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do Carmo Pinheiro R, Souza Marques L, Ten Kathen Jung J, Nogueira CW, Zeni G. Recent Progress in Synthetic and Biological Application of Diorganyl Diselenides. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400044. [PMID: 38976862 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Diorganyl diselenides have emerged as privileged structures because they are easy to prepare, have distinct reactivity, and have broad biological activity. They have also been used in the synthesis of natural products as an electrophile in the organoselenylation of aromatic systems and peptides, reductions of alkenes, and nucleophilic substitution. This review summarizes the advancements in methods for the transformations promoted by diorganyl diselenides in the main functions of organic chemistry. Parallel, it will also describe the main findings on pharmacology and toxicology of diorganyl diselenides, emphasizing anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, chemotherapeutic, and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, an examination detailing the reactivity and biological characteristics of diorganyl diselenides provides valuable insights for academic researchers and industrial professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto do Carmo Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900
| | - Luiza Souza Marques
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900
| | - Juliano Ten Kathen Jung
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900
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Zeng JY, Wang Y, Hong FY, Miao M, Jiang YY, Qiao ZX, Wang YT, Bao XR. Tanshinone IIA is superior to paricalcitol in ameliorating tubulointerstitial fibrosis through regulation of VDR/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in rats with diabetic nephropathy. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3959-3977. [PMID: 37991543 PMCID: PMC11111530 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) are closely involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Moreover, the development of TIF is closely related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Tanshinone IIA (Tan) has various pharmacological effects, especially the anti-fibrotic effect. And it is mainly used in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, the protective effect of Tan on DN and its possible mechanism have not been clearly elucidated. Our previous studies illustrated that Tan could improve the EMT of HK-2 cells induced by high glucose by regulating the vitamin D receptor (VDR)/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we collected demographic information and laboratory results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database in order to investigate the relationship between VD and DN. Then, we established a DN model and treated DN rats with Tan and paricalcitol (Par) for 6 weeks. We subsequently compared the changes in general condition, renal function, pathological changes, and TIF-related protein expression levels of control rats, DN rats induced by STZ, DN rats with Tan at 5.4 mg/kg, DN rats with Tan at 10.8 mg/kg, and DN rats with Par at 0.054 µg/kg, to explore the effect and mechanism of Tan and Par on DN rats. The results showed that VD had a protective effect against DN in diabetic patients. And we found that Tan had a protective effect on renal fibrosis in DN rats, which was superior to Par in improving the symptoms of "three more and one less," reducing fasting blood glucose level, improving renal index, BUN/SCr, and UACR, reducing histopathological damage of kidney, and improving the expression of fibrosis-related proteins in kidney tissue by regulating VDR/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Tan was superior to Par in ameliorating tubulointerstitial fibrosis by regulating VDR/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in rats with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Yuan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Miao Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ying Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Tao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Ma ZA, Wang LX, Zhang H, Li HZ, Dong L, Wang QH, Wang YS, Pan BC, Zhang SF, Cui HT, Lv SQ. Jianpi Gushen Huayu decoction ameliorated diabetic nephropathy through modulating metabolites in kidney, and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 and JNK/P38 pathways. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:502-518. [PMID: 38591083 PMCID: PMC10999033 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction (JPGS) has been used to clinically treat diabetic nephropathy (DN) for many years. However, the protective mechanism of JPGS in treating DN remains unclear. AIM To evaluate the therapeutic effects and the possible mechanism of JPGS on DN. METHODS We first evaluated the therapeutic potential of JPGS on a DN mouse model. We then investigated the effect of JPGS on the renal metabolite levels of DN mice using non-targeted metabolomics. Furthermore, we examined the effects of JPGS on c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/P38-mediated apoptosis and the inflammatory responses mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). RESULTS The ameliorative effects of JPGS on DN mice included the alleviation of renal injury and the control of inflammation and oxidative stress. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that JPGS altered the metabolites of the kidneys in DN mice. A total of 51 differential metabolites were screened. Pathway analysis results indicated that nine pathways significantly changed between the control and model groups, while six pathways significantly altered between the model and JPGS groups. Pathways related to cysteine and methionine metabolism; alanine, tryptophan metabolism; aspartate and glutamate metabolism; and riboflavin metabolism were identified as the key pathways through which JPGS affects DN. Further experimental validation showed that JPGS treatment reduced the expression of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways and JNK/P38 pathway-mediated apoptosis related factors. CONCLUSION JPGS could markedly treat mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN, which is possibly related to the regulation of several metabolic pathways found in kidneys. Furthermore, JPGS could improve kidney inflammatory responses and ameliorate kidney injuries in DN mice via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and inhibit JNK/P38 pathway-mediated apoptosis in DN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ang Ma
