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Garg M, Gandhi K, Gera P, Jadhav SM, Mohanty B, Gurjar M, Sandupatla B, Gala R, Chaudhari P, Prasad M, Chinnaswamy G, Gota V. Implications of chronic moderate protein-deficiency malnutrition on doxorubicin pharmacokinetics and cardiotoxicity in early post-weaning stage. Life Sci 2024; 350:122765. [PMID: 38830506 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is a common problem in developing countries, and the impact of severe malnutrition on optimal treatment outcomes of chemotherapy in pediatric cancer patients is well documented. However, despite being a more prevalent and distinct entity, moderate malnutrition is until now unexplored for its effects on treatment outcomes. AIMS In this study we aimed to investigate the molecular basis of altered pharmacokinetics and cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin observed in early-life chronic moderate protein deficiency malnutrition. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed an animal model of early-life moderate protein-deficiency malnutrition and validated it using clinical samples. This model was used to study pharmacokinetic and toxicity changes and was further utilized to study the molecular changes in liver and heart to get mechanistic insights. KEY FINDINGS Here we show that moderate protein-deficiency malnutrition in weanling rats causes changes in drug disposition in the liver by modification of hepatic ABCC3 and MRP2 transporters through the TNFα signalling axis. Furthermore, malnourished rats in repeat-dose doxorubicin toxicity study showed higher toxicity and mortality. A higher accumulation of doxorubicin in the heart was observed which was associated with alterations in cardiac metabolic pathways and increased cardiotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicate that moderate malnutrition causes increased susceptibility towards toxic side effects of chemotherapy. These results may necessitate further investigations and new guidelines on the dosing of chemotherapy in moderately malnourished pediatric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Garg
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | - Khushboo Gandhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Poonam Gera
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India; Biorepository, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Shraddha Mahesh Jadhav
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Bhabani Mohanty
- Department of Comparative Oncology and Small Animal Imaging Facility, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Murari Gurjar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya Cancer Centre, Banaras Hindu University Campus, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | | | - Rajul Gala
- Paediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India; Department of Comparative Oncology and Small Animal Imaging Facility, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Maya Prasad
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India; Paediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Girish Chinnaswamy
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India; Paediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India.
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Walker KE, Pasternak JA, Jones A, Mulligan MK, Van Goor A, Harding JCS, Lunney JK. Gene expression in heart, kidney, and liver identifies possible mechanisms underpinning fetal resistance and susceptibility to in utero PRRSV infection. Vet Microbiol 2024; 295:110154. [PMID: 38959808 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the costliest diseases to pork producers worldwide. We tested samples from the pregnant gilt model (PGM) to better understand the fetal response to in-utero PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection. Our goal was to identify critical tissues and genes associated with fetal resilience or susceptibility. Pregnant gilts (N=22) were infected with PRRSV on day 86 of gestation. At 21 days post maternal infection, the gilts and fetuses were euthanized, and fetal tissues collected. Fetuses were characterized for PRRS viral load in fetal serum and thymus, and preservation status (viable or meconium stained: VIA or MEC). Fetuses (N=10 per group) were compared: uninfected (UNIF; <1 log/µL PRRSV RNA), resilient (HV_VIA, >5 log virus/µL but viable), and susceptible (HV_MEC, >5 log virus/µL with MEC). Gene expression in fetal heart, kidney, and liver was investigated using NanoString transcriptomics. Gene categories investigated were hypothesized to be involved in fetal response to PRRSV infection: renin- angiotensin-aldosterone, inflammatory, transporter and metabolic systems. Following PRRSV infection, CCL5 increased expression in heart and kidney, and ACE2 decreased expression in kidney, each associated with fetal PRRS susceptibility. Liver revealed the most significant differential gene expression: CXCL10 decreased and IL10 increased indicative of immune suppression. Increased liver gene expression indicated potential associations with fetal PRRS susceptibility on several systems including blood pressure regulation (AGTR1), energy metabolism (SLC16A1 and SLC16A7), tissue specific responses (KL) and growth modulation (TGFB1). Overall, analyses of non-lymphoid tissues provided clues to mechanisms of fetal compromise following maternal PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Walker
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States; Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - J A Pasternak
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - A Jones
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine program, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada, West Indies
| | - M K Mulligan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - A Van Goor
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - J C S Harding
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - J K Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States.
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Caturano A, Galiero R, Vetrano E, Sardu C, Rinaldi L, Russo V, Monda M, Marfella R, Sasso FC. Insulin-Heart Axis: Bridging Physiology to Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8369. [PMID: 39125938 PMCID: PMC11313400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling is vital for regulating cellular metabolism, growth, and survival pathways, particularly in tissues such as adipose, skeletal muscle, liver, and brain. Its role in the heart, however, is less well-explored. The heart, requiring significant ATP to fuel its contractile machinery, relies on insulin signaling to manage myocardial substrate supply and directly affect cardiac muscle metabolism. This review investigates the insulin-heart axis, focusing on insulin's multifaceted influence on cardiac function, from metabolic regulation to the development of physiological cardiac hypertrophy. A central theme of this review is the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and its profound implications for cardiac health. We discuss the intricate molecular mechanisms by which insulin signaling modulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism in cardiomyocytes, emphasizing its pivotal role in maintaining cardiac energy homeostasis. Insulin resistance disrupts these processes, leading to significant cardiac metabolic disturbances, autonomic dysfunction, subcellular signaling abnormalities, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These factors collectively contribute to the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance is linked to hypertrophy, fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and systolic heart failure, exacerbating the risk of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Understanding the insulin-heart axis is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to mitigate the cardiovascular complications associated with insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.G.); (E.V.); (C.S.); (R.M.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.G.); (E.V.); (C.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.G.); (E.V.); (C.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.G.); (E.V.); (C.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.G.); (E.V.); (C.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (R.G.); (E.V.); (C.S.); (R.M.)
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Meneses-Valdés R, Gallero S, Henríquez-Olguín C, Jensen TE. Exploring NADPH oxidases 2 and 4 in cardiac and skeletal muscle adaptations - A cross-tissue comparison. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:296-305. [PMID: 39069268 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Striated muscle cells, encompassing cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle fibers, are fundamental to athletic performance, facilitating blood circulation and coordinated movement through contraction. Despite their distinct functional roles, these muscle types exhibit similarities in cytoarchitecture, protein expression, and excitation-contraction coupling. Both muscle types also undergo molecular remodeling in energy metabolism and cell size in response to acute and repeated exercise stimuli to enhance exercise performance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms 2 and 4 have emerged as signaling molecules that regulate exercise adaptations. This review systematically compares NOX2 and NOX4 expression, regulation, and roles in cardiac and skeletal muscle responses across exercise modalities. We highlight the many gaps in our knowledge and opportunities to let future skeletal muscle research into NOX-dependent mechanisms be inspired by cardiac muscle studies and vice versa. Understanding these processes could enhance the development of exercise routines to optimize human performance and health strategies that capitalize on the advantages of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Meneses-Valdés
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Samantha Gallero
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
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Audira G, Lee JS, Vasquez RD, Roldan MJM, Lai YH, Hsiao CD. Assessments of carbon nanotubes toxicities in zebrafish larvae using multiple physiological and molecular endpoints. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 392:110925. [PMID: 38452846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become one of the most promising materials for the technology industry. However, due to the extensive usage of these materials, they may be released into the environment, and cause toxicities to the organism. Here, their acute toxicities in zebrafish embryos and larvae were evaluated by using various assessments that may provide us with a novel perspective on their effects on aquatic animals. Before conducting the toxicity assessments, the CNTs were characterized as multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which improved their solubility and dispersibility. Based on the results, abnormalities in zebrafish behaviors were observed in the exposed groups, indicated by a reduction in tail coiling frequency and alterations in the locomotion as the response toward photo and vibration stimuli that might be due to the disruption in the neuromodulatory system and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by MWCNTs. Next, based on the respiratory rate assay, exposed larvae consumed more oxygen, which may be due to the injuries in the larval gill by the MWCNTs. Finally, even though no irregularity was observed in the exposed larval cardiac rhythm, abnormalities were shown in their cardiac physiology and blood flow with significant downregulation in several cardiac development-related gene expressions. To sum up, although the following studies are necessary to understand the exact mechanism of their toxicity, the current study demonstrated the environmental implications of MWCNTs in particularly low concentrations and short-term exposure, especially to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Audira
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Shing Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, 900391, Taiwan
| | - Ross D Vasquez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1015, Philippines; Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1015, Philippines; The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1015, Philippines
| | - Marri Jmelou M Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila, 1015, Philippines
| | - Yu-Heng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Center of Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan.
