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He L, Zhao C, Xiao Q, Zhao J, Liu H, Jiang J, Cao Q. Profiling the Physiological Roles in Fish Primary Cell Culture. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1454. [PMID: 38132280 PMCID: PMC10741176 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Fish primary cell culture has emerged as a valuable tool for investigating the physiological roles and responses of various cell types found in fish species. This review aims to provide an overview of the advancements and applications of fish primary cell culture techniques, focusing on the profiling of physiological roles exhibited by fish cells in vitro. Fish primary cell culture involves the isolation and cultivation of cells directly derived from fish tissues, maintaining their functional characteristics and enabling researchers to study their behavior and responses under controlled conditions. Over the years, significant progress has been made in optimizing the culture conditions, establishing standardized protocols, and improving the characterization techniques for fish primary cell cultures. The review highlights the diverse cell types that have been successfully cultured from different fish species, including gonad cells, pituitary cells, muscle cells, hepatocytes, kidney and immune cells, adipocyte cells and myeloid cells, brain cells, primary fin cells, gill cells, and other cells. Each cell type exhibits distinct physiological functions, contributing to vital processes such as metabolism, tissue regeneration, immune response, and toxin metabolism. Furthermore, this paper explores the pivotal role of fish primary cell culture in elucidating the mechanisms underlying various physiological processes. Researchers have utilized fish primary cell cultures to study the effects of environmental factors, toxins, pathogens, and pharmaceutical compounds on cellular functions, providing valuable insights into fish health, disease pathogenesis, and drug development. The paper also discusses the application of fish primary cell cultures in aquaculture research, particularly in investigating fish growth, nutrition, reproduction, and stress responses. By mimicking the in vivo conditions in vitro, primary cell culture has proven instrumental in identifying key factors influencing fish health and performance, thereby contributing to the development of sustainable aquaculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Qi Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Ju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Quanquan Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
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Ming JH, Wang T, Wang TH, Ye JY, Zhang YX, Yang X, Shao XP, Ding ZY. Effects of dietary berberine on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity and lipometabolism-related genes expression of AMPK signaling pathway in juvenile black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) fed high-fat diets. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:769-786. [PMID: 36418662 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with berberine on growth, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity and lipometabolism-related genes expression of AMPK signaling pathway in juvenile black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus). Five hundred and forty healthy fish (4.04 ± 0.01 g) were randomly distributed into six groups, and fed six experimental diets: normal-fat diet (NFD, 5% fat), HFD (15% fat), and four HFDs supplemented with graded levels of berberine, respectively. The results showed that, compared with fish fed NFD, HFD had no effects on the growth of fish except for reducing survival rate, whereas HFD caused extensive lipid accumulation, oxidative stress injury and hepatic abnormalities. However, compared with the HFD group, fish fed HFD containing an appropriate berberine (98.26 or 196.21 mg/kg) improved the growth performance, increased hepatic lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzymes activities, and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of ampk subunits and lipolysis genes such as pparα, cpt-1, acox, atgl and hsl (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, HFD supplemented with an appropriate berberine reduced crude lipid contents in liver and whole-body, decreased serum lipid contents, and ALT and AST activities, and down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of lipogenesis genes such as srebp-1, acc1, gpat, fas and pparγ, and lipid transporter genes such as fatp, fabp and fat/cd36 (P < 0.05). Thus, HFD supplemented with an appropriate berberine could improve growth of black carp, promote lipid metabolism and enhance antioxidant capacity. The lipid-lowering mechanism of berberine might be mediated by activating AMPK pathway, up-regulating lipolysis genes expression, and down-regulating lipogenesis and transport genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Ming
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China.
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, No. 759 East 2Nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Ting-Hui Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Jin-Yun Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, No. 759 East 2Nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xiang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Xian-Ping Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Zhong-Ying Ding
- Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
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Bomkamp C, Musgrove L, Marques DMC, Fernando GF, Ferreira FC, Specht EA. Differentiation and Maturation of Muscle and Fat Cells in Cultivated Seafood: Lessons from Developmental Biology. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:1-29. [PMID: 36374393 PMCID: PMC9931865 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated meat, also known as cultured or cell-based meat, is meat produced directly from cultured animal cells rather than from a whole animal. Cultivated meat and seafood have been proposed as a means of mitigating the substantial harms associated with current production methods, including damage to the environment, antibiotic resistance, food security challenges, poor animal welfare, and-in the case of seafood-overfishing and ecological damage associated with fishing and aquaculture. Because biomedical tissue engineering research, from which cultivated meat draws a great deal of inspiration, has thus far been conducted almost exclusively in mammals, cultivated seafood suffers from a lack of established protocols for producing complex tissues in vitro. At the same time, fish such as the zebrafish Danio rerio have been widely used as model organisms in developmental biology. Therefore, many of the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the formation of muscle, fat, and other relevant tissue are relatively well understood for this species. The same processes are understood to a lesser degree in aquatic invertebrates. This review discusses the differentiation and maturation of meat-relevant cell types in aquatic species and makes recommendations for future research aimed at recapitulating these processes to produce cultivated fish and shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bomkamp
- Department of Science & Technology, The Good Food Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Lisa Musgrove
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland Australia
| | - Diana M. C. Marques
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo F. Fernando
- Department of Science & Technology, The Good Food Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Frederico C. Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elizabeth A. Specht
- Department of Science & Technology, The Good Food Institute, Washington, DC USA
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Li X, Liu S, Qi D, Qi H, Wang Y, Zhao K, Tian F. Genome-wide identification and expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene family in the Tibetan highland fish Gymnocypris przewalskii. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1685-1699. [PMID: 36469183 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) plays an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and has been widely identified in diverse species. Gymnocypris przewalskii is a native fish of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau that survives in a chronically cold environment. In the current study, we conducted genome-wide identification of PPAR genes, revealing the existence of seven PPARs in the G. przewalskii genome. Collinearity was observed between two copies of PPARαb and PPARγ in G. przewalskii, suggesting that the additional copy might be gained through whole genome duplication. Both phylogenetic and multiple sequence alignment analyses indicated that PPARs in G. przewalskii were conserved with teleosts. The cold treatment (10 °C and 4 °C) led to the developmental delay of G. przewalskii embryos. Continuous expression of PPARs was observed during the embryonic development of G. przewalskii under normal and cold conditions, with significantly different transcriptional patterns. These results indicated that PPARs participated in the embryonic development of G. przewalskii, and were involved in the cold response during development. The current study proposed a potential role of PPARs in the cold response in the embryonic development of G. przewalskii, which shed light on understanding cold adaptation in Tibetan highland fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Li
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 23 Xinning Road, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 23 Xinning Road, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Delin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Hongfang Qi
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding and Protection of Gymnocypris Przewalskii, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding and Protection of Gymnocypris Przewalskii, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 23 Xinning Road, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China.
