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Pant T, Uche N, Juric M, Zielonka J, Bai X. Regulation of immunomodulatory networks by Nrf2-activation in immune cells: Redox control and therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103077. [PMID: 38359749 PMCID: PMC10877431 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases present a serious health challenge due to their widespread prevalence and the severe impact on patients' lives. In the quest to alleviate the burden of these diseases, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has emerged as a pivotal player. As a transcription factor intimately involved in cellular defense against metabolic and oxidative stress, Nrf2's role in modulating the inflammatory responses of immune cells has garnered significant attention. Recent findings suggest that Nrf2's ability to alter the redox status of cells underlies its regulatory effects on immune responses. Our review delves into preclinical and clinical evidence that underscores the complex influence of Nrf2 activators on immune cell phenotypes, particularly in the inflammatory milieu. By offering a detailed analysis of Nrf2's role in different immune cell populations, we cast light on the potential of Nrf2 activators in shaping the immune response towards a more regulated state, mitigating the adverse effects of inflammation through modeling redox status of immune cells. Furthermore, we explore the innovative use of nanoencapsulation techniques that enhance the delivery and efficacy of Nrf2 activators, potentially advancing the treatment strategies for inflammatory ailments. We hope this review will stimulate the development and expansion of Nrf2-targeted treatments that could substantially improve outcomes for patients suffering from a broad range of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Nnamdi Uche
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matea Juric
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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Nguyen HT, Miyamoto A, Hoang HT, Vu TTT, Pothinuch P, Nguyen HTT. Effects of Maturation on Antibacterial Properties of Vietnamese Mango ( Mangifera indica) Leaves. Molecules 2024; 29:1443. [PMID: 38611723 PMCID: PMC11012903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study, for the first time, has investigated the relationships between alterations of mangiferin contents in mango leaves at different maturity stages and their antibacterial properties. Leaves were classified into six different maturity stages based on their color: (1) young dark reddish brown, (2) young yellow, (3) young light green, (4) mature green, (5) old dark green, and (6) old yellow leaves. Ethanol extracts were then examined against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, applying broth dilution and agar well diffusion methods. In addition, we also measured the mangiferin contents in leaves at different stages for the purpose of evaluating how the changes in this phytochemistry value affects their activities against bacteria. The results showed that extracts from leaves at young ages had better antibacterial properties than those from old leaves, as evidenced by the lower minimum inhibitory concentrations and larger inhibitory zones. In addition, we also found that the contents of mangiferin were significantly decreased followed the maturation process. These results suggest that mango leaves at young stages, especially dark reddish brown and young yellow leaves, are preferable for application in bacterial infections and other therapies related to mangiferin's constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Crossing, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Atsushi Miyamoto
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
| | - Hao Thanh Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Crossing, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.T.H.); (T.T.T.V.)
| | - Tra Thi Thu Vu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Crossing, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.T.H.); (T.T.T.V.)
| | - Pitchaya Pothinuch
- Faculty of Food Technology, Rangsit University, 52/347 Muang-Ake Phahonyothin Road, Lak-Hok, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand;
| | - Ha Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Crossing, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.T.H.); (T.T.T.V.)
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3
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Shruthi S, Mumbrekar KD, Rao BSS, Shenoy BK. Gallic acid: a polyphenolic compound potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in human breast cancer cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:544-550. [PMID: 37663803 PMCID: PMC10470337 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound with antioxidant, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. Cisplatin (CPT) is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug, and it is the treatment of choice for breast, ovarian, testicular, head, and neck cancers. However, the use of anticancer drugs has undesirable effects on patients due to associated toxicities. Thus, it is necessary to search for alternatives that reduce unintended side effects and enhance anticancer potential. The use of natural compounds with the conventional chemotherapeutic drug is a new aspect of cancer therapy. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of GA in the modulation of anticancer effects of CPT in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) by performing MTT, apoptosis, clonogenic cell survival, and micronucleus assays. GA and CPT showed significant cytotoxic activities in MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In combination therapy (GA 2.5, 5.0, and 10 μg/mL + CPT10 μg/mL), GA synergistically reduced the MCF-7 cell viability in contrast to the individual therapies. Cancer cells death by GA is through the induction of apoptosis as observed in the acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual staining method. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) was decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in combinational therapy, possibly reducing the risk of chemotherapy-induced MN. Moreover, GA in mono or combinational therapy did not induce any cytotoxic effects in normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). GA did not show any significant difference in colony inhibition compared to CPT. This outcome shows its differential effects in normal and cancerous cells. Hence, the combination GA with chemotherapeutic drugs could represent a promising alternative therapy in cancer treatment with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shruthi
- Department of Postgraduate Studies in Applied Zoology, Alva’s College, Vidyagiri, Moodbidri, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka 574227, India
| | - Kamalesh D Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - B S Satish Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
- Research Directorate Office, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Bhasker K Shenoy
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka 574199, India
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Liu C, Cong Z, Wang S, Zhang X, Song H, Xu T, Kong H, Gao P, Liu X. A review of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115857. [PMID: 36330891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge., belonging to the family Liliaceae, are named 'Zhi-mu' according to traditional Chinese medicine theory. It is a medicinal plant that has long been used as a tonic agent in various ethnomedicinal systems in East Asia, especially in China, and also for treating arthralgia, hematochezia, tidal fever, night sweats, cough, dry mouth and tongue, hemoptysis, etc. THE ARM OF THE REVIEW: The review aims to provide a systematic overview of botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and to explore the future therapeutic potential and scientific potential of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed on Anemarrhena asphodeloides using scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, Elsevier, SpringerLink, ACS publications, ancient books, Doctoral and master's Theses. Collected data from different sources was comprehensively summarised for botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis of the literature as mentioned above confirmed that the ethnomedical uses of Anemarrhena asphodeloides had a history of thousands of years in eastern Asian countries. Two hundred sixty-nine compounds have been identified from Anemarrhena asphodeloides, including steroidal saponins, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, steroids, organic acids, polysaccharides, benzophenones and other ingredients. Studies have shown that the extracts and compounds from Anemarrhena asphodeloides have extensive pharmacological activities, such as nervous system activity, antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiosteoporotic, antiallergic, antiplatelet aggregation, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-ageing, hair growth promoting, preventing cell damage, etc. Evaluating the quality and toxicity of Anemarrhena asphodeloides is essential to confirm its safe use in humans. CONCLUSION Anemarrhena asphodeloides is widely used in traditional medicine and have diverse chemical constituents with obvious biological activities. Nevertheless, more studies should be carried out in animals and humans to evaluate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its biological activity and confirm its safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhufeng Cong
- Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Shengguang Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Huaying Song
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Tianren Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Hongwei Kong
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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5