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Kwakye-Nuako G, Middleton CE, McCall LI. Small molecule mediators of host-T. cruzi-environment interactions in Chagas disease. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012012. [PMID: 38457443 PMCID: PMC10923493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Small molecules (less than 1,500 Da) include major biological signals that mediate host-pathogen-microbiome communication. They also include key intermediates of metabolism and critical cellular building blocks. Pathogens present with unique nutritional needs that restrict pathogen colonization or promote tissue damage. In parallel, parts of host metabolism are responsive to immune signaling and regulated by immune cascades. These interactions can trigger both adaptive and maladaptive metabolic changes in the host, with microbiome-derived signals also contributing to disease progression. In turn, targeting pathogen metabolic needs or maladaptive host metabolic changes is an important strategy to develop new treatments for infectious diseases. Trypanosoma cruzi is a single-celled eukaryotic pathogen and the causative agent of Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease associated with cardiac and intestinal dysfunction. Here, we discuss the role of small molecules during T. cruzi infection in its vector and in the mammalian host. We integrate these findings to build a theoretical interpretation of how maladaptive metabolic changes drive Chagas disease and extrapolate on how these findings can guide drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Kwakye-Nuako
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Caitlyn E. Middleton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Laura-Isobel McCall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Ortiz-Román MI, Casiano-Muñiz IM, Román-Velázquez FR. Ecotoxicological Effects of TiO 2 P25 Nanoparticles Aqueous Suspensions on Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Eleutheroembryos. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:373. [PMID: 38392747 PMCID: PMC10893039 DOI: 10.3390/nano14040373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Among nanoparticles (NPs), titanium dioxide is one of the most highly manufactured worldwide and widely used in multiple products for both industrial use and personal care products. This increases the probability of release into aquatic environments, potentially affecting these ecosystems. The present study aimed to evaluate TiO2 P25 NP toxicity in zebrafish embryos and eleutheroembryos by evaluating LC50, hatching rate, embryo development, and chemical analysis of the TiO2 concentration accumulated in eleutheroembryo tissues. Zebrafish embryos ~2 h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to 75, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/L TiO2 P25 NPs for 48 and 96 h. A total of 40-60 embryos were placed in each Petri dish for the respective treatments. Three replicates were used for each treatment group. Ti4+ concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and a conversion factor was used to calculate the TiO2 concentrations in the tissues. The highest calculated concentrations of TiO2 in zebrafish larvae were 1.0199 mg/L after 48 h and 1.2679 mg/L after 96 h of exposure. The toxicological results indicated that these NPs did not have a significant effect on the mortality and hatching of zebrafish embryos but did have an effect on their development. LC20 and LC30 were determined experimentally, and LC50 and LC80 were estimated using four different methods. Up to 11% of embryos also presented physical malformations. These effects can be detrimental to a species and affect ecosystems. Physical malformations were observed in all treatments, indicating teratogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa I. Ortiz-Román
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus, Mayaguez, PR 00681, USA;
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Chen H, Zhao Y, Zhao T, Li Y, Ren B, Liang H, Liang H. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes enhance the toxicity effects of dibutyl phthalate on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio): Research in physiological, biochemical and molecular aspects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165684. [PMID: 37482360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers. PAEs are ubiquitous in natural water bodies, with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) being one of the most common PAEs. DBP is prone to leaching or migration into the environment, posing serious health and environmental risks. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used in various fields with the rapid development of nanotechnology. CNTs could alter the environmental behavior and toxicity of co-existing pollutants. CNTs have been shown to rapidly adsorb PEAs. However, current knowledge about the effects of CNTs on DBP toxicity is limited. Here we show that the toxic effects of single and combined exposure to DBP (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L) and different CNTs (MWCNTs/MWCNTs-COOH, 0.5 mg/L) on the early growth stage of zebrafish. The results suggested that a significant increase in heart rate and heart malformation rate was observed after co-exposure of DBP and MWCNTs/MWCNTs-COOH (p < 0.05). Furthermore, combined exposure increased antioxidant enzyme activity during early developmental stages in zebrafish (p < 0.05). The qRT-PCR results revealed that DBP and MWCNTs/MWCNTs-COOH co-exposure significantly interfered with the expression of genes related to oxidative stress, energy metabolism, development of cardiac function, and apoptosis (p < 0.05). In addition, for oxidative stress and cardiotoxicity, MWCNTs/MWCNTs-COOH aggravated the toxic effects of 0.5 mg/L DBP on embryos/larvae. The metabolomics results showed that co-exposure mitigated the disturbance of amino acid metabolism mediated by single DBP exposure. In general, MWCNTs/MWCNTs-COOH increased the impact of DBP in the early developmental stages of zebrafish. This study provides new insights into the toxicology of early developmental stages of aquatic organisms exposed to co-exist pollutants of DBP and CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuexing Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Hanlin Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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Ouyang J, Wang H, Huang J. The role of lactate in cardiovascular diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:317. [PMID: 37924124 PMCID: PMC10623854 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases pose a major threat worldwide. Common cardiovascular diseases include acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure, atrial fibrillation (AF) and atherosclerosis. Glycolysis process often has changed during these cardiovascular diseases. Lactate, the end-product of glycolysis, has been overlooked in the past but has gradually been identified to play major biological functions in recent years. Similarly, the role of lactate in cardiovascular disease is gradually being recognized. Targeting lactate production, regulating lactate transport, and modulating circulating lactate levels may serve as potential strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future. The purpose of this review is to integrate relevant clinical and basic research on the role of lactate in the pathophysiological process of cardiovascular disease in recent years to clarify the important role of lactate in cardiovascular disease and to guide further studies exploring the role of lactate in cardiovascular and other diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Jiangnan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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John S, Calmettes G, Xu S, Ribalet B. Real-time resolution studies of the regulation of pyruvate-dependent lactate metabolism by hexokinases in single cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286660. [PMID: 37917627 PMCID: PMC10621844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate is a mitochondrial substrate for many tissues including neuron, muscle, skeletal and cardiac, as well as many cancer cells, however little is known about the processes that regulate its utilization in mitochondria. Based on the close association of Hexokinases (HK) with mitochondria, and the known cardio-protective role of HK in cardiac muscle, we have investigated the regulation of lactate and pyruvate metabolism by hexokinases (HKs), utilizing wild-type HEK293 cells and HEK293 cells in which the endogenous HKI and/or HKII have been knocked down to enable overexpression of wild type and mutant HKs. To assess the real-time changes in intracellular lactate levels the cells were transfected with a lactate specific FRET probe. In the HKI/HKII double knockdown cells, addition of extracellular pyruvate caused a large and sustained decrease in lactate. This decrease was rapidly reversed upon inhibition of the malate aspartate shuttle by aminooxyacetate, or inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative respiration by NaCN. These results suggest that in the absence of HKs, pyruvate-dependent activation of the TCA cycle together with the malate aspartate shuttle facilitates lactate transformation into pyruvate and its utilization by mitochondria. With replacement by overexpression of HKI or HKII the cellular response to pyruvate and NaCN was modified. With either hexokinase present, both the decrease in lactate due to the addition of pyruvate and the increase following addition of NaCN were either transient or suppressed altogether. Blockage of the pentose phosphate pathway with the inhibitor 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), abolished the effects of HK replacement. These results suggest that blocking of the malate aspartate shuttle by HK may involve activation of the pentose phosphate pathway and increased NADPH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott John
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Calmettes
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Shili Xu
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) 2151, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Bernard Ribalet
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Biagini D, Pugliese NR, Vivaldi FM, Ghimenti S, Lenzi A, De Angelis F, Ripszam M, Bruderer T, Armenia S, Cappeli F, Taddei S, Masi S, Francesco FD, Lomonaco T. Breath analysis combined with cardiopulmonary exercise testing and echocardiography for monitoring heart failure patients: the AEOLUS protocol. J Breath Res 2023; 17:046006. [PMID: 37524075 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/acec08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the AEOLUS pilot study which combines breath analysis with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and an echocardiographic examination for monitoring heart failure (HF) patients. Ten consecutive patients with a prior clinical diagnosis of HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were prospectively enrolled together with 15 control patients with cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, type II diabetes or chronic ischemic heart disease. Breath samples were collected at rest and during CPET coupled with exercise stress echocardiography (CPET-ESE) protocol by means of needle trap micro-extraction and were analyzed through gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The protocol also involved using of a selected ion flow tube mass spectrometer for a breath-by-breath isoprene and acetone analysis during exercise. At rest, HF patients showed increased breath levels of acetone and pentane, which are related to altered oxidation of fatty acids and oxidative stress, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between acetone and the gold standard biomarker NT-proBNP in plasma (r= 0.646,p< 0.001), both measured at rest. During exercise, some exhaled volatiles (e.g., isoprene) mirrored ventilatory and/or hemodynamic adaptation, whereas others (e.g., sulfide compounds and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone) depended on their origin. At peak effort, acetone levels in HF patients differed significantly from those of the control group, suggesting an altered myocardial and systemic metabolic adaptation to exercise for HF patients. These preliminary data suggest that concomitant acquisition of CPET-ESE and breath analysis is feasible and might provide additional clinical information on the metabolic maladaptation of HF patients to exercise. Such information may refine the identification of patients at higher risk of disease worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola R Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico M Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matyas Ripszam
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tobias Bruderer
