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Lisov A, Belova O, Lisova Z, Nagel A, Shadrin A, Andreeva-Kovalevskaya Z, Nagornykh M, Zakharova M, Leontievsky A. Two β-glucanases from bacterium Cellulomonas flavigena: expression in Pichia pastoris, properties, biotechnological potential. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1313-1321. [PMID: 37093814 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2201934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
In the genome of Cellulomonas flavigena, two genes that potentially encode endoglucanases - Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 were identified. We cloned the genes and created Pichia pastoris-based recombinant producers of two proteins that were expressed from the AOX1 promoter. Each of the endoglucanase molecules contains a GH6 catalytic domain, CBM2 carbohydrate-binding module, and TAT signal peptide. The fermentation of the producers was carried out in a 10 L fermenter; Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 were purified using affinity chromatography. The yield comprised 10.3 mg/ml (430 U/ml) for Cfla_2913 and 9 mg/ml (370 U/ml) for Cfla_2912. Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 were found to have a high activity against barley β-glucan and lichenan, a weak activity against carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), phosphoric-acid treated cellulose, and no activity against laminarin, xylan, soluble starch, microcrystalline cellulose, cellobiose, and cellotriose. Thus, the proteins exhibited β-glucanase activity. Both proteins had a neutral pH optimum of about 7.0 and were more stable at neutral and slightly alkaline pH ranging from 7.0 to 9.0. Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 showed a moderate thermal stability. The products of barley β-glucan hydrolysis by Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 were trisaccharide, tetrasaccharide, and cellobiose. Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 efficiently hydrolyzed cereal polysaccharides, which indicate that they may have biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lisov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana Belova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zoya Lisova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Nagel
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Shadrin
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhanna Andreeva-Kovalevskaya
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Nagornykh
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Zakharova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Leontievsky
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Two GH16 Endo-1,3-β-D-Glucanases from Formosa agariphila and F. algae Bacteria Have Complete Different Modes of Laminarin Digestion. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:434-446. [PMID: 34724141 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a comparative analysis of primary structures and catalytic properties of two recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanases from marine bacteria Formosa agariphila KMM 3901 and previously reported F. algae KMM 3553. Both enzymes had the same molecular mass 61 kDa, temperature optimum 45 °C, and comparable ranges of thermal stability and Km. While the set of products of laminarin hydrolysis with endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. algae was stable of the reaction with pH 4-9, the pH stability of the products of laminarin hydrolysis with endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. agariphila varied at pH 5-6 for DP 2, at pH 4 and 7-8 for DP 5, and at pH 9 for DP 3. There were differences in modes of action of these enzymes on laminarin and 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucoside (Umb), indicating the presence of transglycosylating activity of endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. algae and its absence in endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. agariphila. While endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. algae produced transglycosylated laminarioligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization 2-10 (predominately 3-4), endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. agariphila did not catalyze transglycosylation in our lab parameters.
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3
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Koteshwara A, Philip NV, Aranjani JM, Hariharapura RC, Volety Mallikarjuna S. A set of simple methods for detection and extraction of laminarinase. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2489. [PMID: 33510321 PMCID: PMC7844030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A carefully designed ammonium sulfate precipitation will simplify extraction of proteins and is considered to be a gold standard among various precipitation methods. Therefore, optimization of ammonium sulfate precipitation can be an important functional step in protein purification. The presence of high amounts of ammonium sulphate precludes direct detection of many enzymatically active proteins including reducing sugar assays (e.g. Nelson-Somogyi, Reissig and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid methods) for assessing carbohydrases (e.g. laminarinase (β (1-3)-glucanohydrolase), cellulases and chitinases). In this study, a simple method was developed using laminarin infused agarose plate for the direct analysis of the ammonium sulphate precipitates from Streptomyces rimosus AFM-1. The developed method is simple and convenient that can give accurate results even in presence of ammonium sulfate in the crude precipitates. Laminarin is a translucent substrate requiring the use of a stain to visualize the zones of hydrolysis in a plate assay. A very low-cost and locally available fluorescent optical fabric brightener Tinopal CBS-X has been used as a stain to detect the zones of hydrolysis. We also report simple methods to prepare colloidal chitin and cell free supernatant in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthamurthy Koteshwara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nancy V Philip
