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Varasteh T, Lima MS, Silva TA, da Cruz MLR, Ahmadi RA, Atella GC, Attias M, Swings J, de Souza W, Thompson FL, Thompson CC. The dispersant Corexit 9500 and (dispersed) oil are lethal to coral endosymbionts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116491. [PMID: 38754321 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Endosymbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) play a vital role in the health of corals. Seawater pollution can harm these endosymbionts and dispersants used during oil spill cleanup can be extremely toxic to these organisms. Here, we examined the impact of oil and a specific dispersant, Corexit-9500, on two representative endosymbionts - Symbiodinium and Cladocopium - from the Southwestern endemic coral Mussismilia braziliensis. The survival and photosynthetic potential of the endosymbionts decreased dramatically after exposure to the dispersant and oil by ~25 % after 2 h and ~50 % after 7 days. Low concentrations of dispersant (0.005 ml/l) and dispersed oil (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 1132 μg/l; Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons, 595 μg/l) proved highly toxic to both Symbiodinium and Cladocopium. These levels triggered a reduction in growth rate, cell size, and cell wall thickness. After a few hours of exposure, cellular organelles were damaged or destroyed. These acute toxic effects underline the fragile nature of coral endosymbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Varasteh
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michele S Lima
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana A Silva
- Laboratory of Celullar Ultrastructure Hertha Meyer, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Luíza R da Cruz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Reza Amir Ahmadi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Laboratory of Lipids Biochemistry and Lipoprotein, Biochemistry Institute Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Attias
- Laboratory of Celullar Ultrastructure Hertha Meyer, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jean Swings
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratory of Celullar Ultrastructure Hertha Meyer, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane C Thompson
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Xu W, Ahmed W, Mahmood M, Li W, Mehmood S. Physiological and biochemical responses of soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum to doxycycline hydrochloride exposure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17665. [PMID: 37848653 PMCID: PMC10582170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of the rapid expansion of the marine aquaculture industry, there has been widespread and irregular usage of aquatic drugs to combat biological diseases, which significantly impact the neighboring aquatic ecosystems. This study delves into the impact of the antibiotic aquatic drug known as doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX) on offshore soft corals, providing valuable data for the responsible use and management of aquatic drugs. In this investigation, we subjected Sarcophyton trocheliophorum to acute exposure to varying concentrations of DOX (0, 1, 5, and 10 mg L-1). We meticulously assessed critical parameters and observed alterations in protein levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, Acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, glutathione (GSH) concentration, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, zooxanthellae density, and chlorophyll content. Our findings reveal that in the presence of DOX-induced environmental stress, there is a significant increase in LPO, MDA, chlorophyll, carotenoid levels, and the activities of ACP, GST, and GSH-Px in soft corals. Simultaneously, there is a noteworthy decrease in zooxanthellae density. Additionally, the protein concentration and SOD activity in soft corals experience substantial reduction when exposed to 5 mg L-1 DOX. Notably, CAT activity varies significantly in environments with 1 and 10 mg L-1 DOX. Moreover, these conditions exhibit a discernible influence on AKP activity, GSH content, and chlorophyll levels. These findings suggest that DOX exposure carries the potential for toxicity in aquaculture settings, affecting protein synthesis in soft corals and influencing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, immunity, and detoxification processes within these organisms. There is also a risk of compromising the coral defense system, potentially leading to coral bleaching. Furthermore, this study underscores the significant impact on photosynthesis, growth, and the metabolic dynamics of the coral-zooxanthellae symbiotic system. Consequently, our research offers vital insights into the mortality and bleaching effects of aquatic drugs on marine corals, offering a foundation for the prudent use and management of such substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Xu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mohsin Mahmood
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Weidong Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Liu X, Bao X, Yang J, Zhu X, Li Z. Preliminary study on toxicological mechanism of golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta) larvae exposed to cd. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:503. [PMID: 37649007 PMCID: PMC10466719 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) flows into the ocean with industrial and agricultural pollution and significantly affects the growth and development of economic cephalopods such as Sepia esculenta, Amphioctopus fangsiao, and Loligo japonica. As of now, the reasons why Cd affects the growth and development of S. esculenta are not yet clear. RESULTS In this study, transcriptome and four oxidation and toxicity indicators are used to analyze the toxicological mechanism of Cd-exposed S. esculenta larvae. Indicator results indicate that Cd induces oxidative stress and metal toxicity. Functional enrichment analysis results suggest that larval ion transport, cell adhesion, and some digestion and absorption processes are inhibited, and the cell function is damaged. Comprehensive analysis of protein-protein interaction network and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was used to explore S. esculenta larval toxicological mechanisms, and we find that among the 20 identified key genes, 14 genes are associated with neurotoxicity. Most of them are down-regulated and enriched to the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, suggesting that larval nervous system might be destroyed, and the growth, development, and movement process are significantly affected after Cd exposure. CONCLUSIONS S. esculenta larvae suffered severe oxidative damage after Cd exposure, which may inhibit digestion and absorption functions, and disrupt the stability of the nervous system. Our results lay a function for understanding larval toxicological mechanisms exposed to heavy metals, promoting the development of invertebrate environmental toxicology, and providing theoretical support for S. esculenta artificial culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xibo Zhu
- Fishery Technology Service Center of Lanshan District, Rizhao, 276800, China.