| | - Fei Tian
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 23 Xinning Road, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Gómez-Abellán V, Pérez-Oliva AB, Cabas I, Hermi F, Arizcun M, García-Moreno D, Sepulcre MP, Mulero V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and beta mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14-PGJ 2 in fish granulocytes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 136:104498. [PMID: 35948178 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are highly reactive small lipophilic molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids of the cell membrane and play a key role in the resolution of inflammation processes. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15dPGJ2) is a cyclopentenone PG (CyPG) of the J series with anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. This CyPG can signal through: (i) the PGD2 receptor (DP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) or (ii) by covalent binding to protein nucleophiles, such as, thiols groups of cysteine, lysine or histidine via a Michael addition reaction, modifying its structure and function. In this work we show that acidophilic granulocytes (AGs) of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), the functional equivalent to mammalian neutrophils, constitutively expressed ppara, pparb and pparg genes, the latter showing the highest expression and up-regulation when stimulated by bacterial DNA. In addition, we tested the ability of 15dPGJ2, and its biotinylated analog, as well as several PPARγ ligands, to modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or cytokines production during a Toll like receptor (TLR)-mediated granulocyte response. Thus, 15dPGJ2 was able to significantly decrease bacterial DNA-induced ROS production and transcript levels of pparg, interleukin-1β (il1b) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (ptgs2). In contrast, its biotinylated analog was less potent and a higher dose was required to elicit the same effects on ROS production and cytokine expression. In addition, different PPARγ agonists were able to mimic the effects of 15dPGJ2. Conversely, the PPARγ antagonist T007097 abolished the effect of 15dPGJ2 on DNA bacterial-induced ROS production. Surprisingly, transactivation assays revealed that both 15dPGJ2 and its biotinylated analog signaled via Pparα and Pparβ, but not by Pparγ. These results were further confirmed by HPLC/MS analysis, where Pparβ was identified as an interactor of biotin-15dPGJ2 in naïve and DNA-stimulated leukocytes. Taken together, our data show that 15dPGJ2 acts both through Ppar activation and covalent binding to proteins in fish granulocytes and identify for the first time in vertebrates a role for Pparα and Pparβ in the resolution of inflammation mediated by 15dPGJ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gómez-Abellán
- Departamento de Biología Cellular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana B Pérez-Oliva
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cabas
- Departamento de Biología Cellular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatma Hermi
- Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Cancerously, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Jarzouna, Bizerte, 7021, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María P Sepulcre
- Departamento de Biología Cellular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Cellular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Wang X, Zhao T, Ma A. Genetic Mechanism of Tissue-Specific Expression of PPAR Genes in Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus) at Different Temperatures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012205. [PMID: 36293062 PMCID: PMC9603064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used PCR to measure the levels of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor genes PPARα1, PPARα2, PPARβ, and PPARγ in the intestine, liver, gill, heart, kidney, brain, muscle, spleen, skin, and stomach of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) cultured under different temperature conditions (14, 20, 23, 25, and 28 °C). We used split-split-plot (SSP) analysis of variance, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis, and genotype main effects and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis to evaluate the genotype × tissue interaction effects on gene expression. The results of the SSP analysis of variance showed that temperature and tissue × gene have highly significant (p < 0.01) effect on the expression of S. maximus PPAR genes. The AMMI analysis results revealed that the expression of PPAR genes at the appropriate temperature (14 °C) mainly depended on genotype × tissue interaction and tissue effects. Under stress temperatures, genotype effects, tissue effects, and genotype × tissue interaction, all had significant effects on the expression of PPAR genes. The contribution of the genotype effect slowly increased with increasing temperature; it increased faster at 20 °C and then slowly declined at 25 °C. The contribution of the tissue effect slowly increased from 14 to 20 °C, where it sharply decreased, and then it stabilized after a slight fluctuation. The contribution of the genotype × tissue interaction effect showed a fluctuating upward trend throughout the experiment, and it had a significant impact on PPAR gene expression. The key temperature at which the three effects changed was 20 °C, indicating that it is the limit temperature for active lipid metabolism under high-temperature stress. The GGE biplot analysis results showed that under suitable water temperature, the expression difference of PPAR genes in the liver was the largest; at 20 and 23 °C, the expression difference in the gill was the largest; and at 25 and 28 °C, the expression difference in the brain was the largest. Overall, our results suggest that the mechanism responsible for PPAR gene expression under the three high temperatures (23, 25, and 28 °C) was relatively consistent, but it differed from that at 20 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinan Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Aijun Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence:
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Dietary isoleucine affects muscle fatty acid and amino acid profiles through regulating lipid metabolism and autophagy in hybrid catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli ♀ × Leiocassis longirostris ♂. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:369-380. [PMID: 36329685 PMCID: PMC9618983 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the impacts of Ile on muscle fatty acid and amino acid profiles, lipid metabolism, and autophagy in hybrid catfish. Seven isonitrogenous (387.8 g/kg protein) semi-purified diets were formulated to contain 5.0 (control), 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, and 20.0 g Ile/kg diet respectively. The fish (initial weight of 33.11 ± 0.09 g) were randomly assigned to 7 groups for a 56-day trial. Each group has 3 replicates with 30 fish per replicate, fed at 08:00 and 18:00 each day. Results showed that muscle protein and lipid, C14:0, C18:0, C22:0, C14:1, C18:1n-9, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), Arg, Ile, Ala, Cys, Gly, Tyr, essential amino acid (EAA), and total amino acid (TAA) contents and flavor amino acid (FAA)/TAA in muscle had positive linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Ile levels (P < 0.05). Fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities had positive linear and/or quadratic responses, but carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) activity had a negative response with increasing dietary Ile levels (P < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of FAS, SCD, ACC, LPL, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), FATP1, sterol response element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), and adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) had positive linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Ile levels (P < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), CPT1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), PPARγ, uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), beclin1 (Becn1), autophagy-related protein 9α (Atg9α), Atg4b, Atg7, autophagy marker light chain 3 B (LC3B), and SQSTM1 in muscle had negative linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Ile levels (P < 0.05). The p-AMPK and ULK1 protein levels, and p-AMPK/AMPK were decreased by 12.5 g Ile/kg in the diet (P < 0.05). Finally, SQSTM1 protein level had the opposite effect (P < 0.05). The above results indicate that dietary Ile improves fish muscle fatty acid and amino acid profiles potentially via respectively regulating lipid metabolism and autophagy. The Ile requirement of hybrid catfish (33 to 72 g) were estimated to be 12.63, 13.77, 13.75, 11.45, 10.50, 12.53 and 12.21 g/kg diet based on the regression analysis of protein, lipid, SFA, PUFA, FAA, EAA, and TAA muscle contents, respectively.
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Riera-Heredia N, Lutfi E, Balbuena-Pecino S, Vélez EJ, Dias K, Beaumatin F, Gutiérrez J, Seiliez I, Capilla E, Navarro I. The autophagy response during adipogenesis of primary cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) adipocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 258:110700. [PMID: 34848371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a tightly regulated process, and the involvement of autophagy has been recently proposed in mammalian models. In rainbow trout, two well-defined phases describe the development of primary cultured adipocyte cells: proliferation and differentiation. Nevertheless, information on the transcriptional profile at the onset of differentiation and the potential role of autophagy in this process is scarce. In the present study, the cells showed an early and transient induction of several adipogenic transcription factors genes' expression (i.e., cebpa and cebpb) along with the morphological changes (round shape filled with small lipid droplets) typical of the onset of adipogenesis. Then, the expression of various lipid metabolism-related genes involving the synthesis (fas), uptake (fatp1 and cd36), accumulation (plin2) and mobilization (hsl) of lipids, characteristic of the mature adipocyte, increased. In parallel, several autophagy markers (i.e., atg4b, gabarapl1 and lc3b) mirrored the expression of those adipogenic-related genes, suggesting a role of autophagy during in vitro fish adipogenesis. In this regard, the incubation of preadipocytes with lysosomal inhibitors (Bafilomycin A1 or Chloroquine), described to prevent autophagy flux, delayed the process of adipogenesis (i.e., cell remodelling), thus suggesting a possible relationship between autophagy and adipocyte differentiation in trout. Moreover, the disruption of the autophagic flux altered the expression of some key adipogenic genes such as cebpa and pparg. Overall, this study contributes to improve our knowledge on the regulation of rainbow trout adipocyte differentiation, and highlights for the first time in fish the involvement of autophagy on adipogenesis, suggesting a close-fitting connection between both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Riera-Heredia
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Esmail Lutfi
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Sara Balbuena-Pecino
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Emilio J Vélez
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419, Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Dias
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419, Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Florian Beaumatin
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419, Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Iban Seiliez
