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Jiang K, Yu H, Kong L, Liu S, Li Q. Molecular characterization of transcription factor CREB3L2 and CREB3L3 and their role in melanogenesis in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 273:110970. [PMID: 38604561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Colorful shells in mollusks are commonly attributable to the presence of biological pigments. In Pacific oysters, the inheritance patterns of several shell colors have been investigated, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of melanogenesis and pigmentation. cAMP-response element binding proteins (CREB) are important transcription factors in the cAMP-mediated melanogenesis pathway. In this study, we characterized two CREB genes (CREB3L2 and CREB3L3) from Pacific oysters. Both of them contained a conserved DNA-binding and dimerization domain (a basic-leucine zipper domain). CREB3L2 and CREB3L3 were expressed highly in the mantle tissues and exhibited higher expression levels in the black-shell oyster than in the white. Masson-Fontana melanin staining and immunofluorescence analysis showed that the location of CREB3L2 protein was generally consistent with the distribution of melanin in oyster edge mantle. Dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that CREB3L2 and CREB3L3 could activate the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) promoter and this process was regulated by the level of cAMP. Additionally, we found that cAMP regulated melanogenic gene expression through the CREB-MITF-TYR axis. These results implied that CREB3L2 and CREB3L3 play important roles in melanin synthesis and pigmentation in Pacific oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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2
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Tapanes E, Rennison DJ. The genetic basis of divergent melanic pigmentation in benthic and limnetic threespine stickleback. Heredity (Edinb) 2024:10.1038/s41437-024-00706-0. [PMID: 39048622 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation is an excellent trait to examine patterns of evolutionary change because it is often under natural selection. Benthic and limnetic threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) exhibit distinct pigmentation phenotypes, likely an adaptation to occupation of divergent niches. The genetic architecture of pigmentation in vertebrates appears to be complex. Prior QTL mapping of threespine stickleback pigmentation phenotypes has identified several candidate loci. However-relative to other morphological phenotypes (e.g., spines or lateral plates)-the genetic architecture of threespine stickleback pigmentation remains understudied. Here, we performed QTL mapping for two melanic pigmentation traits (melanophore density and lateral barring) using benthic-limnetic F2 crosses. The two traits mapped to different chromosomes, suggesting a distinct genetic basis. The resulting QTLs were additive, but explained a relatively small fraction of the total variance (~6%). QTLs maps differed by F1 family, suggesting variation in genetic architecture or ability to detect loci of small effect. Functional analysis identified enriched pathways for candidate loci. Several of the resulting candidate loci for pigmentation, including three loci in enriched pathways (bco1, sulf1, and tyms) have been previously indicated to affect pigmentation in other vertebrates. These findings add to a growing body of evidence suggesting pigmentation is often polygenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Tapanes
- School of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Diana J Rennison
- School of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Blandon IR, DiBona E, Battenhouse A, Vargas S, Mace C, Seemann F. Analysis of the Skin and Brain Transcriptome of Normally Pigmented and Pseudo-Albino Southern Flounder ( Paralichthys lethostigma) Juveniles to Study the Molecular Mechanisms of Hypopigmentation and Its Implications for Species Survival in the Natural Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7775. [PMID: 39063015 PMCID: PMC11277284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Southern flounder skin pigmentation is a critical phenotypic characteristic for this species' survival in the natural environment. Normal pigmentation allows rapid changes of color for concealment to capture prey and UV light protection. In contrast, highly visible hypopigmented pseudo-albinos exhibit a compromised immune system and are vulnerable to predation, sensitive to UV exposure, and likely have poor survival in the wild. Skin and brain tissue samples from normally pigmented and hypopigmented individuals were analyzed with next-generation RNA sequencing. A total of 1,589,613 transcripts were used to identify 952,825 genes to assemble a de novo transcriptome, with 99.43% of genes mapped to the assembly. Differential gene expression and gene enrichment analysis of contrasting tissues and phenotypes revealed that pseudo-albino individuals appeared more susceptible to environmental stress, UV light exposure, hypoxia, and osmotic stress. The pseudo-albinos' restricted immune response showed upregulated genes linked to cancer development, signaling and response, skin tissue formation, regeneration, and healing. The data indicate that a modified skin collagen structure likely affects melanocyte differentiation and distribution, generating the pseudo-albino phenotype. In addition, the comparison of the brain transcriptome revealed changes in myelination and melanocyte stem cell activity, which may indicate modified brain function, reduced melanocyte migration, and impaired vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne R. Blandon
- Coastal Fisheries Division CCA Marine Development Center, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 4300 Waldron Rd., Corpus Christi, TX 78418, USA
| | - Elizabeth DiBona
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A and M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Anna Battenhouse
- Center for Biochemical Research Computing Facility, University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sean Vargas
- Genomic Core Facility, University of Texas at San Antonio, UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
| | - Christopher Mace
- Coastal Fisheries Division CCA Marine Development Center, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 4300 Waldron Rd., Corpus Christi, TX 78418, USA
| | - Frauke Seemann
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A and M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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4
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Qi Y, Liu C, Yuan G, Guo H, Näslund J, Wang Y, Ru J, Ou Y, Chai X, Zhang X. Disparities in Body Color Adaptability and Ambient Light Color Preference between Wild and Hatchery-Reared Marbled Rockfish ( Sebastiscus marmoratus). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1701. [PMID: 38891750 PMCID: PMC11171049 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hatchery rearing significantly influences the phenotypic development of fish, with potential adverse effects for the post-release performance of hatchery-reared individuals in natural environments, especially when targeted for stock enhancement. To assess the suitability of releasing hatchery-reared fish, a comprehensive understanding of the phenotypic effects of captive rearing, through comparisons with their wild conspecifics, is essential. In this study, we investigated the divergence in body coloration between wild and hatchery-reared marbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus. We examined the selection preferences for different light colors and assessed the impact of different ambient light colors on the morphological color-changing ability of juvenile marbled rockfish. Our findings revealed significant differences in body color between wild and hatchery-reared marbled rockfish. The hue and saturation values of wild marbled rockfish were significantly higher than those of their hatchery-reared counterparts, indicative of deeper and more vibrant body coloration in the wild population. Following a ten-day rearing period under various light color environments, the color of wild marbled rockfish remained relatively unchanged. In contrast, hatchery-reared marbled rockfish tended to change their color, albeit not reaching wild-like coloration. Light color preference tests demonstrated that wild juvenile marbled rockfish exhibited a preference for a red-light environment, while hatchery-reared individuals showed a similar but weaker response. Both wild and hatchery-reared marbled rockfish displayed notable negative phototaxis in the presence of yellow and blue ambient light. These results highlight the impact of hatchery rearing conditions on the body color and morphological color-changing ability, and provide insight into light color selection preferences of marbled rockfish. To mitigate the divergence in phenotypic development and produce more wild-like fish for stocking purposes, modifications to the hatchery environment, such as the regulation of ambient light color, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Qi
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Y.Q.); (C.L.); (G.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.R.); (Y.O.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chenhui Liu
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Y.Q.); (C.L.); (G.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.R.); (Y.O.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guozi Yuan
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Y.Q.); (C.L.); (G.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.R.); (Y.O.); (X.Z.)
| | - Haoyu Guo
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Y.Q.); (C.L.); (G.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.R.); (Y.O.); (X.Z.)
| | - Joacim Näslund
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden;
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Y.Q.); (C.L.); (G.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.R.); (Y.O.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jiangfeng Ru
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Y.Q.); (C.L.); (G.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.R.); (Y.O.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yingying Ou
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Y.Q.); (C.L.); (G.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.R.); (Y.O.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuejun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Enhancement, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, China;
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Y.Q.); (C.L.); (G.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.R.); (Y.O.); (X.Z.)
