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Auffret P, Servili A, Gonzalez AA, Fleury ML, Mark FC, Mazurais D. Transgenerational exposure to ocean acidification impacts the hepatic transcriptome of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:331. [PMID: 37322468 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological effects of ocean acidification associated with elevated CO2 concentrations in seawater is the subject of numerous studies in teleost fish. While the short time within-generation impact of ocean acidification (OA) on acid-base exchange and energy metabolism is relatively well described, the effects associated with transgenerational exposure to OA are much less known. Yet, the impacts of OA can vary in time with the potential for acclimation or adaptation of a species. Previous studies in our lab demonstrated that transgenerational exposure to OA had extensive effects on the transcriptome of the olfactory epithelium of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), especially on genes related to ion balance, energy metabolism, immune system, synaptic plasticity, neuron excitability and wiring. In the present study, we complete the previous work by investigating the effect of transgenerational exposure to OA on the hepatic transcriptome of European sea bass. Differential gene expression analysis was performed by RNAseq technology on RNA extracted from the liver of two groups of 18 months F2 juveniles that had been exposed since spawning to the same AO conditions as their parents (F1) to either actual pH or end-of-century predicted pH levels (IPCC RCP8.5), respectively. Here we show that transgenerational exposure to OA significantly impacts the expression of 236 hepatic transcripts including genes mainly involved in inflammatory/immune responses but also in carbohydrate metabolism and cellular homeostasis. Even if this transcriptomic impact is relatively limited compared to what was shown in the olfactory system, this work confirmed that fish transgenerationally exposed to OA exhibit molecular regulation of processes related to metabolism and inflammation. Also, our data expand the up-regulation of a key gene involved in different physiological pathways including calcium homeostasis (i.e. pthr1), which we already observed in the olfactory epithelium, to the liver. Even if our experimental design does not allow to discriminate direct within F2 generation effects from transgenerational plasticity, these results offer the perspective of more functional analyses to determine the potential physiological impact of OA exposure on fish physiology with ecological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Servili
- IFREMER, PHYTNESS, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | | | - Marie-Lou Fleury
- IFREMER, PHYTNESS, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Felix Christopher Mark
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - David Mazurais
- IFREMER, PHYTNESS, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, 29280, France.
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2
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Lattuca ME, Vanella FA, Malanga G, Rubel MD, Manríquez PH, Torres R, Alter K, Marras S, Peck MA, Domenici P, Fernández DA. Ocean acidification and seasonal temperature extremes combine to impair the thermal physiology of a sub-Antarctic fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159284. [PMID: 36209875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To predict the potential impacts of climate change on marine organisms, it is critical to understand how multiple stressors constrain the physiology and distribution of species. We evaluated the effects of seasonal changes in seawater temperature and near-future ocean acidification (OA) on organismal and sub-organismal traits associated with the thermal performance of Eleginops maclovinus, a sub-Antarctic notothenioid species with economic importance to sport and artisanal fisheries in southern South America. Juveniles were exposed to mean winter and summer sea surface temperatures (4 and 10 °C) at present-day and near-future pCO2 levels (~500 and 1800 μatm). After a month, the Critical Thermal maximum and minimum (CTmax, CTmin) of fish were measured using the Critical Thermal Methodology and the aerobic scope of fish was measured based on the difference between their maximal and standard rates determined from intermittent flow respirometry. Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant capacity were also quantified to estimate the oxidative damage potentially caused to gill and liver tissue. Although CTmax and CTmin were higher in individuals acclimated to summer versus winter temperatures, the increase in CTmax was minimal in juveniles exposed to the near-future compared to present-day pCO2 levels (there was a significant interaction between temperature and pCO2 on CTmax). The reduction in the thermal tolerance range under summer temperatures and near-future OA conditions was associated with a reduction in the aerobic scope observed at the elevated pCO2 level. Moreover, an oxidative stress condition was detected in the gill and liver tissues. Thus, chronic exposure to OA and the current summer temperatures pose limits to the thermal performance of juvenile E. maclovinus at the organismal and sub-organismal levels, making this species vulnerable to projected climate-driven warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Lattuca
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina.
| | - Fabián A Vanella
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Malanga
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyB - UBA), Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL - CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano D Rubel
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Patricio H Manríquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Av. Bernardo Ossandón 877, 1781681 Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Larrondo 1281, 1781421 Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), José de Moraleda 16, 5951369 Coyhaique, Chile; Centro de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Av. El Bosque 01789, 6200000 Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Katharina Alter
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Coastal Systems (COS), P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Marras
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (CNR-IAMC), Località Sa Mardini, 09070 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Myron A Peck
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Coastal Systems (COS), P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Domenici
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (CNR-IAMC), Località Sa Mardini, 09070 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica (CNR-IBF), Area di Ricerca San Cataldo, Via G. Moruzzi N°1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniel A Fernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (UNTDF - ICPA), Fuegia Basket 251, V9410BXE Ushuaia, Argentina
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3
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Resende AC, Mauro Carneiro Pereira D, Cristina Schleger I, Dmengeon Pedreiro de Souza MR, Alvez Neundorf AK, Romão S, Herrerias T, Donatti L. Effects of heat shock on energy metabolism and antioxidant defence in a tropical fish species Psalidodon bifasciatus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:1245-1263. [PMID: 35266159 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Predictions about global warming have raised interest in assessing whether ectothermic organisms will be able to adapt to these changes. Understanding the physiological mechanisms and metabolic adjustment capacity of fish subjected to heat stress can provide subsidies that may contribute to decision-making in relation to ecosystems and organisms subjected to global climate change. This study investigated the antioxidant defence system and energy metabolism of carbohydrate and protein responses in the gill, liver and kidney tissues of Psalidodon bifasciatus (Garavello & Sampaio 2010), a Brazilian freshwater fish used in aquaculture and in biological studies, following exposure to heat shock at 31°C for 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The fish presented signs of stress in all tissues tested, as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation concentration at 2 h and phosphofructokinase, hexokinase and malate dehydrogenase activity at 48 h in the gills; increased glutathione-S-transferase activity at 12 h, citrate synthase activity at 24 h and concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration at 12 and 48 h in the liver; and through increased activity of superoxide dismutase at 48 h, glutathione reductase at 24 h, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase at 48 h and concentration of GSH at 24 h in the kidney. In the kidneys, changes in the antioxidant system were more prominent, whereas in the gills, there were greater changes in the carbohydrate metabolism. These results indicated the importance of glycolysis and aerobic metabolism in the gills, aerobic metabolism in the liver and pentose-phosphate pathway in the kidneys during homeostasis. The biomarker response was tissue specific, with the greatest number of biomarkers altered in the gills, followed by those in the kidneys and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carolina Resende
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program on Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Ieda Cristina Schleger
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Romão
- Laranjeiras do Sul, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Herrerias
- Department of Health Promotion, Uniguairacá University Center, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Donatti
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program on Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Lamptey DI, Sparks RW, De Oca RM, Skolik R, Menze MA, Martinez E. Seasonal changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics and physiological performance of the bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, from a shallow, Midwest river. J Therm Biol 2022; 104:103186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xenobiotic metabolism and its physiological consequences in high-Antarctic Notothenioid fishes. Polar Biol 2021; 45:345-358. [PMID: 35221461 PMCID: PMC8818001 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Antarctic ecosystem is progressively exposed to anthropogenic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). So far, it is largely unknown if PAHs leave a mark in the physiology of high-Antarctic fish. We approached this issue via two avenues: first, we examined the functional response of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), which is a molecular initiating event of many toxic effects of PAHs in biota. Chionodraco hamatus and Trematomus loennbergii served as representatives for high-Antarctic Notothenioids, and Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua as non-polar reference species. We sequenced and cloned the Ahr ligand binding domain (LBD) of the Notothenioids and deployed a GAL4-based luciferase reporter gene assay expressing the Ahr LBD. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), beta-naphthoflavone and chrysene were used as ligands for the reporter gene assay. Second, we investigated the energetic costs of Ahr activation in isolated liver cells of the Notothenioids during acute, non-cytotoxic BaP exposure. In the reporter assay, the Ahr LBD of Atlantic cod and the Antarctic Notothenioids were activated by the ligands tested herein. In the in vitro assays with isolated liver cells of high-Antarctic Notothenioids, BaP exposure had no effect on overall respiration, but caused shifts in the respiration dedicated to protein synthesis. Thus, our study demonstrated that high-Antarctic fish possess a functional Ahr that can be ligand-activated in a concentration-dependent manner by environmental contaminants. This is associated with altered cost for cellular protein synthesis. Future studies have to show if the toxicant-induced activation of the Ahr pathway may lead to altered organism performance of Antarctic fish.