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Sousa AH, Pereira JPG, Malaquias AC, Sagica FDES, de Oliveira EHC. Intracellular accumulation and DNA damage caused by methylmercury in glial cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23170. [PMID: 35822649 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is widely used in industrial and extractive processes, and the improper disposal of waste or products containing this metal produces a significant impact on ecosystems, causing adverse effects on living organisms, including humans. Exposure to methylmercury, a highly toxic organic compound, causes important neurological and developmental impairments. Recently, the genotoxicity of mercurial compounds has gained prominence as one of the possible mechanisms associated with the neurological effects of mercury, mostly by disturbing the mitotic spindle and causing chromosome loss. In this sense, it is important to investigate if these compounds can also cause direct damage to DNA, such as single and double-strand breaks. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of methylmercury in cell lines derived from neurons (B103) and glia (C6), exposed to methylmercury (MeHg) for 24 h, by analyzing cell viability, metabolic activity, and damage to DNA and chromosomes. We found that in comparison to the neuronal cell line, glial cells showed higher tolerance to MeHg, and therefore a higher LC50 and consequent higher intracellular accumulation of Hg, which led to the occurrence of several genotoxic effects, as evidenced by the presence of micronuclei, bridges, sprouts, and chromosomal aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline H Sousa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Epidemiologia e vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.,Seção de Bacteriologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - João P G Pereira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Epidemiologia e vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.,Seção de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Allan C Malaquias
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus de Altamira, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Edivaldo H C de Oliveira
- Seção de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, ICEN, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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6
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Wei Y, Ni L, Pan J, Li X, Xu B, Deng Y, Yang T, Liu W. The Roles of Oxidative Stress in Regulating Autophagy in Methylmercury-induced Neurotoxicity. Neuroscience 2021; 469:175-190. [PMID: 34174372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potential neurotoxin that is highly toxic to the human central nervous system. Although MeHg neurotoxicity has been widely studied, the mechanism of MeHg neurotoxicity has not yet been fully elucidated. Some research evidence suggests that oxidative stress and autophagy are important molecular mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. Researchers have widely accepted that oxidative stress regulates the autophagy pathway. The current study reviews the activation of Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2)-related oxidative stress pathways and autophagy signaling pathways in the case of MeHg neurotoxicity. In addition, autophagy mainly plays a role in the neurotoxicity of MeHg through mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent autophagy signaling pathways. Finally, the regulation of autophagy by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Nrf2 in MeHg neurotoxicity was explored in this review, providing a new concept for the study of the neurotoxicity mechanism of MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Linlin Ni
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingjing Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Kumar M, Saurabh V, Tomar M, Hasan M, Changan S, Sasi M, Maheshwari C, Prajapati U, Singh S, Prajapat RK, Dhumal S, Punia S, Amarowicz R, Mekhemar M. Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:299. [PMID: 33669341 PMCID: PMC7920260 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangifera indica L. belongs to the family of Anacardiaceae and is an important fruit from South and Southeast Asia. India, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan, Mexico, Brazil, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and the Philippines are among the top mango producer countries. Leaves of the mango plant have been studied for their health benefits, which are attributed to a plethora of phytochemicals such as mangiferin, followed by phenolic acids, benzophenones, and other antioxidants such as flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and tocopherols. The extracts from mango leaves (MLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, lipid-lowering, hepato-protection, and anti-diarrheal. In the present review, we have elaborated on the nutritional and phytochemical profile of the MLs. Further, various bioactivities of the ML extracts are also critically discussed. Considering the phytochemical profile and beneficial effects of the MLs, they can be used as a potential ingredient for the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical drugs. However, more detailed clinical trials still needed to be conducted for establishing the actual efficacy of the ML extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Vivek Saurabh
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (V.S.); (U.P.)
| | - Maharishi Tomar
- ICAR—Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India;
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 462038, India;
| | - Sushil Changan
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India;
| | - Minnu Sasi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Department of Agriculture Energy and Power, ICAR—Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 462038, India;
| | - Uma Prajapati
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (V.S.); (U.P.)
| | - Surinder Singh
- Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Rakesh Kumar Prajapat
- School of Agriculture, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur 416004, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Sneh Punia
- Department of Food, Nutrition, & packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Tuwima 10, Poland;
| | - Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Liu T, Song Y, Hu A. Neuroprotective mechanisms of mangiferin in neurodegenerative diseases. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:494-502. [PMID: 33458836 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) regulates and coordinates an extensive array of complex processes requiring harmonious regulation of specific genes. CNS disorders represent a large burden on society and cause enormous disability and economic losses. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for many years in the treatment of neurological illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and depression, as the combination of TCM and Western medicine has superior therapeutic efficacy and minimal toxic side effects. Mangiferin (MGF) is an active compound of the traditional Chinese herb rhizome anemarrhenae, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-lipid peroxidation, immunomodulatory, and anti-apoptotic functions in the CNS. MGF has been demonstrated to have therapeutic effects in CNS diseases through a multitude of mechanisms. This review outlines the latest research on the neuroprotective ability of MGF and the diverse molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Liu
- Center of Animal Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Yuanjian Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ankang Hu
- Center of Animal Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
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Morozkina SN, Nhung Vu TH, Generalova YE, Snetkov PP, Uspenskaya MV. Mangiferin as New Potential Anti-Cancer Agent and Mangiferin-Integrated Polymer Systems-A Novel Research Direction. Biomolecules 2021; 11:79. [PMID: 33435313 PMCID: PMC7827323 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, the pharmaceutical industry focused on natural biologically active molecules due to their unique properties, availability and significantly less side-effects. Mangiferin is a naturally occurring C-glucosylxantone that has substantial potential for the treatment of various diseases thanks to its numerous biological activities. Many research studies have proven that mangiferin possesses antioxidant, anti-infection, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular, neuroprotective properties and it also increases immunity. It is especially important that it has no toxicity. However, mangiferin is not being currently applied to clinical use because its oral bioavailability as well as its absorption in the body are too low. To improve the solubility, enhance the biological action and bioavailability, mangiferin integrated polymer systems have been developed. In this paper, we review molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer action as well as a number of designed polymer-mangiferin systems. Taking together, mangiferin is a very promising anti-cancer molecule with excellent properties and the absence of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N. Morozkina
- Institute BioEngineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49A, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (T.H.N.V.); (P.P.S.); (M.V.U.)
| | - Thi Hong Nhung Vu
- Institute BioEngineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49A, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (T.H.N.V.); (P.P.S.); (M.V.U.)
| | - Yuliya E. Generalova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Industrial Technology of Dosage Forms, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popova Street 14A, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Petr P. Snetkov
- Institute BioEngineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49A, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (T.H.N.V.); (P.P.S.); (M.V.U.)
| | - Mayya V. Uspenskaya
- Institute BioEngineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49A, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (T.H.N.V.); (P.P.S.); (M.V.U.)