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Jesil Mathew Aranjani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekhar Hariharapura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Subrahmanyam Volety Mallikarjuna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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4
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Usoltseva RV, Belik AA, Kusaykin MI, Malyarenko OS, Zvyagintsevа TN, Ermakova SP. Laminarans and 1,3-β-D-glucanases. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1010-1025. [PMID: 32663561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The laminarans are biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide (1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) of brown algae. These polysaccharides are an attractive object for research due to its relatively simple structure, low toxicity, and various biological effects. 1,3-β-D-glucanases are an effective tool for studying the structure of laminarans, and can also be used to obtain new biologically active derivatives. This review is to outline what is currently known about laminarans and enzymes that catalyze of their transformation. We focused on information about sources, structure and properties of laminarans and 1,3-β-D-glucanases, methods of obtaining and structural elucidation of laminarans, and biological activity of laminarans and products of their enzymatic transformation. It has an increased focus on the immunomodulating and anticancer activity of laminarans and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza V Usoltseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Aleksei A Belik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail I Kusaykin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Olesya S Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatiana N Zvyagintsevа
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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Li J, Cao C, Jiang Y, Huang Q, Shen Y, Ni J. A Novel Digestive GH16 β-1,3(4)-Glucanase from the Fungus-Growing Termite Macrotermes barneyi. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:1284-1297. [PMID: 32725373 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
β-1,3-glucanases are the main digestive enzymes of plant and fungal cell wall. Transcriptomic analysis of the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes barneyi revealed a high expression of a predicted β-1,3(4)-glucanase (Mbbgl) transcript in termite gut. Here, we described the cDNA cloning, heterologous expression, and enzyme characterization of Mbbgl. Sequence analysis and RT-PCR results showed that Mbbgl is a termite-origin GH16 β-1,3(4)-glucanase. The recombinant enzyme showed the highest activity towards laminarin and was active optimally at 50 °C, pH 5.5. The enzyme displayed endo/exo β-1,3(4)-glucanase activities. Moreover, Mbbgl had weak transglycosylation activity. The results indicate that Mbbgl is an endogenous digestive β-1,3(4)-glucanase, which contributes to the decomposition of plant biomass and fungal hyphae. Additionally, the multiple activities, pH, and ion stabilities make Mbbgl a potential candidate for application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chunjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Biotechnology Development Institute, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yulong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jinfeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Santos CR, Costa PACR, Vieira PS, Gonzalez SET, Correa TLR, Lima EA, Mandelli F, Pirolla RAS, Domingues MN, Cabral L, Martins MP, Cordeiro RL, Junior AT, Souza BP, Prates ÉT, Gozzo FC, Persinoti GF, Skaf MS, Murakami MT. Structural insights into β-1,3-glucan cleavage by a glycoside hydrolase family. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:920-929. [PMID: 32451508 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental and assorted roles of β-1,3-glucans in nature are underpinned on diverse chemistry and molecular structures, demanding sophisticated and intricate enzymatic systems for their processing. In this work, the selectivity and modes of action of a glycoside hydrolase family active on β-1,3-glucans were systematically investigated combining sequence similarity network, phylogeny, X-ray crystallography, enzyme kinetics, mutagenesis and molecular dynamics. This family exhibits a minimalist and versatile (α/β)-barrel scaffold, which can harbor distinguishing exo or endo modes of action, including an ancillary-binding site for the anchoring of triple-helical β-1,3-glucans. The substrate binding occurs via a hydrophobic knuckle complementary to the canonical curved conformation of β-1,3-glucans or through a substrate conformational change imposed by the active-site topology of some fungal enzymes. Together, these findings expand our understanding of the enzymatic arsenal of bacteria and fungi for the breakdown and modification of β-1,3-glucans, which can be exploited for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R Santos
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro A C R Costa
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Plínio S Vieira
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thamy L R Correa
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro A Lima
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mandelli
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan A S Pirolla
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane N Domingues
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucelia Cabral
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcele P Martins
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa L Cordeiro