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6
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Souza MRDPDE, Zaleski T, Machado C, Kandalski PK, Forgati M, D' Bastiani E, Piechnik CA, Donatti L. Effect of heat stress on the antioxidant defense system and erythrocyte morphology of Antarctic fishes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 94:e20190657. [PMID: 34730667 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220190657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the effect of thermal stress on erythrocytes of Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps, abundant notothenioids in Admiralty Bay, Antarctic Peninsula. In both species, the antioxidant defense system enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S transferase, glutathione reductase were punctually altered (8°C for 1, 3 and 6 days) in erythrocytes, indicating that these markers are not ideal for termal stress. However, under the influence of thermal stress, morphological changes in Notothenia coriiceps erythrocytes were observed at all exposure times (1, 3 and 6 days at 8°C), and in Notothenia rossii occurred in 6 days. These results suggest that Notothenia corriceps presents a lower tolerance to thermal stress at 8°C for up to 6 days, since the cellular and nuclear alterations recorded are pathological and may be deleterious to the cells. Among the morphological markers analyzed in this work, we believe that the shape change and nuclear bubble formation may be good stress biomarkers in erythrocytes of Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa D P DE Souza
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tania Zaleski
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cintia Machado
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Priscila K Kandalski
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana Forgati
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Elvira D' Bastiani
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cláudio A Piechnik
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Donatti
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Caccavo JA, Christiansen H, Constable AJ, Ghigliotti L, Trebilco R, Brooks CM, Cotte C, Desvignes T, Dornan T, Jones CD, Koubbi P, Saunders RA, Strobel A, Vacchi M, van de Putte AP, Walters A, Waluda CM, Woods BL, Xavier JC. Productivity and Change in Fish and Squid in the Southern Ocean. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.624918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern Ocean ecosystems are globally important and vulnerable to global drivers of change, yet they remain challenging to study. Fish and squid make up a significant portion of the biomass within the Southern Ocean, filling key roles in food webs from forage to mid-trophic species and top predators. They comprise a diverse array of species uniquely adapted to the extreme habitats of the region. Adaptations such as antifreeze glycoproteins, lipid-retention, extended larval phases, delayed senescence, and energy-conserving life strategies equip Antarctic fish and squid to withstand the dark winters and yearlong subzero temperatures experienced in much of the Southern Ocean. In addition to krill exploitation, the comparatively high commercial value of Antarctic fish, particularly the lucrative toothfish, drives fisheries interests, which has included illegal fishing. Uncertainty about the population dynamics of target species and ecosystem structure and function more broadly has necessitated a precautionary, ecosystem approach to managing these stocks and enabling the recovery of depleted species. Fisheries currently remain the major local driver of change in Southern Ocean fish productivity, but global climate change presents an even greater challenge to assessing future changes. Parts of the Southern Ocean are experiencing ocean-warming, such as the West Antarctic Peninsula, while other areas, such as the Ross Sea shelf, have undergone cooling in recent years. These trends are expected to result in a redistribution of species based on their tolerances to different temperature regimes. Climate variability may impair the migratory response of these species to environmental change, while imposing increased pressures on recruitment. Fisheries and climate change, coupled with related local and global drivers such as pollution and sea ice change, have the potential to produce synergistic impacts that compound the risks to Antarctic fish and squid species. The uncertainty surrounding how different species will respond to these challenges, given their varying life histories, environmental dependencies, and resiliencies, necessitates regular assessment to inform conservation and management decisions. Urgent attention is needed to determine whether the current management strategies are suitably precautionary to achieve conservation objectives in light of the impending changes to the ecosystem.
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Ruiz-Jarabo I, Gregório SF, Alves A, Mancera JM, Fuentes J. Ocean acidification compromises energy management in Sparus aurata (Pisces: Teleostei). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 256:110911. [PMID: 33647459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ocean acidification mediated by an increase in water pCO2 levels on marine organisms are currently under debate. Elevated CO2 concentrations in the seawater induce several physiological responses in teleost fish, including acid-base imbalances and osmoregulatory changes. However, the consequences of CO2 levels enhancement on energy metabolism are mostly unknown. Here we show that 5 weeks of exposure to hypercapnia (950 and 1800 μatm CO2) altered intermediary metabolism of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) compared to fish acclimated to current ocean values (440 μatm CO2). We found that seabream compromises its physiological acid-base balance with increasing water CO2 levels and the subsequent acidification. Intestinal regions (anterior, mid, and rectum) engaged in maintaining this balance are thus altered, as seen for Na+/K+-ATPase and the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase activities. Moreover, liver and muscle counteracted these effects by increasing catabolic routes e.g., glycogenolysis, glycolysis, amino acid turnover, and lipid catabolism, and plasma energy metabolites were altered. Our results demonstrate how a relatively short period of 5 weeks of water hypercapnia is likely to disrupt the acid-base balance, osmoregulatory capacity and intermediary metabolism in S. aurata. However, long-term studies are necessary to fully understand the consequences of ocean acidification on growth and other energy-demanding activities, such as reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ruiz-Jarabo
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), University do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S F Gregório
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), University do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - A Alves
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), University do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - J M Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J Fuentes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), University do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
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Hannan KD, McMahon SJ, Munday PL, Rummer JL. Contrasting effects of constant and fluctuating pCO 2 conditions on the exercise physiology of coral reef fishes. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105224. [PMID: 33316710 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is predicted to affect the physiology of some fishes. To date, most studies have investigated this issue using stable pCO2 levels based on open ocean projections. Yet, most shallow, nearshore systems experience temporal and spatial pCO2 fluctuations. For example, pCO2 on coral reefs is highest at night and lowest during the day, but as OA progresses, both the average pCO2 and magnitude of fluctuations are expected to increase. We exposed four coral reef fishes - Lutjanus fulviflamma, Caesio cuning, Abudefduf whitleyi, and Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus - to ambient, stable elevated, or fluctuating elevated pCO2 conditions for 9-11 days. Then, we measured swimming performance, oxygen uptake rates, and haematological parameters during the day and at night. When compared to ambient pCO2 conditions, L. fulviflamma, C. cuning, and A. whitleyi exposed to fluctuating elevated pCO2 increased swimming performance, maximum oxygen uptake rates, and aerobic scope, regardless of time of day; whereas, the only nocturnal species studied, C. quinquelineatus, decreased maximum oxygen uptake rates and aerobic scope. Our findings suggest that exposure to fluctuating or stable elevated pCO2 can physiologically benefit some coral reef fishes; however, other species, such as the cardinalfish examined here, may be more sensitive to future OA conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D Hannan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | - Shannon J McMahon
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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10
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Alves A, Gregório SF, Ruiz-Jarabo I, Fuentes J. Intestinal response to ocean acidification in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 250:110789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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O'Brien KM, Rix AS, Grove TJ, Sarrimanolis J, Brooking A, Roberts M, Crockett EL. Characterization of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 pathway in hearts of Antarctic notothenioid fishes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 250:110505. [PMID: 32966875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Antarctic notothenioid fishes to mount a robust molecular response to hypoxia is largely unknown. The transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a heterodimer of HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunits, is the master regulator of oxygen homeostasis in most metazoans. We sought to determine if, in the hearts of Antarctic notothenioids, HIF-1 is activated and functional in response to either an acute heat stress or hypoxia. The red-blooded Notothenia coriiceps and the hemoglobinless icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus, were exposed to their critical thermal maximum (CTMAX) or hypoxia (5.0 ± 0.3 mg of O2 L-1) for 2 h. Additionally, N. coriiceps was exposed to 2.3 ± 0.3 mg of O2 L-1 for 12 h, and red-blooded Gobionotothen gibberifrons was exposed to both levels of hypoxia. Levels of HIF-1α were quantified in nuclei isolated from heart ventricles using western blotting. Transcript levels of genes involved in anaerobic metabolism, and known to be regulated by HIF-1, were quantified by real-time PCR, and lactate levels were measured in heart ventricles. Protein levels of HIF-1α increase in nuclei of hearts of N. coriiceps and C. aceratus in response to exposure to CTMAX and in hearts of N. coriiceps exposed to severe hypoxia, yet mRNA levels of anaerobic metabolic genes do not increase in any species, nor do lactate levels increase, suggesting that HIF-1 does not stimulate metabolic remodeling in hearts of notothenioids under these conditions. Together, these data suggest that Antarctic notothenioids may be vulnerable to hypoxic events, which are likely to increase with climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M O'Brien
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America.