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10
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Therapeutic potential of mangiferin in the treatment of various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurochem Int 2020; 143:104939. [PMID: 33346032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthones are important chemical class of bioactive products that confers therapeutic benefits. Of several xanthones, mangiferin is known to be distributed widely across several fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. Mangiferin has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in both in-vitro and in-vivo models. Mangiferin attenuates cerebral infarction, cerebral edema, lipid peroxidation (MDA), neuronal damage, etc. Mangiferin further potentiate levels of endogenous antioxidants to confer protection against the oxidative stress inside the neurons. Mangiferin is involved in the regulation of various signaling pathways that influences the production and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in brain. Mangiferin cosunteracted the neurotoxic effect of amyloid-beta, MPTP, rotenone, 6-OHDA etc and confer protection to neurons. These evidence suggested that the mangiferin may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various neurological disorders. The present review demonstrated the pharmacodynamics-pharmacokinetics of mangiferin and neurotherapeutic potential in several neurological disorders with underlying mechanisms.
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11
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López-Ríos L, Wiebe JC, Vega-Morales T, Gericke N. Central nervous system activities of extract Mangifera indica L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112996. [PMID: 32473365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE Leaves of Mangifera indica L. have folk-uses in tropical regions of the world as health teas, as a remedy for exhaustion and fatigue, as a vegetable, and as a medicine. Mangifera indica leaf extract (MLE) had previously been demonstrated to alter brain electrical activity in-vivo. The aim of the present series of studies was to investigate whether mangiferin, a major compound in leaves and in MLE, is responsible for the neurocognitive activity of MLE, and if the CNS activities of MLE have translational potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS MLE, tradename Zynamite, is produced by Nektium Pharma, Spain. Isolated mangiferin was tested in-vitro in radioligand binding and enzyme inhibition studies against 106 CNS targets. Changes in the electroencephalograms (EEG's) of MLE and mangiferin were recorded in-vivo from four brain regions. Two double blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover clinical trials were conducted, each with 16 subjects. At 90 min and at 60 min respectively, after oral intake of 500 mg MLE, EEG recordings, psychometric tests, mood state, and tolerability were studied. RESULTS Isolated mangiferin is a selective inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) with an IC50 of 1.1 μM, with no activity on the CNS targets of caffeine. Both mangiferin and MLE induce similar changes in long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus in-vitro, and induce a similar pattern of EEG changes in-vivo. In both translational clinical trials MLE was well tolerated, with no cardiovascular side-effects. In both studies MLE caused significant spectral changes in brain electrical activity in cortical regions during cognitive challenges, different to the attenuated spectral changes induced by caffeine. There were no significant changes in the psychometric tests other than reaction time for all groups. In the second study there was a trend to faster reaction time within group for MLE (p = 0.066) and the percentage improvement in reaction time for MLE compared to placebo was significant (p = 0.049). In the first study MLE improved all scores for Profile of Mood States (POMS), with the score for "fatigue" significantly improved (p = 0.015); in the second study the POMS score for "dejection" was improved in the caffeine group, p = 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Mangiferin is a COMT inhibitor of moderate potency and is the major CNS-active compound in MLE. Both mangiferin and MLE increase hippocampal LTP in-vitro, and induce a similar pattern of changes in brain electrical activity in-vivo. While the translational clinical trials of MLE are limited by being single dose studies in a small number of subjects, they provide the first clinical evidence that the extract is well tolerated with no cardiovascular side-effects, can induce changes in brain electrical activity, may give a faster reaction time, and decrease fatigue. These CNS activities support the reported folk-uses use of mango leaf tea as a substitute for tea and as a traditional remedy for fatigue and exhaustion. Extract Mangifera indica L., Zynamite, has nootropic potential, and larger clinical studies are needed to realise this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura López-Ríos
- Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Nektium Pharma SL, 35118, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Julia C Wiebe
- Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Nektium Pharma SL, 35118, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Tanausú Vega-Morales
- Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Nektium Pharma SL, 35118, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Nigel Gericke
- Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Nektium Pharma SL, 35118, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Naraki K, Rezaee R, Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Mangiferin offers protection against deleterious effects of pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and environmental chemicals. Phytother Res 2020; 35:810-822. [PMID: 32961631 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangiferin (MGF) is a polyphenolic C-glucosyl-xanthone extracted from the mango tree (Mangifera indica). MGF has shown diverse effects such as antioxidant, antiapoptotic, radical scavenging, and chelating properties. MGF also has been shown to modulate inflammatory pathways. In this review, we examined and evaluated the literature dealing with the protective effects of MGF against various chemical toxicities. Our literature review indicated that the MGF-induced protective effects against the toxic effects of pharmaceuticals, heavy metals and environmental chemicals were mainly mediated via suppression of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress (along with enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12), and activation of PI3K/Akt and the MAPK survival signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Honeybush Extracts ( Cyclopia spp.) Rescue Mitochondrial Functions and Bioenergetics against Oxidative Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1948602. [PMID: 32831989 PMCID: PMC7428828 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1948602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role not only in the pathogenesis of many oxidative stress or age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative as well as mental disorders but also in normal aging. There is evidence that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are the most upstream and common events in the pathomechanisms of neurodegeneration. Cyclopia species are endemic South African plants and some have a long tradition of use as herbal tea, known as honeybush tea. Extracts of the tea are gaining more scientific attention due to their phenolic composition. In the present study, we tested not only the in vitro mitochondria-enhancing properties of honeybush extracts under physiological conditions but also their ameliorative properties under oxidative stress situations. Hot water and ethanolic extracts of C. subternata, C. genistoides, and C. longifolia were investigated. Pretreatment of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with honeybush extracts, at a concentration range of 0.1-1 ng/ml, had a beneficial effect on bioenergetics as it increased ATP production, respiration, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) after 24 hours under physiological conditions. The aqueous extracts of C. subternata and C. genistoides, in particular, showed a protective effect by rescuing the bioenergetic and mitochondrial deficits under oxidative stress conditions (400 μM H2O2 for 3 hours). These findings indicate that honeybush extracts could constitute candidates for the prevention of oxidative stress with an impact on aging processes and age-related neurodegenerative disorders potentially leading to the development of a condition-specific nutraceutical.
