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Chernov A, Kudryavtsev I, Komlev A, Alaverdian D, Tsapieva A, Galimova E, Shamova O. Nerve Growth Factor, Antimicrobial Peptides and Chemotherapy: Glioblastoma Combination Therapy to Improve Their Efficacy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3009. [PMID: 38002009 PMCID: PMC10669874 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and lethal malignancy of the central nervous system with a median survival rate of 15 months. We investigated the combined anticancer effects of nerve growth factor (NGF), cathelicidin (LL-37), and protegrin-1 (PG-1) with chemotherapy (temozolomide, doxorubicin, carboplatin, cisplatin, and etoposide) in the glioblastoma U251 cell line to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy and to guarantee specific treatments to succeed. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to study cell viability and to determine the cytotoxic effects of NGF, LL-37, and PG-1 and their combination with chemotherapy in U251 cells. Synergism or antagonism was determined using the combination index (CI) method. Caspase-3 activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically using a caspase-3 activity assay kit. Apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) and YO-PRO-1. NGF and the peptides showed a strong cytotoxic effect on U251 glioma cells in the MTT test (IC50 0.0214, 3.1, and 26.1 μM, respectively) compared to chemotherapy. The combination of PG-1 + etoposide had a synergistic effect on apoptosis of U251 glioma cells. It should be noted that the cells were in the early and late stages of apoptosis, respectively, compared with the control cells. The caspase-3 activation analysis revealed that the caspase-3 level was not significantly (p > 0.05) increased in U251 cells following PG-1 with etoposide treatment compared with that in the untreated cells, suggesting that the combination of PG-1 and etoposide may induce caspase-independent apoptosis in U251 cells. NGF, LL-37, and PG-1 represent promising drug candidates as the treatment regimen for GBM. Furthermore, the synergistic efficacy of the combined protocol using PG-1 and etoposide may overcome some of the typical limitations of the conventional therapeutic protocols, thus representing a promising approach for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Chernov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, WCRC “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia; (I.K.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, WCRC “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia; (I.K.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Aleksei Komlev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, WCRC “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia; (I.K.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Diana Alaverdian
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Anna Tsapieva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, WCRC “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia; (I.K.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Elvira Galimova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, WCRC “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia; (I.K.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (O.S.)
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Olga Shamova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, WCRC “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia; (I.K.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (O.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
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2
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Liu X, Henriques ST, Craik DJ, Chan LY. Unlocking the Potential of the Antimicrobial Peptide Gomesin: From Discovery and Structure-Activity Relationships to Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065893. [PMID: 36982972 PMCID: PMC10053013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gomesin is a cationic antimicrobial peptide which is isolated from the haemocytes of the Brazilian tarantula Acanthoscurria gomesiana and can be produced chemically by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Gomesin exhibits a range of biological activities, as demonstrated by its toxicity against therapeutically relevant pathogens such as Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, cancer cells, and parasites. In recent years, a cyclic version of gomesin has been used for drug design and development as it is more stable than native gomesin in human serum and can penetrate and enter cancer cells. It can therefore interact with intracellular targets and has the potential to be developed as a drug lead for to treat cancer, infectious diseases, and other human diseases. This review provides a perspective on the discovery, structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, biological activity, and potential clinical applications of gomesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Liu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sónia T Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lai Yue Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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3
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Perez-Rodriguez A, Eraso E, Quindós G, Mateo E. Antimicrobial Peptides with Anti-Candida Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169264. [PMID: 36012523 PMCID: PMC9409312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoses are accountable for millions of infections yearly worldwide. Invasive candidiasis is the most usual, presenting a high morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans remains the prevalent etiologic agent, but the incidence of other species such as Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata and Candida auris keeps increasing. These pathogens frequently show a reduced susceptibility to commonly used antifungal drugs, including polyenes, triazoles and echinocandins, and the incidence of emerging multi-drug-resistant strains of these species continues to increase. Therefore, the need to search for new molecules that target these pathogenic species in a different manner is now more urgent than ever. Nature is an almost endless source of interesting new molecules that could meet this need. Among these molecules, antimicrobial peptides, present in different sources in nature, possess some advantages over conventional antifungal agents, even with their own drawbacks, and are considered as a promising pharmacological option against a wide range of microbial infections. In this review, we describe 20 antimicrobial peptides from different origins that possess an activity against Candida.
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4
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Hou D, Hu F, Mao Y, Yan L, Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Wu A, Forouzanfar T, Pathak JL, Wu G. Cationic antimicrobial peptide NRC-03 induces oral squamous cell carcinoma cell apoptosis via CypD-mPTP axis-mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102355. [PMID: 35660629 PMCID: PMC9511698 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleurocidin-family cationic antimicrobial peptide NRC-03 exhibits potent and selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells. However, the anticancer effect of NRC-03 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the molecular mechanism of NRC-03 induced cancer cell death is still unclear. This study focused to investigate mitochondrial oxidative stress-mediated altered mitochondrial function involved in NRC-03-induced apoptosis of OSCC cells. NRC-03 entered the OSCC cells more easily than that of normal cells and bound to mitochondria as well as the nucleus, causing cell membrane blebbing, mitochondria swelling, and DNA fragmentation. NRC-03 induced high oxygen consumption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in OSCC cells. Non-specific antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), or mitochondria-specific antioxidant mitoquinone (MitoQ) alleviated NRC-03-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction indicated that NRC-03 exerts a cytotoxic effect in cancer cells via inducing cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Moreover, the expression of cyclophilin D (CypD), the key component of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), was upregulated in NRC-03-treated cancer cells. Blockade of CypD by siRNA-mediated depletion or pharmacological inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) significantly suppressed NRC-03-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. NRC-03 also activated MAPK/ERK and NF-κB pathways. Importantly, intratumoral administration of NRC-03 inhibited the growth of CAL-27 cells-derived tumors on xenografted animal models. Taken together, our study indicates that NRC-03 induces apoptosis in OSCC cells via the CypD-mPTP axis mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hou
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC/VUmc and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Fengjun Hu
- Institute of Information Technology, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Yixin Mao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, Netherlands
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Zhichao Zheng
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Antong Wu
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC/VUmc and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC/VUmc and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, the Netherlands; Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081LA, Netherlands.