| | - A S Rix
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - T J Grove
- Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, United States of America
| | - J Sarrimanolis
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - A Brooking
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - M Roberts
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - E L Crockett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States of America
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Laubenstein TD, Jarrold MD, Rummer JL, Munday PL. Beneficial effects of diel CO 2 cycles on reef fish metabolic performance are diminished under elevated temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139084. [PMID: 32480143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 levels have been shown to affect metabolic performance in some coral reef fishes. However, all studies to date have employed stable elevated CO2 levels, whereas reef habitats can experience substantial diel fluctuations in pCO2 ranging from ±50 to 600 μatm around the mean, fluctuations that are predicted to increase in magnitude by the end of the century. Additionally, past studies have often investigated the effect of elevated CO2 in isolation, despite the fact that ocean temperatures will increase in tandem with CO2 levels. Here, we tested the effects of stable (1000 μatm) versus diel-cycling (1000 ± 500 μatm) elevated CO2 conditions and elevated temperature (+2 °C) on metabolic traits of juvenile spiny damselfish, Acanthochromis polyacanthus. Resting oxygen uptake rates (ṀO2) were higher in fish exposed to stable elevated CO2 conditions when compared to fish from stable control conditions, but were restored to control levels under diel CO2 fluctuations. However, the benefits of diel CO2 fluctuations were diminished at elevated temperature. Factorial aerobic scope showed a similar pattern, but neither maximal ṀO2 nor absolute aerobic scope was affected by CO2 or temperature. Our results suggest that diel CO2 cycles can ameliorate the increased metabolic cost associated with elevated CO2, but elevated temperature diminishes the benefits of diel CO2 cycles. Thus, previous studies may have misestimated the effect of ocean acidification on the metabolic performance of reef fishes by not accounting for environmental CO2 fluctuations. Our findings provide novel insights into the interacting effects of diel CO2 fluctuations and temperature on the metabolic performance of reef fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn D Laubenstein
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Michael D Jarrold
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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Todgham AE, Mandic M. Understanding the Metabolic Capacity of Antarctic Fishes to Acclimate to Future Ocean Conditions. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:1425-1437. [PMID: 32814956 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctic fishes have evolved under stable, extreme cold temperatures for millions of years. Adapted to thrive in the cold environment, their specialized phenotypes will likely render them particularly susceptible to future ocean warming and acidification as a result of climate change. Moving from a period of stability to one of environmental change, species persistence will depend on maintaining energetic equilibrium, or sustaining the increased energy demand without compromising important biological functions such as growth and reproduction. Metabolic capacity to acclimate, marked by a return to metabolic equilibrium through physiological compensation of routine metabolic rate (RMR), will likely determine which species will be better poised to cope with shifts in environmental conditions. Focusing on the suborder Notothenioidei, a dominant group of Antarctic fishes, and in particular four well-studied species, Trematomus bernacchii, Pagothenia borchgrevinki, Notothenia rossii, and N. coriiceps, we discuss metabolic acclimation potential to warming and CO2-acidification using an integrative and comparative framework. There are species-specific differences in the physiological compensation of RMR during warming and the duration of acclimation time required to achieve compensation; for some species, RMR fully recovered within 3.5 weeks of exposure, such as P. borchgrevinki, while for other species, such as N. coriiceps, RMR remained significantly elevated past 9 weeks of exposure. In all instances, added exposure to increased PCO2, further compromised the ability of species to return RMR to pre-exposure levels. The period of metabolic imbalance, marked by elevated RMR, was underlined by energetic disturbance and elevated energetic costs, which shifted energy away from fitness-related functions, such as growth. In T. bernacchii and N. coriiceps, long duration of elevated RMR impacted condition factor and/or growth rate. Low growth rate can affect development and ultimately the timing of reproduction, severely compromising the species' survival potential and the biodiversity of the notothenioid lineage. Therefore, the ability to achieve full compensation of RMR, and in a short-time frame, in order to avoid long term consequences of metabolic imbalance, will likely be an important determinant in a species' capacity to persist in a changing environment. Much work is still required to develop our understanding of the bioenergetics of Antarctic fishes in the face of environmental change, and a targeted approach of nesting a mechanistic focus in an ecological and comparative framework will better aid our predictions on the effect of global climate change on species persistence in the polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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14
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Mazurais D, Servili A, Noel C, Cormier A, Collet S, Leseur R, Le Roy M, Vitré T, Madec L, Zambonino-Infante JL. Transgenerational regulation of cbln11 gene expression in the olfactory rosette of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to ocean acidification. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:105022. [PMID: 32662446 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevated amounts of atmospheric CO2 are causing ocean acidification (OA) that may affect marine organisms including fish species. While several studies carried out in fish revealed that OA induces short term dysfunction in sensory systems including regulation of neurons activity in olfactory epithelium, information on the effects of OA on other physiological processes and actors is scarcer. In the present study we focused our attention on a European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) sghC1q gene, a member of the C1q-domain-containing (C1qDC) protein family. In vertebrates, C1qDC family includes actors involved in different physiological processes including immune response and synaptic organization. Our microsynteny analysis revealed that this sghC1q gene is the orthologous gene in European sea bass to zebrafish (Danio rerio) cbln11 gene. We cloned the full length cbln11 mRNA and identified the different domains (the signal peptide, the coiled coil region and the globular C1q domain) of the deduced protein sequence. Investigation of mRNA expression by qPCR and in situ hybridization revealed that cbln11gene is especially expressed in the non-sensory epithelium of the olfactory rosette at larval and adult stages. The expression of cbln11 mRNA was analysed by qPCR in the first generation (F0) of European sea bass broodstock exposed since larval stages to water pH of 8.0 (control) or 7.6 (predicted for year 2100) and in their offspring (F1) maintained in the environmental conditions of their parents. Our results showed that cbln11 mRNA expression level was lower in larvae exposed to OA then up-regulated at adult stage in the olfactory rosette of F0 and that this up-regulation is maintained under OA at larval and juvenile stages in F1. Overall, this work provides evidence of a transgenerational inheritance of OA-induced up-regulation of cbln11 gene expression in European sea bass. Further studies will investigate the potential immune function of cbln11 gene and the consequences of these regulations, as well as the possible implications in terms of fitness and adaptation to OA in European sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mazurais
- IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Arianna Servili
- IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Cyril Noel
- IFREMER, SEBIMER, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Sophie Collet
- IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Romane Leseur
- IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Maelenn Le Roy
- IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Thomas Vitré
- IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Lauriane Madec
- IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
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15
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Hancock AM, King CK, Stark JS, McMinn A, Davidson AT. Effects of ocean acidification on Antarctic marine organisms: A meta-analysis. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4495-4514. [PMID: 32489613 PMCID: PMC7246202 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern Ocean waters are among the most vulnerable to ocean acidification. The projected increase in the CO2 level will cause changes in carbonate chemistry that are likely to be damaging to organisms inhabiting these waters. A meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the vulnerability of Antarctic marine biota occupying waters south of 60°S to ocean acidification. This meta-analysis showed that ocean acidification negatively affects autotrophic organisms, mainly phytoplankton, at CO2 levels above 1,000 μatm and invertebrates above 1,500 μatm, but positively affects bacterial abundance. The sensitivity of phytoplankton to ocean acidification was influenced by the experimental procedure used. Natural, mixed communities were more sensitive than single species in culture and showed a decline in chlorophyll a concentration, productivity, and photosynthetic health, as well as a shift in community composition at CO2 levels above 1,000 μatm. Invertebrates showed reduced fertilization rates and increased occurrence of larval abnormalities, as well as decreased calcification rates and increased shell dissolution with any increase in CO2 level above 1,500 μatm. Assessment of the vulnerability of fish and macroalgae to ocean acidification was limited by the number of studies available. Overall, this analysis indicates that many marine organisms in the Southern Ocean are likely to be susceptible to ocean acidification and thereby likely to change their contribution to ecosystem services in the future. Further studies are required to address the poor spatial coverage, lack of community or ecosystem-level studies, and the largely unknown potential for organisms to acclimate and/or adapt to the changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce M. Hancock
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaBattery PointTASAustralia
- Antarctic Gateway PartnershipBattery PointTASAustralia
- Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research CentreBattery PointTASAustralia
| | | | | | - Andrew McMinn
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaBattery PointTASAustralia
- Antarctic Gateway PartnershipBattery PointTASAustralia
- Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research CentreBattery PointTASAustralia
| | - Andrew T. Davidson
- Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research CentreBattery PointTASAustralia
- Australian Antarctic DivisionKingstonTASAustralia
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16
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Abstract
The vulnerability of early fish stages represents a critical bottleneck for fish recruitment; therefore, it is essential to understand how climate change affects their physiology for more sustainable management of fisheries. Here, we investigated the effects of warming (OW; +4 °C) and acidification (OA; ΔpH = 0.5) on the heart and oxygen consumption rates, metabolic enzymatic machinery—namely citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and ß-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), of seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae (fifteen days after hatch). Oxygen consumption and heart rates showed a significant increase with rising temperature, but decreased with pCO2. Results revealed a significant increase of LDH activity with OW and a significant decrease of the aerobic potential (CS and HOAD activity) of larvae with OA. In contrast, under OA, the activity levels of the enzyme LDH and the LDH:CS ratio indicated an enhancement of anaerobic pathways. Although such a short-term metabolic strategy may eventually sustain the basic costs of maintenance, it might not be adequate under the future chronic ocean conditions. Given that the potential for adaptation to new forthcoming conditions is yet experimentally unaccounted for this species, future research is essential to accurately predict the physiological performance of this commercially important species under future ocean conditions.