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419, Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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González-Rovira A, Mourente G, Igartuburu JM, Pendon C. Molecular and functional characterization of a SCD 1b from European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 258:110698. [PMID: 34801709 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturation is a highly complex and regulated process involving different molecular and genetic actors. Ultimally, the fatty acid desaturase enzymes are responsible for the introduction of double bonds at different positions of specific substrates, resulting in a wide variety of mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. This substrate-specificity makes it possible to meet all the functional needs of the different tissues against a wide variety of internal and external conditions, giving rise to a varied profile of expression and functionality of the different desaturases in the body. Being our main interest to study and characterize at the molecular level the fatty acid desaturation process in fishes, we have focused our effort on characterizing SCD 1b from European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.). In this work, we have characterized a tearoyl-CoA Desaturase cDNA that codes a protein of 334 amino acids, which shares the greatest homology to marine fish SCD 1b. Northern blot analysis showed two transcripts of 3.5 kb and 1.4 kb. Two putative cis-acting conserved motifs are localized in the cDNA 5'-end: a polypyrimidine CT dinucleotide repeat tract and two non-palindromic putative NRL-response elements (NREs). The deduced protein presents two Δ9 FADs like domain, three His-rich motifs, a total of nine His residues acting as di‑iron coordination ligands. The SCD 1b 3D protein modelling shows a structure made up primarily of α-helices, four of which could be transmembrane helices. The catalytic region is oriented to the cytosolic side of the Endoplasmic Reticulum membrane, where the 9-histidine residues are arranged coordinated to two non-heme Fe2+ ions. A new His-containing motif NX3H-like includes an Asn residue that participates in the coordination of Fe2+1 through a water molecule. The protein has a large pocket with a large opening to the outside. It includes a tunnel in which the substrate-binding site is located. The external shape is reminiscent of a boathook. It shows group specificity, although a greater preference for 18C substrates. The length of the tunnel, delimited by seven amino acids that forms a pocket at the end of the tunnel, the possibility that the substrates adopt different conformations inside the tunnel as well as and the movement of acyl chain inside the tunnel, could explain the high preference for 18C fatty acids and the group specificity of the enzyme. The cDNA encodes a functional SCD enzyme, whose subcellular localization is the Endoplasmic Reticulum, which complements the ole1Δ gene-disrupted gene in DTY-11A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain and produces an increment of palmitoleic and oleic acids. The scd 1b gene is expressed in all tested tissues, showing the liver and adipose tissue a higher level of expression against the brain, heart, gonad and intestine. Scd 1b expression was always bigger than those of the Δ6 fad gene, being especially significant in adipose tissue and liver. From our data, we conclude that, in contrast to the functional significance of SCD 1b in adipose tissue, liver and heart, Δ6 FAD seems to play a more determining role in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in the intestine, brain and gonad in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena González-Rovira
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, INBIO, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Mourente
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Igartuburu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, INBIO, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Carlos Pendon
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, INBIO, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Generation of a Novel Transgenic Zebrafish for Studying Adipocyte Development and Metabolic Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083994. [PMID: 33924375 PMCID: PMC8069137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish have become a popular animal model for studying various biological processes and human diseases. The metabolic pathways and players conserved among zebrafish and mammals facilitate the use of zebrafish to understand the pathological mechanisms underlying various metabolic disorders in humans. Adipocytes play an important role in metabolic homeostasis, and zebrafish adipocytes have been characterized. However, a versatile and reliable zebrafish model for long-term monitoring of adipose tissues has not been reported. In this study, we generated stable transgenic zebrafish expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in adipocytes. The transgenic zebrafish harbored adipose tissues that could be detected using GFP fluorescence and the morphology of single adipocyte could be investigated in vivo. In addition, we demonstrated the applicability of this model to the long-term in vivo imaging of adipose tissue development and regulation based on nutrition. The transgenic zebrafish established in this study may serve as an excellent tool to advance the characterization of white adipose tissue in zebrafish, thereby aiding the development of therapeutic interventions to treat metabolic diseases in humans.
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Dietary berberine regulates lipid metabolism in muscle and liver of black sea bream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii) fed normal or high-lipid diets. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:481-493. [PMID: 32718379 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of berberine (BBR) supplementation in normal and high-lipid (HL) diets on lipid metabolism and accumulation in black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). BBR was supplemented at 50 mg/kg to control (Con, 11·1 % crude lipid) and high-lipid (HL, 20·2 % crude lipid) diets and named as ConB and HLB, respectively. After the 8-week feeding trial, fish body length and specific growth rate were significantly reduced by HL diets (P < 0·05). Muscle and whole-body crude lipid contents were significantly influenced by both BBR supplementation and dietary lipid level. Fish fed the HLB diet had significantly lower serum TAG, LDL-cholesterol contents and alanine aminotransferase activity compared with the HL group. The HL group presented vast lipid accumulation in the liver, and hypertrophied hepatocytes along with large lipid droplets, and translocation of nuclear to the cell periphery. These abnormalities in black sea bream were alleviated in the HLB group. BBR supplementation in the HL diet significantly down-regulated the hepatic expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pparγ, whereas the lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a expression levels were significantly up-regulated. However, the expression levels of these genes showed opposite trends in muscle (except for pparγ). In conclusion, dietary BBR supplementation in the HL diet reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by down-regulating lipogenesis gene expression and up-regulating lipolysis gene expression, and it increased muscle lipid contents with opposite trends of the mechanism observed in the liver.
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12
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Basto-Silva C, Balbuena-Pecino S, Oliva-Teles A, Riera-Heredia N, Navarro I, Guerreiro I, Capilla E. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in vitro adipogenesis and its endocrine regulation by leptin, ghrelin, and insulin. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 249:110772. [PMID: 32711163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, ghrelin, and insulin influence lipid metabolism and thus can directly affect adipose tissue characteristics, modulating the organoleptic quality of aquaculture fish. The present study explored gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) cultured preadipocytes development, and the regulation of adipogenesis by those three hormones. Preadipocytes presented a fibroblast-like phenotype during the proliferation phase that changed to round-shaped with an enlarged cytoplasm filled with lipid droplets after complete differentiation, confirming the characteristics of mature adipocytes. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (pparγ) expression was higher at the beginning of the culture, while fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase gradually increased with cell maturation. The expression of lipoprotein lipase-like, lysosomal acid lipase (lipa), fatty acid translocase/cluster of differentiation-36 (cd36), and leptin receptor (lepr) were not affected during cell culture development; and undetectable expression levels were observed for leptin. Concerning regulation, leptin inhibited lipid accumulation significantly reducing pparγ and cd36 gene expression, both in early differentiating and mature adipocytes, while ghrelin decreased the expression of pparγ in the early differentiating phase but did not reduce intracellular lipid content significantly. Additional insulin past the onset of adipogenesis did not affect lipid accumulation either. In conclusion, at present culture conditions leptin has an anti-adipogenic function in differentiating preadipocytes of gilthead seabream and continues exerting this role in mature adipocytes, while ghrelin and insulin do not seem to influence adipogenesis progression. A better understanding of leptin, ghrelin, and insulin impact on the adipogenic process could help in the prevention of fat accumulation, improving aquaculture fish production and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Basto-Silva
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Balbuena-Pecino
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Natàlia Riera-Heredia
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inês Guerreiro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Faillaci F, Milosa F, Critelli RM, Turola E, Schepis F, Villa E. Obese zebrafish: A small fish for a major human health condition. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:255-265. [PMID: 30891575 PMCID: PMC6388073 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a silent worldwide epidemic, with a steady increase in both adults and children. To date, even though several drugs have been licensed for long-term obesity treatment, none of them are yet used in routine clinical practice. So far the only successful intervention has been behavioral therapy. A suitable and economic experimental model mimicking the human condition would therefore be extremely useful to evaluate preventive measures and novel treatments. Zebrafish are emerging as an important model system to study obesity and related metabolic disease. Remarkable similarities have been reported in lipid metabolism and the adipogenic pathway between zebrafish and mammals. Moreover, the zebrafish possesses a number of features-the relative inexpensiveness of animal husbandry, its optical transparency and the ability to produce a large number of offspring at low cost-that make it ideal for large-scale screening and for testing drugs and intervention. In this review, we summarize recent progress in using zebrafish as a model system to study obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. We describe several zebrafish models (in both larvae and adult animals) that develop obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using different approaches, including gene manipulation, diet manipulation and modification of microbiota composition. For these models, we have outlined the specific aspects related to obesity and its development and we have summarized their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Faillaci
- Department of Internal MedicineGastroenterology UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
- Women in Hepatology GroupModenaItaly
| | - Fabiola Milosa
- Women in Hepatology GroupModenaItaly
- National Institute of Gastroenterology“S. de Bellis” Research HospitalCastellana GrotteItaly
| | - Rosina Maria Critelli
- Department of Internal MedicineGastroenterology UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
- Women in Hepatology GroupModenaItaly
| | - Elena Turola
- Department of Internal MedicineEndocrinology UnitAOU of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Filippo Schepis
- Department of Internal MedicineGastroenterology UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Erica Villa
- Department of Internal MedicineGastroenterology UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
- Women in Hepatology GroupModenaItaly
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
