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van Spijk JN, Lo HC, Merle R, Richter IG, Diemar A, Stoeckle SD, Gehlen H. Serum and Urinary Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Concentrations in Dehydrated Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3776. [PMID: 38136813 PMCID: PMC10741069 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased in renal tissue in human kidney disease, but its role as a biomarker for kidney disease has not been fully evaluated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum MMP-9 (sMMP-9) and urinary MMP-9 (uMMP-9) concentrations in dehydrated horses. Dehydrated horses were prospectively included. Blood and urinary samples were taken at admission, and after 12, 24, and 48 h (t0, t12, t24, t48), an anti-equine MMP-9 sandwich ELISA was used. Four healthy horses served as the controls. Serum creatinine, urea, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), urine-specific gravity, urinary protein concentration, fractional sodium excretion, and urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase/creatinine ratio (uGGT/Cr) were measured. Statistical analysis included a repeated measures ANOVA and mixed linear regression model. Overall, 40 dehydrated horses were included (mild dehydration 13/40, moderate 16/40, severe 11/40). Acute kidney injury was found in 1/40 horses; 7/40 horses showed elevated serum creatinine, 11/40 horses elevated serum SDMA, and 5/28 elevated uGGT/Cr at presentation. In dehydrated horses, sMMP-9 concentrations were significantly higher on t0 (median: 589 ng/mL, range: 172-3597 ng/mL) compared to t12 (340 ng/mL, 132-1213 ng/mL), t24 (308 ng/mL, 162-1048 ng/mL), and t48 (258 ng/mL, 130-744 ng/mL). In healthy horses, sMMP-9 (239 ng/mL, 142-508 ng/mL) showed no differences over time or compared to patients. uMMP-9 and uMMP-9/creatinine did not differ over time or to the controls. No differences were found between dehydration groups. Urinary casts (p = 0.001; estimate = 135) and uGGT/Cr (p = 0.03; estimate = 6.5) correlated with sMMP-9. Serum urea was associated with uMMP-9/Cr (p = 0.01, estimate 0.9). In conclusion, sMMP-9 was elevated at arrival in dehydrated patients compared to later measurements. Correlations to uGGT/Cr and urinary casts need further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. van Spijk
- Equine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.N.v.S.); (H.-C.L.); (H.G.)
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Equine Department, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hsiao-Chien Lo
- Equine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.N.v.S.); (H.-C.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ina-Gabriele Richter
- Research Centre of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, 99947 Bad Langensalza, Germany; (I.-G.R.); (A.D.)
| | - Anne Diemar
- Research Centre of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, 99947 Bad Langensalza, Germany; (I.-G.R.); (A.D.)
| | - Sabita D. Stoeckle
- Equine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.N.v.S.); (H.-C.L.); (H.G.)
- Equine Clinic, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Gehlen
- Equine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.N.v.S.); (H.-C.L.); (H.G.)
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Zharikov AY, Kalnitsky AS, Mazko ON, Makarova OG, Bobrov IP. Effect of Carnosine on the Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Oxidative Stress in the Kidneys in Experimental Urate Nephrolithiasis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 174:326-329. [PMID: 36723739 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of carnosine on MMP-2 activity and oxidative stress in the kidneys in experimental urate nephrolithiasis was studied. Urate nephrolithiasis was modeled in Wistar rats by intragastric administration of a mixture of oxonic and uric acids. Carnosine was administered intragastrically through a tube in a dose of 15 mg/kg. In rats treated with carnosine, the concentration of MMP-2 in the urine decreased by 3.7 times, and the excretion of MMP-2 with urine decreased by 4.3 times. In the homogenate of the kidneys from rats treated with carnosine, the concentration of TBA-reactive substances decreased by 5 times and the concentration of MMP-2 decreased by 12.7%. After treatment with carnosine, the number of histologically confirmed cases of urate nephrolithiasis decreased by 2 times, while the mean size of urate deposits decreased by 2.7 times. Thus, carnosine inhibits MMP-2 and reduces the intensity of oxidative stress in the kidneys, which prevents the development of urate nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yu Zharikov
- Altai State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia
| | - A S Kalnitsky
- Altai State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia.