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Han-Zhou Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qing-Hai Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuan-Song Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bao-Chao Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shu-Fang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huan-Tian Cui
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 065000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shu-Quan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
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Anghinoni JM, Birmann PT, da Rocha MJ, Gomes CS, Davies MJ, Brüning CA, Savegnago L, Lenardão EJ. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Low Molecular Mass Organoselenium Molecules. Molecules 2023; 28:7349. [PMID: 37959771 PMCID: PMC10649092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element in living organisms, and is present in selenoenzymes with antioxidant activity, like glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). The search for small selenium-containing molecules that mimic selenoenzymes is a strong field of research in organic and medicinal chemistry. In this review, we review the synthesis and bioassays of new and known organoselenium compounds with antioxidant activity, covering the last five years. A detailed description of the synthetic procedures and the performed in vitro and in vivo bioassays is presented, highlighting the most active compounds in each series.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M. Anghinoni
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.M.A.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Paloma T. Birmann
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Marcia J. da Rocha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Caroline S. Gomes
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.M.A.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Michael J. Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Building 12.6, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - César A. Brüning
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.M.A.); (C.S.G.)
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Al-Tantawy SM, Eraky SM, Eissa LA. Promising renoprotective effect of gold nanoparticles and dapagliflozin in diabetic nephropathy via targeting miR-192 and miR-21. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23430. [PMID: 37352119 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a worldwide issue that eventually leads to end-stage renal failure, with limited therapeutic options. Prior research has revealed that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have a substantial antidiabetic impact. In addition, sodium-glucose cotransporter2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including dapagliflozin (DAPA), had renoprotective impact on DN. Therefore, this research attempted to determine the potential AuNPs and DAPA impacts in ameliorating experimentally DN induction and the underlying mechanisms focusing on miR-192 and miR-21, correlating them with autophagy, apoptosis, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Diabetes induction was through a single intraperitoneal streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) injection, and rats with diabetes received AuNPs (2.5 mg/kg/day) as well as DAPA (2 mg/kg/day) for 7 weeks as a treatment. AuNPs and DAPA treatment for 7 weeks substantially alleviated DN. AuNPs and DAPA significantly increased catalase (CAT) activity as well as serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), along with a substantial decline in malondialdehyde (MDA). AuNPs and DAPA treatment alleviated renal fibrosis as they decreased transforming growth factorß1(TGF-ß1) as well as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) renal expression, decreased apoptosis through alleviating the proapoptotic gene (caspase-3) renal expression and increased the antiapoptotic gene (Bcl-2) renal expression, and increased autophagy as they increased LC-3 as well as Beclin-1 renal expression. Autophagy activation, inhibition of apoptosis, and renal fibrosis could be due to their inhibitory impact on miR-192 and miR-21 renal expression. AuNPs and DAPA have a protective effect on DN in rats by targeting miR-192 and miR-21 and their downstream pathways, including fibrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M Al-Tantawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salma M Eraky
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Laila A Eissa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Khan A, Shal B, Khan AU, Baig MW, Haq IU, Khan S. Withametelin, a steroidal lactone, isolated from datura innoxa attenuates STZ-induced diabetic neuropathic pain in rats through inhibition of NF-kB/MAPK signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113742. [PMID: 36958385 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus characterized by symmetrical pain and sensory abnormalities. A steroidal lactone isolated from the datura innoxa plant, withametelin (WMT), exhibited significant neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The current study aimed to investigate anti-neuropathic pain activity and the molecular mechanism of WMT against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic neuropathy. Rats were given a single injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) for induction of diabetes on the first day of the study. After the onset of diabetic neuropathy, pregabalin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and WMT (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) treatments were started from day 14 up to day 42. It was found that STZ-induced neuropathic pain behaviors were markedly reduced by WMT. It inhibited the STZ-associated histopathological changes and genotoxicity in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord. Additionally, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results revealed that STZ-induced alterations in the biochemical components of the sciatic nerve's myelin sheath were inhibited by WMT. In the spinal cord, it markedly reduced the immunoreactivity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling components such as p38-MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase (ERK), and activator-protein 1 (AP-1). It also reduced the expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The production of inflammatory cytokines was considerably reduced by WMT. This study provides convincing evidence that WMT treatment attenuated STZ-induced diabetic neuropathic pain by inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; DHQ Teaching Hospital Timergara, Lower Dir, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Waleed Baig