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Armenia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Cappeli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Ren B, Liang H, Li L, Li Y, Liang H, Zhao T, Chen H, Zhao Y. Enantioselective toxic effects of the novel chiral antifungal agrochemical penthiopyrad in the early life stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110252. [PMID: 36347316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Penthiopyrad was extensively applied in agricultural production, however, the toxicities information of the penthiopyrad enantiomers on early life stages of aquatic organism were limited. This study investigated the enantioselective toxicity of penthiopyrad on the early life stage of zebrafish by acute toxicity, sublethal toxic effects and the mRNA relative expression levels of genes related to succinate dehydrogenase, cardiac development, and lipid metabolism. The results showed that the 96-h-LC50 of penthiopyrad racemate and enantiomers to zebrafish embryos were Rac-: 2.784 mg/L; R-(-)-: 3.528 mg/L; S-(+)-: 1.882 mg/L. Penthiopyrad exposure induced autonomous movement abnormalities, slowed heart rate and delayed hatching in zebrafish embryos, and caused developmental toxic effects such as pericardial edema and yolk sac edema. The mRNA relative expression levels results showed that penthiopyrad exposure induced significant enantioselectivity effect for the expression of the Sdha, Pr1 and Nkx2.5 with a 1.94-4.98-fold difference between different enantiomers, and significantly affected succinate dehydrogenase (energy metabolism), lipid metabolism and cardiac development-related genes expression. In general, S-(+)-penthiopyrad induced higher toxic effects in zebrafish embryos, and mitochondrial dysfunction may be an important cause of abnormal development. This study contributed to improve the comprehensive risk assessment and enantiomeric research system of penthiopyrad to early life stage of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China; Environmental Testing Center of Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Li Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - YanHong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hanlin Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Haiyue Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yuexing Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
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13
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García-Carrizo F, Galmés S, Picó C, Palou A, Rodríguez AM. Supplementation with the Prebiotic High-Esterified Pectin Improves Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Biomarker Profile, Counteracting Metabolic Malprogramming. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13200-13211. [PMID: 36214580 PMCID: PMC9585587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with the prebiotic pectin is associated with beneficial health effects. We aimed to characterize the cardioprotective actions of chronic high-esterified pectin (HEP) supplementation (10%) in a model of metabolic malprogramming in rats, prone to obesity and associated disorders: the progeny of mild calorie-restricted dams during the first half of pregnancy. Results show that pectin supplementation reverses metabolic malprogramming associated with gestational undernutrition. In this sense, HEP supplementation improved blood pressure, reduced heart lipid content, and regulated cardiac gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and lipid metabolism-related genes. Moreover, it caused an elevation in circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 and a higher expression of its co-receptor β-klotho in the heart. Most effects are correlated with the gut levels of beneficial bacteria promoted by HEP. Therefore, chronic HEP supplementation shows cardioprotective actions, and hence, it is worth considering as a strategy to prevent programmed cardiometabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco García-Carrizo
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics,
Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Department
of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition (ADE), German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), 14558 Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Sebastià Galmés
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics,
Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología
de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics,
Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología
de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics,
Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología
de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics,
Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología
de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Beneficial Effects of RNS60 in Cardiac Ischemic Injury. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4877-4887. [PMID: 36286046 PMCID: PMC9600597 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNS60 is a physically modified saline solution hypothesized to contain oxygen nanobubbles. It has been reported to reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury in a pig model of acute myocardial infarction. We investigated the effects of RNS60 during cardiac hypoxia in mice and as an additive to cardioplegic solution in rat hearts. ApoE−/−LDLr−/− mice were treated by intravenous injection of RNS60 or saline as a control while monitoring the ECG and post-hypoxic serum release of troponin T and creatine kinase activity. Hearts infused with Custodiol containing 10% RNS60 or saline as the control were subjected to 4 h of 4 °C preservation, followed by an assessment of myocardial metabolites, purine release, and mechanical function. RNS60 attenuated changes in the ECG STU area during hypoxia, while the troponin T concentration and creatine kinase activity were significantly higher in the serum of the controls. During reperfusion after 4 h of cold ischemia, the Custodiol/RNS60-treated hearts had about 30% lower LVEDP and better dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin together with a decreased release of purine catabolites vs. the controls. The myocardial ATP, total adenine nucleotides, and phosphocreatine concentrations were higher in the RNS60-treated hearts. This study indicates that RNS60 enhances cardioprotection in experimental myocardial hypoxia and under conditions of cardioplegic arrest. Improved cardiac energetics are involved in the protective effect, but complete elucidation of the mechanism requires further study.
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15
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Harnessing conserved signaling and metabolic pathways to enhance the maturation of functional engineered tissues. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:44. [PMID: 36057642 PMCID: PMC9440900 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell types offers promise for basic science, drug testing, disease modeling, personalized medicine, and translatable cell therapies across many tissue types. However, in practice many iPSC-derived cells have presented as immature in physiological function, and despite efforts to recapitulate adult maturity, most have yet to meet the necessary benchmarks for the intended tissues. Here, we summarize the available state of knowledge surrounding the physiological mechanisms underlying cell maturation in several key tissues. Common signaling consolidators, as well as potential synergies between critical signaling pathways are explored. Finally, current practices in physiologically relevant tissue engineering and experimental design are critically examined, with the goal of integrating greater decision paradigms and frameworks towards achieving efficient maturation strategies, which in turn may produce higher-valued iPSC-derived tissues.
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16
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Zhu L, Wang C, Jiang H, Zhang L, Mao L, Zhang Y, Qi S, Liu X. Quizalofop-P-ethyl induced developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity in early life stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113596. [PMID: 35526453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quizalofop-P-ethyl (QpE), a highly efficient selective herbicide, has good control effect on annual and perennial weeds. However, its excessive use will pose a threat to the ecological environment. QpE has been proven harmful to aquatic organisms, but there is little evidence on the adverse effects of QpE in the early life of aquatic organisms. In this work, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were treated with 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 mg/L of QpE for 120 h. The findings revealed that the LC50 value of QpE to zebrafish embryos was 0.23 mg/L at 96 hpf. QpE exposure significantly increased the mortality rate, decreased the hatching rate and caused morphological defects during zebrafish embryonic development, with a concentration dependent manner. QpE also caused severe morphological changes in the cardiovascular system, as well as resulted in a dysfunction in cardiovascular performance. Meanwhile, both histopathological examination and neutrophil observations showed inflammatory response occurred in the heart. Furthermore, several genes associated with heart development and inflammation were significantly altered following QpE exposure. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis proved that there was a connection between the changed heart development-relevant and inflammation-related genes. Taken together, our findings suggest that QpE causes cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos by altering the expression of genes in the regulatory network of cardiac development, which might be aggravated by inflammatory reactions, thereby affecting embryo development. These findings generated here are useful for in-depth assessment of the effects of QpE on early development of aquatic organisms and providing theoretical foundation for risk management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Adzigbli L, Sokolov EP, Ponsuksili S, Sokolova IM. Tissue- and substrate-dependent mitochondrial responses to acute hypoxia-reoxygenation stress in a marine bivalve Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793). J Exp Biol 2021; 225:273950. [PMID: 34904172 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major stressor for aquatic organisms, yet intertidal organisms like the oyster Crassostrea gigas are adapted to frequent oxygen fluctuations by metabolically adjusting to shifts in oxygen and substrate availability during hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R). We investigated the effects of acute H/R stress (15 min at ∼0% O2, and 10 min reoxygenation) on isolated mitochondria from the gill and the digestive gland of C. gigas respiring on different substrates (pyruvate, glutamate, succinate, palmitate and their mixtures). Gill mitochondria showed better capacity for amino acid and fatty acid oxidation compared to the mitochondria from the digestive gland. Mitochondrial responses to H/R stress strongly depended on the substrate and the activity state of mitochondria. In mitochondria oxidizing NADH-linked substrates exposure to H/R stress suppressed oxygen consumption and ROS generation in the resting state, whereas in the ADP-stimulated state, ROS production increased despite little change in respiration. As a result, electron leak (measured as H2O2 to O2 ratio) increased after H/R stress in the ADP-stimulated mitochondria with NADH-linked substrates. In contrast, H/R exposure stimulated succinate-driven respiration without an increase in electron leak. Reverse electron transport (RET) did not significantly contribute to succinate-driven ROS production in oyster mitochondria except for a slight increase in the OXPHOS state during post-hypoxic recovery. A decrease in NADH-driven respiration and ROS production, enhanced capacity for succinate oxidation and resistance to RET might assist in post-hypoxic recovery of oysters mitigating oxidative stress and supporting rapid ATP re-synthesis during oxygen fluctuations such as commonly observed in estuaries and intertidal zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Adzigbli
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eugene P Sokolov
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Leibniz Science Campus Phosphorus Research, Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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18
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Li DK, Smith LE, Rookyard AW, Lingam SJ, Koay YC, McEwen HP, Twigg SM, Don AS, O'Sullivan JF, Cordwell SJ, White MY. Multi-omics of a pre-clinical model of diabetic cardiomyopathy reveals increased fatty acid supply impacts mitochondrial metabolic selectivity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 164:92-109. [PMID: 34826416 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing globally, with long-term implications for human health and longevity. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in T2D patients, who display an elevated risk of an acute cardiovascular event and worse outcomes following such an insult. The underlying mechanisms that predispose the diabetic heart to this poor prognosis remain to be defined. This study developed a pre-clinical model (Rattus norvegicus) that complemented caloric excess from a high-fat diet (HFD) and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction from streptozotocin (STZ) to produce hyperglycaemia, peripheral insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia and elevated fat mass to mimic the clinical features of T2D. Ex vivo cardiac function was assessed using Langendorff perfusion with systolic and diastolic contractile depression observed in T2D hearts. Cohorts representing untreated, individual HFD- or STZ-treatments and the combined HFD + STZ approach were used to generate ventricular samples (n = 9 per cohort) for sequential and integrated analysis of the proteome, lipidome and metabolome by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This study found that in T2D hearts, HFD treatment primed the metabolome, while STZ treatment was the major driver for changes in the proteome. Both treatments equally impacted the lipidome. Our data suggest that increases in β-oxidation and early TCA cycle intermediates promoted rerouting via 2-oxaloacetate to glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid and glutathione. Furthermore, we suggest that the T2D heart activates networks to redistribute excess acetyl-CoA towards ketogenesis and incomplete β-oxidation through the formation of short-chain acylcarnitine species. Multi-omics provided a global and comprehensive molecular view of the diabetic heart, which distributes substrates and products from excess β-oxidation, reduces metabolic flexibility and impairs capacity to restore high energy reservoirs needed to respond to and prevent subsequent acute cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond K Li
