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Oh S, Kim H, Kim M, Jin X, Zheng S, Yi TH. The effects of Jawoongo soap on skin improvement. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:1862-1874. [PMID: 38275088 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jawoongo is used to treat and prevent skin issues such as dry and keratinization disorders, burns, trauma, pigmentation, scarring, and inflammatory skin conditions. In this study, the efficacy and safety of 0.47% Jawoongo extract-containing soap (JAUN-CS) were assessed in terms of skin improvement effects such as cleansing, moisturizing, sebum secretion management, and skin elasticity enhancement. METHODS Twenty healthy adult men and women aged 20-60 years old took part in the study. Before and after using JAUN-CS, the participants were divided into groups, and various skin improvement effects were measured utilizing machines such as the Corneometer, Tewameter TM 300, and Visioscan. A dermatologist analyzed the product's safety in accordance with Frosch & Kligman and the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) rules. RESULTS Using JAUN reduced the amount of base and point makeup by 25.7% and 76.7%, respectively. Also, JAUN showed a great facial exfoliation effect by removing the old and lifted skin keratins by 84.7% and 20.3%, respectively. Impurities in facial pores decreased by 58%, too. Furthermore, JAUN increased the moisture content of deep skin and skin surface by 3.5% and 74.0%, and skin elasticity by 2.8%. Skin tone, skin texture, skin radiance, and skin barrier all showed improvements of 3.3%, 20.0%, 15.0%, and 115.2%, respectively. Lastly, cleansing with JAUN successfully enhanced the condition of the youth triangle by 7.6%, while TEWL significantly decreased by 52.7%. Neither the JAUN nor the control group soap showed any adverse reactions, such as erythema or allergies, during the testing period. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrated that JAUN is safe for human use and has various skin-improving properties, making Jawoongo a promising natural material for the development of functional cosmetics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarang Oh
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeong-gi-do, Korea
- Snowwhitefactory Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongyong Kim
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeong-gi-do, Korea
| | - Myeongju Kim
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeong-gi-do, Korea
| | - Xiangji Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shengdao Zheng
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeong-gi-do, Korea
- Snowwhitefactory Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeong-gi-do, Korea
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2
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Jo H, Jeoung J, Shim K, Jeoung D. Nur77 Mediates Anaphylaxis by Regulating miR-21a. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3175-3192. [PMID: 38666929 PMCID: PMC11048962 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nur77 belongs to the NR4A subfamily of orphan nuclear hormone receptors. It has been shown to play important roles in metabolism, cancer progression, cellular differentiation, and the regulation of immune process. However, there has yet to be research reporting on the role of Nur77 in allergic inflammations such as anaphylaxis. This study aimed to identify molecules that could mediate allergic inflammations. To this end, we performed RNA sequencing analysis employing bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Antigen (DNP-HSA) stimulation increased the expression levels of transcription factors such as Nr4a3 (NOR1), Nr4a1 (Nur77), and Nr4a2 (Nurr1). We focused our study on Nur77. Antigen stimulation increased the expression of Nur77 in a time- and dose-dependent manner in rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL2H3). The downregulation of Nur77 prevented both antigen-induced increase in β-hexosaminidase activity as well as hallmarks of allergic reactions such as HDAC3, COX2, and MCP1 in RBL2H3 cells. Nur77 was necessary for both passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA). TargetScan analysis predicted that miR-21a would be a negative regulator of Nur77. miR-21a mimic negatively regulated PCA and PSA by inhibiting the hallmarks of allergic reactions. ChIP assays showed that c-JUN could bind to the promoter sequences of Nur77. Antigen stimulation increased the expression of c-JUN in RBL2H3 cells. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the regulatory role played by Nur77-miR-21a loop in allergic inflammations such as anaphylaxis, making this the first report to present the role played by Nur77 in an allergic inflammation. Our results suggest that Nur77 and miR-21 might serve as targets for developing anti-allergy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (H.J.); (J.J.); (K.S.)