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Zeng Z, Lin C, Wang S, Wang P, Xu W, Ma W, Wang J, Xiang Q, Liu Y, Yang J, Ye F, Xie K, Xu J, Luo Y, Liu SL, Liu H. Suppressive activities of mangiferin on human epithelial ovarian cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:153267. [PMID: 32570111 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial carcinoma is a subtype of ovarian cancers, with the highest lethality among all ovarian cancer subtypes. Hitherto surgical excision combined with chemotherapy has been the most extensively employed method in clinical treatment. However, the disease relapses very frequently, calling for more effective therapies. Mangiferin, a natural xanthone glucoside, has displayed promising anti-cancer activities by in vitro studies, but its therapeutic value in epithelial ovarian cancer treatment, either by in vivo or in vitro studies, remained to be known. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the suppressive activities of mangiferin on human epithelial ovarian cancer and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We employed the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the crystal violet assay to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of mangiferin with paclitaxel as a positive control and the inhibitory effects of mangiferin on the proliferation of two human epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to determine anti-metastastic activities of mangiferin. ES-2 xenograft nude mouse model was used for the in vivo experiments. Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were carried out for evaluating the expression level of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). RESULTS In the present study, we demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo assays that mangiferin suppressed the progress of epithelial ovarian cancer in a dose-dependent manner. In the animals treated with mangiferin, the tumor volume and weight were reduced significantly. Analyses of involved molecular events demonstrated that mangiferin down-regulated the expression of metastasis-associated proteins MMP2 and MMP9. CONCLUSION Mangiferin strongly inhibited the progression of human epithelial ovarian cancer by down-regulating MMP2 and MMP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zeng
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Caiji Lin
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Siwen Wang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenqing Ma
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiaming Yang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fan Ye
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kaihong Xie
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Huidi Liu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Harbin, China; HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Mittal S, Iqubal MK, Iqbal B, Gupta MM, Ali J, Baboota S. A pervasive scientific overview on mangiferin in the prevention and treatment of various diseases with preclinical and clinical updates. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:9-21. [PMID: 32427121 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are increasing used in preventing and treating various diseases. Mangiferin belongs to the xanthone family, and has potential antiangiogenic, anticancer, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity along with the antioxidant activity. It is also used in the treatment of cardiac problem, diabetes and neurodegenerative disease. Finding of various researchers proves that mangiferin has a broad spectrum therapeutic application. Motive of this review is to describe the various studies performed on mangiferin for its different pharmacological activities. It also discusses various challenges associated with mangiferin such as stability and bioavailability. Strategies and approaches to improve bioavailability of mangiferin have also been discussed. Both research and review articles were used to write the manuscript. They were collected from various search engines like Pub Med, Science Direct and Google Scholar, using keywords like mangiferin, polyphenol, bioavailability enhancement, solubility enhancement, and antioxidant. Mangiferin being a potent antioxidant is effective in the treatment of various diseases. With novel drug delivery approaches we can overcome poor solubility and bioavailability problem which eventually can result to better utilisation of mangiferin in treating a variety of diseases and make mangiferin a revolutionary drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Babar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Madan Mohan Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Science, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Krishna Chandran AM, Christina H, Das S, Mumbrekar KD, Satish Rao BS. Neuroprotective role of naringenin against methylmercury induced cognitive impairment and mitochondrial damage in a mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 71:103224. [PMID: 31376681 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to organomercurials like methylmercury (MeHg) may occur by consumption of contaminated seafood, affecting various vital organs especially, brain contributing to neuro disorders. The citrus flavanone, naringenin (NAR) has shown strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and therefore may exert cytoprotective effect against xenobiotic agents. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective role of NAR against MeHg induced functional changes in mitochondria, neuronal cell death and cognitive impairment in a mouse model. A neurotoxic dose of MeHg (4 mg/kg.b.wt.) was administered orally to mice for 15 days. This resulted in the reduction of GSH and GST, an increase in mitochondrial DNA damage and memory impairment. On the contrary, NAR pre-treatment (100 mg/kg.b.wt.), helped in lowering the oxidative burden which in turn maintained mitochondrial function and prevented induced neuronal cell death, ultimately improving the cognitive impairment. As MeHg intoxication occurs chronically, consumption of the dietary components rich in NAR may have its positive human health impact, ultimately improving the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwaid Manu Krishna Chandran
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Hannah Christina
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubhankar Das
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamalesh D Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Satish Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
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Comet assay in neural cells as a tool to monitor DNA damage induced by chemical or physical factors relevant to environmental and occupational exposure. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 845:402990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Feng ST, Wang ZZ, Yuan YH, Sun HM, Chen NH, Zhang Y. Mangiferin: A multipotent natural product preventing neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease models. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104336. [PMID: 31271846 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are recognized as the universal neurodegenerative diseases, with the involvement of misfolded proteins pathology, leading to oxidative stress, glial cells activation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular apoptosis. Several discoveries indicate that accumulation of pathogenic proteins, i.e. amyloid β (Aβ), the microtubule-binding protein tau, and α-synuclein, are parallel with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether the causative factors are misfolded proteins or these pathophysiological changes, leading to neurodegeneration still remain ambiguous. Importantly, directing pharmacological researches towards the prevention of AD and PD seem a promising approach to detect these complicating mechanisms, and provide new insight into therapy for AD and PD patients. Mangiferin (MGF, 2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 3, 6, 7-tetrahydroxyxanthone), well-known as a natural product, is detached from multiple plants, including Mangifera indica L. With the structure of C-glycosyl and phenolic moiety, MGF possesses multipotent properties starting from anti-oxidant effects, to the alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cellular apoptosis. In particular, MGF can cross the blood-brain barrier to exert neuronal protection. Different researches implicate that MGF is able to protect the central nervous system from oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis under in vitro and in vivo models. Additional facts support that MGF plays a role in improving the declined memory and cognition of rat models. Taken together, the neuroprotective capacity of MGF may stand out as an agent candidate for AD and PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Tong Feng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Sadhukhan P, Saha S, Dutta S, Sil PC. Mangiferin Ameliorates Cisplatin Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Upregulating Nrf-2 via the Activation of PI3K and Exhibits Synergistic Anticancer Activity With Cisplatin. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:638. [PMID: 29967581 PMCID: PMC6015878 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of oxidative stress is the principal cause of acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin. Mangiferin, a naturally occurring antioxidant molecule, is found to ameliorate several oxidative stress mediated pathophysiological conditions including cancer. Cisplatin induced cytotoxicity was measured in NKE cells by MTT assay and microscopic analysis. Induction of oxidative stress and regulation of proapoptotic molecules were subsequently investigated by using different spectrophotometric analyses, FACS and immunocytochemistry. Induction of nephrotoxicity was determined by analyzing different serum biomarkers and histological parameters in vivo using swiss albino mice. Activation of NF-κB mediated pro-inflammatory and caspase dependent signaling cascades were investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Mangiferin was found to ameliorate cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in vitro and in vivo by attenuating the induction of oxidative stress and upregulating Nrf-2 mediated pro-survival signaling cascades via the activation of PI3K. Additionally, mangiferin showed synergistic anticancer activity with cisplatin in cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and SKRC-45) and EAC cell induced solid tumor bearing experimental mice. The ameliorative effect of mangiferin is primarily attributed to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It acts differentially in normal tissue cells and tumor cells by modulating different cell survival regulatory signaling molecules. For the first time, the study reveals a mechanistic basis of mangiferin action against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. Since Mangiferin shows synergistic anticancer activity with cisplatin, it can be considered as a promising drug candidate, to be used in combination with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukanya Saha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sayanta Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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Mangiferin and Morin Attenuate Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neurocytotoxicity, Induced by Amyloid Beta Oligomers. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2856063. [PMID: 30013719 PMCID: PMC6022276 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2856063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta- (Aβ-) mediated ROS overproduction disrupts intraneuronal redox balance and exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction which leads to neuronal injury. Polyphenols have been investigated as therapeutic agents that promote neuroprotective effects in experimental models of brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the neuroprotective effects of morin and mangiferin against Aβ oligomers in cultured cortical neurons and organotypic slices as well as their mechanisms of action. Cell death caused by Aβ oligomers in neuronal cultures was decreased in the presence of micromolar concentrations of mangiferin or morin, which in turn attenuated oxidative stress. The neuroprotective effects of antioxidants against Aβ were associated with the reduction of Aβ-induced calcium load to mitochondria; mitochondrial membrane depolarization; and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, a key trigger of apoptosis. Additionally, we observed that both polyphenols activated the endogenous enzymatic antioxidant system and restored oxidized protein levels. Finally, Aβ induced an impairment of energy homeostasis due to a decreased respiratory capacity that was mitigated by morin and mangiferin. Overall, the beneficial effects of polyphenols in preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal injury in AD cell models suggest that morin and mangiferin hold promise for the treatment of this neurological disorder.
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Sun D, Zhang CZ, Ran RX, Cao YF, Du Z, Fu ZW, Huang CT, Zhao ZY, Zhang WH, Fang ZZ. In Vitro Comparative Study of the Inhibitory Effects of Mangiferin and Its Aglycone Norathyriol towards UDP-Glucuronosyl Transferase (UGT) Isoforms. Molecules 2017. [PMID: 28621744 PMCID: PMC6152678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22061008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin (MGF), the predominant constituent of extracts of the mango plant Mangifera Indica L., has been investigated extensively because of its remarkable pharmacological effects. In vitro recombinant UGTs-catalyzed glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was used to investigate the inhibition of mangiferin and aglycone norathyriol towards various isoforms of UGTs in our study, which evaluated the inhibitory capacity of MGF and its aglycone norathyriol (NTR) towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms. Initial screening experiment showed that deglycosylation of MGF into NTR strongly increased the inhibitory effects towards almost all the tested UGT isoforms at a concentration of 100 μM. Kinetic experiments were performed to further characterize the inhibition of UGT1A3, UGT1A7 and UGT1A9 by NTR. NTR competitively inhibited UGT1A3, UGT1A7 and UGT1A9, with an IC50 value of 8.2, 4.4, and 12.3 μM, and a Ki value of 1.6, 2.0, and 2.8 μM, respectively. In silico docking showed that only NTR could dock into the activity cavity of UGT1A3, UGT1A7 and UGT1A9. The binding free energy of NTR to UGT1A3, 1A7, 1A9 were −7.4, −7.9 and −4.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Based on the inhibition evaluation standard ([I]/Ki < 0.1, low possibility; 0.1 < [I]/Ki < 1, medium possibility; [I]/Ki > 1, high possibility), an in vivo herb–drug interaction between MGF/NTR and drugs mainly undergoing UGT1A3-, UGT1A7- or UGT1A9-catalyzed metabolism might occur when the plasma concentration of NTR is above 1.6, 2.0 and 2.8 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Chun-Ze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China.
| | - Rui-Xue Ran
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zuo Du
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, China.
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Fu
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, China.
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Chun-Ting Huang
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, China.
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Zhen-Ying Zhao
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300121, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China.
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, China.
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Imran M, Arshad MS, Butt MS, Kwon JH, Arshad MU, Sultan MT. Mangiferin: a natural miracle bioactive compound against lifestyle related disorders. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:84. [PMID: 28464819 PMCID: PMC5414237 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current review article is an attempt to explain the therapeutic potential of mangiferin, a bioactive compound of the mango, against lifestyle-related disorders. Mangiferin (2-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one) can be isolated from higher plants as well as the mango fruit and their byproducts (i.e. peel, seed, and kernel). It possesses several health endorsing properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiallergic, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic, and immunomodulatory. It suppresses the activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor isoforms by changing the transcription process. Mangiferin protects against different human cancers, including lung, colon, breast, and neuronal cancers, through the suppression of tumor necrosis factor α expression, inducible nitric oxide synthase potential, and proliferation and induction of apoptosis. It also protects against neural and breast cancers by suppressing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-7 and inhibiting enzymatic activity, metastatic potential, and activation of the β-catenin pathway. It has the capacity to block lipid peroxidation, in order to provide a shielding effect against physiological threats. Additionally, mangiferin enhances the capacity of the monocyte-macrophage system and possesses antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This review summarizes the literature pertaining to mangiferin and its associated health claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan.,National institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 36000, Pakistan. .,School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of South Korea.
