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Tinant G, Neefs I, Das K, Rees JF, Larondelle Y, Debier C. Methylmercury displays pro-adipogenic properties in rainbow trout preadipocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127917. [PMID: 33297014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a ubiquitous contaminant largely found in aquatic environments, especially in species at high trophic level such as salmonids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MeHg on adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism in rainbow trout. Primary cultured preadipocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of MeHg during six days with or without a hormonal cocktail. Main results showed a dose-dependent intracellular accumulation of neutral lipids with a preferential uptake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Interestingly, this accumulation occurred after a fairly low uptake of MeHg by preadipocytes and was maintained after the cellular exposure to MeHg. In membrane phospholipids, arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) was released in a dose-dependent manner. At the transcriptional level, the expression of several adipocyte-specific genes (perilipin 2 and apolipoprotein Eb) as well as lipid-related genes (fatty acid synthase and fatty acid binding protein 11a) was up-regulated in preadipocytes exposed to MeHg. These results highlight for the first time the disrupting effect of MeHg in trout adipocyte metabolism, providing new insights regarding the role of environmental pollutants in adipose tissue dysfunction and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Tinant
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix Du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Ineke Neefs
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix Du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Krishna Das
- Laboratory of Oceanology, Université de Liège, 11 Allée Du 6 Août, B6C, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Rees
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix Du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix Du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Cathy Debier
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix Du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Bou M, Torgersen JS, Østbye TKK, Ruyter B, Wang X, Škugor S, Kristiansen IØ, Todorčević M. DHA Modulates Immune Response and Mitochondrial Function of Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes after LPS Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114101. [PMID: 32521827 PMCID: PMC7312884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes play a central role in overall energy homeostasis and are important contributors to the immune system. Fatty acids (FAs) act as signaling molecules capable to modulate adipocyte metabolism and functions. To identify the effects of two commonly used FAs in Atlantic salmon diets, primary adipocytes were cultured in the presence of oleic (OA) or docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid. DHA decreased adipocyte lipid droplet number and area compared to OA. The increase in lipid load in OA treated adipocytes was paralleled by an increase in iNOS activity and mitochondrial SOD2-GFP activity, which was probably directed to counteract increase in oxidative stress. Under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, DHA had a greater anti-inflammatory effect than OA, as evidenced by the higher SOD2 activity and the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant enzymes and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. In addition, DHA maintained a healthy mitochondrial structure under induced inflammation while OA led to elongated mitochondria with a thin thread like structures in adipocytes exposed to LPS. Overall, DHA possess anti-inflammatory properties and protects Atlantic salmon against oxidative stress and limits lipid deposition. Furthermore, DHA plays a key role in protecting mitochondria shape and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bou
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
| | - Jacob Seilø Torgersen
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
- AquaGen, P.O. Box 1240, N-7462 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone-Kari Knutsdatter Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
| | - Xinxia Wang
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Stanko Škugor
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
- Cargill Innovation Center, 0366 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Øien Kristiansen
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
| | - Marijana Todorčević
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +447979715263
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Lei CX, Tian JJ, Ji H, Li Y. EPA plays multiple roles in regulating lipid accumulation of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella adipose tissue in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:290-301. [PMID: 29968318 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) on lipid accumulation in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella adipose tissue both in vitro and in vivo. EPA was observed to inhibit the adipocyte viability in a time and dose-dependent manner. EPA was also found to induce reactive oxygen species accumulation in vitro. The mRNA levels of caspase 3a and caspase 3b, as well as the activity of Caspase 3 increased significantly in vitro and in vivo, whereas the value of B cell leukemia 2-Bcl-2 associated X protein decreased significantly. Besides, the pro-apoptotic effect was relieved by α-tocopherol. Dietary 0.52% EPA had no apparent effect on intraperitoneal fat index. Moreover, EPA promoted the hydrolytic gene expressions in vitro and in vivo, including adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone sensitive lipase-a. Meanwhile, the lipogenic gene expressions of liver X receptor α, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c and fatty-acid synthase were down-regulated by EPA in vitro and in vivo. However, EPA also acted to promote the marker gene expressions of adipogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and lipoprotein lipase in vitro and in vivo. Contents of EPA increased significantly in the treatment groups in vitro and in vivo. These results support that EPA affects multiple aspects of lipid metabolism, including hydrolysis, lipogenesis, adipogenesis and apoptosis. However, it barely functioned in decreasing the lipid accumulation of Ctenopharyngodon idella under the current culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai X Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing J Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