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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Rabezanahary ANA, Piette M, Missawi O, Garigliany MM, Kestemont P, Cornet V. Microplastics alter development, behavior, and innate immunity responses following bacterial infection during zebrafish embryo-larval development. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136969. [PMID: 36306963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the hazards of microplastics (MPs) have been explored, no complete data exists on the effect of MPs on the egg chorion. This study aims to evaluate the modification of immune responses, metabolism, and behavior of zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio) depending on the moment of exposure. Larvae were exposed to 5 μm polystyrene microbeads at a concentration of 0, 100, or 1000 μg/l, according to a specified times of exposure (0-4, 4-8, 0-8 days postfertilization (dpf)), followed by a bacterial challenge at 8 dpf. After every 4 and 8 dpf, swimming activity, gene expression related to oxidative stress and immune system responses were assessed. During embryonic development, larvae exposed to a concentration of 1000 μg/l MPs already showed a significantly reduced tail coiling frequency, yolk sac resorption and heartbeat. At 8 dpf, swimming activity was altered, even without ingestion and a few days after the end of MP exposure. Our results indicated a difference in immune system (nfkb, il1β) and apoptosis (casp3a, bcl2) related gene expression depending on the timing of MP exposure, which highlighted a contrasting sensitivity according to the exposure time in MP studies. This study brings new insight into how MPs might affect zebrafish larvae health and development even without ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andry Ny Aina Rabezanahary
- University of Namur, Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, Namur, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Piette
- University of Namur, Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, Namur, Belgium
| | - Omayma Missawi
- University of Namur, Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, Namur, Belgium
| | - Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- University of Liège, Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- University of Namur, Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, Namur, Belgium
| | - Valérie Cornet
- University of Namur, Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, Namur, Belgium.
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Yang Z, Fang Y, Liu J, Chen A, Cheng Y, Wang Y. Moderate acidification mitigates the toxic effects of phenanthrene on the mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133783. [PMID: 35101431 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater acidification and phenanthrene may result in complex adverse effects on aquatic animals. Juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) were exposed to different pH levels (7.8, 6.5, and 5.5) under phenanthrene (PHE) (0 (control) and 50 μg/L) conditions for 14 days. Antioxidant and transcriptomic responses were determined under stress conditions to evaluate the physiological adaptation of crabs. Under the control pH 7.8, PHE led to significantly reduced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), but increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, moderate acidification (pH 6.5) changed PHE effects by increasing antioxidant enzymes. Acidification generally reduced SOD, GPx, GST and EROD activities, but increased CAT, GR, MDA. Compared with pH7.8 group, pH7.8 × PHE and pH6.5 × PHE groups had 1148 and 1498 differentially expressed genes, respectively, with "Biological process" being the main category in the two experimental groups. pH7.8 × PHE treatment caused significant enrichment of disease and immune-related pathways, while under pH6.5 × PHE, more pathways related to metabolism, detoxification, environmental information processing, and energy supply were significantly enriched. Thus, PHE had a significant inhibitory effect on antioxidant performance in crabs, while moderate acidification (pH6.5) mitigated the toxic effects of PHE. Overall, moderate acidification has a positive effect on the defense against the negative effects of PHE in Chinese mitten crabs, and this study provides insights into the defense mechanism of crustaceans in response to combined stress of acidification and PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yucheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Aqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Youji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhou Z, Ni X, Chen S, Wu Z, Tang J, Su Y, Wang X, Wang L. Ingested microplastics impair the metabolic relationship between the giant clam Tridacna crocea and its symbionts. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 243:106075. [PMID: 35033793 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging as widespread pollutants in coral reef ecosystems worldwide; however, there is limited knowledge regarding their impact on giant clams, which are important reef builders. In the present study, the cytological, physiological, and molecular response of the giant clam Tridacna crocea to a 5 d exposure of microplastics was investigated. The concentration of microplastics in the intestine and outer mantle increased significantly and gradually after the exposure to microplastics. There were no significant changes in the density of symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae throughout the exposure period, but symbiont chlorophyll content increased significantly after 1 d of exposure. There was a significant increase in symbiont superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, but a decrease in giant clam SOD activity and symbiont glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. No significant changes in catalase (CAT) activity and caspase3 activation level were observed in the two symbiotic partners. Transcriptomic analysis of the