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Rizky D, Byun JH, Mahardini A, Fukunaga K, Udagawa S, Pringgenies D, Takemura A. Two pathways regulate insulin-like growth factor genes in the brain and liver of the tropical damselfish Chrysiptera cyanea: A possible role for melatonin in the actions of growth and thyroid hormones. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111679. [PMID: 38876439 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
External and internal factors are involved in controlling the growth of fishes. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which external factors trigger stimulus signals. This study explored the physiological roles of melatonin in the transcription of growth-related genes in the brain and liver of Chrysiptera cyanea, a tropical damselfish with long-day preference. In brain samples of this species collected at 4-h intervals, the transcript levels of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase2 (aanat2), the rate-limiting enzyme of melatonin synthesis, and growth hormone (gh) peaked at 20:00 and 00:00, respectively. Concomitantly, the transcript levels of insulin-like growth factors (igf1 and igf2) in the brain and liver were upregulated during the scotophase. Levels of iodothyronine deiodinases (dio2 and dio3), enzymes that convert thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3, respectively, increased in the brain (dio2 and dio3) and liver (dio2) during the photophase, whereas dio3 levels in the liver showed the opposite trend. Fish reared in melatonin-containing water exhibited significant increases in the transcription levels of gh and igf1 in the brain and igf1 in the liver, suggesting that growth in this fish is positively regulated by the GH/IGF pathway on a daily basis. Melatonin treatment also stimulated the transcript levels of dio2 and dio3 in the liver, but not in the brain. Fish consuming pellets containing T3, but not T4, showed significant increases in gh and igf1 in the brain and igf1 and igf2 in the liver, suggesting that the intercellular actions of the TH/IGF pathway have an impact on growth on a daily basis. In summary, IGF synthesis and action in the brain and liver undergo dual regulation by distinct hormone networks, which may also be affected by daily, seasonal, or nutritional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinda Rizky
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Jun-Hwan Byun
- Department of Fisheries Biology, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Angka Mahardini
- Marine Science Study Program, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Jl. Kedungmundu No.18, Semarang 50273, Indonesia
| | - Kodai Fukunaga
- Organization for Research Promotion, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Shingo Udagawa
- Organization for Research Promotion, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Delianis Pringgenies
- Department of Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedarto S.H., Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Akihiro Takemura
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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Meddeb ER, Trea F, Djekoun A, Nasri H, Ouali K. Subchronic toxicity of iron-selenium nanoparticles on oxidative stress response, histopathological, and nuclear damage in amphibian larvae Rana saharica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112321-112335. [PMID: 37831248 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the subchronic toxicity of FeSe nanoparticles (NPs) in tadpoles of Rana saharica. Tadpoles were exposed for 1-3 weeks to FeSe NPs at 5 mg/L and 100 mg/L rates. Parameters of oxidative stress were measured in whole larvae, and the micronucleus test was performed on circulating blood erythrocytes. We noted a disturbance of the detoxification systems. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic data showed that exposure to FeSe NPs involved a highly significant depletion of GSH, a significant increase in GST activity, and a lipid peroxidation associated with a highly significant increase in MDA. We also noted a neurotoxic effect characterized by a significant inhibition of AChE activity. A micronucleus test showed concentration-dependent DNA damage. This research reveals that these trace elements, in their nanoform, can cause significant neurotoxicity, histopathologic degeneration, cellular and metabolic activity, and genotoxic consequences in Rana larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Rym Meddeb
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Biomonitoring, Badji-Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Fouzia Trea
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Biomonitoring, Badji-Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Abdelmalik Djekoun
- Faculty of Sciences, Materials Physics Laboratory, Badji-Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Hichem Nasri
- Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Chadli Bendjedid University, ElTarf, Algeria
| | - Kheireddine Ouali
- Environmental Bio Surveillance, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Biomonitoring Badji-Mokhtar University, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria.
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Seth M, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A, Thomas J. Pathogenicity of Edwardsiella tarda in Oreochromis mossambicus and treatment by Tamarindus indica seed extract. AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL 2021; 29:1829-1841. [DOI: 10.1007/s10499-021-00719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
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Nisembaum LG, Martin P, Lecomte F, Falcón J. Melatonin and osmoregulation in fish: A focus on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smoltification. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12955. [PMID: 33769643 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Part of the life cycle of several fish species includes important salinity changes, as is the case for the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) or the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Salmo salar juveniles migrate downstream from their spawning sites to reach seawater, where they grow and become sexually mature. The process of preparation enabling juveniles to migrate downstream and physiologically adapt to seawater is called smoltification. Daily and seasonal variations of photoperiod and temperature play a role in defining the timing of smoltification, which may take weeks to months, depending on the river length and latitude. Smoltification is characterised by a series of biochemical, physiological and behavioural changes within the neuroendocrine axis. This review discusses the current knowledge and gaps related to the neuroendocrine mechanisms that mediate the effects of light and temperature on smoltification. Studies performed in S. salar and other salmonids, as well as in other species undergoing important salinity changes, are reviewed, and a particular emphasis is given to the pineal hormone melatonin and its possible role in osmoregulation. The daily and annual variations of plasma melatonin levels reflect corresponding changes in external photoperiod and temperature, which suggests that the hormonal time-keeper melatonin might contribute to controlling smoltification. Here, we review studies on (i) the impact of pinealectomy and/or melatonin administration on smoltification; (ii) melatonin interactions with hormones involved in osmoregulation (e.g., prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol); (iii) the presence of melatonin receptors in tissues involved in osmoregulation; and (iv) the impacts of salinity changes on melatonin receptors and circulating melatonin levels. Altogether, these studies show evidence indicating that melatonin interacts with the neuroendocrine pathways controlling smoltification, although more information is needed to clearly decipher its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gabriela Nisembaum
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Patrick Martin
- Conservatoire National du Saumon Sauvage, Chanteuges, France
| | - Frédéric Lecomte
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Direction de l'expertise sur la faune aquatique, Québec, Canada
| | - Jack Falcón