| | - O N Mazko
- Altai State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia
| | - O G Makarova
- Altai State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia
| | - I P Bobrov
- Altai State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia
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Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in kidney disease. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 105:141-212. [PMID: 34809827 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc and calcium endopeptidases which cleave extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. They are also involved in the degradation of cell surface components and regulate multiple cellular processes, cell to cell interactions, cell proliferation, and cell signaling pathways. MMPs function in close interaction with the endogenous tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), both of which regulate cell turnover, modulate various growth factors, and participate in the progression of tissue fibrosis and apoptosis. The multiple roles of MMPs and TIMPs are continuously elucidated in kidney development and repair, as well as in a number of kidney diseases. This chapter focuses on the current findings of the significance of MMPs and TIMPs in a wide range of kidney diseases, whether they result from kidney tissue changes, hemodynamic alterations, tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, inflammation, or fibrosis. In addition, the potential use of these endopeptidases as biomarkers of renal dysfunction and as targets for therapeutic interventions to attenuate kidney disease are also explored in this review.
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Yazgan B, Avcı F, Memi G, Tastekin E. Inflammatory response and matrix metalloproteinases in chronic kidney failure: Modulation by adropin and spexin. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1917-1927. [PMID: 34024143 PMCID: PMC8424640 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211012417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a major global public health problem. The peptide hormones adropin and spexin modulate many physiological functions such as energy balance and glucose, lipid and protein metabolism. However, it is unclear whether these peptides may exert effects on renal damage, tissue remodeling, and inflammatory conditions. In view of the limited information, we aimed to investigate the effect of adropin and spexin on matrix metalloproteinase and inflammatory response genes a rat model of adenine-induced chronic kidney failure. Chronic kidney failure was induced in rats by administering adenine hemisulfate. Renal function was determined in an autoanalyzer. Histopathological modifications were assessed by H&E staining. mRNA expression levels of ALOX 15, COX 1, COX 2, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-18 IL-21, IL-33, KIM-1, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-13, NGAL, TGFβ1, TIMP-1, and TNFα in kidney tissue were measured by qPCR. Our results showed an increase of 24-h urine volume, serum creatinine, BUN, and urine protein levels in group with adenine-induced CKF. Adropin and spexin treatments decreased urine protein and 24-h urine volume. Renal damage, TIMP-1, IL-33, and MMP-2 increased after CKF induction, while COX 1, MMP-9, and MMP-13 levels were significantly reduced. Furthermore, KIM-1, TIMP-1, IL-33, and MMP-2 were downregulated by spexin treatment. Renal damage, NGAL, TIMP-1 IL-17A, IL-33, MMP-2, and MMP-3 decreased after adropin treatment, while MMP-13 levels were upregulated. Treatment with adropin+spexin decreased KIM-1, NGAL, TIMP-1, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-33, ALOX 15, COX 1, COX 2, TGFβ1, TNFα, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-7, but increased MMP-13 levels. Our findings revealed that inflammatory response and MMP genes were modulated by adropin and spexin. These peptides may have protective effects on inflammation and chronic kidney damage progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yazgan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Sabuncuoğlu Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School, Amasya University, Amasya 05100, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya 05100, Turkey
| | - Filiz Avcı
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya 05100, Turkey
| | - Gülsün Memi
- Department of Nursing, Hakkı Yoruk Health School, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
| | - Ebru Tastekin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
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Wang WJ, Chen XM, Cai GY. Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype: Potential therapeutic targets for renal fibrosis. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111403. [PMID: 33984448 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis plays a crucial role in the progression of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. However, because the aetiology of this pathological process is complex and remains unclear, there is still no effective treatment. Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) have been reported to lead to renal fibrosis. This review first discusses the relationships among cellular senescence, the SASP and renal fibrosis. Then, the key role of the SASP in irreversible renal fibrosis, including fibroblast activation and abnormal extracellular matrix accumulation, is discussed, with the results of studies having indicated that inhibiting cellular senescence and the SASP might be a potential preventive and therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis. Finally, we summarize promising therapeutic strategies revealed by existing research on senescent cells and the SASP, including emerging interventions targeting the SASP, caloric restriction and mimetics, and novel regeneration therapies with stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Guang-Yan Cai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China.
