi M, Rezaeizadeh H, Khanavi M, Ardekani MRS. Liver tonics: review of plants used in Iranian traditional medicine. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(15)30002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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30
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Shaban NZ, El-Kersh MA, Bader-Eldin MM, Kato SA, Hamoda AF. Effect of Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Juice Extract on Healthy Liver and Hepatotoxicity Induced by Diethylnitrosamine and Phenobarbital in Male Rats. J Med Food 2014; 17:339-49. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Z. Shaban
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A.R. El-Kersh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Sosan Amin Kato
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F. Hamoda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Shaban NZ, El-Kersh MA, El-Rashidy FH, Habashy NH. Protective role of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel and seed oil extracts on diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital-induced hepatic injury in male rats. Food Chem 2013; 141:1587-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ajiboye TO, Abdussalam FA, Adeleye AO, Iliasu GA, Ariyo FA, Adediran ZA, Raji KO, Raji HO. Bridelia ferrugineaPromotes Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification in N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Treated Rats. J Diet Suppl 2013; 10:210-28. [DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2013.822451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Mohamed AM, Abdalla MS, Rizk MZ, Mahdy ESME, Farrag ARH, El-Sharabasy FS, Aly HF, Mohamed MR. Alleviation of Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Supplementation of Anabasis articulata Extract in Rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 29:418-29. [PMID: 25298623 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anabasis articulata (Forssk) Moq. (Chenopodiaceae) is an herb, grows in Egypt, and used in folk medicine to treat diabetes, fever, and kidney infections. The protective and therapeutic effects of the ethanol extract of A. articulata aerial parts were evaluated against dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis, compared with the standard drug, silymarin. Hepatic hydroxyproline content, serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and fructosamine were measured as liver fibrosis markers. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione content (GSH) were measured as oxidant/antioxidant markers. Parallel histopathological investigations were also performed. Protective and therapeutic administration of A. articulata (100 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks), markedly prevented DMN-induced loss in body and liver weights. The extract significantly inhibited the elevation of hepatic hydroxyproline, NO and MDA (P < 0.05), as well as serum fructosamine, and TGF-β1 (P < 0.05) induced by DMN while it restored IL-10 to normal level in both protective and therapeutic groups. Furthermore, A. articulata prevented the depletion in CAT, GR, and GSH levels (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, oral administration of A. articulata extract and silymarin to both protective and therapeutic groups reduced the increase in liver function enzyme activities; alanine and aspartate amintransferases, gamma-glutamyl transferase in addition to alkaline phosphatase, and caused significant increase in serum albumin concentration as compared to DMN group. These data corresponded closely with those obtained for the drug silymarin. Histopathological studies confirmed the biochemical data and revealed remarkable improvement in liver architecture. Thus, it could be concluded that, A. articulata extract exhibited in vivo hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects against DMN-induced liver injury and may act as a useful agent in controlling the progression of hepatic fibrosis through reduction of oxidative stress and improving liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza M Mohamed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Maha Z Rizk
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Fatma S El-Sharabasy
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan F Aly
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Mohamed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Arulpandi I, Sangeetha R. Antibacterial Activity of Fistulin: A Protease Inhibitor Purified from the Leaves of Cassia fistula. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2012; 2012:584073. [PMID: 22779011 PMCID: PMC3388288 DOI: 10.5402/2012/584073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant protease inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the important components of a plant's defense machinery. PPIs are active against the insects and microbes which invade the plant. Cassia species possess anti-insecticidal and antimicrobial properties and this study was aimed at investigating the antibacterial efficacy of a PPI present in the leaves of Cassia fistula. A PPI, fistulin, was isolated from the leaves of C. fistula and purified by gel filtration chromatography. The antibacterial activity of the purified fistulin was studied against five bacterial strains, namely, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The PPI was found to be very active against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, and K. pneumonia, and its efficacy was comparable to the standard drug, streptomycin sulphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Arulpandi
- Research Department of Microbiology, Asan Memorial College, Chennai 600 100, India
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'Okra' Hibiscus esculentus L.: A study of its hepatoprotective activity. Saudi Pharm J 2011; 20:135-41. [PMID: 23960784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, an attempt has been made to validate the claimed uses of 'Okra' Hibiscus esculentus in liver diseases. The preventive action of ethanolic extract of okra (EEO) against liver injury was evaluated in rodents using carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity model. EEO, at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, exerted significant dose-dependent hepatoprotection by decreasing the CCl4-induced elevation of serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP, GGT, cholesterol, triglycerides and malondialdehyde (MDA) non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) and total protein (TP) levels in the liver tissue. A significant reduction was also observed in pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the extract are being comparable to standard silymarin. These findings were supported by histological assessment of the liver biopsy. The ability of okra extract to protect chemically induced liver damage may be attributed to its potent antioxidant property.