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS 7208, SU, IRD 207, UCN, UA, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Nisembaum LG, Martin P, Fuentes M, Besseau L, Magnanou E, McCormick SD, Falcón J. Effects of a temperature rise on melatonin and thyroid hormones during smoltification of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:731-748. [PMID: 32880666 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Smoltification prepares juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for downstream migration. Dramatic changes characterize this crucial event in the salmon's life cycle, including increased gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity (NKA) and plasma hormone levels. The triggering of smoltification relies on photoperiod and is modulated by temperature. Both provide reliable information, to which fish have adapted for thousands of years, that allows deciphering daily and calendar time. Here we studied the impact of different photoperiod (natural, sustained winter solstice) and temperature (natural, ~ + 4° C) combinations, on gill NKA, plasma free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and melatonin (MEL; the time-keeping hormone), throughout smoltification. We also studied the impact of temperature history on pineal gland MEL production in vitro. The spring increase in gill NKA was less pronounced in smolts kept under sustained winter photoperiod and/or elevated temperature. Plasma thyroid hormone levels displayed day-night variations, which were affected by elevated temperature, either independently from photoperiod (decrease in T3 levels) or under natural photoperiod exclusively (increase in T4 nocturnal levels). Nocturnal MEL secretion was potentiated by the elevated temperature, which also altered the MEL profile under sustained winter photoperiod. Temperature also affected pineal MEL production in vitro, a response that depended on previous environmental acclimation of the organ. The results support the view that the salmon pineal is a photoperiod and temperature sensor, highlight the complexity of the interaction of these environmental factors on the endocrine system of S. salar, and indicate that climate change might compromise salmon's time "deciphering" during smoltification, downstream migration and seawater residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gabriela Nisembaum
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Patrick Martin
- Conservatoire National du Saumon Sauvage, 43300, Chanteuges, France
| | - Michael Fuentes
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Laurence Besseau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Elodie Magnanou
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - Jack Falcón
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.,Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) MNHN, CNRS 7208, UPMC, IRD 207, UCN, UA, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Cedex, France
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Determination of Fipronil toxicity by different biomarkers in gill and liver tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:543-549. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Es Ruiz de Arcaute C, Ossana NA, Pérez-Iglesias JM, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Auxinic herbicides induce oxidative stress on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20485-20498. [PMID: 31102211 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides might increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dicamba (DIC) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are auxinic herbicides commonly applied in agroecosystems to control unwanted weeds. We analysed the oxidative damage exerted on the fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus by an acute exposure to DIC- and 2,4-D-based herbicides formulations Banvel® and DMA®, respectively. The Endo III- and Fpg-modified alkaline comet assay was employed for detecting DNA damage caused by oxidative stress, whereas enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers such as the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and glutathione content (GSH) were used to assess antioxidant response to these two herbicides. At the DNA level, results demonstrate that both auxinic herbicides induce oxidative damage at purines level. An increase on CAT and GST activities were detected in 48 h- and 96 h-treated specimens with both auxinics. GSH content decreased in fish exposed to DIC during 48 h and to 2,4-D after 96 h of exposure. Additionally, a diminished AChE activity in specimens treated with DIC and 2,4-D was observed only after 96 h. Total protein content decreased in fish exposed to both auxinics during 96 h. These results represent the first evaluation of oxidative damage related to DIC and 2,4-D exposure on a fish species as the Neotropical freshwater teleost C. decemmaculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Es Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia A Ossana
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (PRODEA-INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Lujan, C.C. 221, Luján, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Iglesias
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Tu P, Gao B, Chi L, Lai Y, Bian X, Ru H, Lu K. Subchronic low-dose 2,4-D exposure changed plasma acylcarnitine levels and induced gut microbiome perturbations in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4363. [PMID: 30867497 PMCID: PMC6416245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota critically confers various health benefits, whereas environmental chemicals can affect its constitution and functionality thereby increasing disease risk. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the toxic effects of a wildly-used herbicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on the gut microbiome and host using an occupationally relevant dose. A mouse model was used combined with metagenomic sequencing and metabolomic profiling to examine the alterations induced by subchronic low-dose 2,4-D exposure in fecal and plasma samples. The metagenomics results revealed a distinct gut microbial community with profound changes in diverse microbial pathways including urea degradation, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism in 2,4-D-treated mice. Moreover, the metabolomics results revealed that the metabolic profiles in treatment group were differentiated from control group in both fecal and plasma samples. Toxic effects on the host of 2,4-D at an occupationally relevant dose were observed indicated by decreased acylcarnitine levels in plasma. These findings indicated that 2,4-D can cause toxicity and substantially impact the gut microbiome in mice at occupationally relevant doses, inferring that the relationship between environmental contaminants and microbiota is largely underestimated calling for more comprehensive consideration of the toxicity of occupational exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bei Gao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yunjia Lai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xiaoming Bian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Mesak C, de Oliveira Mendes B, de Oliveira Ferreira R, Malafaia G. Mutagenic assessment of Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles exposed to the 2,4-D herbicide in a simulated realistic scenario. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15235-15244. [PMID: 29679270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to assess possible erythrocyte mutagenic effects on Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles exposed to water contaminated with 2,4-D. In order to do so, tadpoles were exposed to a predictive and environmentally relevant herbicide concentration (1.97 mg/L), which is likely to be found in lentic environments formed by superficial water runoffs in pasture areas where the herbicide was applied. The micronucleus test, as well as tests for other nuclear abnormalities, was conducted after 3, 5, and 9 days of exposure (d.e.). Changes in the biomass and mouth-cloaca length or interference in the larval development of the animals (in the three evaluated times) were not recorded. However, tadpoles exposed to 2,4-D showed the highest total number of nuclear abnormalities, as well as the highest frequency of binucleated erythrocytes and kidney-shaped nuclei (shortly after 3 d.e.). The micronucleus frequency was also higher in animals exposed to 2,4-D (in the 3rd, 5th, and 9th d.e.), as well as the frequency of binucleated cells (3rd, 5th, and 9th d.e.) presenting notched (9th d.e.) and blebbled (9th d.e.) nuclei in comparison to those of the control, after 5 and 9 days of exposure. Therefore, the current study is a pioneer in showing that 2,4-D has a mutagenic effect on L. catesbeianus tadpoles, even at low concentrations (environmentally relevant) and for a short period of time, a fact that may lead to direct losses in anuran populations living in areas adjacent to those subjected to 2,4-D herbicide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mesak
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, Goias, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Oliveira Mendes
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, Goias, Brazil
| | - Raíssa de Oliveira Ferreira
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, Goias, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, Goias, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, Goias, CEP: 75790-000, Brazil.