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5
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Buri MV, Sperandio LP, de Souza KFS, Antunes F, Rezende MM, Melo CM, Pinhal MAS, Barros CC, Fernig DG, Yates EA, Ide JS, Smaili SS, Riske KA, Nader HB, Luis Dos Santos Tersariol I, Lima MA, Judice WAS, Miranda A, Paredes-Gamero EJ. Endocytosis and the Participation of Glycosaminoglycans Are Important to the Mechanism of Cell Death Induced by β-Hairpin Antimicrobial Peptides. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6488-6501. [PMID: 35006908 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic mode of action of four antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) (gomesin, tachyplesin, protegrin, and polyphemusin) against a HeLa cell tumor model is discussed. A study of cell death by AMP stimulation revealed some similarities, including annexin-V externalization, reduction of mitochondrial potential, insensitivity against inhibitors of cell death, and membrane permeabilization. Evaluation of signaling proteins and gene expression that control cell death revealed wide variation in the responses to AMPs. However, the ability to cross cell membranes emerged as an important characteristic of AMP-dependent cell death, where endocytosis mediated by dynamin is a common mechanism. Furthermore, the affinity between AMPs and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and GAG participation in the cytotoxicity of AMPs were verified. The results show that, despite their primary and secondary structure homology, these peptides present different modes of action, but endocytosis and GAG participation are an important and common mechanism of cytotoxicity for β-hairpin peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius Buri
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Paulino Sperandio
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi Das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi Das Cruzes 08780-911, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamylla F S de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Mastelaro Rezende
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Mucciolo Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A S Pinhal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departmento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina Do ABC, Santo André 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Barros
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro, No1, Pelotas 96010-610, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, United States
| | - Soraya S Smaili
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena B Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Andrade Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner A S Judice
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi Das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi Das Cruzes 08780-911, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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6
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Hou H, Wang J, Wang J, Tang W, Shaikh AS, Li Y, Fu J, Lu L, Wang F, Sun F, Tan H. A Review of Bioactive Peptides: Chemical Modification, Structural Characterization and Therapeutic Applications. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 16:1687-1718. [PMID: 33485398 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2020.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the development and applications of protein drugs have attracted extensive attention from researchers. However, the shortcomings of protein drugs also limit their further development. Therefore, bioactive peptides isolated or simulated from protein polymers have broad application prospects in food, medicine, biotechnology, and other industries. Such peptides have a molecular weight distribution between 180 and 1000 Da. As a small molecule substance, bioactive peptide is usually degraded by various enzymes in the organism and have a short half-life. At the same time, such substances have poor stability and are difficult to produce and store. Therefore, these active peptides may be modified through phosphorylation, glycosylation, and acylation. Compared with other protein drugs, the modified active peptides are more easily absorbed by the body, have longer half-life, stronger targeting, and fewer side effects in addition to higher bioavailability. In the light of their functions, bioactive peptide can be divided into antimicrobial, anti-tumour, anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-fatigue, and anti-hypertensive peptides. This article mainly focuses on the introduction of several promising biologically active peptides functioning as antimicrobial, anti-tumour, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant peptides from the three aspects modification, structural characteristics and mechanism of action.
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7
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Colella F, Scillitani G, Pierri CL. Sweet as honey, bitter as bile: Mitochondriotoxic peptides and other therapeutic proteins isolated from animal tissues, for dealing with mitochondrial apoptosis. Toxicology 2020; 447:152612. [PMID: 33171268 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles involved in cell metabolism and cell life-cycle. Their role in apoptosis regulation makes them an interesting target of new drugs for dealing with cancer or rare diseases. Several peptides and proteins isolated from animal and plant sources are known for their therapeutic properties and have been tested on cancer cell-lines and xenograft murine models, highlighting their ability in inducing cell-death by triggering mitochondrial apoptosis. Some of those molecules have been even approved as drugs. Conversely, many other bioactive compounds are still under investigation for their proapoptotic properties. In this review we report about a group of peptides, isolated from animal venoms, with potential therapeutic properties related to their ability in triggering mitochondrial apoptosis. This class of compounds is known with different names, such as mitochondriotoxins or mitocans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Colella
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; BROWSer S.r.l. (https://browser-bioinf.com/) c/o Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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8
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New opportunities and challenges of venom-based and bacteria-derived molecules for anticancer targeted therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:356-369. [PMID: 32846203 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to advances in detection and treatment of cancer, especially the rise in the targeted therapy, the five-year relative survival rate of all cancers has increased significantly. However, according to the analysis of the survival rate of cancer patients in 2019, the survival rate of most cancers is still less than five years. Therefore, to combat complex cancer and further improve the 5-year survival rate of cancer patients, it is necessary to develop some new anticancer drugs. Because of the adaptive evolution of toxic species for millions of years, the venom sac is a "treasure bank", which has millions of biomolecules with high affinity and stability awaiting further development. Complete utilization of venom-based and bacteria-derived drugs in the market is still staggering because of incomplete understanding regarding their mode of action. In this review, we focused on the currently identified targets for anticancer effects based on venomous and bacterial biomolecules, such as ion channels, membrane non-receptor molecules, integrins, and other related target molecules. This review will serve as the key for exploring the molecular mechanisms behind the anticancer potential of venom-based and bacteria-derived drugs and will also lay the path for the development of anticancer targeted therapy.