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Lauren E Smith
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Alexander W Rookyard
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Shivanjali J Lingam
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Yen C Koay
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Australia
| | - Holly P McEwen
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Anthony S Don
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - John F O'Sullivan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Stuart J Cordwell
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Australia; Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Melanie Y White
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
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19
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Dong S, Qian L, Cheng Z, Chen C, Wang K, Hu S, Zhang X, Wu T. Lactate and Myocadiac Energy Metabolism. Front Physiol 2021; 12:715081. [PMID: 34483967 PMCID: PMC8415870 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The myocardium is capable of utilizing different energy substrates, which is referred to as “metabolic flexibility.” This process assures ATP production from fatty acids, glucose, lactate, amino acids, and ketones, in the face of varying metabolic contexts. In the normal physiological state, the oxidation of fatty acids contributes to approximately 60% of energy required, and the oxidation of other substrates provides the rest. The accumulation of lactate in ischemic and hypoxic tissues has traditionally be considered as a by-product, and of little utility. However, recent evidence suggests that lactate may represent an important fuel for the myocardium during exercise or myocadiac stress. This new paradigm drives increasing interest in understanding its role in cardiac metabolism under both physiological and pathological conditions. In recent years, blood lactate has been regarded as a signal of stress in cardiac disease, linking to prognosis in patients with myocardial ischemia or heart failure. In this review, we discuss the importance of lactate as an energy source and its relevance to the progression and management of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuohui Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linhui Qian
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Feicheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Feicheng, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sanyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongzhi Wu
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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20
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Yi-Dan H, Ying-Xin Z, Shi-Wei Y, Yu-Jie Z. High-Energy Phosphates and Ischemic Heart Disease: From Bench to Bedside. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:675608. [PMID: 34395552 PMCID: PMC8355518 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.675608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to bridge the gap between clinical and basic research through providing a comprehensive and concise description of the cellular and molecular aspects of cardioprotective mechanisms and a critical evaluation of the clinical evidence of high-energy phosphates (HEPs) in ischemic heart disease (IHD). According to the well-documented physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological properties of HEPs, exogenous creatine phosphate (CrP) may be considered as an ideal metabolic regulator. It plays cardioprotection roles from upstream to downstream of myocardial ischemia through multiple complex mechanisms, including but not limited to replenishment of cellular energy. Although exogenous CrP administration has not been shown to improve long-term survival, the beneficial effects on multiple secondary but important outcomes and short-term survival are concordant with its pathophysiological and pharmacological effects. There is urgent need for high-quality multicentre RCTs to confirm long-term survival improvement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yi-Dan
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Ying-Xin
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Shi-Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Yu-Jie
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Lin H, Lin F, Yuan J, Cui F, Chen J. Toxic effects and potential mechanisms of Fluxapyroxad to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144519. [PMID: 33482547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluxapyroxad is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide that can control plant fungal pathogens on many crops. However, fluxapyroxad can enter the aquatic environment when applied in the field, which has an impact on the aquatic environment. The potential threat and toxicological mechanisms of fluxapyroxad in aquatic organisms remain poorly understood. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to fluxapyroxad to investigate the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of fluxapyroxad. In the acute toxicity test, the lethal sensitivity rank of the zebrafish during the three stages was larvae (0.699 mg/L) > adult fish (0.913 mg/L) > embryo (1.388 mg/L). Fluxapyroxad induced abnormal spontaneous movement, malformations and decreased heartbeat, hatching percentage, and body length of the embryos. In the sublethal toxicity test, succinate dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased in all treatment groups, while the activities of the electron transport chain complex II and ATPase were markedly inhibited in 0.347 and 0.694 mg/L fluxapyroxad groups compared to that of the control group. Exposure to fluxapyroxad resulted in significant increases in MDA production, and GPx activity was significantly reduced at 0.694 mg/L. Moreover, caspase-3 activity was significantly increased in the 0.694 mg/L group, and the expression of the genes related to growth (bmp4 and lox) was inhibited after fluxapyroxad exposure. These results indicated that oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and mitochondrial damage might be the potential mechanism underlying the toxic effects of fluxapyroxad on zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangrui Lin
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Cui
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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22
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Kostić M, Korićanac G, Tepavčević S, Stanišić J, Romić S, Ćulafić T, Ivković T, Stojiljković M. Low-intensity exercise diverts cardiac fatty acid metabolism from triacylglycerol synthesis to beta oxidation in fructose-fed rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-11. [PMID: 33612014 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1886118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Excessive fructose consumption causes ectopic lipid storage leading to metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases associated with defective substrate utilisation in the heart. OBJECTIVE Examining the preventive impact of low-intensity exercise on alterations related to fructose-rich diet (FRD) on cardiac fatty acid (FA) transport and metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into control and two groups that received 10% fructose for 9 weeks, one of which was additionally exposed to exercise. RESULTS FRD elevated plasma and cardiac TAG, FATP1 in plasma membrane, Lipin 1 in microsomes and HSL mRNA, while mitochondrial CPT1 was decreased. Exercise decreased plasma free FA level, raised CD36 in plasma membrane and FATP1 in lysate, mitochondrial CPT1 and decreased microsomal Lipin 1 in fructose-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS FRD changed plasma lipids and augmented partitioning of FA to TAG storage in the heart, whereas exercise in FRD rats switched metabolism of FA towards β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kostić
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Korićanac
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Tepavčević
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stanišić
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snježana Romić
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Ćulafić
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Ivković
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mojca Stojiljković
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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23
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Cardiac hypoxic resistance and decreasing lactate during maximum apnea in elite breath hold divers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2545. [PMID: 33510292 PMCID: PMC7844051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breath-hold divers (BHD) enduring apnea for more than 4 min are characterized by resistance to release of reactive oxygen species, reduced sensitivity to hypoxia, and low mitochondrial oxygen consumption in their skeletal muscles similar to northern elephant seals. The muscles and myocardium of harbor seals also exhibit metabolic adaptations including increased cardiac lactate-dehydrogenase-activity, exceeding their hypoxic limit. We hypothesized that the myocardium of BHD possesses similar adaptive mechanisms. During maximum apnea 15O-H2O-PET/CT (n = 6) revealed no myocardial perfusion deficits but increased myocardial blood flow (MBF). Cardiac MRI determined blood oxygen level dependence oxygenation (n = 8) after 4 min of apnea was unaltered compared to rest, whereas cine-MRI demonstrated increased left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT). Arterial blood gases were collected after warm-up and maximum apnea in a pool. At the end of the maximum pool apnea (5 min), arterial saturation decreased to 52%, and lactate decreased 20%. Our findings contrast with previous MR studies of BHD, that reported elevated cardiac troponins and decreased myocardial perfusion after 4 min of apnea. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time with 15O-H2O-PET/CT and MRI in elite BHD during maximum apnea, that MBF and LVWT increases while lactate decreases, indicating anaerobic/fat-based cardiac-metabolism similar to diving mammals.
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24
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Evaluation of the potential environmental risk from the destination of medicines: an epidemiological and toxicological study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:61-71. [PMID: 33469801 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high consumption of medicines by the population and their storage at home might cause an increase in the number of pharmaceutical substances that may be inappropriately discarded in the sanitary sewage, reaching an environmental aquatic. Thus, the effects of these emerging contaminants need more studies. OBJECTIVES To identify the profile of most medicines that are discarded by users of community pharmacy and evaluate the toxicity of the most disposed drugs. METHODS This was a translational study. A descriptive observational study was carried out for convenience of community pharmacy users using a standardized questionnaire. Subsequently, the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) for medicine that is most frequently discarded was determined. After LC50, the embryos (n = 144) were exposed to sublethal concentrations for most discarded drug at 24, 48, and 72 h. Mortality, heartbeat, and embryo deformities were used as parameters of toxicity. RESULTS Most respondents (96%) had a "home pharmacy." The primary forms of disposal were in the common household waste, kitchen sink, and/or bathroom. The medicines that were most incorrectly discarded by the interviewees were nimesulide (17.1%), dipyrone (10.7%), and paracetamol (5.2%). LC50 of nimesulide was calculated (0.92 μgmL-1). The toxicological test revealed that embryos exposed to nimesulide showed several abnormalities, such as defects in the spinal cord, tail, yolk sac, as well as pericardial edema. Furthermore, the heartbeat decreased by 30% at a concentration of 0.4 μgmL-1 as compared with control group. The yolk sac and pericardial areas increased to >100% in all treatment groups when compared with the control group. CONCLUSION Respondents disposed medicines in an inappropriate manner primarily in household waste and in the toilet. Nimesulide was the most discarded drug according to study population. Moreover, teratogenic effects such as spinal cord defects, decreasing heartbeats, and increasing pericardial and yolk sac area in embryos were observed after exposure to nimesulide. These results show that nimesulide may promote risk to aquatic organisms and to human health if it is discarded in an unsafe manner.