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Martacic J, Filipovic MK, Borozan S, Cvetkovic Z, Popovic T, Arsic A, Takic M, Vucic V, Glibetic M. N-acetyl-L-cysteine protects dental tissue stem cells against oxidative stress in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2897-2903. [PMID: 29450735 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to investigate whether N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) could protect stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) against oxidative damage, during in vitro cultivation, to preserve regenerative potential of these cells. Accordingly, we examined the potential of cell culture supplementation with NAC in prevention of lipid peroxidation, unfavorable changes of total lipids fatty acid composition, and the effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed the extent of oxidative damage in SHED after 48 h treatment with different NAC concentrations. Cellular lipid peroxidation was determined upon reaction with thiobarbituric acid. All enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically, based on published methods. Fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS Concentration of 0.1 mM NAC showed the most profound effects on SHED, significantly decreasing levels of lipid peroxidation in comparison to control. This dose also diminished the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, NAC treatment significantly changed fatty acid composition of cells, reducing levels of oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids and increasing linoleic acid, n-6, and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportions. CONCLUSION Low dose of NAC significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and altered fatty acid composition towards increasing PUFA. The reduced oxidative damage of cellular lipids could be strongly related to improved SHED survival in vitro. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Low doses of antioxidants, applied during stem cells culturing and maintenance, could improve cellular characteristics in vitro. This is prerequisite for successful use of stem cells in various clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Martacic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milica Kovacevic Filipovic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Suncica Borozan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Zorica Cvetkovic
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Vukova 9, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popovic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija Takic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vucic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Maria Glibetic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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Liu F, Shi HZ, Guo QS, Yu YB, Wang AM, Lv F, Shen WB. Effects of astaxanthin and emodin on the growth, stress resistance and disease resistance of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:125-135. [PMID: 26899124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) has become a commercially important fish species in China and eastern Asia. High-density aquaculture has led to congestion and excessive stress and contributed to bacterial infection outbreaks that have caused high mortality. We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with astaxanthin and emodin alone and in combination on the growth and stress resistance of yellow catfish. After 60 days of feeding, each group of fish (control, astaxanthin, emodin, and astaxanthin plus emodin (combination) groups) was exposed to acute crowding stress for 24 h, and a subsample of fish from the four groups was challenged with the bacterial septicemia pathogen Proteus mirabilis after the end of the crowding stress experiment. Compared with the control, the astaxanthin and emodin groups showed increases in serum total protein (TP), hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and hepatic heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) mRNA levels at 12 and 24 h after the initiation of crowding stress. The combination group exhibited increases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, serum TP, hepatic SOD activity and hepatic HSP70 mRNA levels within 24 h after the initiation of crowding stress. However, decreases relative to the control were observed in the serum cortisol and glucose contents in the three treatment groups at 12 and 24 h after the initiation of crowding stress, in ALT and AST activity in the astaxanthin and emodin group at 24 h after the initiation of crowding stress, and in the serum lysozyme activity, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and hepatic catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in the combination group at 24 h after the initiation of crowding stress. Additionally, the cumulative mortality after P. mirabilis infection was lower in all three treatment groups (57.00%-70.33%) than in the control (77.67%). Dietary supplementation with astaxanthin and emodin decreased the specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) of healthy yellow catfish, although significant differences in mortality were not observed. These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 80 mg/kg astaxanthin and 150 mg/kg emodin can improve the anti-oxidative capabilities, hepatic HSP70 levels, and resistance to acute crowding stress of yellow catfish. Finally, an appropriate strategy for enhance yellow catfish stress resistance and disease resistance is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory for Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pool of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China; Biology Post-doctoral Mobile Stations, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Shi
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Qiao-Sheng Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Ye-Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pool of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Ai-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pool of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Fu Lv
- Key Laboratory for Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pool of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Wen-Biao Shen
- Biology Post-doctoral Mobile Stations, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
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Todorčević M, Hodson L. The Effect of Marine Derived n-3 Fatty Acids on Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Function. J Clin Med 2015; 5:jcm5010003. [PMID: 26729182 PMCID: PMC4730128 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue function is key determinant of metabolic health, with specific nutrients being suggested to play a role in tissue metabolism. One such group of nutrients are the n-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). Results from studies where human, animal and cellular models have been utilised to investigate the effects of EPA and/or DHA on white adipose tissue/adipocytes suggest anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects. We review here evidence for these effects, specifically focusing on studies that provide some insight into metabolic pathways or processes. Of note, limited work has been undertaken investigating the effects of EPA and DHA on white adipose tissue in humans whilst more work has been undertaken using animal and cellular models. Taken together it would appear that EPA and DHA have a positive effect on lowering lipogenesis, increasing lipolysis and decreasing inflammation, all of which would be beneficial for adipose tissue biology. What remains to be elucidated is the duration and dose required to see a favourable effect of EPA and DHA in vivo in humans, across a range of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Todorčević
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK.