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9
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Potier-Cartereau M, Raoul W, Weber G, Mahéo K, Rapetti-Mauss R, Gueguinou M, Buscaglia P, Goupille C, Le Goux N, Abdoul-Azize S, Lecomte T, Fromont G, Chantome A, Mignen O, Soriani O, Vandier C. Potassium and Calcium Channel Complexes as Novel Targets for Cancer Research. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:157-176. [PMID: 32767122 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular Ca2+ concentration is mainly controlled by Ca2+ channels. These channels form complexes with K+ channels, which function to amplify Ca2+ flux. In cancer cells, voltage-gated/voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and non-voltage-gated/voltage-independent Ca2+ channels have been reported to interact with K+ channels such as Ca2+-activated K+ channels and voltage-gated K+ channels. These channels are activated by an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration or by membrane depolarization, which induces membrane hyperpolarization, increasing the driving force for Ca2+ flux. These complexes, composed of K+ and Ca2+ channels, are regulated by several molecules including lipids (ether lipids and cholesterol), proteins (e.g. STIM), receptors (e.g. S1R/SIGMAR1), and peptides (e.g. LL-37) and can be targeted by monoclonal antibodies, making them novel targets for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Raoul
- N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | - Gunther Weber
- N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | - Karine Mahéo
- N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Paul Buscaglia
- LBAI UMR 1227, University of Brest, INSERM, Brest, France
| | - Caroline Goupille
- N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nelig Le Goux
- LBAI UMR 1227, University of Brest, INSERM, Brest, France
| | | | - Thierry Lecomte
- EA 7501 GICC, University of Tours, CHRU de Tours, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Tours, France
| | - Gaëlle Fromont
- N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, CHRU de Tours, Department of Pathology, Tours, France
| | | | - Olivier Mignen
- LBAI UMR 1227, University of Brest, INSERM, Brest, France
| | - Olivier Soriani
- iBV, INSERM, CNRS, University of the Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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10
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Jeyamogan S, Khan NA, Sagathevan K, Siddiqui R. Sera/Organ Lysates of Selected Animals Living in Polluted Environments Exhibit Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2251-2268. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191011161314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Species of crocodiles and cockroaches can withstand high radiation, reside in unsanitary
conditions, thrive on germ-infested feed, and are exposed to heavy metals, yet they are not reported to
develop cancer. It has been postulated that such species have mechanisms to defend themselves against developing
cancer. Here, selected species have been tested for potential cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines.
Methods:
In this study, various species of vertebrates and invertebrates were procured including Columba livia,
Gallus gallus domesticus, Varanus salvator, Cuora kamamora amboinensis, Reticulatus malayanus, Oreochromis
mossambicus, Rattus rattus, American bullfrog, Donax sp., Polymesoda coaxans, Tenebrio molitor,
Lumbricus terrestris, Blatta lateralis, Grammostola rosea, and Penaeus monodon. Species were dissected and
their organ lysates/sera/haemolymph were prepared. Cytotoxicity assays were performed using Prostate Cancer
cells (PC3), Henrietta Lacks cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa) and human breast adenocarcinoma cells
(MCF7) as well as human keratinized skin cells (Hacat), by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release as an indicator
for cell death. Growth inhibition assays were performed to determine the effects on cancer cell proliferation.
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed for molecular identification.
Results:
The results revealed that body lysates of Polymesoda coaxans demonstrated more than 99% growth
inhibition of all cancer cell lines tested but not on normal Hacat cells. More importantly, the serum of M. reticulatus
abolished growth and produced cytotoxicity. Hence these samples were subjected to Liquid Chromatography-
Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which detected 81 small molecules and putatively identified 20 molecules
when matched against the METLIN database. Out of 1094 peptides, 21 peptides were identified, while
1074 peptides were categorized as novel peptides. Based on properties such as peptide amino acid composition,
binary profile, dipeptide composition and pseudo-amino acid composition, 306 potential peptides were
identified.
Conclusion:
To our knowledge, here for the first time, we report a comprehensive analysis of sera exhibiting
cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines tested and identified several molecules using LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareni Jeyamogan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naveed A. Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kuppusamy Sagathevan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Soundrarajan N, Park S, Le Van Chanh Q, Cho HS, Raghunathan G, Ahn B, Song H, Kim JH, Park C. Protegrin-1 cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells positively correlates with the magnitude of conformational changes of the unfolded form upon cell interaction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11569. [PMID: 31399625 PMCID: PMC6689069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine protegrin-1 (PG-1) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with potent antimicrobial activities. We produced recombinant PG-1 and evaluated its cytotoxicity toward various types of mammalian cell lines, including embryonic fibroblasts, retinal cells, embryonic kidney cells, neuroblastoma cells, alveolar macrophage cells, and neutrophils. The sensitivity of the different mammalian cells to cytotoxic damage induced by PG-1 differed significantly among the cell types, with retinal neuron cells and neutrophils being the most significantly affected. A circular dichroism analysis showed there was a precise correlation between conformational changes in PG-1 and the magnitude of cytotoxicity among the various cell type. Subsequently, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) penetration assay using positively charged GFPs indicated there was a close correlation between the degree of penetration of charged GFP into cells and the magnitude of PG-1 cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we also showed that inhibition of the synthesis of anionic sulphated proteoglycans on the cell surface decreases the cytotoxic damage induced by PG-1 treatment. Taken together, the observed cytotoxicity of PG-1 towards different membrane surfaces is highly driven by the membrane’s anionic properties. Our results reveal a possible mechanism underlying cell-type dependent differences in cytotoxicity of AMPs, such as PG-1, toward mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suhyun Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Quy Le Van Chanh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Govindan Raghunathan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitӓtsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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12
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Fei D, Zhang Y, Wu J, Zhang H, Liu A, He X, Wang J, Li B, Wang Q, Jin Y. Ca v 1.2 regulates osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via canonical Wnt pathway in age-related osteoporosis. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12967. [PMID: 31120193 PMCID: PMC6612635 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Age‐related bone mass loss is one of the most prevalent diseases that afflict the elderly population. The decline in the osteogenic differentiation capacity of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) is regarded as one of the central mediators. Voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) play an important role in the regulation of various cell biological functions, and disruption of VGCCs is associated with several age‐related cellular characteristics and systemic symptoms. However, whether and how VGCCs cause the decreased osteogenic differentiation abilities of BMMSCs have not been fully elucidated. Methods Voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels related genes were screened, and the candidate gene was determined in several aging models. Functional role of determined channel on osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs was investigated through gain and loss of function experiments. Molecular mechanism was explored, and intervention experiments in vivo and in vitro were performed. Results We found that Cav1.2 was downregulated in these aging models, and downregulation of Cav1.2 in Zmpste24−/− BMMSCs contributed to compromised osteogenic capacity. Mechanistically, Cav1.2 regulated the osteogenesis of BMMSCs through canonical Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Moreover, upregulating the activity of Cav1.2 mitigated osteoporosis symptom in Zmpste24−/− mice. Conclusion Impaired osteogenic differentiation of Zmpste24−/− BMMSCs can be partly attributed to the decreased Cav1.2 expression, which leads to the inhibition of canonical Wnt pathway. Bay K8644 treatment could be an applicable approach for treating age‐related bone loss by ameliorating compromised osteogenic differentiation capacity through targeting Cav1.2 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Junjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Anqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Xiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Qintao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