giant clam revealed 138 significantly upregulated and 1390 significantly downregulated genes after 5 d of microplastic exposure. The top 20 GO terms overrepresented by these significantly downregulated genes were related to primary metabolic processes and cellular metabolic processes. No significantly upregulated genes were observed in symbionts, but 28 genes were significantly downregulated, including chloroplast oxygen-evolving enhancer, photosystem I reaction center subunit II, peptide/nitrate transporter, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter, beta-glucosidase, and TPA: lipase. These results suggest that T. crocea ingests microplastics through the outer mantle and intestine, and these microplastics can suppress the photosynthesis, organic nutrient transportation, and detoxification ability of the symbionts, as well as the primary metabolism of the giant clam. This eventually could threaten their metabolic relationship and long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Xingzhen Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shiquan Chen
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhongjie Wu
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yilu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xingjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Lingui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Mauro M, Lazzara V, Arizza V, Luparello C, Ferrantelli V, Cammilleri G, Inguglia L, Vazzana M. Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of Danio rerio Adults. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101064. [PMID: 34681162 PMCID: PMC8533377 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The release of medicinal products for human use in the aquatic environment is now a serious problem, and can be fatal for the organisms that live there. Danio rerio is a freshwater fish that provides the possibility to study the effects of these pollutants on the health of aquatic organisms. The results of the various existing scientific studies are scarce and conflicting. Here, we review the scientific studies that have analyzed these effects, highlighting that the impacts of drugs are evident in the biochemical responses of these animals. Abstract To date, drug pollution in aquatic systems is an urgent issue, and Danio rerio is a model organism to study the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants. The scientific literature has analyzed the effect of human drug pollution on the biochemical responses in the tissues of D. rerio adults. However, the information is still scarce and conflicting, making it difficult to understand its real impact. The scientific studies are not consistent with each other and, until now, no one has grouped their results to create a baseline of knowledge of the possible impacts. In this review, the analysis of literature data highlights that the effects of drugs on adult zebrafishes depend on various factors, such as the tissue analyzed, the drug concentration and the sex of the individuals. Furthermore, the most influenced biochemical responses concern enzymes (e.g., antioxidants and hydrolase enzymes) and total protein and hormonal levels. Pinpointing the situation to date would improve the understanding of the chronic effects of human drug pollution, helping both to reduce it in the aquatic systems and then to draw up regulations to control this type of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Valentina Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Luigi Inguglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
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Huang Y, Hong Y, Yin H, Yan G, Huang Q, Li Z, Huang Z. Imidacloprid induces locomotion impairment of the freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii via neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in digestive system. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 238:105913. [PMID: 34304056 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is used in integrated farming like the rice-crayfish co-culture system to prevent water weevil. However, the toxic effect of IMI on the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii is unknown. In the current study, the effects of IMI on the locomotion, antioxidative status, digestion and intestinal microbiota of P. clarkii were investigated. The results showed that IMI caused locomotion impairment with reduced crawl velocity, and attenuated their dark preference, aggressiveness and reversal ability. Inhibited AChE in muscle and hepatopancreas indicates the neurotoxicity of IMI which may directly lead their locomotion dysfunction. The increase of antioxidative enzymes activity and MDA level were found after 25 μg/L and 250 μg/L exposure. Significant up-regulation of several antioxidative and immune-related genes, including CZ-SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, AFL, proPO, HSP27 and HSP70 confirmed that oxidative stress was induced in all treatments when exposed to IMI. In addition, there was significant increase of LDH, indicating the different energy allocation during the exposure. Meanwhile, results from DNA damage analysis showed elevated OTM value and 8-OHdG level in hepatopancretic cells. On the other hand, decreases of alpha-amylase, lipase and increase of trypsin in hepatopancreas was observed at 25 and 250 μg/L. In addition, significant changes of composition of intestinal microbiota at both phylum and genus levels were observed according to the 16S rRNA sequencing results. Increase of pathogenic genera and decrease of beneficial bacterial communities revealed the disequilibrium of intestinal flora of crayfish. In summary, results in the present study suggest that IMI at environmentally realistic concentration could induce AChE inhibition and oxidative stress, conjointly leading the locomotion impairment in crayfish. IMI also affected the digestive functions by enzymes inhibition and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuhang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, China.