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Liu J, Bitsue HK, Yang Z. Skin colour: A window into human phenotypic evolution and environmental adaptation. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17369. [PMID: 38713101 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
As modern humans ventured out of Africa and dispersed around the world, they faced novel environmental challenges that led to geographic adaptations including skin colour. Over the long history of human evolution, skin colour has changed dramatically, showing tremendous diversity across different geographical regions, for example, the majority of individuals from the expansive lands of Africa have darker skin, whereas the majority of people from Eurasia exhibit lighter skin. What adaptations did lighter skin confer upon modern humans as they migrated from Africa to Eurasia? What genetic mechanisms underlie the diversity of skin colour observed in different populations? In recent years, scientists have gradually gained a deeper understanding of the interactions between pigmentation gene and skin colour through population-based genomic studies of different groups around the world, particularly in East Asia and Africa. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of 26 skin colour-related pigmentation genes and 48 SNPs that influence skin colour. Important pigmentation genes across three major populations are described in detail: MFSD12, SLC24A5, PDPK1 and DDB1/CYB561A3/TMEM138 influence skin colour in African populations; OCA2, KITLG, SLC24A2, GNPAT and PAH are key to the evolution of skin pigmentation in East Asian populations; and SLC24A5, SLC45A2, TYR, TYRP1, ASIP, MC1R and IRF4 significantly contribute to the lightening of skin colour in European populations. We summarized recent findings in genomic studies of skin colour in populations that implicate diverse geographic environments, local adaptation among populations, gene flow and multi-gene interactions as factors influencing skin colour diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuming Liu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Habtom K Bitsue
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Tang S, Janpoom S, Prasertlux S, Rongmung P, Ittarat W, Ratdee O, Khamnamtong B, Klinbunga S. Identification of pigmentation genes in skin, muscle and tail of a Thai-flag variety of Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101243. [PMID: 38749208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Pigmentation genes expressed in skin, body muscle and tail of Thai-flag compared with Blue, White and Red varieties of Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens were identified. In total, 22,919 new unigenes were found. Pearson correlation and PCA analysis revealed that expression profiles of genes in muscle, skin and tail across solid color variety were similar. In contrast, those in skin and red tail part of Thai-flag were closely related but they showed different expression profiles with the white tail part. Moreover, 21,347-64,965 SNPs were identified in exonic regions of identified genes. In total, 28,899 genes were differentially expressed between paired comparisons of libraries where 13,907 genes (48.12 %) were upregulated and 14,992 genes (51.88 %) were downregulated. DEGs between paired libraries were 106-5775 genes relative to the compared libraries (56-2982 and 50-2782 for upregulated and downregulated DEGs). Interestingly, 432 pigmentation genes of B. splendens were found. Of these, 297 DEGs showed differential expression between varieties. Many DEGs in melanogenesis (Bsmcr1r, Bsmcr5r, and Bsslc2a15b), tyrosine metabolism (Bstyr, Bstyrp1b and Bsdct), stripe repressor (BsAsip1 and BsAsip2b), pteridine (Bsgch2) and carotenoid (BsBco2) biosynthesis were downregulated in the Thai-flag compared with solid color varieties. Expression of Bsbco1l, Bsfrem2b, Bskcnj13, Bszic2a and Bspah in skin, muscle and tail of Thai-flag, Blue, Red and White varieties was analyzed by qRT-PCR and revealed differential expression between fish varieties and showed anatomical tissue-preferred expression patterns in the same fish variety. The information could be applied to assist genetic-based development of new B. splendens varieties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureerat Tang
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirithorn Janpoom
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirikan Prasertlux
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Puttawan Rongmung
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanwipa Ittarat
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Onchuda Ratdee
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Bavornlak Khamnamtong
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirawut Klinbunga
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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Jiang K, Yu H, Kong L, Liu S, Li Q. cAMP-Mediated CREM-MITF-TYR Axis Regulates Melanin Synthesis in Pacific Oysters. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 26:460-474. [PMID: 38613620 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Colorful shells in bivalves are mostly caused by the presence of biological pigments, among which melanin is a key component in the formation of shell colours. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important messenger in the regulation of pigmentation in some species. However, the role of cAMP in bivalve melanogenesis has not yet been reported. In this study, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to determine the role of cAMP in regulating melanogenesis in Pacific oysters. Besides, the function of cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) and the interactions between CREM and melanogenic genes were investigated. Our results showed that a high level of cAMP promotes the expression of melanogenic genes in Pacific oysters. CREM controls the expression of the MITF gene under cAMP regulation. In addition, CREM can regulate melanogenic gene expression, tyrosine metabolism, and melanin synthesis. These results indicate that cAMP plays an important role in the regulation of melanogenesis in Pacific oysters. CREM is a key transcription factor in the oyster melanin synthesis pathway, which plays a crucial role in oyster melanin synthesis through a cAMP-mediated CREM-MITF-TYR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lingfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Liu S, Hou Y, Shi YJ, Zhang N, Hu YG, Chen WM, Zhang JL. Triphenyltin induced darker body coloration by disrupting melanocortin system and pteridine metabolic pathway in a reef fish, Amphiprion ocellaris. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116177. [PMID: 38461573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Triphenyltin (TPT) is a typical persistent organic pollutant whose occurrence in coral reef ecosystems may threaten the survival of reef fishes. In this study, a brightly colored representative reef fish, Amphiprion ocellaris was used to explore the effects of TPT at environmental levels (1, 10, and 100 ng/L) on skin pigment synthesis. After the fish were exposed to TPT for 60 days, the skin became darker, owing to an increase in the relative area of black stripes, a decrease in orange color values while an increase in brown color values, and an increase in the number of melanocytes in the orange part of the skin tissues. To explore the mechanisms by which TPT induces darker body coloration, the enzymatic activity and gene expression levels of the members of melanocortin system that affect melanin synthesis were evaluated. Leptin levels and lepr expression were found to be increased after TPT exposure, which likely contributed to the increase found in pomc expression and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) levels. Then Tyr activity and mc1r, tyr, tyrp1, mitf, and dct were upregulated, ultimately increasing melanin levels. Importantly, RT-qPCR results were consistent with the transcriptome analysis of trends in lepr and pomc expression. Because the orange color values decreased, pterin levels and the pteridine metabolic pathway were also evaluated. The results showed that TPT induced BH4 levels and spr, xdh, and gch1 expression associated with pteridine synthesis decreased, ultimately decreasing the colored pterin content (sepiapterin). We conclude that TPT exposure interferes with the melanocortin system and pteridine metabolic pathway to increase melanin and decrease colored pterin levels, leading to darker body coloration in A. ocellaris. Given the importance of body coloration for the survival and reproduction of reef fishes, studies on the effects of pollutants (others alongside TPT) on body coloration are of high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Ya-Jun Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Yi-Guang Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Wen-Ming Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Ji-Liang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Civilization and Integrated Land-Sea Development, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China.
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Wu L, Sun W, Zhou J, Li Y, Li J, Song Z, Song C, Xu S, Yue X, Li X. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals growth and molecular pathway of body color regulation in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) exposed to different light spectrum. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101165. [PMID: 38007980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Fish body color changes play vital roles in adapting to ecological light environment and influencing market value. However, the initial mechanisms governing the changes remain unknown. Here, we scrutinized the impact of light spectrum on turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) body coloration, exposing them to red, blue, and full light spectra from embryo to 90 days post hatch. Transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses were employed to elucidate underlying biological processes. The results showed that red light induced dimorphism in turbot juvenile skin pigmentation: some exhibited black coloration (Red_Black_Surface, R_B_S), while others displayed lighter skin (Red_White_Bottom, R_W_B), with red light leading to reduced skin lightness (L*) and body weight, particularly in R_B_S group. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses showcased upregulated gene expressions related to melanin synthesis in R_B_S individuals, notably tyrosinase (tyr), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (tyrp1), and dopachrome tautomerase (dct), alongside solute carrier family 24 member 5 (slc24a5) and oculocutaneous albinism type II (oca2) as pivotal regulators. Nervous system emerged as a critical mediator in spectral environment-driven color regulation. N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor, and calcium signaling pathway emerged as pivotal links intertwining spectral conditions, neural signal transduction, and color regulation. The individual differences in NMDA glutamate receptor expression and subsequent neural excitability seemed responsible for dichromatic body coloration in red light-expose juveniles. This study provides new insights into the comprehending of fish adaptation to environment and methods for fish body color regulation and could potentially help enhance the economic benefit of fish farming industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266001, PR China
| | - Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266001, PR China
| | - Jiale Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266001, PR China
| | - Yaolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266001, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zongcheng Song
- Weihai Shenghang Aquatic Product Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Weihai 264200, PR China
| | - Changbin Song
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shihong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xinlu Yue
- Weihai Shenghang Aquatic Product Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Weihai 264200, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266001, PR China.
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Hana HNS, El-Lateif RSAA, El-Galil MAEAAA, Mousa MAA, Ali FAZ. Skin histopathological responses of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) to transportation in water with and without salt. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:55. [PMID: 38350905 PMCID: PMC10863105 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) is a well-known economic fish species that can thrive under the right environmental circumstances. The transport of live fish, either for food or as companion animals, presents a big issue for animal welfare at the same time it is considered one of stressful conditions. Hence, the present study investigated the skin histopathological responses of O. niloticus that were attributed to stress and salt addition during transportation. Three experimental groups of O. niloticus the 1st is the control non-transported group (CG), the 2nd is transport in water without salt (PT-S) and the 3rd is transport in water containing 5gL- 1salt (PT + S), the last 2 groups were transported in 5 h transport model. Results indicate that the skin of PT-S fish showed a marked decrease in epidermal thickness, decreased number of goblet cells, and an increase in the sub-epidermal and dermal pigments with the presence of large edematous vacuoles. Fish skin from PT + S demonstrated mild hydropic swelling in epidermal cells with normal goblet (mucous) cells density, and more or less normal melanin pigment distribution in sub epidermis and on the dermis layers, however, dermis showed mild edematous spaces. Scanning microscopy of PT-S skin tissue showed few scratched white patches among normal regions that may represent a thickened surface with the decreased number of goblets cell opening, while the PT + S group showed moderate preservation of surface skin architectures with the presence of goblet (mucous) cells opening in spite of presence of slight thickened white patches. The estimated total lesion changes present in PT-S group showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) compared with the control (CG) group. On the other hand, PT + S showed significant (P < 0.001) improvement in the overall previously recorded changes compared with the PT-S group, and a non- significant change in the histological architectures compared with the control group. Our findings underlined the importance of skin and its mucous cover health during transportation. The use 5 gL- 1salt during O. niloticus transportation appears to preserve the surface skin features, and keep the goblet (mucous) cells open to the external surface, and may act as a deterrent for the release of mucus from goblet (mucous) cells in response to stress and lessen the stress of transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamed Abd Allah Mousa
- Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Pathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
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11
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Zapata AG. The fish spleen. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109280. [PMID: 38086514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we review the structure and function of fish spleen with special emphasis on its condition in Elasmobranchs, Teleosts and Lungfish. Apart from the amount of splenic lymphoid tissue, the histological organization of the organ ensures the existence of areas involved in antigen trapping, the ellipsoids, and exhibit numerous melano-macrophages which appear isolated or forming the so-called melano-macrophage centres. An extensive discussion on the functional significance of these centres conclude that they are mere accumulations of macrophages consequence of tissue homeostasis rather than primitive germinal centres, as proposed by some authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín G Zapata
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Song F, Zheng D, Yang Z, Shi L, Lu X, Yao F, Liang H, Wang L, Wang X, Chen H, Sun J, Luo J. Weighted correlation network analysis of the genes in the eyes of juvenile Plectropomus leopardus provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the adaptation to the background color. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 48:101123. [PMID: 37604728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Plectropomus leopardus is a valuable marine fish whose skin color is strongly affected by the background color. However, the influence of the visual sense on the skin color variation of P. leopardus remains unknown. In the present study, transcriptome analysis was used to examine the visual response mechanism under different background colors. Paraffin sections of the eyes showed that the background color caused morphological changes in the pigment cells (PCs) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) and the darkening of the iris color. The transcriptome analysis results indicated that the gene expressions in the eyes of P. leopardus were significantly different for different background colors. We identified 4845, 3069, 5874, and 6309 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the pairwise comparisons of white vs. initial, blue vs. initial, red vs. initial, and black vs. initial groups, respectively. Some hub genes and key pathways regulating the adaptive mechanism of P. leopardus's eyes to the background color were identified, i.e., the JAK-STAT, mTOR, and Ras signaling pathways, and the ndufb7, slc6a13, and novel.3553 gene. This adaptation was achieved through the synthesis of stress proteins and energy balance supply mediated by hub genes and key pathways. In addition, the phenylalanine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and actin cytoskeleton-related processes or pathways and genes were responsible for iris and skin color adaptation. In summary, we inferred that stress protein synthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and energy homeostasis were critical stress pathways for P. leopardus to adapt its skin color to the environment. These new findings indicate that the P. leopardus skin color variation may have been caused by the environmental adaption of the eyes. The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the skin color adaptation of P. leopardus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feibiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Da Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zihang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fucheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huapeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junlong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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13
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Liao Y, Shi H, Han T, Jiang D, Lu B, Shi G, Zhu C, Li G. Pigment Identification and Gene Expression Analysis during Erythrophore Development in Spotted Scat ( Scatophagus argus) Larvae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15356. [PMID: 37895036 PMCID: PMC10607709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Red coloration is considered an economically important trait in some fish species, including spotted scat, a marine aquaculture fish. Erythrophores are gradually covered by melanophores from the embryonic stage. Despite studies of black spot formation and melanophore coloration in the species, little is known about erythrophore development, which is responsible for red coloration. 1-phenyl 2-thiourea (PTU) is a tyrosinase inhibitor commonly used to inhibit melanogenesis and contribute to the visualization of embryonic development. In this study, spotted scat embryos were treated with 0.003% PTU from 0 to 72 h post fertilization (hpf) to inhibit melanin. Erythrophores were clearly observed during the embryonic stage from 14 to 72 hpf, showing an initial increase (14 to 36 hpf), followed by a gradual decrease (36 to 72 hpf). The number and size of erythrophores at 36 hpf were larger than those at 24 and 72 hpf. At 36 hpf, LC-MS and absorbance spectrophotometry revealed that the carotenoid content was eight times higher than the pteridine content, and β-carotene and lutein were the main pigments related to red coloration in spotted scat larvae. Compared with their expression in the normal hatching group, rlbp1b, rbp1.1, and rpe65a related to retinol metabolism and soat2 and apoa1 related to steroid hormone biosynthesis and steroid biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated in the PTU group, and rh2 associated with phototransduction was significantly down-regulated. By qRT-PCR, the expression levels of genes involved in carotenoid metabolism (scarb1, plin6, plin2, apoda, bco1, and rep65a), pteridine synthesis (gch2), and chromatophore differentiation (slc2a15b and csf1ra) were significantly higher at 36 hpf than at 24 hpf and 72 hpf, except for bco1. These gene expression profiles were consistent with the developmental changes of erythrophores. These findings provide insights into pigment cell differentiation and gene function in the regulation of red coloration and contribute to selective breeding programs for ornamental aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguan Liao
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (T.H.); (D.J.); (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hongjuan Shi
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (T.H.); (D.J.); (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Tong Han
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (T.H.); (D.J.); (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Dongneng Jiang
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (T.H.); (D.J.); (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Baoyue Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Gang Shi
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (T.H.); (D.J.); (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (T.H.); (D.J.); (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Guangli Li
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (T.H.); (D.J.); (G.S.); (C.Z.)
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14
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Tong H, Shao G, Wang L, Li J, Wang T, Zhang L, Lv Y, Ye F, Fu C, Jin Y. Association of a single amino acid replacement with dorsal pigmentation in a lizard from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124907. [PMID: 37230451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reptiles can evolve adaptive colors in different environments, but relatively little is known about the genetic mechanisms. Here, we identified the MC1R gene and its association with intraspecific color variation in the lizard Phrynocephalus erythrurus. Analysis of the MC1R sequence in 143 individuals from dark South Qiangtang Plateau (SQP) and light North Qiangtang plateau (NQP) populations, revealed two amino acid sites that showed significant differences in frequency between two areas. One SNP, corresponding to Glu183Lys residue, was found to be a highly significant outlier and differentially fixed for SQP and NQP populations. This residue is located in an extracellular area in the second small extracellular loop within the secondary structure of MC1R, which represents an "attachment pocket" part of the 3D structure. Cytological expression of MC1R alleles with the Glu183Lys replacement showed a 39 % increase in intracellular agonist-induced cyclic AMP levels and a 23.18 % greater cell surface expression of MC1R protein in the SQP relative to the NQP allele. Further in silico 3D modeling and in vitro binding experiments indicated a higher MC1R-α-MSH binding for the SQP allele, and elevated melanin synthesis. We provide an overview of how a single amino acid replacement leads to fundamental changes in MC1R function, and hence shapes variation in dorsal pigmentation in lizards from different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Tong
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Gang Shao
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Leijie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jiasheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yudie Lv
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Fei Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Caiyun Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuanting Jin
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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15
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Ng TT, Lau CC, Tan MP, Wong LL, Sung YY, Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad T, Van de Peer Y, LiYing S, Danish-Daniel M. Cutaneous transcriptomic profiling and candidate pigment genes in the wild discus ( Symphysodon spp.). NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2023.2180763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tsyh Ng
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Aquacity Tropical Fish Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cher Chien Lau
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Min Pau Tan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Li Lian Wong
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | | | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, and Centre for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sui LiYing
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhd Danish-Daniel
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
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16
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Svitačová K, Slavík O, Horký P. Pigmentation potentially influences fish welfare in aquaculture. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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17
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Liu S, Zhang N, Liang Z, Li EC, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zhang J. Butylparaben Exposure Induced Darker Skin Pigmentation in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). TOXICS 2023; 11:119. [PMID: 36850994 PMCID: PMC9959106 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Butylparaben (BuP), as an emerging contaminant with endocrine-disrupting effects, may exert effects on skin pigmentation in fish by interfering with the neuroendocrine system. Therefore, models of BuP exposure in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were established by adding different doses of BuP (0, 5, 50, 500, and 5000 ng/L) for 56 days. The obtained results showed that BuP exposure induced darker skin pigmentation, manifested as increased melanin content of skin, while genes related to melanin synthesis, including α-MSH and Asip2, significantly changed. In addition, BuP exposure reduced dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid content in the brain, which is related to the synthesis of α-MSH. Furthermore, the release of neurotransmitters from the brain is affected by light. Thus, the relative gene expression levels in the phototransduction pathway were evaluated to explore the molecular mechanism of BuP-induced darker skin pigmentation, and the obtained results showed that Arr3a and Arr3b expression was significantly upregulated, whereas Opsin expression was significantly downregulated in a BuP dose-dependent manner, indicating that BuP inhibited phototransduction from the retina to the brain. Importantly, correlation analysis results showed that all melanin indexes were significantly positively correlated with Arr3b expression and negatively correlated with Opsin expression. This study indicated that BuP induced darker skin pigmentation in Nile tilapia via the neuroendocrine circuit, which reveals the underlying molecular mechanism for the effects of contaminants in aquatic environments on skin pigmentation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Zhifang Liang
- Hainan ForYou Ecological Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 570100, China
| | - Er-chao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Jiliang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 570100, China
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18
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Wu G, Mou X, Song H, Liu Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Liu C. Characterization and functional analysis of pax3 in body color transition of polychromatic Midas cichlids (Amphilophus citrinellus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 263:110779. [PMID: 35926705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As the representative genetic and economic trait of ornamental fish, skin color has a strong impact on speciation and adaptation. However, the genetic basis of skin color pigmentation, differentiation and change is still not understood. The Midas cichlid fish with three typical body color transition stages of "black-gray‑gold" is an ideal model system for investigating the formation and change of fish body color. In this study, to investigate the regulatory role of the pair box 3 (pax3) gene in the early body color fading process of Midas cichlids, the complete cDNA sequence (3513 bp) of pax3 was successfully isolated from Midas cichlids (Amphilophus Citrinellus), and found to encode polypeptides of 491 amino acids. Expression patterns of the pax3 gene in tissues of Midas cichlids during different periods, including embryonic development and body color fading stages were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that pax3 was expressed in all tissues of adult fish, with a higher expression level in muscle and skin. The highest expression level in muscle tissue was significantly higher than that in other tissues (P < 0.05). During embryonic development, the expression tendency of pax3 was first increased and then decreased. In the three typical stages of early skin color fading from black to gold, pax3 expression in skin, caudal fin and scales all showed a downward trend. The expression level in the black stage was significantly higher than that in other stages (P < 0.05). Positive signal of pax3 protein was detected in the three typical skin color conversion stages, and the highest positive signal intensity was detected in the black stage, which was consistent with qRT-PCR results. After pax3 RNA interference, pax3 and the downstream genes mitf and tyr all decreased, while dct mRNA expression increased in the skin of fish. Western blotting also showed a decrease in pax3 protein concentration. Those results suggest that pax3 plays an important role in skin color formation, distribution and change in Midas cichlids through the melanogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Wu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xidong Mou