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3
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Song Y, Ding Q, Hao Y, Cui B, Ding C, Gao F. Pharmacological Effects of Shikonin and Its Potential in Skin Repair: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7950. [PMID: 38138440 PMCID: PMC10745356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, skin injuries have a serious impact on people's lives and socio-economic stress. Shikonin, a naphthoquinone compound derived from the root of the traditional Chinese medicine Shikonin, has favorable biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and wound-healing-promoting pharmacological activities. It has been reported that Shikonin can be used for repairing skin diseases due to its wide range of pharmacological effects. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of Shikonin can play a great role in food and can also reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in food. This paper summarizes the research on the pharmacological effects of Shikonin in recent years, as well as research on the mechanism of action of Shikonin in the treatment of certain skin diseases, to provide certain theoretical references for the clinical application of Shikonin, and also to provides research ideas for the investigation of the mechanism of action of Shikonin in other skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China;
| | - Qiteng Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Yuewen Hao
- Jilin Jianwei Natural Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Linjiang 134600, China; (Y.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Bing Cui
- Jilin Jianwei Natural Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Linjiang 134600, China; (Y.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China;
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dunhua 133700, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China;
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Malik S, Brudzyńska P, Khan MR, Sytar O, Makhzoum A, Sionkowska A. Natural Plant-Derived Compounds in Food and Cosmetics: A Paradigm of Shikonin and Its Derivatives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4377. [PMID: 37374560 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin and its derivatives are the natural naphthoquinone compounds produced in the roots of the Boraginaceae family. These red pigments have been used for a long time in coloring silk, as food colorants, and in the Chinese traditional system of medicines The resurgence of public interest in natural and plant-based products has led to this category of compounds being in high demand due to their wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, antitumor, antifungal, anti-inflammatory ones. Different researchers worldwide have reported various applications of shikonin derivatives in the area of pharmacology. Nevertheless, the use of these compounds in the food and cosmetics fields needs to be explored more in order to make them available for commercial utilization in various food industries as a packaging material and to enhance their shelf life without any side effects. Similarly, the antioxidant properties and skin whitening effects of these bioactive molecules may be used successfully in various cosmetic formulations. The present review delves into the updated knowledge on the various properties of shikonin derivatives in relation to food and cosmetics. The pharmacological effects of these bioactive compounds are also highlighted. Based on various studies, it can be concluded that these natural bioactive molecules have potential to be used in different sectors, including functional food, food additives, skin, health care, and to cure various diseases. Further research is required for the sustainable production of these compounds with minimum disturbances to the environment and in order to make them available in the market at an economic price. Simultaneous studies utilizing recent techniques in computational biology, bioinformatics, molecular docking, and artificial intelligence in laboratory and clinical trials would further help in making these potential candidates promising alternative natural bioactive therapeutics with multiple uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Malik
- Laboratory of Woody Plants and Crops Biology (LBLGC), University of Orleans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Patrycja Brudzyńska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Muhammad Rehan Khan
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Abdullah Makhzoum
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Sciences and Technology, Palapye 10071, Botswana
| | - Alina Sionkowska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Javeed A, Jian C, Sun J, Wu S, Han B. Treatment of allergy: Overview of synthetic anti-allergy small molecules in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115151. [PMID: 36731273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases has been continuously increasing over the past few decades, affecting approximately 20-30% of the global population. Allergic reactions to infection of respiratory tract, digestive tract, and skin system involve multiple different targets. The main difficulty of anti-allergy research is how to develop drugs with good curative effect and less side effects by adopting new multi-targets and mechanisms according to the clinical characteristics of different allergic populations and different allergens. This review focuses on information concerning potential therapeutic targets as well as the synthetic anti-allergy small molecules with respect to their medicinal chemistry. The structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of compound-target interaction were highlighted with perspective to histamine-1/4 receptor antagonists, leukotriene biosynthesis, Th2 cytokines inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers. We hope that the study of chemical scaffold modification and optimization for different lead compounds summarized in this review not only lays the foundation for improvement of success rate and efficiency of virtual screening of antiallergic drugs, but also can provide valuable reference for the drug design of related promising research such as allergy, inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Hangzhou Zheda Dixun Biological Gene Engineering Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China
| | - Ansar Javeed
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Cuiqin Jian
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jinlyu Sun
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shandong Wu
- Hangzhou Zheda Dixun Biological Gene Engineering Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingnan Han
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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6
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Bai J, Pu X, Zhang Y, Dai E. Renal tubular gen e biomarkers identification based on immune infiltrates in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Ren Fail 2022; 44:966-986. [PMID: 35713363 PMCID: PMC9225740 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2081579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study identified novel renal tubular biomarkers that may influence the diagnosis and treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) based on immune infiltration. METHODS Three FSGS microarray datasets, GSE108112, GSE133288 and GSE121211, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The R statistical software limma package and the combat function of the sva package were applied for preprocessing and to remove the batch effects. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 120 FSGS and 15 control samples were identified with the limma package. Disease Ontology (DO) pathway enrichment analysis was conducted with statistical R software to search for related diseases. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to interpret the gene expression data and it revealed many common biological pathways. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database, and hub genes were identified by the Cytoscape (version 3.7.2) plug-in CytoHubba. The plug-in Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) was used to screen hub modules of the PPI network in Cytoscape, while functional analysis of the hub genes and hub nodes involved in the submodule was performed by ClusterProfiler. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) analysis were used to screen characteristic genes and build a logistic regression model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to investigate the logistic regression model and it was then validated by an external dataset GSE125779, which contained 8 FSGS samples and 8 healthy subjects. Cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) was used to calculate the immune infiltration of FSGS samples. RESULTS We acquired 179 DEGs, 79 genes with downregulated expression (44.1%) and 100 genes with upregulated expression (55.9%), in the FSGS samples. The DEGs were significantly associated with arteriosclerosis, kidney disease and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. GSEA revealed that these gene sets were significantly enriched in allograft rejection signaling pathways and activation of immune response in biological processes. Fifteen genes were demonstrated to be hub genes by PPI, and three submodules were screened by MCODE linked with FSGS. Analysis by machine learning methodologies identified nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) and dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) as sensitive tubular renal biomarkers in the diagnosis of FSGS, and they were selected as hub genes, as well as hub nodes which were enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that the genetic biomarkers were both correlated with activated mast cells, which may amplify FSGS biological processes. CONCLUSION DUSP1 and NR4A1 were identified as sensitive potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of FSGS. Activated mast cells have a decisive effect on the occurrence and development of FSGS through tubular lesions and tubulointerstitial inflammation, and they are expected to become therapeutic targets in FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunYuan Bai
- Medical College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, GanSu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GanSu, China
| | - XiaoWei Pu
- Medical College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, GanSu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GanSu, China
| | - YunXia Zhang
- Medical College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, GanSu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GanSu, China
| | - Enlai Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery, GanSu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
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7
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Tian HM, Fang MH, Zou J, Su L. Shikonin impairs T lymphocyte proliferation and thymopoiesis while it may increase myeloid-derived suppressor cells to alleviate immune responses. Transpl Immunol 2022; 75:101699. [PMID: 35988896 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin (SHK) has multifaceted physiological functions, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. Recently, SHK has been shown to affect immune responses; however, its detailed immune modulatory function in vivo remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that SHK not only inhibited T cell proliferation in vitro, but also intensively inhibited thymopoiesis and eliminated CD4/CD8 double-positive thymic progenitor cells in vivo. Treatment of mice with SHK resulted in immune profile alterations, which promoted myelosis in the bone marrow and increased inhibitory immune cells in central immune organs. A decrease in T cells and B cells was observed in the spleen. Using a murine allogenic skin transplantation model, we revealed that short-term treatment of recipients with SHK significantly inhibited skin graft rejection, in which the levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were markedly increased. Taken together, our study suggests that SHK can efficiently eliminate proliferating T cells and inhibit thymopoiesis while promoting the generation of MDSC, indicating its potential role in alleviating immune responses in allogeneic organ/cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Tian
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University; Changchun, 130061, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Ming-Hui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University; Changchun, 130061, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University; Changchun, 130061, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Long Su
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University; Changchun, 130061, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun 130061, China; Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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8
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Jin P, Zhang H, Zhu X, Sun K, Jiang T, Shi L, Zhi L, Zhang H. Bioinformatics analysis of mRNA profiles and identification of microRNA-mRNA network in CD4 + T cells in seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221113918. [PMID: 35942560 PMCID: PMC9373143 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221113918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to discover potential circulating genes and non-coding molecules
(micro RNA [miRNA] and circular RNA [circRNA]) in CD4+ T cells in
relation to seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Methods Microarray data of GSE50223 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus
database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during and outside the
pollen season were analyzed using R software and by Gene Ontology (GO) and
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. The
protein–protein interactions, modules, miRNAs targeting DEGs, merged
miRNA–DEG networks, and circRNAs targeted with miRNAs were further
analyzed. Results We identified 211 DEGs during the pollen season and eight DEGs outside the
season, of which only MMP12, NR4A2, and
CD69 were differentially expressed both during and
outside the pollen season. DEGs during the pollen season were enriched in
the GO categories ‘neutrophil degranulation’, ‘neutrophil activation
involved in immune response’, ‘neutrophil mediated immunity’, and
‘neutrophil activation’. A significant module was identified with key nodes
of CDK6 and hsa-miR-29b-3p. Six significant circRNAs were
also identified. Conclusions Some genes, miRNAs, and circRNAs in CD4+ T may play vital roles in
SAR and may thus be potential targets for the prevention and treatment of
SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xilin Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Hospital of Lijin, Dongying, China
| | - Kaiyue Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, YingCheng Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Zhi
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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9
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Roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Alleviated Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis and IgE-triggered Degranulation of RBL-2H3 Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithospermum erythrorhizon (L. erythrorhizon) root is used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. However, no studies have examined its impact on allergic rhinitis (AR). Here, we explored the protective effects of L. erythrorhizon in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells and in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mouse model. In the latter, we examined nasal mucosal inflammation, allergen-specific cytokine production, and histological changes to the nasal mucosa. In the mouse model, oral administration of an ethanol extract of L. erythrorhizon (LE) led to a marked reduction in rubbing and sneeze frequency, a significant decrease in serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels, and a significant increase in the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. LE also reduced expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in nasal lavage fluid (NALF), and suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial degradation in nasal tissues. In IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, LE suppressed release of degranulation markers such as β-hexosaminidase and histamine. Based on these findings, we suggest that LE may ameliorate OVA-induced AR by regulating mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses.