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Caimi G, Hopps E, Montana M, Urso C, Carollo C, Canino B, Lo Presti R. The function of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) in several clinical conditions: Results and analysis of our survey. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 78:401-416. [PMID: 33814420 DOI: 10.3233/ch-201094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this research was to evaluate the plasma concentration of MMP-9 and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) in different clinical conditions. It included several groups of subjects: 31 overweight subjects; 91 obese adults divided into two subgroups according to the BMI value (BMI 30-35 Kg/m2 and BMI > 35 Kg/m2); 90 subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) divided into two subgroups (with and without diabetes mellitus); 100 subjects with preclinical carotid atherosclerosis (PCA) divided according to the number of cardiovascular risk factors and to the insulin resistance degree; 48 subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) divided according to the apnoea/hypopnea index (AHI); 27 subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on conservative management; 31 subjects with CKD on regular haemodialysis treatment. We have found a significant increase of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in overweight subjects, in obese adult and in MS subjects. In obese adults, the behaviour of these two parameters was not influenced by the degree of obesity, while in the group of MS subjects both these parameters were clearly influenced by the presence of diabetes mellitus. In subjects with PCA, we observed an increase of MMP-9 associated with a significant decrease of TIMP-1; the same trend was found by subdividing the entire group in accordance with the number of cardiovascular risk factors and with the insulin resistance degree. In subjects with OSAS, we noted an increase in MMP-9 and TIMP-1; this increase was more evident in subjects with OSAS having AHI > 30. In individuals with CKD on conservative and haemodialysis treatment we have found, at baseline, a marked increase in MMP-9 and a significant decrease of TIMP-1. In dialyzed subjects, after a standard dialysis session was noted, a significant increase in MMP-9 was associated with a further decrease in TIMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Caimi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Universitá degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Eugenia Hopps
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Universitá degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Montana
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Universitá degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Carollo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Universitá degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Baldassare Canino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Universitá degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Lo Presti
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, Universitá degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Jan RL, Weng SF, Wang JJ, Chang YS. Association between chronic kidney disease and the most common corneal ectasia disease (keratoconus): a nationwide cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:109. [PMID: 33765939 PMCID: PMC7992838 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both keratoconus (KCN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are multifactorial conditions with multiple aetiologies and share several common pathophysiologies. However, the few studies that have described the relationship between KCN and CKD are limited to case reports and small case series. This study aimed to evaluate the association between KCN and CKD. METHODS The study cohort included 4,609 new-onset keratoconus patients ≥ 12 years identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, code 371.6 and recruited between 2004 and 2011 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched control group included 27,654 non-KCN patients, selected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, 2000. Information for each patient was collected and tracked from the index date until December 2013. The incidence and risk of CKD were compared between the two groups. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for CKD were calculated with Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the cumulative CKD incidence rate. RESULTS The incidence rate of CKD was 1.36 times higher in KCN patients than in controls without statistically significant difference (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.99-1.86, p = 0.06). In total, 29 male KCN patients and 90 male controls developed CKD during the follow-up period. The incidence rate of CKD was 1.92 times (95 % [CI] = 1.26-2.91; p = 0.002) higher in male KCN patients than in controls. After adjusting for potential confounders, including age, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus, male KCN patients were 1.75 times (adjusted HR = 1.75, 95 % [CI] = 1.14-2.68, p < 0.05) more likely to develop CKD. CONCLUSIONS We found that male KCN patients have an increased risk of CKD. Therefore, it is recommended that male KCN patients should be aware of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Long Jan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Weng
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Medical Informatics and Statistics, Office of R&D, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- AI Biomed Center, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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de Castro-Suárez N, Trame MN, Ramos-Suzarte M, Dávalos JM, Bacallao-Mendez RA, Maceo-Sinabele AR, Mangas-Sanjuán V, Reynaldo-Fernández G, Rodríguez-Vera L. Semi-Mechanistic Pharmacokinetic Model to Guide the Dose Selection of Nimotuzumab in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121147. [PMID: 33256255 PMCID: PMC7760646 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disease characterized by an overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Nimotuzumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against human EGFR. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for nimotuzumab and to identify demographic and clinical predictive factors of the pharmacokinetic variability. The population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) of nimotuzumab was characterized using a nonlinear mixed-effect modeling approach with NONMEM®. A total of 422 log-transformed concentration-versus-time datapoints from 20 patients enrolled in a single-center phase I clinical trial were used. Quasi steady state approximation of the full TMDD (target-mediated drug disposition) model with constant target concentration best described the concentration-time profiles. A turnover mediator was included which stimulates the non-specific clearance of mAb in the central compartment in order to explain the reduced levels at higher doses. Covariates had no influence on the PK (pharmacokinetics) parameters. The model was able to detect that the maximum effective dose in ADPKD subjects is 100 mg. The developed PopPK model may be used to guide the dose selection for nimotuzumab during routine clinical practice in patients with polycystic kidney disease. The model will further support the ongoing investigations of the PK/PD relationships of nimotuzumab to improve its therapeutic use in other disease areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niurys de Castro-Suárez
- Pharmacy Department, Institute of Food and Pharmacy, University of Havana, Havana 11300, Cuba; (N.d.C.-S.); (G.R.-F.); (L.R.-V.)