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Atílio T Junior
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz P Souza
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érica T Prates
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fabio C Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F Persinoti
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Munir S Skaf
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario T Murakami
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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7
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Linton SM. Review: The structure and function of cellulase (endo-β-1,4-glucanase) and hemicellulase (β-1,3-glucanase and endo-β-1,4-mannase) enzymes in invertebrates that consume materials ranging from microbes, algae to leaf litter. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 240:110354. [PMID: 31647988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the reaction catalysed, and the structure and function of the cellulase, endo-β-1,4-glucanase and the hemicellulase enzymes, β-1,3-glucanase and endo-β-1,4-mannase that are present in numerous invertebrate groups with a diverse range of feeding specialisations. These range from microbial deposit and filter feeders, micro and macrophagous algal feeders, omnivores to herbivorous leaf litter and wood feeders. Endo-β-1,4-glucanase from glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GH9) digests cellulose like β-1,4-glucans from a range of materials. As it hydrolyses crystalline cellulose very slowly, it is a poor cellulase. Where tested, the enzyme has dual endo-β-1,4-glucanase and lichenase activity. Its presence does not necessarily indicate the ability of an animal to digest cellulose. It only indicates the ability to digest β-1,4-glucans and its function, which is discussed in this review, should be considered with reference to the substrates present in the diet. β-1,3-glucanase (laminarinase) belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 16 (GH16) and hydrolyses β-1.3-glucans. These polysaccharides are present in the cell walls of algae, protozoans and yeast, and they also occur as storage polysaccharides within protozoans and algae. Depending on their site of expression, these enzymes may function as a digestive enzyme or may be involved in innate immunity. Enzymes present in the digestive fluids or tissues, would be digestive. Haemolymph GH16 proteins may be involved in innate immunity through the activation of the phenol oxidase system. Insect GH16 proteins expressed within the haemolymph have lost their catalytic residues and function as β-glucan binding proteins. In contrast, crustacean GH16 proteins expressed within the same tissue, have retained the catalytic residues and thus possibly their β-1,3-glucanase activity. The potential function of which is discussed. Endo-β-1,4-mannase from glycosyl hydrolase family 5, subfamily 10 (GH5_10) hydrolyses mannan, glucomannan and galactomannan. These hemicelluloses are present in the cell walls of plants and algae and also function as storage polysaccharides within legume and palm seeds. They are digestive enzymes whose high expression in some species suggests they are a major contributor to hemicellulose digestion. They may also provide the animal with substantial amounts of monosaccharides for energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Linton
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, VIC 3216, Australia.
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8
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Escobar-Correas S, Mendoza-Porras O, Dellagnola FA, Colgrave ML, Vega IA. Integrative Proteomic Analysis of Digestive Tract Glycosidases from the Invasive Golden Apple Snail, Pomacea canaliculata. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3342-3352. [PMID: 31321981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata, an invasive species of global significance, possesses a well-developed digestive system and diverse feeding mechanisms enabling the intake of a wide variety of food. The identification of glycosidases in adult snails would increase the understanding of their digestive physiology and potentially generate new opportunities to eradicate and/or control this invasive species. In this study, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was applied to define the occurrence, diversity, and origin of glycoside hydrolases along the digestive tract of P. canaliculata. A range of cellulases, hemicellulases, amylases, maltases, fucosidases, and galactosidases were identified across the digestive tract. The digestive gland and the contents of the crop and style sac yield a higher diversity of glycosidase-derived peptides. Subsequently, peptides derived from 81 glycosidases (46 proteins from the public database and 35 uniquely from the transcriptome database) that were distributed among 13 glycoside hydrolase families were selected and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. This study showed a high glycosidase abundance and diversity in the gut contents of P. canaliculata which participate in extracellular digestion of complex dietary carbohydrates. Salivary and digestive glands were the main tissues involved in their synthesis and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Escobar-Correas
- IHEM, CONICET , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Instituto de Fisiología , Mendoza 5500 , Argentina
| | - Omar Mendoza-Porras
- Agriculture & Food , CSIRO , 306 Carmody Road , St. Lucia , Queensland 4067 , Australia
| | - Federico A Dellagnola
- IHEM, CONICET , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Instituto de Fisiología , Mendoza 5500 , Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología , Mendoza 5500 , Argentina
| | - Michelle L Colgrave
- Agriculture & Food , CSIRO , 306 Carmody Road , St. Lucia , Queensland 4067 , Australia
| | - Israel A Vega