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13
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Wu T, Wang M, Wu W, Luo Q, Jiang L, Tao H, Deng M. Spider venom peptides as potential drug candidates due to their anticancer and antinociceptive activities. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e146318. [PMID: 31210759 PMCID: PMC6551028 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-14-63-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider venoms are known to contain proteins and polypeptides that perform various
functions including antimicrobial, neurotoxic, analgesic, cytotoxic, necrotic,
and hemagglutinic activities. Currently, several classes of natural molecules
from spider venoms are potential sources of chemotherapeutics against tumor
cells. Some of the spider peptide toxins produce lethal effects on tumor cells
by regulating the cell cycle, activating caspase pathway or inactivating
mitochondria. Some of them also target the various types of ion channels
(including voltage-gated calcium channels, voltage-gated sodium channels, and
acid-sensing ion channels) among other pain-related targets. Herein we review
the structure and pharmacology of spider-venom peptides that are being used as
leads for the development of therapeutics against the pathophysiological
conditions including cancer and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wenfang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Qianxuan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Huai Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Meichun Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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14
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Ding X, Han W, Wang J, Yang W, Chang XF, Zhu ZY, Qin H, Zhang JZ, Wang X, Wang HM. IGF-1 alleviates serum IgG-induced neuronal cytolysis through PI3K signaling in children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome and neuroblastoma. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:885-894. [PMID: 30718793 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder, usually accompanied by neuroblastoma (NB). There is no targeted treatment and animal model of OMS. We aimed to investigate whether insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling alleviates neuronal cytolysis in pediatric OMS. METHODS Cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons and cerebellar neurons were incubated with sera or IgG isolated from sera of children with OMS and NB. Cytolysis and PI3K expression were measured by the lactate dehydrogenase assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Using inhibitors and activators, the effects of IGF-1 and PI3K on cytolysis were investigated. RESULTS The incubation of sera or IgG from children with OMS and NB increased cytolysis in not only cerebellar neurons, but also cerebral cortical neurons. Furthermore, the IGF-1 receptor antagonist NVP-AEW541 exaggerated cytolysis in children with OMS and NB. IGF-1 alleviated cytolysis, which was blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Additionally, sera or IgG from children with OMS and NB compensatively elevated PI3K expression. LY294002 exacerbated cytolysis; whereas, the PI3K activator 740 Y-P suppressed cytolysis. CONCLUSION IGF-1/PI3K signaling alleviates the cytolysis of cultured neurons induced by serum IgG from children with OMS and NB, which may be innovation therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ding
- Nutrition Research Unit, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Min Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
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15
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Gómez Rave LJ, Muñoz Bravo AX, Sierra Castrillo J, Román Marín LM, Corredor Pereira C. Scorpion Venom: New Promise in the Treatment of Cancer. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v24n2.71512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem due to its high worldwide morbimortality. Current treatment protocols do not guarantee complete remission, which has prompted to search for new and more effective antitumoral compounds. Several substances exhibiting cytostatic and cytotoxic effects over cancer cells might contribute to the treatment of this pathology. Some studies indicate the presence of such substances in scorpion venom. In this review, we report characteristics of the principal scorpion venom components found in recent literature and their potential activity against tumor cells. There are different toxin groups present in the venom, and it seems that their mode of actions involves ionic channel blocking, disruption of the cell membrane integrity and damage to internal cell organelles. These properties make good prospects for studies on drugs and adjuvants in cancer treatment.
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16
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Gomesin inhibits melanoma growth by manipulating key signaling cascades that control cell death and proliferation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11519. [PMID: 30068931 PMCID: PMC6070509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Consistent with their diverse pharmacology, peptides derived from venomous animals have been developed as drugs to treat disorders as diverse as hypertension, diabetes and chronic pain. Melanoma has a poor prognosis due in part to its metastatic capacity, warranting further development of novel targeted therapies. This prompted us to examine the anti-melanoma activity of the spider peptides gomesin (AgGom) and a gomesin-like homolog (HiGom). AgGom and HiGom dose-dependently reduced the viability and proliferation of melanoma cells whereas it had no deleterious effects on non-transformed neonatal foreskin fibroblasts. Concordantly, gomesin-treated melanoma cells showed a reduced G0/G1 cell population. AgGom and HiGom compromised proliferation of melanoma cells via activation of the p53/p21 cell cycle check-point axis and the Hippo signaling cascade, together with attenuation of the MAP kinase pathway. We show that both gomesin peptides exhibit antitumoral activity in melanoma AVATAR-zebrafish xenograft tumors and that HiGom also reduces tumour progression in a melanoma xenograft mouse model. Taken together, our data highlight the potential of gomesin for development as a novel melanoma-targeted therapy.
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17
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The Biological and Biophysical Properties of the Spider Peptide Gomesin. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071733. [PMID: 30012962 PMCID: PMC6099743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarises the current knowledge of Gomesin (Gm), an 18-residue long, cationic anti-microbial peptide originally isolated from the haemocytes of the Brazilian tarantula Acanthoscurria gomesiana. The peptide shows potent cytotoxic activity against clinically relevant microbes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In addition, Gm shows in-vitro and in-vivo anti-cancer activities against several human and murine cancers. The peptide exerts its cytotoxic activity by permeabilising cell membranes, but the underlying molecular mechanism of action is still unclear. Due to its potential as a therapeutic agent, the structure and membrane-binding properties, as well as the leakage and cytotoxic activities of Gm have been studied using a range of techniques. This review provides a summary of these studies, with a particular focus on biophysical characterisation studies of peptide variants that have attempted to establish a structure-activity relationship. Future studies are still needed to rationalise the binding affinity and cell-type-specific selectivity of Gm and its variants, while more pre-clinical studies are required to develop Gm into a therapeutically useful peptide.