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Chichioco-Hernandez C, Wudarski J, Gevaert L, Verschaeve L. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of some Philippine medicinal plants. Pharmacogn Mag 2011; 7:171-5. [PMID: 21716927 PMCID: PMC3113359 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.80683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The genotoxicity and toxicity of ethnomedicinal Philippine plants, which include Cassia fistula, Derris elliptica, Ficus elastica, Gliciridia sepium, Michelia alba, Morus alba, Pogostemon cablin and Ricinus communis, were tested using the Vitotox assay. The plants are used traditionally to treat several disorders like diabetes, weakness, menorrhagia, headache, toothache and rheumatism. The dried leaves were homogenized for overnight soaking in methanol at room temperature. The resulting alcoholic extracts were filtered and concentrated in vacuo and tested for their genotoxicity and cytotoxicity using Vitotox®. Results showed that the medicinal plants that were tested are not genotoxic nor cytotoxic, except for R. communis and P. cablin, which showed toxicity at high doses (low dilutions) in the absence of S9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chichioco-Hernandez
- Bioorganic and Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Belgium
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Protective effect of Cassia fistula fruit extract against bromobenzene-induced liver injury in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:1039-44. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110386256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, hepatoprotective effect of Cassia fistula fruit extract was investigated in mice. Animals were divided into six groups receiving normal saline (1), bromobenzene (460 mg/kg) alone (2) and together with increasing doses (200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg) of a crude hydro-alcoholic extract of Cassia fistula fruit (3-6, respectively). All administrations were carried out orally, daily, for 10 days. On the 11th day, animals were sacrificed. Serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) were determined; serum levels of direct and total bilirubin were measured; furthermore, livers were prepared for histological examination. Our results showed that bromobenzene treatment alone elicited a significant increase in activities of AST, ALT, ALP (but not γGT), and it significantly elevated the levels of direct and total bilirubin. Co-treatment with Cassia fistula fruit extract, however, significantly and dose-dependently decreased the above-mentioned enzyme activities (with exception of γGT) and bilirubin levels, producing a recovery to the naive state. The protective effect of Cassia fistula fruit extract against liver injury evoked by bromobenzene was confirmed by histological examination as well. In conclusion, the Cassia fistula fruit extract has significant hepatoprotective effect in our murine model.
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Bhope SG, Kuber VV, Nagore DH. Validated HPTLC method for simultaneous quantification of sennoside A, sennoside B, and kaempferol inCassia fistulaLinn. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.22.2010.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Park CM, Youn HJ, Chang HK, Song YS. TOP1 and 2, polysaccharides from Taraxacum officinale, attenuate CCl(4)-induced hepatic damage through the modulation of NF-kappaB and its regulatory mediators. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1255-61. [PMID: 20170702 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we estimate the inhibitory effect of two polysaccharides from Taraxacum officinale (TOP) on CCl(4)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in Sprague-Dawley rats. TOP1 and 2 (304, 92 mg/kg bw) were administered for 7 days via a stomach sonde, and hepatitis was induced by a single dose of CCl(4) (50% CCl(4)/olive oil; 0.5 mL/kg bw) administration. CCl(4) significantly elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. Histopathological observation further revealed that CCl(4)-induced moderate levels of inflammatory cell infiltration, centrilobular fatty change, apoptosis, and necrosis. However, TOPs pretreatment markedly decreased AST and ALT activities as well as hepatic lesions. TOPs also increased free radical scavenging activity, as exhibited by a lowered TBARS concentration. TOPs pretreatment also reversed other hepatitis-associated symptoms, including GSH depletion, inhibited anti-oxidative enzyme activities, up-regulation of NF-kappaB and increased expression of its regulatory inflammatory mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-1beta. These results suggest that TOPs have a hepatoprotective effect by modulating inflammatory responses and ameliorating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Mu Park