| | - Hongmei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, China
| | - Guangwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhiqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, Sichuan Province, China
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Xiao B, Li D, Liao B, Zheng H, Yang X, Xie Y, Xie Z, Li C. Effects of Microplastics Exposure on the Acropora sp. Antioxidant, Immunization and Energy Metabolism Enzyme Activities. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:666100. [PMID: 34149652 PMCID: PMC8213336 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.666100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastic pollution in marine environments has increased rapidly in recent years, with negative influences on the health of marine organisms. Scleractinian coral, one of the most important species in the coral ecosystems, is highly sensitive to microplastic. However, whether microplastic causes physiological disruption of the coral, via oxidative stress, immunity, and energy metabolism, is unclear. In the present study, the physiological responses of the coral Acropora sp. were determined after exposure to polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide 66 (PA66), and polyethylene (PE) microplastic for 96 h. The results showed that there were approximately 4-22 items/nubbin on the surface of the coral skeleton and 2-10 items/nubbin on the inside of the skeleton in the MPs exposure groups. The density of endosymbiont decreased (1.12 × 105-1.24 × 105 cell/cm2) in MPs exposure groups compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the chlorophyll content was reduced (0.11-0.76 μg/cm2) after MPs exposure. Further analysis revealed that the antioxidant enzymes in coral tissues were up-regulated (Total antioxidant capacity T-AOC 2.35 × 10-3-1.05 × 10-2 mmol/mg prot, Total superoxide dismutase T-SOD 3.71-28.67 U/mg prot, glutathione GSH 10.21-10.51 U/mg prot). The alkaline phosphatase (AKP) was inhibited (1.44-4.29 U/mg prot), while nitric oxide (NO) increased (0.69-2.26 μmol/g prot) for cell signal. Moreover, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was down-regulated in the whole experiment period (0.19-0.22 U/mg prot), and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) for cell the phosphate pentoses pathway was also reduced (0.01-0.04 U/mg port). Results showed that the endosymbiont was released and chlorophyll was decreased. In addition, a disruption could occur under MPs exposure, which was related to anti-oxidant, immune, and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Xiao
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baolin Liao
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huina Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongqi Xie
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziqiang Xie
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengyong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Hossain MM, Huang H, Yuan Y, Wan T, Jiang C, Dai Z, Xiong S, Cao M, Tu S. Silicone stressed response of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in antioxidant enzyme activity and related gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:115836. [PMID: 33190981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organosilicon has been widely used in various fields of industry and agriculture due to its excellent properties, such as high and low temperature resistance, flame retardant, insulation, radiation resistance and physiological inertia. However, organosilicon toxicity in aquatic animals is seldom known. In this research, two typical silicone or silane coupling agents (KH-560 (3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) and KH-570 (3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane)) were used in a hydroponic experiment to evaluate the effects on survival rate, antioxidant response and gene expression in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Crayfishes were grown in black aquaculture boxes containing different concentrations (0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg L-1) of KH-560 and KH-570 for 72 h, and then crayfish samples were harvested and separated into tissues of carapace, gill and muscle for analysis. The results showed that silicone significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in muscle by 17%-38% except for the treatment of 100 mg L-1 KH-570, and reduced the survival rate of crayfish. Additionally, silicone KH-570 increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) by 15%-31%, 17%-35%, and 9%-46%, as well as the contents of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) by 19%-31%, and 23%-29% respectively, in muscle tissue, and similar results occurred in KH-560. In the carapace, however, SOD activity was significantly decreased at high concentrations level of both silicone treatments. Moreover, silicon (Si) content was higher in the abdominal muscle of crayfish after silicone treatment. Assay of gene expression showed an obvious increasing expression of antioxidant related genes (Sod1, Sod2, Cat1, Cat2, and Pod1, Pod2) under silicone stress. The above results suggested that silicone caused an obvious stress response in crayfish in both biochemical and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Muzammel Hossain
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Hengliang Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Tianyin Wan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Chengfeng Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhihua Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shuanglian Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Menghua Cao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shuxin Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Research Center for Soil Remediation Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Multi-Residue Determination of Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Ormethoprim, and Trimethoprim in Fish and Shrimp Using Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction with LC–MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-01965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Zhang Y, Sun K, Li Z, Chai X, Fu X, Kholodkevich S, Kuznetsova T, Chen C, Ren N. Effescts of acute diclofenac exposure on intestinal histology, antioxidant defense, and microbiota in freshwater crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128130. [PMID: 