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10
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Li R, Chen S, Gu X, An S, Wang Z. Role of the nuclear receptor subfamily 4a in mast cells in the development of irritable bowel syndrome. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1198-1207. [PMID: 35317226 PMCID: PMC8907967 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of mast cells (MCs) and mediator release are closely related to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the exact underlying mechanisms are still not completely understood. The nuclear receptor subfamily 4a (Nr4a) is a family of orphan nuclear receptors implicated in regulating MC activation, degranulation, cytokine/chemokine synthesis and release. Acute and chronic stress trigger hypothalamic–pituitaryadrenal axis (HPA) activation to induce the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), resulting in MC activation and induction of the Nr4a family. Our newest data showed that Nr4a members were specially over-expressed in colonic MCs of the chronic water-avoidance stress (WAS)-induced visceral hyperalgesia mice, suggesting that Nr4a members might be involved in the pathophysiology of visceral hypersensitivity. In this review, we highlight the present knowledge on roles of Nr4a members in the activation of MCs and the pathophysiology of IBS, and discuss signaling pathways that modulate the activation of Nr4a family members. We propose that a better understanding of Nr4a members and their modulators may facilitate the development of more selective and effective therapies to treat IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuhong An
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 2 Ying Sheng Dong Lu, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Zhaojin Wang
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 2 Ying Sheng Dong Lu, Taian 271000, China.
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11
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Mu Z, Guo J, Zhang D, Xu Y, Zhou M, Guo Y, Hou Y, Gao X, Han X, Geng L. Therapeutic Effects of Shikonin on Skin Diseases: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 49:1871-1895. [PMID: 34961421 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin is one of the primary active components extracted from the dried root ofZicao (Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Onosma paniculata, or Arnebia euchroma), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Shikonin is known to not only exert anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities, but also play a crucial role in triggering the production of reactive oxygen species, suppressing the release of exosomes, and inducing apoptosis. Increasing evidence suggests that shikonin has a protective effect against skin diseases, including psoriasis, melanoma, and hypertrophic scars. In order to evaluate the application potential of shikonin in the treatment of skin diseases, this review is the first of its kind to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information regarding the uses of shikonin and its derivatives on skin diseases and its underlying mechanisms. In this review, we have focused on the signaling pathways and cellular targets involved in the anti-dermatosis effects of shikonin to bridge the gaps in the literature, thereby providing scientific support for the research and development of new drugs from a traditional medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Mu
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36N, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Guo
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Jincheng People's Hospital, 456N, Wenchang East Street, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Torch Development Zone Hospital, 123N, Yixian Road, Torch Zone, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Guo
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Han
- Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36N, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Long Geng
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
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12
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Yang T, Li C, Xue W, Huang L, Wang Z. Natural immunomodulating substances used for alleviating food allergy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2407-2425. [PMID: 34494479 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1975257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is a serious health problem affecting more than 10% of the human population worldwide. Medical treatments for food allergy remain limited because immune therapy is risky and costly, and anti-allergic drugs have many harmful side effects and can cause drug dependence. In this paper, we review natural bioactive substances capable of alleviating food allergy. The sources of the anti-allergic substances reviewed include plants, animals, and microbes, and the types of substances include polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, polyphenols, phycocyanin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, and probiotics. We describe five mechanisms involved in anti-allergic activities, including binding with epitopes located in allergens, affecting the gut microbiota, influencing intestinal epithelial cells, altering antigen presentation and T cell differentiation, and inhibiting the degranulation of effector cells. In the discussion, we present the limitations of existing researches as well as promising advances in the development of anti-allergic foods and/or immunomodulating food ingredients that can effectively prevent or alleviate food allergy. This review provides a reference for further research on anti-allergic materials and their hyposensitizing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wentong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Cytoskeleton Response to Ionizing Radiation: A Brief Review on Adhesion and Migration Effects. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091102. [PMID: 34572287 PMCID: PMC8465203 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is involved in several biological processes, including adhesion, motility, and intracellular transport. Alterations in the cytoskeletal components (actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules) are strictly correlated to several diseases, such as cancer. Furthermore, alterations in the cytoskeletal structure can lead to anomalies in cells’ properties and increase their invasiveness. This review aims to analyse several studies which have examined the alteration of the cell cytoskeleton induced by ionizing radiations. In particular, the radiation effects on the actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and migration have been considered to gain a deeper knowledge of the biophysical properties of the cell. In fact, the results found in the analysed works can not only aid in developing new diagnostic tools but also improve the current cancer treatments.