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25
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van der Pol A, Hoes MF, de Boer RA, van der Meer P. Cardiac foetal reprogramming: a tool to exploit novel treatment targets for the failing heart. J Intern Med 2020; 288:491-506. [PMID: 32557939 PMCID: PMC7687159 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the heart matures during embryogenesis from its foetal stages, several structural and functional modifications take place to form the adult heart. This process of maturation is in large part due to an increased volume and work load of the heart to maintain proper circulation throughout the growing body. In recent years, it has been observed that these changes are reversed to some extent as a result of cardiac disease. The process by which this occurs has been characterized as cardiac foetal reprogramming and is defined as the suppression of adult and re-activation of a foetal genes profile in the diseased myocardium. The reasons as to why this process occurs in the diseased myocardium are unknown; however, it has been suggested to be an adaptive process to counteract deleterious events taking place during cardiac remodelling. Although still in its infancy, several studies have demonstrated that targeting foetal reprogramming in heart failure can lead to substantial improvement in cardiac functionality. This is highlighted by a recent study which found that by modulating the expression of 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH, a novel cardiac foetal gene), cardiac function can be significantly improved in mice exposed to cardiac injury. Additionally, the utilization of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) has demonstrated clear benefits, providing important clinical proof that drugs that increase natriuretic peptide levels (part of the foetal gene programme) indeed improve heart failure outcomes. In this review, we will highlight the most important aspects of cardiac foetal reprogramming and will discuss whether this process is a cause or consequence of heart failure. Based on this, we will also explain how a deeper understanding of this process may result in the development of novel therapeutic strategies in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van der Pol
- From the, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Perioperative Inflammation and Infection Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - M F Hoes
- From the, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R A de Boer
- From the, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P van der Meer
- From the, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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26
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Louwagie EJ, Larsen TD, Wachal AL, Gandy TCT, Eclov JA, Rideout TC, Kern KA, Cain JT, Anderson RH, Mdaki KS, Baack ML. Age and Sex Influence Mitochondria and Cardiac Health in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Glucolipotoxicity. iScience 2020; 23:101746. [PMID: 33225249 PMCID: PMC7666357 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants of diabetic mothers are at risk of cardiomyopathy at birth and myocardial infarction in adulthood, but prevention is hindered because mechanisms remain unknown. We previously showed that maternal glucolipotoxicity increases the risk of cardiomyopathy and mortality in newborn rats through fuel-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we demonstrate ongoing cardiometabolic consequences by cross-fostering and following echocardiography, cardiomyocyte bioenergetics, mitochondria-mediated turnover, and cell death following metabolic stress in aged adults. Like humans, cardiac function improves by weaning with no apparent differences in early adulthood but declines again in aged diabetes-exposed offspring. This is preceded by impaired oxidative phosphorylation, exaggerated age-related increase in mitochondrial number, and higher oxygen consumption. Prenatally exposed male cardiomyocytes have more mitolysosomes indicating high baseline turnover; when exposed to metabolic stress, mitophagy cannot increase and cardiomyocytes have faster mitochondrial membrane potential loss and mitochondria-mediated cell death. Details highlight age- and sex-specific roles of mitochondria in developmentally programmed adult heart disease. Fetal exposures disrupt mitochondria, bioenergetics, & cardiac function at birth First, bioenergetics & function improve until greater reliance on OXPHOS with age At 6MO, poor respiration incites biogenesis & mitophagy, and then functional decline Fetal exposures cause faster mitochondria-mediated cell death in aged adult hearts
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli J Louwagie
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.,Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Tricia D Larsen
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Angela L Wachal
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Tyler C T Gandy
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Julie A Eclov
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Katherine A Kern
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jacob T Cain
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Ruthellen H Anderson
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.,Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Kennedy S Mdaki
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Michelle L Baack
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.,Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.,Boekelheide Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sanford Children's Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD 57117, USA
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27
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Liu S, Dai Z, Cooper DE, Kirsch DG, Locasale JW. Quantitative Analysis of the Physiological Contributions of Glucose to the TCA Cycle. Cell Metab 2020; 32:619-628.e21. [PMID: 32961109 PMCID: PMC7544667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional source for catabolism in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a fundamental question in metabolic physiology. Limited by data and mathematical analysis, controversy exists. Using isotope-labeling data in vivo across several experimental conditions, we construct multiple models of central carbon metabolism and develop methods based on metabolic flux analysis (MFA) to solve for the preferences of glucose, lactate, and other nutrients used in the TCA cycle. We show that in nearly all circumstances, glucose contributes more than lactate as a substrate to the TCA cycle. This conclusion is verified in different animal strains from different studies and different administrations of 13C glucose, and is extended to multiple tissue types. Thus, this quantitative analysis of organismal metabolism defines the relative contributions of nutrient fluxes in physiology, provides a resource for analysis of in vivo isotope tracing data, and concludes that glucose is the major nutrient used in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Liu
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Duke Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ziwei Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniel E Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Duke Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27603, USA.
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28
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Preston CC, Larsen TD, Eclov JA, Louwagie EJ, Gandy TCT, Faustino RS, Baack ML. Maternal High Fat Diet and Diabetes Disrupts Transcriptomic Pathways That Regulate Cardiac Metabolism and Cell Fate in Newborn Rat Hearts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:570846. [PMID: 33042024 PMCID: PMC7527411 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.570846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Children born to diabetic or obese mothers have a higher risk of heart disease at birth and later in life. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, we previously demonstrated that late-gestation diabetes, maternal high fat (HF) diet, and the combination causes distinct fuel-mediated epigenetic reprogramming of rat cardiac tissue during fetal cardiogenesis. The objective of the present study was to investigate the overall transcriptional signature of newborn offspring exposed to maternal diabetes and maternal H diet. Methods: Microarray gene expression profiling of hearts from diabetes exposed, HF diet exposed, and combination exposed newborn rats was compared to controls. Functional annotation, pathway and network analysis of differentially expressed genes were performed in combination exposed and control newborn rat hearts. Further downstream metabolic assessments included measurement of total and phosphorylated AKT2 and GSK3β, as well as quantification of glycolytic capacity by extracellular flux analysis and glycogen staining. Results: Transcriptional analysis identified significant fuel-mediated changes in offspring cardiac gene expression. Specifically, functional pathways analysis identified two key signaling cascades that were functionally prioritized in combination exposed offspring hearts: (1) downregulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activated PI3K/AKT pathway and (2) upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator alpha (PGC1α) mitochondrial biogenesis signaling. Functional metabolic and histochemical assays supported these transcriptome changes, corroborating diabetes- and diet-induced cardiac transcriptome remodeling and cardiac metabolism in offspring. Conclusion: This study provides the first data accounting for the compounding effects of maternal hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia on the developmental cardiac transcriptome, and elucidates nuanced and novel features of maternal diabetes and diet on regulation of heart health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C. Preston
- Genetics and Genomics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Tricia D. Larsen
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Julie A. Eclov
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Eli J. Louwagie
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Tyler C. T. Gandy
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Randolph S. Faustino
- Genetics and Genomics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Michelle L. Baack
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
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29
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Bertrand L, Auquier J, Renguet E, Angé M, Cumps J, Horman S, Beauloye C. Glucose transporters in cardiovascular system in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1385-1399. [PMID: 32809061 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transporters are essential for the heart to sustain its function. Due to its nature as a high energy-consuming organ, the heart needs to catabolize a huge quantity of metabolic substrates. For optimized energy production, the healthy heart constantly switches between various metabolites in accordance with substrate availability and hormonal status. This metabolic flexibility is essential for the maintenance of cardiac function. Glucose is part of the main substrates catabolized by the heart and its use is fine-tuned via complex molecular mechanisms that include the regulation of the glucose transporters GLUTs, mainly GLUT4 and GLUT1. Besides GLUTs, glucose can also be transported by cotransporters of the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) (SLC5 gene) family, in which SGLT1 and SMIT1 were shown to be expressed in the heart. This SGLT-mediated uptake does not seem to be directly linked to energy production but is rather associated with intracellular signalling triggering important processes such as the production of reactive oxygen species. Glucose transport is markedly affected in cardiac diseases such as cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. These alterations are not only fingerprints of these diseases but are involved in their onset and progression. The present review will depict the importance of glucose transport in healthy and diseased heart, as well as proposed therapies targeting glucose transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Bertrand