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17
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Havird JC, Shah AA, Chicco AJ. Powerhouses in the cold: mitochondrial function during thermal acclimation in montane mayflies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 375:20190181. [PMID: 31787050 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria provide the vast majority of cellular energy available to eukaryotes. Therefore, adjustments in mitochondrial function through genetic changes in mitochondrial or nuclear-encoded genes might underlie environmental adaptation. Environmentally induced plasticity in mitochondrial function is also common, especially in response to thermal acclimation in aquatic systems. Here, we examined mitochondrial function in mayfly larvae (Baetis and Drunella spp.) from high and low elevation mountain streams during thermal acclimation to ecologically relevant temperatures. A multi-substrate titration protocol was used to evaluate different respiratory states in isolated mitochondria, along with cytochrome oxidase and citrate synthase activities. In general, maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity and oxidative phosphorylation coupling efficiency decreased during acclimation to higher temperatures, suggesting montane insects may be especially vulnerable to rapid climate change. Consistent with predictions of the climate variability hypothesis, mitochondria from Baetis collected at a low elevation site with highly variable daily and seasonal temperatures exhibited greater thermal tolerance than Baetis from a high elevation site with comparatively stable temperatures. However, mitochondrial phenotypes were more resilient than whole-organism phenotypes in the face of thermal stress. These results highlight the complex relationships between mitochondrial and organismal genotypes, phenotypes and environmental adaptation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Havird
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alisha A Shah
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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18
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Leo E, Graeve M, Storch D, Pörtner HO, Mark FC. Impact of ocean acidification and warming on mitochondrial enzymes and membrane lipids in two Gadoid species. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Howald S, Cominassi L, LeBayon N, Claireaux G, Mark FC. Future ocean warming may prove beneficial for the northern population of European seabass, but ocean acidification will not. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.213017. [PMID: 31624098 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.213017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The world's oceans are acidifying and warming as a result of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The thermal tolerance of fish greatly depends on the cardiovascular ability to supply the tissues with oxygen. The highly oxygen-dependent heart mitochondria thus might play a key role in shaping an organism's tolerance to temperature. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of acute and chronic warming on the respiratory capacity of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) heart mitochondria. We hypothesized that acute warming would impair mitochondrial respiratory capacity, but be compensated for by life-time conditioning. Increasing P CO2 may additionally cause shifts in metabolic pathways by inhibiting several enzymes of the cellular energy metabolism. Among other shifts in metabolic pathways, acute warming of heart mitochondria of cold life-conditioned fish increased leak respiration rate, suggesting a lower aerobic capacity to synthesize ATP with acute warming. However, thermal conditioning increased mitochondrial functionality, e.g. higher respiratory control ratios in heart mitochondria of warm life-conditioned compared with cold life-conditioned fish. Exposure to high P CO2 synergistically amplified the effects of acute and long-term warming, but did not result in changes by itself. This high ability to maintain mitochondrial function under ocean acidification can be explained by the fact that seabass are generally able to acclimate to a variety of environmental conditions. Improved mitochondrial energy metabolism after warm conditioning could be due to the origin of this species in the warm waters of the Mediterranean. Our results also indicate that seabass are not yet fully adapted to the colder temperatures in their northern distribution range and might benefit from warmer temperatures in these latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Howald
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany .,Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Louise Cominassi
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas LeBayon
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Laboratory of Adaptation, and Nutrition of Fish, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Laboratory of Adaptation, and Nutrition of Fish, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France.,Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Felix C Mark
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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20
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Hunter-Manseau F, Desrosiers V, Le François NR, Dufresne F, Detrich HW, Nozais C, Blier PU. From Africa to Antarctica: Exploring the Metabolism of Fish Heart Mitochondria Across a Wide Thermal Range. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1220. [PMID: 31636568 PMCID: PMC6788138 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal sensitivity of ectotherms is largely dictated by the impact of temperature on cellular bioenergetics, particularly on mitochondrial functions. As the thermal sensitivity of bioenergetic pathways depends on the structural and kinetic properties of its component enzymes, optimization of their collective function to different thermal niches is expected to have occurred through selection. In the present study, we sought to characterize mitochondrial phenotypic adjustments to thermal niches in eight ray-finned fish species occupying a wide range of thermal habitats by comparing the activities of key mitochondrial enzymes in their hearts. We measured the activity of four enzymes that control substrate entrance into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle: pyruvate kinase (PK), pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD). We also assayed enzymes of the electron transport system (ETS): complexes I, II, I + III, and IV. Enzymes were assayed at five temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C). Our results showed that the activity of CPT, a gatekeeper of the fatty acid pathway, was higher in the cold-water fish than in the warmer-adapted fish relative to the ETS (complexes I and III) when measured close to the species optimal temperatures. The activity of HOAD showed a similar pattern relative to CI + III and thermal environment. By contrast, PDHc and PK did not show the similar patterns with respect to CI + III and temperature. Cold-adapted species had high CIV activities compared to those of upstream complexes (I, II, I + III) whereas the converse was true for warm-adapted species. Our findings reveal a significant variability of heart mitochondrial organization among species that can be linked to temperature adaptation. Cold-adapted fish do not appear to compensate for PDHc activity but likely adjust fatty acids oxidation through higher activities of CPT and HOAD relative to complexes I + III.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - France Dufresne
- Département de Biologie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - H. William Detrich
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, MA, United States
| | - Christian Nozais
- Département de Biologie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre U. Blier
- Département de Biologie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
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21
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Guillen AC, Borges ME, Herrerias T, Kandalski PK, de Arruda Marins E, Viana D, de Souza MRDP, Oliveira do Carmo Daloski L, Donatti L. Effect of gradual temperature increase on the carbohydrate energy metabolism responses of the Antarctic fish Notothenia rossii. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 150:104779. [PMID: 31450038 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The warming of the Southern Ocean waters may affect the biological processes and the performance of the fish inhabiting it. The notothenioid group is metabolically specialized to low-temperature environments and may be vulnerable to the climatic changes imposed on the Antarctic continent. However, gradual temperature changes potentially allow an opportunity for plasticity adjustments. The present study evaluated the effect of gradual increase of temperature on the enzymatic and nonenzymatic parameters of energy metabolism in renal, branchial, hepatic, and encephalic tissue of Notothenia rossii subjected to a gradual temperature change of 0.5 °C/day until reaching 2 °C, 4 °C, 6 °C, and 8 °C. Under the effect of an acclimation rate of 0.5 °C/day, the gill tissue showed increased phosphofructokinase (PFK) enzyme activity. In the kidney, there was increased activity of the malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PDH), and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) enzymes. There was an increase in lactate concentration in the liver and an increase in GP enzyme activity in the brain. The specific tissue responses indicate the presence of thermal plasticity and an attempt to regulate energy metabolism to mitigate thermal stress in this species under these experimental conditions, possibly through the activation of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Eduardo Borges
- Graduate program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Douglas Viana
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Lucélia Donatti
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
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22
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Teulier L, Thoral E, Queiros Q, McKenzie DJ, Roussel D, Dutto G, Gasset E, Bourjea J, Saraux C. Muscle bioenergetics of two emblematic Mediterranean fish species: Sardina pilchardus and Sparus aurata. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 235:174-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Kandalski PK, Zaleski T, Forgati M, Baduy F, Eugênio DS, Machado C, de Souza MRDP, Piechnik CA, Fávaro LF, Donatti L. Effect of long-term thermal challenge on the Antarctic notothenioid Notothenia rossii. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1445-1461. [PMID: 31172345 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The thermal stability of the Antarctic Ocean raises questions concerning the metabolic plasticity of Antarctic notothenioids to changes in the environmental temperature. In this study, Notothenia rossii survived 90 days at 8 °C, and their condition factor level was maintained. However, their hepatosomatic (0.29×) index decreased, indicating a decrease in nutrient storage as a result of changes in the energy demands to support survival. At 8 °C, the plasma calcium, magnesium, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations decreased, whereas the glucose (1.91×) and albumin (1.26×) concentrations increased. The main energy substrate of the fish changed from lipids to glucose due to a marked increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, as demonstrated by an increase in anaerobic metabolism. Moreover, malate dehydrogenase activity increased in all tissues, suggesting that fish acclimated at 8 °C exhibit enhanced gluconeogenesis. The aerobic demand increased only in the liver due to an increase (2.23×) in citrate synthase activity. Decreases in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase to levels that are most likely sufficient at 8 °C were observed, establishing a new physiological activity range for antioxidant defense. Our findings indicate that N. rossii has some compensatory mechanisms that enabled its long-term survival at 8 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Zaleski
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Forgati
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flávia Baduy
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, CCMar, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Danilo Santos Eugênio
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cintia Machado
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Adriano Piechnik
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Fávaro
- Fish Reproduction and Community Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Donatti
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Garofalo F, Santovito G, Amelio D. Morpho-functional effects of heat stress on the gills of Antarctic T. bernacchii and C. hamatus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 141:194-204. [PMID: 30955726 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of increasing ocean water temperature on morpho-functional traits of Antarctic marine species is under intense attention. In this work, we evaluated the effects of acute heat stress on the gills of the Antarctic haemoglobinless Chionodraco hamatus and the red blooded Trematomus bernacchii in terms of morphology, heat shock response, antioxidant defense and NOS/NO system. We showed in both species that the exposure to high temperature (4 °C) induced structural alterations, such as epithelial lifting and oedema of secondary lamellae. By immunolocalization we also observed that HSP-90, HSP-70, Xantine Oxidase, Heme Oxigenase and NOS are expressed in both species under control conditions. After heat stress the signals increase in C. hamatus being absent/or reduced in T. bernacchii. Our preliminary results suggest a specie-specific morpho-functional response of the gills of the two Antarctic teleosts to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Garofalo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Amelio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
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25
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Metabolic responses in Antarctic Nototheniidae brains subjected to thermal stress. Brain Res 2019; 1708:126-137. [PMID: 30527682 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antarctic Nototheniidae is an attractive group for studying metabolic and physiological responses at high temperatures. The present work investigated the metabolic responses of the carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant system to thermal stress at 8 °C (for 2-144 h) in the brains of Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps. In N. coriiceps, glycogenolysis was essential in the first hours of exposure (2 h) at 8 °C and, in addition to inhibiting glucose-6-phosphatase activity, was important for activating the pentose phosphate pathway. In N. rossii, anaerobic metabolism was reduced in the first hours of exposure (2 and 6 h) at 8 °C, followed by reduced hexokinase activity, suggesting energy regulation between neurons and astrocytes. The antioxidant system results indicated the importance of the actions of the glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase as well as those of catalase in N. coriiceps and the action of glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in N. rossii, especially during the first 12 h of thermal stress exposure. These results indicate tissue-specific patterns and species-specific responses to this stress.