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Xuejie Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Yexin Yang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380, China
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19
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Fierro-Castro C, Rotllant J, Cerdá-Reverter JM, Tort L. Loss-of-function mutations in melanocortin-1 receptor modulate immune response in teleost fishes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:838-846. [PMID: 36334699 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin system is an ancient neuroendocrine system conserved from teleosts to mammals. The melanocortin system is a set of complex neuroendocrine signaling pathways involved in numerous physiological processes, and particularly associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis response. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is the central melanocortin receptor involved in pigmentation in vertebrates, including fish. In order to assess the immune role of MC1R, this study used a homozygous Mc1r knockout zebrafish. Hence, skin cortisol levels, variations in the blood leucocyte population, as well as the expression levels of immune genes in various tissues of wild-type TU strain (Tübingen, Nüsslein-Volhard Lab) (WT) and homozygous mc1r knockout zebrafish (mc1rK.O.) stimulated with LPS was carried out. Results show that the mc1rK.O. mutant fish produce lower levels of cortisol in mucus and fewer macrophages in blood after exposure to LPS compared to control fish. Regarding the expression of immune genes, mutant fish show a significant increase in the expression of the anti-inflammatory interleukin il10. These results suggest that the mc1rK.O. mutant fish may follow an alternative mechanism among the immune responses, where macrophages seem to have an anti-inflammatory function, attenuating nitric oxide (NO) production and providing an advantage through the mitigation of excessive or strong inflammatory reactions. Nonetheless, a lower number of this cell type could imply a reduced phagocytic potential in the face of an infection. At the same time, lower cortisol levels in the mc1rK.O. mutant fish could be an advantage as for the lower susceptibility to stress and the physiological and metabolic consequences of high cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camino Fierro-Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Josep Rotllant
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Cerdá-Reverter
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de La Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Lluís Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Song F, Shi L, Yao F, Gu Y, Zheng D, Zhang W, Liang Y, Zhang K, Yang M, Wang L, Sun J, Luo J. The Effect of Background Color on Skin Color Variation of Juvenile Plectropomus leopardus. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233349. [PMID: 36496870 PMCID: PMC9738834 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish skin color is usually strongly affected by the background color of their environment. The study investigated the effects of five different background colors on the skin color of leopard coral groupers (Plectropomus leopardus). More than 450 juveniles were reared in Blue, Red, Black, White, and Transparent background tanks for 56 days. The paraffin section showed that the skin melanin zone of fish in the White group was smaller, whereas the Black and Red groups (especially Black) were nearly the largest. The apparent skin color of P. leopardus was red on the white background, which darkened in response to the other color backgrounds. The Black group revealed the blackest skin color, followed by the transparent group. Moreover, the White group had the highest L*, a*, and b* values. The melanin content and tyrosinase activity in the dorsal and ventral skin of the Black group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.05), and the serum α-MSH level was higher in the Black group as well. The carotenoid and lutein contents showed completely different trends among the experimental groups, as carotenoid content was higher in the Red and White groups, while lutein content was higher in the Transparent group. The expression level of scarb1 was highest in the Blue and White groups, followed by the Transparent group, and lowest in the Black group (p < 0.05). The expression trend of scarb1 was similar to the skin color in different backgrounds, indicating that the background color regulated scarb1 expression level through visual center, then influenced the uptake and transport of carotenoids, then influenced the skin color formation of P. leopardus. Moreover, lighter colors inhibited the formation of melanocytes and had a significant effect on carotenoid and lutein contents. Pigment-related genes were involved in the regulation of fish skin color, and they were affected by background color in P. leopardus. These results indicate that a white background is more conducive to maintaining red skin color in juvenile P. leopardus.
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21
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Leal E, Angotzi AR, Gregório SF, Ortiz-Delgado JB, Rotllant J, Fuentes J, Tafalla C, Cerdá-Reverter JM. Role of the melanocortin system in zebrafish skin physiology. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:591-601. [PMID: 36150411 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) acts as both a competitive antagonist and inverse agonist of melanocortin receptors which regulate dorsal-ventral pigmentation patterns in fish. However, the potential role of ASIP in the regulation of additional physiological pathways in the skin is unknown. The skin plays a crucial role in the immune function, acting as a physical limitation against infestation and also as a chemical barrier due to its ability to synthesize and secrete mucus and many immune effector proteins. In this study, the putative role of ASIP in regulating the immune system of skin has been explored using a transgenic zebrafish model overexpressing the asip1 gene (ASIPzf). Initially, the structural changes in skin induced by asip1 overexpression were studied, revealing that the ventral skin of ASIPzf was thinner than that of wild type (WT) animals. A moderate hypertrophy of mucous cells was also found in ASIPzf. Histochemical studies showed that transgenic animals appear to compensate for the lower number of cell layers by modifying the mucus composition and increasing lectin affinity and mucin content in order to maintain or improve protection against microorganism adhesion. ASIPzf also exhibit higher protein concentration under crowding conditions suggesting an increased mucus production under stressful conditions. Exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed that ASIPzf exhibit a faster pro-inflammatory response and increased mucin expression yet severe skin injures and a slight increase in mortality was observed. Electrophysiological measurements show that the ASIP1 genotype exhibits reduced epithelial resistance, an indicator of reduced tissue integrity and barrier function. Overall, not only are ASIP1 animals more prone to infiltration and subsequent infections due to reduced skin epithelial integrity, but also display an increased inflammatory response that can lead to increased skin sensitivity to external infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Leal
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Aquiculture de Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595, Castellon, Spain.
| | - A R Angotzi
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Aquiculture de Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595, Castellon, Spain
| | - S F Gregório
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - J B Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN, CSIC Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J Rotllant
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - J Fuentes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - C Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Cerdá-Reverter
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Aquiculture de Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595, Castellon, Spain.
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22
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Complex Regulatory Pathway of Background Color in Juvenile Plectropomus leopardus Skin Color Variation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911186. [PMID: 36232493 PMCID: PMC9569894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish skin color is often strongly affected by background color. We hypothesized that the regulatory mechanism of variations in skin color in P. leopardus is linked to the background color. In this study, we conducted transcriptome analysis of Plectropomus leopardus cultured under different background colors to compare gene expression levels and the important signaling pathways. The RNA-seq analysis yielded 26,675 known mRNAs, 3278 novel mRNAs, and 3179 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs related to melanin synthesis were screened out. Some key melanin-related genes were identified, specifically tyr, slc7a11, mc1r, ednrb, dct, tat, and wnt1. These DEGs were mainly involved in melanogenesis, including tyrosine metabolism, the Wnt signaling pathway, and the cAMP signaling pathway. The expression levels of some key genes were upregulated when background color deepened, such as α-msh, wnt, and gf. The α-MSH/cAMP-dependent, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were activated, resulting in the accumulation of intracellular mitf. mitf promoted melanin production by binding to the tyr/tyrp1/dct promoter region. In the present study, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying the darkened skin color pattern of P. leopardus, providing a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism underlying pigmentation in P. leopardus.
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23
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Tang S, Janpoom S, Prasertlux S, Rongmung P, Ratdee O, Zhang W, Khamnamtong B, Klinbunga S. Transcriptome comparison for identification of pigmentation-related genes in different color varieties of Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 43:101014. [PMID: 35868113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome comparison was performed to identify genes expressed in skin, muscle and tails of mono-color (Red, Blue, Black, White and Yellow), bi-color (Cambodian) and multi-color (Marble) varieties of Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens. In total, 163,140 unigenes covering 26.348 Gb were found. Of these, 93,899 (57.55 %) unigenes significantly matched at least one database. In total, 5039 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found where 2415 genes (47.93 %) showed higher expression and 2624 genes (52.07 %) showed lower expression for all pairwise comparisons. DEGs between paired color varieties were 133-443. Of these, 38-220 genes were more highly expressed while 37-280 genes were more lowly expressed relative to the compared varieties. A total of 897 sequences (148 genes) significantly matched pigmentation-related genes of Danio rerio (E-value < 1e-06). Of these, 19 DEGs were identified. Examples are tyrosinase-related protein 1a (BsTyrp1a), epidermal growth factor receptor (BsEgfr) and neurofibronin 1a (BsNf1a). Moreover, 711,123 SNPs were identified and 1365 of these were located in pigmentation-related genes. Interestingly, an A > C474 SNP in the gene BsTrpm7 and an indel (position 3571) in the BsItgb1a gene were found only in Cambodian. A C > T2520 SNP in BsFzd4 and 10 of 11 SNPs in BsTyrp1a were found only in Black. Different expression levels (P < 0.05) were found for tyrosinase (BsTyr), BsTyrp1a, BsNf1a and BsEgf1 among skin, body muscle and tails of the same variety and among the same tissues of different varieties (Red, Green, Blue, Black, Cambodian and Multi-colors, N = 5 each).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureerat Tang
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirithorn Janpoom
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirikan Prasertlux
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Puttawan Rongmung
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ornchuda Ratdee
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanchang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bavornlak Khamnamtong
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirawut Klinbunga
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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24
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Kratochwil CF, Liang Y, Gerwin J, Franchini P, Meyer A. Comparative ontogenetic and transcriptomic analyses shed light on color pattern divergence in cichlid fishes. Evol Dev 2022; 24:158-170. [PMID: 35971657 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Stripe patterns are a striking example for a repeatedly evolved color pattern. In the African adaptive radiations of cichlid fishes, stripes evolved several times independently. Previously, it has been suggested that regulatory evolution of a single gene, agouti-related-peptide 2 (agrp2), explains the evolutionary lability of this trait. Here, using a comparative transcriptomic approach, we performed comparisons between (adult) striped and nonstriped cichlid fishes of representatives of Lake Victoria and the two major clades of Lake Malawi (mbuna and non-mbuna lineage). We identify agrp2 to be differentially expressed across all pairwise comparisons, reaffirming its association with stripe pattern divergence. We therefore also provide evidence that agrp2 is associated with the loss of the nonstereotypic oblique stripe of Mylochromis mola. Complementary ontogenetic data give insights into the development of stripe patterns as well as vertical bar patterns that both develop postembryonically. Lastly, using the Lake Victoria species pair Haplochromis sauvagei and Pundamilia nyererei, we investigated the differences between melanic and non-melanic regions to identify additional genes that contribute to the formation of stripes. Expression differences-that most importantly also do not include agrp2-are surprisingly small. This suggests, at least in this species pair, that the stripe phenotype might be caused by a combination of more subtle transcriptomic differences or cellular changes without transcriptional correlates. In summary, our comprehensive analysis highlights the ontogenetic and adult transcriptomic differences between cichlids with different color patterns and serves as a basis for further investigation of the mechanistic underpinnings of their diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius F Kratochwil