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK.
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Liu P, Ji H, Li C, Tian J, Wang Y, Yu P. Ontogenetic development of adipose tissue in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:867-878. [PMID: 25893904 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the adipose tissue development process during the early stages of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) development, samples were collected from fertilized eggs to 30 days post-fertilization (dpf) of fish. Paraffin and frozen sections were taken to observe the characteristics of adipocytes in vivo by different staining methods, including hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Oil red O, and BODIPY. The expression of lipogenesis-related genes of the samples at different time points was detected by real-time qPCR. In addition, protein expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPAR γ) was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the neutral lipid droplets accumulated first in the hepatocytes of 14-dpf fish larvae, and visceral adipocytes appeared around the hepatopancreas on 16 dpf. As grass carp grew, the adipocytes increased in number and spread to other tissues. In 20-dpf fish larvae, the intestine was observed to be covered by adipose tissue. However, there was no significant change in the average size (30.40-40.01 μm) of adipocytes during this period. Accordingly, the gene expression level of PPAR γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins α (C/EBP α) was significantly elevated after fertilization for 12 days (p < 0.05), but C/EBP α declined at 20 dpf. Expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) increased from 2 to 16 dpf and then declined. In addition, immunoreaction of PPAR γ was positive on hepatocytes after fertilization for 15 days. These results implied that the early developmental stage of adipose tissue is caused by active recruitment of adipocytes as opposed to hypertrophy of the cell. In addition, our study indicated that lipogenesis-related genes might regulate the ongoing development of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
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Ytteborg E, Todorcevic M, Krasnov A, Takle H, Kristiansen IØ, Ruyter B. Precursor cells from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) visceral fat holds the plasticity to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage. Biol Open 2015; 4:783-91. [PMID: 25948755 PMCID: PMC4571100 DOI: 10.1242/bio.201411338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study the potential plasticity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) precursor cells (aSPCs) from the adipogenic mesenchyme cell lineage to differentiate to the osteogenic lineage, aSPCs were isolated and cultivated under either osteogenic or adipogenic promoting conditions. The results strengthen the hypothesis that aSPCs most likely are predestined to the adipogenic lineage, but they also hold the flexibility to turn into other lineages given the right stimuli. This assumption is supported by the fact that the transcription factor pparγ , important for regulation of adiopogenesis, was silent in aSPCs grown in osteogenic media, while runx2, important for osteogenic differentiation, was not expressed in aSPCs cultivated in adipogenic media. After 2 weeks in osteogenic promoting conditions the cells started to deposit extracellular matrix and after 4 weeks, the cells started mineralizing secreted matrix. Microarray analyses revealed large-scale transcriptome responses to osteogenic medium after 2 days, changes remained stable at day 15 and decreased by magnitude at day 30. Induction was observed in many genes involved in osteogenic differentiation, growth factors, regulators of development, transporters and production of extracellular matrix. Transcriptome profile in differentiating adipocytes was markedly different from differentiating osteoblasts with far fewer genes changing activity. The number of regulated genes slowly increased at the mature stage, when adipocytes increased in size and accumulated lipids. This is the first report on in vitro differentiation of aSPCs from Atlantic salmon to mineralizing osteogenic cells. This cell model system provides a new valuable tool for studying osteoblastogenesis in fish.
