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Malek R, Sałat K, Totoson P, Karcz T, Refouvelet B, Skrzypczak-Wiercioch A, Maj M, Simakov A, Martin H, Siwek A, Szałaj N, Godyń J, Panek D, Więckowska A, Jozwiak K, Demougeot C, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Chabchoub F, Iriepa I, Marco-Contelles J, Ismaili L. Discovery of New Highly Potent Histamine H 3 Receptor Antagonists, Calcium Channel Blockers, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3363-3383. [PMID: 39208251 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, one of the most promising strategies to tackle the complex challenges posed by Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves the development of novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs). To this end, we designed and synthesized nine new MTDLs using a straightforward and cost-efficient one-pot Biginelli three-component reaction. Among these newly developed compounds, one particular small molecule, named 3e has emerged as a promising MTDL. This compound effectively targets critical biological factors associated with AD, including the simultaneous inhibition of cholinesterases (ChEs), selective antagonism of H3 receptors, and blocking voltage-gated calcium channels. Additionally, compound 3e exhibited remarkable neuroprotective activity against H2O2 and Aβ1-40, and effectively restored cognitive function in AD mice treated with scopolamine in the novel object recognition task, confirming that this compound could provide a novel and innovative therapeutic approach for the effective treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Malek
- Université de Franche-Comté, INSERM, UMR 1322 LINC, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry: Heterocycles, Lipids and Polymers, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B. P 802, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Perle Totoson
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR 1098 RIGHT, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Bernard Refouvelet
- Université de Franche-Comté, INSERM, UMR 1322 LINC, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Anna Skrzypczak-Wiercioch
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 24/28 Mickiewicz St., Kraków 30-059, Poland
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Alexey Simakov
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR 1098 RIGHT, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Helene Martin
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR 1098 RIGHT, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Natalia Szałaj
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Dawid Panek
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Celine Demougeot
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR 1098 RIGHT, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Fakher Chabchoub
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry: Heterocycles, Lipids and Polymers, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B. P 802, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Isabel Iriepa
- Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28805, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28805, Spain, Grupo DISCOBAC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM)
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
- CIBER, ISCIII, Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Université de Franche-Comté, INSERM, UMR 1322 LINC, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Xia C, Zhou M, Dong X, Zhao Y, Jiang M, Zhu G, Zhang Z. Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits hippocampal neuronal injury caused by mitochondrial oxidative stress in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307735. [PMID: 39106233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBE) have been shown to effectively improve cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). One potential therapeutic strategy for AD is to prevent loss of adult hippocampal neurons. While recent studies have reported that GBE protects against oxidative stress in neurons, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, an AD-like rat model was established via bidirectional injection of amyloid beta 25-35 (Aβ25-35; 20 μg) in the hippocampal CA1 region. Learning and memory abilities of experimental rats were AD assessed in response to oral administration of 7.5 g/L or 15 g/L Ginkgo biloba extract 50 (GBE50) solution and the peroxidation phenomenon of hippocampal mitochondria determined via analysis of mitochondrial H2O2 and several related enzymes. Levels of the oxidative stress-related signaling factor cytochrome C (Cyto C), apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3) and caspase-activated DNase (CAD) were further detected via western blot. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), the major product of DNA oxidative stress, was evaluated to analyze DNA status. Our results showed elevated H2O2 levels and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, and conversely, a decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the hippocampus of AD rats. Administration of GBE50 regulated the activities of these three enzymes and induced a decrease in H2O2. GBE50 exerted regulatory effects on abnormally expressed apoptotic proteins in the AD rat hippocampus, enhancing the expression of Bcl-2, inhibiting release of Cyto C from mitochondria, and suppressing the level of caspase-3 (excluding cleaved caspase-3). Furthermore, GBE50 inhibited DNA damage by lowering the generation of 8-OHdG rather than influencing expression of CAD. The collective findings support a protective role of GBE50 in hippocampal neurons of AD-like animals against mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Xia
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianwen Dong
- Department of Children Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meifang Jiang
- SPH XingLing Sci. & Tech. Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqin Zhu
- SPH XingLing Sci. & Tech. Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xiao L, Tang J, Tan H, Xie Y, Wang S, Xie L, Wu D. Efficacy and safety of ginkgo biloba extract combined with donepezil hydrochloride in the treatment of Chinese patients with vascular dementia: A systematic review meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1374482. [PMID: 39021830 PMCID: PMC11251972 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1374482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of ginkgo biloba extract combined with donepezil hydrochloride vs. donepezil for the treatment of vascular dementia (VaD). Methods: Four English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) and four Chinese databases [the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Wanfang DATA, the Chongqing VIP Database (VIP), China Biomedical Database (CBM)] were manually searched for literature published from dates of the inception of the databases to September 2023. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ginkgo biloba extract with donepezil hydrochloride vs. donepezil for the treatment of VaD were included. Relevant literature was screened, and the data in the included studies were extracted for quality assessment according to the Risk of bias tool. Results: A total of 1,309 participants were enrolled in the 15 RCTs. Of these, 656 participants were in the experimental group (ginkgo biloba extract combined with donepezil) and 653 participants were in the control group (donepezil).The results showed that combination therapy was superior to donepezil alone, and there were statistically significant differences in several outcomes including RR in change for total effective rate (1.28, 95% confidence intervals 1.20, 1.38, p < 0.001), MD in change for Mini-Mental State Examination score (2.98, 95%CI 2.31, 3.65, p < 0.001), Barthel Index score (8.55,95%CI 1.11, 15.99, p = 0.024), Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL)score (10.11,95% CI 7.16,13.07,p < 0.001). Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba extract combined with donepezil dramatically improved the total effective rate, MMSE, BI and ADL scores, and decreased homocysteine (HCY), plasma viscosity (PV), whole blood viscosity at high cut (BVH) and whole blood viscosity at low cut (BVL) in VaD patients, while the effect on mean flow velocity and pulse index (PI) of middle cerebral artery (MCA) is not obvious. However, more relevant high-quality RCTs are needed to validate these results. Systematic Review Registration: Identifier CRD42023474678.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyi Xiao
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Huizhong Tan
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Shiliang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Le Xie
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Dahua Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital), Changsha, China
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Kumar Nelson V, Jha NK, Nuli MV, Gupta S, Kanna S, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Singh AK, Abomughaid MM, Abomughayedh AM, Almutary AG, Iqbal D, Al Othaim A, Begum SS, Ahmad F, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S. Unveiling the impact of aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102224. [PMID: 38346505 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kanna
- Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Departement of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Abomughayedh
- Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Sabarunisha Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Batawi AH. Ginkgo biloba extract mitigates the neurotoxicity of AlCl 3 in alzheimer rat's model: role of apolipoprotein E4 and clusterin genes in stimulating ROS generation and apoptosis. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:34-44. [PMID: 35634646 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2082968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) appears as a result of an increase in the accumulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and a decrease in neurotransmitters (acetylcholine) within the brain cells which may be due to increase in acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and change in expression of Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) and Clusterin (Clu) genes. The aim of the present study was using natural products such as Ginkgo biloba (G. biloba) extract that has the potential to reduce Aβ formation and increase AchE inhibition with its ability to save neuronal DNA from damage. METHODS Sixty male aged rats were divided into six experimental groups exposed to AlCl3 to induce AD model and were treated with G. biloba extract. Collected brain tissues were used to assess the apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, AchE inhibitory activity, expression alteration in ApoE4 and Clu genes, DNA fragmentations and gutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity.Results: The results exhibited that rats exposed to AlCl3 increased significantly rate of apoptosis, ROS formation, DNA fragmentation, up-regulation of ApoE4 and Clu genes as well as decrease of AchE inhibitory activity and GPx activity compared with those in control rats. However, treatment of AlCl3-rats with G. biloba extract improved the above neurotoxicity results induced by AlCl3 exposure. CONCLUSIONS It is therefore likely that G. biloba extract's protective properties against AD are due to its ability to activate the response against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq H Batawi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Akanchise T, Angelov B, Angelova A. Nanomedicine-mediated recovery of antioxidant glutathione peroxidase activity after oxidative-stress cellular damage: Insights for neurological long COVID. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29680. [PMID: 38767144 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Nanomedicine for treating post-viral infectious disease syndrome is at an emerging stage. Despite promising results from preclinical studies on conventional antioxidants, their clinical translation as a therapy for treating post-COVID conditions remains challenging. The limitations are due to their low bioavailability, instability, limited transport to the target tissues, and short half-life, requiring frequent and high doses. Activating the immune system during coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depleted antioxidant reserve, and finally, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. To tackle this problem, we developed an antioxidant nanotherapy based on lipid (vesicular and cubosomal types) nanoparticles (LNPs) co-encapsulating ginkgolide B and quercetin. The antioxidant-loaded nanocarriers were prepared by a self-assembly method via hydration of a lyophilized mixed thin lipid film. We evaluated the LNPs in a new in vitro model for studying neuronal dysfunction caused by oxidative stress in coronavirus infection. We examined the key downstream signaling pathways that are triggered in response to potassium persulfate (KPS) causing oxidative stress-mediated neurotoxicity. Treatment of neuronally-derived cells (SH-SY5Y) with KPS (50 mM) for 30 min markedly increased mitochondrial dysfunction while depleting the levels of both glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). This led to the sequential activation of apoptotic and necrotic cell death processes, which corroborates with the crucial implication of the two proteins (GSH-Px and TH) in the long-COVID syndrome. Nanomedicine-mediated treatment with ginkgolide B-loaded cubosomes and vesicular LNPs showed minimal cytotoxicity and completely attenuated the KPS-induced cell death process, decreasing apoptosis from 32.6% (KPS) to 19.0% (MO-GB), 12.8% (MO-GB-Quer), 14.8% (DMPC-PEG-GB), and 23.6% (DMPC-PEG-GB-Quer) via free radical scavenging and replenished GSH-Px levels. These findings indicated that GB-LNPs-based nanomedicines may protect against KPS-induced apoptosis by regulating intracellular redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Akanchise