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Pan N, Xia Y, Hou W, Zhu G, Zhang J, Lai W, Zheng Y. Assessment of Skin Photoallergy Risk in Cosmetics Containing Herbal Extract Ingredients. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 34:253-261. [PMID: 34198300 DOI: 10.1159/000515470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE In recent years, herbal extracts are becoming increasingly popular ingredients added in cosmetics; however, the assessment of their potential adverse effects on the skin remains unclear. As Coptis, Phellodendron amurense, curcumin, and shikonin are herbs currently used in cosmetic ingredients, the aim of this study was to assess their skin photoallergy (PA) potential and the concentrations at which they could safely be used. METHODS In the patch test, Coptis, P. amurense, curcumin, and shikonin with 5, 10, 25, and 50% concentration were applied on 33 healthy Chinese subjects using the T.R.U.E. TEST® patch test system for 48 h. Photopatch testing was performed on 206 Chinese subjects with predisposed photosensitivity history using the Scandinavian photopatch series, and subjects were irradiated by 50% UVA minimum erythema dose. Photopatch testing of herbal extracts was then performed on subjects diagnosed with PA. RESULTS Thirty-three subjects (14 with type III skin and 19 with type IV skin) completed contact patch testing of herbal extracts. Coptis induced a contact allergy (CA) reaction on 2 subjects at 25% concentration and on 2 subjects at 10% concentration. P. amurense induced a CA reaction on 1 subject at 10% concentration and on 1 subject at 5% concentration. Shikonin induced a stimulating reaction on 1 subject at 10% concentration. Curcumin induced a stimulating reaction on 1 subject at 10% concentration. Of the 206 Chinese subjects predisposed for photosensitivity, 10.19% had PA, 16.5% showed CA, and 1.45% had both PA + CA. PA-induced substances were promethazine hydrochloride (15%, n = 31), chlorpromazine hydrochloride (10.84%, n = 19), perfume mix (5.82%, n = 12), atranorin (3.39%, n = 7), 6-methyl coumarine (3.39%, n = 7), balsam Peru (1.94%, n = 4), fentichlor (1.94%, n = 4), 3,3',4',5-tetrachloro salicylanilide (0.97%, n = 2), hexachlorophene (0.97%, n = 2), chlorhexidine digluconate (0.97%, n = 2), and 4-aminobenzoic acid 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (0.97%, n = 2). Coptis at 25, 10, and 5% concentration and P. amurense, shikonin, and curcumin each at 10 and 5% concentration induced negative photopatch test results in all 10 photosensitive subjects. CONCLUSION We have shown that Coptis, shikonin, or curcumin at 5% concentration in cosmetics could be applied safely without inducing contact allergic and photosensitive reactions on the skin. These findings advance the understanding of herbal extract use in cosmetic ingredients as related to the fields of dermatopharmacology and dermatotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Pan
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Dermato-Venereology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yue Xia
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Hou
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gouxing Zhu
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lai
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Li C, Ding Y, Hu S, An H. Inhibitory function of Shikonin on MRGPRX2-mediated pseudo-allergic reactions induced by the secretagogue. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153149. [PMID: 32032836 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MCs) are crucial effectors in allergic disorders by secreting inflammatory mediators. The Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor X2 (Mrgprx2) was shown to have a key role in IgE-independent allergic reactions. Therefore, potential drug candidates that directly target Mrgprx2 could be used to treat pseudo-allergic diseases. Shikonin, an active ingredient derived from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc has been used for its anti-inflammatory properties since ancient China. PURPOSE To investigate the inhibitory effects of Shikonin on IgE-independent allergy both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the mechanism underlying its effects. METHODS/STUDY DESIGNS The anti-anaphylactoid activity of Shikonin was evaluated in PCA and systemic anaphylaxis models, Calcium imaging was used to assess intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. The release of cytokines and chemokines was measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. Western blot analysis was conducted to investigate the molecules of PLCγ-PKC-IP3 signaling pathway. The analytical method of surface plasmon resonance was employed to study the interaction between Shikonin and potential target protein Mrgprx2. RESULTS Shikonin can suppress compound 48/80 (C48/80)-induced PCA, active systemic anaphylaxis, and MCs degranulation in mice in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Shikonin reduced C48/80-induced calcium flux and suppressed LAD2 cell degranulation via PLCγ-PKC-IP3 signaling pathway. Moreover, Shikonin was found to inhibit C48/80-induced Mrgprx2 expression in HEK cells, displaying specific interactions with the Mrgprx2 protein. CONCLUSION Shikonin could be a potential antagonist of Mrgprx2, thereby inhibiting pseudo-allergic reactions through Ca2+ mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yongjing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chaomei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shiling Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Hongli An
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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16
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Guo C, He J, Song X, Tan L, Wang M, Jiang P, Li Y, Cao Z, Peng C. Pharmacological properties and derivatives of shikonin-A review in recent years. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104463. [PMID: 31553936 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin is the major bioactive component extracted from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon which is also known as "Zicao" in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Recent studies have shown that shikonin demonstrates various bioactivities related to the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and wound healing. This review aimed to provide an updated summary of recent studies on shikonin. Firstly, many studies have demonstrated that shikonin exerts strong anticancer effects on various types of cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration, inducing apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. Shikonin also triggers Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, suppressing exosome release, and activate anti-tumor immunity in multiple molecular mechanisms. Examples of these effects include modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPKs signaling; inhibiting the activation of TrxR1, PKM2, RIP1/3, Src, and FAK; and regulating the expression of ERP57, MMPs, ATF2, C-MYC, miR-128, and GRP78 (Bip). Next, the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties of shikonin were also reviewed. Furthermore, several studies focusing on shikonin derivatives were reviewed, and these showed that, with modification to the naphthazarin ring or side chain, some shikonin derivatives display stronger anticancer activity and lower toxicity than shikonin itself. Our findings suggest that shikonin and