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Cruz-Garcia L, Sánchez-Gurmaches J, Monroy M, Gutiérrez J, Navarro I. Regulation of lipid metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in rainbow trout adipose tissue by lipolytic and antilipolytic endocrine factors. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 51:86-95. [PMID: 25594950 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I on glycerol release and the regulation of IGF-I and IGF-II expression by GH in isolated rainbow trout adipocytes. Cells were also incubated with GH, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), or insulin to analyze the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and lipid metabolism markers: hormone sensitive lipase, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein lipase. Complimentary in vivo experiments were performed by intraperitoneally administering insulin, TNFα, or lipopolysaccharide and subjecting the animals to fasting and refeeding periods. The results showed that IGF-I had an antilipolytic effect and GH had a lipolytic effect; the latter occurred independently of IGF modulation and in conjunction with a reduction in PPARα expression in adipocytes. The anabolic action of insulin was demonstrated through its upregulation of lipogenic genes such as lipoprotein lipase, FAS, and PPARγ, whereas GH, by contrast, inhibited FAS expression in adipose tissue. The gene transcription levels of PPARs changed differentially during fasting and refeeding, and the TNFα and/or lipopolysaccharide administration suggested that the regulation of PPARs helps maintain metabolic adipose tissue homeostasis in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cruz-Garcia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - J Sánchez-Gurmaches
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - M Monroy
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - J Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - I Navarro
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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10
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Liu P, Li C, Huang J, Ji H. Regulation of adipocytes lipolysis by n-3 HUFA in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) in vitro and in vivo. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1447-1460. [PMID: 24737494 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
N-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) have been shown to inhibit body fat accumulation in animals. To clarify the mechanism of this fat-lowering effect of n-3 HUFA in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, isolated grass carp mature adipocytes were incubated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at different concentrations for 6 h. The release of glycerol to the medium was detected, and the expression of the lipolysis-related genes was analyzed. In experiment 2, a 95-day feeding trial was conducted with two diets formulated with either lard oil (as control) or fish oil (supplying n-3 HUFA as treatment) as the main lipid source. The glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) released from the isolated adipocytes of both groups were detected after the feeding period. The expression of select lipolysis-related genes in adipose tissue was also analyzed. The results from experiment 1 showed that the release of glycerol was significantly increased by DHA and EPA (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of lipolysis-related genes, such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and leptin, was also significantly elevated in the treatment group (P < 0.05). Experiment 2 demonstrated that glycerol and FFA release from the isolated adipocytes were significantly higher in the treatment group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The expression level of ATGL, HSL, TNFα and leptin in the treatment group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). The present results provide novel evidence that n-3 HUFAs could regulate grass carp adipocyte lipolysis in vitro or in vivo, and the effect might be in part associated with their influence on the expression of lipolysis-related genes and lipolysis-related adipokines genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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Liu B, Xu P, Xie J, Ge X, Xia S, Song C, Zhou Q, Miao L, Ren M, Pan L, Chen R. Effects of emodin and vitamin E on the growth and crowding stress of Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:595-602. [PMID: 25134848 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary emodin, high-dose vitamin E and their combination on the growth of Megalobrama amblycephala and its resistance to acute crowding stress. The fish were randomly divided into four groups: a control group fed with basal diet, and three treatment groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg emodin (the emodin group), 500 mg/kg vitamin E (the vit E group), and 60 mg/kg emodin together with 500 mg/kg vitamin E (the combination group). After 60 days, the fish were exposed to acute crowding stress for 24 h. The results showed that the weight gain of the vit E group, specific growth rate of the vit E group, total serum protein concentration (TP) of the vit E group, serum lysozyme activity of the emodin group, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the emodin group, hepatic heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels of the vit E group and the emodin group, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity of the combination group significantly increased while the weight gain and specific growth rate of the combination group significantly decreased compared with the control group before stress. After crowding stress, the vit E group had improved serum TP 12 h post-stress, hepatic SOD activity 24 h post-stress, and hepatic HSP70 mRNA levels 12 and 24 h post-stress while the emodin group had enhanced serum SOD activity 12 and 24 h post-stress and hepatic HSP70 mRNA levels 12 and 24 h post-stress, as compared with the control. However, the serum cortisol content of the three treatment groups 12 and 24 h post-stress, ALT activity in the vit E group and emodin group 24 h post-stress, and serum alkaline phosphatase and liver catalase activity in the combination group 24 h post-stress were lower than those in the control group. The cumulative mortality was lower in the emodin, vit E, and combination group after Aeromonas hydrophila infection compared with the control group. Therefore, dietary supplementation with 60 mg/kg emodin or 500 mg/kg vitamin E can improve HSP70 mRNA levels and antioxidant capabilities, resistance to crowding stress, and growth in M. amblycephala. However, the combination of emodin and vit E does not have a synergistic effect in M. amblycephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Key Open Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Open Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Open Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Open Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Silei Xia