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Borislav Angelov
- Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Department of Structural Dynamics, Dolni Brezany, Czech Republic
| | - Angelina Angelova
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Calabrese EJ, Hayes AW, Pressman P, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. Quercetin induces its chemoprotective effects via hormesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114419. [PMID: 38142767 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a polyphenol present in numerous fruits and vegetables and therefore widely consumed by humans with average daily dietary intakes of 10-20 mg/day. It is also a popular dietary supplement of 250-1000 mg/day. However, despite the widespread consumer interest in quercetin, due to its possible chemopreventive properties, the extensively studied quercetin presents a highly diverse and complex array of biological effects. Consequently, the present paper provides the first assessment of quercetin-induced hormetic concentration/dose responses, their quantitative features and mechanistic foundations, and their biological, biomedical, clinical, and public health implications. The findings indicate that quercetin-induced hormetic dose responses are widespread, being independent of biological model, cell type, and endpoint. These findings have the potential to enlighten future experimental studies with quercetin especially with respect to study design parameters and may also affect the appraisal of possible public health benefits and risks associated with highly diverse consumer consumption practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Morrill I-N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Peter Pressman
- University of Maine, 5728 Fernald Hall, Room 201, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD), University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India.
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Berezutsky MA, Durnova NA, Andronova TA. [Ginkgolide B: mechanisms of neurobiological effects, prospects for use in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:22-27. [PMID: 38676673 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412404122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The review presents an analysis of experimental data on the study of neurobiological effects of ginkgolide B, which may find application in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ginkgolide B is a diterpene trilactone isolated from the leaves of the relict woody plant Ginkgo biloba L., which has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine as a neuroprotective agent. In recent years, this compound has attracted attention because of its wide range of neurobiological effects. The neuroprotective effect of ginkgolide B on brain neurons when exposed to various neurotoxins has been established. This compound has also been shown to effectively protect neurons from the effects of beta-amyloid. Studies have revealed the ability of ginkgolide B to reduce microglia activity and regulate neurotransmitter release. In vivo experiments have shown that this substance significantly increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and improves cognitive functions, including memory and learning. It is concluded that ginkgolide B, apparently, may find application in the future as a multi-targeted agent of complex therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Berezutsky
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - N A Durnova
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - T A Andronova
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
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Trabert M, Seifert R. Critical analysis of ginkgo preparations: comparison of approved drugs and dietary supplements marketed in Germany. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:451-461. [PMID: 37470803 PMCID: PMC10771617 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Demographic change is taking place in the population of western industrialized countries, and the population is aging constantly. As a result, the mortality rate of patients due to dementia is rising steadily. To counteract this, the relevance of neuroprotective agents is increasing. Preparations from the medicinal tree species Ginkgo biloba ("gingko") are becoming increasingly popular. In this study, 63 ginkgo preparations marketed in Germany were analyzed. The following data were collected from the package inserts of the preparations: Country of manufacture, approval as a drug, compliance to target values of flavone glycosides, compliance to target values of terpene lactones, compliance to target values of ginkgolic acids, dosage per unit in milligrams (mg), duration of use, interactions with other drugs, contraindications, adverse effects and daily defined dose costs. In the next step, these data were compared in the following form: Total preparations versus preparations with drug approval versus dietary supplements. Almost without exception, the results indicate a pharmaceutical reliability of the preparations with drug approval and a dubious reliability of the preparations marketed as dietary supplements. Thus, ginkgo preparations marketed as dietary supplements appear to have an economic rather than a medical focus. We discuss the evidence of efficacy, and other criteria mentioned above, to evaluate the adequacy of the costs for the statutory health insurance that pay for preparations with drug approval in Germany. From the analysis of our results it is very doubtful that ginkgo biloba extract preparations of the food industry have any health benefit. It must be evaluated whether prohibition of selling ginkgo biloba extract as a dietary supplement is an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Trabert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625, Hanover, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625, Hanover, Germany.
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Monteiro KLC, de Aquino TM, da Silva-Júnior EF. Natural Compounds as Inhibitors of Aβ Peptide and Tau Aggregation. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:1234-1250. [PMID: 38018200 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273273539231114095300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) encompass disorders characterized by the degeneration of neurons in specific circumstances. The quest for novel agents to influence these diseases, particularly AD, has unearthed various natural compounds displaying multifaceted activities and diverse pharmacological mechanisms. Given the ongoing extensive study of pathways associated with the accumulation of neurofibrillary aggregates and amyloid plaques, this paper aims to comprehensively review around 130 studies exploring natural products. These studies focus on inhibiting the formation of amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles, with the objective of potentially alleviating or delaying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadja Luana Chagas Monteiro
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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11
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Yang X, Li D, Zhang M, Feng Y, Jin X, Liu D, Guo Y, Hu Y. Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens via reshaping gut microbiota. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:97. [PMID: 37533076 PMCID: PMC10399048 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is evidenced to be effective in the prevention and alleviation of metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease. However, the role of GBE in alleviating fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in laying hens and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of GBE on relieving FLHS with an emphasis on the modulatory role of GBE in chicken gut microbiota. RESULTS The results showed that GBE treatment ameliorated biochemical blood indicators in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced FLHS laying hen model by decreasing the levels of TG, TC, ALT and ALP. The lipid accumulation and pathological score of liver were also relieved after GBE treatment. Moreover, GBE treatment enhanced the antioxidant activity of liver and serum by increasing GSH, SOD, T-AOC, GSH-PX and reducing MDA, and downregulated the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis (FAS, LXRα, GPAT1, PPARγ and ChREBP1) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, TLR4 and NF-κB) in the liver. Microbial profiling analysis revealed that GBE treatment reshaped the HFD-perturbed gut microbiota, particularly elevated the abundance of Megasphaera in the cecum. Meanwhile, targeted metabolomic analysis of SCFAs revealed that GBE treatment significantly promoted the production of total SCFAs, acetate and propionate, which were positively correlated with the GBE-enriched gut microbiota. Finally, we confirmed that the GBE-altered gut microbiota was sufficient to alleviate FLHS by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). CONCLUSIONS We provided evidence that GBE alleviated FLHS in HFD-induced laying hens through reshaping the composition of gut microbiota. Our findings shed light on mechanism underlying the anti-FLHS efficacy of GBE and lay foundations for future use of GBE as additive to prevent and control FLHS in laying hen industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Depeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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12
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Rarinca V, Nicoara MN, Ureche D, Ciobica A. Exploitation of Quercetin's Antioxidative Properties in Potential Alternative Therapeutic Options for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1418. [PMID: 37507955 PMCID: PMC10376113 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a condition in which there is an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, which can lead to cell and tissue damage. This occurs when there is an overproduction of ROS or when the body's antioxidant defense systems are overwhelmed. Quercetin (Que) is part of a group of compounds called flavonoids. It is found in high concentrations in vegetables, fruits, and other foods. Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of flavonoids to modulate neuronal function and prevent age-related neurodegeneration. Therefore, Que has been shown to have antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties, both in vitro and in vivo. Due to its antioxidant character, Que alleviates oxidative stress, thus improving cognitive function, reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. On the other hand, Que can also help support the body's natural antioxidant defense systems, thus being a potentially practical supplement for managing OS. This review focuses on experimental studies supporting the neuroprotective effects of Que in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Rarinca
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mircea Nicusor Nicoara
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dorel Ureche
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University Vasile Alecsandri of Bacau, Calea Marasesti Street, No 157, 600115 Bacau, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, No 8, Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, No 54, Independence Street, Sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Antioxidants: an approach for restricting oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:717-730. [PMID: 36933175 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, affecting millions of people worldwide. Oxidative stress contributes towards induction of neurodegeneration. It is one of the reasons behind initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Understanding of oxidative balance and restoration of oxidative stress has demonstrated its effectiveness in the management of AD. Various natural and synthetic molecules have been found to be effective in different models of AD. Some clinical studies also support the use of antioxidants for prevention of neurodegeneration in AD. In this review we are summarizing the development of antioxidants to restrict oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration in AD.