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18
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Akef HM. Anticancer, antimicrobial, and analgesic activities of spider venoms. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:381-395. [PMID: 30090588 PMCID: PMC6060684 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00022k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider venoms are complex mixtures composed of a variety of compounds, including salts, small organic molecules, peptides, and proteins. But, the venom of a few species is dangerous to humans. High levels of chemical diversity make spider venoms attractive subjects for chemical prospecting. Many spider venom components show potential activity against a wide range of human diseases. However, the development of novel venom-derived therapeutics requires an understanding of their mechanisms of action. This review will highlight the structures, activities and the possible mechanisms of action of spider venoms and their components against cancer, microbial infections, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Akef
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals (NORCB) , Giza , Egypt . ; ; Tel: +20-2-37480478
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19
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Baxter AA, Lay FT, Poon IKH, Kvansakul M, Hulett MD. Tumor cell membrane-targeting cationic antimicrobial peptides: novel insights into mechanisms of action and therapeutic prospects. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3809-3825. [PMID: 28770291 PMCID: PMC11107634 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing need for effective and targeted cancer treatments that can overcome the detrimental side effects presented by current treatment options. One class of novel anticancer molecules with therapeutic potential currently under investigation are cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs). CAPs are small innate immunity peptides found ubiquitously throughout nature that are typically membrane-active against a wide range of pathogenic microbes. A number of CAPs can also target mammalian cells and often display selective activity towards tumor cells, making them attractive candidates as novel anticancer agents warranting further investigation. This current and comprehensive review describes key examples of naturally occurring membrane-targeting CAPs and their modified derivatives that have demonstrated anticancer activity, across multiple species of origin and structural subfamilies. In addition, we address recent advances made in the field and the ongoing challenges faced in translating experimental findings into clinically relevant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Baxter
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Fung T Lay
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Ivan K H Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
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20
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Gupta S, Winglee K, Gallo R, Bishai WR. Bacterial subversion of cAMP signalling inhibits cathelicidin expression, which is required for innate resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Pathol 2017; 242:52-61. [PMID: 28097645 PMCID: PMC5397332 DOI: 10.1002/path.4878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidins are important components of innate immune defence against inhaled microorganisms, and have shown antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in in vitro models. Despite this, little is known about the regulation and expression of cathelicidin during tuberculosis in vivo. We sought to determine whether the cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide gene (Cramp), the murine functional homologue of the human cathelicidin gene (CAMP or LL-37), is required for regulation of protective immunity during M. tuberculosis infection in vivo. We used Cramp-/- mice in a validated model of pulmonary tuberculosis, and conducted cell-based assays with macrophages from these mice. We evaluated the in vivo susceptibility of Cramp-/- mice to infection, and also dissected various pro-inflammatory immune responses against M. tuberculosis. We observed increased susceptibility of Cramp-/- mice to M. tuberculosis as compared with wild-type mice. Macrophages from Cramp-/- mice were unable to control M. tuberculosis growth in an in vitro infection model, were deficient in intracellular calcium influx, and were defective in stimulating T cells. Additionally, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from Cramp-/- mice produced less interferon-β upon stimulation. Furthermore, bacterial-derived cAMP modulated cathelicidin expression in macrophages. Our results demonstrate that cathelicidin is required for innate resistance to M. tuberculosis in a relevant animal model and is a key mediator in regulation of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines by calcium and cyclic nucleotides. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Gupta
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, JHU, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn Winglee
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, JHU, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Gallo
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - William R Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, JHU, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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21
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Wang X, Wang G. Insights into Antimicrobial Peptides from Spiders and Scorpions. Protein Pept Lett 2017; 23:707-21. [PMID: 27165405 DOI: 10.2174/0929866523666160511151320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The venoms of spiders and scorpions contain a variety of chemical compounds. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from these organisms were first discovered in the 1990s. As of May 2015, there were 42 spider's and 63 scorpion's AMPs in the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (http://aps.unmc.edu/AP). These peptides have demonstrated broad or narrow-spectrum activities against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. In addition, they can be toxic to cancer cells, insects and erythrocytes. To provide insight into such an activity spectrum, this article discusses the discovery, classification, structure and activity relationships, bioinformatics analysis, and potential applications of spider and scorpion AMPs. Our analysis reveals that, in the case of linear peptides, spiders use both glycine-rich and helical peptide models for defense, whereas scorpions use two distinct helical peptide models with different amino acid compositions to exert the observed antimicrobial activities and hemolytic toxicity. Our structural bioinformatics study improves the knowledge in the field and can be used to design more selective peptides to combat tumors, parasites, and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA.
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22
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Balandin SV, Emelianova AA, Kalashnikova MB, Kokryakov VN, Shamova OV, Ovchinnikova TV. Molecular mechanisms of antitumor effect of natural antimicrobial peptides. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016060029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Buri MV, Torquato HFV, Barros CC, Ide JS, Miranda A, Paredes-Gamero EJ. Comparison of Cytotoxic Activity in Leukemic Lineages Reveals Important Features of β-Hairpin Antimicrobial Peptides. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1764-1773. [PMID: 27987312 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several reports described different modes of cell death triggered by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) due to direct effects on membrane disruption, and more recently by apoptosis and necrosis-like patterns. Cytotoxic curves of four β-hairpin AMPs (gomesin, protegrin, tachyplesin, and polyphemusin) were obtained from several human leukemic lineages and normal monocytes and Two cell lines were then selected based on their cytotoxic sensitivity. One was sensitive to AMPs (K562) and the other resistant (KG-1) and their effect compared between these lineages. Thus, these lineages were chosen to further investigate biological features related with their cytotoxicities to AMPs. Stimulation with AMPs produced cell death, with activation of caspase-3, in K562 lineage. Increase on the fluidity of plasmatic membrane by reducing cholesterol potentiated cytotoxicity of AMPs in both lineages. Quantification of internal and external gomesin binding to the cellular membrane of both K562 and KG-1 cells showed that more peptide is accumulated inside of K562 cells. Additionally, evaluation of multi-drug resistant pumps activity showed that KG-1 has more activity than K562 lineage. A comparison of intrinsic gene patterns showed great differences between K562 and KG-1, but stimulation with gomesin promoted few changes in gene expression patterns. Differences in internalization process through the plasma membrane, multidrug resistance pumps activity, and gene expression pattern are important features to AMPs regulated cell death. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1764-1773, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus V Buri