33297118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we exposed Procambarus clarkii to different doses (0, 1, and 10 mg/L) of diclofenac (DCF). Meanwhile, we investigated the effects of exposure to DCF on intestinal histology, antioxidant defense, and microbial communities in P. clarkii. The results showed DCF caused histological changes in the intestines. Additionally, DCF induced significant changes in the expression of antioxidant genes including Mn-sod, cat, gst, and gpx. High-throughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene revealed DCF changed the diversity, richness, and composition of intestinal microbial communities. The relative abundances of the predominant phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria showed significant changes at the phylum level after treatment with DCF. At the genus level, the most predominant genera with marked differences in abundance were Lucibacterium, Shewanella, Bacteroides, Anaerorhabdus, Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Clostridium XlVb, Arcobacter, Bosea, and so on. To conclude, treatment with DCF could cause intestinal histological damage, induce significant changes of the expression of intestinal antioxidant genes, and impact the composition of intestinal microbiota in P. clarkii. This research will provide novel insights into the toxic effects of DCF on aquatic crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Zheyu Li
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Chai
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiangyu Fu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Sergey Kholodkevich
- Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Hong Y, Huang Y, Yan G, Yin H, Huang Z. DNA damage, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity induced by deltamethrin on the freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:16-23. [PMID: 32757256 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid pesticides are applied to both agricultural and aquacultural industries for pest control. However, information of their impact on the commercial important freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii is scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize to effects of a commonly used pyrethroid pesticide, deltamethrin on DNA damage, immune response, and neurotoxicity in P. clarkii. Animals were exposed to 7, 14, and 28 ng/L of deltamethrin, which correspond to 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 of the LC50 (96 hours) of this pyrethroid to P. clarkii. Significant increase of olive tail moment (OTM) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was found after deltamethrin exposure in a dose-dependent way. Total hemocyte counts (THC) and activities of immune-related enzymes including acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZM), and phenoloxidase (PO) were all decreased and significantly lower than control at concentration of 28 ng/L after 96 hours exposure. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, an indicator of neurotoxic effect was investigated and it was decreased significantly in muscles at 14 and 28 ng/L after 24 hours exposure. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hemocytes was also measured and the significant increase of ROS was found at 14 and 28 ng/L concentrations. The results revealed that deltamethrin induced DNA damage, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity in P. clarkii by excessive generation of ROS. Because of the dose-dependent responses of all parameters under exposure of deltamethrin at environmentally realistic concentrations, these parameters could be used as sensitive biomarkers for risk assessment of deltamethrin in aquaculture area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongmei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, China
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14
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Su Y, Zhang K, Zhou Z, Wang J, Yang X, Tang J, Li H, Lin S. Microplastic exposure represses the growth of endosymbiotic dinoflagellate Cladocopium goreaui in culture through affecting its apoptosis and metabolism. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125485. [PMID: 31809929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are widespread emerging marine pollutants that have been found in the coral reef ecosystem. In the present study, using Cladocopium goreaui as a symbiont representative, we investigated cytological, physiological, and molecular responses of a Symbiodiniaceae species to weeklong microplastic exposure (Polystyrene, diameter 1.0 μm, 9.0 × 109 particles L-1). The density and size of algal cells decreased significantly at 7 d and 6-7 d of microplastic exposure, respectively. Chlorophyll a content increased significantly at 7 d of exposure, whereas Fv/Fm did not change significantly during the entire exposure period. We observed significant increases in superoxide dismutase activity and caspase3 activation level, significant decrease in glutathione S-transferase activity, but no change in catalase activity during the whole exposure period. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 191 significantly upregulated and 71 significantly downregulated genes at 7 d after microplastic exposure. Fifteen GO terms were overrepresented for these significantly upregulated genes, which were grouped into four categories including transmembrane ion transport, substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity, calcium ion binding, and calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity. Thirteen of the significantly upregulated genes encode metal ion transporter and ammonium transporter, and five light-harvesting protein genes were among the significantly downregulated genes. These results demonstrate that microplastics can act as an exogenous stressor, suppress detoxification activity, nutrient uptake, and photosynthesis, elevate oxidative stress, and raise the apoptosis level through upregulating ion transport and apoptotic enzymes to repress the growth of C. goreaui. These effects have implications in negative impacts of microplastics on coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis that involves C. goreaui.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Kaidian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Zhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA.