its derivatives could serve as potential novel drug for the treatment of cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China; School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junlin He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaominting Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Peidu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixing Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China; School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Wang K, Pramod SN, Pavase TR, Ahmed I, Lin H, Liu L, Tian S, Lin H, Li Z. An overview on marine anti-allergic active substances for alleviating food-induced allergy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2549-2563. [PMID: 31441662 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1650716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Food provides energy and various nutrients and is the most important substance for the survival of living beings. However, for allergic people, certain foods cause strong reactions, and sometimes even cause shock or death. Food allergy has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a major global food safety issue which affect the quality of life of nearly 5% of adults and 8% of children, and the incidence continues to rise but there is no effective cure. Drug alleviation methods for food allergies often have shortcomings such as side effects, poor safety, and high cost. At present, domestic and foreign scientists have turned to research and develop various new, safe and efficient natural sources of hypoallergenic or anti-allergic drugs or foods. There are many kinds of anti-allergic substances obtained from the plants and animals have been reported. Besides, probiotics and bifidobacteria also have certain anti-allergic effects. Of all the sources of anti-allergic substances, the ocean is rich in effective active substances due to its remarkable biodiversity and extremely complex living environment, and plays a huge role in the field of anti-food allergy. In this paper, the anti-food allergic bioactive substances isolated from marine organisms encompassing marine microbial, plant, animal sources and their mechanism were reviewed and the possible targets of anti-allergic substances exerting effects are illustrated by drawing. In addition, the development prospects of marine anti-allergic market are discussed and forecasted, which can provide reference for future research on anti-allergic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Food Safety Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Siddanakoppalu Narayana Pramod
- Laboratory for Immunomodulation and Inflammation Biology, Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous), Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Tushar Ramesh Pavase
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Food Safety Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Food Safety Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Hang Lin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Food Safety Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Shenglan Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Food Safety Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Food Safety Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Food Safety Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
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18
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Wang X, Xu W, Liu Q, Li S, Wang C, Wang Z, Zhang H. Microwave-assisted ionic liquid microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of naphthoquinones from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1647542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Weili Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Shouzhi Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Chenzhao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhibing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Hanqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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19
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Song CH, Joo HM, Han SH, Kim JI, Nam SY, Kim JY. Low-dose ionizing radiation attenuates mast cell migration through suppression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression by Nr4a2. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1498-1506. [PMID: 31287373 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1642535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether low-dose ionizing radiation attenuates mast cell migration by modulating migration-associated signaling pathways and the expression of chemotactic cytokines.Materials and methods: IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 mast cells were exposed with ionizing radiation at 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 Gy using a 137Cs γ-irradiator and stimulated with 2,4-dinitrophenol-human serum albumin. Cell migration was determined using a transwell assay system, F-actin distribution using Alex Fluor 488-conjugated phalloidin, expression of various signaling proteins by Western blotting, mRNA expression by RT-PCR.Results: Low-dose ionizing radiation significantly suppressed mast cell migration induced by IgE-mediated mast cell activation. Furthermore, low-dose ionizing radiation altered cell morphology, as reflected by changes in F-actin distribution, and inhibited the activation of PI3K, Btk, Rac1, and Cdc42. These effects were mediated by Nr4a2, an immune-modulating factor. Knockdown of Nr4a2 reduced mast cell migration, inhibited the PI3K and Btk signaling pathways, and reduced expression of the chemotactic cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). We further demonstrated that direct blockade of MCP-1 using neutralizing antibodies inhibits mast cell migration.Conclusion: Low-dose ionizing radiation inhibits mast cell migration through the regulation production of MCP-1 by Nr4a2 in the activated mast cell system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hee Song
- Low-dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Mi Joo
- Low-dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Han
- Low-dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-In Kim
- Radiation Emergency Medical Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Nam
- Low-dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Low-dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jin F, Li X, Deng Y, Timilshina M, Huang B, Kim DY, Chang JH, Ichinose H, Baek SH, Murakami M, Lee YJ, Chang HW. The orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 promotes FcεRI-stimulated mast cell activation and anaphylaxis by counteracting the inhibitory LKB1/AMPK axis. Allergy 2019; 74:1145-1156. [PMID: 30565708 DOI: 10.1111/all.