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Akaras N, Gur C, Kucukler S, Kandemir FM. Zingerone reduces sodium arsenite-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and histopathological changes. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 374:110410. [PMID: 36822304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is widely available in the environment and arsenic toxicity is a public health problem of serious concern worldwide. Zingerone is a promising phytochemical with various pharmacological effects. In this study, the potential protective effect of zingerone against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2, SA) induced nephrotoxicity was investigated. Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five different groups as control, zingerone, SA, SA + zingerone 25, SA + zingerone 50. SA was administered alone at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 14 days or given 30 min before zingerone (25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) treatment. At the end of the experiment, the kidney tissues was examined biochemically, molecularly and microscopically. SA toxicity was associated with increased malondialdehyde level, whereas glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were decreased. Administration of SA caused inflammation in the kidney tissue by upregulation of NF-κB and IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2, MAPK14, MAPK15, JNK. SA administration caused apoptosis in the kidney by upregulating caspase-3 and Bax levels and downregulating Bcl-2, and autophagy by activating beclin-1. Also, SA administration showed a suppressive effect on AKT2 and FOXO1 mRNA transcript levels. All these factors impair kidney function and increase creatinine and urea levels, resulting in pathological changes and a decrease in nephrin. Treatment with zingerone at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg significantly reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in kidney tissue. In addition, it was confirmed by histological evaluation as well as serum urea and creatinine levels that kidney damage due to SA toxicity can be modulated by zingerone administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhan Akaras
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Cihan Gur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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Fareed SA, Yousef EM, Abd El-Moneam SM. Assessment of Effects of Rosemary Essential Oil on the Kidney Pathology of Diabetic Adult Male Albino Rats. Cureus 2023; 15:e35736. [PMID: 37016650 PMCID: PMC10067024 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy is a severe condition that causes persistent kidney problems and chronic renal failure. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L) is widely recognized for its antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, hepatoprotective, and anticancer activities. The current study evaluated rosemary essential oil (REO) effects on biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical kidney alterations in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and compared these effects with those of insulin and both combined. Methods We randomly distributed 36 adult albino rats into 6 groups: normal control (non-diabetic), diabetic (streptozotocin, 55 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), diabetic insulin-treated (Lantus insulin 2 units/day, SC), diabetic REO-treated (REO, 10 ml, nasogastric gavage), and diabetic insulin & REO-treated groups. Biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted. Results The diabetic group revealed a substantial increase in blood glucose, urea, creatinine, and uric acid, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) concentrations in kidney homogenates, high score of tubular injury, and increased glomerulosclerosis, along with marked reduction of total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) when compared to control. Evident improvement was detected in rats treated with REO as it demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-proliferative, and mild anti-hyperglycemic effects on diabetic rats, reducing the kidney damage caused by diabetes. Combined insulin and REO restored normal blood glucose, renal excretory function tests, antioxidant markers, and renal cortex histology. Conclusion The data presented in the current study's in vivo animal model suggests that REO supplementation has beneficial nephroprotective effects on the structural and, to a lesser extent, functional levels of diabetic rats. Furthermore, the detected nephroprotective effects of insulin and REO combined are superior to those of either administered alone. However, further studies are needed to evaluate these conclusions in humans further.
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Lighting Up the Organochalcogen Synthesis: A Concise Update of Recent Photocatalyzed Approaches. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the recent advances in photocatalyzed reactions to form new carbon–sulfur and carbon–selenium bonds. With a total of 136 references, of which 81 articles are presented, the authors introduce in five sections an updated picture of the state of the art in the light-promoted synthesis of organochalcogen compounds (from 2019 to present). The light-promoted synthesis of sulfides by direct sulfenylation of C–C π-bonds; synthesis of sulfones; the activation of Csp2–N bond in the formation of Csp2–S bonds; synthesis of thiol ester, thioether and thioacetal; and the synthesis of organoselenium compounds are discussed, with detailed reaction conditions and selected examples for each protocol.