| | - Jierui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA.
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15
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Kholodkevich S, Sharov A, Feng Y, Ren N, Sun K. Microcystin-LR-induced changes of hepatopancreatic transcriptome, intestinal microbiota, and histopathology of freshwater crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134549. [PMID: 31810700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a hepatotoxin, microcystin-LR (MC-LR) poses a great threat to aquatic organisms. In this research, the hepatopancreatic transcriptome, intestinal microbiota, and histopathology of Procambarus clarkii (P. clarkii) in response to acute MC-LR exposure were studied. RNA-seq analysis of hepatopancreas identified 372 and 781 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after treatment with 10 and 40 μg/L MC-LR, respectively. Among the DEGs, 23 genes were immune-related and 21 genes were redox-related. GO functional enrichment analysis revealed that MC-LR could impact nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, cobalamin- and heme-related processes, and sirohydrochlorin cobaltochelatase activity of P. clarkii. In addition, the only significantly enriched KEGG pathway induced by MC-LR was galactose metabolism pathway. Meanwhile, sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that MC-LR decreased bacterial richness and diversity, and altered the intestinal microbiota composition. At the phylum level, after 96 h, the abundance of Verrucomicrobia decreased after treatment with 10 and 40 μg/L MC-LR, while Firmicutes increased in the 40 μg/L MC-LR-treated group. At the genus level, the abundances of 15 genera were significantly altered after exposure to MC-LR. Our research demonstrated that MC-LR exposure caused histological alterations such as structural damage of hepatopancreas and intestines. This research provides an insight into the mechanisms associated with MC-LR toxicity in aquatic crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zheyu Li
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Sergey Kholodkevich
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia; Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 197110, Russia
| | - Andrey Sharov
- Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 197110, Russia; Papanin Institute for Biology of the Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 152742, Russia
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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16
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Tang J, Ni X, Zhou Z, Wang L, Lin S. Acute microplastic exposure raises stress response and suppresses detoxification and immune capacities in the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:66-74. [PMID: 30172125 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are widespread emerging contaminants that have been found globally in the marine and freshwater ecosystem, but there is limited knowledge regarding its impact on coral reef ecosystem and underpinning mechanism. In the present study, using Pocillopora damicornis as a model, we investigated cytological, physiological, and molecular responses of a scleractinian coral to acute microplastic exposure. No significant changes were observed in the density of symbiotic zooxanthellae during the entire period of microplastic exposure, while its chlorophyll content increased significantly at 12 h of microplastic exposure. We observed significant increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, significant decrease in the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase and the immune enzyme alkaline phosphatase, but no change in the other immune enzyme phenoloxidase during the whole experiment period. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 134 significantly up-regulated coral genes at 12 h after the exposure, enriched in 11 GO terms mostly related to stress response, zymogen granule, and JNK signal pathway. Meanwhile, 215 coral genes were significantly down-regulated at 12 h after exposure, enriched in 25 GO terms involved in sterol transport and EGF-ERK1/2 signal pathway. In contrast, only 12 zooxanthella genes exhibited significant up-regulation and 95 genes down-regulation at 12 h after the microplastic exposure; genes regulating synthesis and export of glucose and amino acids were not impacted. These results suggest that acute exposure of microplastics can activate the stress response of the scleractinian coral P. damicornis, and repress its detoxification and immune system through the JNK and ERK signal pathways. These demonstrate that microplastic exposure can compromise the anti-stress capacity and immune system of the scleractinian coral P. damicornis, despite the minimal impact on the abundance and major photosynthate translocation transporters of the symbiont in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xingzhen Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA.