- IHEM, CONICET , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Instituto de Fisiología , Mendoza 5500 , Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología , Mendoza 5500 , Argentina
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9
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Li J, Cai C, Yang C, Li J, Sun T, Yu G. Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Potential of Brown Algal Polysaccharides and their Derivatives. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1290-1311. [PMID: 31237200 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190618143952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine plants, animals and microorganisms display steady growth in the ocean and are abundant carbohydrate resources. Specifically, natural polysaccharides obtained from brown algae have been drawing increasing attention owing to their great potential in pharmaceutical applications. This review describes the structural and biological features of brown algal polysaccharides, including alginates, fucoidans, and laminarins, and it highlights recently developed approaches used to obtain the oligo- and polysaccharides with defined structures. Functional modification of these polysaccharides promotes their advanced applications in biomedical materials for controlled release and targeted drug delivery, etc. Moreover, brown algal polysaccharides and their derivatives possess numerous biological activities with anticancer, anticoagulant, wound healing, and antiviral properties. In addition, we also discuss carbohydrate- based substrates from brown algae, which are currently in clinical and preclinical studies, as well as the marine drugs that are already on the market. The present review summarizes the recent development in carbohydratebased products from brown algae, with promising findings that could rapidly facilitate the future discovery of novel marine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chendong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
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10
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Kim DH, Kim DH, Lee SH, Kim KH. A novel β-glucosidase from Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 T for the efficient hydrolysis of laminarin from brown macroalgae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:64. [PMID: 29563967 PMCID: PMC5851131 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laminarin is a potential biomass feedstock for the production of glucose, which is the most preferable fermentable sugar in many microorganisms by which it can be converted to biofuels and bio-based chemicals. Also, laminarin is a good resource as functional materials because it consists of β-1,3-glucosidic linkages in its backbone and β-1,6-glucosidic linkages in its branches so that its oligosaccharides driven from laminarin have a variety of biological activities. It is industrially important to be able to produce laminarioligosaccharides as well as glucose from laminarin by a single enzyme because the enzyme cost accounts for a large part of bio-based products. In this study, we investigated the industrial applicability of Bgl1B, a unique β-glucosidase from Saccharophagus degradans 2-40T, belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) by characterizing its activity of hydrolyzing laminarin under various conditions. RESULTS Bgl1B was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli from S. degradans 2-40T, and its enzymatic activity was characterized. Similar to most of β-glucosidases in GH1, Bgl1B was able to hydrolyze a variety of disaccharides having different β-linkages, such as laminaribiose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, lactose, and agarobiose, by cleaving β-1,3-, β-1,4-, and β-1,6-glycosidic linkages. However, Bgl1B showed the highest specific activity toward laminaribiose with a β-1,3-glycosidic linkage. In addition, it was able to hydrolyze laminarin, one of the major polysaccharides in brown macroalgae, into glucose with a conversion yield of 75% of theoretical maximum. Bgl1B also showed transglycosylation activity by producing oligosaccharides from laminarin and laminaribiose under a high mass ratio of substrate to enzyme. Furthermore, Bgl1B was found to be psychrophilic, exhibiting relative activity of 59-85% in the low-temperature range of 2-20 °C. CONCLUSIONS Bgl1B can directly hydrolyze laminarin into glucose with a high conversion yield without leaving any oligosaccharides. Bgl1B can exhibit high enzymatic activity in a broad range of low temperatures (2-20 °C), which is advantageous for establishing energy-efficient bioprocesses. In addition, under high substrate to enzyme ratios, Bgl1B can produce high-value laminarioligosaccharides via its transglycosylation activity. These results show that Bgl1B can be an industrially important enzyme for the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals from brown macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Do Hyoung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
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Tsuji A, Kuwamura S, Shirai A, Yuasa K. Identification and Characterization of a 25 kDa Protein That Is Indispensable for the Efficient Saccharification of Eisenia bicyclis in the Digestive Fluid of Aplysia kurodai. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170669. [PMID: 28129373 PMCID: PMC5271319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The digestive fluid of the sea hare Aplysia kurodai can liberate approximately 2.5 mg of glucose from 10 mg of dried Eisenia bicyclis powder. Although laminaran, a major storage polysaccharide in E. bicyclis, is easily digested to glucose by the synergistic action of the 110 and 210 kDa A. kurodai β-glucosidases (BGLs), glucose is not liberated from E. bicyclis by direct incubation with these BGLs. To clarify this discrepancy, we searched for an Eisenia hydrolysis enhancing protein (EHEP) in the digestive fluid of A. kurodai. A novel 25 kDa protein that enhances E. bicyclis saccharification by β-glucosidases was purified to a homogeneous state from the digestive fluid of A. kurodai, and its cDNA was cloned from total cDNAs reverse-transcribed from hepatopancreas total RNA. The E. bicyclis extract strongly inhibited BGLs, suggesting some compound within this brown alga functioned as a feeding deterrent. However, when E. bicyclis was incubated with BGLs in the presence of EHEP, glucose production was markedly increased. As E. bicyclis is rich in phlorotannin, which are only found in brown algae, our study suggested that these compounds are the main BGL inhibitors in E. bicyclis extract. EHEP protects BGLs from phlorotannin inhibition by binding to phlorotannins and forming an insoluble complex with phloroglucinol and phlorotannins. These findings indicated that EHEP plays a key role in the saccharification of brown seaweeds containing phlorotannins in the digestive fluid of A. kurodai. This is the first report of EHEP as a phlorotannin-binding protein that protects BGLs from inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Tsuji
- Department of Biomolecular function and Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kuwamura
- Department of Biomolecular function and Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shirai
- Department of Bioresource Chemistry and Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keizo Yuasa
- Department of Biomolecular function and Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima, Japan
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A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-d-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553: enzyme characteristics and transglycosylation products analysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kumagai Y, Okuyama M, Kimura A. Heat treatment of curdlan enhances the enzymatic production of biologically active β-(1,3)-glucan oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 146:396-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Motone K, Takagi T, Sasaki Y, Kuroda K, Ueda M. Direct ethanol fermentation of the algal storage polysaccharide laminarin with an optimized combination of engineered yeasts. J Biotechnol 2016; 231:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Tao ZP, Sun LC, Qiu XJ, Cai QF, Liu GM, Su WJ, Cao MJ. Preparation, characterisation and use for antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3088-3097. [PMID: 26439109 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) production is growing annually. During industrial processing, the viscera, which are abundant of cellulase, are usually discarded or processed into low-value feedstuff. Thus, it is of interest to obtain cellulase from abalone viscera and investigate its application for preparation of functional oligosaccharides. RESULTS A cellulase was purified from the hepatopancreas of abalone by ammonium sulfate precipitation and two-steps column chromatography. The molecular weight of the cellulase was 45 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis yielded 103 amino acid residues, which were identical to cellulases from other species of abalone. Substrate specificity analysis indicated that the cellulase is an endo-1,4-β-glucanase. Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. The oligosaccharides revealed 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. CONCLUSION It is feasible and meaningful to utilise cellulase from the viscera of abalone for preparation of functional oligosaccharides. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Tao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Le-Chang Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Xu-Jian Qiu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qiu-Feng Cai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Wen-Jin Su
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
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Behera S, Singh R, Arora R, Sharma NK, Shukla M, Kumar S. Scope of Algae as Third Generation Biofuels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.10.3389/fbioe.2014.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Behera S, Singh R, Arora R, Sharma NK, Shukla M, Kumar S. Scope of algae as third generation biofuels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 2:90. [PMID: 25717470 PMCID: PMC4324237 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2014.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An initiative has been taken to develop different solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels as the alternative energy resources. The current research and technology based on the third generation biofuels derived from algal biomass have been considered as the best alternative bioresource that avoids the disadvantages of first and second generation biofuels. Algal biomass has been investigated for the implementation of economic conversion processes producing different biofuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, and other valuable co-products. In the present review, the recent findings and advance developments in algal biomass for improved biofuel production have been explored. This review discusses about the importance of the algal cell contents, various strategies for product formation through various conversion technologies, and its future scope as an energy security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvashish Behera
- Biochemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Singh
- Biochemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Arora
- Biochemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Biochemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Madhulika Shukla
- Biochemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Biochemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