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Kim BM, Ahn DH, Kang S, Jeong J, Jo E, Kim BK, Kim JH, Park H. Skin transcriptome profiling reveals the distinctive molecular effects of temperature changes on Antarctic bullhead notothen. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kunz KL, Claireaux G, Pörtner HO, Knust R, Mark FC. Aerobic capacities and swimming performance of polar cod ( Boreogadus saida) under ocean acidification and warming conditions. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb184473. [PMID: 30190318 PMCID: PMC6240293 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.184473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) is an important prey species in the Arctic ecosystem, yet its habitat is changing rapidly: climate change, through rising seawater temperatures and CO2 concentrations, is projected to be most pronounced in Arctic waters. This study aimed to investigate the influence of ocean acidification and warming on maximum performance parameters of B. saida as indicators for the species' acclimation capacities under environmental conditions projected for the end of this century. After 4 months at four acclimation temperatures (0, 3, 6, 8°C) each combined with two PCO2 levels (390 and 1170 µatm), aerobic capacities and swimming performance of B. saida were recorded following a Ucrit protocol. At both CO2 levels, standard metabolic rate (SMR) was elevated at the highest acclimation temperature indicating thermal limitations. Maximum metabolic rate (MMR) increased continuously with temperature, suggesting an optimum temperature for aerobic scope for exercise (ASex) at 6°C. Aerobic swimming performance (Ugait) increased with acclimation temperature irrespective of CO2 levels, while critical swimming speed (Ucrit) did not reveal any clear trend with temperature. Hypercapnia evoked an increase in MMR (and thereby ASex). However, swimming performance (both Ugait and Ucrit) was impaired under elevated near-future PCO2 conditions, indicating reduced efficiencies of oxygen turnover. The contribution of anaerobic metabolism to swimming performance was very low overall, and further reduced under hypercapnia. Our results revealed high sensitivities of maximum performance parameters (MMR, Ugait, Ucrit) of B. saida to ocean acidification. Impaired swimming capacity under ocean acidification may reflect reduced future competitive strength of B. saida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lore Kunz
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bentho-Pelagic Processes, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Bremen, Fachbereich 2, NW 2/Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM, Laboratoire ARN, Centre Ifremer de Brest, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Bremen, Fachbereich 2, NW 2/Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Rainer Knust
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bentho-Pelagic Processes, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Felix Christopher Mark
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Watson SA, Allan BJM, McQueen DE, Nicol S, Parsons DM, Pether SMJ, Pope S, Setiawan AN, Smith N, Wilson C, Munday PL. Ocean warming has a greater effect than acidification on the early life history development and swimming performance of a large circumglobal pelagic fish. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4368-4385. [PMID: 29790239 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming and acidification are serious threats to marine life; however, their individual and combined effects on large pelagic and predatory fishes are poorly understood. We determined the effects of projected future temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels on survival, growth, morphological development and swimming performance on the early life stages of a large circumglobal pelagic fish, the yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi. Eggs, larvae and juveniles were reared in cross-factored treatments of temperature (21 and 25°C) and pCO2 (500 and 985 μatm) from fertilisation to 25 days post hatching (dph). Temperature had the greatest effect on survival, growth and development. Survivorship was lower, but growth and morphological development were faster at 25°C, with surviving fish larger and more developed at 1, 11 and 21 dph. Elevated pCO2 affected size at 1 dph, but not at 11 or 21 dph, and did not affect survival or morphological development. Elevated temperature and pCO2 had opposing effects on swimming performance at 21 dph. Critical swimming speed (Ucrit ) was increased by elevated temperature but reduced by elevated pCO2 . Additionally, elevated temperature increased the proportion of individuals that responded to a startle stimulus, reduced latency to respond and increased maximum escape speed, potentially due to the more advanced developmental stage of juveniles at 25°C. By contrast, elevated pCO2 reduced the distance moved and average speed in response to a startle stimulus. Our results show that higher temperature is likely to be the primary driver of global change impacts on kingfish early life history; however, elevated pCO2 could affect critical aspects of swimming performance in this pelagic species. Our findings will help parameterise and structure fisheries population dynamics models and improve projections of impacts to large pelagic fishes under climate change scenarios to better inform adaptation and mitigation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Ann Watson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - David E McQueen
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Northland Marine Research Centre, Ruakaka, New Zealand
| | - Simon Nicol
- Insitute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Darren M Parsons
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M J Pether
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Northland Marine Research Centre, Ruakaka, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Pope
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Northland Marine Research Centre, Ruakaka, New Zealand
| | - Alvin N Setiawan
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Northland Marine Research Centre, Ruakaka, New Zealand
| | - Neville Smith
- Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Carly Wilson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Northland Marine Research Centre, Ruakaka, New Zealand
| | - Philip L Munday
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Souza MRDPD, Herrerias T, Zaleski T, Forgati M, Kandalski PK, Machado C, Silva DT, Piechnik CA, Moura MO, Donatti L. Heat stress in the heart and muscle of the Antarctic fishes Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps: Carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant defence. Biochimie 2018; 146:43-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Davis BE, Flynn EE, Miller NA, Nelson FA, Fangue NA, Todgham AE. Antarctic emerald rockcod have the capacity to compensate for warming when uncoupled from CO 2 -acidification. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e655-e670. [PMID: 29155460 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increases in atmospheric CO2 levels and associated ocean changes are expected to have dramatic impacts on marine ecosystems. Although the Southern Ocean is experiencing some of the fastest rates of change, few studies have explored how Antarctic fishes may be affected by co-occurring ocean changes, and even fewer have examined early life stages. To date, no studies have characterized potential trade-offs in physiology and behavior in response to projected multiple climate change stressors (ocean acidification and warming) on Antarctic fishes. We exposed juvenile emerald rockcod Trematomus bernacchii to three PCO2 treatments (~450, ~850, and ~1,200 μatm PCO2 ) at two temperatures (-1 or 2°C). After 2, 7, 14, and 28 days, metrics of physiological performance including cardiorespiratory function (heart rate [fH ] and ventilation rate [fV ]), metabolic rate (M˙O2), and cellular enzyme activity were measured. Behavioral responses, including scototaxis, activity, exploration, and escape response were assessed after 7 and 14 days. Elevated PCO2 independently had little impact on either physiology or behavior in juvenile rockcod, whereas warming resulted in significant changes across acclimation time. After 14 days, fH , fV and M˙O2 significantly increased with warming, but not with elevated PCO2 . Increased physiological costs were accompanied by behavioral alterations including increased dark zone preference up to 14%, reduced activity by 12%, as well as reduced escape time suggesting potential trade-offs in energetics. After 28 days, juvenile rockcod demonstrated a degree of temperature compensation as fV , M˙O2, and cellular metabolism significantly decreased following the peak at 14 days; however, temperature compensation was only evident in the absence of elevated PCO2 . Sustained increases in fV and M˙O2 after 28 days exposure to elevated PCO2 indicate additive (fV ) and synergistic (M˙O2) interactions occurred in combination with warming. Stressor-induced energetic trade-offs in physiology and behavior may be an important mechanism leading to vulnerability of Antarctic fishes to future ocean change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E Davis
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Erin E Flynn
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Miller
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Romberg Tiburon Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, USA
| | - Frederick A Nelson
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nann A Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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31
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Davis BE, Komoroske LM, Hansen MJ, Poletto JB, Perry EN, Miller NA, Ehlman SM, Wheeler SG, Sih A, Todgham AE, Fangue NA. Juvenile rockfish show resilience to CO 2-acidification and hypoxia across multiple biological scales. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:coy038. [PMID: 30018763 PMCID: PMC6041801 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coy038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