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Biohealth Products Research Center, Inje University, Obang-dong 607, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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Jung KH, Hong SW, Zheng HM, Lee DH, Hong SS. Melatonin downregulates nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappaB during prevention of oxidative liver injury in a dimethylnitrosamine model. J Pineal Res 2009; 47:173-183. [PMID: 19627459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2009.00698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has potent hepatoprotective effects as an antioxidant. However, the signaling pathway of melatonin in the induction of antioxidant enzymes against acute liver injury is not fully understood. The study aimed to determine whether melatonin could prevent dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver injury through nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inflammation. Liver injury was induced in rats by a single injection of DMN (30 mg/kg, i.p.). Melatonin treatment (50 mg/kg/daily, i.p.) was initiated 24 hr after DMN injection for 14 days, after which the rats were killed and samples were collected. Serum and antioxidant enzyme activities improved in melatonin-treated rats, compared with DMN-induced liver injury group (P < 0.01). Melatonin reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and necrosis in the liver, and increased the expression of NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase-1, heme oxygenase-1, and superoxide dismutase-2, which were decreased by DMN. Melatonin increased expression of novel transcription factor, Nrf2, and decreased expression of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The increased nuclear binding of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in the DMN-induced liver injury group was inhibited by melatonin. Our results show that melatonin increases antioxidant enzymes and Nrf2 expression in parallel with the decrease of inflammatory mediators in DMN-induced liver injury, suggesting that melatonin may play a role of antioxidant defense via the Nrf2 pathway, by reducing inflammation by NF-kappaB inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Don-Haeng Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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Du YP, Peng JS, Sun A, Tang ZH, Ling WH, Zhu HL. Assessment of the effect of betaine on p16 and c-myc DNA methylation and mRNA expression in a chemical induced rat liver cancer model. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:261. [PMID: 19642983 PMCID: PMC2733901 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The development and progression of liver cancer may involve abnormal changes in DNA methylation, which lead to the activation of certain proto-oncogenes, such as c-myc, as well as the inactivation of certain tumor suppressors, such as p16. Betaine, as an active methyl-donor, maintains normal DNA methylation patterns. However, there are few investigations on the protective effect of betaine in hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods Four groups of rats were given diethylinitrosamine (DEN) and fed with AIN-93G diets supplemented with 0, 10, 20 or 40 g betaine/kg (model, 1%, 2%, and 4% betaine, respectively), while the control group, received no DEN, fed with AIN-93G diet. Eight or 15 weeks later, the expression of p16 and c-myc mRNA was examined by Real-time PCR (Q-PCR). The DNA methylation status within the p16 and c-myc promoter was analyzed using methylation-specific PCR. Results Compared with the model group, numbers and areas of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-p)-positive foci were decreased in the livers of the rats treated with betaine (P < 0.05). Although the frequency of p16 promoter methylation in livers of the four DEN-fed groups appeared to increase, there is no difference among these groups after 8 or 15 weeks (P > 0.05). Betaine supplementation attenuated the down-regulation of p16 and inhibited the up-regulation of c-myc induced by DEN in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, increases in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in model, 2% and 4% betaine groups were observed (P < 0.05). Finally, enhanced antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) was observed in both the 2% and 4% betaine groups. Conclusion Our data suggest that betaine attenuates DEN-induced damage in rat liver and reverses DEN-induced changes in mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-ping Du
- School of public health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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Vásquez-Garzón VR, Arellanes-Robledo J, García-Román R, Aparicio-Rautista DI, Villa-Treviño S. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species and pre-neoplastic lesions by quercetin through an antioxidant defense mechanism. Free Radic Res 2009; 43:128-37. [DOI: 10.1080/10715760802626535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica R. Vásquez-Garzón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México D.F., México
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México D.F., México
| | - Rebeca García-Román
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México D.F., México
| | - Diana I. Aparicio-Rautista
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México D.F., México
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México D.F., México
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Kolaviron inhibits dimethyl nitrosamine-induced liver injury by suppressing COX-2 and iNOS expression via NF-κB and AP-1. Life Sci 2009; 84:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 11/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Al-Howiriny T. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Broccoli‘Brassica oleracea’in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1556/hmj.2.2008.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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