White adipose tissue (AT) is the main lipid storage depot in vertebrates. Initially considered to be a simple lipid store, AT has recently been recognized as playing a role as an endocrine organ that is implicated in processes such as energy homeostasis and as a rich source of stem cells. Interest in adipogenesis has increased not only because of the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in humans, but also in aquaculture because of the excessive fat deposition experienced in some cultured fish species, which may compromise both their welfare and their final product quality. Adipocyte development is well conserved among vertebrates, and this conservation has facilitated the rapid characterization of several adipogenesis models in fish. This Review presents the main findings of adipogenesis research based in primary cultures of the preadipocytes of farmed fish species. Zebrafish has emerged as an excellent model for studying the early stages of adipocyte fish development in vivo. Nevertheless, larger fish species are more suitable for the isolation of preadipocytes from visceral AT and for studies in which preadipocytes are differentiated in vitro to form mature adipocytes. Differentiated adipocytes contain lipid droplets and express adipocyte marker genes such as those encoding the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (pparγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (c/ebpα), lipoprotein lipase (lpl), fatty acid synthase (fas), fatty acid binding protein 11 (fabp11), fatty acid transporter protein1 (fatp1), adiponectin and leptin. Differentiated adipocytes also have elevated glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity. To better understand fish adipocyte development and regulation, different adipokines, fatty acids, growth factors and PPAR agonists have been studied, providing relevant insights into which factors affect these processes and counterbalance AT dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Salmerón
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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15
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Liu P, Tian JJ, Ji H, Sun J, Li C, Huang JQ, Li Y, Yu HB, Yu EM, Xie J. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway contributes to the regulation of adipocyte development induced by docosahexaenoic acid in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 216:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Ganguly S, Mahanty A, Mitra T, Mohanty S, Das BK, Mohanty BP. Nutrigenomic studies on hilsa to evaluate flesh quality attributes and genes associated with fatty acid metabolism from the rivers Hooghly and Padma. Food Res Int 2018; 103:21-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Antonopoulou E, Kaitetzidou E, Castellana B, Panteli N, Kyriakis D, Vraskou Y, Planas JV. In Vivo Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Expression in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (Sparus Aurata). BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6040036. [PMID: 28946685 PMCID: PMC5745441 DOI: 10.3390/biology6040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fish are constantly exposed to microorganisms in the aquatic environment, many of which are bacterial pathogens. Bacterial pathogens activate the innate immune response in fish involving the production of pro-inflammatory molecules that, in addition to their immune-related role, can affect non-immune tissues. In the present study, we aimed at investigating how inflammatory responses can affect metabolic homeostasis in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), a teleost of considerable economic importance in Southern European countries. Specifically, we mimicked a bacterial infection by in vivo administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 6 mg/kg body weight) and measured metabolic parameters in the blood and, importantly, the mRNA expression levels of the three isotypes of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARα, β, and γ) in metabolically-relevant tissues in seabream. PPARs are nuclear receptors that are important for lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in mammals and that act as biological sensors of altered lipid metabolism. We show here that LPS-induced inflammatory responses result in the modulation of triglyceride plasma levels that are accompanied most notably by a decrease in the hepatic mRNA expression levels of PPARα, β, and γ and by the up-regulation of PPARγ expression only in adipose tissue and the anterior intestine. In addition, LPS-induced inflammation results in an increase in the hepatic mRNA expression and protein activity levels of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, known in mammals to regulate the transcription and activity of PPARs. Our results provide evidence for the involvement of PPARs in the metabolic response to inflammatory stimuli in seabream and offer insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the redirection of metabolic activities under inflammatory conditions in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Elisavet Kaitetzidou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Barbara Castellana
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nikolas Panteli
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Kyriakis
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Yoryia Vraskou
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep V Planas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Bou M, Montfort J, Le Cam A, Rallière C, Lebret V, Gabillard JC, Weil C, Gutiérrez J, Rescan PY, Capilla E, Navarro I. Gene expression profile during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte precursor cells. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:347. [PMID: 28472935 PMCID: PMC5418865 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in cultured fish is an outstanding problem in aquaculture. To understand the development of adiposity, it is crucial to identify the genes which expression is associated with adipogenic differentiation. Therefore, the transcriptomic profile at different time points (days 3, 8, 15 and 21) along primary culture development of rainbow trout preadipocytes has been investigated using an Agilent trout oligo microarray. RESULTS Our analysis identified 4026 genes differentially expressed (fold-change >3) that were divided into two major clusters corresponding to the main phases observed during the preadipocyte culture: proliferation and differentiation. Proliferation cluster comprised 1028 genes up-regulated from days 3 to 8 of culture meanwhile the differentiation cluster was characterized by 2140 induced genes from days 15 to 21. Proliferation was characterized by enrichment in genes involved in basic cellular and metabolic processes (transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding), cellular remodelling and autophagy. In addition, the implication of the eicosanoid signalling pathway was highlighted during this phase. On the other hand, the terminal differentiation phase was enriched with genes involved in energy production, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, during this phase an enrichment in genes involved in the formation of the lipid droplets was evidenced as well as the activation of the thyroid-receptor/retinoic X receptor (TR/RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) signalling pathways. The whole adipogenic process was driven by a coordinated activation of transcription factors and epigenetic modulators. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study demonstrates the coordinated expression of functionally related genes during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte cells. Furthermore, the information generated will allow future investigations of specific genes involved in particular stages of fish adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bou
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Present address: Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research), P.O. Box 210, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Jerôme Montfort
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Aurélie Le Cam
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Cécile Rallière
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Véronique Lebret
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Jean-Charles Gabillard
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Claudine Weil
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre-Yves Rescan
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Molecular characterisation of tumour necrosis factor alpha and its potential connection with lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). J Appl Genet 2017; 58:381-391. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-017-0390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Ning LJ, He AY, Lu DL, Li JM, Qiao F, Li DL, Zhang ML, Chen LQ, Du ZY. Nutritional background changes the hypolipidemic effects of fenofibrate in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Sci Rep 2017; 7:41706. [PMID: 28139735 PMCID: PMC5282496 DOI: 10.1038/srep41706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor α (PPARα) is an important transcriptional regulator of lipid metabolism and is activated by high-fat diet (HFD) and fibrates in mammals. However, whether nutritional background affects PPARα activation and the hypolipidemic effects of PPARα ligands have not been investigated in fish. In the present two-phase study of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), fish were first fed a HFD (13% fat) or low-fat diet (LFD; 1% fat) diet for 10 weeks, and then fish from the first phase were fed the HFD or LFD supplemented with 200 mg/kg body weight fenofibrate for 4 weeks. The results indicated that the HFD did not activate PPARα or other lipid catabolism-related genes. Hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation increased significantly in the HFD and LFD groups after the fenofibrate treatment, when exogenous substrates were sufficiently provided. Only in the HFD group, fenofibrate significantly increased hepatic PPARα mRNA and protein expression, and decreased liver and plasma triglyceride concentrations. This is the first study to show that body fat deposition and dietary lipid content affects PPARα activation and the hypolipidemic effects of fenofibrate in fish, and this could be due to differences in substrate availability for lipid catabolism in fish fed with different diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Ning
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - An-Yuan He
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Liang Lu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Min Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Liang Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Cloning and expression characterization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) with their agonists, dietary lipids, and ambient salinity in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 206:54-64. [PMID: 28095314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus is the first marine teleost reported to have the ability of biosynthesizing C20-22 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from C18 precursors, and thus provides a model for studying the regulatory mechanisms of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in teleosts. To investigate the possible roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), critical transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, in the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in rabbitfish, the PPAR genes were cloned and their expression characterization with PPAR agonists, dietary lipid resource, and ambient salinity were examined. Three cDNA sequences respectively encoding 477, 516 and 519 amino acids of PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ isoforms were obtained. PPARα exhibited a wide tissue expression with its highest levels in the heart and brain; PPARβ was predominantly expressed in the gills, while PPARγ was highly expressed in the intestine and gills. In rabbitfish primary hepatocytes, both the PPAR agonists 2-bromopalmitate (2-Bro) and fenofibrate (FF) increased the expression of PPARγ, SREBP1c and Elovl5, whereas FF depressed the expression of Δ6/Δ5 Fad. Moreover, a higher hepatic PPARβ expression was observed in fish fed diets with vegetable oils (VO) than that with fish oil (FO), in the former the expression of PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ were increased at the low ambient salinity (10ppt), where an increasing expression of Δ5/Δ6 Fad, Δ4 Fad and Elovl5 genes was previously reported. These results suggest that PPARs might be involved in the upregulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis with dietary VO and low ambient salinity in rabbitfish.