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1), an orphan nuclear receptor, has been implicated in several biological events such as metabolism, apoptosis, and inflammation. Recent studies indicate a potential role for NR4A1 in mast cells, yet its role in allergic responses remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to clarify the role of NR4A1 in mast cell activation and anaphylaxis. METHODS To evaluate the function of NR4A1 in mast cells, the impacts of siRNA knockdown, gene knockout, adenoviral overexpression, and pharmacological inhibition of NR4A1 on FcεRI signaling and effector functions in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) in vitro and on anaphylactic responses in vivo were evaluated. RESULTS Knockdown or knockout of NR4A1 markedly suppressed degranulation and lipid mediator production by FcεRI-crosslinked BMMCs, while its overexpression augmented these responses. Treatment with a NR4A1 antagonist also blocked mast cell activation to a similar extent as NR4A1 knockdown or knockout. Moreover, mast cell-specific NR4A1-deficient mice displayed dampened anaphylactic responses in vivo. Mechanistically, NR4A1 promoted FcεRI signaling by counteracting the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) axis. Following FcεRI crosslinking, NR4A1 bound to the LKB1/AMPK complex and sequestered it in the nucleus, thereby promoting FcεRI downstream signaling pathways. Silencing or knockout of LKB1/AMPK largely abrogated the effect of NR4A1 on mast cell activation. Additionally, NR4A1 facilitated spleen tyrosine kinase activation independently of LKB1/AMPK. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 positively regulates mast cell activation by antagonizing the LKB1-AMPK-dependent negative regulatory axis. This finding may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the development of anti-allergic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fansi Jin
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Korea
| | - Xian Li
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Korea
| | - Yifeng Deng
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Korea
| | | | - Bin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; College of Medicine; Yeungnam University; Daegu Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Korea
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- School of Life Science and Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Yokohama Japan
| | - Suk-Hwan Baek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; College of Medicine; Yeungnam University; Daegu Korea
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences; Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Japan
| | - Youn Ju Lee
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Catholic University of Daegu; Daegu Korea
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Yamashita K, Miyazaki H, Shinoda S, Hagiwara S, Takahashi H, Itagaki H. Assessment of the skin sensitizing potential of chemicals, contained in foods and/or cosmetic ingredients, using a modified local lymph node assay with an elicitation phase (LLNA:DAE) method. J Toxicol Sci 2018; 43:513-520. [PMID: 30078837 DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the skin sensitizing potential of 10 natural organic chemicals, or their derivatives, which are included in foods and/or skin products, using a modified local lymph node assay (LLNA), with an elicitation phase (LLNA:DAE). The following compounds were tested: carminic acid, esculetin, 4-methyl esculetin, coumarin, quercetin, curcumin, naringenin, chlorogenic acid, isoscopoletin, and shikonin. Esculetin, 4-methyl esculetin, isoscopoletin, and shikonin yielded positive results. In particular, shikonin at a very low concentration (0.05%) induced an elicitation response. In conclusion, four of the 10 natural organic chemicals tested had a skin sensitization potential, with shikonin producing serious reaction even at a very low concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Saori Hagiwara
- Yoshimi Laboratories, Drug Safety Testing Center Co., Ltd
| | | | - Hiroshi Itagaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University
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Sawada R, Iwata M, Umezaki M, Usui Y, Kobayashi T, Kubono T, Hayashi S, Kadowaki M, Yamanishi Y. KampoDB, database of predicted targets and functional annotations of natural medicines. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11216. [PMID: 30046160 PMCID: PMC6060122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural medicines (i.e., herbal medicines, traditional formulas) are useful for treatment of multifactorial and chronic diseases. Here, we present KampoDB (http://wakanmoview.inm.u-toyama.ac.jp/kampo/), a novel platform for the analysis of natural medicines, which provides various useful scientific resources on Japanese traditional formulas Kampo medicines, constituent herbal drugs, constituent compounds, and target proteins of these constituent compounds. Potential target proteins of these constituent compounds were predicted by docking simulations and machine learning methods based on large-scale omics data (e.g., genome, proteome, metabolome, interactome). The current version of KampoDB contains 42 Kampo medicines, 54 crude drugs, 1230 constituent compounds, 460 known target proteins, and 1369 potential target proteins, and has functional annotations for biological pathways and molecular functions. KampoDB is useful for mode-of-action analysis of natural medicines and prediction of new indications for a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Sawada
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michio Iwata
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Masahito Umezaki
- Division of Chemo-Bioinformatics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Usui
- Division of Chemo-Bioinformatics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kobayashi
- Division of Chemo-Bioinformatics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takaki Kubono
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shusaku Hayashi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Makoto Kadowaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamanishi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan. .,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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Polyvinyl Alcohol/Lithospermum Erythrorhizon Nanofibrous Membrane: Characterizations, In Vitro Drug Release, and Cell Viability. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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24
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Yoshida LS, Kakegawa T, Yuda Y, Takano-Ohmuro H. Shikonin changes the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammation-related genes in macrophages. J Nat Med 2017; 71:723-734. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Shikonin alleviates the biotoxicity produced by pneumococcal pneumolysin. Life Sci 2017; 177:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Li Y, Lu H, Gu Y, Ning Z, Cao T, Chen C, Hu C, Tao M. Enhancement of NK cells proliferation and function by Shikonin. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:124-130. [PMID: 28303727 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1299174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hailin Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yongchun Gu
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Ning