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14
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Sun 孙意冉 Y, Yan C, He L, Xiang S, Wang P, Li Z, Chen Y, Zhao J, Yuan Y, Wang W, Zhang X, Su P, Su Y, Ma J, Xu J, Peng Q, Ma H, Xie Z, Zhang Z. Inhibition of ferroptosis through regulating neuronal calcium homeostasis: An emerging therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101899. [PMID: 36871781 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease, generates a serious threat to the health of the elderly. The AD brain is microscopically characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. There are still no effective therapeutic drugs to restrain the progression of AD though much attention has been paid to exploit AD treatments. Ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, has been reported to promote the pathological occurrence and development of AD, and inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis can effectively improve the cognitive impairment of AD. Studies have shown that calcium (Ca2+) dyshomeostasis is closely related to the pathology of AD, and can drive the occurrence of ferroptosis through several pathways, such as interacting with iron, and regulating the crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. This paper mainly reviews the roles of ferroptosis and Ca2+ in the pathology of AD, and highlights that restraining ferroptosis through maintaining the homeostasis of Ca2+ may be an innovative target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Sun 孙意冉
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Chenchen Yan
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Libo He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Shixie Xiang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuanzhao Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wang Wang
- School of basic medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330052, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pan Su
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yunfang Su
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jinlian Ma
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiangyan Xu
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Quekun Peng
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Huifen Ma
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Zhishen Xie
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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15
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Li Q, Alotaibi SH, Wei Y, Lone AM. Preventive Effect of 3,3′‐Dimethoxy‐4,4′‐dihydroxystilbene Triazole against Alzheimer's Disease by Inhibition of Neuronal Apoptosis. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Encephalopathy Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Saad H. Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry Turabah University College Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Encephalopathy Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Ali Mohd Lone
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Govt. Degree College for Women Baramulla Jammu & Kashmir 193101 India
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16
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Wiklund L, Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Zhang Z, Li C, Tian ZR, Buzoianu AD, Lafuente JV, Nozari A, Feng L, Sharma HS. TiO 2-Nanowired Delivery of Chinese Extract of Ginkgo biloba EGb-761 and Bilobalide BN-52021 Enhanced Neuroprotective Effects of Cerebrolysin Following Spinal Cord Injury at Cold Environment. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:353-384. [PMID: 37480466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel during combat or peacekeeping operations are exposed to extreme climates of hot or cold environments for longer durations. Spinal cord injury is quite common in military personnel following central nervous system (CNS) trauma indicating a possibility of altered pathophysiological responses at different ambient temperatures. Our previous studies show that the pathophysiology of brain injury is exacerbated in animals acclimated to cold (5 °C) or hot (30 °C) environments. In these diverse ambient temperature zones, trauma exacerbated oxidative stress generation inducing greater blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cell damage. Extracts of Ginkgo biloba EGb-761 and BN-52021 treatment reduces brain pathology following heat stress. This effect is further improved following TiO2 nanowired delivery in heat stress in animal models. Several studies indicate the role of EGb-761 in attenuating spinal cord induced neuronal damages and improved functional deficit. This is quite likely that these effects are further improved following nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with cerebrolysin-a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and peptide fragments in spinal cord trauma. In this review, TiO2 nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with nanowired cerebrolysin is examined in a rat model of spinal cord injury at cold environment. Our results show that spinal cord injury aggravates cord pathology in cold-acclimated rats and nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with cerebrolysin significantly induced superior neuroprotection, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wiklund
- Department of Surgical Sciences, International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- Department of Surgical Sciences, International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Yuexiu District, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Yuexiu District, China
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- Department of Surgical Sciences, International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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17
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Collins AE, Saleh TM, Kalisch BE. VANL-100 Attenuates Beta-Amyloid-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010442. [PMID: 36613883 PMCID: PMC9820495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are being explored as novel therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) through strategies such as chemically linking antioxidants to synthesize novel co-drugs. The main objective of this study was to assess the cytoprotective effects of the novel antioxidant compound VANL-100 in a cellular model of beta-amyloid (Aβ)-induced toxicity. The cytotoxic effects of Aβ in the presence and absence of all antioxidant compounds were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2-5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in SH-SY5Y cells in both pre-treatment and co-treatment experiments. In pre-treatment experiments, VANL-100, or one of its parent compounds, naringenin (NAR), alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), or naringenin + alpha-lipoic acid (NAR + ALA), was administrated 24 h prior to an additional 24-h incubation with 20 μM non-fibril or fibril Aβ25-35. Co-treatment experiments consisted of simultaneous treatment with Aβ and antioxidants. Pre-treatment and co-treatment with VANL-100 significantly attenuated Aβ-induced cell death. There were no significant differences between the protective effects of VANL-100, NAR, ALA, and NAR + ALA with either form of Aβ, or in the effect of VANL-100 between 24-h pre-treatment and co-treatment. These results demonstrate that the novel co-drug VANL-100 is capable of eliciting cytoprotective effects against Aβ-induced toxicity.
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18
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Current Progress on Neuroprotection Induced by Artemisia, Ginseng, Astragalus, and Ginkgo Traditional Chinese Medicines for the Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3777021. [PMID: 35746960 PMCID: PMC9213169 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3777021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the occurrence of diverse degenerative changes in various tissues and organs and with an increased incidence of neurological disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, the search for effective components derived from medicinal plants in delaying aging and preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases has been increasing and the number of related publications shows a rising trend. Here, we present a concise, updated review on the preclinical and clinical research progress in the assessment of the therapeutic potential of different traditional Chinese medicines and derived active ingredients and their effect on the signaling pathways involved in AD neuroprotection. Recognized by their multitargeting ability, these natural compounds hold great potential in developing novel drugs for AD.
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19
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Barbalho SM, Direito R, Laurindo LF, Marton LT, Guiguer EL, Goulart RDA, Tofano RJ, Carvalho ACA, Flato UAP, Capelluppi Tofano VA, Detregiachi CRP, Bueno PCS, Girio RSJ, Araújo AC. Ginkgo biloba in the Aging Process: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:525. [PMID: 35326176 PMCID: PMC8944638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, insulin resistance, cancer, and other degenerative processes commonly appear with aging. Ginkgo biloba (GB) is associated with several health benefits, including memory and cognitive improvement, in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and cancer. Its antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions have effects on cognition and other conditions associated with aging-related processes, such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and cardiovascular conditions. The aim of this study was to perform a narrative review of the effects of GB in some age-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, CVD, and cancer. PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched, and the PRISMA guidelines were applied. Fourteen clinical trials were selected; the studies showed that GB can improve memory, cognition, memory scores, psychopathology, and the quality of life of patients. Moreover, it can improve cerebral blood flow supply, executive function, attention/concentration, non-verbal memory, and mood, and decrease stress, fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin levels, body mass index, waist circumference, biomarkers of oxidative stress, the stability and progression of atherosclerotic plaques, and inflammation. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the use of GB can provide benefits in the prevention and treatment of aging-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosa Direito
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Ledyane Taynara Marton
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Antonely C. A. Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Uri Adrian Prync Flato
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Viviane Alessandra Capelluppi Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Patrícia C. Santos Bueno
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Raul S. J. Girio
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
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Can We Use Ginkgo biloba Extract to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease? Lessons from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030479. [PMID: 35159288 PMCID: PMC8833923 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has been widely used to treat central nervous system and cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence has revealed the therapeutic potential of GBE against AD; however, no systematic evaluation has been performed; (2) Methods: a total of 17 preclinical studies and 20 clinical trials assessing the therapeutic effects of GBE against AD were identified from electronic databases. The data in the reports were extracted to conduct a meta-analysis of the AD-related pathological features or symptoms; (3) Results: For the preclinical reports, 45 animals treated with GBE, in six studies, were subjected to cognitive function assessments by the Morris water maze. GBE was shown to reduce the escape latencies in several studies, in both rats and mice (I2 > 70%, p < 0.005). For the clinical trials, eight trials, including 2100 individuals, were conducted. The results show that GBE improved the SKT and ADAS-Cog scores in early-stage AD patients after high doses and long-term administration; (4) Conclusions: GBE displayed generally consistent anti-AD effects in animal experiments, and it might improve AD symptoms in early-stage AD patients after high doses and long-term administration. A lack of sample size calculations and the poor quality of the methods are two obvious limitations of the studies. Nevertheless, the preclinical and clinical data suggest that further large-scale clinical trials may be needed in order to examine the effects of long-term GEB administration on early-stage AD.