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yipeng Liang
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jan Gerwin
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Paolo Franchini
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Axel Meyer
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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25
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Gál R, Mokrejš P, Pavlačková J, Janáčová D. Cyprinus carpio Skeleton Byproduct as a Source of Collagen for Gelatin Preparation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063164. [PMID: 35328584 PMCID: PMC8949102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Byproducts obtained from fish processing account for up to 70% of their live weight and represent a large amount of unused raw materials rich in proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins. Recently, the management of the use of predominantly cold-water fish byproducts has become a priority for many processing companies. This paper describes the biotechnological processing of byproducts of warm-water Cyprinus carpio skeletons into gelatins. A Taguchi experimental design with two process factors (HCl concentration during demineralization of the starting material and the amount of enzyme during enzyme conditioning of the collagen) examined at three levels (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt%; 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2 wt% respectively) was used to optimize the processing of fish tissue into gelatin. Depending on the preparation conditions, four gelatin fractions were prepared by multi-stage extraction from the starting material with a total yield of 18.7-55.7%. Extensive characterization of the gel-forming and surface properties of the prepared gelatins was performed. Gelatins belong to the group of zero-low-medium Bloom value (0-170 Bloom) and low-medium viscosity (1.1-4.9 mPa·s) gelatins and are suitable for some food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. During processing, the pigment can be isolated; the remaining solid product can then be used in agriculture, and H3PO4Ca can be precipitated from the liquid byproduct after demineralization. The carp byproduct processing technology is environmentally friendly and meets the requirements of zero-waste technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gál
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Mokrejš
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-576-031-230
| | - Jana Pavlačková
- Department of Lipids, Detergents and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic;
| | - Dagmar Janáčová
- Department of Processing Control and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Informatics, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Stráněmi 4511, 760 05 Zlin, Czech Republic;
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26
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Tveit GM, Anders N, Bondø MS, Mathiassen JR, Breen M. Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) change skin colour in response to crowding stress. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:738-747. [PMID: 34958484 PMCID: PMC9306841 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wild capture can be stressful for fish. Stress has the potential to induce mortality in released unwanted catches or negative flesh quality consequences in retained ones. Such effects compromise sustainable natural resource management and industry profitability. Mitigating stress during capture is therefore desirable. Biological indicators of stress can objectively inform fishers as to the functional welfare status of catches during fishing operations. If they are to be of practical use in mitigating stress during wild capture events, such indicators must be quantifiable, respond rapidly, reflect the level of induced stress and be easily observable. Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) are extensively targeted by purse seine fisheries in European waters but are particularly vulnerable to stress. Excessive crowding in the net is thought to be the principal stress mechanism. There is therefore a need to develop indicators of crowding stress for this species so that catch welfare can be improved. Here, we demonstrate that S. scombrus exhibit a skin colour change from predominately green to predominately blue when exposed to crowding stress. In sea cage trials, we induced various degrees of stress in groups of wild-caught S. scombrus by manipulating crowding density and its duration. Skin colour was quantified in air using digital photography. The colour change occurred rapidly (within the typical duration of crowding events in the fishery), and its magnitude was correlated to the severity and duration of crowding. Bluer fish were also associated with higher levels of plasma lactate. No appreciable colour change was observed in uncrowded (control) groups during the treatment period. Nonetheless, unstressed S. scombrus did turn blue <1 h after death. Together, these results indicate that skin colour change has the potential to be a useful real-time indicator of crowding stress for S. scombrus and could therefore be used to improve welfare during wild capture fishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro M. Tveit
- Department of Seafood TechnologySINTEF Ocean ASTrondheimNorway
| | - Neil Anders
- Fish Capture DivisionInstitute of Marine Research (IMR)BergenNorway
| | - Morten S. Bondø
- Department of Seafood TechnologySINTEF Ocean ASTrondheimNorway
| | | | - Mike Breen
- Fish Capture DivisionInstitute of Marine Research (IMR)BergenNorway
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27
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Akat E, Yenmiş M, Pombal MA, Molist P, Megías M, Arman S, Veselỳ M, Anderson R, Ayaz D. Comparison of Vertebrate Skin Structure at Class Level: A Review. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3543-3608. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Akat
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department Bornova, İzmir Turkey
| | - Melodi Yenmiş
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department Bornova, İzmir Turkey
| | - Manuel A. Pombal
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía‐IBIV Vigo, España
| | - Pilar Molist
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía‐IBIV Vigo, España
| | - Manuel Megías
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía‐IBIV Vigo, España
| | - Sezgi Arman
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Biology Department Sakarya Turkey
| | - Milan Veselỳ
- Palacky University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology Olomouc Czechia
| | - Rodolfo Anderson
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista São Paulo Brazil
| | - Dinçer Ayaz
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department Bornova, İzmir Turkey
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28
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Li Y, Hu Y, Cheng P, Chen S. Identification of Potential Blind-Side Hypermelanosis-Related lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA Regulatory Network in a Flatfish Species, Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Front Genet 2022; 12:817117. [PMID: 35186018 PMCID: PMC8850641 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.817117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blind-side hypermelanosis has emerged as a major concern in commercial rearing environments of the flatfish aquaculture industry. To date, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. To fill this gap, in this study, whole transcriptomic sequencing and analyses were performed using normal skins and hypermelanic skins of the blind side of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and differentially expressed genes as well as their competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were identified. A total of 34 DElncRNAs, 226 DEmiRNAs, and 610 DEGs were identified. Finally, lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks (involving 29 DElncRNAs, 106 DEmiRNAs, and 162 DEGs) associated with blind-side hypermelanosis were constructed. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of 162 DEGs in ceRNA networks identified DEGs (e.g., oca2, mc1r, and ihhb) in pigmentation-related biological processes and DEGs (e.g., ca4, glul, and fut9) in nitrogen metabolism, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, and folate biosynthesis pathways, as well as their corresponding DElncRNAs and DEmiRNAs to potentially play key regulatory roles in blind-side hypermelanosis. In conclusion, this is the first study on the ceRNA regulatory network associated with blind-side hypermelanosis in flatfish. These new findings expand the spectrum of non-coding regulatory mechanisms underpinning blind-side hypermelanosis, which facilitates the further exploration of molecular regulatory mechanisms of malpigmentation in flatfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhen Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yangzhen Li,
| | - Yuanri Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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29
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Sheng J, Guan L, Sheng B, Geng S, Wu D, Hu B, Li Z, Le S, Hong Y. Analysis of pigment cell composition, pigment content, tyrosinase content and activity of three kinds of loaches Misgurnus anguillicaudatus from Poyang Lake. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:366-377. [PMID: 34751443 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pigment cell composition, pigment content, tyrosinase content and activity analysis were investigated on three kinds of loaches Misgurnus anguillicaudatus: big blackspot loaches (BBL), small blackspot loaches (SBL) and non-blackspot loaches (NBL), from Poyang Lake. Results showed that there were three types of skin pigment cells, namely melanophores, xanthophores and iridophores. Melanophores in dorsum were more than those in abdomen. Melanophore cytosomes in BBL were larger than those in SBL and NBL, and melanosomes were the largest in stage four. The melanophores in dorsal skin of SBL or NBL were small cell bodies, spindle-like and in chain distribution. There was an extremely significant difference in melanin content in BBL between the dorsum and abdomen (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in melanin abdominal content, lutein and carotenoid contents among three kinds of loaches (P > 0.05). In dorsal skin, tyrosinase content was the highest in BBL, and it was significantly lower in NBL than in BBL and SBL (P < 0.01). This study reveals the differences in pigment and tyrosinase content in three kinds of loaches and provides a theoretical basis for further study of the mechanism of black spot formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Le Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Shiyu Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Beijuan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Shunlong Le
- Jiayu Agriculture Development Company Limited, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yijiang Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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30
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Zhao N, Ge X, Jiang K, Huang J, Wei K, Sun C, Chen SX. Ultrastructure and regulation of color change in blue spots of leopard coral trout Plectropomus leopardus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:984081. [PMID: 36339398 PMCID: PMC9630599 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.984081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The leopard coral trout generally exhibited numerous round, minute blue spots covering its head (about the size of nostril) and body (except ventral side). This is a characteristic that distinguishes them from similar species. Recently, however, we found the leopard coral trout with black spots. Here, the distribution and ultrastructure of chromatophores in the blue and black spots were investigated with light and transmission electron microscopies. The results showed that in the blue spots, two types of chromatophores are present in the dermis, with the light-reflecting iridophores located in the upper layer and the aggregated light-absorbing melanophores in the lower layer. Black spots have a similar chromatophore composition, except that the melanosomes within the melanophores disperse their dendritic processes to encircle the iridophores. Interestingly, after the treatment of forskolin, a potent adenylate cyclase activator, the blue spots on the body surface turned black. On the other hand, using the skin preparations in vitro, the electrical stimulation and norepinephrine treatment returned the spots to blue color again, indicating the sympathetic nerves were involved in regulating the coloration of blue spots. Taken together, our results revealed that the blue spots of the leopard coral trout can change color to black and vice versa, resulting from the differences in the distribution of melanosomes, which enriches our understanding of the body color and color changes of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ke Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shi Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Xi Chen,