California's coastal ecosystems are forecasted to undergo shifting ocean conditions due to climate change, some of which may negatively impact recreational and commercial fish populations. To understand if fish populations have the capacity to respond to multiple stressors, it is critical to examine interactive effects across multiple biological scales, from cellular metabolism to species interactions. This study examined the effects of CO2-acidification and hypoxia on two naturally co-occurring species, juvenile rockfish (genus Sebastes) and a known predator, cabezon (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus). Fishes were exposed to two PCO2 levels at two dissolved oxygen (DO) levels: ~600 (ambient) and ~1600 (high) μatm PCO2 and 8.0 (normoxic) and 4.5 mg l-1 DO (hypoxic) and assessments of cellular metabolism, prey behavior and predation mortality rates were quantified after 1 and 3 weeks. Physiologically, rockfish showed acute alterations in cellular metabolic enzyme activity after 1 week of acclimation to elevated PCO2 and hypoxia that were not evident in cabezon. Alterations in rockfish energy metabolism were driven by increases in anaerobic LDH activity, and adjustments in enzyme activity ratios of cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase and LDH:CS. Correlated changes in rockfish behavior were also apparent after 1 week of acclimation to elevated PCO2 and hypoxia. Exploration behavior increased in rockfish exposed to elevated PCO2 and spatial analysis of activity indicated short-term interference with anti-predator responses. Predation rate after 1 week increased with elevated PCO2; however, no mortality was observed under the multiple-stressor treatment suggesting negative effects on cabezon predators. Most noteworthy, metabolic and behavioral changes were moderately compensated after 3 weeks of acclimation, and predation mortality rates also decreased suggesting that these rockfish may be resilient to changes in environmental stressors predicted by climate models. Linking physiological and behavioral responses to multiple stressors is vital to understand impacts on populations and community dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E Davis
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M Komoroske
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Hansen
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jamilynn B Poletto
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Emily N Perry
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Miller
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean M Ehlman
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sarah G Wheeler
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nann A Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Tel: +(530) 752-4997;
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Rebelein A, Pörtner HO, Bock C. Untargeted metabolic profiling reveals distinct patterns of thermal sensitivity in two related notothenioids. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 217:43-54. [PMID: 29288768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic marine ectothermal animals may be affected more than temperate species by rising temperatures due to ongoing climate change. Their specialisation on stable cold temperatures makes them vulnerable to even small degrees of warming. Thus, addressing the impacts of warming on Antarctic organisms and identifying their potentially limited capacities to respond is of interest. The objective of the study was to determine changes in metabolite profiles related to temperature acclimation. In a long-term experiment adult fish of two Antarctic sister species Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps were acclimated to 0°C and 5°C for three months. Impacts and indicators of acclimation at the cellular level were determined from metabolite profiles quantified in gill tissue extracts using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the metabolite profiles of the two con-generic species were compared. NMR spectroscopy identified 37 metabolites that were present in each sample, but varied in their absolute concentration between species and between treatments. A decrease in amino acid levels indicated an increased amino acid catabolism after incubation to 5°C. In addition, long term warming initiated shifts in organic osmolyte concentrations and modified membrane structure observed by altered levels of phospholipid compounds. Differences in the metabolite profile between the two notothenioid species can be related to their divergent lifestyles, especially their different rates of motor activity. Increased levels of the Krebs cycle intermediate succinate and a higher reduction of amino acid concentrations in warm-acclimated N. rossii showed that N. rossii is more affected by warming than N. coriiceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Rebelein
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Bock
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
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33
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Klein RD, Borges VD, Rosa CE, Colares EP, Robaldo RB, Martinez PE, Bianchini A. Effects of increasing temperature on antioxidant defense system and oxidative stress parameters in the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps and Notothenia rossii. J Therm Biol 2017; 68:110-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Zak MA, Regish AM, McCormick SD, Manzon RG. Exogenous thyroid hormones regulate the activity of citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase in warm- but not cold-acclimated lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 247:215-222. [PMID: 28212894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thermal acclimation is known to elicit metabolic adjustments in ectotherms, but the cellular mechanisms and endocrine control of these shifts have not been fully elucidated. Here we examined the relationship between thermal acclimation, thyroid hormones and oxidative metabolism in juvenile lake whitefish. Impacts of thermal acclimation above (19°C) or below (8°C) the thermal optimum (13°C) and exposure to exogenous thyroid hormone (60µg T4/g body weight) were assessed by quantifying citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase activities in liver, red muscle, white muscle and heart. Warm acclimation decreased citrate synthase activity in liver and elevated both citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase activities in red muscle. In contrast, induction of hyperthyroidism in warm-acclimated fish stimulated a significant increase in liver citrate synthase and heart cytochrome c oxidase activities, and a decrease in the activity of both enzymes in red muscle. No change in citrate synthase or cytochrome c oxidase activities was observed following cold acclimation in either the presence or absence of exogenous thyroid hormones. Collectively, our results indicate that thyroid hormones influence the activity of oxidative enzymes more strongly in warm-acclimated than in cold-acclimated lake whitefish, and they may play a role in mediating metabolic adjustments observed during thermal acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Zak
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Amy M Regish
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turner Falls, MA 01376, USA
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turner Falls, MA 01376, USA
| | - Richard G Manzon
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada.
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35
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Forgati M, Kandalski PK, Herrerias T, Zaleski T, Machado C, Souza MRDP, Donatti L. Effects of heat stress on the renal and branchial carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant system of Antarctic fish. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 187:1137-1154. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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Enzor LA, Hunter EM, Place SP. The effects of elevated temperature and ocean acidification on the metabolic pathways of notothenioid fish. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 5:cox019. [PMID: 28852515 PMCID: PMC5570038 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The adaptations used by notothenioid fish to combat extreme cold may have left these fish poorly poised to deal with a changing environment. As such, the expected environmental perturbations brought on by global climate change have the potential to significantly affect the energetic demands and subsequent cellular processes necessary for survival. Despite recent lines of evidence demonstrating that notothenioid fish retain the ability to acclimate to elevated temperatures, the underlying mechanisms responsible for temperature acclimation in these fish remain largely unknown. Furthermore, little information exists on the capacity of Antarctic fish to respond to changes in multiple environmental variables. We have examined the effects of increased temperature and pCO2 on the rate of oxygen consumption in three notothenioid species, Trematomus bernacchii, Pagothenia borchgrevinki, and Trematomus newnesi. We combined these measurements with analysis of changes in aerobic and anaerobic capacity, lipid reserves, fish condition, and growth rates to gain insight into the metabolic cost associated with acclimation to this dual stress. Our findings indicated that temperature is the major driver of the metabolic responses observed in these fish and that increased pCO2 plays a small, contributing role to the energetic costs of the acclimation response. All three species displayed varying levels of energetic compensation in response to the combination of elevated temperature and pCO2. While P. borchgrevinki showed nearly complete compensation of whole animal oxygen consumption rates and aerobic capacity, T. newnesi and T. bernacchii displayed only partial compensation in these metrics, suggesting that at least some notothenioids may require physiological trade-offs to fully offset the energetic costs of long-term acclimation to climate change related stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Enzor
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA
| | - Evan M. Hunter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208, USA
| | - Sean P. Place
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA94928, USA