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Premabati Y, Singh KM, Gupta BBP. Inverse relationship between diurnal rhythms in plasma levels of thyroid hormones and pineal arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) activity in an air-breathing fish,Clarias gariepinus. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1350443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Premabati
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - K. M. Singh
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Braj B. P. Gupta
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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Dragun Z, Filipović Marijić V, Krasnići N, Ramani S, Valić D, Rebok K, Kostov V, Jordanova M, Erk M. Malondialdehyde concentrations in the intestine and gills of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis Karaman) as indicator of lipid peroxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16917-16926. [PMID: 28577140 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA), was studied in Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis Karaman) as an indicator of oxidative stress, using native fish from three rivers in northern Macedonia: the mining-impacted Zletovska and Kriva rivers and the agriculturally impacted Bregalnica River. MDA concentrations were measured in the intestine in the spring and autumn of 2012 and in the gills in autumn. The aims of the study were to establish the type of contamination which provokes a more pronounced MDA increase, as well as the organ which more reliably reflects the occurrence of oxidative stress. MDA levels in the intestine in spring amounted to 3.29-155.8 nmol g-1 and in autumn to 4.85-111.1 nmol g-1, whereas MDA concentrations in the gills in autumn were 7.69-147.5 nmol g-1. Stronger influence of organic contamination on development of oxidative stress was observed in both organs, as seen from higher median MDA concentrations in autumn in fish from the highly pesticide-contaminated Bregalnica River (gills 78.4 nmol g-1; intestine 23.5 nmol g-1) compared to the highly metal-contaminated Zletovska River (gills 15.9 nmol g-1; intestine 17.4 nmol g-1). The response of the gills to contamination was twice stronger than that of the intestine. The majority of fish from the pesticide-polluted river had increased MDA in the gills, in contrast to only sporadically increased MDA in the intestine. Our results indicated that development of oxidative stress strongly depends on the selected fish organ and that the gills seem to be a better choice for monitoring oxidative stress than the intestine, due to their continuous and direct exposure to polluted river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Dragun
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vlatka Filipović Marijić
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nesrete Krasnići
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sheriban Ramani
- Hydrology and Ecology Department, National Hydrometeorological Service, Skupi 28, 1000, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Damir Valić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katerina Rebok
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Arhimedova 3, 1000, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Vasil Kostov
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Ile Ilievski 92a, 1000, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Maja Jordanova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Arhimedova 3, 1000, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Marijana Erk
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002, Zagreb, Croatia
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Fortes Carvalho Neta RN, Barbosa GL, Torres HS, Pinheiro Sousa DB, Castro JDS, Santos DMS, Tchaicka L, Almeida ZDSD, Teixeira EG, Torres AR. Changes in Glutathione S-Transferase Activity and Parental Care Patterns in a Catfish (Pisces, Ariidae) as a Biomarker of Anthropogenic Impact in a Brazilian Harbor. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 72:132-141. [PMID: 27864585 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Catfish have been used as a model system for studying biochemical mechanisms of biotransformation. The main goal of this study was to identify alterations in hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and changes in the parental care pattern of a mouth-brooding catfish, Sciades herzbergii, as a biomarker of anthropogenic impact in a port area on the northeastern coast of Brazil. The fish were sampled from a natural reserve (A1 = reference site) and from an industrialized port area (A2 = impacted site). Two analyses were carried out: hepatic GST activity and mouth-brooding behavior of males. Catfish collected from the A1 site displayed all stages of gonadal maturation, and some of the adult males were mouth brooding 12-30 embryos. Not all gonadal maturation stages of the catfish were represented at the A2 site, and no mouth-brooding males were observed. GST activity in the liver of S. herzbergii was significantly higher in fish from the impacted site compared with fish from the reference site. Values for the enzymatic activity increased progressively in fish sampled from the reserve area as they became more reproductively mature (immature ≤ maturing ≤ mature ≤ spent). However, the greatest values for GST activity (2.84 ± 0.31 μmol min-1 mg protein-1) among fish sampled from the impacted area were found in (immature) juveniles. These data suggest that changes in hepatic GST activity and mouth-brooding behavior of S. herzbergii can be used as biomarkers of anthropogenic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Nonata Fortes Carvalho Neta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 9, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Biomarkers in Aquatic Organisms (LABOAq), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.
- Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.
- Master Programa in Oceanography, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Campus Dom Delgado, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Gleyciane Lobato Barbosa
- Laboratory of Biomarkers in Aquatic Organisms (LABOAq), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil
| | - Hetty Salvino Torres
- Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil
| | - Débora Batista Pinheiro Sousa
- Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil
| | - Jonatas da Silva Castro
- Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil
| | - Débora Martins Silva Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 9, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil
- Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil
| | - Lígia Tchaicka
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 9, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil
- Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil
| | - Zafira da Silva de Almeida
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 9, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil
- Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil
| | - Erivania Gomes Teixeira
- Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil
| | - Audalio Rebelo Torres
- Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil
- Master Programa in Oceanography, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Campus Dom Delgado, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Das S, Majumder S, Gupta S, Dutta S, Mukherjee D. Effects of phenol on ovarian P450arom gene expression and aromatase activity in vivo and antioxidant metabolism in common carp Cyprinus carpio. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:275-286. [PMID: 26403910 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cyp19a mRNA expression and P450 aromatase activity were measured in vivo in common carp Cyprinus carpio exposed to phenol for 96 h. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and parameters of antioxidant defense system in serum ovary and liver of this fish after long-term phenol exposure were also studied. In vivo exposure of fish to sublethal dose of phenol for 96 h caused marked attenuation of ovarian cyp19a1a gene expression and P450 aromatase activity. Production of ROS like hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in serum, liver and ovary in fish exposed to phenol for 15 days elevated significantly from day 1 to day 7 with no further significant increase thereafter compared to their respective control values. Total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in serum and ovary decreased gradually and significantly from day 1 to day 4, which then increased significantly for the rest of the exposure days. Liver SOD activity seemed to be distinctly responsive to phenol. SOD activity in liver of phenol-exposed fish started to increase gradually from day 1 to 4 with no further increase thereafter. Catalase activities in all the tissues showed significant inhibition up to day 4 which then increased gradually and significantly up to day 15 of phenol exposure compared to their respective control values. From our results, it appears that sublethal dose of phenol has the endocrine disruptive potential and effect is mediated via inhibition of ovarian P450arom gene expression and aromatase activity in vivo. Sublethal dose of phenol also caused oxidative stress, and antioxidant systems are very much effective to prevent the damages caused by the generation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Das
- Department of Zoology, Krishnanagar Government College, Krishnanagar, West Bengal, 741101, India.
| | - Suravi Majumder
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kalyani University, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Shreyasi Gupta
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kalyani University, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Sharmistha Dutta
- Department of Zoology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700013, India
| | - Dilip Mukherjee
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kalyani University, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India.