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Wafer R, Tandon P, Minchin JEN. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma ( PPARG) in Adipogenesis: Applying Knowledge from the Fish Aquaculture Industry to Biomedical Research. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:102. [PMID: 28588550 PMCID: PMC5438977 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropical freshwater zebrafish has recently emerged as a valuable model organism for the study of adipose tissue biology and obesity-related disease. The strengths of the zebrafish model system are its wealth of genetic mutants, transgenic tools, and amenability to high-resolution imaging of cell dynamics within live animals. However, zebrafish adipose research is at a nascent stage and many gaps exist in our understanding of zebrafish adipose physiology and metabolism. By contrast, adipose research within other, closely related, teleost species has a rich and extensive history, owing to the economic importance of these fish as a food source. Here, we compare and contrast knowledge on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)-mediated adipogenesis derived from both biomedical and aquaculture literatures. We first concentrate on the biomedical literature to (i) briefly review PPARG-mediated adipogenesis in mammals, before (ii) reviewing Pparg-mediated adipogenesis in zebrafish. Finally, we (iii) mine the aquaculture literature to compare and contrast Pparg-mediated adipogenesis in aquaculturally relevant teleosts. Our goal is to highlight evolutionary similarities and differences in adipose biology that will inform our understanding of the role of adipose tissue in obesity and related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wafer
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Panna Tandon
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James E. N. Minchin
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- *Correspondence: James E. N. Minchin,
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Minchin JEN, Rawls JF. In vivo imaging and quantification of regional adiposity in zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 138:3-27. [PMID: 28129849 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissues (ATs) are lipid-rich structures that supply and sequester energy-dense lipid in response to the energy status of an organism. As such, ATs provide an organism energetic insurance during periods of adverse physiological burden. ATs are deposited in diverse anatomical locations, and excessive accumulation of particular regional ATs modulates disease risk. Therefore, a model system that facilitates the visualization and quantification of regional adiposity holds significant biomedical promise. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a new model system for AT research in which the entire complement of regional ATs can be imaged and quantified in live individuals. Here we present detailed methods for labeling adipocytes in live zebrafish using fluorescent lipophilic dyes, and for identifying and quantifying regional zebrafish ATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E N Minchin
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - J F Rawls
- Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Salmerón C, Riera-Heredia N, Gutiérrez J, Navarro I, Capilla E. Adipogenic Gene Expression in Gilthead Sea Bream Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Different Origin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:113. [PMID: 27597840 PMCID: PMC4992700 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, adipogenesis has become an emerging field of study in aquaculture due to the relevance of the adipose tissue in many physiological processes and its connection with the endocrine system. In this sense, recent studies have translated into the establishment of preadipocyte culture models from several fish species, sometimes lacking information on the mRNA levels of adipogenic genes. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the gene expression profile of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) primary cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different origin (adipose tissue and vertebra bone) during adipogenesis. Both cell types differentiated into adipocyte-like cells, accumulating lipids inside their cytoplasm. Adipocyte differentiation of MSCs from adipose tissue resulted in downregulation of several adipocyte-related genes (such as lpl, hsl, pparα, pparγ and gapdh2) at day 4, gapdh1 at day 8, and fas and pparβ at day 12. In contrast, differences in lxrα mRNA expression were not observed, while g6pdh levels increased during adipocyte maturation. Gapdh and Pparγ protein levels were also detected in preadipocyte cultures; however, only the former increased its expression during adipogenesis. Moreover, differentiation of bone-derived cells into adipocytes also resulted in the downregulation of several adipocyte gene markers, such as fas and g6pdh at day 10 and hsl, pparβ, and lxrα at day 15. On the other hand, the osteogenic genes fib1a, mgp, and op remained stable, but an increase in runx2 expression at day 20 was observed. In summary, the present study demonstrates that gilthead sea bream MSCs, from both adipose tissue and bone, differentiate into adipocyte-like cells, although revealed some kind of species- and cell lineage-specific regulation with regards to gene expression. Present data also provide novel insights into some of the potential key genes controlling adipogenesis in gilthead sea bream that can help to better understand the regulation of lipid storage in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Salmerón
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Riera-Heredia
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ning LJ, He AY, Li JM, Lu DL, Jiao JG, Li LY, Li DL, Zhang ML, Chen LQ, Du ZY. Mechanisms and metabolic regulation of PPARα activation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1036-1048. [PMID: 27320014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the key metabolic regulatory functions of mammalian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) have been thoroughly studied, the molecular mechanisms and metabolic regulation of PPARα activation in fish are less known. In the first part of the present study, Nile tilapia (Nt)PPARα was cloned and identified, and high mRNA expression levels were detected in the brain, liver, and heart. NtPPARα was activated by an agonist (fenofibrate) and by fasting and was verified in primary hepatocytes and living fish by decreased phosphorylation of NtPPARα and/or increased NtPPARα mRNA and protein expression. In the second part of the present work, fenofibrate was fed to fish or fish were fasted for 4weeks to investigate the metabolic regulatory effects of NtPPARα. A transcriptomic study was also performed. The results indicated that fenofibrate decreased hepatic triglyceride and 18C-series fatty acid contents but increased the catabolic rate of intraperitoneally injected [1-(14)C] palmitate in vivo, hepatic mitochondrial β-oxidation efficiency, the quantity of cytochrome b DNA, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a mRNA expression. Fenofibrate also increased serum glucose, insulin, and lactate concentrations. Fasting had stronger hypolipidemic and gene regulatory effects than those of fenofibrate. Taken together, we conclude that: 1) liver is one of the main target tissues of the metabolic regulation of NtPPARα activation; 2) dephosphorylation is the basal NtPPARα activation mechanism rather than enhanced mRNA and protein expression; 3) activated NtPPARα has a hypolipidemic effect by increasing activity and the number of hepatic mitochondria; and 4) PPARα activation affects carbohydrate metabolism by altering energy homeostasis among nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Ning
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - An-Yuan He
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Min Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Liang Lu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Gang Jiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Yu Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Liang Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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He AY, Liu CZ, Chen LQ, Ning LJ, Qin JG, Li JM, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Molecular characterization, transcriptional activity and nutritional regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 223:139-47. [PMID: 26002036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a master regulator in lipid metabolism and widely exists in vertebrates. However, the molecular structure and transcriptional activity of PPARγ in fish are still unclear. This study cloned PPARγ from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) referred as NtPPARγ and transfected the NtPPARγ plasmids into HEK-293 cells to explore its mechanism of transcriptional regulation in fish. The expression of NtPPARγ was compared in fed and fasted fish. Two transcripts of NtPPARγ varied at the 5'-untranslated region and the DNA binding domain was highly conserved. Thirty-nine amino acid residues in the ligand binding domain in Nile tilapia were different from those in human. Two transcripts showed different expression profiles in 11 tissues, but both were highly expressed in liver, intestine and kidney. The transcriptional activity assay showed that NtPPARγ collaborates with retinoid X-receptor α (NtRXRα) to regulate the expression of Nile tilapia fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), the compartment of which have been identified as the target gene of PPARγ in human. In the fish fasting trial, the mRNA expression of NtPPARγ1 and NtPPARγ2 in intestine and liver at 3h post-feeding (HPF) was lower than those at 8 HPF, 24 HPF and in fish fasted for 36h, but was relatively stable in kidney among different feeding treatments. In conclusion, the DNA binding domain in PPARγ was highly conserved, while the ligand binding domain was moderately conserved. In Nile tilapia, the PPARγ collaborates with RXRα to perform transcriptional regulation of FABP4 at least in vitro. The plasmid system established in this study along with a cell line from Nile tilapia will be useful tools for the further functional study of PPARγ in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Yuan He
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cai-Zhi Liu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Li-Jun Ning
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jian-Guang Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jia-Ming Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China.