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Gandar A, Laffaille P, Marty-Gasset N, Viala D, Molette C, Jean S. Proteome response of fish under multiple stress exposure: Effects of pesticide mixtures and temperature increase. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 184:61-77. [PMID: 28109940 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic systems can be subjected to multiple stressors, including pollutant cocktails and elevated temperature. Evaluating the combined effects of these stressors on organisms is a great challenge in environmental sciences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the molecular stress response of an aquatic fish species subjected to individual and combined pesticide mixtures and increased temperatures. For that, goldfish (Carassius auratus) were acclimated to two different temperatures (22 and 32°C) for 15 days. They were then exposed for 96h to a cocktail of herbicides and fungicides (S-metolachlor, isoproturon, linuron, atrazine-desethyl, aclonifen, pendimethalin and tebuconazole) at two environmentally relevant concentrations (total concentrations of 8.4μgL-1 and 42μgL-1) at these two temperatures (22 and 32°C). The molecular response in liver was assessed by 2D-proteomics. Identified proteins were integrated using pathway enrichment analysis software to determine the biological functions involved in the individual or combined stress responses and to predict the potential deleterious outcomes. The pesticide mixtures elicited pathways involved in cellular stress response, carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolisms, methionine cycle, cellular functions, cell structure and death control, with concentration- and temperature-dependent profiles of response. We found that combined temperature increase and pesticide exposure affected the cellular stress response: the effects of oxidative stress were more marked and there was a deregulation of the cell cycle via apoptosis inhibition. Moreover a decrease in the formation of glucose by liver and in ketogenic activity was observed in this multi-stress condition. The decrease in both pathways could reflect a shift from a metabolic compensation strategy to a conservation state. Taken together, our results showed (1) that environmental cocktails of herbicides and fungicides induced important changes in pathways involved in metabolism, cell structure and cell cycle, with possible deleterious outcomes at higher biological scales and (2) that increasing temperature could affect the response of fish to pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Gandar
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Laffaille
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Didier Viala
- Plate-Forme 'Exploration du Métabolisme', Centre de Clermont-Ferrand, Theix, 63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France; UMR 1213 Herbivores, INRA, VetAgro Sup, NRA Theix, 63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Caroline Molette
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Séverine Jean
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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38
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Klein RD, Rosa CE, Colares EP, Robaldo RB, Martinez PE, Bianchini A. Antioxidant defense system and oxidative status in Antarctic fishes: The sluggish rockcod Notothenia coriiceps versus the active marbled notothen Notothenia rossii. J Therm Biol 2017; 68:119-127. [PMID: 28689713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive responses of antioxidant defense systems (ADS) to changes in increased levels of activity are critical, especially in Antarctic fishes. The benthopelagic marbled notothen (Notothenia rossii) shows higher spontaneous activity than the benthonic and sluggish rockcod (N. coriiceps). Therefore, we hypothesize that species-related responses of ADS would occur to counteract different rates of reactive oxygen species formation in these two Antarctic fish. Here we evaluated ADS and oxidative damage in tissues (brain, gills, liver and white muscle) of the two Antarctic fish. Despite no significant differences in lipid and protein oxidative damage were observed, we actually found species- and tissue-specific differences in ADS. Gill metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP) and liver reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were higher in N. coriiceps than in N. rossii. Brain and gill antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP); gill enzyme [glutamate-cysteine ligase (GSL), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] activity; liver GCL and SOD activity; and white muscle CAT activity were higher in N. rossii than in N. coriiceps. Therefore, the more active fish (N. rossii) maintains higher activities of enzymes involved in superoxide ions (O2.-) detoxification and GSH production in peripheral tissues (gills, liver and white muscle). This allows the more active fish (N. rossii) to keep levels of lipid and protein oxidative damage similar to those observed in the sluggish fish (N. coriiceps). It is worth noting that the more active fish also shows a higher brain antioxidant capacity, which could involve other non-enzymatic antioxidants like vitamins C and E. In contrast, N. coriiceps shows lower consumption of non-enzymatic antioxidants in peripheral tissues than N. coriiceps. As hypothesized, our results indicate that differences in ADS profiles between fish species are likely related to their habits and metabolic rates. This would imply in different fish abilities to deal with oxidative stress associated with increasing seawater temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Daniele Klein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Elton Pinto Colares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Berteaux Robaldo
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Elias Martinez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Heuer RM, Grosell M. Elevated CO 2 increases energetic cost and ion movement in the marine fish intestine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34480. [PMID: 27682149 PMCID: PMC5041088 DOI: 10.1038/srep34480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetic costs associated with ion and acid-base regulation in response to ocean acidification have been predicted to decrease the energy available to fish for basic life processes. However, the low cost of ion regulation (6-15% of standard metabolic rate) and inherent variation associated with whole-animal metabolic rate measurements have made it difficult to consistently demonstrate such a cost. Here we aimed to gain resolution in assessing the energetic demand associated with acid-base regulation by examining ion movement and O2 consumption rates of isolated intestinal tissue from Gulf toadfish acclimated to control or 1900 μatm CO2 (projected for year 2300). The active marine fish intestine absorbs ions from ingested seawater in exchange for HCO3- to maintain water balance. We demonstrate that CO2 exposure causes a 13% increase of intestinal HCO3- secretion that the animal does not appear to regulate. Isolated tissue from CO2-exposed toadfish also exhibited an 8% higher O2 consumption rate than tissue from controls. These findings show that compensation for CO2 leads to a seemingly maladaptive persistent base (HCO3-) loss that incurs an energetic expense at the tissue level. Sustained increases to baseline metabolic rate could lead to energetic reallocations away from other life processes at the whole-animal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Heuer
- University of Miami- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- University of Miami- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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Rodrigues E, Feijó-Oliveira M, Suda CNK, Vani GS, Donatti L, Rodrigues E, Lavrado HP. Metabolic responses of the Antarctic fishes Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps to sewage pollution. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1205-20. [PMID: 26031510 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the sewage effects of the Brazilian Antarctic Station Comandante Ferraz, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, on the hepatic metabolism (energetic, antioxidant, and arginase levels) and levels of plasma constituents of two Antarctic fish species Notothenia rossii and N. coriiceps. The bioassays were conducted under controlled temperature (0 °C) and salinity (35 psu), exposing the fish for 96 h, to sewage effluent diluted in seawater to 0.5 % (v/v). Liver homogenates were tested for the specific activities of the enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), glycogen phosphorylase (GPase), hexokinase, citrate synthase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and arginase. Plasma levels of glucose, triacylglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, chloride, magnesium, calcium, and inorganic phosphate were also determined. In N. rossii, the decrease in citrate synthase and the increase in G6Pase and GPase suggested that the sewage effluent activated glycogenolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis, whereas is N. coriiceps, only G6Pase levels were increased. In N. rossii, sewage effluent induced hypertriglyceridemia without modulating glucose plasma levels, in contrast to N. coriiceps, which developed hypoglycemia without elevating plasma triglyceride levels. The decrease in glutathione reductase levels in N. coriiceps and in superoxide dismutase and catalase in N. rossii suggest that these two species are susceptible to oxidative stress stemming from the production of reactive oxygen species. An increase in magnesium in N. rossii and a decrease in N. coriiceps showed that sewage effluent compromised the control of plasma levels of this cation. Although phylogenetically close, both species of Antarctic fish exhibited different metabolic responses to the sewage effluent, with N. coriiceps showing greater susceptibility to the toxic effects of the pollutants. The present study suggests that the biochemical responses of these two species are potential indicators of metabolic changes caused by sewage effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Rodrigues
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Feijó-Oliveira
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil
| | - Cecília Nohome Kawagoe Suda
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil
| | - Gannabathula Sree Vani
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Donatti
- Departamento of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico s/No, Curitiba, 81.530-130, PR, Brazil
| | - Edson Rodrigues
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil.