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Julien Auquier
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edith Renguet
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marine Angé
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Cumps
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Li H, Ma Z, Zhai Y, Lv C, Yuan P, Zhu F, Wei L, Li Q, Qi X. Trimetazidine Ameliorates Myocardial Metabolic Remodeling in Isoproterenol-Induced Rats Through Regulating Ketone Body Metabolism via Activating AMPK and PPAR α. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1255. [PMID: 32922293 PMCID: PMC7457052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic remodeling plays a vital role in the development of heart failure. The trimetazidine can optimize fatty acid and glucose oxidation via inhibition of long-chain 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase in the heart. So, trimetazidine commonly used in cardiovascular therapy as a myocardial metabolic drug. This study was conducted to assess the effects and mechanisms of trimetazidine on ketone body metabolism in heart failure rats. Methods A rat model of heart failure was established by continuous subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol in 10 mg/kg/d. We examined body weight, heart weight index, and tested B-type natriuretic peptide by kit. We detected the structure and function of the heart. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome staining was performed to assess myocardial tissue morphology. To evaluate apoptosis, we used Tunel staining. Metabolic substrate contents of glucose, free fatty acid, ketone bodies, lactic acid, and pyruvate and ATP levels in myocardial tissues were measured with the corresponding kit. We detected the levels of protein expressions related to myocardial substrate uptake and utilization by Western blot. Results Trimetazidine remarkably reduced the heart weight index and B-type natriuretic peptide levels. Besides, trimetazidine increased the level of blood pressure and decreased heart rate. Moreover, trimetazidine inhibited decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening. Further, trimetazidine decreased the levels of collagen volume fraction and promoted ATP production in myocardial tissues. Trimetazidine also reduced the levels of free fatty acid, ketone bodies, lactic acid, and increased glucose and pyruvate levels in myocardial tissues. Furthermore, trimetazidine markedly inhibited apoptosis. More importantly, the protein expression levels related to myocardial substrate uptake and utilization increased dramatically in the trimetazidine group. In particular, the protein expressions related to ketone body utilization were prominent. Conclusions Trimetazidine could attenuate metabolic remodeling and improve cardiac function in heart failure rats. The potential mechanism for the cardioprotective effect of trimetazidine may be highly associated with its regulation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α expressions. Along with the regulation, myocardial substrate utilization was improved, especially the utilization of ketone bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajun Zhai
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Lv
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liping Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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31
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Geraets IME, Glatz JFC, Luiken JJFP, Nabben M. Pivotal role of membrane substrate transporters on the metabolic alterations in the pressure-overloaded heart. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1000-1012. [PMID: 30938418 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pressure overload (PO), such as caused by aortic stenosis and systemic hypertension, commonly results in cardiac hypertrophy and may lead to the development of heart failure. PO-induced heart failure is among the leading causes of death worldwide, but its pathological origin remains poorly understood. Metabolic alterations are proposed to be an important contributor to PO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and failure. While the healthy adult heart mainly uses long-chain fatty acids (FAs) and glucose as substrates for energy metabolism and to a lesser extent alternative substrates, i.e. lactate, ketone bodies, and amino acids (AAs), the pressure-overloaded heart is characterized by a shift in energy metabolism towards a greater reliance on glycolysis and alternative substrates. A key-governing kinetic step of both FA and glucose fluxes is at the level of their substrate-specific membrane transporters. The relative presence of these transporters in the sarcolemma determines the cardiac substrate preference. Whether the cardiac utilization of alternative substrates is also governed by membrane transporters is not yet known. In this review, we discuss current insight into the role of membrane substrate transporters in the metabolic alterations occurring in the pressure-overloaded heart. Given the increasing evidence of a role for alternative substrates in these metabolic alterations, there is an urgent need to disclose the key-governing kinetic steps in their utilization as well. Taken together, membrane substrate transporters emerge as novel targets for metabolic interventions to prevent or treat PO-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilvy M E Geraets
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Hamm W, VON Stülpnagel L, Rizas KD, Vdovin N, Klemm M, Bauer A, Brunner S. Dynamic Changes of Cardiac Repolarization Instability during Exercise Testing. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:1517-1522. [PMID: 30664030 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical exercise triggers efferent cardiac sympathetic activation. Here, we tracked the spatiotemporal properties of cardiac repolarization on a beat-to-beat basis throughout a standardized exercise test and hypothesized a detectable change at the point of the anaerobic threshold (AT). METHODS The study included 20 healthy adults (age 35.3 ± 6.7 yr) undergoing a standardized incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. During exercise testing, high-resolution (2000 Hz) ECG monitoring in Frank lead configuration was performed. Three-dimensional beat-to-beat repolarization instability (dT°) was assessed by a novel vector-based method according to a previously published technology. In parallel, the lactate threshold (LT) was detected according to Dickhuth and Mader. RESULTS We could identify a characteristic pattern of dT° signal during exercise testing. With increasing physical activity, dT° increased concordantly to heart rate. At an average of 164 ± 38 W, dT° and heart rate abruptly showed a discordant behavior, characterized by a transient drop of dT°. The maximal discordance between dT° and heart rate was defined as ATdT° and highly significantly correlated with LTDickhuth (r = 0.841, P < 0.001) and LTMader (r = 0.819, P < 0.001), which were at 156 ± 39 and 172 ± 46 W, respectively. The characteristic of dT° could not be provoked by fast atrial pacing in the absence of exercise. CONCLUSIONS Repolarization instability shows a characteristic pattern during standardized exercise in healthy individuals that allows for a noninvasive estimation of AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Hamm
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, GERMANY.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), GERMANY
| | - Lukas VON Stülpnagel
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, GERMANY.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), GERMANY
| | - Konstantinos D Rizas
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, GERMANY.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), GERMANY
| | - Nikolay Vdovin
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, GERMANY.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), GERMANY
| | - Mathias Klemm
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, GERMANY.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), GERMANY
| | - Axel Bauer
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, GERMANY.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), GERMANY
| | - Stefan Brunner
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, GERMANY
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Mereweather LJ, Montes Aparicio CN, Heather LC. Positioning Metabolism as a Central Player in the Diabetic Heart. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:92-109. [PMID: 32821724 PMCID: PMC7379068 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.1.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes (T2D), the leading cause of death is cardiovascular complications. One mechanism contributing to cardiac pathogenesis is alterations in metabolism, with the diabetic heart exhibiting increased fatty acid oxidation and reduced glucose utilisation. The processes classically thought to underlie this metabolic shift include the Randle cycle and changes to gene expression. More recently, alternative mechanisms have been proposed, most notably, changes in post-translational modification of mitochondrial proteins in the heart. This increased understanding of how metabolism is altered in the diabetic heart has highlighted new therapeutic targets, with an aim to improve cardiac function in T2D. This review focuses on metabolism in the healthy heart and how this is modified in T2D, providing evidence for the mechanisms underlying this shift. There will be emphasis on the current treatments for the heart in diabetes, alongside efforts for metabocentric pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Mereweather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Song K, Zhang Y, Ga Q, Bai Z, Ge RL. Increased Insulin Sensitivity by High-Altitude Hypoxia in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Is Associated with Activated AMPK Signaling and Subsequently Enhanced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscles. Obes Facts 2020; 13:455-472. [PMID: 32966981 PMCID: PMC7670386 DOI: 10.1159/000508112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate whether and how high altitude-associated ambient hypoxia affects insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS Mice were randomly divided into a control group (with normal diet feeding and low-altitude housing), LA/HFD group (with HFD feeding and low-altitude housing), and HA/HFD group (with HFD feeding and high-altitude housing). RESULTS After 8 weeks, mice in the HA/HFD group showed improved insulin sensitivity-related indices compared with the LA/HFD group. In mice residing in a low-altitude region, HFD significantly impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and mitochondrial DNA content in skeletal muscles, which was partially reversed in mice in the HA/HFD group. In addition, the fatty acid oxidation-related enzyme gene CPT1 (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) and genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) were upregulated in the skeletal muscles of mice housed at high altitude, in comparison to in the LA/HFD group. Furthermore, AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) signaling was activated in the skeletal muscles, as evidenced by a higher expression of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and protein kinase B (p-AKT) in the HA/HFD group than in the LA/HFD group. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that high-altitude hypoxia improves insulin sensitivity in mice fed an HFD, which is associated with AMPK activation in the skeletal muscle and consequently enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. This work provides a molecular explanation for why high altitude is associated with a reduced incidence of insulin resistance in the obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Song
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China,
- Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, China,