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Rahman MM, Inoue A, Ojima T. Characterization of a GHF45 cellulase, AkEG21, from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai. Front Chem 2014; 2:60. [PMID: 25147784 PMCID: PMC4123733 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The common sea hare Aplysia kurodai is known to be a good source for the enzymes degrading seaweed polysaccharides. Recently four cellulases, i.e., 95, 66, 45, and 21 kDa enzymes, were isolated from A. kurodai (Tsuji et al., 2013). The former three cellulases were regarded as glycosyl-hydrolase-family 9 (GHF9) enzymes, while the 21 kDa cellulase was suggested to be a GHF45 enzyme. The 21 kDa cellulase was significantly heat stable, and appeared to be advantageous in performing heterogeneous expression and protein-engineering study. In the present study, we determined some enzymatic properties of the 21 kDa cellulase and cloned its cDNA to provide the basis for the protein engineering study of this cellulase. The purified 21 kDa enzyme, termed AkEG21 in the present study, hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose with an optimal pH and temperature at 4.5 and 40°C, respectively. AkEG21 was considerably heat-stable, i.e., it was not inactivated by the incubation at 55°C for 30 min. AkEG21 degraded phosphoric-acid-swollen cellulose producing cellotriose and cellobiose as major end products but hardly degraded oligosaccharides smaller than tetrasaccharide. This indicated that AkEG21 is an endolytic β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4). A cDNA of 1013 bp encoding AkEG21 was amplified by PCR and the amino-acid sequence of 197 residues was deduced. The sequence comprised the initiation Met, the putative signal peptide of 16 residues for secretion and the catalytic domain of 180 residues, which lined from the N-terminus in this order. The sequence of the catalytic domain showed 47–62% amino-acid identities to those of GHF45 cellulases reported in other mollusks. Both the catalytic residues and the N-glycosylation residues known in other GHF45 cellulases were conserved in AkEG21. Phylogenetic analysis for the amino-acid sequences suggested the close relation between AkEG21 and fungal GHF45 cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Rahman
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Applied Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University Hakodate, Japan ; Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Akira Inoue
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Applied Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University Hakodate, Japan
| | - Takao Ojima
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Applied Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University Hakodate, Japan
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Kumagai Y, Satoh T, Inoue A, Ojima T. A laminaribiose-hydrolyzing enzyme, AkLab, from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai and its transglycosylation activity. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 167:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Kim EJ, Fathoni A, Jeong GT, Jeong HD, Nam TJ, Kong IS, Kim JK. Microbacterium oxydans, a novel alginate- and laminarin-degrading bacterium for the reutilization of brown-seaweed waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 130:153-159. [PMID: 24076515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for the efficient treatment of seaweed waste. We identified six bacterial strains from the marine environment for the reutilization of brown-seaweed waste, and the most potentially useful strain, Microbacterium oxydans, was chosen and further investigated. Plate assays indicated that this bacterial isolate possessed both alginate lyase and laminarinase activities. The optimal inoculum size, pH, temperature and substrate concentration for the degradation of brown-seaweed polysaccharides by the isolate were as follows: 20% (v v(-1)), pH 6.0, 37 °C, and 5 g L(-1) for alginate and 20% (v v(-1)), pH 6.0, 30 °C, and 10 g L(-1) for laminarin, respectively. During 6 d in culture under the optimal conditions, the isolate produced 0.17 g L(-1) of reducing sugars from alginate with 11.0 U mL(-1) of maximal alginate lyase activity, and 5.11 and 2.88 g L(-1) of reducing sugars and glucose from laminarin, respectively. In particular, a fair amount of laminarin was degraded to glucose (28.8%) due to the isolate's exolytic laminarinase activity. As a result, the reutilization of brown-seaweed waste by this isolate appears to be possible for the production of reducing sugars as a valuable resource. This is the first study to directly demonstrate the ability of M. oxydans to degrade both alginate and laminarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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Mann AJ, Hahnke RL, Huang S, Werner J, Xing P, Barbeyron T, Huettel B, Stüber K, Reinhardt R, Harder J, Glöckner FO, Amann RI, Teeling H. The genome of the alga-associated marine flavobacterium Formosa agariphila KMM 3901T reveals a broad potential for degradation of algal polysaccharides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:6813-22. [PMID: 23995932 PMCID: PMC3811500 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01937-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, representatives of the Bacteroidetes have been increasingly recognized as specialists for the degradation of macromolecules. Formosa constitutes a Bacteroidetes genus within the class Flavobacteria, and the members of this genus have been found in marine habitats with high levels of organic matter, such as in association with algae, invertebrates, and fecal pellets. Here we report on the generation and analysis of the genome of the type strain of Formosa agariphila (KMM 3901(T)), an isolate from the green alga Acrosiphonia sonderi. F. agariphila is a facultative anaerobe with the capacity for mixed acid fermentation and denitrification. Its genome harbors 129 proteases and 88 glycoside hydrolases, indicating a pronounced specialization for the degradation of proteins, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins. Sixty-five