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Vernuccio L, Catanese G, Inzerillo F, Salemi G, Barbagallo M. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114080. [PMID: 34836334 PMCID: PMC8624903 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The main independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia is advanced age followed by other determinants such as genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, including nutrition and physical activity. In the next decades, a rise in dementia cases is expected due largely to the aging of the world population. There are no hitherto effective pharmaceutical therapies to treat age-associated cognitive impairment and dementia, which underscores the crucial role of prevention. A relationship among diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors with cognitive function has been intensively studied with mounting evidence supporting the role of these determinants in the development of cognitive decline and dementia, which is a chief cause of disability globally. Several dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients have been investigated in this regard, with some encouraging and other disappointing results. This review presents the current evidence for the effects of dietary patterns, dietary components, some supplements, physical activity, sleep patterns, and social engagement on the prevention or delay of the onset of age-related cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J. Dominguez
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; +39-0916554828
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Vernuccio
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Giuseppina Catanese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Flora Inzerillo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Salemi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
- UOC of Neurology, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
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Nowak A, Kojder K, Zielonka-Brzezicka J, Wróbel J, Bosiacki M, Fabiańska M, Wróbel M, Sołek-Pastuszka J, Klimowicz A. The Use of Ginkgo Biloba L. as a Neuroprotective Agent in the Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:775034. [PMID: 34803717 PMCID: PMC8599153 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease, is one of the most common causes of dementia if elderly people worldwide. Alzheimer's disease leads to the alienation of individuals and their exclusion from social and professional life. It is characterized mainly by the degradation of memory and disorientation, which occurs as a result of the loss of neuronal structure and function in different brain areas. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to use in the treatment of natural bioactive compounds that will be effective in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. G. biloba L. and its most frequently used standardized extract (EGb 761), have been used for many years in supportive therapy and in the prevention of cognitive disorders. The paper presents an overview of reports on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, as well as a summary of the properties of G. biloba extract and its effects on the possible pathogenesis of the disease. By exploring more about the pathogenesis of the disease and the benefits of G. biloba extract for patients with Alzheimer's disease, it will be possible to create an individualized therapeutic protocol to optimize the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nowak
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Zielonka-Brzezicka
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Wróbel
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Fabiańska
- Institute of Philosophy and Cognitive Science, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariola Wróbel
- Department of Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Sołek-Pastuszka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adam Klimowicz
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Chalorak P, Sornkaew N, Manohong P, Niamnont N, Malaiwong N, Limboonreung T, Sobhon P, Aschner M, Meemon K. Diterpene glycosides from Holothuria scabra exert the α-synuclein degradation and neuroprotection against α-synuclein-Mediated neurodegeneration in C. elegans model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114347. [PMID: 34147616 PMCID: PMC8381228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra Jaeger (H. scabra), sea cucumber, is the marine organism that has been used as traditional food and medicine to gain the health benefits since ancient time. Although our recent studies have shown that crude extracts from H. scabra exhibited neuroprotective effects against Parkinson's disease (PD), the underlying mechanisms and bioactive compounds are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we examined the efficacy of purified compounds from H. scabra and their underlying mechanism on α-synuclein degradation and neuroprotection against α-synuclein-mediated neurodegeneration in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans PD model. MATERIAL AND METHODS The H. scabra compounds (HSEA-P1 and P2) were purified and examined for their toxicity and optimal dose-range by food-clearance and lifespan assays. The α-synuclein degradation and neuroprotection against α-synuclein-mediated neurodegeneration were determined using transgenic C. elegans model, Punc-54::α-syn and Pdat-1:: α-syn; Pdat-1::GFP, respectively, and then further investigated by determining the behavioral assays including locomotion rate, basal slowing rate, ethanol avoidance, and area-restricted searching. The underlying mechanisms related to autophagy were clarified by quantitative PCR and RNAi experiments. RESULTS Our results showed that HSEA-P1 and HSEA-P2 significantly diminished α-synuclein accumulation, improved motility deficits, and recovered the shortened lifespan. Moreover, HSEA-P1 and HSEA-P2 significantly protected dopaminergic neurons from α-synuclein toxicity and alleviated dopamine-associated behavioral deficits, i.e., basal slowing, ethanol avoidance, and area-restricted searching. HSEA-P1 and HSEA-P2 also up-regulated autophagy-related genes, including beclin-1/bec-1, lc-3/lgg-1, and atg-7/atg-7. RNA interference (RNAi) of these genes in transgenic α-synuclein worms confirmed that lc-3/lgg-1 and atg-7/atg-7 were required for α-synuclein degradation and DAergic neuroprotection activities of HSEA-P1 and HSEA-P2. NMR and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the HSEA-P1 and HSEA-P2 contained diterpene glycosides. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that diterpene glycosides extracted from H. scabra decreases α-synuclein accumulation and protects α-synuclein-mediated DAergic neuronal loss and its toxicities via lgg-1 and atg-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawanrat Chalorak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Nilubon Sornkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Mod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
| | - Preeyanuch Manohong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Mod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
| | - Nakorn Niamnont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Mod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
| | - Nawaphat Malaiwong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Tanapol Limboonreung
- Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Sirin S, Aslim B. Protective effect of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria against amyloid beta1-42induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells: Involvement of the AKT, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathway. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Luo Y, Zhou S, Haeiwa H, Takeda R, Okazaki K, Sekita M, Yamamoto T, Yamano M, Sakamoto K. Role of amber extract in protecting SHSY5Y cells against amyloid β1-42-induced neurotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111804. [PMID: 34175817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disease. Amyloid β plays a critical role in AD development. Some Chinese traditional medicines, such as the fossilized plant resin, amber, have been applied as mental stabilizers. However, the effects of amber on AD pathogenesis remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the potential of amber extract for treating AD by evaluating its effects on amyloid-β (1-42) (Aβ (1-42))-induced neuronal cell death. We measured levels of ROS, Bcl-2, and Bax mRNA, and found that amber extract decreased Aβ (1-42)-induced cell apoptosis via the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Amber extract also decreased β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and increased microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3II) and Beclin 1. These findings suggested that amber extract protects neuronal cells against Aβ (1-42)-induced cell apoptosis by upregulating autophagy and downregulating BACE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Luo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Haruna Haeiwa
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Reiko Takeda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okazaki
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Marie Sekita
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mikio Yamano
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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Islam MS, Quispe C, Hossain R, Islam MT, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Martorell M, Mamurova A, Seilkhan A, Altybaeva N, Abdullayeva B, Docea AO, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Neuropharmacological Effects of Quercetin: A Literature-Based Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:665031. [PMID: 34220504 PMCID: PMC8248808 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.665031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QUR) is a natural bioactive flavonoid that has been lately very studied for its beneficial properties in many pathologies. Its neuroprotective effects have been demonstrated in many in vitro studies, as well as in vivo animal experiments and human trials. QUR protects the organism against neurotoxic chemicals and also can prevent the evolution and development of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration. The present work aimed to summarize the literature about the neuroprotective effect of QUR using known database sources. Besides, this review focuses on the assessment of the potential utilization of QUR as a complementary or alternative medicine for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. An up-to-date search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar for published work dealing with the neuroprotective effects of QUR against neurotoxic chemicals or in neuronal injury, and in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Findings suggest that QUR possess neuropharmacological protective effects in neurodegenerative brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Amyloid β peptide, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In summary, this review emphasizes the neuroprotective effects of QUR and its advantages in being used in complementary medicine for the prevention and treatment o of different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahazul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Rajib Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Assem Mamurova
- Department of Biodiversity of Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Seilkhan
- Educational program, Geography, Environment and Service sector, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Biomedical Research Centre, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nazgul Altybaeva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bagila Abdullayeva
- Department of Biodiversity of Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dhage PA, Sharbidre AA, Dakua SP, Balakrishnan S. Leveraging hallmark Alzheimer's molecular targets using phytoconstituents: Current perspective and emerging trends. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111634. [PMID: 33965726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a type of dementia, severely distresses different brain regions. Characterized by various neuropathologies, it interferes with cognitive functions and neuropsychiatrical controls. This progressive deterioration has negative impacts not only on an individual's daily activity but also on social and occupational life. The pharmacological approach has always remained in the limelight for the treatment of AD. However, this approach is condemned with several side effects. Henceforth, a change in treatment approach has become crucial. Plant-based natural products are garnering special attention due to lesser side effects associated with their use. The current review emphasizes the anti-AD properties of phytoconstituents, throws light on those under clinical trials, and compiles information on their specific mode of actions against AD-related different neuropathologies. The phytoconstituents alone or in combinations will surely help discover new potent drugs for the effective treatment of AD with lesser side effects than the currently available pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta A Dhage
- Department of Zoology, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College (KTHM College), Nashik 422002, MS, India
| | - Archana A Sharbidre
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MS, India.
