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Tang J, Li G, Chen D, Jiang L, Huang B, Jiang P, Zhang C, Qin X. Effect of vitamin E on energy metabolism indicators and gill tissue structure of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under cooling stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19484. [PMID: 39174601 PMCID: PMC11341694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to examine the effects of vitamin E addition to water on the structure of the gill tissue and energy metabolism of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under cooling stress. The crucian carp were chilled using a cold acclimation intelligent chilling equipment from 20 °C to 5 °C. They were divided into three groups: the control group (E1), the negative control group (E2), and the 100 mg/L vitamin E (E3) solution. Three different temperature points (20 °C, 10 °C, and 5 °C) were used to collect, test, and analyze the samples. The findings demonstrated that in the E3 treatment group, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, total cholesterol, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and fatty acid synthase contents were significantly lower under cooling stress than those in the E1 and E2 treatment groups (P < 0.05). The E3 therapy group had significantly greater blood glucose, glycogen, and glycogen synthase levels than the E1 and E2 treatment groups (P < 0.05). The levels of pyruvate kinase in the E1, E2, and E3 treatment groups did not differ significantly. Crucian carp's gill tissue changed under cooling stress, including capillary dilatation, and the E3 treatment group experienced less damage overall than the E1 and E2 treatment groups. In conclusion, supplementing water with vitamin E to treat crucian carp can decrease damage, improve the body's ability to withstand cold, and slow down the stress response brought on by cooling stress. This provides a theoretical basis for supplementing water with vitamin E to fish stress relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Tang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Storage and Transportation Technology of Agricultural Products, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan, 250103, China.
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Gongyan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Storage and Transportation Technology of Agricultural Products, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan, 250103, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Dongjie Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Storage and Transportation Technology of Agricultural Products, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan, 250103, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Products Logistics, Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Lexia Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Storage and Transportation Technology of Agricultural Products, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan, 250103, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Baosheng Huang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Storage and Transportation Technology of Agricultural Products, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan, 250103, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Products Logistics, Jinan, 250103, China.
| | - Peihong Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Storage and Transportation Technology of Agricultural Products, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan, 250103, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Products Logistics, Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Changfeng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Products Logistics, Jinan, 250103, China.
- Shandong Guonong Logistics Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250103, China.
| | - Xiaoming Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
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2
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Mukherjee I, Bhat A. Shoals in troubled waters? The impact of rising temperatures on metabolism, foraging, and shoaling behavior in mixed-species shoals. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:526-538. [PMID: 38468594 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Rising water temperatures across aquatic habitats, in the current global climate change scenario, can directly affect metabolism and food intake in fish species. This can potentially alter their physiological, behavioral, and shoaling properties. In the current study, we examined the effects of high temperatures on metabolism, foraging, and shoaling in tropical fish. Mixed-species (comprising flying barbs, zebrafish, and gambusia) and single-species (flying barbs and zebrafish) shoals were conditioned for 45 days to three kinds of temperature regimes: the current temperature regime (CTR), in which shoals were maintained at water temperature of 24°C (i.e., the current mean temperature of their habitat), the predicted temperature regime (PTR) at 31°C (i.e., simulating conditions projected for their habitat in 2100), and the dynamic temperature regime (DTR), which experienced daily temperature fluctuations between 24 and 31°C (i.e., resembling rapid temperature changes expected in their natural environments). We found species-specific responses to these temperature regimes. Flying barbs exhibited significantly lower body weight at PTR but maintained consistent muscle glycogen content across all temperature regimes. In contrast, zebrafish and gambusia displayed significantly elevated muscle glycogen content at PTR, with similar body weights across all three temperature regimes. Cohesion within flying barb shoals and cohesion/polarization in mixed-species shoals decreased significantly at PTR. Shoals exposed to DTR exhibited intermediate characteristics between those conditioned to CTR and PTR, suggesting that shoals may be less impacted by dynamic temperatures compared to prolonged high temperatures. This study highlights species-specific metabolic responses to temperature changes and their potential implications for larger-scale shoal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Anuradha Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
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3
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da Costa JR, Capparelli MV, Padilha PM, Borges E, Ramaglia AC, Dos Santos MR, Augusto A. Chronic Cadmium Exposure can Alter Energy Allocation to Physiological Functions in the Shrimp Penaeus vannamei. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 87:58-68. [PMID: 38922419 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Environmental stressors in aquatic organisms can be assessed using a bioenergetic approach based on the evaluation of changes in their physiological parameters. We evaluated the chronic effects of cadmium (Cd2+) on the energy balance as well as the survival, growth, metabolism, nitrogen excretion, hepatosomatic index, oxidized energy substrate, and osmoregulation of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei with the hypothesis that the high energy demand related to the homeostatic regulation of Cd2+could disrupt the energy balance and as a consequence, their physiological functions. The shrimp exposed to Cd2+ had higher mortality (30%), directed more energy into growth (33% of energy intake), ingested 10% more energy, and defecated less than control animals. Cd2+ exposure caused a tendency to decrease metabolism and ammonia excretion but did not alter the hepatosomatic index, type of energy substrate oxidized, and the hyperosmorregulatory pattern of the species. The Cd+2 exposure may have induced a trade-off response because there was a growth rate increase accompanied by increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Rodrigues da Costa
- Aquaculture Center of UNESP (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana V Capparelli
- Estación El Carmen, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Carretera Carmen-Puerto Real Km 9.5, 24157, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Pedro Magalhães Padilha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle Borges
- Aquaculture Center of UNESP (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa C Ramaglia
- Aquaculture Center of UNESP (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Michelle Roberta Dos Santos
- Aquaculture Center of UNESP (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Augusto
- Aquaculture Center of UNESP (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
- Department of Zoology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Sustainable Aquaculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, SP, 11380-972, Brazil.