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Mitchell LJ, Tettamanti V, Rhodes JS, Marshall NJ, Cheney KL, Cortesi F. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated generation of biallelic F0 anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) mutants. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261331. [PMID: 34910772 PMCID: PMC8673619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic manipulation is a useful approach for elucidating the molecular pathways underlying aspects of development, physiology, and behaviour. However, a lack of gene-editing tools appropriated for use in reef fishes has meant the genetic underpinnings for many of their unique traits remain to be investigated. One iconic group of reef fishes ideal for applying this technique are anemonefishes (Amphiprioninae) as they are widely studied for their symbiosis with anemones, sequential hermaphroditism, complex social hierarchies, skin pattern development, and vision, and are raised relatively easily in aquaria. In this study, we developed a gene-editing protocol for applying the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the false clown anemonefish, Amphiprion ocellaris. Microinjection of zygotes was used to demonstrate the successful use of our CRISPR/Cas9 approach at two separate target sites: the rhodopsin-like 2B opsin encoding gene (RH2B) involved in vision, and Tyrosinase-producing gene (tyr) involved in the production of melanin. Analysis of the sequenced target gene regions in A. ocellaris embryos showed that uptake was as high as 73.3% of injected embryos. Further analysis of the subcloned mutant gene sequences combined with amplicon shotgun sequencing revealed that our approach had a 75% to 100% efficiency in producing biallelic mutations in F0 A. ocellaris embryos. Moreover, we clearly show a loss-of-function in tyr mutant embryos which exhibited typical hypomelanistic phenotypes. This protocol is intended as a useful starting point to further explore the potential application of CRISPR/Cas9 in A. ocellaris, as a platform for studying gene function in anemonefishes and other reef fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J. Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Valerio Tettamanti
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Justin S. Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - N. Justin Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen L. Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fabio Cortesi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Stervander M, Cresko WA. A highly contiguous nuclear genome assembly of the mandarinfish Synchiropus splendidus (Syngnathiformes: Callionymidae). G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab306. [PMID: 34849773 PMCID: PMC8664458 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fish order Syngnathiformes has been referred to as a collection of misfit fishes, comprising commercially important fish such as red mullets as well as the highly diverse seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons-the well-known family Syngnathidae, with their unique adaptations including male pregnancy. Another ornate member of this order is the species mandarinfish. No less than two types of chromatophores have been discovered in the spectacularly colored mandarinfish: the cyanophore (producing blue color) and the dichromatic cyano-erythrophore (producing blue and red). The phylogenetic position of mandarinfish in Syngnathiformes, and their promise of additional genetic discoveries beyond the chromatophores, made mandarinfish an appealing target for whole-genome sequencing. We used linked sequences to create synthetic long reads, producing a highly contiguous genome assembly for the mandarinfish. The genome assembly comprises 483 Mbp (longest scaffold 29 Mbp), has an N50 of 12 Mbp, and an L50 of 14 scaffolds. The assembly completeness is also high, with 92.6% complete, 4.4% fragmented, and 2.9% missing out of 4584 BUSCO genes found in ray-finned fishes. Outside the family Syngnathidae, the mandarinfish represents one of the most contiguous syngnathiform genome assemblies to date. The mandarinfish genomic resource will likely serve as a high-quality outgroup to syngnathid fish, and furthermore for research on the genomic underpinnings of the evolution of novel pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stervander
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5289, USA
| | - William A Cresko
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5289, USA
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Watanabe K, Konno N, Nakamachi T, Matsuda K. Intracerebroventricular administration of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) enhances thigmotaxis and induces anxiety-like behavior in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Peptides 2021; 145:170623. [PMID: 34375685 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a body pigmentation-regulating hormone secreted from the intermediate lobe of the pituitary in vertebrates. It is also produced in the brain, and acts as an anorexigenic neuropeptide involved in feeding regulation. In rodents, intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of α-MSH has been shown to affect not only feeding behavior, but also psychomotor activity. However, there is still no information regarding the psychophysiological effects of α-MSH on behavior in fish. Therefore, we examined the effect of synthetic α-MSH on psychomotor activity in goldfish. Since this species prefers the edge to the central area of a tank, we used this as a preference test for assessing psychomotor activity. When α-MSH was administered ICV at 1 and 10 pmol g-1 body weight (BW), the time spent in the edge area of a tank was prolonged at 10 pmol g-1 BW. However, α-MSH at these doses did not affect locomotor activity. The action of α-MSH mimicked those of FG-7142 (a central-type benzodiazepine receptor (CBR) inverse agonist with an anxiogenic effect) at 10 pmol g-1 BW and melanotan II (a melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) agonist) at 50 pmol g-1 BW, whereas ICV administration of tofisopam (a CBR agonist with an anxiolytic effect) at 10 pmol g-1 BW prolonged the time spent in the central area. The anxiogenic-like effect of α-MSH was abolished by treatment with the MC4R antagonist HS024 at 50 pmol g-1 BW. These data indicate that α-MSH affects psychomotor activity in goldfish, and exerts an anxiogenic-like effect via the MC4R-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Watanabe
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Norifumi Konno
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamachi
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kouhei Matsuda
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
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Maeda K, Kobayashi H, Palla HP, Shinzato C, Koyanagi R, Montenegro J, Nagano AJ, Saeki T, Kunishima T, Mukai T, Tachihara K, Laudet V, Satoh N, Yamahira K. Do colour-morphs of an amphidromous goby represent different species? Taxonomy of Lentipes (Gobiiformes) from Japan and Palawan, Philippines, with phylogenomic approaches. SYST BIODIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.1971792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Maeda
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hirozumi Kobayashi
- University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Herminie P. Palla
- College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines University, Puerto Princesa Campus, Puerto Princesa City, 5300, Palawan, Philippines
| | - Chuya Shinzato
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Ryo Koyanagi
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Javier Montenegro
- University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | | | | | - Taiga Kunishima
- Wakayama Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 370-1 Funoo, Kainan, Wakayama, 642-0001, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mukai
- Faculty of Regional Studies, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | | | - Vincent Laudet
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Satoh
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamahira
- University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
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Yang T, Kasagi S, Takahashi A, Mizusawa K. Effects of background color and feeding status on the expression of genes associated with body color regulation in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 312:113860. [PMID: 34302844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), act as neuromodulators and regulate food intake in vertebrates. In teleosts, these peptides are also involved competitively in body color regulation; α-MSH induces a dark body color, while MCH induces a pale body color. Similarly, members of the growth hormone (GH) family, somatolactin (SL) and prolactin (PRL), which are involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, are also associated with body color regulation in teleosts. Since these hormones are involved in both body color regulation and energy metabolism, it is possible that feeding status can affect body color. Here, we examined the effects of fasting on the response of goldfish body coloration to changes in background color. Goldfish were acclimated for one week in tanks with a white or black background under conditions of periodic feeding or fasting. The results showed that body color and expression levels of pmch1 and pomc were affected by background color, irrespective of feeding status. Expression levels of sla were higher in fish maintained in tanks with a black background than in tanks with a white background, and higher in the fasted fish compared to the fed fish. However, the pattern of slb expression was almost the opposite of that observed in sla expression. The expression levels of gh and prl in the pituitary, and pmch2a and pmch2b in the brain, were not affected by background color. These results suggest that MCH, α-MSH, SLα, and SLβ might be involved in body color regulation and that they are affected by background color in goldfish. The results also suggest that feeding status may affect body color regulation via SLα and SLβ, although these effects might be limited compared to the effect of background color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshu Yang
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kasagi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Takahashi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kanta Mizusawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
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Kokita T, Ueno K, Yamasaki YY, Matsuda M, Tabata R, Nagano AJ, Mishina T, Watanabe K. Gudgeon fish with and without genetically determined countershading coexist in heterogeneous littoral environments of an ancient lake. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13283-13294. [PMID: 34646469 PMCID: PMC8495823 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Countershading, characterized by a darker dorsal surface and lighter ventral surface, is common among many animals. This dorsoventral pigment polarity is often thought to be adaptive coloration for camouflage. By contrast, noncountershaded (melanistic) morphs often occur within a species due to genetic color polymorphism in terrestrial animals. However, the polymorphism with either countershaded or melanistic morphs is poorly known in wild aquatic animals. This study explored the genetic nature of diverged color morphs of a lineage of gudgeon fish (genus Sarcocheilichthys) in the ancient Lake Biwa and propose this system as a novel model for testing hypotheses of functional aspects of countershading and its loss in aquatic environments. This system harbors two color morphs that have been treated taxonomically as separate species; Sarcocheilichthys variegatus microoculus which occurs throughout the littoral zone and Sarcocheilichthys biwaensis which occurs in and around rocky areas. First, we confirmed that the divergence of dorsoventral color patterns between the two morphs is under strict genetic control at the levels of chromatophore distribution and melanin-related gene expression under common garden rearing. The former morph displayed sharp countershading coloration, whereas the latter morph exhibited a strong tendency toward its loss. The crossing results indicated that this divergence was likely controlled by a single locus in a two-allele Mendelian inheritance pattern. Furthermore, our population genomic and genome-wide association study analyses detected no genome-wide divergence between the two morphs, except for one region near a locus that may be associated with the color divergence. Thus, these morphs are either in a state of intraspecific color polymorphism or two incipient species. Evolutionary forces underlying this polymorphism appear to be associated with heterogeneous littoral environments in this lake. Future ecological genomic research will provide insight into adaptive functions of this widespread coloration, including the eco-evolutionary drivers of its loss, in the aquatic world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kokita
- Faculty of Marine Science and TechnologyFukui Prefectural UniversityObamaJapan
| | - Kohtaro Ueno
- Faculty of Marine Science and TechnologyFukui Prefectural UniversityObamaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Atsushi J. Nagano
- Faculty of AgricultureRyukoku UniversityOtsuJapan
- Institute for Advanced BiosciencesKeio UniversityTsuruokaJapan
| | - Tappei Mishina
- Laboratory for Chromosome SegregationRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchKobeJapan
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Hong TI, Hwang KS, Choi TI, Kleinau G, Scheerer P, Bang JK, Jung SH, Kim CH. Zebrafish Bioassay for Screening Therapeutic Candidates Based on Melanotrophic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9313. [PMID: 34502223 PMCID: PMC8431389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used the zebrafish animal model to establish a bioassay by which physiological efficacy differential of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogues could be measured by melanosome dispersion in zebrafish larvae. Brain-skin connection research has purported the interconnectedness between the nervous system and skin physiology. Accordingly, the neuropeptide α-MSH is a key regulator in several physiological processes, such as skin pigmentation in fish. In mammals, α-MSH has been found to regulate motivated behavior, appetite, and emotion, including stimulation of satiety and anxiety. Several clinical and animal model studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have already demonstrated the effectiveness of α-MSH in restoring the social deficits of autism. Therefore, we sought to analyze the effect of synthetic and naturally-occurring α-MSH variants amongst different species. Our results showed that unique α-MSH derivatives from several fish species produced differential effects on the degree of melanophore dispersion. Using α-MSH human form as a standard, we could identify derivatives that induced greater physiological effects; particularly, the synthetic analogue melanotan-II (MT-II) exhibited a higher capacity for melanophore dispersion than human α-MSH. This was consistent with previous findings in an ASD mouse model demonstrating the effectiveness of MT-II in improving ASD behavioral symptoms. Thus, the melanophore assay may serve as a useful screening tool for therapeutic candidates for novel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted I. Hong
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (T.I.H.); (T.-I.C.)
| | - Kyu-Seok Hwang
- Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
| | - Tae-Ik Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (T.I.H.); (T.-I.C.)