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Yan J, Liu M, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Chen Q, Yang Y, Hu M, Yu H. Deuterohemin-Ala-His-Thr-Val-Glu-Lys (DhHP-6) Mimicking Enzyme as Synergistic Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Material for Periodontitis Therapy. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040240. [PMID: 36546940 PMCID: PMC9775017 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by plaque microorganisms. In the clinic, antibiotic assistant periodontal mechanical therapy is the most effective therapy for the treatment of periodontitis. However, the drug resistance of the antibiotics and the repeated coming and diminishing of the disorder of oxidation-reduction balance in the inflammatory tissue could not meet the high requirements for periodontic health control in long periods. Deuterohemin-ala-his-thr-val-glu-lys (DhHP-6) is a biomimetic oxidase-mimicking enzyme that simulates the reactive oxygen radical scavenger function of heme by synthesizing the new molecular material following the key structure and amino acid sequence of heme. In this article, we report the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of DhHP-6 by building a inflammatory model for human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) stimulated by lipolysaccharide (LPS) and its effects on periodontitis in Wistar rats. DhHP-6 reduced the oxidative stress of HGFs by increasing the amount of the reductase species of glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) while decreasing the amount of oxidase species of malonaldehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). DhHP-6 had a dose-dependent protective effect on alveolar bone absorption in rats with periodontitis, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and reduced inflammation. As determined by Micro-CT scanning, DhHP-6 reduced alveolar bone loss and improved the bone structure of the left maxillary first molar of rats. There were no obvious morphological and histological differences in the rat organs with or without DhHP-6 treatment. These results suggest that DhHP-6 can be used to treat periodontitis by increasing the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants in systemic and local tissues, thereby reducing levels of oxidation products and cyto-inflammatory factors. The synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DhHP-6 suggest that there are promising applications of this biomimetic enzyme molecular material for the next generation of agents for periodontitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Min Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yimeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Min Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huimei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence:
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Diphenyl Diselenide Alleviates Tert-Butyl Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911215. [PMID: 36232514 PMCID: PMC9570341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation play key roles in the onset and development of diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) is a stable and simple organic selenium compound with anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities. Nevertheless, in vitro, the role and molecular mechanism of DPDS on DN remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of DPDS on tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in rat glomerular mesangial (HBZY-1) cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. DPDS attenuated t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity, concurrent with decreased intracellular ROS and MDA contents and increased SOD activity and GSH content. Moreover, DPDS augmented the protein and mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and GCLC in t-BHP-stimulated HBZY-1 cells. In addition, DPDS suppressed LPS-induced elevations of intracellular content and mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. Furthermore, LPS-induced NFκB activation and high phosphorylation of JNK and ERK1/2 were markedly suppressed by DPDS in HBZY-1 cells. In summary, these data demonstrated that DPDS improves t-BHP-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, and also improves LPS-induced inflammation via inhibition of the NFκB/MAPK pathways in HBZY-1 cells, suggesting that DPDS has the potential to be developed as a candidate for the prevention and treatment of DN.