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4
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Åsheim ER, Andreassen AH, Morgan R, Silvestre M, Jutfelt F. Acute warming tolerance (CT max) in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) appears unaffected by changes in water salinity. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17343. [PMID: 38948212 PMCID: PMC11214424 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tolerance against acute warming is an essential trait that can determine how organisms cope during heat waves, yet the mechanisms underlying it remain elusive. Water salinity has previously been suggested to modulate warming tolerance in fish and may therefore provide clues towards these limiting mechanisms. Here, using the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) test, we investigated whether short (2 hours) and long (10 days) term exposure to different water salinities (2 hours: 0-5 ppt, 10 days: 0-3 ppt) affected acute warming tolerance in zebrafish (N = 263). We found that water salinity did not affect the warming tolerance of zebrafish at either time point, indicating that salinity does not affect the mechanism limiting acute warming tolerance in zebrafish at these salinity ranges, and that natural fluctuations in salinity levels might not have a large impact on acute warming tolerance in wild zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik R. Åsheim
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna H. Andreassen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rachael Morgan
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mireia Silvestre
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Firth BL, Craig PM, Drake DAR, Power M. Impacts of temperature and turbidity on the gill physiology of darter species. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 291:111589. [PMID: 38253199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Fish gills are complex organs that have direct contact with the environment and perform numerous functions including gas exchange and ion regulation. Determining if gill morphometry can change under different environmental conditions to maintain and/or improve gas exchange and ion regulation is important for understanding if gill plasticity can improve survival with increasing environmental change. We assessed gill morphology (gas exchange and ion regulation metrics), hematocrit and gill Na+/K+ ATPase activity of wild-captured blackside darter (Percina maculata), greenside darter (Etheostoma blennioides), and johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum) at two temperatures (10 and 25 °C) and turbidity levels (8 and 94 NTU). Samples were collected August and October 2020 in the Grand River to assess temperature differences, and August 2020 in the Thames River to assess turbidity differences. Significant effects of temperature and/or turbidity only impacted ionocyte number, lamellae width, and hematocrit. An increase in temperature decreased ionocyte number while an increase in turbidity increased lamellae width. Hematocrit had a species-specific response for both temperature and turbidity. Findings suggest that the three darter species have limited plasticity in gill morphology, with no observed compensatory changes in hematocrit or Na+/K+ ATPase activity to maintain homeostasis under the different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney L Firth
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Paul M Craig
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. https://twitter.com/pcraig77
| | - D Andrew R Drake
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Power
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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6
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Fogliano C, Carotenuto R, Panzuto R, Spennato V, De Bonis S, Simoniello P, Raggio A, Avallone B, Agnisola C, Motta CM. Behavioral alterations and gills damage in Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to an environmental concentration of delorazepam. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:104030. [PMID: 36455838 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Psychoactive compounds, and benzodiazepines (BZPs) in particular, represent an important class of emerging pollutants due to their large (ab)use and high resistance to degradation. Nowadays it is known that sewage treatment does not completely eliminate these substances and, therefore, BZPs and their metabolites reach concern levels in most aquatic environments all over Europe, ranging from µg/L to ng/L. In this study, we investigated the effects of delorazepam on Mytilus galloprovincialis, a model organism in toxicity testing and a key species in coastal marine ecosystems. Given its psychoactive activity, the study primarily addressed discovering the effects on behavior, by conventional valve opening and closure tests. Possible cytotoxic activity was also investigated by analyzing valve abductor muscles, gills histology, and correlated oxygen consumption. Results demonstrate negative effects on mussel behavior, interference with metabolism, and alteration of gill morphology and protein content. In conclusion, delorazepam confirms its toxicity to aquatic environments, highlighting the possibility that BZDs can ultimately affect the structure of the food web and the functions of the coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fogliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Carotenuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Panzuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Spennato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Bonis
- Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Latium (Arpa Lazio), Via Saredo, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Anja Raggio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Bice Avallone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudio Agnisola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Motta
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
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7
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Liu M, Zou X, Fu M, Bai X, Zhao Y, Chen X, Wang X, Wang P, Huang S. Mild cold stress specifically disturbs clustering movement of DFCs and sequential organ left-right patterning in zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:952844. [PMID: 36211472 PMCID: PMC9539758 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.952844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In poikilothermic animals, the distinct acclimatization ability of different organs has been previously addressed, while the tissue-specific role of cold stress in early development is largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that despite its role in delaying embryonic development, mild cold stress (22°C) does not disturb multiple-organ progenitor specification, but does give rise to organ left-right (LR) patterning defects. Regarding the mechanism, the data showed that mild cold stress downregulated the expression of cell-adhesion genes cdh1 and cdh2 during gastrulation, especially in dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs), which partially disturbed the clustering movement of DFCs, Kupffer’s vesicle (KV) morphogenesis, and ciliogenesis. As a result, the defects of KV/cilia disrupted asymmetric nodal signaling and subsequent heart and liver LR patterning. In conclusion, our data novelly identified that, in early development, DFCs are more sensitive to mild cold stress, and mild cold stress repressed the expression of cell adhesion-related gene cdh1 and cdh2. This role partially disturbed the clustering movement of DFCs, which resulted in defective KV/cilia development and sequential organ LR patterning defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinping Bai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongyan Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Peijian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Peijian Wang, ; Sizhou Huang,
| | - Sizhou Huang
- Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Peijian Wang, ; Sizhou Huang,
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8
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Reid CH, Patrick PH, Rytwinski T, Taylor JJ, Willmore WG, Reesor B, Cooke SJ. An updated review of cold shock and cold stress in fish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:1102-1137. [PMID: 35285021 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is critical in regulating virtually all biological functions in fish. Low temperature stress (cold shock/stress) is an often-overlooked challenge that many fish face as a result of both natural events and anthropogenic activities. In this study, we present an updated review of the cold shock literature based on a comprehensive literature search, following an initial review on the subject by M.R. Donaldson and colleagues, published in a 2008 volume of this journal. We focus on how knowledge on cold shock and fish has evolved over the past decade, describing advances in the understanding of the generalized stress response in fish under cold stress, what metrics may be used to quantify cold stress and what knowledge gaps remain to be addressed in future research. We also describe the relevance of cold shock as it pertains to environmental managers, policymakers and industry professionals, including practical applications of cold shock. Although substantial progress has been made in addressing some of the knowledge gaps identified a decade ago, other topics (e.g., population-level effects and interactions between primary, secondary and tertiary stress responses) have received little or no attention despite their significance to fish biology and thermal stress. Approaches using combinations of primary, secondary and tertiary stress responses are crucial as a research priority to better understand the mechanisms underlying cold shock responses, from short-term physiological changes to individual- and population-level effects, thereby providing researchers with better means of quantifying cold shock in laboratory and field settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor H Reid
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Trina Rytwinski
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica J Taylor
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Leite T, Branco P, Ferreira MT, Santos JM. Activity, boldness and schooling in freshwater fish are affected by river salinization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:153046. [PMID: 35032527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rivers are experiencing increasing anthropogenic pressures and salinity has shown to affect freshwater fish behaviour, potentially disrupting ecological processes. In this study, the aim was to determine the sub-lethal effects of salinization on freshwater fish behaviour, using a widespread native cyprinid species, the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei) as the model species. Behavioural trials in a mesocosms setting were performed to assess the effects of three levels of a salinity gradient - control (no salt added to the water, 0.8 mS/cm), low (9 mS/cm), and high concentration (18 mS/cm) - on fish routine activity, shoal cohesion and boldness. Upon increasing the salinity levels in the flume-channels, fish showed a significant reduction on their i) swimming activity (76% of searching behaviour in the control vs. 57% in high salinity), and ii) shoal cohesion (0.95 shoal cohesion ratio in the control vs. 0.76 in high salinity), while iii) an increase of bolder individuals, measured by a higher number of attempts to escape the altered environment (106 total jumps in the control vs. 262 in high salinity), was simultaneously observed. Behavioural changes in fish can reflect shifts in ecological condition. Thus, the behavioural responses of fish caused by salinization stress should be further researched, in addition to the interaction with other environmental stressors, in order to understand the true scope of the consequences of salinization for fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Leite
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Branco
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Maria Teresa Ferreira
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - José Maria Santos
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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10
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Benavente JN, Fryxell DC, Kinnison MT, Palkovacs EP, Simon KS. Plasticity and evolution shape the scaling of metabolism and excretion along a geothermal temperature gradient. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David C Fryxell
- University of Auckland School of Environment Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Eric P Palkovacs
- University of California Santa Cruz Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Kevin S Simon
- University of Auckland School of Environment Auckland New Zealand
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11
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Charmantier G, Nguyen-Chi M, Lutfalla G. Ontogenetic Changes in Blood Osmolality During the Postembryonic Development of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Zebrafish 2022; 19:1-6. [PMID: 35128940 PMCID: PMC8884165 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2021.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish Danio rerio is a teleost model species widely used in developmental genetics, biomedical studies, toxicology, and drug screening. Despite the interest of this species in research, little is known through indirect observations about its blood osmolality, which is a key parameter for diverse experiments. In this study, we directly measured blood osmolality using nano-osmometry at different stages of zebrafish postembryonic development. We found that blood osmolality is close to 240 mOsm·kg−1 in early larvae. It progressively increased to ∼270 mOsm·kg−1 during the larval development before reaching ∼300 mOsm·kg−1 after metamorphosis in juveniles and later in adults. These ontogenetic changes in blood osmolality illustrate the physiological changes in osmoregulation associated with postembryonic development, including metamorphosis. These values are of practical interest for adjusting the osmolality of fixatives and cell and tissue culture media for research using zebrafish as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Charmantier
- CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, UM, Marbec, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mai Nguyen-Chi
- LPHI, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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12
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Djiba PK, Zhang J, Xu Y, Zhang P, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Luo Y. Correlation between Metabolic Rate and Salinity Tolerance and Metabolic Response to Salinity in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123445. [PMID: 34944222 PMCID: PMC8697877 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The association between the metabolic rate and salinity tolerance in stenohaline freshwater fish could affect how fish adapt to changes in environmental salinity. In Experiment I, the metabolic rates and upper salinity tolerance limit of the grass carp were determined individually, and we aimed to test whether an association existed between the salinity tolerance capacity and both the resting metabolic rate and maximum metabolic rate. In Experiment II, the effects of increasing salinity on metabolic rates, gill histology, and Na+-K+-ATPase activities were determined in grass carp. The results suggest that a lower metabolic rate may not necessarily allow for a better salinity tolerance capacity of grass carp. Salinity-induced changes in the gill surface contribute more to ion exchange capacity than to oxygen uptake capacity. Abstract The metabolic rate could be one of the factors affecting the salinity tolerance capacity of fish. Experiment I tested whether metabolic rates correlate with the upper salinity tolerance limit among individual grass carp by daily increasing salinity (1 g kg−1 day−1). The feeding dropped sharply as the salinity reached 10 g kg−1 and ceased when salinities exceeded 11 g kg−1. The ventilation frequency decreased weakly as salinity increased from 0 to 12 g kg−1 and then increased rapidly as salinity reached 14 g kg−1. The fish survived at salinities lower than 14 g kg−1, and all fish died when salinity reached 17 g kg−1. The upper salinity tolerance limit was not correlated with metabolic rates. Therefore, a lower metabolic rate may not necessarily allow for better salinity tolerance capacity. Experiment II tested how different salinities (0, 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 3, and 6 g kg−1 for 2 weeks) affect the metabolic parameters of grass carp. The changes in the resting metabolic rate with increasing salinity could be explained by the relative changes in interlamellar cell mass and protruding lamellae. The maximum metabolic rate remained constant, suggesting that the salinity-induced changes in the gill surface had a minor effect on oxygen uptake capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathe Karim Djiba
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (P.K.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.Z.)
| | - Jianghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (P.K.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.Z.)
| | - Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (P.K.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.Z.)
| | - Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (P.K.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhou
- Clinical School, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Clinical School, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yiping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (P.K.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Bal A, Panda F, Pati SG, Das K, Agrawal PK, Paital B. Modulation of physiological oxidative stress and antioxidant status by abiotic factors especially salinity in aquatic organisms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 241:108971. [PMID: 33421636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a variety of environmental factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen and salinity may influence the oxidative status in aquatic organisms. The present review article focuses on the modulation of oxidative stress with reference to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aquatic animals from different phyla. The focus of the review article is to explore the plausible mechanisms of physiological changes occurring in aquatic animals due to altered salinity in terms of oxidative stress. Apart from the seasonal variations in salinity, global warming and anthropogenic activities have also been found to influence oxidative health status of aquatic organisms. These effects are discussed with an objective to develop precautionary measures to protect the diversity of aquatic species with sustainable conservation. Comparative analyses among different aquatic species suggest that salinity alone or in combination with other abiotic factors are intricately associated with modulation in oxidative stress in a species-specific manner in aquatic animals. Osmoregulation under salinity stress in relation to energy demand and supply are also discussed. The literature survey of >50 years (1960-2020) indicates that oxidative stress status and comparative analysis of redox modulation have evolved from the analysis of various biotic and/or abiotic factors to the study of cellular signalling pathways in these aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipsa Bal
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Falguni Panda
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Samar Gourav Pati
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Kajari Das
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Agrawal
- Main Building, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India.
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14
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Baudou FG, Eissa BL, Ossana NA, Mastrángelo MM, Ferro JP, Campos LB, Ferrari L. First baseline for bioenergetic biomarkers in Cnesterodon decemmaculatus as test organism in ecotoxicological studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111639. [PMID: 33396159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cnesterodon decemmaculatus is a Neotropical teleost fish frequently used in ecotoxicological evaluations, whose biology has been thoroughly studied. Although there is considerable information on its response to different toxicants, no range of reference values has been so far established for the different biological parameters proposed as biomarkers of effect or exposure. Moreover, no study has yet examined the possible influence of the metabolic status of the exposed animals on their response to toxic stress. Therefore, the aim of this work was to provide a first baseline for a set of bioenergetic biomarkers in C. decemmaculatus adults exposed to a control medium under previously standardized conditions, and to assess their possible intrinsic seasonal variability. The responses of the biomarkers obtained from the controls were contrasted with those from the reference toxicant (Cadmio-Cd) and receiving waters (surface waters of the Reconquista River RR, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). We conducted four 12-day assays (one in each season) of exposure to control media, (reconstituted moderate hard water, MHW) and two assays of exposure to Cd in MHW and surface river water (RR) in both summer and autumn. The variables recorded were: Food intake (In), fecal production (F), specific assimilation (A) and cumulative mortality, oxygen extraction efficiency (OEE), specific metabolic rate (SMR), ammonia excretion (N), ammonia quotient (AQ) and scope for growth (SFG). The seasonal variation shown by some physiological parameters, points to the need for establishing a baseline obtained from standardized media, preferably on a seasonal basis. Moreover, SFG and A appeared as the most sensitive biomarkers, emphasizing the importance to consider the metabolic status of the test organisms for the appropriate interpretation of results from ecotoxicological studies performed under controlled experimental conditions. The obtained results provide useful information on C. decemmaculatus as model species in ecotoxicological bioassays involving biomarkers of early effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico G Baudou
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina.
| | - Bettina L Eissa
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada (PRODEA), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
| | - Natalia A Ossana
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada (PRODEA), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
| | - Martina M Mastrángelo
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada (PRODEA), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
| | - Juan P Ferro
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada (PRODEA), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
| | - Liria B Campos
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada (PRODEA), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia Ferrari
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
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15
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Doering JA, Villeneuve DL, Tilton CB, Kittelson AR, Blackwell BR, Kahl MD, Jensen KM, Poole ST, Cavallin JE, Cole AR, Dean KN, LaLone CA, Ankley GT. Assessing effects of aromatase inhibition on fishes with group-synchronous oocyte development using western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as a model. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105741. [PMID: 33450672 PMCID: PMC8255332 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to certain anthropogenic chemicals can inhibit the activity to cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) in fishes leading to decreased plasma 17β-estradiol (E2), plasma vitellogenin (VTG), and egg production. Reproductive dysfunction resulting from exposure to aromatase inhibitors has been extensively investigated in several laboratory model species of fish. These model species have ovaries that undergo asynchronous oocyte development, but many fishes have ovaries with group-synchronous oocyte development. Fishes with group-synchronous oocyte development have dynamic reproductive cycles which typically occur annually and are often triggered by complex environmental cues. This has resulted in a lack of test data and uncertainty regarding sensitivities to and adverse effects of aromatase inhibition. The present study used the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as a laboratory model to investigate adverse effects of chemical aromatase inhibition on group-synchronous oocyte development. Adult female western mosquitofish were exposed to either 0, 2, or 30 μg/L of the model nonsteroidal aromatase inhibiting chemical, fadrozole, for a complete reproductive cycle. Fish were sampled at four time-points representing pre-vitellogenic resting, early vitellogenesis, late vitellogenesis/early ovarian recrudescence, and late ovarian recrudescence. Temporal changes in numerous reproductive parameters were measured, including gonadosomatic index (GSI), plasma sex steroids, and expression of selected genes in the brain, liver, and gonad that are important for reproduction. In contrast to fish from the control treatment, fish exposed to 2 and 30 μg/L of fadrozole had persistent elevated expression of cyp19 in the ovary, depressed expression of vtg in the liver, and a low GSI. These responses suggest that completion of a group-synchronous reproductive cycle was unsuccessful during the assay in fish from either fadrozole treatment. These adverse effects data show that exposure to aromatase inhibitors has the potential to cause reproductive dysfunction in a wide range of fishes with both asynchronous and group-synchronous reproductive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Doering
- National Research Council, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States.