- Department of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China,
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Qin Ga
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Zhenzhong Bai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, China
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Ciuculete DC, Dobrev D, Dan GA. Prognostic value of biomarkers of impaired metabolism in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2019; 25:100441. [PMID: 31890861 PMCID: PMC6923432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Corina Ciuculete
- University Hospital Colentina, Bucharest, Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - G.-Andrei Dan
- University Hospital Colentina, Bucharest, Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Chen M, Yang Q, Zhuang S, Lv L, Zuo Z, Wang C. Exposure to low-level metalaxyl impacts the cardiac development and function of zebrafish embryos. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 85:1-8. [PMID: 31471016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metalaxyl is an anilide pesticide that is widely used to control plant diseases caused by Peronosporales species. In order to study the toxic effects, zebrafish embryos were exposed to metalaxyl at nominal concentrations of 5, 50 and 500 ng/L for 72 hr, and the cardiac development and functioning of larvae were observed. The results showed that metalaxyl exposure resulted in increased rates of pericardial edema, heart hemorrhage and cardiac malformation. The distance between the sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus, stroke volume, cardiac output and heart rate were significantly increased in larvae exposed to 50 and 500 ng/L metalaxyl compared to solvent control larvae. Significant upregulation in the transcription of tbx5, gata4 and myh6 was observed in the 50 and 500 ng/L treatments, and that of nkx2.5 and myl7 was observed in the 5, 50 and 500 ng/L groups. These disturbances may be related to cardiac developmental and functional defects in the larvae. The activity of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase was significantly increased in zebrafish embryos exposed to 500 ng/L metalaxyl, and the mRNA levels of genes related to ATPase (atp2a11, atp1b2b, and atp1a3b) (in the 50 and 500 ng/L groups) and calcium channels (cacna1ab) (in the 500 ng/L group) were significantly downregulated; these changes might be associated with heart arrhythmia and functional failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Wu
- Wuyi University, College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyishan 354300, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shanshan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liangju Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Zhang X, Li M, Wang H. Astragaloside IV Alleviates the Myocardial Damage Induced by Lipopolysaccharide via the Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB)/Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7158-7168. [PMID: 31545785 PMCID: PMC6775796 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that astragaloside IV (As-IV) can alleviate myocardial damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the anti-inflammatory effects of As-IV following LPS stimulation in mice and H9C2 cardiomyocytes remain unclear. The present study was designed to explore the mechanism of action of As-IV. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: the control group, the LPS group (10 mg/kg), and 3 LPS groups receiving different doses of As-IV (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg). The protective effect of As-IV on LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes was evaluated in vitro. Cardiac function was detected by echocardiography, and H&E staining was used to evaluate morphologic changes. Cardiomyocyte viability was detected by MTT assay. ELISA was used to detect free fatty acid (FFA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in mouse serum and in cell supernatant. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) contents in myocardial tissues and cells were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. ATP5D and TLR4/NF-kappaB/PPARalpha signaling pathway proteins (TLR4, NF-kappaB, p65, and PPARalpha) were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS As-IV significantly improved cardiac function, myocardial cell viability, and pathological changes and reduced FFA, IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels. The ATP/AMP ratio in the cardiac tissues of mice and in H9C2 cardiomyocytes was increased compared to that in the LPS group. In addition, As-IV enhanced ATP synthase and PPARalpha protein expression. In H9C2 cardiomyocytes, the p65-specific inhibitor BAY11-7082 exerted similar effects as As-IV. CONCLUSIONS As-IV alleviates LPS-induced myocardial damage by modulating TLR4/NF-kappaB/PPARalpha signaling-mediated energy biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Mengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Francis C, Courbon G, Gerber C, Neuburg S, Wang X, Dussold C, Capella M, Qi L, Isakova T, Mehta R, Martin A, Wolf M, David V. Ferric citrate reduces fibroblast growth factor 23 levels and improves renal and cardiac function in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2019; 96:1346-1358. [PMID: 31668632 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency, anemia, hyperphosphatemia, and increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are common and interrelated complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that are linked to CKD progression, cardiovascular disease and death. Ferric citrate is an oral phosphate binder that decreases dietary phosphate absorption and serum FGF23 concentrations while increasing iron stores and hemoglobin in patients with CKD. Here we compared the effects of ferric citrate administration versus a mineral sufficient control diet using the Col4a3 knockout mouse model of progressive CKD and age-matched wild-type mice. Ferric citrate was given to knockout mice for four weeks beginning at six weeks of age when they had overt CKD, or for six weeks beginning at four weeks of age when they had early CKD. Ten-week-old knockout mice on the control diet showed overt iron deficiency, anemia, hyperphosphatemia, increased serum FGF23, hypertension, decreased kidney function, and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Ferric citrate rescued iron deficiency and anemia in knockout mice regardless of the timing of treatment initiation. Circulating levels and bone expression of FGF23 were reduced in knockout mice given ferric citrate with more pronounced reductions observed when ferric citrate was initiated in early CKD. Ferric citrate decreased serum phosphate only when it was initiated in early CKD. While ferric citrate mitigated systolic dysfunction in knockout mice regardless of timing of treatment initiation, early initiation of ferric citrate also reduced renal fibrosis and proteinuria, improved kidney function, and prolonged life span. Thus, initiation of ferric citrate treatment early in the course of murine CKD lowered FGF23, slowed CKD progression, improved cardiac function and significantly improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Francis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guillaume Courbon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Claire Gerber
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Samantha Neuburg
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Corey Dussold
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maralee Capella
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lixin Qi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tamara Isakova
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rupal Mehta
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aline Martin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Myles Wolf
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Valentin David
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Yang J, Liu C, Jihang Z, Yu J, Dai L, Ding X, Qiu Y, Yu S, Yang Y, Wu Y, Huang L. PPARA genetic variants increase the risk for cardiac pumping function reductions following acute high-altitude exposure: A self-controlled study. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00919. [PMID: 31407515 PMCID: PMC6785441 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Left cardiac pumping function determines the compensatory capacity of the cardiovascular system following acute high‐altitude exposure. Variations in cardiac output (CO) at high altitude are inconsistent between individuals, and genetic susceptibility may play a crucial role. We sought to identify genetic causes of cardiac pumping function variations and describe the genotype–phenotype correlations. Methods A total of 151 young male volunteers were recruited and transferred to Lhasa (3,700 m) from Chengdu (<500 m) by plane. Genetic information related to hypoxic signaling and cardiovascular‐related pathways was collected before departure. Echocardiography was performed both before departure and 24 hr after arrival at high altitude. Results Here we reported that PPARA variants were closely related to high‐altitude cardiac function. The variants of rs6520015 C‐allele and rs7292407 A‐allele significantly increased the risk for cardiac pumping function reductions following acute high‐altitude exposure. In addition, the individuals carrying haplotypes in PPARA, namely, rs135538 C‐allele, rs4253623 A‐allele, rs6520015 C‐allele and rs7292407 A‐allele (C‐A‐C‐A), suffered a 7.27‐fold risk for cardiac pumping function reduction (95% CI: 2.39–22.15, p = .0006) compared with those carrying the wild‐type haplotype. Conclusions This self‐controlled study revealed that PPARA variations significantly increased the risk for cardiac pumping function reductions following acute high‐altitude exposure, providing a potential predictive marker before high‐altitude exposure and targets in mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhang Jihang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Limeng Dai
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Youzhu Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Sanjiu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuanqi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
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The quantitative carbohydrate ingestion ratio for extensive skeletal muscle uptake in 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography. Nucl Med Commun 2019; 40:927-932. [PMID: 31343607 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extensive skeletal muscle accumulation (ESMA) of F-FDG adversely affects the visual interpretation of F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) images. We mainly investigated factors related to ESMA that are based on food compositions. METHODS From January 2018 to June 2018, a total of 5554 patients underwent F-FDG PET/CT imaging with at least a 4-hour fast. Among them, 49 patients who exhibiting ESMA and 50 sex-matched and age-matched patients without ESMA were included in the study. The following factors were analysed: BMI, plasma glucose, gastric residue, the total energy of food the patient had before F-FDG injection and the percentages of the food ingredients. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate related risk factors between two groups. RESULTS In brief, 49 cases and 50 controls were identified. The BMI, gross energy, gross energy of protein, gross energy of carbohydrate and proportion of protein of case group were not significantly different from that of the controls (P ≥ 0.05). The plasma glucose was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P = 0.002). The positivity of gastric food residue would more easily demonstrate ESMA than those without gastric food residue (P < 0.0001). The fasting time before scan, gross energy of fat, proportion of fat and proportion of carbohydrate in case group were significantly different with control group. After multivariate analysis, fasting time, gastric food residue and proportion of carbohydrate were investigated as independent risk factors. CONCLUSION To avoid ESMA, patients should take a lower proportion of carbohydrate before receiving an F-FDG administration.