| | - Mirjam N. Trame
- AVROBIO Inc., Department of Translational Data Sciences and Advanced Analytics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | | | - José M. Dávalos
- National Institute of Nephrology (INEF), Havana 10400, Cuba; (J.M.D.); (R.A.B.-M.)
| | | | | | - Víctor Mangas-Sanjuán
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, Polytechnic University of Valencia, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3-49-6354-3351
| | - Gledys Reynaldo-Fernández
- Pharmacy Department, Institute of Food and Pharmacy, University of Havana, Havana 11300, Cuba; (N.d.C.-S.); (G.R.-F.); (L.R.-V.)
| | - Leyanis Rodríguez-Vera
- Pharmacy Department, Institute of Food and Pharmacy, University of Havana, Havana 11300, Cuba; (N.d.C.-S.); (G.R.-F.); (L.R.-V.)
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Selected Metal Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases as Potential Biomarkers for Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in Children with Unilateral Hydronephrosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:9520309. [PMID: 32670438 PMCID: PMC7341387 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9520309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis caused by congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) may lead to the development of obstructive nephropathy (ON) and the impairment of kidney function. Hence, the identification of early biomarkers of this condition might be of assistance in therapeutic decisions. This study evaluates serum and urinary metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 as potential biomarkers of ON in children with congenital unilateral hydronephrosis (HN) caused by UPJO. Forty-five (45) children with congenital HN of different grades of severity and twenty-one (21) healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Urinary and serum concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were measured using specific ELISA kits. The urinary excretions were expressed as biomarker/creatinine (Cr) ratios. To evaluate the extracellular matrix remodelling process activity, the serum and urinary MMP-1, -2, -9/TIMP-1, -2 ratios were also calculated. In comparison with the controls, patients with HN, independent of the grade, showed significantly increased median serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, median urinary MMP-9/Cr, and TIMP-2/Cr ratios. Lower median values of serum MMP-2/TIMP-1, MMP-9/TIMP-1 in patients with HN were also revealed. Additionally, higher urinary MMP-2/Cr, lower urinary MMP-2/TIMP-2, and lower serum MMP-9/TIMP-2 ratios were observed in patients with HN grades 3 and 4. Patients with ON diagnosed by renal scintigraphy had a significantly higher median serum MMP-9 concentration and lower median serum MMP-9/TIMP-1, -2 ratios in comparison with those without this condition. Patients with nonglomerular proteinuria had a significantly higher median serum TIMP-1 concentration, a higher median urinary TIMP-2/Cr ratio, and a lower serum MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio compared to those without this symptom. The relationship between the measured biomarkers and the relative function of the obstructed kidney showed no correlations. The ROC curve analysis showed a promising diagnostic profile for the detection of ON for serum MMP-9 and the serum MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-2 ratios. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that patients with HN, particularly with grades 3 and 4, are at higher risk of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The noninvasive markers of this condition considered are urinary MMP-2/Cr and MMP-9/Cr, serum MMP-9, serum and urinary MMP-2, MMP-9/TIMP-1, -2. Additionally, serum MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1, -2 may become promising markers of ON.