| | - Lingui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
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17
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Zhou Z, Yu X, Tang J, Wu Y, Wang L, Huang B. Systemic response of the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis against acute cadmium stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 194:132-139. [PMID: 29179148 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals have become one of the main pollutants in the marine environment and a major threat to the growth and reproduction of stony corals. In the present study, the density of symbiotic zooxanthellae, levels of crucial physiological activities and the transcriptome were investigated in the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis after the acute exposure to elevated cadmium concentration. The density of symbiotic zooxanthellae decreased significantly during 12-24h period, and reached lowest at 24h after acute cadmium stress. No significant changes were observed in the activity of glutathione S-transferase during the entire stress exposure. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and the concentration of glutathione decreased significantly, but the activation level of caspase3 increased significantly after cadmium exposure. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed 3538 significantly upregulated genes and 8048 significantly downregulated genes at 12h after the treatment. There were 12 overrepresented GO terms for significantly upregulated genes, mostly related to unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. In addition, a total of 32 GO terms were overrepresented for significantly downregulated genes, and mainly correlated with macromolecular metabolic processes. These results collectively suggest that acute cadmium stress could induce apoptosis by repressing the production of the antioxidants, elevating oxidative stress and activating the unfolded protein response. This cascade of reactions would result to the collapse of the coral-zooxanthella symbiosis and the expulsion of symbiotic zooxanthellae in the stony coral P. damicornis, ultimately leading to coral bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Lingui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
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Triacylglycerols in edible oils: Determination, characterization, quantitation, chemometric approach and evaluation of adulterations. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:1-16. [PMID: 28801042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are a dietary source of lipids that constitute an essential component of a healthy diet. The commonly used vegetable oils differ significantly for their triacylglycerol (TAG) profile. TAGs represent the principal components of oils and may contain different fatty acids (FA) esterified with glycerol leading to several positional isomers. To differentiate individual TAGs species in edible oils, advanced analysis systems and innovative methods are therefore required. TAGs can be considered as good fingerprints for quality control and many studies have been performed to develop rapid and low cost analytical methods to determinate the authenticity, origin and eventually evidence frauds or adulterations. The present manuscript provides a general overview on the most common vegetable oils TAGs compositions and on the related analytical methodologies recently used. Finally, the chemometric applications developed to assess the authenticity, quality and botanical origin of various edible oils are discussed.
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Ragusa MA, Costa S, Cuttitta A, Gianguzza F, Nicosia A. Coexposure to sulfamethoxazole and cadmium impairs development and attenuates transcriptional response in sea urchin embryo. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 180:275-284. [PMID: 28411544 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Among sulfonamides, sulfamethoxazole represents one of the most widely employed. A considerable amount of sulfamethoxazole is introduced into the marine environment after utilization in aquaculture. The cytotoxicity of sulfamethoxazole relies mainly on arylhydroxylamine metabolites and it is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species. Cadmium represents a metal largely employed in several anthropic activities and it is toxic for all living organisms even at low concentrations. Since it is not degraded, cadmium irreversibly accumulates into cells. In order to understand the mechanisms of response to changes in the chemical environment, we investigated by light microscopy observations and RT-qPCR assays the impact of sulfamethoxazole and cadmium in P. lividus sea urchin embryos. During development, embryos were exposed to sulfamethoxazole amount comparable to that usually used in aquaculture procedures and/or sublethal levels of cadmium chloride. Impairment of development and biomarkers for inflammation, detoxification, metal scavenging and cell death were inspected. Even though treatment with sulfamethoxazole apparently did not affect development, it stimulated a remarkable molecular response to oxidative stress. Moreover, combined exposure seriously compromised development and the defense mechanisms to cadmium were blocked. This study leads to the conclusion that coexposure to sulfamethoxazole and cadmium induces neutralizing effects on sea urchin embryos. Thus, in marine areas nearby aquaculture farms, where sulfamethoxazole discharge represents an important environmental contaminant, cadmium occurrence may alter population dynamics of P. lividus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Ragusa
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Sicily, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Costa
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Sicily, Italy.
| | - Angela Cuttitta
- National Research Council-Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Biotechnology, Detached Unit of Capo Granitola, Torretta Granitola, Trapani, Sicily, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Gianguzza
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Sicily, Italy.
| | - Aldo Nicosia
- National Research Council-Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Biotechnology, Detached Unit of Capo Granitola, Torretta Granitola, Trapani, Sicily, Italy.