| | - Masood Sadiq Butt
- National institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Joong-Ho Kwon
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of South Korea
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 36000, Pakistan
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Izquierdo-Vega JA, Morales-González JA, SánchezGutiérrez M, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Sosa-Delgado SM, Sumaya-Martínez MT, Morales-González Á, Paniagua-Pérez R, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Madrigal-Santillán E. Evidence of Some Natural Products with Antigenotoxic Effects. Part 1: Fruits and Polysaccharides. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020102. [PMID: 28157162 PMCID: PMC5331533 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. The agents capable of causing damage to genetic material are known as genotoxins and, according to their mode of action, are classified into mutagens, carcinogens or teratogens. Genotoxins are involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic degenerative diseases including hepatic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, chronic inflammation and ageing. In recent decades, researchers have found novel bioactive phytocompounds able to counteract the effects of physical and chemical mutagens. Several studies have shown potential antigenotoxicity in a variety of fruits. In this review (Part 1), we present an overview of research conducted on some fruits (grapefruit, cranberries, pomegranate, guava, pineapple, and mango) which are frequentl consumed by humans, as well as the analysis of some phytochemicals extracted from fruits and yeasts which have demonstrated antigenotoxic capacity in various tests, including the Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus and comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannett Alejandra Izquierdo-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
| | - Manuel SánchezGutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - Sara M Sosa-Delgado
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
| | - María Teresa Sumaya-Martínez
- Secretaría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo. Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Tepic 28000, Nayarit, México.
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad A. López Mateos, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz. Col., Lindavista, México D.F. 07738, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Paniagua-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Muscular, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Av. México-Xochimilco. Col., Arenal de Guadalupe, México D.F. 14389, México.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Unidad A. López-Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Lindavista, México D.F. 07738, México.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
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Das S, Paul A, Mumbrekar KD, Rao SBS. Harmonization of Mangiferin on methylmercury engendered mitochondrial dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:630-644. [PMID: 28071871 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangiferin (MGN), a C-glucosylxanthone abundantly found in mango plants, was studied for its potential to ameliorate methylmercury (MeHg) induced mitochondrial damage in HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma) cell line. Cell viability experiments performed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) showed protective property of MGN in annulling MeHg-induced cytotoxicity. Conditioning the cells with optimal dose of MGN (50 µM) lowered MeHg-induced oxidative stress, calcium influx/efflux, depletion of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential and prevented mitochondrial fission as observed by decrease in Mitotracker red fluorescence, expression of pDRP1 (serine 616), and DRP1 levels. MGN pre-treated cells demonstrated elevation in the activities of glutathione (GSH), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione reductase (GR), reduced levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme complexes. In addition, the anti-apoptotic effect of MGN was clearly indicated by the reduction in MeHg-induced apoptotic cells analyzed by flowcytometric analysis after Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates the ability of a dietary polyphenol, MGN to ameliorate MeHg-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in human hepatic cells in vitro. This hepatoprotective potential may be attributed predominantly to the free radical scavenging/antioxidant property of MGN, by facilitating the balancing of cellular Ca2+ ions, maintenance of redox homeostasis and intracellular antioxidant activities, ultimately preserving the mitochondrial function and cell viability after MeHg intoxication. As MeHg intoxication occurs over a period of time, continuous consumption of such dietary compounds may prove to be very useful in promoting human health. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 630-644, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Das
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Ajanta Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Kamalesh D Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Satish B S Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
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Mohan V, Das S, Rao SBS. Hydroxytyrosol, a dietary phenolic compound forestalls the toxic effects of methylmercury-induced toxicity in IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1264-1275. [PMID: 25736103 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the protective potential of hydroxytyrosol (HT), an olive oil phenol, against methylmercury (MeHg)-induced neurotoxicity using IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cell line. HT inhibited MeHg-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity as confirmed by MTT, micronucleus, and comet assays. Cells preconditioned with HT showed reduction of MeHg-induced cellular oxidative stress along with the maintenance of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-tranferase, and catalase. Fluorescence microscopy and DNA ladder assays indicated the inhibitory effect of HT against MeHg-induced apoptosis, which was further established by Western blotting. An effective concentration of 5 µM HT caused downregulation of p53, bax, cytochrome c, and caspase 3 and upregulation of prosurvival proteins including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and metallothionein. This work indicates the cytoprotective potential of HT against MeHg-induced toxicity primarily by the lowering of oxidative stress, which may be endorsed to its antigenotoxic and antiapoptotic potential, in addition to its free radical scavenging ability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1264-1275, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubhankar Das
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish B S Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
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Crespo-Lopez ME, Costa-Malaquias A, Oliveira EHC, Miranda MS, Arrifano GPF, Souza-Monteiro JR, Sagica FES, Fontes-Junior EA, Maia CSF, Macchi BM, do Nascimento JLM. Is Low Non-Lethal Concentration of Methylmercury Really Safe? A Report on Genotoxicity with Delayed Cell Proliferation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162822. [PMID: 27622704 PMCID: PMC5021279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to relatively low levels of methylmercury is worrying, especially in terms of its genotoxicity. It is currently unknown as to whether exposure to low levels of mercury (below established limits) is safe. Genotoxicity was already shown in lymphocytes, but studies with cells of the CNS (as the main target organ) are scarce. Moreover, disturbances in the cell cycle and cellular proliferation have previously been observed in neuronal cells, but no data are presently available for glial cells. Interestingly, cells of glial origin accumulate higher concentrations of methylmercury than those of neuronal origin. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the possible genotoxicity and alterations in the cell cycle and cell proliferation of a glioma cell line (C6) exposed to a low, non-lethal and non-apoptotic methylmercury concentration. Biochemical (mitochondrial activity) and morphological (integrity of the membrane) assessments confirmed the absence of cell death after exposure to 3 μM methylmercury for 24 hours. Even without promoting cell death, this treatment significantly increased genotoxicity markers (DNA fragmentation, micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds). Changes in the cell cycle profile (increased mitotic index and cell populations in the S and G2/M phases) were observed, suggesting arrest of the cycle. This delay in the cycle was followed, 24 hours after methylmercury withdrawal, by a decrease number of viable cells, reduced cellular confluence and increased doubling time of the culture. Our work demonstrates that exposure to a low sublethal concentration of MeHg considered relatively safe according to current limits promotes genotoxicity and disturbances in the proliferation of cells of glial origin with sustained consequences after methylmercury withdrawal. This fact becomes especially important, since this cellular type accumulates more methylmercury than neurons and displays a vital role protecting the CNS, especially in chronic intoxication with this heavy metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém (Pará), Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Allan Costa-Malaquias