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Lourenço BN, Coleman AE, Tarigo JL, Berghaus RD, Brown CA, Rissi DR, Stanton JB, Brown SA, Schmiedt CW. Evaluation of profibrotic gene transcription in renal tissues from cats with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1476-1487. [PMID: 32468592 PMCID: PMC7379026 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased gene transcription of hypoxia-induced mediators of fibrosis in renal tissue has been identified in experimentally induced, ischemic chronic kidney disease (CKD). OBJECTIVE To characterize hypoxia-induced profibrotic pathways in naturally occurring CKD in cats. ANIMALS Twelve client-owned cats with CKD and 8 healthy control cats. METHODS In this prospective, cross-sectional study, bilateral renal tissue samples were assessed histologically for inflammation, tubular atrophy, and fibrosis, and by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR for characterization of transcript levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1A), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP2), -7 (MMP7), and -9 (MMP9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA). Linear mixed models were used to compare gene transcription between diseased and healthy kidneys, and to examine the association between transcript levels and serum creatinine concentration for all cats, and between transcript levels and histologic scores of diseased kidneys. RESULTS Kidneys from cats with CKD had significantly higher transcript levels of HIF1A, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, TIMP1, and TGFB1 (all P < .001), and lower levels of VEGFA (P = .006) than those from control cats. Transcript levels of MMP7 (P = .05) and TIMP1 (P = .005) were positively associated with serum creatinine in cats with CKD, but not in control cats. In diseased kidneys, transcript levels of MMP2 (P = .002), MMP7 (P = .02), and TIMP1 (P = .02) were positively, whereas those of VEGFA (P = .003) were negatively, associated with histologic score severity. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Evaluation of the expression of the corresponding proteins in larger populations could identify therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca N Lourenço
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amanda E Coleman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jaime L Tarigo
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Roy D Berghaus
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Cathy A Brown
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - James B Stanton
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott A Brown
- Departments of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery and Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Chad W Schmiedt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Yu XA, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Bai X, Gu L, Gao H, Li R, Tian J, Yu BY. Integrating the Polydopamine Nanosphere/Aptamers Nanoplatform with a DNase-I-Assisted Recycling Amplification Strategy for Simultaneous Detection of MMP-9 and MMP-2 during Renal Interstitial Fibrosis. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1119-1125. [PMID: 32192327 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) play important roles in the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). There is an increasing demand to construct a novel method for the simultaneous detection of MMP-9 and MMP-2 to monitor the progression of RIF. Herein, a strategy based on the nanoplatform composed of the polydopamine nanosphere and fluorescence-labeled aptamers is developed to simultaneously detect MMP-9 and MMP-2 with DNase-I-assisted recycling signal amplification. In the light of tracing the recovered fluorescence intensity at 520 and 610 nm upon adding MMP-9 and MMP-2, the increased fluorescence intensity is linear to the different concentrations of MMP-9 and MMP-2 with the detection limits of 9.6 and 25.6 pg/mL for MMP-9 and MMP-2, respectively. More intriguingly, the results of unilateral ureteral obstruction mice show that the concentration of MMP-9 in urine is increased with the extension of ligation time while the concentration of MMP-2 is reversed, indicating that the ratio of MMP-9 to MMP-2 could be considered as the potential urinary biomarker to evaluate the progress of RIF and the therapeutic effect of Huangkui capsule on RIF. Therefore, this study provides a paradigmatic strategy for the simultaneous detection of the dual markers of RIF, which is promising for the auxiliary clinical diagnosis and assessment of the prognosis of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie-an Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Lifei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Han Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Renshi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Jiangwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
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Zakiyanov O, Kalousová M, Zima T, Tesař V. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Renal Diseases: A Critical Appraisal. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:298-330. [PMID: 31185475 DOI: 10.1159/000499876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases within the metzincin protein family that not only cleave extracellular matrix (ECM) components, but also process the non-ECM molecules, including various growth factors and their binding proteins. MMPs participate in cell to ECM interactions, and MMPs are known to be involved in cell proliferation mechanisms and most probably apoptosis. These proteinases are grouped into six classes: collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane type MMPs, and other MMPs. Various mechanisms regulate the activity of MMPs, inhibition by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases being the most important. In the kidney, intrinsic glomerular cells and tubular epithelial cells synthesize several MMPs. The measurement of circulating MMPs can provide valuable information in patients with kidney diseases. They play an important role in many renal diseases, both acute and chronic. This review attempts to summarize the current knowledge of MMPs in the kidney and discusses recent data from patient and animal studies with reference to specific diseases. A better understanding of the MMPs' role in renal remodeling may open the way to new interventions favoring deleterious renal changes in a number of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Zakiyanov