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Charlene B Tilton
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Ashley R Kittelson
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Michael D Kahl
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Kathleen M Jensen
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Shane T Poole
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Jenna E Cavallin
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Alexander R Cole
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Kendra N Dean
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
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16
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Walker RH, Smith GD, Hudson SB, French SS, Walters AW. Warmer temperatures interact with salinity to weaken physiological facilitation to stress in freshwater fishes. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa107. [PMID: 33365130 PMCID: PMC7745714 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Management of stressors requires an understanding of how multiple stressors interact, how different species respond to those interactions and the underlying mechanisms driving observed patterns in species' responses. Salinization and rising temperatures are two pertinent stressors predicted to intensify in freshwater ecosystems, posing concern for how susceptible organisms achieve and maintain homeostasis (i.e. allostasis). Here, glucocorticoid hormones (e.g. cortisol), responsible for mobilizing energy (e.g. glucose) to relevant physiological processes for the duration of stressors, are liable to vary in response to the duration and severity of salinization and temperature rises. With field and laboratory studies, we evaluated how both salinity and temperature influence basal and stress-reactive cortisol and glucose levels in age 1+ mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdii), mountain sucker (Catostomus platyrhynchus) and Colorado River cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus). We found that temperature generally had the greatest effect on cortisol and glucose concentrations and the effect of salinity was often temperature dependent. We also found that when individuals were chronically exposed to higher salinities, baseline concentrations of cortisol and glucose usually declined as salinity increased. Reductions in baseline concentrations facilitated stronger stress reactivity for cortisol and glucose when exposed to additional stressors, which weakened as temperatures increased. Controlled temperatures near the species' thermal maxima became the overriding factor regulating fish physiology, resulting in inhibitory responses. With projected increases in freshwater salinization and temperatures, efforts to reduce the negative effects of increasing temperatures (i.e. increased refuge habitats and riparian cover) could moderate the inhibitory effects of temperature-dependent effects of salinization for freshwater fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Walker
- Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Smith
- Biological Science Department, Dixie State University, 225 S 700 E, St. George, UT 84770, USA
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 1435 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Spencer B Hudson
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 1435 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Susannah S French
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 1435 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Annika W Walters
- US Geological Survey, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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17
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Abozaid A, Tsang B, Gerlai R. The effects of small but abrupt change in temperature on the behavior of larval zebrafish. Physiol Behav 2020; 227:113169. [PMID: 32918940 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish has become increasingly utilized in behavioral neuroscience, psychopharmacology, and behavior genetics research. However, little attention has been paid to the potential effects of environmental conditions fish are exposed to before and during behavioral testing. One such important factor is temperature, more specifically, the difference in temperature between holding and test tanks. In the current study, we bred and raised zebrafish of the AB strain in 28 °C water for 7 days until they were free swimming. On the 7th day we placed each experimental subject singly into the testing well with water set to 24 °C, 28 °C or 30 °C for 15 min and recorded the behavior of the subjects. We found significant and behavior-specific idiosyncratic effects of the employed temperature changes. For example, lowering the temperature decreased speed, but increasing the temperature did not alter it. Increased temperature reduced duration of immobility and reduced absolute turn angle, but lowered temperature did not alter these behaviors. While lowered temperature, and to a lesser degree also increased temperature, reduced intra-individual temporal variance of absolute turn angle. Furthermore, we found no change in thigmotaxis and frequency of immobility by either temperature change. Our results demonstrate the importance of temperature in behavioral studies with zebrafish and suggest that equating water temperature between holding and testing tanks is required to enhance reproducibility and replicability of results with this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Abozaid
- Department of Cell & System Biology, University of Toronto
| | - Benjamin Tsang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Cell & System Biology, University of Toronto; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga
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18
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Sanders E, Farmer SC. Aquatic Models: Water Quality and Stability and Other Environmental Factors. ILAR J 2020; 60:141-149. [PMID: 33094818 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of aquatic animals in ecotoxicology, genetic, and biomedical research has grown immensely in recent years, especially due to the increased use of zebrafish in the laboratory setting. Because water is the primary environment of most aquatic species, the composition and management of this water is paramount to ensuring their health and welfare. In this publication, we will describe the important variables in water quality that can influence animal health and research results, using the zebrafish model for detailed specifics of optimal conditions. Wherever possible, recommendations are provided to reduce the potential impact of poor or highly variable water quality, and standards are given which can be used as institutional goals to maximize animal health and welfare and reduce research variability. It is increasingly important that authors of publications describing work done using aquatic models characterize water quality and other environmental conditions of the animal environment so that the work can be repeated and understood in context of these important factors. It is clear that there are a great many extrinsic factors which may influence research outcomes in the aquatics model laboratory setting, and consequently, an increased level of funding will be essential to support continued research exploring these and other important husbandry conditions. References from a large body of literature on this subject are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan C Farmer
- Animal Resources Program, and Zebrafish Research Facility, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
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19
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Migliaccio O, Pinsino A, Maffioli E, Smith AM, Agnisola C, Matranga V, Nonnis S, Tedeschi G, Byrne M, Gambi MC, Palumbo A. Living in future ocean acidification, physiological adaptive responses of the immune system of sea urchins resident at a CO 2 vent system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:938-950. [PMID: 30981169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ocean acidification, a major anthropogenic impact on marine life, have been mainly investigated in laboratory/mesocosm experiments. We used the CO2 vents at Ischia as a natural laboratory to study the long-term effects of ocean acidification on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus population resident in low-pH (7.8 ± 0.2) compared to that at two control sites (pH 8.02 ± 0.00; 8.02 ± 0.01). The novelty of the present study is the analysis of the sea urchin immune cells, the sentinels of environmental stress responses, by a wide-ranging approach, including cell morphology, biochemistry and proteomics. Immune cell proteomics showed that 311 proteins were differentially expressed in urchins across sites with a general shift towards antioxidant processes in the vent urchins. The vent urchin immune cells showed higher levels of total antioxidant capacity, up-regulation of phagosome and microsomal proteins, enzymes of ammonium metabolism, amino-acid degradation, and modulation of carbon metabolism proteins. Lipid-hydroperoxides and nitric oxide levels were not different in urchins from the different sites. No differences in the coelomic fluid pH, immune cell composition, animal respiration, nitrogen excretion and skeletal mineralogy were observed. Our results reveal the phenotypic plasticity of the immune system of sea urchins adapted to life at vent site, under conditions commensurate with near-future ocean acidification projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Migliaccio
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- DIMEVET - Section of Biochemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Abigail M Smith
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Claudio Agnisola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Matranga
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Nonnis
- DIMEVET - Section of Biochemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Byrne
- School of Medical and Science and School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Cristina Gambi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center), Ischia, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy.