| | - Sarada P Dakua
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), 3050 Doha, Qatar
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Wang J, Zhuang L, Ding Y, Wang Z, Xiao W, Zhu J. A RNA-seq approach for exploring the protective effect of ginkgolide B on glutamate-induced astrocytes injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113807. [PMID: 33450290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE There is substantial experimental evidence to support the view that Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine known to treating stroke, has a protective effect on the central nervous system and significantly improves the cognitive dysfunction caused by disease, including alzheimer disease (AD), vascular dementia, and diabetic encephalopathy. Although a number of studies have reported that ginkgolide B (GB), a diterpenoid lactone compound extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves, has neuroprotective effects, very little research has been performed to explore its potential pharmacological mechanism on astrocytes under abnormal glutamate (Glu) metabolism in the pathological environment of AD. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the protective effect and mechanism of GB on Glu-induced astrocytes injury. METHODS Astrocytes were randomly divided into the control group, Glu group, GB group, and GB + IWP-4 group.The CCK-8 assay was used to determine relative cell viability in vitro. Furthermore, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to assess the preventive effects of GB in the Glu-induced astrocyte model and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to validate the possible molecular mechanisms. The effects of GB on the Glu transporter and Glu-induced apoptosis of astrocytes were studied by RT-qPCR and western blot. RESULTS GB attenuated Glu-induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, while the Wnt inhibitor IWP-4 reversed the protective effect of GB on astrocytes. The RNA-seq results revealed 4,032 differential gene expression profiles; 3,491 genes were up-regulated, and 543 genes were down-regulated in the GB group compared with the Glu group. Differentially expressed genes involved in a variety of signaling pathways, including the Hippo and Wnt pathways have been associated with the development and progression of AD. RT-qPCR was used to validate 14 key genes, and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq data. IWP-4 inhibited the regulation of GB, disturbed the apoptosis protective effect on astrocytes, and promoted Glu transporter gene and protein expression caused by Glu. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that GB may play a protective role in Glu-induced astrocyte injury by regulating the Hippo and Wnt pathways. GB was closely associated with the Wnt pathway by promoting expression of the Glu transporter and inhibiting Glu-induced injury in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, PR China; Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 16034, PR China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, PR China
| | - Linwu Zhuang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, PR China; Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 16034, PR China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, PR China; Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 16034, PR China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, PR China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, PR China
| | - Jingbo Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, PR China; Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 16034, PR China.
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29
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Tomino C, Ilari S, Solfrizzi V, Malafoglia V, Zilio G, Russo P, Proietti S, Marcolongo F, Scapagnini G, Muscoli C, Rossini PM. Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: The Role of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761 ®). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040305. [PMID: 33915701 PMCID: PMC8065464 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia are clinically prevalent in the elderly. There is a high risk of cognitive decline in patients diagnosed with MCI or dementia. This review describes the effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba leaf special extract EGb 761® for the treatment of dementia syndromes and EGb 761® combination therapy with other medications for symptomatic dementia. This drug has shown convincing results, improving cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms and consequent reduction of caregiver stress and maintenance of autonomy in patients with age-related cognitive decline, MCI and mild to moderate dementia. Currently, there is little evidence to support the combination therapy with anti-dementia drugs and, therefore, more evidence is needed to evaluate the role of EGb 761® in mixed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Tomino
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Ilari
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.I.); (C.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Clinica Medica “Frugoni” and Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70122 Bari, Italy;
| | - Valentina Malafoglia
- Institute for Research on Pain, ISAL Foundation, Torre Pedrera, 47922 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Guglielmo Zilio
- Scientific Department, Schwabe Pharma Italia S.r.l., 39044 Egna, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Russo
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or
| | - Stefania Proietti
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Federica Marcolongo
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.I.); (C.M.)
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Department of Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Rome, Italy;
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Soheili M, Karimian M, Hamidi G, Salami M. Alzheimer's disease treatment: The share of herbal medicines. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:123-135. [PMID: 33953850 PMCID: PMC8061323 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.50536.11512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequent forms of dementia in neurological disorders is Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by impaired learning and memory. Pathological symptoms as extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles occur in AD. Due to the aging of the population and increased prevalence of AD, discovery of new therapeutic agents with the highest effectiveness and fewer side effect seems to be necessary. Numerous synthetic medicines such as tacrine, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, glutathione, ascorbic acid, ubiquinone, ibuprofen, and ladostigil are routinely used for reduction of the symptoms and prevention of disease progression. Nowadays, herbal medicines have attracted popular attention for numerous beneficial effects with little side effects. Lavandula angustifolia, Ginkgo biloba, Melissa officinalis, Crocus sativus, Ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Magnolia officinalis have been widely used for relief of symptoms of some neurological disorders. This paper reviews the therapeutic effects of phytomedicines with prominent effects against various factors implicated in the emergence and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Soheili
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Gholamali Hamidi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Salami
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Pohl F, Goua M, Yates K, Bermano G, Russell WR, Maciel P, Kong Thoo Lin P. Impact of rapeseed pomace extract on markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in human SH-SY5Y cells. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13592. [PMID: 33349958 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With increased longevity and subsequent rise in people with age-related neurodegenerative diseases, protection of neurons from oxidative stress damage has become an important field of study. For the first time, we highlight the neuroprotective properties of rapeseed pomace (RSP) extract in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. We used resazurin to determine cell metabolism, 2,7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H2 DCFDA) to assess the potential of RSP extracts to shield cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2 O2 using flow cytometry, HPLC to analyze for malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker and the COMET assay to assess DNA strand breakage. Protein stress arrays were used to investigate the cellular pathways affected by RSP extract. No effect on cell metabolism in SH-SY5Y cells was observed after RSP extract treatment (up to 1.5 mg/ml). Pretreatment (24 hr) with RSP extract (1 mg/ml), before H2 O2 -induced stress, alleviated ROS production and DNA strand breakage by 68%, and 38%, respectively. At protein level, the RSP extract increased the levels of FABP-1, HIF-1α, SOD2, and Cytochrome c proteins. Under H2 O2 -induced stress, however, it helped to downregulate p38α levels, a protein kinase which is receptive to stress impulse (mitogen-activated). RSP extract shows very promising cell protective properties in relation to oxidative stress. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Oxidative stress has been associated with numerous diseases for example cancer, diabetes, and many neurological disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Hence, there is acceptance among the scientific community of antioxidant therapy and the quest for effective, low cost and readily available sources of natural antioxidants is paramount. Rapeseed plantations are abundant around the world due to the use of rapeseed oil in cooking and as a biofuel. The resulting rapeseed pomace (by-product), specifically its extract, contains high levels of phytochemicals that protect cells against oxidative stress. Therefore, RSP extract can potentially be used/developed as functional food and nutraceuticals in the prevention of many complex neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Pohl
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Marie Goua
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kyari Yates
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Giovanna Bermano
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wendy R Russell
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Patrícia Maciel
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paul Kong Thoo Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
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32
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Ashrafian H, Zadeh EH, Khan RH. Review on Alzheimer's disease: Inhibition of amyloid beta and tau tangle formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:382-394. [PMID: 33278431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is reported that approximately 40 million people are suffering from dementia, globally. Dementia is a group of symptoms that affect neurons and cause some mental disorders, such as losing memory. Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is known as the most common cause of dementia, is one of the top medical care concerns across the world. Although the exact sources of the disease are not understood, is it believed that aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) outside of neuron cells and tau aggregation or neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation inside the cell may play crucial roles. In this paper, we are going to review studies that targeted inhibition of amyloid plaque and tau protein tangle formation, to suppress or postpone AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ashrafian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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33