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27
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Liu LL, Xian H, Cao JC, Zhang C, Zhang YH, Chen MM, Qian Y, Jiang M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling in human sperm physiology. Asian J Androl 2015; 17:942-7. [PMID: 25851655 PMCID: PMC4814967 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.150253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a member of the PPARs, which are transcription factors of the steroid receptor superfamily. PPARγ acts as an important molecule for regulating energy homeostasis, modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and is reciprocally regulated by HPG. In the human, PPARγ protein is highly expressed in ejaculated spermatozoa, implying a possible role of PPARγ signaling in regulating sperm energy dissipation. PPARγ protein is also expressed in Sertoli cells and germ cells (spermatocytes). Its activation can be induced during capacitation and the acrosome reaction. This mini-review will focus on how PPARγ signaling may affect fertility and sperm quality and the potential reversibility of these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Xian
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Chen Cao
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao-Miao Chen
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Qian
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Molecular characterization of carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA in Megalobrama amblycephala and effects on its expression of feeding status and dietary lipid and berberine. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 191:20-5. [PMID: 26342959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC 2.3.1.21) controls the main regulatory step of fatty acid oxidation, and hence studies of its molecular characterization are useful to understand lipid metabolism in cultured fish. Here, a full-length cDNA coding CPT I was cloned from liver of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala. This cDNA obtained covered 2499bp with an open reading frame of 2181bp encoding 726 amino acids. This CPT I mRNA predominantly expressed in heart and white muscle, while little in eye and spleen. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of sequence alignments among several vertebrate species suggests that this blunt snout bream CPT I sequence belongs to the CPT IA family. In order to investigate the characterization of CPT IA mRNA expression, post-prandial experiment and feeding trial were conducted. The results showed that CPT IA mRNA expression was unchanged from 2 to 12h, and then significantly increased at 24h post-feeding in liver and heart. Berberine, an alkaloid, was identified as a promising lipid-lowering drug. In order to elucidate the effect of berberine on CPT I expression, fish were fed for 8 weeks with three diets (low-fat diet (LFD, 5% fat), high-fat diet (HFD, 15% fat), and berberine-supplemented diet (BSD, 15% fat). The results showed that HFD could decrease the expression of CPT IA and PPARα, while BSD increased those expressions.
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Liu P, Ji H, Li C, Tian J, Wang Y, Yu P. Ontogenetic development of adipose tissue in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:867-878. [PMID: 25893904 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the adipose tissue development process during the early stages of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) development, samples were collected from fertilized eggs to 30 days post-fertilization (dpf) of fish. Paraffin and frozen sections were taken to observe the characteristics of adipocytes in vivo by different staining methods, including hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Oil red O, and BODIPY. The expression of lipogenesis-related genes of the samples at different time points was detected by real-time qPCR. In addition, protein expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPAR γ) was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the neutral lipid droplets accumulated first in the hepatocytes of 14-dpf fish larvae, and visceral adipocytes appeared around the hepatopancreas on 16 dpf. As grass carp grew, the adipocytes increased in number and spread to other tissues. In 20-dpf fish larvae, the intestine was observed to be covered by adipose tissue. However, there was no significant change in the average size (30.40-40.01 μm) of adipocytes during this period. Accordingly, the gene expression level of PPAR γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins α (C/EBP α) was significantly elevated after fertilization for 12 days (p < 0.05), but C/EBP α declined at 20 dpf. Expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) increased from 2 to 16 dpf and then declined. In addition, immunoreaction of PPAR γ was positive on hepatocytes after fertilization for 15 days. These results implied that the early developmental stage of adipose tissue is caused by active recruitment of adipocytes as opposed to hypertrophy of the cell. In addition, our study indicated that lipogenesis-related genes might regulate the ongoing development of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
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30
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Morphology, mitochondrial development and adipogenic-related genes expression during adipocytes differentiation in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus ). Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Fabbri E. Pharmaceuticals in the environment: expected and unexpected effects on aquatic fauna. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1340:20-8. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences; University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna; Ravenna Italy
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Kleppe L, Edvardsen RB, Furmanek T, Taranger GL, Wargelius A. Global transcriptome analysis identifies regulated transcripts and pathways activated during oogenesis and early embryogenesis in Atlantic cod. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:619-35. [PMID: 24687555 PMCID: PMC4265210 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying oogenesis and maternally controlled embryogenesis in fish are not fully understood, especially in marine species. Our aim was to study the egg and embryo transcriptome during oogenesis and early embryogenesis in Atlantic cod. Follicles from oogenesis stages (pre-, early-, and late-vitellogenic), ovulated eggs, and two embryonic stages (blastula, gastrula) were collected from broodstock fish and fertilized eggs. Gene expression profiles were measured in a 44 K oligo microarray consisting of 23,000 cod genes. Hundreds of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the follicle stages investigated, implicating a continuous accumulation and degradation of polyadenylated transcripts throughout oogenesis. Very few DEGs were identified from ovulated egg to blastula, showing a more stable maternal RNA pool in early embryonic stages. The highest induction of expression was observed between blastula and gastrula, signifying the onset of zygotic transcription. During early vitellogenesis, several of the most upregulated genes are linked to nervous system signaling, suggesting increasing requirements for ovarian synaptic signaling to stimulate the rapid growth of oocytes. Highly upregulated genes during late vitellogenesis are linked to protein processing, fat metabolism, osmoregulation, and arrested meiosis. One of the genes with the highest upregulation in the ovulated egg is involved in oxidative phosphorylation, reflecting increased energy requirements during fertilization and the first rapid cell divisions of early embryogenesis. In conclusion, this study provides a large-scale presentation of the Atlantic cod's maternally controlled transcriptome in ovarian follicles through oogenesis, ovulated eggs, and early embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 619–635, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Kleppe
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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Wade NM, Skiba-Cassy S, Dias K, Glencross BD. Postprandial molecular responses in the liver of the barramundi, Lates calcarifer. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:427-43. [PMID: 23990285 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression by nutrients is an important mechanism governing energy storage and growth in most animals, including fish. At present, very few genes that regulate intermediary metabolism have been identified in barramundi, nor is there any understanding of their nutritional regulation. In this study, a partial barramundi liver transcriptome was assembled from next-generation sequencing data and published barramundi EST sequences. A large number of putative metabolism genes were identified in barramundi, and the changes in the expression of 24 key metabolic regulators of nutritional pathways were investigated in barramundi liver over a time series immediately after a meal of a nutritionally optimised diet for this species. Plasma glucose and free amino acid levels showed a mild postprandial elevation which peaked 2 h after feeding, and had returned to basal levels within 4 or 8 h, respectively. Significant activation or repression of metabolic nuclear receptor regulator genes were observed, in combination with activation of glycolytic and lipogenic pathways, repression of the final step of gluconeogenesis and activation of the Akt-mTOR pathway. Strong correlations were identified between a number of different metabolic genes, and the coordinated co-regulation of these genes may underlie the ability of this fish to utilise dietary nutrients. Overall, these data clearly demonstrate a number of unique postprandial responses in barramundi compared with other fish species and provide a critical step in defining the response to different dietary nutrient sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Wade
- Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ecosciences Precinct, CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Dutton Park, QLD, 4102, Australia,