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20
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Fu J, Gong Z, Bae S. Assessment of the effect of methyl-triclosan and its mixture with triclosan on developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:186-196. [PMID: 30677650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Methyl-triclosan (MTCS), as a biodegradation product from antibacterial triclosan (TCS), has been detected in water catchments, and it has also been verified to accumulate in biota due to its hydrophobicity. There is a lack, however, of toxicity studies on MTCS and its effects on organisms in conjunction with TCS. In this study, exposure experiments were conducted to assess the toxicity to embryonic zebrafish of selected concentrations of MTCS (from 1 ng/L to 400 μg/L) and MTCS/TCS mixtures (from 1 μg/L TCS and 100 ng/L MTCS to 300 μg/L TCS and 30 μg/L MTCS). Specimens were extracted using acetonitrile: isopropanol: water (3:3:2; v/v/v) and then analyzed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the metabolites based on the Fiehn library database. The results showed that MTCS exposure led to the alterations of the metabolomes of the zebrafish embryos, including level changes of l-valine, d-mannose, d-glucose, and other metabolites. Multivariate analysis (PCA, PLS-DA, sPLS-DA) and univariate analysis (one-way ANOVA) indicated differences between the control and exposure groups of the metabolites, indicating that biological pathways, such as amino acid synthesis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), starch and sucrose metabolism were influenced. Moreover, when the embryos were exposed to a mix of TCS and MTCS, TCS dominated the mixture's effect on biological pathways because the concentration ratio within the mixture, which mimics environmental ratio of 10 TCS : 1 MTCS, leads to high bioavailability of TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sungwoo Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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21
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Ferreira MS, Wood CM, Harter TS, Dal Pont G, Val AL, Matthews PGD. Metabolic fuel use after feeding in the zebrafish ( Danio rerio): a respirometric analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.194217. [PMID: 30573666 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.194217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We used respirometric theory and a new respirometry apparatus to assess, for the first time, the sequential oxidation of the major metabolic fuels during the post-prandial period (10 h) in adult zebrafish fed with commercial pellets (51% protein, 2.12% ration). Compared with a fasted group, fed fish presented peak increases of oxygen consumption (78%), and carbon dioxide (80%) and nitrogen excretion rates (338%) at 7-8 h, and rates remained elevated at 10 h. The respiratory quotient increased slightly (0.89 to 0.97) whereas the nitrogen quotient increased greatly (0.072 to 0.140), representing peak amino acid/protein usage (52%) at this time. After 48-h fasting, endogenous carbohydrate and lipid were the major fuels, but in the first few hours after feeding, carbohydrate oxidation increased greatly, fueling the first part of the post-prandial specific dynamic action, whereas increased protein/amino acid usage predominated from 6 h onwards. Excess dietary protein/amino acids were preferentially metabolized for energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio S Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Evolução Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), 69.067-375 Manaus, Brasil
| | - Chris M Wood
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Evolução Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), 69.067-375 Manaus, Brasil.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Till S Harter
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Giorgi Dal Pont
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4.,Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 80.060-000 Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Adalberto L Val
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Evolução Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), 69.067-375 Manaus, Brasil
| | - Philip G D Matthews
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
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22
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Mohammadi M, Mahboobi-Soofiani N, Farhadian O, Malekpouri P. Metabolic and NH 4 excretion rate of fresh water species, Chondrostoma regium in response to environmental stressors, different scenarios for temperature and pH. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:90-101. [PMID: 30114592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes in water temperature and pH levels have substantial adverse effects on aquatic organisms, hence causing physiological constraint on their well-being. To understand the physiological responses of Chondrostoma regium to temperature or pH changes, standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), absolute and factorial aerobic scope (AS&FAS) as well as the specific rate of ammonia excretion (Jamm) were measured at following temperatures: acute low (3.5-4.5 °C), 24 h low (5.5-6.5 °C), 7 d low (5.5-6.5 °C), acute high (30-31 °C), 24 h high (29-30 °C), 7 d high (28-29 °C), and different pH treatments: acute low (4.3-4.4), 24 h low (4.3-4.4), 7 d low (6.3-6.4), acute high (9.8-9.9), 24 h high (9.8-9.9), 7 d high (8.8-8.9). A control group was also assigned to optimum temperature = 22-23 °C and pH = 7.8-7.9. These experimental ranges for each treatment were obtained based on critical thermal and pH thresholds, i.e., 1.9 to 31.7 °C and 2.7 to 11.1, respectively. SMR was enhanced significantly (P < 0.05) following pH treatments, except for 24 h low pH treatment. Results showed significant (P < 0.05) changes in both SMR and MMR at low and high temperature treatments. The AS was elevated following pH treatments except for acute low pH treatment in which AS significantly was declined (P < 0.05). Low temperature treatments resulted in lower AS while no significant changes in AS were observed in high temperatures. In all treatments, FAS value did not differ significantly from control, except for acute and 24 h low treatments of both temperature and pH. All high pH and temperature treatments showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in Jamm. Histopathological results of gills indicated hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamella and kidneys histopathology revealed necrosis and loss of tubular lumen in the most treatments. Results indicated that increases in water temperature or pH are more stressful than the lower ranges of them, suggesting higher capability of fish to adjust to the low levels of temperature or pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Mohammadi
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | | | - Omidvar Farhadian
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Pedram Malekpouri
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Fu J, Gong Z, Kelly BC. Metabolomic profiling of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to the antibacterial agent triclosan. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:240-249. [PMID: 30325051 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan, a widely used antibacterial and antifungal agent, is ubiquitously detected in the natural environment. There is increasing evidence that triclosan can produce cytotoxic, genotoxic, and endocrine disruptor effects in aquatic biota, including algae, crustaceans, and fish. Metabolomics can provide important information regarding molecular-level effects and toxicity of xenobiotic chemicals in aquatic organisms. The aim of the present study was to assess the toxicity of triclosan in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics. The embryos were exposed to a wide range of triclosan concentrations (10 ng/L-500 µg/L). Endogenous metabolites were extracted using acetonitrile:isopropanol:water (3:3:2, v/v/v). Derivatization of metabolites was performed prior to identification and quantification via GC-MS analysis. A total of 29 metabolites were positively identified in embryos. Univariate (one-way analysis of variance) and multivariate (principal components analysis and projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis) analyses were employed to determine metabolic profile changes in triclosan-exposed embryos. Eight metabolites were significantly altered (p < 0.05) in embryos exposed to triclosan (urea, citric acid, D-(+)-galactose, D-glucose, stearic acid, L-proline, phenylalanine, and L-glutamic acid). The results suggest that triclosan exposure can result in impairment of several pathways in developing zebrafish embryos, with implications for energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism, as well as nitrogen metabolism and gill function. These findings will benefit future risk assessments of triclosan and other contaminants of emerging concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:240-249. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry C Kelly
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Napolitano G, Venditti P, Fasciolo G, Esposito D, Uliano E, Agnisola C. Acute hypoxia/reoxygenation affects muscle mitochondrial respiration and redox state as well as swimming endurance in zebrafish. J Comp Physiol B 2018; 189:97-108. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-018-1198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Loganathan K, Moriya S, Parhar IS. High Melatonin Conditions by Constant Darkness and High Temperature Differently Affect Melatonin Receptormt1and TREK Channeltrek2ain the Brain of Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2018; 15:473-483. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kavinash Loganathan
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shogo Moriya
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S. Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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Moffett ER, Fryxell DC, Palkovacs EP, Kinnison MT, Simon KS. Local adaptation reduces the metabolic cost of environmental warming. Ecology 2018; 99:2318-2326. [PMID: 30030930 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism shapes the ecosystem role of organisms by dictating their energy demand and nutrient recycling potential. Metabolic theory (MTE) predicts consumer metabolic and recycling rates will rise with warming, especially if body size declines, but it ignores potential for adaptation. We measured metabolic and nutrient excretion rates of individuals from populations of a globally invasive fish that colonized sites spanning a wide temperature range (19-37°C) on two continents within the last 100 yr. Fish body size declined across our temperature gradient and MTE predicted large rises in population energy demand and nutrient recycling. However, we found that the allometry and temperature dependency of metabolism varied in a countergradient pattern with local temperature in a way that offset predictions of MTE. Scaling of nutrient excretion was more variable and did not track temperature. Our results suggest that adaptation can reduce the metabolic cost of warming, increasing the prospects for population persistence under extreme warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Moffett
- School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David C Fryxell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95060, USA
| | - Eric P Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95060, USA