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Sirin S, Aslim B. Characterization of lactic acid bacteria derived exopolysaccharides for use as a defined neuroprotective agent against amyloid beta 1-42-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8124. [PMID: 32415207 PMCID: PMC7229009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disease characterized by cerebral neuronal degeneration and loss in a progressive manner. Amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain is toxic to neurons, being a main risk factor for initiation and continuation of cognitive deterioration in AD. Neurotoxicity of Aβ origin is also linked to oxidative stress characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, changes in antioxidant systems, and cerebral DNA damage in AD. Furthermore, Aβ can induce oxidative neuronal cell death by a mitochondrial dysfunction. Cellular injury caused by oxidative stress can be possibly prevented by boosting or promoting bodily oxidative defense system by supplying antioxidants in diet or as medications. However, most synthetic antioxidants are found to have cytotoxicity, which prevents their safe use, and limits their administration. For this reason, more attention has been paid to the natural non-toxic antioxidants. One of the most promising groups of non-toxic antioxidative compounds is thought to be polysaccharides. This study investigated the characterization and protective action exerted by exopolysaccharides (EPSs) originated from Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus B3 and Lactobacillus plantarum GD2 to protect from apoptotic activity exerted by Aβ1-42 among SH-SY5Y cells. We characterized EPSs by elemental analysis, FTIR, AFM, SEM, and XRD. The antioxidant effects of EPSs were determined by the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, metal ion chelating activity, lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, and superoxide anion scavenging activity method. The protective effects of EPSs were determined by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Mannose ratio, molecular weight, functional groups, surface morphology, and amorphous character structure of EPSs are thought to play a role in the protective effect of EPSs. EPSs reduced apoptotic activity of Aβ1-42 in addition to their depolarizing effect on mitochondrial membrane potential in concentration-dependent manner. These observations contribute the inclusion of EPSs among the therapeutic options used to manage various neurological disorders in the traditional medicine in a scientific manner, indicating that EPSs may be promising natural chemical constituents that need advanced research and development for pharmacological therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Sirin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Belma Aslim
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Liu H, Ye M, Guo H. An Updated Review of Randomized Clinical Trials Testing the Improvement of Cognitive Function of Ginkgo biloba Extract in Healthy People and Alzheimer's Patients. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1688. [PMID: 32153388 PMCID: PMC7047126 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, mainly manifested by cognitive dysfunction. It seriously reduces the quality of life, and there is no ideal treatment strategy in clinical practice. Clinical studies on the treatment of AD with Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract (EGb) have been reported since 1980s, and many clinical studies have been carried out during the following 30 years. However, the benefits of EGb on the treatment of AD are still controversial. In this review, we collected the clinical trial reports of EGb on cognitive function from Pubmed, Elsevier, Europe PMC, and other database since the 1980s. Through analysis and comparison, we consider that EGb may be able to improve the cognitive function in patients who suffered from mild dementia during long-term administration (more than 24 weeks) and appropriate dosage (240 mg per day). The main evidences and existing problems of the negative and positive experimental results were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhu Guo
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Goschorska M, Gutowska I, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Barczak K, Chlubek D. The Use of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Migraine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E116. [PMID: 32012936 PMCID: PMC7070237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies concerning the pathophysiology of migraine, the exact molecular mechanism of disturbances underlying migraine is still unknown. Furthermore, oxidative stress is considered to play a significant role in migraine pathogenesis. The notion of oxidative stress in migraine patients has been discussed for several decades. Over the past few years, among the substances that could potentially be used for migraine treatment, particular attention has been paid to the so-called nutraceutics, including antioxidants. Antioxidants supplied with food prevent oxidative stress by inhibiting initiation, propagation, and the oxidative chain reaction itself. Additionally, the agents used so far in the prevention of migraine indeed show some anti-oxidative action. The antioxidants discussed in the present paper are increasingly more often used by migraine patients not only due to mild or even a lack of side effects but also because of their effectiveness (decreased frequency of migraine episodes or shortening of an episode duration). The present review provides a summary of the studies on nutraceuticals with antioxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (I.B.-B.); (D.C.)
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (I.B.-B.); (D.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (I.B.-B.); (D.C.)
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Sharma A, Kumar Y. Nature's Derivative(s) as Alternative Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Treatments. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2019; 3:279-297. [PMID: 31867567 PMCID: PMC6918879 DOI: 10.3233/adr-190137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the 'Plague of Twenty-First Century,' is a crippling neurodegenerative disease that affects a majority of the older population globally. By 2050, the incidence of AD is expected to rise to 135 million, while no treatment(s) that can reverse or control the progression of AD are currently available. The treatment(s) in use are limited in their ability to manage the symptoms or slow the progression of the disease and can lead to some severe side effects. The overall care is economically burdensome for the affected individuals as well as the caretakers or family members. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify and develop much safer alternative therapies that can better manage AD. This review discusses a multitude of such treatments borrowed from Ayurveda, traditional Chinese practices, meditation, and exercising for AD treatment. These therapies are in practice since ancient times and reported to be beneficial as anti-AD therapies. Ayurvedic drugs like turmeric, Brahmi, Ashwagandha, etc., management of stress by meditation, regular exercising, and acupuncture have been reported to be efficient in their anti-AD usage. Besides, a combination of vitamins and natural dietary intakes is likely to play a significant role in combating AD. We conclude that the use of such alternative strategies will be a stepping-stone in preventing, treating, curing, or managing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering (BSE), Netaji Subhas University of Technology (NSUT), Formerly Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (NSIT), Azad Hind Fauz Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Yatender Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering (BSE), Netaji Subhas University of Technology (NSUT), Formerly Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (NSIT), Azad Hind Fauz Marg, New Delhi, India
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37
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Ren C, Ji YQ, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang JH, Zhang CY, Guan LN, Yin PY. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on neural differentiation of stem cells offer new hope for neurological disease treatment. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1152-1157. [PMID: 30804240 PMCID: PMC6425836 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.251191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has brought new hope for the treatment of neurological diseases. The key to stem cell therapy lies in inducing the specific differentiation of stem cells into nerve cells. Because the differentiation of stem cells in vitro and in vivo is affected by multiple factors, the final differentiation outcome is strongly associated with the microenvironment in which the stem cells are located. Accordingly, the optimal microenvironment for inducing stem cell differentiation is a hot topic. EGb761 is extracted from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. It is used worldwide and is becoming one of the focuses of stem cell research. Studies have shown that EGb761 can antagonize oxygen free radicals, stabilize cell membranes, promote neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, increase the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factors, and replicate the environment required during the differentiation of stem cells into nerve cells. This offers the possibility of using EGb761 to induce the differentiation of stem cells, facilitating stem cell transplantation. To provide a comprehensive reference for the future application of EGb761 in stem cell therapy, we reviewed studies investigating the influence of EGb761 on stem cells. These started with the composition and neuropharmacology of EGb761, and eventually led to the finding that EGb761 and some of its important components play important roles in the differentiation of stem cells and the protection of a beneficial microenvironment for stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cai-Yi Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Na Guan
- Department of Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Yin
- Department of Blood Supply, Yantai Center Blood Station, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
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38
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Singh SK, Srivastav S, Castellani RJ, Plascencia-Villa G, Perry G. Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extract Against AD and Other Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:666-674. [PMID: 31376068 PMCID: PMC6694352 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive human neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly population worldwide. Hence, prevention of AD has been a priority of AD research worldwide. Based on understanding of disease mechanism, different therapeutic strategies involving synthetic and herbal approaches are being used against AD. Among the herbal extract, Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is one of the most investigated herbal remedy for cognitive disorders and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba is a popular dietary supplement taken by the elderly population to improve memory and age-related loss of cognitive function. Nevertheless, its efficacy in the prevention and treatment of dementia remains controversial. Specifically, the added effects of GBE in subjects already receiving "conventional" anti-dementia treatments have been to date very scarcely investigated. This review summarizes recent advancements in our understanding of the potential use of Ginkgo biloba extract in the prevention of AD including its antioxidant property. A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of GBE against AD will be important for designing therapeutic strategies, for basic understanding of the underlying neurodegenerative processes, and for a better understanding of the effectiveness and complexity of this herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow, 226002, India.