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Nunes B, Verde MF, Soares AMVM. Biochemical effects of the pharmaceutical drug paracetamol on Anguilla anguilla. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11574-11584. [PMID: 25827650 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing presence of pharmaceutical drugs in the environment is a motif of concern, and human-use drugs are of particular importance. This is the case of paracetamol, a widely employed drug in human therapeutics, as analgesic and antipyretic, whose toxicity on aquatic organisms is still not fully characterized. The present study aimed to assess the toxic deleterious effects of paracetamol on European eel, Anguila anguilla, by using a comprehensive battery of antioxidant biomarkers (activities of enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)), and the quantification of oxidative damage (measurement of levels of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay)). Other biochemical effects elicited by this substance were also quantified, in terms of anaerobic respiration (activity of lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, AChE, activity). The obtained results showed the occurrence of an oxidative base response, and paracetamol also seemed to inhibit AChE, showing that this drug can also elicit neurotoxicity. The lack of response by both CAT and LDH show that, despite the occurrence of toxicity, eels have detoxification mechanisms that are effective to cope with paracetamol, preventing additional deleterious alterations, including in the main pathway by which they obtain energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes
- Department of Biology, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal,
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Menezes C, Fonseca MB, Leitemperger J, Pretto A, Moraes BS, Murussi CR, Baldisserotto B, Loro VL. Commercial formulation containing 2,4-D affects biochemical parameters and morphological indices of silver catfish exposed for 90 days. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:323-330. [PMID: 25213788 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9985-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to verify whether a commercial formulation of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D dimethylamine salt (DMA)] affects the growth and biochemical parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after 90 days of exposure. The fish exposed to 0.5 or 2.0 mg/L of DMA presented exhibited decreased growth parameters. Glucose was reduced in the mucus layer at both concentrations, and the total protein level was increased at the highest concentration tested. Fish exposed to DMA showed reduced liver and kidney glycogen at both concentrations tested, while in the muscle, glycogen was reduced only at 2.0 mg/L. Glucose was increased in the liver and decreased in the muscle and kidney at both concentrations and was not altered in the plasma. Lactate was increased in all the tissues and decreased in the plasma. Protein levels were reduced in the liver and plasma at both concentrations, while in the muscle, it was decreased at a concentration of 2.0 mg/L. Levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were reduced in the liver and increased in the muscle at both concentrations and did not change in the brain. DMA increased catalase activity in the liver at both concentrations tested. The present study demonstrates the effects of long-term exposure to DMA. Some parameters could be used as toxicity indicators to identify the presence of DMA in an aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Menezes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil,
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16
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Li ZH, Li P, Shi ZC. Responses of the hepatic glutathione antioxidant defense system and related gene expression in juvenile common carp after chronic treatment with tributyltin. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:700-705. [PMID: 25582114 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, residual organotin compounds have generally been recognised as relevant sources of aquatic environmental pollutants. However, the effects of these contaminants on the glutathione (GSH)-antioxidant system of fishes have not been adequately studied. In the current study, the chronic effects of tributyltin (TBT) found within antifouling paints for ships, on the GSH antioxidant system and related gene expression in the liver of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. Fishes were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of TBT (75 ng/L, 0.75 and 7.5 μg/L) for 15, 30 and 60 days. GSH levels and GSH-related enzymes activities, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), were quantified in the fish liver. The levels of malondialdehyde were also measured as a marker of oxidative damage. In addition, the expression levels of gstp1, gr and gpx1 in common carp chronically exposed to TBT were determined. The results of the current study indicate that chronic exposure of TBT results in reactive oxygen species stress in the liver of common carp, and mRNA expression levels are more sensitive than related enzyme levels. In short, the measured GSH-related indices could potentially be used as molecular indicators for monitoring organotin compounds in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Field Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China,
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17
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Lan-Chow-Wing O, Confente F, Herrera-Pérez P, Isorna E, Chereguini O, Rendón MDC, Falcón J, Muñoz-Cueto JA. Distinct expression profiles of three melatonin receptors during early development and metamorphosis in the flatfish Solea senegalensis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20789-99. [PMID: 25402642 PMCID: PMC4264196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin actions are mediated through G protein-coupled transmembrane receptors. Recently, mt1, mt2, and mel1c melatonin receptors were cloned in the Senegalese sole. Here, their day-night and developmental expressions were analyzed by quantitative PCR. These results revealed distinct expression patterns of each receptor through development. mel1c transcripts were more abundant in unfertilized ovulated oocytes and declined during embryonic development. mt1 and mt2 expression was higher at the earliest stages (2–6 days post-fertilization), decreasing before (mt2) or during (mt1) metamorphosis. Only mt1 and mel1c expression exhibited day-night variations, with higher nocturnal mRNA levels. These results suggest different roles and transcriptional regulation of these melatonin receptors during flatfish development and metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lan-Chow-Wing
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Francesca Confente
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Patricia Herrera-Pérez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Esther Isorna
- Department of Physiology (Animal Physiology II), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olvido Chereguini
- IEO, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Santander Oceanographic Centre, Promontorio de San Martín, s/n, P.O. Box 240, E-39080 Santander, Spain.
| | - Maria del Carmen Rendón
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Jack Falcón
- Aragó Laboratory-UMR7628 (CNRS and UPMC) and GDR2821 (CNRS/Ifremer), F-66651 Banyuls/Mer, France.
| | - José A Muñoz-Cueto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain.