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Heron F Vieira Torquato
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Castilho Barros
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro, n°1, 96010-610, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven 06519, Connecticut
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquı́mica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200. Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
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Mårtensson LB, Blom CL, Dahlin LB. Ca 2+ involvement in activation of extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase 1/2 and m-calpain after axotomy of the sciatic nerve. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:623-628. [PMID: 28553344 PMCID: PMC5436362 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.205103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed mechanisms behind regeneration after nerve injury, in particular signal transduction and the fate of Schwann cells (SCs), are poorly understood. Here, we investigated axotomy-induced activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2; important for proliferation) and m-calpain in vitro, and the relation to Ca2+ deletion and Schwann cell proliferation and death after rat sciatic nerve axotomy. Nerve segments were cultured for up to 72 hours with and without ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N, N, N’, N’-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). In some experiments, 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was added during the last 24 hours to detect proliferating cells and propidium iodide (PI) was added at the last hour to detect dead and/or dying cells. Immunohistochemistry of sections of the cultured nerve segments was performed to label m-calpain and the phosphorylated and activated form of ERK1/2. The experiments revealed that immunoreactivity for p-ERK1/2 increased with time in organotypically cultured SCs. p-ERK1/2 and m-calpain were also observed in axons. A significant increase in the number of dead or dying SCs was observed in nerve segments cultured for 24 hours. When deprived of Ca2+, activation of axonal m-calpain was reduced, whereas p-ERK1/2 was increased in SCs. Ca2+ deprivation also significantly reduced the number of proliferating SCs, and instead increased the number of dead or dying SCs. Ca2+ seems to play an important role in activation of ERK1/2 in SCs and in SC survival and proliferation. In addition, extracellular Ca2+ levels are also required for m-calpain activation and up-regulation in axons. Thus, regulation of Ca2+ levels is likely to be a useful method to promote SC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B Mårtensson
- Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Lars B Dahlin
- Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Buri MV, Dias CC, Barbosa CMV, Nogueira-Pedro A, Ribeiro-Filho AC, Miranda A, Paredes-Gamero EJ. Gomesin acts in the immune system and promotes myeloid differentiation and monocyte/macrophage activation in mouse. Peptides 2016; 85:41-45. [PMID: 27614284 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the cytotoxic effect of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) against several microorganism and tumor cells has been proposed their association with the immune system. However, just a few reports have shown this relationship. In this study, mice were treated with gomesin, a β-hairpin AMP that exhibit high cytotoxicity against bacterial and tumor cells. Different effects in the immune system were observed, such as, decrease of CD3+ in T lymphocytes (Control: 17.7±1.4%; Gomesin: 7.67±1.2%) and in hematopoietic progenitors and increase of hematopoietic stem cell (Control: 0.046±0.004%; Gomesin: 0.067±0.003%), B220+ B lymphocytes (Control: 38.63±1.5%; Gomesin: 47.83±0.48%), and Mac-1+F4/80+ macrophages (Control: 11.76±3.4%; Gomesin: 27.13±4.0%). Additionally, macrophage increase was accompanied by an increase of macrophage phagocytosis (Control 20.85±1.53; Gomesin 31.32±1 Geometric mean), interleukin 6 (Control: 47.24±1.9ng/mL; Gomesin: 138.68±33.68ng/mL) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Control: 0.872±0.093ng/mL; Gomesin: 1.83±0.067ng/mL). Thus, this report showed immunomodulatory activity of gomesin in the immune system of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus V Buri
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carol C Dias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Christiano M V Barbosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nogueira-Pedro
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Ribeiro-Filho
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquı́mica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquı́mica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.
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Mácsik LL, Somogyi I, Opper B, Bovári-Biri J, Pollák E, Molnár L, Németh P, Engelmann P. Induction of apoptosis-like cell death by coelomocyte extracts from Eisenia andrei earthworms. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:213-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bednaski A, Trevisan-Silva D, Matsubara F, Boia-Ferreira M, Olivério M, Gremski L, Cavalheiro R, De Paula D, Paredes-Gamero E, Takahashi H, Toledo M, Nader H, Veiga S, Chaim O, Senff-Ribeiro A. Characterization of Brown spider (Loxosceles intermedia) hemolymph: Cellular and biochemical analyses. Toxicon 2015; 98:62-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Motif Derived Peptides Induce Cell Membrane Damages in Human Lung Cancer and Hepatoma Cell Lines. Int J Pept Res Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-015-9459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Cheng Y, Yang C, Zhao J, Tse HF, Rong J. Proteomic identification of calcium-binding chaperone calreticulin as a potential mediator for the neuroprotective and neuritogenic activities of fruit-derived glycoside amygdalin. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:146-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lipkin RB, Lazaridis T. Implicit Membrane Investigation of the Stability of Antimicrobial Peptide β-Barrels and Arcs. J Membr Biol 2014; 248:469-86. [PMID: 25430621 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous simulations showed that the β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide (AMP) protegrin-1 can form stable octameric β-barrels and tetrameric arcs (half barrels) in both implicit and explicit membranes. Here, we extend this investigation to several AMPs of similar structure: tachyplesin, androctonin, polyphemusin, gomesin, and the retrocyclin θ-defensin. These peptides form short β-hairpins stabilized by 2-3 disulfide bonds. We also examine synthetic β-sheet peptides selected from a combinatorial library for their ability or inability to form pores in lipid membranes. When heptameric, octameric, and decameric β-barrels and tetrameric arcs of these peptides were embedded in pre-formed neutral or anionic lipid pores (i.e., pores in neutral or anionic membranes, respectively), a variety of behaviors and membrane binding energies were observed. Due to the cationic charge of the peptides, more favorable transfer energies and more stable binding were observed in anionic than neutral pores. The synthetic peptides bound very strongly and formed stable barrels and arcs in both neutral and anionic pores. The natural AMPs exhibited unfavorable or marginally favorable binding energy and kinetic stability in neutral pores, consistent with the lower hemolytic activity of some of them compared with protegrin-1. Binding to anionic pores was more favorable, but significant distortions of the barrel or arc structures were sometimes noted. These results are discussed in light of the available experimental data. The diversity of behaviors obtained makes it unlikely that the barrel and arc mechanisms are valid for the entire family of β-hairpin AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Lipkin