| | - Saurabh Srivastav
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Sharman MJ, Verdile G, Kirubakaran S, Parenti C, Singh A, Watt G, Karl T, Chang D, Li CG, Münch G. Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on Natural Products and Phytomedicines. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:457-480. [PMID: 30900203 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have revealed key neuropathological features, such as the deposition of aggregates of insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). These pathological protein deposits, including Aβ peptides (which form senile plaques) and hyperphosphorylated tau (which aggregates into NFTs), have been assumed to be 'the cause of AD'. Aβ has been extensively targeted to develop an effective disease-modifying therapy, but with limited clinical success. Emerging therapies are also now targeting further pathological processes in AD, including neuroinflammation. This review focuses on the inflammatory and oxidative stress-related changes that occur in AD, and discusses some emerging anti-inflammatory natural products and phytomedicines. Many of the promising compounds are cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs), which target the proinflammatory AP1 and nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways and inhibit the expression of many proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, or nitric oxide produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase. However, many of these phytomedicines have not been tested in rigorous clinical trials in AD patients. It is not yet clear if the active compounds reach an effective concentration in the brain (due to limited bioavailability) or if they can slow down AD progression in long-term trials. The authors suggest that it is crucial for both the pharmacological and complementary medicine industries to conduct and fund those studies to significantly advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Sharman
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1322, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Shanmugam Kirubakaran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Cristina Parenti
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Ahilya Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Georgina Watt
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.,School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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40
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Müller WE, Eckert A, Eckert GP, Fink H, Friedland K, Gauthier S, Hoerr R, Ihl R, Kasper S, Möller HJ. Therapeutic efficacy of the Ginkgo special extract EGb761 ® within the framework of the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:173-189. [PMID: 28460580 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1308552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of dementia assumes mitochondrial dysfunction as an important common pathomechanism for the whole spectrum of age-associated memory disorders from cognitive symptoms in the elderly over mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's dementia. Thus, a drug such as the Ginkgo special extract EGb 761® which improves mitochondrial function should be able to ameliorate cognitive deficits over the whole aging spectrum. METHODS We review the most relevant publications about effects of EGb 761® on cognition and synaptic deficits in preclinical studies as well as on cognitive deficits in man from aging to dementia. RESULTS EGb 761® improves mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment over the whole spectrum of age-associated cognitive disorders in relevant animal models and in vitro experiments, and also shows clinical efficacy in improving cognition over the whole range from aging to Alzheimer's or even vascular dementia. CONCLUSIONS EGb 761® shows clinical efficacy in the treatment of cognitive deficits over the whole spectrum of age-associated memory disorders. Thus, EGb 761® can serve as an important pharmacological argument for the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter E Müller
- a Department of Pharmacology , Biocenter, Goethe-University , Frankfurt/M , Germany
| | - Anne Eckert
- b Neurobiological laboratory, Department of Psychiatry , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- c Department of Nutritional Sciences , Justus-Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | - Heidrun Fink
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Free University , Berlin , Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- e Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy , University Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Serge Gauthier
- f McGill Center for Studies in Aging , Montreal , Canada
| | - Robert Hoerr
- g Dr.Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Ralf Ihl
- h Alexianer Hospital, Clinic of Geriatric Psychiatry , Krefeld , Germany
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- i Department of Psychiatry , Medical University , Vienna , Austria
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- j Department of Psychiatry , Ludwig-Maximilian University , Munich , Germany
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Dgachi Y, Martin H, Malek R, Jun D, Janockova J, Sepsova V, Soukup O, Iriepa I, Moraleda I, Maalej E, Carreiras MC, Refouvelet B, Chabchoub F, Marco-Contelles J, Ismaili L. Synthesis and biological assessment of KojoTacrines as new agents for Alzheimer's disease therapy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:163-170. [PMID: 30482062 PMCID: PMC6263107 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1538136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the multifactorial nature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), multitarget small molecules (MTSM) represent the most potent and attractive therapeutic strategy to design new drugs for Alzheimer’s disease therapy. The new MTSM KojoTacrines (KTs) were designed and synthesized by juxtaposition of selected pharmacophoric motifs from kojic acid and tacrine. Among them, 11-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-12-(3-methoxyphenyl)-7,9,10,12-tetrahydropyrano [2',3':5,6] pyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-4(8H)-one (KT2d) was identified as less-hepatotoxic than tacrine, at higher concentration, a moderate, but selective human acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (IC50 = 4.52 ± 0.24 µM), as well as an antioxidant agent (TE = 4.79) showing significant neuroprotection against Aβ1–40 at 3 µM and 10 µM concentrations. Consequently, KT2d is a potential new hit-ligand for AD therapy for further biological exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Dgachi
- a Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Heterocycles, Lipids and Polymers, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia.,b Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481 , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - Hélène Martin
- c Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - Rim Malek
- b Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481 , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - Daniel Jun
- d Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , University of Defence , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janockova
- e Biomedical Research Center , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Sepsova
- d Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , University of Defence , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- e Biomedical Research Center , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Iriepa
- f Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry , University of Alcalá , Alcalá de Henares , Spain
| | - Ignacio Moraleda
- f Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry , University of Alcalá , Alcalá de Henares , Spain
| | - Emna Maalej
- g Laboratoire Matériaux, Traitement et Analyse (LMTA) , Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique Technopole , Ariana-Tunis , Tunisia
| | - M Carmo Carreiras
- h Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Bernard Refouvelet
- b Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481 , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - Fakher Chabchoub
- a Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Heterocycles, Lipids and Polymers, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | | | - Lhassane Ismaili
- b Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481 , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
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Omar SH, Scott CJ, Hamlin AS, Obied HK. Olive Biophenols Reduces Alzheimer's Pathology in SH-SY5Y Cells and APPswe Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010125. [PMID: 30598025 PMCID: PMC6337485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disease, associated with the hallmark proteinacious constituent called amyloid beta (Aβ) of senile plaques. Moreover, it is already established that metals (particularly copper, zinc and iron) have a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. In order to reduce the Aβ plaque burden and overcome the side effects from the synthetic inhibitors, the current study was designed to focus on direct inhibition of with or without metal-induced Aβ fibril formation and aggregation by using olive biophenols. Exposure of neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells with Aβ42 resulted in decrease of cell viability and morphological changes might be due to severe increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The pre-treated SH-SY5Y cells with olive biophenols were able to attenuate cell death caused by Aβ42, copper- Aβ42, and [laevodihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)] l-DOPA-Aβ42-induced toxicity after 24 h of treatment. Oleuropein, verbascoside and rutin were the major anti-amyloidogenic compounds. Transgenic mice (APPswe/PS1dE9) received 50 mg/kg of oleuropein containing olive leaf extracts (OLE) or control diet from 7 to 23 weeks of age. Treatment mice (OLE) were showed significantly reduced amyloid plaque deposition (p < 0.001) in cortex and hippocampus as compared to control mice. Our findings provide a basis for considering natural and low cost biophenols from olive as a promising candidate drug against AD. Further studies warrant to validate and determine the anti-amyloid mechanism, bioavailability as well as permeability of olive biophenols against blood brain barrier in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Haris Omar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
| | - Adam S Hamlin
- School of Science & Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
| | - Hassan K Obied
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
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43
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Shu Z, Hussain Sh A, Shahen M, Wang H, Alagawany M, Abd El-Hac ME, Ali Kalhor S, Rashid M, Ali Shar P. Pharmacological Uses of Ginkgo biloba Extracts for Cardiovascular Disease and Coronary Heart Diseases. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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44
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Ginkgo biloba Extract Decreases Scopolamine-Induced Congophilic Amyloid Plaques Accumulation in Male Rat's Brain. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.69143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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45
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Xu J, Wang K, Yuan Y, Li H, Zhang R, Guan S, Wang L. A Novel Peroxidase Mimics and Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathology and Cognitive Decline in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113304. [PMID: 30352982 PMCID: PMC6274722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly, which is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss. Therefore, clearing Aβ aggregates and reducing oxidative stress could be an effective therapeutic strategy for AD. Deuterohemin-AlaHisThrValGluLys (DhHP-6), a novel deuterohemin-containing peptide mimetic of the natural microperoxidase-11 (MP-11), shows higher antioxidant activity and stability compared to the natural microperoxidases. DhHP-6 possesses the ability of extending lifespan and alleviating paralysis in the Aβ1-42 transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans CL4176 model of AD, as shown in our previous study. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring the neuroprotective effect of DhHP-6 in the APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic mouse model of AD. DhHP-6 reduced the diameter and fiber structure of Aβ1-42 aggregation in vitro, as shown by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope. DhHP-6 exerted its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting Aβ aggregation and plaque formation, and by reducing Aβ1-42 oligomers-induced neurotoxicity on HT22 (mouse hippocampal neuronal) and SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) cells. In the AD mouse model, DhHP-6 significantly ameliorated cognitive decline and improved spatial learning ability in behavioral tests including the Morris water maze, Y-maze, novel object recognition, open field, and nest-building test. Moreover, DhHP-6 reduced the deposition of Aβ plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. More importantly, DhHP-6 restored the morphology of astrocytes and microglia, and significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings provide a basis for considering the non-toxic, peroxidase mimetic DhHP-6 as a new candidate drug against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ye Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Hui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ruining Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Shuwen Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin Universtiy, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin Universtiy, Changchun 130012, China.