| | - Michael T Kinnison
- School of Biology and Ecology, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Kevin S Simon
- School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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Reid RM, D'Aquila AL, Biga PR. The validation of a sensitive, non-toxic in vivo metabolic assay applicable across zebrafish life stages. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 208:29-37. [PMID: 29162498 PMCID: PMC5936655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Energy expenditure and metabolism, is a well-studied field as it is linked to many diseases as dysregulation of metabolism is associated with cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. Classical methods of studying metabolism in vivo are well established, but most are tedious and expensive, thus, finding methods of accurately measuring metabolism in living organisms that is quick and non-invasive is of strong interest. In this work, we validate the use of resazurin; a compound that is conformationally changed into fluorescent resorufin upon metabolic reduction by NADH2, as a metabolic assay for adult zebrafish. This assay is based on the principle that increases in resorufin fluorescence intensity (FI) conveys relative changes in metabolic output of the organisms. We demonstrate the effectiveness of resazurin in measuring metabolic changes in zebrafish larvae and adults in relation to number of pooled fish, as well as temperature alteration. Moreover, we provide details on the appropriate and optimized diluents and concentrations of resazurin. Further, by using a novel sample collection technique, we can increase the temporal possibilities that were previously limited, as well as show that samples can be stored and measured at a later time point with no decrease in accuracy. Thus, the validation of this assay in adult zebrafish may increase the versatility and complexity of the types of experiments that can be performed and have many practical applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Reid
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrea L D'Aquila
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peggy R Biga
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Tsai JW, Liew HJ, Jhang JJ, Hung SH, Meng PJ, Leu MY, Lim C, Tang CH. A field and laboratory study of the responses of cytoprotection and osmoregulation to salinity stress in mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:489-502. [PMID: 29192359 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) naturally inhabits freshwater (FW; 1-3‰) and seawater (SW; 28-33‰) ponds in constructed wetland. To explore the physiological status and molecular mechanisms for salinity adaptation of the mosquitofish, cytoprotective responses and osmoregulation were examined. In the field study, activation of protein quality control (PQC) mechanism through upregulation of the abundance of heat shock protein (HSP) 90 and 70 and ubiquitin-conjugated proteins was found in the mosquitofish gills from SW pond compared to the individuals of FW pond. The levels of aggregated proteins in mosquitofish gills had no significant difference between FW and SW ponds. Furthermore, the osmoregulatory responses revealed that the body fluid osmolality and muscle water contents of the mosquitofish from two ponds were maintained within a physiological range while branchial Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) expression was higher in the individuals from SW than FW ponds. Subsequently, to further clarify whether the cellular stress responses and osmoregulation were mainly induced by hypertonicity, a laboratory salinity acclimation experiment was conducted. The results from the laboratory experiment were similar to the field study. Branchial PQC as well as NKA responses were induced by SW acclimation compared to FW-acclimated individuals. Taken together, induction of gill PQC and NKA responses implied that SW represents an osmotic stress for mosquitofish. Activation of PQC was suggested to provide an osmoprotection to prevent the accumulation of aggregated proteins. Moreover, an increase in branchial NKA responses for osmoregulatory adjustment was required for the physiological homeostasis of body fluid osmolality and muscle water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Jung Liew
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jyun-Jiang Jhang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Han Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jie Meng
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng Township, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng Township, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yih Leu
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng Township, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng Township, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Christopher Lim
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Cheng-Hao Tang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National SunYat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
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Baudou FG, Ossana NA, Castañé PM, Mastrángelo MM, Ferrari L. Cadmium effects on some energy metabolism variables in Cnesterodon decemmaculatus adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1250-1258. [PMID: 28894960 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work is focused on the responses of some energy metabolism variables in Cnesterodon decemmaculatus adults exposed to cadmium under controlled laboratory conditions. This species has been used as bioindicator for evaluating the effects of different chemicals on diverse biological processes and is frequently used as test organism in ecotoxicity studies that include cadmium as reference toxicant. Animals were exposed for 12 days to the following concentrations: 0, 0.45, and 0.8 mg Cd/L. Food intake, fecal production, specific assimilation, condition factor, mortality percentage, oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction efficiency, specific metabolic rate, ammonia excretion, and ammonia quotient were measured. The overall balance was expressed as scope for growth (SFG). Cadmium-exposed groups showed a significant decrease in food assimilation and condition factor at the end of the exposure. There was an increase in specific metabolic rate and a decrease in SFG in the group exposed to 0.8 mg Cd/L. The condition factor and the SFG appeared as sensitive biomarkers of health status and growth of the animals, respectively. Cadmium-exposed fish reduced food intake, which was reflected in a decreased assimilation with concomitant decline in the external energy supply from feeding. Our results highlight the importance of considering the metabolic status of the test organisms when analyzing the responses of the biomarkers usually used as effect parameters in ecotoxicological evaluations under experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico G Baudou
- Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (PRODEA-INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA, Luján, Argentina
- MINCyT, Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Godoy Cruz 2370, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Natalia A Ossana
- Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (PRODEA-INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA, Luján, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Patricia M Castañé
- Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (PRODEA-INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA, Luján, Argentina
| | - Martina M Mastrángelo
- Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (PRODEA-INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA, Luján, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia Ferrari
- Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (PRODEA-INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA, Luján, Argentina.
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Effect of combined stress (salinity and temperature) in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax osmoregulatory processes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 215:45-54. [PMID: 29056479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax undertake seasonal migrations to estuaries and lagoons that are characterized by fluctuations in environmental conditions. Their ability to cope with these unstable habitats is undeniable, but it is still not clear how and to what extent salinity acclimation mechanisms are affected at temperatures higher than in the sea. In this study, juvenile sea bass were pre-acclimated to seawater (SW) at 18°C (temperate) or 24°C (warm) for 2weeks and then transferred to fresh water (FW) or SW at the respective temperature. Transfer to FW for two weeks resulted in decreased blood osmolalities and plasma Cl- at both temperatures. In FW warm conditions, plasma Na+ was ~15% lower and Cl- was ~32% higher than in the temperate-water group. Branchial Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity measured at the acclimation temperature (Vapparent) did not change according to the conditions. Branchial Na+/K+-ATPase activity measured at 37°C (Vmax) was lower in warm conditions and increased in FW compared to SW conditions whatever the considered temperature. Mitochondrion-rich cell (MRC) density increased in FW, notably due to the appearance of lamellar MRCs, but this increase was less pronounced in warm conditions where MRC's size was lower. In SW warm conditions, pavement cell apical microridges are less developed than in other conditions. Overall gill morphometrical parameters (filament thickness, lamellar length and width) differ between fish that have been pre-acclimated to different temperatures. This study shows that a thermal change affects gill plasticity affecting whole-organism ion balance two weeks after salinity transfer.
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Lopez LK, Davis AR, Wong MYL. Behavioral interactions under multiple stressors: temperature and salinity mediate aggression between an invasive and a native fish. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Hopkins GR, French SS, Brodie ED. Interacting stressors and the potential for adaptation in a changing world: responses of populations and individuals. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:161057. [PMID: 28680662 PMCID: PMC5493904 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.161057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To accurately predict the impact of environmental change, it is necessary to assay effects of key interacting stressors on vulnerable organisms, and the potential resiliency of their populations. Yet, for the most part, these critical data are missing. We examined the effects of two common abiotic stressors predicted to interact with climate change, salinity and temperature, on the embryonic survival and development of a model freshwater vertebrate, the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) from different populations. We found that salinity and temperature significantly interacted to affect newt embryonic survival and development, with the negative effects of salinity most pronounced at temperature extremes. We also found significant variation among, and especially within, populations, with different females varying in the performance of their eggs at different salinity-temperature combinations, possibly providing the raw material for future natural selection. Our results highlight the complex nature of predicting responses to climate change in space and time, and provide critical data towards that aim.