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Zhou Y, Chen X, Teng M, Zhang J, Wang C. Toxicity effects of captan on different life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 69:80-85. [PMID: 30965279 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and developmental effects of captan on different life stages (embryo and adult) of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed that the 96-h lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values of embryo and adult zebrafish (exposed to captan) were 0.81(0.75-0.87) mg/L and 0.65(0.62-0.68) mg/L, respectively. The results of developmental effect experiment showed that captan can significantly decrease the heartbeats and inhibit the hatching rate and growth of zebrafish embryos. Moreover, captan exposure can induce a series of deformities, including pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, spine curvature, and tail bending, in zebrafish embryos during the developmental period. Among these, the most significant were tail bending and spine curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Zhou
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | | | - Miaomiao Teng
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Polak-Iwaniuk A, Harasim-Symbor E, Gołaszewska K, Chabowski A. How Hypertension Affects Heart Metabolism. Front Physiol 2019; 10:435. [PMID: 31040794 PMCID: PMC6476990 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most frequently observed cardiovascular diseases, which precedes heart failure in 75% of its cases. It is well-established that hypertensive patients have whole body metabolic complications such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, decreased insulin sensitivity or diabetes mellitus. Since myocardial metabolism is strictly dependent on hormonal status as well as substrate milieu, the above mentioned disturbances may affect energy generation status in the heart. Interestingly, it was found that hypertension induces a shift in substrate preference toward increased glucose utilization in cardiac muscle, prior to structural changes development. The present work reports advances in the aspect of heart metabolism under high blood pressure conditions, including human and the most common animal models of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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43
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Magi S, Piccirillo S, Amoroso S. The dual face of glutamate: from a neurotoxin to a potential survival factor-metabolic implications in health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1473-1488. [PMID: 30599069 PMCID: PMC11105246 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-3002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Beyond this function, glutamate also plays a key role in intermediary metabolism in all organs and tissues, linking carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Under both physiological and pathological conditions, we have recently found that the ability of glutamate to fuel cell metabolism selectively relies on the activity of two main transporters: the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) and the sodium-dependent excitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs). In ischemic settings, when glutamate is administered at the onset of the reoxygenation phase, the coordinate activity of EAAT and NCX allows glutamate to improve cell viability by stimulating ATP production. So far, this phenomenon has been observed in both cardiac and neuronal models. In this review, we focus on the most recent findings exploring the unusual activity of glutamate as a potential survival factor in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
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44
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Callaghan NI, Hadipour-Lakmehsari S, Lee SH, Gramolini AO, Simmons CA. Modeling cardiac complexity: Advancements in myocardial models and analytical techniques for physiological investigation and therapeutic development in vitro. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:011501. [PMID: 31069331 PMCID: PMC6481739 DOI: 10.1063/1.5055873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies, heart failure, and arrhythmias or conduction blockages impact millions of patients worldwide and are associated with marked increases in sudden cardiac death, decline in the quality of life, and the induction of secondary pathologies. These pathologies stem from dysfunction in the contractile or conductive properties of the cardiomyocyte, which as a result is a focus of fundamental investigation, drug discovery and therapeutic development, and tissue engineering. All of these foci require in vitro myocardial models and experimental techniques to probe the physiological functions of the cardiomyocyte. In this review, we provide a detailed exploration of different cell models, disease modeling strategies, and tissue constructs used from basic to translational research. Furthermore, we highlight recent advancements in imaging, electrophysiology, metabolic measurements, and mechanical and contractile characterization modalities that are advancing our understanding of cardiomyocyte physiology. With this review, we aim to both provide a biological framework for engineers contributing to the field and demonstrate the technical basis and limitations underlying physiological measurement modalities for biologists attempting to take advantage of these state-of-the-art techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Craig A. Simmons
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Present address: Ted Rogers Centre for Heart
Research, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada. Tel.:
416-946-0548. Fax: 416-978-7753
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45
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Si J, Zhou R, Zhao B, Xie Y, Gan L, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhou X, Ren X, Zhang H. Effects of ionizing radiation and HLY78 on the zebrafish embryonic developmental toxicity. Toxicology 2019; 411:143-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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46
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Callaghan NI, Williams KJ, MacCormack TJ. Cardioprotective mitochondrial binding by hexokinase I is induced by a hyperoxic acute thermal insult in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 224:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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47
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Olaniyi KS, Olatunji LA. Oral ethinylestradiol-levonorgestrel attenuates cardiac glycogen and triglyceride accumulation in high fructose female rats by suppressing pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:89-101. [PMID: 30276420 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fructose (FRU) intake has increased dramatically in recent decades with a corresponding increased incidence of insulin resistance (IR), particularly in young adults. The use of oral ethinylestradiol-levonorgestrel (EEL) formulation is also common among young women worldwide. The present study aimed at determining the effect of EEL on high fructose-induced cardiac triglyceride (TG) and glycogen accumulation. The study also investigated the possible involvement of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) in EEL and/or high fructose metabolic effects on the heart. Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were allotted into four groups. The control, EEL, FRU, and EEL + FRU rats received distilled water (vehicle, p.o.), 1.0 μg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 μg levonorgestrel (p.o.), 10% fructose (w/v), and 1.0 μg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 μg levonorgestrel and 10% fructose, respectively, daily for 8 weeks. Data showed that EEL or high fructose caused IR' impaired glucose tolerance' hyperlipidemia' increased plasma lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, PDK-4, uric acid, xanthine oxidase (XO), adenosine deaminase (ADA), malondialdehyde (MDA), cardiac uric acid, TG, TG/HDL- cholesterol, glycogen synthesis, MDA, and visceral fat content and reduced glutathione. High fructose also resulted in impaired pancreatic β-cell function, hyperglycemia, and increased cardiac PDK-4, lactate synthesis, and mass. Nonetheless, these alterations were ameliorated in EEL plus high fructose rats. This study demonstrates that high fructose-induced myocardial TG and glycogen accumulation is attributable to increased PDK-4. Besides, EEL could be a useful pharmacological utility for protection against cardiac dysmetabolism by inhibiting PDK-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, 240001, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, 240001, Nigeria.
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48
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Renguet E, Bultot L, Beauloye C, Horman S, Bertrand L. The Regulation of Insulin-Stimulated Cardiac Glucose Transport via Protein Acetylation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:70. [PMID: 29946550 PMCID: PMC6005846 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular catabolism is the cell capacity to generate energy from various substrates to sustain its function. To optimize this energy production, cells are able to switch between various metabolic pathways in accordance to substrate availability via a modulation of several regulatory enzymes. This metabolic flexibility is essential for the healthy heart, an organ requiring large quantities of ATP to sustain its contractile function. In type 2 diabetes, excess of non-glucidic nutrients such as fatty acids, branched-chain amino-acids, or ketones bodies, induces cardiac metabolic inflexibility. It is characterized by a preferential use of these alternative substrates to the detriment of glucose, this participating in cardiomyocytes dysfunction and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Identification of the molecular mechanisms leading to this metabolic inflexibility have been scrutinized during last decades. In 1963, Randle demonstrated that accumulation of some metabolites from fatty acid metabolism are able to allosterically inhibit regulatory steps of glucose metabolism leading to a preferential use of fatty acids by the heart. Nevertheless, this model does not fully recapitulate observations made in diabetic patients, calling for a more complex model. A new piece of the puzzle emerges from recent evidences gathered from different laboratories showing that metabolism of the non-glucidic substrates induces an increase in acetylation levels of proteins which is concomitant to the perturbation of glucose transport. The purpose of the present review is to gather, in a synthetic model, the different evidences that demonstrate the role of acetylation in the inhibition of the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in cardiac muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Renguet
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Bultot
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Sex differences in murine myocardium are not exclusively regulated by gonadal hormones. J Proteomics 2018; 178:43-56. [PMID: 29277644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated sex differences in cardiac protein patterns of intact and castrated mice using proteomics and 1D and 2D immunoblotting. To exclude differences concerning developmental aspects gonadectomy was conducted in mature mice at the age of three months. The main sex-related regulation in the protein pattern of the myocardium occurred for proteins involved in metabolic processes whereas only few proteins involved in other pathways underwent a regulation. Many regulated proteins (2/3) displayed a characteristic V form, which means that these proteins are up- or down-regulated in sexually mature compared to young mice and are back-regulated after castration, emphasizing a direct regulation by gonadal hormones. Several other spots (1/3) showed the same male/female regulation or a drastic increase in male/female spot intensity ratio after castration, suggesting either a regulation independent of sex hormones or a removal of an inhibiting feedback mechanism by gonadectomy. Technically, we found that it cannot be expected that a single spot contains only one protein species and that one protein is present in only one spot. We thus propose for proteomic investigations to identify/quantify all spots of a 2-DE pattern to obtain information about protein speciation and its potential importance for function and pathology. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Sex related differences in cardiovascular disease, including risk factors, disease manifestation and outcomes, are far from being well understood, and improved biological understanding of these differences in the healthy myocardium is of great importance. We investigated sex related changes of myocardial protein pattern in intact and castrated mice at different ages and found metabolic proteins to be highly regulated, some of which independently from gonadal hormones.
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Potential Synergies of β-Hydroxybutyrate and Butyrate on the Modulation of Metabolism, Inflammation, Cognition, and General Health. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:7195760. [PMID: 29805804 PMCID: PMC5902005 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7195760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-carbohydrate high-fat diet (LCHFD), also known as the ketogenic diet, has cycled in and out of popularity for decades as a therapeutic program to treat metabolic syndrome, weight mismanagement, and drug-resistant disorders as complex as epilepsy, cancer, dementia, and depression. Despite the benefits of this diet, health care professionals still question its safety due to the elevated serum ketones it induces and the limited dietary fiber. To compound the controversy, patient compliance with the program is poor due to the restrictive nature of the diet and symptoms related to energy deficit and gastrointestinal adversity during the introductory and energy substrate transition phase of the diet. The studies presented here demonstrate safety and efficacy of the diet including the scientific support and rationale for the administration of exogenous ketone bodies and ketone sources as a complement to the restrictive dietary protocol or as an alternative to the diet. This review also highlights the synergy provided by exogenous ketone, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), accompanied by the short chain fatty acid, butyrate (BA) in the context of cellular and physiological outcomes. More work is needed to unveil the molecular mechanisms by which this program provides health benefits.
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