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18
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Atamaniuk TM, Kubrak OI, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Oxidative stress as a mechanism for toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D): studies with goldfish gills. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:1498-1508. [PMID: 24126883 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exposure to the widely used herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), at environmentally permitted (1 mg L(-1)), slightly toxic (10 mg L(-1)), and highly toxic (100 mg L(-1)) concentrations were analyzed in gills of goldfish, Carassius auratus, a popular fish model for ecotoxicological research. Fish were exposed to the pesticide in water for 96 h and an additional group of fish were treated by the highest 2,4-D concentration and then allowed to recover for further 96 h. Among markers of oxidative stress, goldfish exposure to 2,4-D did not affect carbonyl protein levels in the gills, but fish exposure to 100 mg L(-1) of 2,4-D enhanced lipid peroxide concentrations (by 58 %) and oxidized glutathione levels (by 49 %), the latter also significantly increasing (by 33 %) oxidized/total glutathione ratio. Activities of three enzymes of antioxidant defence also increased under 2,4-D exposure: superoxide dismutase (by 29-35 %), catalase (by 41 %), and glutathione peroxidase (by 19-33 %). Activities of other antioxidant associated enzymes as well as other potential markers of stress (e.g. aminotransferase enzymes, acetylcholinesterase, lactate metabolism) showed little or no response in gills to 2,4-D exposure. However, virtually all affected parameters returned to control values during recovery period. A combination of selected indices of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence, measured in fish gills, may provide to be effective biomarkers to assess environmental hazards of 2,4-D to freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana M Atamaniuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76025, Ukraine
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Sánchez-Muros MJ, Villacreces S, Miranda-de la Lama G, de Haro C, García-Barroso F. Effects of chemical and handling exposure on fatty acids, oxidative stress and morphological welfare indicators in gilt-head sea bream (Sparus aurata). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:581-591. [PMID: 23010939 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the changes in the morphological traits, body composition, body fat and oxidative stress of Sparus aurata under two stress conditions: a low weekly exposure to the pesticide Diuron and chronic handling stress. The fish exposed to handling stress showed lower values in the morphological traits and perivisceral fat, whereas chemical stress induced a decrease in the percentage of muscle and carcase and an increase in the percentage of spleen and hepatosomatic index. The two stress situations produced changes in the FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) levels in all organs studied with a particularly marked response for Diuron in the gill. No significant differences in the ROS (reactive oxygen species) level were found for the digestive tract or the gill. In muscle, only Diuron produced a significant increase in ROS, while in liver, both treatments increased the ROS levels. This supports the oxidative stress sensitivity to chemical stress and shows that also could be an appropriate indicator of handling stress. The morphological indexes and body components examined could be practical and easy welfare indicators. Nevertheless, further works must be needed to use under the production conditions in fish farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Sánchez-Muros
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Almería, Cite 2B, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Mazhar FM, Moawad KM, El-Dakdoky MH, Amer AS. Fetotoxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rats and the protective role of vitamin E. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:480-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712459915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the potential role of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in inducing developmental toxicity and oxidative damage in pregnant rats and their fetuses as well as to assess the efficacy of vitamin E to prevent or alleviate such defects. Pregnant rats received 2,4-D (100 mg/kg bw) alone or in combination with vitamin E (100 mg/kg bw) daily from gestation day 1 to 19. The number of implantations, viable and resorbed fetuses and sex ratio were not statistically different among groups. However, fetuses maternally treated with 2,4-D were characterized by lower body weight and higher morphologic and skeletal defect rate. 2,4-D induced oxidative stress in the liver of mothers and fetuses which was indicated by a significant elevation of malondialdehyde level with reduction in catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity. Coadministration of vitamin E can counteract the deleterious effects of 2,4-D by successive reduction in the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M Mazhar
- Zoology department, Women College for Arts, Science and Education- Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karima M Moawad
- Zoology department, Women College for Arts, Science and Education- Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai H El-Dakdoky
- Zoology department, Women College for Arts, Science and Education- Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany S Amer
- Zoology department, Women College for Arts, Science and Education- Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Dabas A, Nagpure NS, Kumar R, Kushwaha B, Kumar P, Lakra WS. Assessment of tissue-specific effect of cadmium on antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:469-82. [PMID: 21691727 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different concentrations of cadmium chloride on the extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and alterations in the antioxidant enzyme activities were studied in liver, kidney and gill tissues of freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus. The fish specimens were exposed to 6.7, 13.4 and 20.1 mg l(-1) sublethal concentrations of cadmium chloride and the oxidative stress was assessed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-exposure. The biomarkers selected for the study were thiobarbituric acid reactive substances for assessing the extent of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system such as reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP(X)), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. In general, the cadmium exposure elevated the LPO in subject tissues of treated group and modulated the activities of GPx, GST, SOD, CAT, GR and level of GSH after given exposure as compared to the control. All enzymes activities, except CAT (in kidney and gills), and amount of LPO elevated significantly (P < 0.05) in treated group with respect to control in all tissues, while significant difference was not observed between the exposed concentrations and within exposure duration. The results indicated that increase in LPO level and the fluctuation in antioxidant defense system in fish could be due to cadmium-induced increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The potential role of these parameters as biomarkers of heavy metal pollution in aquatic system is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Dabas
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Lucknow, UP, India