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Carlson JM, Chavez O, Aggarwal S, Primm TP. Examination of Host Phenotypes in Gambusia affinis Following Antibiotic Treatment. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287527 DOI: 10.3791/55170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The commonality of antibiotic usage in medicine means that understanding the resulting consequences to the host is vital. Antibiotics often decrease host microbiome community diversity and alter the microbial community composition. Many diseases such as antibiotic-associated enterocolitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disorders have been linked to a disrupted microbiota. The complex interplay between host, microbiome, and antibiotics needs a tractable model for studying host-microbiome interactions. Our freshwater vertebrate fish serves as a useful model for investigating the universal aspects of mucosal microbiome structure and function as well as analyzing consequential host effects from altering the microbial community. Methods include host challenges such as infection by a known fish pathogen, exposure to fecal or soil microbes, osmotic stress, nitrate toxicity, growth analysis, and measurement of gut motility. These techniques demonstrate a flexible and useful model system for rapid determination of host phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Chavez
- Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University; Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University Health Science Center
| | | | - Todd P Primm
- Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University
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Tarallo A, Angelini C, Sanges R, Yagi M, Agnisola C, D'Onofrio G. On the genome base composition of teleosts: the effect of environment and lifestyle. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:173. [PMID: 26935583 PMCID: PMC4776435 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DNA base composition is well known to be highly variable among organisms. Bio-physic studies on the effect of the GC increments on the DNA structure have shown that GC-richer DNA sequences are more bendable. The result was the keystone of the hypothesis proposing the metabolic rate as the major force driving the GC content variability, since an increased resistance to the torsion stress is mainly required during the transcription process to avoid DNA breakage. Hence, the aim of the present work is to test if both salinity and migration, suggested to affect the metabolic rate of teleostean fishes, affect the average genomic GC content as well. Moreover, since the gill surface has been reported to be a major morphological expression of metabolic rate, this parameter was also analyzed in the light of the above hypothesis. RESULTS Teleosts living in different environments (freshwater and seawater) and with different lifestyles (migratory and non-migratory) were analyzed studying three variables: routine metabolic rate, gill area and genomic GC-content, none of them showing a phylogenetic signal among fish species. Routine metabolic rate, specific gill area and average genomic GC were higher in seawater than freshwater species. The same trend was observed comparing migratory versus non-migratory species. Crossing salinity and lifestyle, the active migratory species living in seawater show coincidentally the highest routine metabolic rate, the highest specific gill area and the highest average genomic GC content. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly highlight that environmental factors (salinity) and lifestyle (migration) affect not only the physiology (i.e. the routine metabolic rate), and the morphology (i.e. gill area) of teleosts, but also basic genome feature (i.e. the GC content), thus opening to an interesting liaison among the three variables in the light of the metabolic rate hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tarallo
- Genome Evolution and Organization - Department BEOM, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "Mauro Picone" - CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Remo Sanges
- Genome Evolution and Organization - Department BEOM, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Mitsuharu Yagi
- Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Claudio Agnisola
- Department of Biology, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, University of Naples Federico II, Edificio 7, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Onofrio
- Genome Evolution and Organization - Department BEOM, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
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Gori A, Ferrier-Pagès C, Hennige SJ, Murray F, Rottier C, Wicks LC, Roberts JM. Physiological response of the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus to thermal stress and ocean acidification. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1606. [PMID: 26855864 PMCID: PMC4741066 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising temperatures and ocean acidification driven by anthropogenic carbon emissions threaten both tropical and temperate corals. However, the synergistic effect of these stressors on coral physiology is still poorly understood, in particular for cold-water corals. This study assessed changes in key physiological parameters (calcification, respiration and ammonium excretion) of the widespread cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus maintained for ∼8 months at two temperatures (ambient 12 °C and elevated 15 °C) and two pCO2 conditions (ambient 390 ppm and elevated 750 ppm). At ambient temperatures no change in instantaneous calcification, respiration or ammonium excretion rates was observed at either pCO2 levels. Conversely, elevated temperature (15 °C) significantly reduced calcification rates, and combined elevated temperature and pCO2 significantly reduced respiration rates. Changes in the ratio of respired oxygen to excreted nitrogen (O:N), which provides information on the main sources of energy being metabolized, indicated a shift from mixed use of protein and carbohydrate/lipid as metabolic substrates under control conditions, to less efficient protein-dominated catabolism under both stressors. Overall, this study shows that the physiology of D. dianthus is more sensitive to thermal than pCO2 stress, and that the predicted combination of rising temperatures and ocean acidification in the coming decades may severely impact this cold-water coral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gori
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Coral Ecophysiology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | | | - Sebastian J. Hennige
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Murray
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Rottier
- Coral Ecophysiology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Laura C. Wicks
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - J. Murray Roberts
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Avallone B, Agnisola C, Cerciello R, Panzuto R, Simoniello P, Cretì P, Motta CM. Structural and functional changes in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) skeletal muscle after cadmium exposure. Cell Biol Toxicol 2015; 31:273-83. [PMID: 26715392 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-015-9310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the alterations induced by an environmentally realistic concentration of cadmium in skeletal muscle fibre organization, composition, and function in the teleost zebrafish. Results demonstrate that the ion induces a significant quantitative and qualitative deterioration, disrupting sarcomeric pattern and altering glycoprotein composition. These events, together with a mitochondrial damage, result in a significant reduction in swimming performance. In conclusion, the evidence here collected indicate that in presence of an environmental cadmium contamination, important economic (yields in fisheries/aquaculture), consumer health (fish is an important source of proteins), and ecological (reduced fitness due to reduced swimming performance) consequences can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bice Avallone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8, Naples, 80134, Italy.
| | - Claudio Agnisola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | - Raimondo Cerciello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | - Raffaele Panzuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, 64291, Germany
| | - Patrizia Cretì
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Motta
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8, Naples, 80134, Italy
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Carlson JM, Hyde ER, Petrosino JF, Manage ABW, Primm TP. The host effects of Gambusia affinis with an antibiotic-disrupted microbiome. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 178:163-168. [PMID: 26475244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While serving as critical tools against bacterial infections, antimicrobial therapies can also result in serious side effects, such as antibiotic-associated entercolitis. Recent studies utilizing next generation sequencing to generate community 16S gene profiles have shown that antibiotics can strongly alter community composition and deplete diversity. However, how these community changes in the microbiota are related to the host side effects is still unclear. We have used the freshwater Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as a tractable vertebrate model system to study host effects following exposure to a broad spectrum antibiotic, rifampicin. After 3days of exposure, the bacterial communities of the mucosal skin and gut microbiomes lost diversity and shifted composition. Compared to unexposed controls, treated fish were more susceptible to a specific pathogen, Edwardsiella ictaluri, yet displayed no survival differences when subjected to a polymicrobial water challenge of soil or feces. Treated fish were more susceptible to osmotic stress from NaCl, but not to the toxin nitrate. Treated fish failed to gain weight as well as controls over one month when fed a matched diet. Because of small sample sizes, pathogen susceptibility and weight gain differences were not statistically significant. This study provides supporting evidence in an experimental laboratory system that an antibiotic can have significant and persistent negative host effects, and provides for future study into the mechanisms of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Carlson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Embriette R Hyde
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Integrative Molecular and Biosciences Training Program and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Integrative Molecular and Biosciences Training Program and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ananda B W Manage
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Todd P Primm
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA.