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; (G.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; (G.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Applied Marine Bioresource Science, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (T.I.H.); (T.-I.C.)
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38
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Gerwin J, Urban S, Meyer A, Kratochwil CF. Of bars and stripes: A Malawi cichlid hybrid cross provides insights into genetic modularity and evolution of modifier loci underlying colour pattern diversification. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4789-4803. [PMID: 34322938 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the origins of phenotypic diversity among closely related species remains an important largely unsolved question in evolutionary biology. With over 800 species, Lake Malawi haplochromine cichlid fishes are a prominent example of extremely fast evolution of diversity including variation in colouration. Previously, a single major effect gene, agrp2 (asip2b), has been linked to evolutionary losses and gains of horizontal stripe patterns in cichlids, but it remains unknown what causes more fine-scale variation in the number and continuity of the stripes. Also, the genetic basis of the most common colour pattern in African cichlids, vertical bars, and potential interactions between the two colour patterns remain unknown. Based on a hybrid cross of the horizontally striped Lake Malawi cichlid Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos and the vertically barred species Chindongo demasoni we investigated the genetic basis of both colour patterns. The distribution of phenotypes in the F2 generation of the cross indicates that horizontal stripes and vertical bars are independently inherited patterns that are caused by two sets of genetic modules. While horizontal stripes are largely controlled by few major effect loci, vertical bars are a highly polygenic trait. Horizontal stripes show substantial variation in the F2 generation that, interestingly, resemble naturally occurring phenotypes found in other Lake Malawi cichlid species. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of this cross reveals known (agrp2) and unknown loci underlying horizontal stripe patterns. These findings provide novel insights into the incremental fine-tuning of an adaptive trait that diversified through the evolution of additional modifier loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gerwin
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sabine Urban
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Axel Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Claudius F Kratochwil
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland
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Wang C, Lu B, Li T, Liang G, Xu M, Liu X, Tao W, Zhou L, Kocher TD, Wang D. Nile Tilapia: A Model for Studying Teleost Color Patterns. J Hered 2021; 112:469-484. [PMID: 34027978 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse color patterns of cichlid fishes play an important role in mate choice and speciation. Here we develop the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as a model system for studying the developmental genetics of cichlid color patterns. We identified 4 types of pigment cells: melanophores, xanthophores, iridophores and erythrophores, and characterized their first appearance in wild-type fish. We mutated 25 genes involved in melanogenesis, pteridine metabolism, and the carotenoid absorption and cleavage pathways. Among the 25 mutated genes, 13 genes had a phenotype in both the F0 and F2 generations. None of F1 heterozygotes had phenotype. By comparing the color pattern of our mutants with that of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp), a natural mutant produced during hybridization of tilapia species, we found that the pigmentation of the body and eye is controlled by different genes. Previously studied genes like mitf, kita/kitlga, pmel, tyrb, hps4, gch2, csf1ra, pax7b, and bco2b were proved to be of great significance for color patterning in tilapia. Our results suggested that tilapia, a fish with 4 types of pigment cells and a vertically barred wild-type color pattern, together with various natural and artificially induced color gene mutants, can serve as an excellent model system for study color patterning in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Thomas D Kocher
- the Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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40
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Decoding the Evolution of Melanin in Vertebrates. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:430-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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41
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Gan W, Chung-Davidson YW, Chen Z, Song S, Cui W, He W, Zhang Q, Li W, Li M, Ren J. Global tissue transcriptomic analysis to improve genome annotation and unravel skin pigmentation in goldfish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1815. [PMID: 33469041 PMCID: PMC7815744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Goldfish is an ornamental fish with diverse phenotypes. However, the limited genomic resources of goldfish hamper our understanding of the genetic basis for its phenotypic diversity. To provide enriched genomic resources and infer possible mechanisms underlying skin pigmentation, we performed a large-scale transcriptomic sequencing on 13 adult goldfish tissues, larvae at one- and three-days post hatch, and skin tissues with four different color pigmentation. A total of 25.52 Gb and 149.80 Gb clean data were obtained using the PacBio and Illumina platforms, respectively. Onto the goldfish reference genome, we mapped 137,674 non-redundant transcripts, of which 5.54% was known isoforms and 78.53% was novel isoforms of the reference genes, and the remaining 21,926 isoforms are novel isoforms of additional new genes. Both skin-specific and color-specific transcriptomic analyses showed that several significantly enriched genes were known to be involved in melanogenesis, tyrosine metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, folate biosynthesis metabolism and so on. Thirteen differentially expressed genes across different color skins were associated with melanogenesis and pteridine synthesis including mitf, ednrb, mc1r, tyr, mlph and gch1, and xanthophore differentiation such as pax7, slc2a11 and slc2a15. These transcriptomic data revealed pathways involved in goldfish pigmentation and improved the gene annotation of the reference genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Gan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Zelin Chen
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Shiying Song
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wenyao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jianfeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Vissio PG, Darias MJ, Di Yorio MP, Pérez Sirkin DI, Delgadin TH. Fish skin pigmentation in aquaculture: The influence of rearing conditions and its neuroendocrine regulation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 301:113662. [PMID: 33220300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skin pigmentation pattern is a species-specific characteristic that depends on the number and the spatial combination of several types of chromatophores. This feature can change during life, for example in the metamorphosis or reproductive cycle, or as a response to biotic and/or abiotic environmental cues (nutrition, UV incidence, surrounding luminosity, and social interactions). Fish skin pigmentation is one of the most important quality criteria dictating the market value of both aquaculture and ornamental species because it serves as an external signal to infer its welfare and the culture conditions used. For that reason, several studies have been conducted aiming to understand the mechanisms underlying fish pigmentation as well as the influence exerted by rearing conditions. In this context, the present review focuses on the current knowledge on endocrine regulation of fish pigmentation as well as on the aquaculture conditions affecting skin coloration. Available information on Iberoamerican fish species cultured is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G Vissio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Maria J Darias
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - María P Di Yorio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela I Pérez Sirkin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás H Delgadin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Suzuki H, Kinoshita G, Tsunoi T, Noju K, Araki K. Mouse Hair Significantly Lightened Through Replacement of the Cysteine Residue in the N-Terminal Domain of Mc1r Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System. J Hered 2020; 111:640-645. [PMID: 33252683 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A loss-of-function mutation in the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R), which switches off the eumelanin production, causes yellowish coat color variants in mammals. In a wild population of sables (Martes zibellina) in Hokkaido, Japan, the mutation responsible for a bright yellow coat color variant was inferred to be a cysteine replacement at codon 35 of the N-terminal extracellular domain of the Mc1r receptor. In the present study, we validated these findings by applying genome editing on Mc1r in mouse strains C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6N, altering the codon for cysteine (Cys33Phe). The resulting single amino acid substitution (Cys33Phe) and unintentionally generated frameshift mutations yielded a color variant exhibiting substantially brighter body color, indicating that the Cys35 replacement produced sufficient MC1R loss of function to confirm that this mutation is responsible for producing the Hokkaido sable yellow color variant. Notably, the yellowish mutant mouse phenotype exhibited brown coloration in subapical hair on the dorsal side in both the C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6N strains, despite the inability of the latter to produce the agouti signaling protein (Asip). This darker hair and body coloration was not apparent in the Hokkaido sable variant, implying the presence of an additional genetic system shaping yellowish hair variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gohta Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeru Tsunoi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Noju
- Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- and Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
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Madelaine R, Ngo KJ, Skariah G, Mourrain P. Genetic deciphering of the antagonistic activities of the melanin-concentrating hormone and melanocortin pathways in skin pigmentation. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009244. [PMID: 33301440 PMCID: PMC7755275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic origin of human skin pigmentation remains an open question in biology. Several skin disorders and diseases originate from mutations in conserved pigmentation genes, including albinism, vitiligo, and melanoma. Teleosts possess the capacity to modify their pigmentation to adapt to their environmental background to avoid predators. This background adaptation occurs through melanosome aggregation (white background) or dispersion (black background) in melanocytes. These mechanisms are largely regulated by melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and α-melanocyte–stimulating hormone (α-MSH), two hypothalamic neuropeptides also involved in mammalian skin pigmentation. Despite evidence that the exogenous application of MCH peptides induces melanosome aggregation, it is not known if the MCH system is physiologically responsible for background adaptation. In zebrafish, we identify that MCH neurons target the pituitary gland-blood vessel portal and that endogenous MCH peptide expression regulates melanin concentration for background adaptation. We demonstrate that this effect is mediated by MCH receptor 2 (Mchr2) but not Mchr1a/b. mchr2 knock-out fish cannot adapt to a white background, providing the first genetic demonstration that MCH signaling is physiologically required to control skin pigmentation. mchr2 phenotype can be rescued in adult fish by knocking-out pomc, the gene coding for the precursor of α-MSH, demonstrating the relevance of the antagonistic activity between MCH and α-MSH in the control of melanosome organization. Interestingly, MCH receptor is also expressed in human melanocytes, thus a similar antagonistic activity regulating skin pigmentation may be conserved during evolution, and the dysregulation of these pathways is significant to our understanding of human skin disorders and cancers. Melanocytes produce melanin, a natural skin pigment, for body coloration which helps to protect and camouflage an organism and to attract mates. Melanocytes