of the glycoside hydrolases are organized in at least 13 distinct polysaccharide utilization loci, where they are clustered with TonB-dependent receptors, SusD-like proteins, sensors/transcription factors, transporters, and often sulfatases. These loci play a pivotal role in bacteroidetal polysaccharide biodegradation and in the case of F. agariphila revealed the capacity to degrade a wide range of algal polysaccharides from green, red, and brown algae and thus a strong specialization of toward an alga-associated lifestyle. This was corroborated by growth experiments, which confirmed usage particularly of those monosaccharides that constitute the building blocks of abundant algal polysaccharides, as well as distinct algal polysaccharides, such as laminarins, xylans, and κ-carrageenans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Mann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Sixing Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Johannes Werner
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Bremen, Germany
| | - Peng Xing
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- National Center of Scientific Research/Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 6, UMR 7139 Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | | | - Kurt Stüber
- Max Planck Genome Centre Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jens Harder
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Frank Oliver Glöckner
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rudolf I. Amann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hanno Teeling
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
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Sova VV, Pesentseva MS, Zakharenko AM, Kovalchuk SN, Zvyagintseva TN. Glycosidases of marine organisms. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:746-59. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913070079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mizutani K, Tsuchiya S, Toyoda M, Nanbu Y, Tominaga K, Yuasa K, Takahashi N, Tsuji A, Mikami B. Structure of β-1,4-mannanase from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai at 1.05 Å resolution. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:1164-8. [PMID: 23027740 PMCID: PMC3497972 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112037074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
β-1,4-Mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78) catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds within mannan, a major constituent group of the hemicelluloses. Bivalves and gastropods possess β-1,4-mannanase and may degrade mannan in seaweed and/or phytoplankton to obtain carbon and energy using the secreted enzymes in their digestive systems. In the present study, the crystal structure of AkMan, a gastropod β-1,4-mannanase prepared from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai, was determined at 1.05 Å resolution. This is the first report of the three-dimensional structure of a gastropod β-1,4-mannanase. The structure was compared with bivalve β-1,4-mannanase and the roles of residues in the catalytic cleft were investigated. No obvious binding residue was found in subsite +1 and the substrate-binding site was exposed to the molecular surface, which may account for the enzymatic properties of mannanases that can digest complex substrates such as glucomannan and branched mannan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiko Mizutani
- Laboratory of Applied Structural Biology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sae Tsuchiya
- Laboratory of Applied Structural Biology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mayuko Toyoda
- Laboratory of Applied Structural Biology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuko Nanbu
- Laboratory of Applied Structural Biology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Keiko Tominaga
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Keizo Yuasa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Applied Structural Biology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuji
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Bunzo Mikami
- Laboratory of Applied Structural Biology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Zahura UA, Rahman MM, Inoue A, Ojima T. Characterization of a β-D-mannosidase from a marine gastropod, Aplysia kurodai. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 162:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rahman MM, Inoue A, Tanaka H, Ojima T. cDNA cloning of an alginate lyase from a marine gastropod Aplysia kurodai and assessment of catalytically important residues of this enzyme. Biochimie 2011; 93:1720-30. [PMID: 21689718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Herbivorous marine gastropods such as abalone and sea hare ingest brown algae as a major diet and degrade the dietary alginate with alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.3) in their digestive fluid. To date alginate lyases from Haliotidae species such as abalone have been well characterized and the primary structure analyses have classified abalone enzymes into polysaccharide-lyase-family 14 (PL-14). However, other gastropod enzymes have not been so well investigated and only partial amino-acid sequences are currently available. To improve the knowledge for primary structure and catalytic residues of gastropod alginate lyases, we cloned the cDNA encoding an alginate lyase, AkAly30, from an Aplysiidae species Aplysia kurodai and assessed its catalytically important residues by site-directed mutagenesis. Alginate lyase cDNA fragments were amplified by PCR followed by 5'- and 3'-RACE from A. kurodai hepatopancreas cDNA. The finally cloned cDNA comprised 1313 bp which encoded an amino-acid sequence of 295 residues of AkAly30. The deduced sequence comprised an initiation methionine, a putative signal peptide for secretion (18 residues), a propeptide-like region (9 