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Mao YP, Song YM, Pan SW, Li N, Wang WX, Feng BB, Zhang JH. Effect of Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma on the regulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1068555. [PMID: 36589810 PMCID: PMC9794842 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1068555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma (CRPR) has a good hypoglycemic effect. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of CRPR on high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFHSD)- and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice as well as to investigate the involved mechanism. METHODS A T2DM mouse model was generated by combining HFHSD and STZ. After the model was established, normal and model groups received the same volume of normal saline intragastrically, and the negative control group was treated with metformin (200 mg/kg·BW). The low, medium, and high CRPR groups received four consecutive weeks of oral gavage with CRPR doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg·BW, respectively, during the course of the study. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured on a weekly basis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs) were used to evaluate the serum and liver samples. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was utilized to observe the pathological status of the liver and pancreas. Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT. RESULTS Compared to model mice, each treatment group had significantly elevated levels of FBG, total cholesterol (TC), and triacylglycerol (TG) (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly reduced in the treatment groups compared to the model group (P<0.01). Compared to the model group, fasting insulin (FINS) levels were elevated in all groups of CRPR (P<0.05), and there were significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both the low-dose and high-dose CRPR groups (P<0.05). H&E staining indicated that CRPR treatment reduced organ enlargement, improved liver lipid accumulation, and repaired islet injury in T2DM mice. Moreover, WB analysis demonstrated that all CRPR groups significantly upregulated the protein expression of IRS1, p-GSK3β, PI3K, p-Akt and p-FOXO1(P<0.05) as well as significantly downregulated p-IRS1 and FOXO1 protein expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that CRPR effectively improves the metabolic disturbance of lipids, repairs damaged liver tissues, repairs damaged pancreatic tissues, and reduces insulin resistance (IR) in T2DM mice. The mechanism of action may be associated with upregulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibition of IRS1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-po Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-ming Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng-wang Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-xiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin-bin Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Bin-bin Feng, ; Jian-hai Zhang,
| | - Jian-hai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Bin-bin Feng, ; Jian-hai Zhang,
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Alatawi KA, Alshubaily FA. Coconut products alleviate hyperglycaemic, hyperlipidimic and nephropathy indices in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4224-4231. [PMID: 34354403 PMCID: PMC8324991 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and one of the most common metabolic diseases affecting large proportion of world population. Diabetes-induced changes in lipid and renal parameters are major risk factors contributing to diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Due to adverse effects associated with pharmacological intervention in the T2DM treatment, there is an increased interest in the research focussing on identifying novel plant based therapeutic agents. Here we report the effects of various coconut products on diabetic, lipid and renal parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats demonstrated a significant increase in serum glucose, and glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c). Lipid parameters including triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-cholesterol) were found to be significantly increased, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) was significantly declined in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats also displayed increased serum and kidney creatinine, urea, and total protein levels and increased urine glucose, urea, albumin and creatinine levels. Contrastingly, treatment with virgin and filtered coconut oils, coconut water and coconut milk resulted in a significant reversal in the levels of above studied parameters in diabetic rats. Further, these coconut products markedly prevented diabetes induced histopathological changes in kidney tissue. Collectively, the data demonstrate the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and renal protective properties of various coconut products and underscore the importance of regular consumption of plant based medicinal products in the treatment of T2DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karemah A. Alatawi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawzia A. Alshubaily
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21533, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Khater SI, Mohamed AAR, Arisha AH, Ebraheim LLM, El-Mandrawy SAM, Nassan MA, Mohammed AT, Abdo SA. Stabilized-chitosan selenium nanoparticles efficiently reduce renal tissue injury and regulate the expression pattern of aldose reductase in the diabetic-nephropathy rat model. Life Sci 2021; 279:119674. [PMID: 34081992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the global alarming prevalent metabolic diseases is Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than other diabetes and sustains a substantial burden on public and healthcare systems. This study attempts to endeavor the beneficial effect of chitosan stabilized nanoparticles Ch-SeNPs on combating diabetic nephropathy (DN) after induction of T2DM in rats (DN.STZ-induced T2D). High-fat diet (HFD) and STZ were used for the induction of T2DM in rats, and then they were treated with either metformin alone (MEF) (500 mg/kg b.wt.) or combined with (Ch-SeNPs) (2 mg Se/kg b.wt.) for eight weeks. The microvascular complications in renal tissue of diabetic rats were pronounced by the prevalence of microalbuminuria and elevated levels of urea, creatinine, and BUN. Pronounced oxidative stress with enhanced inflammatory response. In the urine of diabetic rats, a marked increase in Kim 1, β2-microglobulin, and urinary albumin. Renal morphological alterations were observed in all groups upon induction of T2DM, except for the Ch-SeNPs/MEF group showed noticeable improvements. The expression levels of Aldo-keto reductase AKr1B1, profibrotic protein transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), nestin, desmin, and vimentin, were up-regulated in the diabetic group. Significant down-regulation of their expression and restored antioxidant capacity was observed in the combined-treated group than single treated ones. Ch-SeNPs helped limit the prevalence of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β while used after T2DM induction by STZ and HFD. Ch-SeNPs/MEF co-therapy could effectively guard the kidneys and reduce the renal tissue injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and restoring glucose hemostasis, which indicates a promising line for treating T2DM nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa I Khater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11865, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa L M Ebraheim
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Shefaa A M El-Mandrawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amany Tharwat Mohammed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt.
| | - Samar Ahmed Abdo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt
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