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Nur Y, Lead JR, Baalousha M. Evaluation of charge and agglomeration behavior of TiO₂ nanoparticles in ecotoxicological media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 535:45-53. [PMID: 25432129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic nature of nanoparticle (NP) agglomeration behavior is of paramount interest to many current studies in environmental nanoscience and nano(eco)toxicology because agglomeration affects the NP bioavailability and toxicity. The present study investigates the surface charge and agglomeration behavior of TiO2 NPs in four different ecotoxicological media (OECD algae, OECD L_variegatus, hardwater and plant media) and two different electrolytes KCl (200 mM) and CaCl2 (50 mM). TiO2 NPs were positively charged, and the zeta potential varied from +1.9 mV in hardwater (at pH7.1) to +24.5 mV in CaCl2 electrolyte (at pH7.4) in all media except algae media, where the zeta potential was -6.7 mV (at pH7.7). Despite the differences in the pH and the surface charge of TiO2 NPs in the different media, an immediate agglomeration of the NPs in all standard ecotoxicological media was observed with aggregate sizes in the micrometer scale, as the measured zeta potentials were insufficient to prevent TiO2 NP agglomeration. The isoelectric point (pHiep) of TiO2 NPs in the studied media varied in the range (6.8-7.6), which was attributed to preferential association of anions and cations to TiO2; that is the pHiep decreases with the increased concentration of Cl and increases with the increased concentrations of Na and Mg. Despite the complexity of the ecotoxicological media and the presence of a mixture of different monovalent and divalent electrolytes, the agglomeration kinetics in the media follows the DVLO theory where two distinct agglomeration rates (slow, reaction limited regime and fast, diffusion limited regime) were observable. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of TiO2 NPs in the ecotoxicological media varied from 17.6 to 54.0% v/v standard media in UHPW, due to differences in media pH and TiO2 NP surface charge. In the ecotoxicological media (hardwater, L-variegatus and plant), where TiO2 NPs are positively charged, the CCC decrease with the increased divalent anions (act as counter ions) concentration in the media, again in good agreement with the DLVO theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nur
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - J R Lead
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - M Baalousha
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
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39
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Tuulaikhuu BA, Romaní AM, Guasch H. Arsenic toxicity effects on microbial communities and nutrient cycling in indoor experimental channels mimicking a fluvial system. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 166:72-82. [PMID: 26240952 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of chemicals in the environment is influenced by many factors, such as the adsorption to mineral particles, active biological surfaces, biotransformation and/or nutrient concentration. In the present study, a simplified fluvial system including fish, periphyton and sediment was used to investigate the fate and effects of environmentally realistic concentration of arsenic (As) on biofilm growth and nutrient cycling. Total dissolved arsenic concentration decreased exponentially from 120μg/L to 28.0±1.5μg/L during the experiment (60 days), mostly sinking to the sediment and a smaller percentage accumulated in the periphytic biofilm. Most P and N, which was provided by fish, was also retained in the epipsammic biofilm (growing on sediment grains). We conclude that exposure to this concentration of arsenic under oligotrophic conditions is changing the quality and quantity of the base of the aquatic food chain and its respective contribution to nutrient cycling, and normal functioning of the ecosystem. The effects include lowering the total biomass of biofilm and its potential ability to use organic P (i.e., phosphatase activity), inhibiting algal growth, especially that of diatoms, decreasing nitrogen content, and making the epipsammic biofilm more heterotrophic, thus reducing its ability to oxygenate the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baigal-Amar Tuulaikhuu
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Spain.
| | - Anna M Romaní
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Spain
| | - Helena Guasch
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Spain.
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40
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Sloterdijk H, James NC, Smith MKS, Ekau W, Weyl OLF. Population dynamics and biology of an invasive population of mosquitofish Gambusia affinis in a temperate estuarine lake system. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2015.1021169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sinha AK, Rasoloniriana R, Dasan AF, Pipralia N, Blust R, De Boeck G. Interactive effect of high environmental ammonia and nutritional status on ecophysiological performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) acclimated to reduced seawater salinities. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 160:39-56. [PMID: 25625520 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the interactive effect of ammonia toxicity, salinity challenge and nutritional status on the ecophysiological performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish were progressively acclimated to normal seawater (32ppt), to brackish water (20ppt and 10ppt) and to hyposaline water (2.5ppt). Following acclimation to different salinities for two weeks, fish were exposed to high environmental ammonia (HEA, 20mg/L ∼1.18mM representing 50% of 96h LC50 value for ammonia) for 12h, 48h, 84h and 180h, and were either fed (2% body weight) or fasted (unfed for 7 days prior to HEA exposure). Biochemical responses such as ammonia (Jamm) and urea excretion rate, plasma ammonia, urea and lactate, plasma ions (Na(+), Cl(-) and K(+)) and osmolality, muscle water content (MWC) and liver and muscle energy budget (glycogen, lipid and protein), as well as branchial Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) and H(+)-ATPase activity, and branchial mRNA expression of NKA and Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) were investigated in order to understand metabolic and ion- osmoregulatory consequences of the experimental conditions. During HEA, Jamm was inhibited in fasted fish at 10ppt, while fed fish were still able to excrete efficiently. At 2.5ppt, both feeding groups subjected to HEA experienced severe reductions and eventually a reversion in Jamm. Overall, the build-up of plasma ammonia in HEA exposed fed fish was much lower than fasted ones. Unlike fasted fish, fed fish acclimated to lower salinities (10ppt-2.5ppt) could maintain plasma osmolality, [Na(+)], [Cl(-)] and MWC during HEA exposure. Thus fed fish were able to sustain ion-osmotic homeostasis which was associated with a more pronounced up-regulation in NKA expression and activity. At 2.5ppt both feeding groups activated H(+)-ATPase. The expression of NKCC1 was down-regulated at lower salinities in both fed and fasted fish, but was upregulated within each salinity after a few days of HEA exposure. Though an increment in plasma lactate content and a decline in energy stores were noted for both feeding regimes, the effect was more severe in feed deprived fish. Overall, several different physiological processes were disturbed in fasted sea bass during HEA exposure while feeding alleviated adverse effects of high ammonia and salinity challenge. This suggests that low food availability can render fish more vulnerable to external ammonia, especially at reduced seawater salinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sinha
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Rindra Rasoloniriana
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Antony Franklin Dasan
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nitin Pipralia
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Magellan K, Barral-Fraga L, Rovira M, Srean P, Urrea G, García-Berthou E, Guasch H. Behavioural and physical effects of arsenic exposure in fish are aggravated by aquatic algae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 156:116-124. [PMID: 25190483 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination has global impacts and freshwaters are major arsenic repositories. Arsenic toxicity depends on numerous interacting factors which makes effects difficult to estimate. The use of aquatic algae is often advocated for bioremediation of arsenic contaminated waters as they absorb arsenate and transform it into arsenite and methylated chemical species. Fish are another key constituent of aquatic ecosystems. Contamination in natural systems is often too low to cause mortality but sufficient to interfere with normal functioning. Alteration of complex, naturally occurring fish behaviours such as foraging and aggression are ecologically relevant indicators of toxicity and ideal for assessing sublethal impacts. We examined the effects of arsenic exposure in the invasive mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki, in a laboratory experiment incorporating some of the complexity of natural systems by including the interacting effects of aquatic algae. Our aims were to quantify the effects of arsenic on some complex behaviours and physical parameters in mosquitofish, and to assess whether the detoxifying mechanisms of algae would ameliorate any effects of arsenic exposure. Aggression increased significantly with arsenic whereas operculum movement decreased non-significantly and neither food capture efficiency nor consumption were notably affected. Bioaccumulation increased with arsenic and unexpectedly so did fish biomass. Possibly increased aggression facilitated food resource defence allowing fish to gain weight. The presence of algae aggravated the effects of arsenic exposure. For increase in fish biomass, algae acted antagonistically with arsenic, resulting in a disadvantageous reduction in weight gained. For bioaccumulation the effects were even more severe, as algae operated additively with arsenic to increase arsenic uptake and/or assimilation. Aggression was also highest in the presence of both algae and arsenic. Bioremediation of arsenic contaminated waters using aquatic algae should therefore be carried out with consideration of entire ecosystem effects. We highlight that multidisciplinary, cross-taxon research, particularly integrating behavioural and other effects, is crucial for understanding the impacts of arsenic toxicity and thus restoration of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Magellan
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - Laura Barral-Fraga
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Marona Rovira
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Pao Srean
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Gemma Urrea
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | | | - Helena Guasch
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain
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Truong L, Zaikova T, Richman EK, Hutchison JE, Tanguay RL. Media ionic strength impacts embryonic responses to engineered nanoparticle exposure. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:691-9. [PMID: 21809903 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.604440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic zebrafish were used to assess the impact of solution ion concentrations on agglomeration and resulting in vivo biological responses of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The minimum ion concentration necessary to support embryonic development was determined. Surprisingly, zebrafish exhibit no adverse outcomes when raised in nearly ion-free media. During a rapid throughput screening of AuNPs, 1.2-nm 3-mercaptopropionic acid-functionalized AuNPs (1.2-nm 3-MPA-AuNPs) rapidly agglomerate in exposure solutions. When embryos were exposed to 1.2-nm 3-MPA-AuNPs dispersed in low ionic media, both morbidity and mortality were induced, but when suspended in high ionic media, there was little to no biological response. We demonstrated that the media ionic strength greatly affects agglomeration rates and biological responses. Most importantly, the insensitivity of the zebrafish embryo to external ions indicates that it is possible, and necessary, to adjust the exposure media conditions to optimize NP dispersion prior to assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
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