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tinghua Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chengru Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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Laakkonen JP, Lappalainen JP, Theelen TL, Toivanen PI, Nieminen T, Jauhiainen S, Kaikkonen MU, Sluimer JC, Ylä-Herttuala S. Differential regulation of angiogenic cellular processes and claudin-5 by histamine and VEGF via PI3K-signaling, transcription factor SNAI2 and interleukin-8. Angiogenesis 2016; 20:109-124. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Fu D, Shang X, Ni Z, Shi G. Shikonin inhibits inflammation and chondrocyte apoptosis by regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2735-2740. [PMID: 27703516 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin has previously been shown to have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and extensive pharmacological effects. The aim of the present study was to explore whether the protective effect of shikonin is mediated via the inhibition of inflammation and chondrocyte apoptosis, and to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms in a rat model of osteoarthritis. A model of osteoarthritis was established in healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats and 10 mg/kg/day shikonin was administered intraperitoneally for 4 days. It was found that shikonin treatment significantly inhibited inflammatory reactions in the rats with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis was found to significantly increase interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels compared with those in the sham group. However, shikonin treatment significantly inhibited the increases in IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS levels in the rats with osteoarthritis. Furthermore, caspase-3 activity and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein expression were significantly increased and phosphorylated Akt protein expression was greatly suppressed in rats with osteoarthritis when compared with the sham group. Shikonin administration attenuated the changes in caspase-3 activity and COX-2 expression and Akt phosphorylation in rats with osteoarthritis. These results indicate that shikonin inhibits inflammation and chondrocyte apoptosis by regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway in a rat model of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijie Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Xifu Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Guoguang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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Li H, Zhao P, Xu Q, Shan S, Hu C, Qiu Z, Xu X. The autism-related gene SNRPN regulates cortical and spine development via controlling nuclear receptor Nr4a1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29878. [PMID: 27430727 PMCID: PMC4949425 DOI: 10.1038/srep29878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N (SNRPN) gene, encoding the RNA-associated SmN protein, duplications or deletions of which are strongly associated with neurodevelopmental disabilities. SNRPN-coding protein is highly expressed in the brain. However, the role of SNRPN protein in neural development remains largely unknown. Here we showed that the expression of SNRPN increased markedly during postnatal brain development. Overexpression or knockdown of SNRPN in cortical neurons impaired neurite outgrowth, neuron migration, and the distribution of dendritic spines. We found that SNRPN regulated the expression level of Nr4a1, a critical nuclear receptor during neural development, in cultured primary cortical neurons. The abnormal spine development caused by SNRPN overexpression could be fully rescued by Nr4a1 co-expression. Importantly, we found that either knockdown of Nr4a1 or 3, 3'- Diindolylmethane (DIM), an Nr4a1 antagonist, were able to rescue the effects of SNRPN knockdown on neurite outgrowth of embryonic cortical neurons, providing the potential therapeutic methods for SNRPN deletion disorders. We thus concluded that maintaining the proper level of SNRPN is critical in cortical neurodevelopment. Finally, Nr4a1 may serve as a potential drug target for SNRPN-related neurodevelopmental disabilities, including Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Pingping Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Shifang Shan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chunchun Hu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiu Xu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
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Widhalm JR, Rhodes D. Biosynthesis and molecular actions of specialized 1,4-naphthoquinone natural products produced by horticultural plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2016; 3:16046. [PMID: 27688890 PMCID: PMC5030760 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The 1,4-naphthoquinones (1,4-NQs) are a diverse group of natural products found in every kingdom of life. Plants, including many horticultural species, collectively synthesize hundreds of specialized 1,4-NQs with ecological roles in plant-plant (allelopathy), plant-insect and plant-microbe interactions. Numerous horticultural plants producing 1,4-NQs have also served as sources of traditional medicines for hundreds of years. As a result, horticultural species have been at the forefront of many basic studies conducted to understand the metabolism and function of specialized plant 1,4-NQs. Several 1,4-NQ natural products derived from horticultural plants have also emerged as promising scaffolds for developing new drugs. In this review, the current understanding of the core metabolic pathways leading to plant 1,4-NQs is provided with additional emphasis on downstream natural products originating from horticultural species. An overview on the biochemical mechanisms of action, both from an ecological and pharmacological perspective, of 1,4-NQs derived from horticultural plants is also provided. In addition, future directions for improving basic knowledge about plant 1,4-NQ metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Widhalm
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
- ()
| | - David Rhodes
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
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Lee JH, Kim TH, Kim HS, Kim AR, Kim DK, Nam ST, Kim HW, Park YH, Her E, Park YM, Kim HS, Kim YM, Choi WS. An indoxyl compound 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl 1,3-diacetate, CAC-0982, suppresses activation of Fyn kinase in mast cells and IgE-mediated allergic responses in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 285:179-86. [PMID: 25902337 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells, constituents of virtually all organs and tissues, are critical cells in IgE-mediated allergic responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of an indoxyl chromogenic compound, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl 1,3-diacetate, CAC-0982, on IgE-mediated mast cell activation and allergic responses in mice. CAC-0982 reversibly suppressed antigen-stimulated degranulation in murine mast cells (IC50, ~3.8μM) and human mast cells (IC50, ~3.0μM). CAC-0982 also inhibited the expression and secretion of IL-4 and TNF-α in mast cells. Furthermore, CAC-0982 suppressed the mast cell-mediated allergic responses in mice in a dose-dependent manner (ED50 27.9mg/kg). As for the mechanism, CAC-0982 largely suppressed the phosphorylation of Syk and its downstream signaling molecules, including LAT, Akt, Erk1/2, p38, and JNK. Notably, the tyrosine kinase assay of antigen-stimulated mast cells showed that CAC-0982 inhibited Fyn kinase, one of the upstream tyrosine kinases for Syk activation in mast cells. Taken together, these results suggest that CAC-0982 may be used as a new treatment for regulating IgE-mediated allergic diseases through the inhibition of the Fyn/Syk pathway in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Ram Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seung Taek Nam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Erk Her
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Min Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea.
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