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Piccinetti CC, Migliarini B, Olivotto I, Simoniello MP, Giorgini E, Carnevali O. Melatonin and peripheral circuitries: insights on appetite and metabolism in Danio rerio. Zebrafish 2013; 10:275-82. [PMID: 23682835 PMCID: PMC3760084 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2012.0844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a neuroendocrine transducer of circadian/circannual rhythms able to synchronize organism's physiological activity. On the basis of our recent findings on appetite regulation by melatonin in the zebrafish brain, the aim of this study was to evaluate melatonin's role in peripheral circuitries regulating food intake, growth, and lipid metabolism. For this purpose, the effect of two melatonin doses (100 nM and 1 μM) administered for 10 days, via water, to adult zebrafish was evaluated at both physiological and molecular levels. The major signals controlling energy homeostasis were analyzed together. Additionally, the effect of melatonin doses on muscle metabolic resources was evaluated. The results obtained indicate that melatonin reduces food intake by stimulating molecules involved in appetite inhibition, such as leptin (LPT), in the liver and intestine and MC4R, a melanocortin system receptor, in the liver. Moreover, melatonin decreases hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene expression, involved in growth process and other signals involved in lipid metabolism such as proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, β, and γ) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP). These results were correlated with lower levels of lipids in the muscles as evidenced by the macromolecular pools analyses. The findings obtained in this study could be of great interest for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms as the basis of food intake control and, in turn, can be a useful tool for medical and aquaculture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Carla Piccinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Migliarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Pasquale Simoniello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy
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Kaneko G, Yamada T, Han Y, Hirano Y, Khieokhajonkhet A, Shirakami H, Nagasaka R, Kondo H, Hirono I, Ushio H, Watabe S. Differences in lipid distribution and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and lipoprotein lipase genes in torafugu and red seabream. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 184:51-60. [PMID: 23337031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lipid content is one of the major determinants of the meat quality in fish. However, the mechanisms underlying the species-specific distribution of lipid are still poorly understood. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms associated with lipid accumulation in two species of fish: torafugu (a puffer fish) and red seabream. The lipid content of liver and carcass were 67.0% and 0.8% for torafugu, respectively, and 8.8% and 7.3% for red seabream, respectively. Visceral adipose tissue was only apparent in the red seabream and accounted for 73.3% of its total lipid content. Oil red O staining confirmed this species-specific lipid distribution, and further demonstrated that the lipid in the skeletal muscle of the red seabream was mainly localized in the myosepta. We subsequently cloned cDNAs from torafugu encoding lipoprotein lipase 1 (LPL1) and LPL2, important enzymes for the uptake of lipids from blood circulation system into various tissues. The relative mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the LPLs of torafugu were determined by quantitative real-time PCR together with their counterparts in red seabream previously reported. The relative mRNA levels of PPARγ and LPL1 correlated closely to the lipid distribution of both fish, being significantly higher in liver than skeletal muscle in torafugu, whereas the highest in the adipose tissue, followed by liver and skeletal muscle in red seabream. However, the relative mRNA levels of LPL2 were tenfold lower than LPL1 in both species and only correlated to lipid distribution in torafugu, suggesting that LPL2 has only a minor role in lipid accumulation. In situ hybridization revealed that the transcripts of LPL1 co-localized with lipids in the adipocytes located along the myosepta of the skeletal muscle of red seabream. These results suggest that the transcriptional regulation of PPARγ and LPL1 is responsible for the species-specific lipid distribution of torafugu and red seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Kaneko
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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36
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Mandard S, Patsouris D. Nuclear control of the inflammatory response in mammals by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. PPAR Res 2013; 2013:613864. [PMID: 23577023 PMCID: PMC3614066 DOI: 10.1155/2013/613864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that play pivotal roles in the regulation of a very large number of biological processes including inflammation. Using specific examples, this paper focuses on the interplay between PPARs and innate immunity/inflammation and, when possible, compares it among species. We focus on recent discoveries establishing how inflammation and PPARs interact in the context of obesity-induced inflammation and type 2 diabetes, mostly in mouse and humans. We illustrate that PPAR γ ability to alleviate obesity-associated inflammation raises an interesting pharmacologic potential. In the light of recent findings, the protective role of PPAR α and PPAR β / δ against the hepatic inflammatory response is also addressed. While PPARs agonists are well-established agents that can treat numerous inflammatory issues in rodents and humans, surprisingly very little has been described in other species. We therefore also review the implication of PPARs in inflammatory bowel disease; acute-phase response; and central, cardiac, and endothelial inflammation and compare it along different species (mainly mouse, rat, human, and pig). In the light of the data available in the literature, there is no doubt that more studies concerning the impact of PPAR ligands in livestock should be undertaken because it may finally raise unconsidered health and sanitary benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Mandard
- Centre de Recherche INSERM-UMR866 “Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer” Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne 7, Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - David Patsouris
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRA 1235, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69921 Oullins, France
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, MB-24, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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37
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PPARγ, an important gene related to lipid metabolism and immunity in Megalobrama amblycephala: cloning, characterization and transcription analysis by GeNorm. Gene 2012; 512:321-30. [PMID: 23069845 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to be able to modulate and improve the function of PPARγ and decrease further some metabolic diseases of M. amblycephala, we have cloned and identified the full-length cDNA of PPARγ in M. amblycephala and examined its transcription patterns at different embryo developmental stages and in different tissues of adult and immature fish. We also accurately normalized seven reference genes by GeNorm and calculated their gene transcription normalization factors. The full-length of PPARγ was 1968 bp, consisting of 218 bp 5'-untranslated region, 1,533 bp open reading frame encoding 510 amino acids residues and 217 bp 3'-untranslated region. M. amblycephala PPARγ peptide was predicted to consist of 4 conserved domains, i.e. N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, ligand binding domain and flexible hinge region. PPARγ mRNAs were detected in all studied tissues of adult and immature fish including adipose tissue, gill, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, white muscle, intestine, brain and gonad. In adult fish, PPARγ transcription in liver was highest, followed by gills and it was lowest in female gonads. Moreover, the differences among liver, gill, intestine/brain, spleen/white muscle, kidney and female gonads were greatly significant (p<0.01). The transcription of PPARγ in male gonads was significantly higher than in female gonads (p<0.01). In immature fish, the transcription of PPARγ was highest in intestines followed by adipose tissue, and it was lowest in hearts and white muscles. A great difference was observed (p<0.01) in the transcription of PPARγ among adipose tissue, intestines, liver and heart/white muscles. At different embryo developmental stages, PPARγ transcription in unfertilized spermatozoa was greatly higher than in unfertilized ovum (p<0.01) and it was highest among different embryo developmental stages. The transcription of PPARγ increased gradually during 2 cells stage and 32 cells stage and then decreased until gastrula stage at which it was lowest. The transcription of PPARγ increased again on first day after hatching. There was a significant difference (p<0.01) in the transcription of PPARγ between 2 cells stage and 32 cells stage and it was same between 32 cells stage and gastrula stage. These results revealed that transcription of PPARγ showed a tissue-dependent regulation and a developmental-stage-dependent regulation that are valuable and helpful to improve the function of PPARγ and to decrease some metabolic diseases in the culture of M. amblycephala.
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38
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Effect of ration size on fillet fatty acid composition, phospholipid allostasis and mRNA expression patterns of lipid regulatory genes in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Br J Nutr 2012; 109:1175-87. [PMID: 22856503 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451200311x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of ration size on muscle fatty acid (FA) composition and mRNA expression levels of key regulatory enzymes of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism have been addressed in juveniles of gilthead sea bream fed a practical diet over the course of an 11-week trial. The experimental setup included three feeding levels: (i) full ration until visual satiety, (ii) 70 % of satiation and (iii) 70 % of satiation with the last 2 weeks at the maintenance ration. Feed restriction reduced lipid content of whole body by 30 % and that of fillet by 50 %. In this scenario, the FA composition of fillet TAG was not altered by ration size, whereas that of phospholipids was largely modified with a higher retention of arachidonic acid and DHA. The mRNA transcript levels of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and FA desaturase 2 were not regulated by ration size in the present experimental model. In contrast, mRNA levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturases were markedly down-regulated by feed restriction. An opposite trend was found for a muscle-specific lipoprotein lipase, which is exclusive of fish lineage. Several upstream regulatory transcriptions were also assessed, although nutritionally mediated changes in mRNA transcripts were almost reduced to PPARα and β, which might act in a counter-regulatory way on lipolysis and lipogenic pathways. This gene expression pattern contributes to the construction of a panel of biomarkers to direct marine fish production towards muscle lean phenotypes with increased retentions of long-chain PUFA.