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Carvalho-Neta RNF, Torres AR, Abreu-Silva AL. Biomarkers in Catfish Sciades herzbergii (Teleostei: Ariidae) from Polluted and Non-polluted Areas (São Marcos’ Bay, Northeastern Brazil). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:1314-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Isorna E, Aliaga-Guerrero M, M'Rabet AE, Servili A, Falcón J, Muñoz-Cueto JA. Identification of two arylalkylamine N-acetyltranferase 1 genes with different developmental expression profiles in the flatfish Solea senegalensis. J Pineal Res 2011; 51:434-44. [PMID: 21718359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The existence of two arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (Aanat1) genes in the genome of some teleosts has been reported recently by in silico analysis. However, there are no data concerning the similarities and/or differences between them and many questions remain to be answered, such as their expression sites, development, or kinetics. Here, we report the cloning of Aanat1a and Aanat1b cDNAs from the sole retina and show for the first time that at least three Aanat genes are expressed in a vertebrate species. Because melatonin is involved in fish ontogeny, we analyzed the developmental transcript levels of Aanat1a and Aanat1b by quantitative real-time PCR, showing their inverse and stage-specific expression patterns. Aanat1a was more abundant during early than late larval stages. Before metamorphosis, nocturnal expression was higher. At metamorphosis, Aanat1a expression decreased and lost these day-night variations. In contrast, the abundance of Aanat1b transcripts, low during early developing stages, rose significantly throughout metamorphosis. This situation seemed to apply to the adult because Aanat1a expression was lower than Aanat1b expression in the retina of adults, where the former did not exhibit day-night variations, while the latter did so with much higher nocturnal transcript levels. In situ hybridization analysis detected Aanat1a and Aanat1b messengers in the outer and inner nuclear layers of retina. The differences in abundance and distinct day-night expression patterns between Aanat1a and Aanat1b during sole development suggest different functions for these two enzymes as well as the existence of interactions between the melatoninergic and thyroid hormone systems during flatfish metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Isorna
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
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Otitoloju A, Olagoke O. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense enzymes in Clarias gariepinus as useful biomarkers for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 182:205-213. [PMID: 21213039 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological evaluations of crude oil, xylene, toluene and benzene were carried out against juvenile stages of Clarias gariepinus. On the basis of LC(50) value, benzene (0.017 ml/l) was found to be the most toxic followed by xylene (0.086 ml/l), toluene (0.398 ml/l) and crude oil (2.219 ml/l) was the least toxic. The results of the lipid peroxidation assay showed that the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) in liver and gills of fish exposed to all the test chemicals increased significantly (P < 0.05) when compared to control. Measurement of activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver and gill of fishes exposed to sublethal concentration of the test chemicals over a 28-day period was found to decrease significantly (P < 0.05) when compared to control. The observed reduction in the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes such as SOD, CAT and GST in conjunction with an increase in MDA levels in the gill and liver tissues of test animals exposed to aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were recommended as a good battery of biomarkers for early detection of pollution during biomonitoring programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo Otitoloju
- Department of Zoology, Ecotoxicology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Lu GH, Qi PD, Qin J, Wang C. Biomarker responses in fish exposed to sediments from northern Taihu Lake. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 87:499-505. [PMID: 21904856 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Our study investigated multiple biomarker responses of goldfish exposed to sediments collected from northern Taihu Lake. The activities of acetylcholinesterase, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase did not differ significantly from controls following exposure to sediment from the center of the lake. However, sediment collected from the northern bays did significantly alter enzymatic activities. An integrated biomarker response (IBR) was calculated and used to evaluate the impact of pollutants from different stations. The results indicated that Mashan in Meiliang Bay and Xiaogongshan in Gong Bay were the most stressful places for fish. Sediment polychlorinated biphenyl and polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations were associated with IBR variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education of Hohai University, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China.
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Ebbesson LOE, Nilsen TO, Helvik JV, Tronci V, Stefansson SO. Corticotropin-releasing factor neurogenesis during midlife development in salmon: genetic, environmental and thyroid hormone regulation. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:733-41. [PMID: 21592238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Salmon parr-smolt transformation (smoltification) is a mid-life transitional stage between life in freshwater and seawater that entails a wide range of neural, endocrine and physiological modifications. In salmon, the neuroendocrine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system regulates pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone and thyrotrophin release. Four experimental groups of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, were used to investigated CRF neurogenesis and its regulation during smoltification. We compared: (i) developmental stages (parr and early-smolt) in anadromous controls; (ii) a developmentally arrested model: anadromous reared under continuous light (LL) with anadromous controls; (iii) a natural hypoendocrine/incomplete smolt development salmon model (landlocked) with anadromous controls; and (iv) landlocked treated with thyroxine to anadromous control smolt levels. CRF neurogenesis between groups was studied with bromodeoxyuradine (BrdU) incorporation followed by double-labelling CRF and BrdU immunhistochemistry. The rate of CRF neurogenesis in the preoptic area (POA) increased from parr to early-smolts in anadromous salmon. By contrast, neurogenesis was inhibited in the LL group and reduced in the landlocked salmon. The administration of thyroxine in landlocked salmon to match anadromous levels increased the rate of CRF neurogenesis to anadromous levels. In conclusion, newly-formed CRF cells in the POA during smoltification are associated with increased retinal innervation to the POA and endocrine responsiveness to increased photoperiod. Both genetic and environmental factors influence the degree of salmon brain development. Thyroid hormones increase CRF neurogenesis during this critical period of development in salmon. We hypothesise that a positive-feedback of thyroid hormones on CRF neurogenesis may be an important event in reaching the developmental climax during critical periods.
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Wang C, Lu G, Peifang W, Wu H, Qi P, Liang Y. Assessment of environmental pollution of Taihu Lake by combining active biomonitoring and integrated biomarker response. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:3746-52. [PMID: 21413737 DOI: 10.1021/es1037047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) bred in clean water were transferred into different stations in Taihu Lake for active biomonitoring exposures. The biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), the antioxidant defense enzymes catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione content (GSH), and lipoperoxidation (TBARS) and metallothionein (MT) in liver were determined as biomarkers during the field exposure period. At the same time, the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and heavy metals in the surface sediments of biomonitoring sites were measured. The total concentrations of PAHs ranged 378.6-1047.8 μg kg(-1) dry weight, PCBs ranged 0.76-3.27 μg kg(-1), OCPs ranged 1.12-3.08 μg kg(-1), and heavy metal Zn ranged 31.82-85.04 mg kg(-1), Cu ranged 13.04-91.02 mg kg(-1), Ni ranged 4.96-28.66 mg kg(-1), and Pb ranged 9.33-22.44 mg kg(-1). The results indicate that persistent organic pollutants exist mainly in Meiliang Bay, while heavy metals are present mainly in Gong Bay. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) was calculated by combining multiple biomarkers to a single value and used to evaluate the toxically induced stress level of populations in different areas. The results demonstrate that Tuoshan and Mashan in Meiliang Bay as well as Dagongshan in Gong Bay showed higher IBR values compared to the other sites. IBR values were in good agreement with OCP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, China Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University , 1 Xikang Road, 210098 Nanjing, China