residues), and a mature AkAly30 domain (267 residues) which showed ∼40% amino-acid identity with abalone alginate lyases. An Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-pCold I expression system for recombinant AkAly30 (recAkAly30) was constructed and site-directed mutagenesis was performed to assess catalytically important amino-acid residues which had been suggested in abalone and Chlorella virus PL-14 enzymes. Replacements of K99, S126, R128, Y140 and Y142 of recAkAly30 by Ala and/or Phe greatly decreased its activity as in the case of abalone and/or Chlorella virus enzymes. Whereas, H213 that was essential for Chlorella virus enzyme to exhibit the activity at pH 10.0 was originally replaced by N120 in AkAly30. The reverse replacement of N120 by His in recAkAly30 increased the activity at pH 10.0 from 8 U/mg to 93 U/mg; however, the activity level at pH 7.0, i.e., 774.8 U/mg, was still much higher than that at pH 10.0. This indicates that N120 is not directly related to the pH dependence of AkAly30 unlike H213 of vAL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Matiur Rahman
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato-cho 3-1-1, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
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cDNA cloning and bacterial expression of an endo-β-1,4-mannanase, AkMan, from Aplysia kurodai. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 159:227-35. [PMID: 21601647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously we isolated an endo-β-1,4-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78), AkMan, from the digestive fluid of a common sea hare Aplysia kurodai and demonstrated that this enzyme had a broad pH optimum spanning 4.0 to 7.5 and an appreciably high heat stability in this pH range (Zahura et al., Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B157, 137-148 (2010)). In the present study, we cloned the cDNA encoding AkMan and constructed a bacterial expression system for this enzyme to enrich information about the primary structure and the characteristic properties of this enzyme. cDNA fragments encoding AkMan were amplified by PCR followed by 5'- and 3'-RACE PCRs from the A. kurodai hepatopancreas cDNA using degenerated primers designed on the basis of partial amino-acid sequences of AkMan. The cDNA including entire translational region of AkMan consisted of 1392bp and encoded 369 amino-acid residues. The N-terminal region of 17 residues of the deduced sequence except for the initiation Met was regarded as the signal peptide of AkMan and the mature enzyme region was considered to comprise 351 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 39961.96Da. Comparison of the primary structure of AkMan with other β-1,4-mannanases indicated that AkMan belongs to the subfamily 10 of glycosyl-hydrolase-family-5 (GHF5). Phylogenetic analysis for the GHF5 β-1,4-mannanases indicated that AkMan together with other molluscan β-1,4-mannanases formed an independent clade of the subfamily 10 in the phylogenetic tree. The recombinant AkMan (recAkMan) was expressed with an Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-pCold1 expression system as an N-terminal hexahistidine-tagged protein and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The recAkMan showed the broad pH optimum in acidic pH range as did native AkMan; however, heat stability of recAkMan was considerably lower than that of native enzyme. This may indicate that the stability of AkMan is derived from an appropriate folding and/or some posttranslational modifications in Aplysia cells.
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Rahman MM, Inoue A, Tanaka H, Ojima T. Isolation and characterization of two alginate lyase isozymes, AkAly28 and AkAly33, from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 157:317-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bragatto I, Genta FA, Ribeiro AF, Terra WR, Ferreira C. Characterization of a β-1,3-glucanase active in the alkaline midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae and its relation to β-glucan-binding proteins. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 40:861-872. [PMID: 20816775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda β-1,3-glucanase (SLam) was purified from larval midgut. It has a molecular mass of 37.5 kDa, an alkaline optimum pH of 9.0, is active against β-1,3-glucan (laminarin), but cannot hydrolyze yeast β-1,3-1,6-glucan or other polysaccharides. The enzyme is an endoglucanase with low processivity (0.4), and is not inhibited by high concentrations of substrate. In contrast to other digestive β-1,3-glucanases from insects, SLam is unable to lyse Saccharomyces cerevisae cells. The cDNA encoding SLam was cloned and sequenced, showing that the protein belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 16 as other insect glucanases and glucan-binding proteins. Multiple sequence alignment of β-1,3-glucanases and β-glucan-binding protein supports the assumption that the β-1,3-glucanase gene duplicated in the ancestor of mollusks and arthropods. One copy originated the derived β-1,3-glucanases by the loss of an extended N-terminal region and the β-glucan-binding proteins by the loss of the catalytic residues. SLam homology modeling suggests that E228 may affect the ionization of the catalytic residues, thus displacing the enzyme pH optimum. SLam antiserum reacts with a single protein in the insect midgut. Immunocytolocalization shows that the enzyme is present in secretory vesicles and glycocalyx from columnar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bragatto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, 05513-970 São Paulo, Brazil
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Zahura UA, Rahman MM, Inoue A, Tanaka H, Ojima T. An endo-β-1,4-mannanase, AkMan, from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 157:137-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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