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Wu W, Liang X, Xie G, Chen L, Liu W, Luo G, Zhang P, Yu L, Zheng X, Ji H, Zhang C, Yi W. Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Ligustrazine Derivatives as Multi-Targeted Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102540. [PMID: 30301153 PMCID: PMC6222487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel ligustrazine derivatives 8a–r were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multi-targeted inhibitors for anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug discovery. The results showed that most of them exhibited a potent ability to inhibit both ChEs, with a high selectivity towards AChE. In particular, compounds 8q and 8r had the greatest inhibitory abilities for AChE, with IC50 values of 1.39 and 0.25 nM, respectively, and the highest selectivity towards AChE (for 8q, IC50 BuChE/IC50 AChE = 2.91 × 106; for 8r, IC50 BuChE/IC50 AChE = 1.32 × 107). Of note, 8q and 8r also presented potent inhibitory activities against Aβ aggregation, with IC50 values of 17.36 µM and 49.14 µM, respectively. Further cellular experiments demonstrated that the potent compounds 8q and 8r had no obvious cytotoxicity in either HepG2 cells or SH-SY5Y cells, even at a high concentration of 500 μM. Besides, a combined Lineweaver-Burk plot and molecular docking study revealed that these compounds might act as mixed-type inhibitors to exhibit such effects via selectively targeting both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChEs. Taken together, these results suggested that further development of these compounds should be of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xintong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guoquan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Langdi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weixiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guolin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lihong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuehua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
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Bader BM, Jügelt K, Schultz L, Schroeder OHU. Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) Leaf Extract Medications From Different Providers Exhibit Differential Functional Effects on Mouse Frontal Cortex Neuronal Networks. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:848. [PMID: 30123130 PMCID: PMC6085676 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Details of the extraction and purification procedure can have a profound impact on the composition of plant-derived extracts, and thus on their efficacy and safety. So far, studies with head-to-head comparison of the pharmacology of Ginkgo extracts rendered by different procedures have been rare. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore whether Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) leaf extract medications of various sources protect against amyloid beta toxicity on primary mouse cortex neurons growing on microelectrode arrays, and whether the effects differ between different Ginkgo extracts. Design: Our brain-on-chip platform integrates microelectrode array data recorded on neuronal tissue cultures from embryonic mouse cortex. Amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) and various Ginkgo extract preparations were added to the networks in vitro before evaluation of electrophysiological parameters by multi-parametric analysis. A Multi-variate data analysis, called Effect Score, was designed to compare effects between different products. Results: The results show that Ginkgo extracts protected against Aβ42-induced electrophysiological alterations. Different Ginkgo extracts exhibited different effects. Of note, the reference Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) leaf medication Tebonin had the most pronounced rescuing effect. Conclusion: Here, we show for the first time a side-by-side analysis of a large number of Ginkgo medications in a relevant in vitro system modeling early functional effects induced by amyloid beta peptides on neuronal transmission and connectivity. Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) leaf extract from different manufactures exhibit differential functional effects in this neural network model. This in-depth analysis of functional phenotypes of neurons cultured on MEAs chips allows identifying optimal plant extract formulations protecting against toxin-induced functional effects in vitro.
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48
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McKeage K, Lyseng-Williamson KA. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 ® in the symptomatic treatment of mild-to-moderate dementia: a profile of its use. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2018; 34:358-366. [PMID: 30546253 PMCID: PMC6267544 DOI: 10.1007/s40267-018-0537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
EGb 761® (Tanakan®) is a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves that has demonstrated protective properties against neuronal and vascular damage. Overall, in randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials and meta-analyses in adults with mild-to-moderate dementia, EGb 761® displayed positive effects, with changes from baseline in outcomes related to cognition, behaviour and global change that are generally better than those shown with placebo. EGb 761® is generally well tolerated, with no safety issues being identified during its many years of widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate McKeage
- Springer, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754 New Zealand
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49
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Omar SH, Scott CJ, Hamlin AS, Obied HK. Biophenols: Enzymes (β-secretase, Cholinesterases, histone deacetylase and tyrosinase) inhibitors from olive (Olea europaea L.). Fitoterapia 2018; 128:118-129. [PMID: 29772299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this study was on inhibition of enzymes involved in the pathogenesis Alzheimer's disease (AD) including prime amyloid beta (Aβ) producing enzyme (β-secretase: BACE-1) and disease progression enzymes including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and tyrosinase along with the catecholamine L-DOPA, by using olive biophenols. Here we report the strongest inhibition of BACE-1 from rutin (IC50: 3.8 nM) followed by verbascoside (IC50: 6.3 nM) and olive fruit extract (IC50: 18 ng), respectively. Olive biophenol, quercetin exhibited strongest enzyme inhibitory activity against tyrosinase (IC50: 10.73 μM), BChE (IC50: 19.08 μM), AChE (IC50: 55.44 μM), and HDAC (IC50: 105.1 μM) enzymes. Furthermore, olive biophenol verbascoside (IC50: 188.6 μM), and hydroxytyrosol extreme extract (IC50: 66.22 μg) were showed the highest levels of inhibition against the HDAC enzyme. Neuroprotective capacity against levodopa-induced toxicity in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells of olive biophenols were assessed, where rutin indicated the highest neuroprotection (74%), followed by caffeic acid (73%), and extract hydroxytyrosol extreme (97%), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vitro report on the enzymes inhibitory activity of olive biophenols. Taken together, our in vitro results data suggest that olive biophenols could be a promising natural inhibitor, which may reduce the enzyme-induced toxicity associated with the oxidative stress involved in the progression of AD. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS USED IN THE STUDY Acetylthiocholine iodide (PubChem CID: 74629); S-Butyrylthiocholine chloride (PubChem CID: 3015121); Caffeic acid (PubChem CID: 689043); Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (PubChem: 679); L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) (PubChem CID: 6047); 5,5'-Dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) (PubChem CID: 6254); Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (PubChem CID: 65064); Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (PubChem CID: 6049); Galantamine hydrobromide (PubChem CID: 121587); l-Glutamine (PubChem CID: 5961); Hydroxytyrosol (PubChem CID: 82755); Kojic acid (PubChem CID: 3840); Luteolin (PubChem CID: 5280445); Oleuropein (PubChem CID: 5281544); Penicillin-streptomycin (PubChem CID: 131715954); Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343); Rutin (PubChem CID: 5280805); Tris-HCl buffer (PubChem: 93573); Trypan blue (PubChem: 9562061).
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Haris Omar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Adam S Hamlin
- School of Science & Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Hassan K Obied
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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50
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Agrawal M, Saraf S, Saraf S, Antimisiaris SG, Hamano N, Li SD, Chougule M, Shoyele SA, Gupta U, Ajazuddin, Alexander A. Recent advancements in the field of nanotechnology for the delivery of anti-Alzheimer drug in the brain region. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:589-617. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1471058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
- Durg University, Govt. Vasudev Vaman Patankar Girls’ P.G. College Campus, Raipur Naka, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sophia G. Antimisiaris
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, 26510, Greece
- Department of Pharmacy, FORTH/ICE-HT, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Rio, Patras, 25104, Greece
| | - Nobuhito Hamano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shyh-Dar Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mahavir Chougule
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Sunday A. Shoyele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer – 305817, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
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