| | - Helena Passeri Lavrado
- Departamento of Marine Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 373 - CCS - Bloco A - sala 89, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
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Flynn EE, Bjelde BE, Miller NA, Todgham AE. Ocean acidification exerts negative effects during warming conditions in a developing Antarctic fish. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 3:cov033. [PMID: 27293718 PMCID: PMC4778439 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic CO2 is rapidly causing oceans to become warmer and more acidic, challenging marine ectotherms to respond to simultaneous changes in their environment. While recent work has highlighted that marine fishes, particularly during early development, can be vulnerable to ocean acidification, we lack an understanding of how life-history strategies, ecosystems and concurrent ocean warming interplay with interspecific susceptibility. To address the effects of multiple ocean changes on cold-adapted, slowly developing fishes, we investigated the interactive effects of elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and temperature on the embryonic physiology of an Antarctic dragonfish (Gymnodraco acuticeps), with protracted embryogenesis (∼10 months). Using an integrative, experimental approach, our research examined the impacts of near-future warming [-1 (ambient) and 2°C (+3°C)] and ocean acidification [420 (ambient), 650 (moderate) and 1000 μatm pCO2 (high)] on survival, development and metabolic processes over the course of 3 weeks in early development. In the presence of increased pCO2 alone, embryonic mortality did not increase, with greatest overall survival at the highest pCO2. Furthermore, embryos were significantly more likely to be at a later developmental stage at high pCO2 by 3 weeks relative to ambient pCO2. However, in combined warming and ocean acidification scenarios, dragonfish embryos experienced a dose-dependent, synergistic decrease in survival and developed more slowly. We also found significant interactions between temperature, pCO2 and time in aerobic enzyme activity (citrate synthase). Increased temperature alone increased whole-organism metabolic rate (O2 consumption) and developmental rate and slightly decreased osmolality at the cost of increased mortality. Our findings suggest that developing dragonfish are more sensitive to ocean warming and may experience negative physiological effects of ocean acidification only in the presence of an increased temperature. In addition to reduced hatching success, alterations in development and metabolism due to ocean warming and acidification could have negative ecological consequences owing to changes in phenology (i.e. early hatching) in the highly seasonal Antarctic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Flynn
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brittany E Bjelde
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nathan A Miller
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Strobel A, Burkhardt-Holm P, Schmid P, Segner H. Benzo(a)pyrene Metabolism and EROD and GST Biotransformation Activity in the Liver of Red- and White-Blooded Antarctic Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:8022-8032. [PMID: 25965896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and anthropogenic pollution are of increasing concern in remote areas such as Antarctica. The evolutionary adaptation of Antarctic notothenioid fish to the cold and stable Southern Ocean led to a low plasticity of their physiological functions, what may limit their capacity to deal with altered temperature regimes and pollution in the Antarctic environment. Using a biochemical approach, we aimed to assess the hepatic biotransformation capacities of Antarctic fish species by determining (i) the activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and (ii) the metabolic clearance of benzo(a)pyrene by hepatic S9 supernatants. In addition, we determined the thermal sensitivity of the xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes. We investigated the xenobiotic metabolism of the red-blooded Gobionotothen gibberifrons and Notothenia rossii, the hemoglobin-less Chaenocephalus aceratus and Champsocephalus gunnari, and the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss as a reference. Our results revealed similar metabolic enzyme activities and metabolic clearance rates between red- and white-blooded Antarctic fish, but significantly lower rates in comparison to rainbow trout. Therefore, bioaccumulation factors for metabolizable lipophilic contaminants may be higher in Antarctic than in temperate fish. Likewise, the thermal adaptive capacities and flexibilities of the EROD and GST activities in Antarctic fish were significantly lower than in rainbow trout. As a consequence, increasing water temperatures in the Southern Ocean will additionally compromise the already low detoxification capacities of Antarctic fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Strobel
- †University of Basel, Departement of Environmental Sciences, Programme Man-Society-Environment MGU, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
- §University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstrasse 12, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Burkhardt-Holm
- †University of Basel, Departement of Environmental Sciences, Programme Man-Society-Environment MGU, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
- ∥Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Peter Schmid
- ‡Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Segner
- §University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstrasse 12, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Synergistic effects of acute warming and low pH on cellular stress responses of the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 185:185-205. [PMID: 25395253 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study assesses the resilience of the Mediterranean gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to acute warming and water acidification, using cellular indicators of systemic to molecular responses to various temperatures and CO2 concentrations. Tissue metabolic capacity derived from enzyme measurements, citrate synthase, 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), as well as lactate dehydrogenase. Cellular stress and signaling responses were identified from expression patterns of Hsp70 and Hsp90, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNKs and ERKs, from protein ubiquitylation and finally from the levels of transcription factor Hif-1α as an indicator of systemic hypoxemia. Exposure to elevated CO2 levels at temperatures higher than 24 °C generally caused an increase in fish mortality above the rate caused by warming alone, indicating effects of the two factors and a failure of acclimation and thus the limits of phenotypic plasticity to be reached. As a potential reason, tissue-dependent induction and stabilization of Hif-1α indicate hypoxemic conditions. Their exacerbation by enhanced CO2 levels is linked to the persistent expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90, oxidative stress and activation of MAPK and ubiquitin pathways. Antioxidant defence is enhanced by expression of catalase and glutathione reductase, however, leaving superoxide dismutase suppressed by elevated CO2 levels. On longer timescales in specimens surviving warming and CO2 exposures, various metabolic adjustments initiate a preference to oxidize lipid via HOAD for energy supply. These processes indicate significant acclimation up to a limit and a time-limited capacity to survive extreme conditions passively by exploiting mechanisms of cellular resilience.
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Heuer RM, Grosell M. Physiological impacts of elevated carbon dioxide and ocean acidification on fish. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1061-84. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00064.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Most fish studied to date efficiently compensate for a hypercapnic acid-base disturbance; however, many recent studies examining the effects of ocean acidification on fish have documented impacts at CO2 levels predicted to occur before the end of this century. Notable impacts on neurosensory and behavioral endpoints, otolith growth, mitochondrial function, and metabolic rate demonstrate an unexpected sensitivity to current-day and near-future CO2 levels. Most explanations for these effects seem to center on increases in Pco2 and HCO3− that occur in the body during pH compensation for acid-base balance; however, few studies have measured these parameters at environmentally relevant CO2 levels or directly related them to reported negative endpoints. This compensatory response is well documented, but noted variation in dynamic regulation of acid-base transport pathways across species, exposure levels, and exposure duration suggests that multiple strategies may be utilized to cope with hypercapnia. Understanding this regulation and changes in ion gradients in extracellular and intracellular compartments during CO2 exposure could provide a basis for predicting sensitivity and explaining interspecies variation. Based on analysis of the existing literature, the present review presents a clear message that ocean acidification may cause significant effects on fish across multiple physiological systems, suggesting that pH compensation does not necessarily confer tolerance as downstream consequences and tradeoffs occur. It remains difficult to assess if acclimation responses during abrupt CO2 exposures will translate to fitness impacts over longer timescales. Nonetheless, identifying mechanisms and processes that may be subject to selective pressure could be one of many important components of assessing adaptive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M. Heuer
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Marine Biology and Fisheries, Miami, Florida
| | - Martin Grosell
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Marine Biology and Fisheries, Miami, Florida
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Dorts J, Kestemont P, Thézenas ML, Raes M, Silvestre F. Effects of cadmium exposure on the gill proteome of Cottus gobio: modulatory effects of prior thermal acclimation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 154:87-96. [PMID: 24874008 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and trace metals are common environmental stressors, and their importance is increasing due to global climate change and anthropogenic pollution. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether acclimation to elevated temperature affects the response of the European bullhead (Cottus gobio) to subsequent cadmium (Cd) exposure by using enzymatic and proteomic approaches. Fish acclimated to 15 (standard temperature), 18 or 21 °C for 28 days were exposed to 1mg Cd/L for 4 days at the respective acclimation temperature. First, exposure to Cd significantly decreased the activity of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in gills of fish acclimated to 15 or 18 °C. However, an acclimation to 21 °C suppressed the inhibitory effect of Cd. Second, using a proteomic analysis by 2D-DIGE, we observed that thermal acclimation was the first parameter affecting the protein expression profile in gills of C. gobio, while subsequent Cd exposure seemed to attenuate this temperature effect. Moreover, our results showed opposite effects of these two environmental stressors at protein expression level. From the 52 protein spots displaying significant interaction effects of temperature and Cd exposure, a total of 28 different proteins were identified using nano LC-MS/MS and the Peptide and Protein Prophet algorithms of Scaffold software. The identified differentially expressed proteins can be categorized into diverse functional classes, related to protein turnover, folding and chaperoning, metabolic process, ion transport, cell signaling and cytoskeleton. Within a same functional class, we further reported that several proteins displayed reverse responses following sequential exposure to heat and Cd. This work provides insights into the molecular pathways potentially involved in heat acclimation process and the interactive effects of temperature and Cd stress in ectothermic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dorts
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laetitia Thézenas
- Research Unit in Cell Biology (URBC) (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Martine Raes
- Research Unit in Cell Biology (URBC) (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Silvestre
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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Enzor LA, Place SP. Is warmer better? Decreased oxidative damage in notothenioid fish after long-term acclimation to multiple stressors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:3301-10. [PMID: 25013114 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.108431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antarctic fish of the suborder Notothenioidei have evolved several unique adaptations to deal with subzero temperatures. However, these adaptations may come with physiological trade-offs, such as an increased susceptibility to oxidative damage. As such, the expected environmental perturbations brought on by global climate change have the potential to significantly increase the level of oxidative stress and cellular damage in these endemic fish. Previous single stressor studies of the notothenioids have shown they possess the capacity to acclimate to increased temperatures, but the cellular-level effects remain largely unknown. Additionally, there is little information on the ability of Antarctic fish to respond to ecologically relevant environmental changes where multiple variables change concomitantly. We have examined the potential synergistic effects that increased temperature and Ṗ(CO2) have on the level of protein damage in Trematomus bernacchii, Pagothenia borchgrevinki and Trematomus newnesi, and combined these measurements with changes in total enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in order to gauge tissue-specific changes in antioxidant capacity. Our findings indicate that total SOD and CAT activity levels displayed only small changes across treatments and tissues. Short-term acclimation to decreased seawater pH and increased temperature resulted in significant increases in oxidative damage. Surprisingly, despite no significant change in antioxidant capacity, cellular damage returned to near-basal levels, and significantly decreased in T. bernacchii, after long-term acclimation. Overall, these data suggest that notothenioid fish currently maintain the antioxidant capacity necessary to offset predicted future ocean conditions, but it remains unclear whether this capacity comes with physiological trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Enzor
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sean P Place
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Effect of temperature acclimation on the liver antioxidant defence system of the Antarctic nototheniids Notothenia coriiceps and Notothenia rossii. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 172-173:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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