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém (Pará), Brasil
| | - Edivaldo H. C. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, Departamento de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas, 67030-000 Ananindeua (Pará), Brasil
| | - Moysés S. Miranda
- Laboratório de Fertilização In Vitro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém (Pará), Brasil
| | - Gabriela P. F. Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém (Pará), Brasil
| | - José R. Souza-Monteiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém (Pará), Brasil
| | - Fernanda Espirito-Santo Sagica
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, Departamento de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas, 67030-000 Ananindeua (Pará), Brasil
| | - Enéas A. Fontes-Junior
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém (Pará), Brasil
| | - Cristiane S. F. Maia
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém (Pará), Brasil
| | - Barbarella M. Macchi
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém (Pará), Brasil
| | - José Luiz M. do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém (Pará), Brasil
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Gold-Smith F, Fernandez A, Bishop K. Mangiferin and Cancer: Mechanisms of Action. Nutrients 2016; 8:E396. [PMID: 27367721 PMCID: PMC4963872 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin, a bioactive compound derived primarily from Anacardiaceae and Gentianaceae families and found in mangoes and honeybush tea, has been extensively studied for its therapeutic properties. Mangiferin has shown promising chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative potential. This review focuses on the effect of mangiferin on: (1) inflammation, with respect to NFκB, PPARү and the immune system; (2) cell cycle, the MAPK pathway G₂/M checkpoint; (3) proliferation and metastasis, and implications on β-catenin, MMPs, EMT, angiogenesis and tumour volume; (4) apoptosis, with a focus on Bax/Bcl ratios, intrinsic/extrinsic apoptotic pathways and telomerase activity; (5) oxidative stress, through Nrf2/ARE signalling, ROS elimination and catalase activity; and (6) efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, such as oxaliplatin, etoposide and doxorubicin. In addition, the need to enhance the bioavailability and delivery of mangiferin are briefly addressed, as well as the potential for toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchsia Gold-Smith
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Alyssa Fernandez
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Karen Bishop
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Liu M, Zhao Y, Zhang X. Knockdown of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit by siRNA causes the gold nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118870. [PMID: 25789740 PMCID: PMC4366198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown promising medical applications in cancer treatment involved in the regulation of intracellular redox balance. Previously, we have reported that GNPs can trigger apoptosis and necrosis in human lung cancer cells (A549) when L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) was used to decrease the expression of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Herein, we investigated the cytotoxicity of GNPs toward lung cancer cells under the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) was silenced by siRNA. Our results showed that GNPs cause apoptosis and necrosis in cells transfected with GCLC siRNA by elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings demonstrated that the regulation of glutathione synthesis by GCLC siRNA in A549 cells can initiate the gold nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yunxue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Alokam R, Singhal S, Srivathsav GS, Garigipati S, Puppala S, Sriram D, Perumal Y. Design of dual inhibitors of ROCK-I and NOX2 as potential leads for the treatment of neuroinflammation associated with various neurological diseases including autism spectrum disorder. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:607-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00570h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of both ROCK-I and NOX2 to treat neuroinflammation could be very effective in the treatment of progressive neurological disorders like AD, ASD and FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Alokam
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Lab
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science–Pilani
- Hyderabad–500078
- India
| | - Sarthak Singhal
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Lab
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science–Pilani
- Hyderabad–500078
- India
| | - Geetha Sai Srivathsav
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Lab
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science–Pilani
- Hyderabad–500078
- India
| | - Sowmya Garigipati
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Lab
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science–Pilani
- Hyderabad–500078
- India
| | - Sripriya Puppala
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Lab
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science–Pilani
- Hyderabad–500078
- India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Lab
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science–Pilani
- Hyderabad–500078
- India
| | - Yogeeswari Perumal
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Lab
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science–Pilani
- Hyderabad–500078
- India
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Mangiferin activates Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling without reducing the sensitivity to etoposide of human myeloid leukemia cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:257-66. [PMID: 24374812 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Mangiferin is glucosylxanthone extracted from plants of the Anacardiaceae and Gentianaceae families. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mangiferin on Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling and the sensitivity to etoposide of human myeloid leukemia cells in vitro. METHODS Human HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells and mononuclear human umbilical cord blood cells (MNCs) were examined. Nrf2 protein was detected using immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. Binding of Nrf2 to ARE was examined with electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The level of NQO1 was assessed with real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. DCFH-DA was used to evaluate intracellular ROS level. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS Mangiferin (50 μmol/L) significantly increased Nrf2 protein accumulation in HL-60 cells, particularly in the nucleus. Mangiferin also enhanced the binding of Nrf2 to an ARE, significantly up-regulated NQO1 expression and reduced intracellular ROS in HL60 cells. Mangiferin alone dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells. Mangiferin (50 mol/L) did not attenuate etoposide-induced cytotoxicity in HL-60 cells, and combined treatment of mangiferin with low concentration of etoposide (0.8 μg/mL) even increased the cell inhibition rate. Nor did mangiferin change the rate of etoposide-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. In MNCs, mangiferin significantly relieved oxidative stress, but attenuated etoposide-induced cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Mangiferin is a novel Nrf2 activator that reduces oxidative stress and protects normal cells without reducing the sensitivity to etoposide of HL-60 leukemia cells in vitro. Mangiferin may be a potential chemotherapy adjuvant.