- Department of Chemistry, City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY, 10031, USA
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Guilhelmelli F, Vilela N, Albuquerque P, Derengowski LDS, Silva-Pereira I, Kyaw CM. Antibiotic development challenges: the various mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides and of bacterial resistance. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:353. [PMID: 24367355 PMCID: PMC3856679 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural antibiotics produced by various organisms such as mammals, arthropods, plants, and bacteria. In addition to antimicrobial activity, AMPs can induce chemokine production, accelerate angiogenesis, and wound healing and modulate apoptosis in multicellular organisms. Originally, their antimicrobial mechanism of action was thought to consist solely of an increase in pathogen cell membrane permeability, but it has already been shown that several AMPs do not modulate membrane permeability in the minimal lethal concentration. Instead, they exert their effects by inhibiting processes such as protein and cell wall synthesis, as well as enzyme activity, among others. Although resistance to these molecules is uncommon several pathogens developed different strategies to overcome AMPs killing such as surface modification, expression of efflux pumps, and secretion of proteases among others. This review describes the various mechanisms of action of AMPs and how pathogens evolve resistance to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Guilhelmelli
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nathália Vilela
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília Brasília, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lorena da S Derengowski
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ildinete Silva-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília Brasília, Brazil
| | - Cynthia M Kyaw
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília Brasília, Brazil
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Buri MV, Domingues TM, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Casaes-Rodrigues RL, Rodrigues EG, Miranda A. Resistance to degradation and cellular distribution are important features for the antitumor activity of gomesin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80924. [PMID: 24312251 PMCID: PMC3843672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many reports have shown that antimicrobial peptides exhibit anticancer abilities. Gomesin (Gm) exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against cancer cells by a membrane pore formation induced after well-orchestrated intracellular mechanisms. In this report, the replacements of the Cys by Ser or Thr, and the use D-amino acids in the Gm structure were done to investigate the importance of the resistance to degradation of the molecule with its cytotoxicity. [Thr2,6,11,15]-Gm, and [Ser2,6,11,15]-Gm exhibits low cytotoxicity, and low resistance to degradation, and after 24 h are present in localized area near to the membrane. Conversely, the use of D-amino acids in the analogue [D-Thr2,6,11,15]-D-Gm confers resistance to degradation, increases its potency, and maintained this peptide spread in the cytosol similarly to what happens with Gm. Replacements of Cys by Thr and Gln by L- or D-Pro ([D-Thr2,6,11,15, Pro9]-D-Gm, and [Thr2,6,11,15, D-Pro9]-Gm), which induced a similar β-hairpin conformation, also increase their resistance to degradation, and cytotoxicity, but after 24 h they are not present spread in the cytosol, exhibiting lower cytotoxicity in comparison to Gm. Additionally, chloroquine, a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor potentiated the effect of the peptides. Furthermore, the binding and internalization of peptides was determined, but a direct correlation among these factors was not observed. However, cholesterol ablation, which increase fluidity of cellular membrane, also increase cytotoxicity and internalization of peptides. β-hairpin spatial conformation, and intracellular localization/target, and the capability of entry are important properties of gomesin cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus V. Buri
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M. Domingues
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edgar J. Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EG); (AM)
| | | | - Elaine Guadelupe Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EG); (AM)
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18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid induces apoptosis in pituitary adenoma cells via ROS/MAPKs-mediated pathway. J Neurooncol 2013; 116:221-30. [PMID: 24162829 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a natural compound extracted from liquorice, against pituitary adenoma and its underlying mechanisms in cultured cells and mouse model of xenografted tumor. GA induced cellular damage in rat pituitary adenoma-derived MMQ and GH3 cells, manifested as reduced cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase release, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) concentration. GA also caused G0/G1 phase arrest, increased apoptosis rate and increased mitochondrial membrane permeabilization by suppressing the mitochondrial membrane potential and down-regulating a ratio of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bax. GA activated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and P38; but these activating effects were attenuated by pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS inhibitor. Pretreatment with KN93, a CaMKII inhibitor, also abolished the GA activation of JNK and P38. GA remarkably inhibited growth of pituitary adenoma grafted on nude mice. These results suggest that the anti-pituitary adenoma effect of GA is associated with its apoptotic actions by activating mitochondria-mediated ROS/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in particular CaMKII that may serve a linkage between ROS accumulation and the activation of JNK and P38. This study provides experimental evidence in the support of further developing GA as a chemotherapeutic agent for pituitary adenoma.
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van der Weerden NL, Bleackley MR, Anderson MA. Properties and mechanisms of action of naturally occurring antifungal peptides. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3545-70. [PMID: 23381653 PMCID: PMC11114075 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are a vital component of the innate immune system of all eukaryotic organisms and many of these peptides have potent antifungal activity. They have potential application in the control of fungal pathogens that are a serious threat to both human health and food security. Development of antifungal peptides as therapeutics requires an understanding of their mechanism of action on fungal cells. To date, most research on antimicrobial peptides has focused on their activity against bacteria. Several antimicrobial peptides specifically target fungal cells and are not active against bacteria. Others with broader specificity often have different mechanisms of action against bacteria and fungi. This review focuses on the mechanism of action of naturally occurring antifungal peptides from a diverse range of sources including plants, mammals, amphibians, insects, crabs, spiders, and fungi. While antimicrobial peptides were originally proposed to act via membrane permeabilization, the mechanism of antifungal activity for these peptides is generally more complex and often involves entry of the peptide into the cell.