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Bongiorno D, Indelicato S, Ceraulo L, Perricone U, Calabrese V, Almerico AM, Turco Liveri V, Tutone M. Micelles of the chiral biocompatible surfactant (1R,2S)-dodecyl(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)dimethylammonium bromide (DMEB): molecular dynamics and fragmentation patterns in the gas phase. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1158-1168. [PMID: 28444908 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The study of self-assembly processes of surfactant molecules in the gas phase is of great interest for several theoretical and technological reasons related to their possible exploitation as drug carriers, protein shields and cleaning agents in the gas phase. METHODS The stability and fragmentation patterns of singly and multiply charged (either positively or negatively) aggregates of the surfactant (1R,2S)-dodecyl(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)dimethyl ammonium bromide (DMEB) in the gas phase have been studied by ion mobility mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of positively and negatively singly and multiply charged DMEB aggregates have been performed to obtain structural and energetics information. Finally, in order to ascertain some clues on the DMEB growth mechanism, quantum mechanics calculations were carried out. RESULTS It has been evidenced that positively and negatively singly charged aggregates at low collision energy decompose preferentially by loss of only one DMEB molecule. Increasing the collision energy, the loss of neutrals becomes increasingly abundant. Multiply charged DMEB aggregates are unstable and decompose forming singly charged monomers or dimers. MD simulations show reverse micelle-like structures with polar heads somewhat segregated into the aggregate interior. Finally, a good correlation between experimental and calculated collisional cross sections (CCS) was found. CONCLUSIONS The fragmentation pathways of DMEB charged species evidenced for singly charged aggregates exhibit features similar to that of other detergent aggregates, but multiply charged aggregates showed a system-specific behavior. QM calculations on the optimized structures (21+ , 31+ , 11- and 21- ) indicate that the most determinant interactions are due to an OH---Br hydrogen bonding that is also involved in the link between monomeric DMEB units. The MD models gave CCS values in good agreement with experimental ones, evidenced by a less strict reverse micelle-like structure and a reasonably spread bromine anion distribution Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bongiorno
- Università degli studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Indelicato
- Università degli studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, (DISTEM), via Archirafi 26, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Ceraulo
- Università degli studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ugo Perricone
- Università degli studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Calabrese
- Università degli studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Almerico
- Università degli studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Turco Liveri
- Università degli studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Tutone
- Università degli studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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Calò M, Bitto A, Lo Cascio P, Giarratana F, Altavilla D, Gervasi T, Campone L, Cicero N, Licata P. PCB-126 effects on aryl hydrocarbon receptor, ubiquitin and p53 expression levels in a fish product (Sparus aurata L.). Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1136-1144. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1320794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Calò
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lo Cascio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano SA, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Science4Life, Spin Off Company, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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22
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Liu QN, Xin ZZ, Liu Y, Wang ZF, Chen YJ, Zhang DZ, Jiang SH, Chai XY, Zhou CL, Tang BP. A ferritin gene from Procambarus clarkii, molecular characterization and in response to heavy metal stress and lipopolysaccharide challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:297-303. [PMID: 28232280 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin plays important roles in iron storage, detoxification, and immune response. Here, a ferritin gene (PcFer) was identified in Procambarus clarkii, an economically important freshwater crayfish. Full-length PcFer cDNA was 1022-bp, including a 135-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR) with a typical iron responsive element, a 374-bp 3'-UTR, and a 513-bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 170 amino acids which contained the Ferritin domain. PcFer has ion binding sites, a ferrihydrite nucleation center, and an iron ion channel. PcFer is phylogenetically closely-related to Pacifastacus leniusculus and Eriocheir sinensis ferritins. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis showed that PcFer was expressed in all tested P. clarkii tissues, and expressed most in hepatopancreas. After challenge with various heavy metals and lipopolysaccharide, respectively, the hepatopancreatic expression levels of PcFer were markedly upregulated. These results suggest that expression of PcFer might be involved in immune defense and protection of P. clarkii against heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ning Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Zhe Xin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Jing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Zhen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen-Hao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Chai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Di Stefano V, Avellone G, Bongiorno D, Indelicato S, Massenti R, Lo Bianco R. Quantitative evaluation of the phenolic profile in fruits of six avocado (Persea americana) cultivars by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-heated electrospray-mass spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1208225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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