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Changyou Song
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Open Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Linghong Miao
- Key Open Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Key Open Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Open Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Ruli Chen
- Key Open Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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Methionine deficiency does not increase polyamine turnover through depletion of hepatic S-adenosylmethionine in juvenile Atlantic salmon. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1274-85. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514002062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades, plant protein ingredients such as soya proteins have replaced fishmeal in the diets of aquacultured species. This may affect the requirement and metabolism of methionine as soya contains less methionine compared with fishmeal. To assess whether methionine limitation affects decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine availability and polyamine status, in the present study, juvenile Atlantic salmon were fed a methionine-deficient plant protein-based diet or the same diet supplemented with dl-methionine for 8 weeks. The test diets were compared with a fishmeal-based control diet to assess their effects on the growth performance of fish. Methionine limitation reduced growth and protein accretion, but when fish were fed the dl-methionine-supplemented diet their growth and protein accretion equalled those of fish fed the fishmeal-based control diet. Methionine limitation reduced free methionine concentrations in the plasma and muscle, while those in the liver were not affected. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) concentrations were higher in the liver of fish fed the methionine-deficient diet, while S-adenosylhomocysteine concentrations were not affected. Putrescine concentrations were higher and spermine concentrations were lower in the liver of fish fed the methionine-deficient diet, while the gene expression of SAM decarboxylase (SAMdc) and the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine synthesis ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was not affected. Polyamine turnover, as assessed by spermine/spermidine acetyltransferase (SSAT) abundance, activity and gene expression, was not affected by treatment. However, the gene expression of the cytokine TNF-α increased in fish fed the methionine-deficient diet, indicative of stressful conditions in the liver. Even though taurine concentrations in the liver were not affected by treatment, methionine and taurine concentrations in muscle decreased due to methionine deficiency. Concomitantly, liver phospholipid and cholesterol concentrations were reduced, while NEFA concentrations were elevated. In conclusion, methionine deficiency did not increase polyamine turnover through depletion of hepatic SAM, as assessed by SSAT activity and abundance.
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Calvatia lilacina protein extract induces apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress in human colon carcinoma cells. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zebrafish (Danio rerio) fed vitamin E-deficient diets produce embryos with increased morphologic abnormalities and mortality. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:478-86. [PMID: 21684137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) is required to prevent fetal resorption in rodents. To study α-tocopherol's role in fetal development, a nonplacental model is required. Therefore, the zebrafish, an established developmental model organism, was studied by feeding the fish a defined diet with or without added α-tocopherol. Zebrafish (age, 4-6 weeks) were fed the deficient (E-), sufficient (E+) or lab diet up to 1 years. All groups showed similar growth rates. The exponential rate of α-tocopherol depletion up to ~80 day in E- zebrafish was 0.029±0.006 nmol/g, equivalent to a depletion half-life of 25±5 days. From age ~80 days, the E- fish (5±3 nmol/g) contained ~50 times less α-tocopherol than the E+ or lab diet fish (369±131 or 362±107, respectively; P<.05). E-depleted adults demonstrated decreased startle response suggesting neurologic deficits. Expression of selected oxidative stress and apoptosis genes from livers isolated from the zebrafish fed the three diets were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and were not found to vary with vitamin E status. When E-depleted adults were spawned, they produced viable embryos with depleted α-tocopherol concentrations. The E- embryos exhibited a higher mortality (P<.05) at 24 h post-fertillization and a higher combination of malformations and mortality (P<.05) at 120 h post-fertillization than embryos from parents fed E+ or lab diets. This study documents for the first time that vitamin E is essential for normal zebrafish embryonic development.
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Regulation of growth performance and lipid metabolism by dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 159:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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