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Wang D, Wong HK, Feng YB, Zhang ZJ. Paeoniflorin, a natural neuroprotective agent, modulates multiple anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic pathways in differentiated PC12 cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:521-9. [PMID: 23436209 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown robust neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin (PF), a natural compound derived from the herbal medicine Paeony radix. In the present study, we determined associations of PF neuroprotection with its modulation of various apoptotic and anti-apoptotic pathways. PF (50-400 μM) pretreatment significantly improved viability of differentiated PC12 cells exposed to methyl-4-phenylpyridine ion (MPP(+)), a neurotoxin, and inhibited over-release of lactate dehydrogenase, a biomarker of neuronal cell death. PF also ameliorated MPP(+)-induced nuclear and mitochondrial apoptotic alteration and intracellular calcium overload. PF treatment reversed MPP(+) suppression of activity of B cell lymphoma-extra large, which is a mitochondrial membrane molecule that protects cells from DNA damage-induced apoptosis, and strikingly inhibited the enhanced level of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, which is involved in the process of apoptosis. PF alone and coadministration with MPP(+) enhanced phospho activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, Akt, and its downstream element glycogen synthase kinase-3, but the effects were completely abolished in the presence of their blockers PD98059 and LY294002. The presence of the blockers also diminished the potency of PF in improving viability of MPP(+)-exposed cells. These results indicate that neuroprotective effects of PF are related to its modulation of multiple anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic pathways, including blockade of intracellular calcium overload, prevention of mitochondrial membrane integrity, inhibition of pro-apoptotic molecules, and up-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins associated with cell survival and proliferation. The study provides evidence supporting PF as a potential therapeutic agent used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neural injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Chan LY, Zhang VM, Huang YH, Waters NC, Bansal PS, Craik DJ, Daly NL. Cyclization of the Antimicrobial Peptide Gomesin with Native Chemical Ligation: Influences on Stability and Bioactivity. Chembiochem 2013; 14:617-24. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chen SJ, Zhang W, Tong Q, Conrad K, Hirschler-Laszkiewicz I, Bayerl M, Kim JK, Cheung JY, Miller BA. Role of TRPM2 in cell proliferation and susceptibility to oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C548-60. [PMID: 23302782 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00069.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPM2 is an ion channel that modulates cell survival. We report here that full-length (TRPM2-L) and short (TRPM2-S) isoform expression was significantly increased in human neuroblastoma compared with adrenal gland. To differentiate the roles of TRPM2-L and TRPM2-S in cell proliferation and survival, we established neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines stably expressing either TRPM2 isoform or empty vector. Cells expressing TRPM2-S showed significantly enhanced proliferation, downregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and increased protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation and cell surface glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) compared with cells expressing TRPM2-L or empty vector. ERK phosphorylation was increased, and forkhead box O 3a (FOXO3a) levels were decreased. Inhibitor studies demonstrated that enhanced proliferation was dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, ERK, and NADPH oxidase activation. On the other hand, TRPM2-S-expressing cells were significantly more susceptible to cell death induced by low H2O2 concentrations (50-100 μM), whereas TRPM2-L-expressing cells were protected. This was associated with a significant increase in FOXO3a, MnSOD (SOD2), and membrane Glut1 in TRPM2-L-expressing cells compared with TRPM2-S expressing cells. We conclude that TRPM2 channels occupy a key role in cell proliferation and survival following oxidative stress in neuroblastoma. Our results suggest that overexpression of TRPM2-S results in increased proliferation through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and ERK pathways, while overexpression of TRPM2-L confers protection against oxidative stress-induced cell death through FOXO3a and SOD. TRPM2 channels may represent a novel future therapeutic target in diseases involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-jen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Paredes-Gamero EJ, Casaes-Rodrigues RL, Moura GEDD, Domingues TM, Buri MV, Ferreira VHC, Trindade ES, Moreno-Ortega AJ, Cano-Abad MF, Nader HB, Ferreira AT, Miranda A, Justo GZ, Tersariol ILS. Cell-Permeable Gomesin Peptide Promotes Cell Death by Intracellular Ca2+ Overload. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2686-97. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300251j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Victor H. C. Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular,
Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-990, Curitiba,
Brazil
| | - Edvaldo S. Trindade
- Departamento de Biologia Celular,
Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-990, Curitiba,
Brazil
| | - Ana J. Moreno-Ortega
- Instituto Teófilo
Hernando, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María F. Cano-Abad
- Instituto Teófilo
Hernando, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Giselle Z. Justo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas,
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivarne L. S. Tersariol
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação
Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes,
SP, Brazil
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Paredes-Gamero EJ, Martins MNC, Cappabianco FAM, Ide JS, Miranda A. Characterization of dual effects induced by antimicrobial peptides: regulated cell death or membrane disruption. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1062-72. [PMID: 22425533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some reports describe lysis mechanisms by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), while others describe the activation of regulated cell death. In this study, we compare the cell death-inducing activities of four β-hairpin AMPs (gomesin, protegrin, tachyplesin and polyphemusin II) along with their linear analogs in the human erythroleukemia K562 cell line to investigate the relationship between their structure and activity. METHODS K562 cells were exposed to AMPs. Morphological and biochemistry alterations were evaluated using light microscopy, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS Gomesin and protegrin displayed cytotoxic properties that their linear counterparts did not. Tachyplesin and polyphemusin II and also their linear analogs induced cell death. We were able to distinguish two ways in which these AMPs induced cell death. Lower concentrations of AMPs induced controlled cell death mechanisms. Gomesin, tachyplesin and linear-tachyplesin promoted apoptosis that was characterized by annexin labeling, sensitivity to Z-VAD, and caspase-3 activation, but was also inhibited by necrostatin-1. Gomesin and protegrin induced cell death was dependent on intracellular Ca2+ mechanisms and the participation of free radicals was observed in protegrin induced cell death. Polyphemusin II and its linear analog mainly induced necrosis. Conversely, treatment with higher concentrations of AMPs primarily resulted in cell membrane disruption, but with clearly different patterns of action for each AMP tested. CONCLUSION Different actions by β-hairpin AMPs were observed at low concentrations and at higher concentrations despite the structure similarity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Controlled intracellular mechanism and direct membrane disruption were clearly distinguished helping to understand the real action of AMPs in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Alves TR, Lima FRS, Kahn SA, Lobo D, Dubois LGF, Soletti R, Borges H, Neto VM. Glioblastoma cells: A heterogeneous and fatal tumor interacting with the parenchyma. Life Sci 2011; 89:532-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Del Barrio L, Martín-de-Saavedra MD, Romero A, Parada E, Egea J, Avila J, McIntosh JM, Wonnacott S, López MG. Neurotoxicity induced by okadaic acid in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y line can be differentially prevented by α7 and β2* nicotinic stimulation. Toxicol Sci 2011; 123:193-205. [PMID: 21715663 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A good model of neuronal death that reproduces the characteristic tau (τ) hyperphosphorylation of Alzheimeŕs disease is the use of okadaic acid (OA). The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of α7 and β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes to neuroprotection against OA in the SH-SY5Y cell line by using the selective α7 and β2* nAChR agonists PNU 282987 and 5-Iodo-A85380, respectively. The results of this study show that both α7 and β2* nAChR can afford neuroprotection against OA-induced neurotoxicity. Protection mediated by α7 nAChRs was independent of Ca(2+) and involved the intracellular signaling pathway Janus Kinase-2/Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt. When Ca(2+) entry was promoted through the α7 nAChR by using the α7-selective positive allosteric modulator PNU 120596, protection was lost. By contrast, protection mediated by β2* nAChRs was Ca(2+) dependent and implicated the signaling pathways PI3K/Akt and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2. Both α7 and β2* nAChR activation converged on downregulation of GSK-3β and reduction of τ phosphorylation in cells undergoing cell death induced by OA. Therefore, targeting nAChR could offer a strategy for reducing neurodegeneration secondary to hyperphosphorylation of protein τ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Del Barrio
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Auto´noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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