are ubiquitous pigment cells in vertebrates and the genes underlying their development are well conserved, making fishes that possess the ability to modify their pigmentation, biologically relevant and successful models for human skin disorders. Many human skin diseases including albinism, vitiligo, and melanoma are derived from mutations in conserved pigmentation genes. However, much of the conserved molecular mechanisms behind these diseases and human pigmentation remain unknown. For instance, melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) was originally identified as a peptide that when injected, could make fish paler by promoting melanin aggregation but no mutants demonstrating an endogenous function for MCH in pigmentation have been reported. Here, we use zebrafish mutants of MCH and the MCH receptor to determine their specific genetic function in pigmentation. Additionally, we demonstrate that MCH has an antagonistic pigmentation function to the melanocortin system, where MCH expression promotes lighter pigmentation and melanocortin activity promotes darkening. Thus, we find that the balance between the MCH and melanocortin system activities are likely required for skin pigmentation and dysregulation of these pathways could underlie adverse human skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Madelaine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Keri J. Ngo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Gemini Skariah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Philippe Mourrain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- INSERM 1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Kasagi S, Miura M, Okazaki T, Mizusawa K, Takahashi A. Effects of tank color brightness on the body color, somatic growth, and endocrine systems of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 298:113581. [PMID: 32800773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of tank brightness on body color, growth, and endocrine systems of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Five different tank colors that produce varying levels of brightness were used, including black, dark gray [DG], light gray [LG], white, and blue. The fish were reared in these tanks for 59 days under natural photoperiod and water temperature. The body color was affected by tank brightness, such that body color brightness was correlated with tank brightness (white-housed ≥ LG-housed ≥ DG-housed ≥ blue-housed ≥ black-housed). No difference in somatic growth was observed among the fish reared in the five tanks. The mRNA levels of melanin-concentrating hormone (mch1) was higher in white-housed fish than those in the other tanks, and the mRNA levels of proopiomelanocortins (pomc-a and pomc-b) were higher in fish housed in a black tank than those in other tanks. mRNA level of somatolactin, a member of growth hormone family, was higher in black-housed fish than those in white-housed fish. The mRNA levels of mch1 and mch2 in blue-housed fish were similar to those in black-housed fish, while the mRNA levels of pomc-a and pomc-b in blue-housed fish were similar to those in white-housed fish. The current results suggest that tank color is not related to fish growth, therefore any color of conventional rearing tank can be used to grow fish. Moreover, the association between somatolactin with body color changes is suggested in addition to the role of classical MCH and melanophore stimulating hormone derived from POMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kasagi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Oshino Branch, Yamanashi Prefectural Fisheries Technology Center, Oshino, Yamanashi 401-0511, Japan
| | - Takumi Okazaki
- Oshino Branch, Yamanashi Prefectural Fisheries Technology Center, Oshino, Yamanashi 401-0511, Japan
| | - Kanta Mizusawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Takahashi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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Godino-Gimeno A, Sánchez E, Guillot R, Rocha A, Angotzi AR, Leal E, Rotllant J, Cerdá-Reverter JM. Growth Performance After Agouti-Signaling Protein 1 ( Asip1) Overexpression in Transgenic Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2020; 17:373-381. [PMID: 33112719 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin system is a key structure in the regulation of energy balance. Overexpression of inverse agonists, agouti-signaling protein (ASIP), and agouti-related protein (AGRP) results in increased food intake, linear growth, and body weight. ASIP regulates dorsal-ventral pigment polarity through melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and overexpression induces obesity in mice by binding to central MC4R. Asip1 overexpression in transgenic zebrafish (asip1-Tg) enhances growth, yet experiments show fish overexpressing Asip1 do not develop obesity even under severe feeding regimes. Asip1-Tg fish do not need to eat more to grow larger and faster; thus, increased food efficiency can be observed. In addition, asip1-Tg fish reared at high density are able to grow far more than wild-type (WT) fish reared at low density, although asip1-Tg fish seem to be more sensitive to crowding stress than WT fish, thus making the melanocortin system a target for sustainable aquaculture, especially as the U.S. Food and Drug Association has recently approved transgenic fish trading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Godino-Gimeno
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Castellon, Spain
| | - Elisa Sánchez
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Castellon, Spain
| | - Raúl Guillot
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Castellon, Spain
| | - Ana Rocha
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal.,MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Anna Rita Angotzi
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Castellon, Spain
| | - Esther Leal
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Castellon, Spain
| | - Josep Rotllant
- Department of Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, IIM-CSIC, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Miguel Cerdá-Reverter
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Castellon, Spain
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Mandal SC, Tripathy PS, Khatei A, Behera DU, Ghosh A, Pandey PK, Parhi J. Genetics of colour variation in wild versus cultured queen loach, Botia dario (Hamilton, 1822). Genomics 2020; 112:3256-3267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wu M, Chen X, Cui K, Li H, Jiang Y. Pigmentation formation and expression analysis of tyrosinase in Siniperca chuatsi. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1279-1293. [PMID: 32185567 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Animal pigmentation primarily depends on the presence and mixing ratio of chromatophores, functioning in animal survival and communication. For the benthic and carnivorous Siniperca chuatsi, pigmentation pattern is key to concealment and predation. In this study, the formation, distribution, and main pattern of chromatophores were observed in the embryos, larvae, skins, and visceral tissues from S. chuatsi. Melanophores were firstly visualized in the yolk sac at segmentation stage, and then they were migrated to the whole body and further clustered into the black stripes, bands, and patches. In adult S. chuatsi, the head, black band, and body side skins mainly contained melanophores, showing as deep or light black. The abdomen skin mainly contained iridophores, showing as silvery. In the eye, the pigment layers were located in the epithelial layers of iris and retina and shown as black. Then, the pigmentation-related gene, tyrosinase gene from S. chuatsi (Sc-tyr) was analyzed by bioinformatics and quantitative methods. The Sc-tyr gene encoded a protein with 540 amino acids (Sc-TYR). The Sc-TYR contained two copper ion binding sites, which were coordinated by six conserved histidines (H182, H205, H214, H366, H370, H393) and necessary for catalytic activity. The Sc-TYR was well conserved compared with TYR of various species with higher degree of sequence similarity with other fishes (77.6-98.3%). The qRT-PCR test showed that the Sc-tyr mRNA reached the peak value at segmentation stage in the embryo development, the black skins displayed a higher expression level than that in silvery skin, and the eye had the highest expression level compared with other tissues. Further research on enzyme activity showed that the expression patterns of tyrosinase activity were similar to that of the Sc-tyr mRNA. Comparing with the results of molecular and phenotype, it was found that the temporal and spatial distributions of tyrosinase corresponded well with changes in pigmentation patterns and the intensity of skin melanization. This study initially explored the pigmentation formation and tyrosinase expression, which served as a foundation for further insight into the genetics mechanism of body color formation in S. chuatsi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Wu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Haiyang Li
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
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Li K, Zhao N, Zhang B, Jia L, Liu K, Wang Q, He X, Bao B. Identification and characterization of the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R) in hypermelanistic Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:881-890. [PMID: 31909442 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a flatfish with distinctive asymmetry in its body coloration. The melanism (hyperpigmentation) in both the blind side and ocular side of C. semilaevis gives it an extremely low commercial value. However, the fundamental molecular mechanism of this melanism remains unclear. Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), a GTP-binding protein-coupled receptor, is considered to play a vital role in the physiology of the vertebrate pigment system. In order to confirm the contribution of MC1R to the body coloration of C. semilaevis, the expression levels of Mc1r mRNA were measured in seven tissue types at different developmental stages of normal and melanistic C. semilaevis. The expression levels of Mc1r mRNA in the heart, brain, liver, kidney, ocular-side skin, and blind-side skin of melanistic C. semilaevis were significantly higher than that of normal C. semilaevis in all developmental stages. Moreover, the knocking down of Mc1r in the C. semilaevis liver cell line (HTLC) increased the expression of the downstream genes microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitf) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (Tyrp1) in the pigmentation pathway. Thus, the present data suggest that MC1R might play important roles in Tyrp1- and Mitf-mediated pigment synthesis in C. semilaevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Tianjin Haolingsaiao Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lei Jia
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Kefeng Liu
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Qunshan Wang
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxu He
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Baolong Bao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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50
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Jeong CB, Kang HM, Hong SA, Byeon E, Lee JS, Lee YH, Choi IY, Bae S, Lee JS. Generation of albino via SLC45a2 gene targeting by CRISPR/Cas9 in the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111038. [PMID: 32174491 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To produce albinism in the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma, we disrupted the solute carrier family 45 (SLC45a2) gene by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 with a single guide RNA (sgRNA). Selected sgRNAs were able to target a SLC45a2 gene as confirmed by genotyping and heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA). Of the survived embryos after injection, 54.2% and 60.0% embryos exhibited albinism phenotype by sgRNA1 and sgRNA2, respectively. Deep sequencing at the on-target sites showed different insertion and deletion (indel) mutation profiles near the DNA cleavage sites, indicating high efficacy of producing SLC45a2 knock-out mutants by this method. Moreover, HMA at the potential off-target sites revealed that off-target activity would be induced at a low rate, or not induced at all. This albino marine medaka will be a good model for marine molecular ecotoxicology in establishment of diverse in vivo endpoints, and the application of this efficient gene targeting method in the marine medaka would be useful tool for mechanistic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Department of Marine Science, College of Nature Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ah Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Nature Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, College of Nature Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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