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Pašková V, Hilscherová K, Bláha L. Teratogenicity and embryotoxicity in aquatic organisms after pesticide exposure and the role of oxidative stress. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 211:25-61. [PMID: 21287390 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8011-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many pesticides have been documented to induce embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in non-target aquatic biota such a fish, amphibians and invertebrates. Our review of the existing literature shows that a broad range of pesticides, representing several different chemical classes, induce variable toxic effects in aquatic species. The effects observed include diverse morphological malformations as well as physiological and behavioral effects. When development malformations occur, the myoskeletal system is among the most highly sensitive of targets. Myoskeletal effects that have been documented to result from pesticides were also known to interfere with the development of organ systems including the eyes or the heart and are also known to often cause lethal or sublethal edema in exposed organisms. The Physiological, behavioral, and population endpoints affected by pesticides include low or delayed hatching, growth suppression, as well as embryonal or larval mortality. The risks associated with pesticide exposure increase particularly during the spring. This is the period of time in which major pepticide applications take place, and this period unfortunately also coincides with many sensitive reproductive events such as spawning, egg laying, and early development of many aquatic organisms. Only few experimental studies with pesticides have directly linked developmental toxicity with key oxidative stress endpoints, such as lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, or modulation of antioxidant mechanisms. On the other hand, it has been documented in many reports that pesticide-related oxidative damage occurs in exposed adult fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. Moreover, the contribution of oxidative stress to the toxicity of pesticides has been emphasized in several recent review papers that have treated this topic. In conclusion, the available experimental data, augmented by several indirect lines of evidence, provide support to the concept that oxidative stress is a highly important mechanism in pesticide-induce reproductive or developmental toxicity. Other stressors may also act by oxidative mechanisms. This notwithstanding, there is much yet to learn about the details of this phenomenon and further research is needed to more fully elucidate the effects that pesticides have and the environmental risks they pose in the early development of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pašková
- Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Wijaya IPM, Nie TJ, Gandhi S, Boro R, Palaniappan A, Hau GW, Rodriguez I, Suri CR, Mhaisalkar SG. Femtomolar detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides via competitive immunoassays using microfluidic based carbon nanotube liquid gated transistor. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:634-638. [PMID: 20162239 DOI: 10.1039/b918566f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of environmental pollutants has become increasingly important due to concern over potential health and environmental impact inflicted by these chemicals. In this contribution, we focus on the development of an all-plastic biosensor comprising laminated single-walled carbon nanotubes as the active element and its conductance modulation in a liquid-gated field effect transistor, as the principle of transduction, for the detection of 2,4-dicholorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide. The reported biosensor is capable of performing real-time label-free detection of analytes in liquid environment. This biosensor which relies on immunoassay principle for specificity is able to detect down to 500 fM levels of 2,4-D in soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Putu Mahendra Wijaya
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Monteiro DA, Rantin FT, Kalinin AL. Inorganic mercury exposure: toxicological effects, oxidative stress biomarkers and bioaccumulation in the tropical freshwater fish matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus (Spix and Agassiz, 1829). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2010; 19:105-123. [PMID: 19636703 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the antioxidant cellular system have often been proposed as biomarkers of pollutant-mediated toxicity. This study evaluated the effects of mercury on oxidative stress biomarkers and bioaccumulation in the liver, gills, white muscle and heart of the freshwater fish matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, exposed to a nominal and sub-lethal concentration (~20% of 96 h-LC(50)) of 0.15 mg L(-1) of mercury chloride (HgCl(2)) for 96 h in a static system. Increases in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) were observed in all tissues after HgCl(2) exposure, except for white muscle GR activity and hepatic GPx. In the liver and gills, the exposure to HgCl(2) also induced significant increases in reduced glutathione (GSH). Conversely, exposure to HgCl(2) caused a significant decrease in the GSH levels and an increase in the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content in the white muscle, while both GSH and GSSG levels increased significantly in the heart muscle. Metallothionein concentrations were significantly high after HgCl(2) exposure in the liver, gills and heart, but remained at control values in the white muscle. HgCl(2) exposure induced oxidative damage, increasing the lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content in all tissues. Mercury accumulated significantly in all the fish tissue. The pattern of accumulation follows the order gills > liver >> heart > white muscle. In conclusion, these data suggest that oxidative stress in response to inorganic mercury exposure could be the main pathway of toxicity induced by this metal in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Amaral Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Isorna E, El M'rabet A, Confente F, Falcón J, Muñoz-Cueto JA. Cloning and expression of arylalkylamine N-acetyltranferase-2 during early development and metamorphosis in the sole Solea senegalensis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 161:97-102. [PMID: 18955059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is a key enzyme in the rhythmic production of melatonin. Two Aanats are expressed in teleost fish, one retinal specific, Aanat1, and the other one pineal specific, Aanat2, being the latter the main enzyme responsible of the plasma nocturnal melatonin increase in fish. In anurans melatonin has been involved in metamorphosis through antagonizing thyroid hormone function; however, no available data reports a relationship between melatonin system and metamorphosis in fish. In this study, we have cloned the AANAT2 (SsAanat2) in a flatfish, Solea senegalensis, and studied its sites of expression and developmental expression pattern by in situ hybridization and Real Time PCR. These studies allowed us to demonstrate a specific signal in the pineal gland of sole larvae from 2 days post-fertilization (dpf), which was evident until post-metamorphosis. Immunohistochemical analysis on the hybridized slides showed that the sole pineal Aanat2 expressing cells corresponded to pineal photoreceptor cells. Real Time PCR was performed in animals kept under natural photoperiod and sampled at different stages from 0 to 21 dpf (including pre-, early-, middle- and late-metamorphic stages) and at midlight (ML) and middark (MD) daytimes. Sole Aanat2 expression was higher at MD than at ML from 2 dpf and at most developmental stages analyzed. The highest AANAT2 mRNA abundance was observed at 2 and 4 dpf. A significant 60-fold reduction in Aanat2 expression was seen just before metamorphosis demonstrating, for the first time in a vertebrate species, that the expression of pineal AANAT and thyroid hormones levels exhibit an inverse pattern during metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Isorna
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510, Puerto Real, España, Spain.