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He S, Liang XF, Qu CM, Huang W, Shen D, Zhang WB, Mai KS. Identification, organ expression and ligand-dependent expression levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:381-8. [PMID: 22079418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor family, and can regulate various genes involved in lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the tissue distribution patterns of PPARs and their ligand specificities in grass carp. We cloned three PPAR isotypes of the species and evaluated their organ distribution patterns using real-time PCR. Through analyzing the deduced amino acid sequences identities between the products cloned in grass carp and those described in other species, we concluded that the same type of PPAR amino acid sequences in different species were with high homology, and different subtypes of PPAR in the same species were with low homology. The mRNA constitutive expression level of PPARα predominated in the liver, but was weak in other tested tissues. PPARβ was present in all tested organs, and particularly abundant in heart, liver and muscle. PPARγ was only detected in the liver, and to a lesser extent in brain, muscle and visceral adipose tissue. Grass carp were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg kg(-1) body mass (bw) dose of clofibrate, 42 mg kg(-1) bw dose of 2-bromo palmitate and 1 mg kg(-1) bw dose of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14) prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), respectively, and the relative changes of the mRNA abundance of PPARs in liver were analyzed by real-time PCR. Clofibrate was able to increase the expressions of both PPARα and β, but was not able to for PPARγ. 2-bromo palmitate could affect the expressions of both PPARβ and γ, but was not able to for PPARα. 15d-PGJ2 was able to induce PPARβ expression, but PPARα and γ were not enhanced. Consequently, these results indicate that clofibrate, 2-bromo palmitate and 15d-PGJ2 could be applied as the activators of grass carp PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
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40
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Cho HK, Kong HJ, Kim HY, Cheong J. Characterization of Paralichthys olivaceus peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α gene as a master regulator of flounder lipid metabolism. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 175:39-47. [PMID: 22051321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that play key roles in lipid and energy homeostasis. Paralichthys olivaceus PPARα (PoPPARα) cDNA was isolated by initial reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using conserved region among fish species and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length of PoPPARα cDNA is 2040-bp long encoding a polypeptide with 505 amino acids and containing a DNA binding domain (C4-type zinc finger) and a ligand-binding domain. PoPPARα was detected from 1 day post-hatch and was highly expressed in the stomach, liver, and intestine of continuously fed flounder, approximately 16 cm in size. PoPPARα mRNA expression was down-regulated in the kidney, stomach, and liver of the 4.5-month-old flounder after a 30 day food-deprivation period. PoPPARα activates the PPAR response element (PPRE)-driven reporter, and treatment with Wy14643, a PPARα agonist, augmented PoPPARα-stimulated peroxisome proliferator response element activity in HINAE and HepG2 cells. PoPPARα activated the expression of fatty acid β-oxidation related genes such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 and inhibited the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein and fatty acid synthase by competitively inhibiting LXR/RXR heterodimer formation. These results suggest that PoPPARα plays an important role in lipid metabolism of olive flounder and that it is functionally and evolutionarily conserved in olive flounder and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kook Cho
- Dept of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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41
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Bouraoui L, Cruz-Garcia L, Gutiérrez J, Capilla E, Navarro I. Regulation of lipoprotein lipase gene expression by insulin and troglitazone in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) adipocyte cells in culture. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 161:83-8. [PMID: 21967882 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a central role regulating the balance between deposition and mobilization of lipid reserves. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme controlling lipid accumulation in mammals and fish. In the present study, we have examined the expression of LPL in rainbow trout cultured adipocytes and we have investigated the effect of troglitazone, a member of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), and insulin on its expression. LPL gene expression increased from day 1 until day 12 of culture, and the level was maintained up to day 21. The addition of insulin at 10 nM and 1.7 μM increased significantly LPL gene expression in undifferentiated cells (days 7 to 12 maintained in growth medium). Nevertheless, treatment of day 7 cells incubated in growth medium with troglitazone (5 μM) or troglitazone plus insulin (1 μM each), tended to enhance LPL expression. In addition, LPL mRNA levels increased significantly in the presence of 1 μM and 5 μM of troglitazone (days 7 to 12) when the cells were induced to differentiate by addition of differentiation medium. Although troglitazone alone (1 μM) did not stimulate lipid accumulation in the cells neither in growth nor in differentiation medium, the simultaneous presence of troglitazone (1 μM) and insulin (1 μM) increased significantly the content of triglycerides in adipocyte cells maintained in growth medium (days 7 to 12). These results indicate that insulin and troglitazone regulate LPL gene expression during adipocyte differentiation and suggest that both factors may have combined effects in the modulation of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bouraoui
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Spain
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Fernández I, Darias M, Andree KB, Mazurais D, Zambonino-Infante JL, Gisbert E. Coordinated gene expression during gilthead sea bream skeletogenesis and its disruption by nutritional hypervitaminosis A. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2011; 11:7. [PMID: 21306609 PMCID: PMC3045981 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-11-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A (VA) has a key role in vertebrate morphogenesis, determining body patterning and growth through the control of cell proliferation and differentiation processes. VA regulates primary molecular pathways of those processes by the binding of its active metabolite (retinoic acid) to two types of specific nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which promote transcription of downstream target genes. This process is well known in most of higher vertebrates; however, scarce information is available regarding fishes. Therefore, in order to gain further knowledge of fish larval development and its disruption by nutritional VA imbalance, the relative expression of some RARs and RXRs, as well as several genes involved in morpho- and skeletogenesis such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARA, PPARB and PPARG); retinol-binding protein (RBP); insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF1 and IGF2, respectively); bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2); transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFB1); and genes encoding different extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as matrix Gla protein (mgp), osteocalcin (bglap), osteopontin (SPP1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and type I collagen α1 chain (COL1A1) have been studied in gilthead sea bream. RESULTS During gilthead sea bream larval development, specific expression profiles for each gene were tightly regulated during fish morphogenesis and correlated with specific morphogenetic events and tissue development. Dietary hypervitaminosis A during early larval development disrupted the normal gene expression profile for genes involved in RA signalling (RARA), VA homeostasis (RBP) and several genes encoding ECM proteins that are linked to skeletogenesis, such as bglap and mgp. CONCLUSIONS Present data reflects the specific gene expression patterns of several genes involved in larval fish RA signalling and skeletogenesis; and how specific gene disruption induced by a nutritional VA imbalance underlie the skeletal deformities. Our results are of basic interest for fish VA signalling and point out some of the potential molecular players involved in fish skeletogenesis. Increased incidences of skeletal deformities in gilthead sea bream fed with hypervitaminosis A were the likely ultimate consequence of specific gene expression disruption at critical development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, IRTA Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Crta, del Poble Nou s/n, 43540 - Sant Carles de la Ràpita (Spain)
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Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is the major site of energy storage in bony vertebrates, and also serves central roles in the endocrine regulation of energy balance. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying WAT development and physiology are not well understood. This is due in part to difficulties associated with imaging adipose tissues in mammalian model systems, especially during early life stages. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently emerged as a new model system for adipose tissue research, in which WAT can be imaged in a transparent living vertebrate at all life stages. Here we present detailed methods for labeling adipocytes in live zebrafish using fluorescent lipophilic dyes, and for in vivo microscopy of zebrafish WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E N Minchin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Flynn EJ, Trent CM, Rawls JF. Ontogeny and nutritional control of adipogenesis in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Lipid Res 2009; 50:1641-52. [PMID: 19366995 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800590-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic demands an improved understanding of the developmental and environmental factors regulating fat storage. Adipocytes serve as major sites of fat storage and as regulators of energy balance and inflammation. The optical transparency of developing zebrafish provides new opportunities to investigate mechanisms governing adipocyte biology, however zebrafish adipocytes remain uncharacterized. We have developed methods for visualizing zebrafish adipocytes in vivo by labeling neutral lipid droplets with Nile Red. Our results establish that neutral lipid droplets first accumulate in visceral adipocytes during larval stages and increase in number and distribution as zebrafish grow. We show that the cellular anatomy of zebrafish adipocytes is similar to mammalian white adipocytes and identify peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma and fatty acid binding protein 11a as markers of the zebrafish adipocyte lineage. By monitoring adipocyte development prior to neutral lipid deposition, we find that the first visceral preadipocytes appear in association with the pancreas shortly after initiation of exogenous nutrition. Zebrafish reared in the absence of food fail to form visceral preadipocytes, indicating that exogenous nutrition is required for adipocyte development. These results reveal homologies between zebrafish and mammalian adipocytes and establish the zebrafish as a new model for adipocyte research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Flynn
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA
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45
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The effects of 2-bromopalmitate on the fatty acid composition in differentiating adipocytes of red sea bream (Pagrus major). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 152:370-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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