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Liu YW, Zhu X, Yang QQ, Lu Q, Wang JY, Li HP, Wei YQ, Yin JL, Yin XX. Suppression of methylglyoxal hyperactivity by mangiferin can prevent diabetes-associated cognitive decline in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 228:585-94. [PMID: 23529380 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Evidences indicate that methylglyoxal, a highly reactive metabolite of hyperglycemia, can enhance protein glycation, oxidative stress, or inflammation. Mangiferin, a polyphenol compound of C-glucoside, has many beneficial biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, neuroprotection, cognitive enhancement, etc. Whether mangiferin alleviates diabetes-associated cognitive impairment is still unclear. OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to investigate the effects of mangiferin on the behavioral deficits of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin; the mechanisms associated with methylglyoxal toxicity are especially investigated. METHODS Diabetic rats were treated with mangiferin (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg, p.o.) for 9 weeks. Cognitive performances were evaluated with the Morris water maze. Hippocampus and blood were obtained for evaluation of the effects of mangiferin on protein glycation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in diabetic state. RESULTS Mangiferin significantly improved the behavioral performances of diabetic rats, evidenced by a decrease in escape latency as well as increases in numbers of crossing the platform and percentage of time spent in the target quadrant, which were accompanied by decreases in the levels of advanced glycation end-products and their receptor (RAGE), interleukin-1β, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde and increases in the activity and expression of glyoxalase 1 as well as glutathione level in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Furthermore, mangiferin produced a significant decrease in malondialdehyde level and increased glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity in the serum of diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that mangiferin can markedly ameliorate diabetes-associated cognitive decline in rats, which is done likely through suppressing methylglyoxal hyperactivity (promoting protein glycation, oxidative stress, and inflammation) mediated noxious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Clinical Application, Xuzhou Medical College, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
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Ondovcik SL, Preston TJ, McCallum GP, Wells PG. Expression of human oxoguanine glycosylase 1 or formamidopyrimidine glycosylase in human embryonic kidney 293 cells exacerbates methylmercury toxicity in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:41-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ondovcik SL, Tamblyn L, McPherson JP, Wells PG. Sensitivity to methylmercury toxicity is enhanced in oxoguanine glycosylase 1 knockout murine embryonic fibroblasts and is dependent on cellular proliferation capacity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 270:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li HW, Deng JG, Du ZC, Yan MS, Long ZX, Pham Thi PT, Yang KD. Protective effects of mangiferin in subchronic developmental lead-exposed rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:233-42. [PMID: 23359033 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial pollutant. Exposure to excessive amounts of lead is especially harmful to the central nervous systems of infants and young children, and oxidative stress has been reported as a major mechanism of lead-induced toxicity. To evaluate the ameliorative potential of antioxidant mangiferin (MGN) on lead-induced toxicity, Morris water maze test, determination of blood and bone lead concentration, determination of antioxidant status in plasma, as well as observation of ultrastructural changes in the hippocampus were carried out. In the present study, under a transmission electron microscope, ameliorated morphological damages in the hippocampus were observed in MGN-treated groups. Blood and bone lead concentration in MGN-treated groups lowered to some extent (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (GSH) content, and the GSH/oxidized glutathione ratio in MGN-treated groups were increased, respectively. Further studies are needed to establish whether the observed differences were a direct cause of mangiferin on lead-induced toxicity or not. This study might provide clues for the treatment of lead-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Li
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
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Hudecová A, Kusznierewicz B, Rundén-Pran E, Magdolenová Z, Hasplová K, Rinna A, Fjellsbø LM, Kruszewski M, Lankoff A, Sandberg WJ, Refsnes M, Skuland T, Schwarze P, Brunborg G, Bjøras M, Collins A, Miadoková E, Gálová E, Dusinská M. Silver nanoparticles induce premutagenic DNA oxidation that can be prevented by phytochemicals from Gentiana asclepiadea. Mutagenesis 2012; 27:759-69. [PMID: 22940646 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have the broadest and most commercial applications due to their antibacterial properties, highlighting the need for exploring their potential toxicity and underlying mechanisms of action. Our main aim was to investigate whether AgNPs exert toxicity by inducing oxidative damage to DNA in human kidney HEK 293 cells. In addition, we tested whether this damage could be counteracted by plant extracts containing phytochemicals such as swertiamarin, mangiferin and homoorientin with high antioxidant abilities. We show that AgNPs (20 nm) are taken up by cells and localised in vacuoles and cytoplasm. Exposure to 1, 25 or 100 µg/ml AgNPs leads to a significant dose-dependent increase in oxidised DNA base lesions (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine or 8-oxoG) detected by the comet assay after incubation of nucleoids with 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase. Oxidised DNA base lesions and strand breaks caused by AgNPs were diminished by aqueous and methanolic extracts from both haulm and flower of Gentiana asclepiadea.
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Role of calcium and mitochondria in MeHg-mediated cytotoxicity. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:248764. [PMID: 22927718 PMCID: PMC3425894 DOI: 10.1155/2012/248764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) mediated cytotoxicity is associated with loss of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis. The imbalance in Ca2+ physiology is believed to be associated with dysregulation of Ca2+ intracellular stores and/or increased permeability of the biomembranes to this ion. In this paper we summarize the contribution of glutamate dyshomeostasis in intracellular Ca2+ overload and highlight the mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by MeHg via Ca2+ overload. Mitochondrial disturbances elicited by Ca2+ may involve several molecular events (i.e., alterations in the activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, mitochondrial proton gradient dissipation, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, thiol depletion, failure of energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species overproduction) that could culminate in cell death. Here we will focus on the role of oxidative stress in these phenomena. Additionally, possible antioxidant therapies that could be effective in the treatment of MeHg intoxication are briefly discussed.
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Hudecová A, Kusznierewicz B, Hašplová K, Huk A, Magdolenová Z, Miadoková E, Gálová E, Dušinská M. Gentiana asclepiadea exerts antioxidant activity and enhances DNA repair of hydrogen peroxide- and silver nanoparticles-induced DNA damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3352-9. [PMID: 22721983 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high levels of different environmental pollutants is known to be associated with induction of DNA damage in humans. Thus DNA repair is of great importance in preventing mutations and contributes crucially to the prevention of cancer. In our study we have focused on quantitative analysis of Gentiana asclepiadea aqueous or methanolic extracts obtained from flower and haulm, their antioxidant potency in ABTS post-column derivatisation, and their potential ability to enhance DNA repair in human lymphocytes after hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) treatment (250 μM, 5 min). We also studied DNA repair in human kidney HEK 293 cells after exposure to 20 nm silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (100 μg/ml, 30 min) in the presence and absence of the plant extract. We have found that mangiferin along with unidentified polar compounds are the most pronounced antioxidants in the studied extracts. Extract from haulm exhibited slightly stronger antioxidant properties compared to flower extracts. However, all four extracts showed significant ability to enhance DNA repair in both cell types after H(2)O(2) and AgNP treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hudecová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
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