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Fernandes C, Fontaínhas-Fernandes A, Ferreira M, Salgado MA. Oxidative stress response in gill and liver of Liza saliens, from the Esmoriz-Paramos coastal lagoon, Portugal. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2008; 55:262-269. [PMID: 18196193 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-007-9108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific responses against oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation were analyzed in wild adult mullet (Liza saliens) caught in the Portuguese coastal lagoon Esmoriz-Paramos. Parameters measured were catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in liver and gill tissues and lipid peroxidation. The enzyme activities were related to gill histopathological alterations, as well as to heavy metals (Cu and Zn) concentrations in these tissues. Gill epithelium of L. saliens showed histological alterations, such as epithelial hyperplasia resulting in lamellar fusion, epithelial lifting, vasodilatation, and lamellar aneurisms, with a prevalence ranging from 62% to 92%. The highest Cu content was found in liver (379 mg x kg(-1)), while the highest Zn content was observed in gill (119 mg x kg(-1)). SOD and CAT activities showed differences between gill and liver. The highest activities found were SOD in gill (10.1 U/mg protein) and CAT in liver (39.2 mmol/min/mg protein). In gill, CAT activity was negatively related to both Cu levels and gill lifting, while a positive relationship was found between SOD activity and fish age. The positive relationship between Cu and CAT activity in liver suggests that an increase in metabolic level is related to Cu-induced oxidative stress. The decrease in gill CAT activity can be due to osmotic stress caused by damaged gill epithelium. CAT activity in liver is an appropriate biomarker of oxidative stress in the Esmoriz-Paramos lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fernandes
- ESA-Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, CIMO-Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1038, 5301-854, Bragança, Portugal
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Monferran MV, Pesce SF, Cazenave J, Wunderlin DA. Detoxification and antioxidant responses in diverse organs of Jenynsia multidentata experimentally exposed to 1,2- and 1,4-dichlorobenzene. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2008; 23:184-192. [PMID: 18214911 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report changes in activities of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes as well as lipid peroxidation levels in liver, gills, and brain of Jenynsia multidentata exposed to 1,2- and 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB). Fish were captured at an unpolluted area, transported to the laboratory, and acclimated previous to experiments. Exposures were carried out using 1,2-DCB at 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 mg L(-1) and 1,4-DCB at 0.05, 0.1, 1, and 5 mg L(-1). After 24-h exposure, fish were sacrificed and dissected separating liver, gills, and brain of each fish. Organs were used for enzyme extractions, evaluating antioxidant system through the assay of glutathione reductase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase as well as detoxification system by measuring glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. Additionally, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method was used to evaluate the peroxidation of lipids. No changes in GST activity were found in liver of fish exposed to DCBs but in gills and brain of exposed fish. The detoxification system was activated at lower concentrations of 1,2-DCB than 1,4-DCB. Antioxidant response is activated in liver at low DCB concentrations, followed by a drop at highest levels. We also found activation of the antioxidant system in gills and brain of exposed fish. On the other hand, we did not observe changes in TBARS concentrations in liver or gills of exposed fish with respect to controls, but in brain of fish exposed to 1,2-DCB (> or =0.5 mg L(-1)) and 1,4-DCB (5 mg L(-1)). Responses of both detoxification and antioxidant systems of J. multidentata suggest that 1,2-DCB is more toxic than 1,4-DCB to this specie. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report of oxidative stress induced by DCBs in fish. Our results evidence that the brain is the organ most severely affected by the oxidative stress caused by DCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena V Monferran
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dto. Bioquímica Clínica - CIBICI. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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LeRoy KD, Thomas P, Khan IA. Thyroid hormone status of Atlantic croaker exposed to Aroclor 1254 and selected PCB congeners. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 144:263-71. [PMID: 17110171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) were exposed to the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture (Aroclor 1254) or one of three individual congeners (planar PCB 77 or ortho-substituted PCB 47 and PCB 153) in the diet for 30 days to investigate the effects of PCBs on circulating thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Aroclor 1254 (0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg body mass/day) decreased plasma T3 levels consistently, but the effects on T4 levels were inconsistent from year to year. Exposure to PCB 153 (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg body mass/day) significantly lowered both T4 and T3, while PCB 47 at the same doses had no effect on thyroid hormone levels. The lower doses of PCB 77 (0.004, 0.01 and 0.02 mg/kg body mass/day) had no effect on T4 or T3, whereas the highest dose (0.1 mg/kg body mass/day) increased T4 levels significantly. The results of the present study demonstrate that exposure to PCBs at environmentally realistic concentrations can have profound effects on the thyroid status of Atlantic croaker. The ortho-substituted PCB 153 appears to contribute at least partially to the deleterious effects of Aroclor 1254 on thyroid status, whereas the planar PCB 77 at concentrations present in the mixture is unlikely to alter thyroid hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D LeRoy
- The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA
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Moens LN, van der Ven K, Van Remortel P, Del-Favero J, De Coen WM. Expression Profiling of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds Using a Customized Cyprinus carpio cDNA Microarray. Toxicol Sci 2006; 93:298-310. [PMID: 16835292 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfl057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to a variety of anthropogenic compounds has been shown to interfere with normal development, physiology, and reproduction in a wide range of organisms, both in laboratory studies and wildlife. We have developed a Cyprinus carpio cDNA microarray consisting of endocrine-related genes. In the current study, we investigated the applicability of this microarray (1) to study the molecular effects induced by exposure to a variety of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in fish and (2) to discriminate the specific transcriptional profiles associated with these compounds. To that purpose, gene expression profiles were generated in livers of juvenile carp exposed to 14 Organization of Economical Cooperation Development (OECD)-recommended reference EDCs (17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A, tamoxifen, 17alpha-methyltestosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, dibutyl phthalate, flutamide, vinclozolin, hydrocortisone, CuCl(2), propylthiouracil, and a mixture of L-triiodothyronine and L-thyroxine). Our results show that, in addition to some expression similarities between analogous acting substances, each individual compound produced its own unique expression pattern on the array, distinct from the profiles generated by the other compounds. In addition, we were able to identify a minimal subset of genes, which also allowed to discriminate between the different compounds. Overall, our findings suggest that the developed cDNA array has great promise to screen new and existing chemicals on their endocrine-disruptive potential and to identify distinct classes of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte N Moens
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Mi Y, Zhang C, Zeng W, Tang X. Establishment of a germ-somatic cell coculture model for toxicity assessment of environmental endocrine disrupters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2005; 40:1917-28. [PMID: 16194912 DOI: 10.1080/10934520500184392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals by a germ--somatic cell coculture model in vitro. Testicular cells of 18-day-old chicken embryos were dispersed and cultured in different media. Results showed that somatic cells formed a monolayer to which germ cells adhered in the medium supplemented with insulin (Ins), transferrin (Tf), and selenite (Se) (ITS medium). However, the medium without ITS or single subtraction of Ins, Tf, or Se could not maintain cell survival in culture because many germ cells manifested apoptosis. Three known endocrine disrupters were selected to test the feasibility of this model. Aroclor 1254 (A1254, 10 microg/mL) induced condensed nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm in germ cells, which was further confirmed by a cell proliferation assay. However, after culture for 48 h, the number of germ cells displayed a significant augment stimulated by A1254 (0.1-10 microg/mL) (P < 0.05). Similarly, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and busulfan displayed notable toxic effects on germ cells, and germ cell number and cell viability were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The above results indicate that the chicken testicular germ-somatic cell coculture model is a simple, rapid, and veracious in vitro tool for evaluating the effect of environmental endocrine disrupters on functional basis of the cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Mi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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