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia,
| | - Marta Kalousová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Tesař
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Abstract
The main cellular constituents in glomerular mesangium are mesangial cells, which account for approximately 30-40% of the total cells in the glomerulus. Together with the mesangial matrix, mesangial cells form the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in the glomerulus, whose main function is to perform the filtration. Under the pathologic conditions, mesangial cells are activated, leading to hyperproliferation and excess extracellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, mesangial cells also secrete several kinds of inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, chemokines, and enzymes, all of which participate in the process of renal glomerular fibrosis. During the past years, researchers have revealed the roles of mesangial cells and the associated signal pathways involved in renal fibrosis. In this section, we will discuss how mesangial cells are activated and its contributions to renal fibrosis, as well as the molecular mechanisms and novel anti-fibrotic agents. Full understanding of the contributions of mesangial cells to renal fibrosis will benefit the clinical drug developing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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14
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García-Tejeda AU, Sampieri CL, Suárez-Torres I, Morales-Romero J, Demeneghi-Marini VP, Hernández-Hernández ME, Rodríguez-Hernández A. Association of urinary activity of MMP-9 with renal impairment in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6067. [PMID: 30564523 PMCID: PMC6286807 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). An early event in diabetic kidney disease is alteration of the glomerular basement membrane and the mesangial expansion. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of endopeptidases responsible for controlling the pathophysiological remodeling of tissues, including renal tissues. MMP-9 in human urine has been proposed as a marker of diabetic nephropathy and urinary tract infections (UTI). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who receive first level medical attention in Mexico. We used ELISA to measure MMP-9 levels in the urine of subjects with T2DM ≥ 18 years of age, who fulfilled the clinical requirements for calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), according to the K/DOQI guide, in an attempt to identify whether MMP-9 levels in T2DM differ in patients with and without renal impairment. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed in order to identify the association between MMP-9 and renal impairment. RESULTS Included in the study were 34 (45%) subjects with renal impairment and 42 (55%) without. In the group with renal impairment, 10 subjects corresponded to stages 1-2 and 24 subjects corresponded to stage 3, according to their values of GFR and urinary albumin, following that proposed by the K/DOQI. No differences were found relating to sex, age, having or not having a partner, education, being able to read and write a message and duration of T2DM. Moreover, no differences were found between the groups in terms of weight, height, body mass index, waist size in general and frequency of UTI. In contrast, serum creatinine and urinary albumin were higher in the group with renal impairment, while GFR was greater in the group without renal impairment. Levels of MMP-9 were greater in women compared to men. Through univariate analysis in the general population, the presence of MMP-9 and that of its percentile 90 (P90) P90 were associated with the renal impairment group; however, in patients without UTI, only the presence of MMP-9 was associated with the renal impairment group, and no association was found with its P90. Multivariate analysis revealed an association between MMP-9 and its P90 with renal impairment. DISCUSSION It is necessary to validate sensitive and non-invasive biological markers of CKD. We demonstrate that the presence and P90 of urinary MMP-9 are associated with renal impairment in Mexican patients with T2DM. While high levels of MMP-9 were associated to females and UTI, the presence of UTI was not associated with the incidence of renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Luz Sampieri
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Irene Suárez-Torres
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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Bieniaś B, Sikora P. Urinary metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as potential early biomarkers for renal fibrosis in children with nephrotic syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9964. [PMID: 29465592 PMCID: PMC5841961 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic glomerulopathies, renal fibrosis (RF) results from extracellular matrix remodeling processes regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP). We assessed urinary (u-) and serum (s-) MMP-1, -2, -9, TIMP-1, -2 concentrations and MMP-1, -2, -9/TIMP-1, -2 ratios in children with nephrotic syndrome. Steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant nephrotic patients (SDNS-Ps and SRNS-Ps, respectively) were compared with respect to measured parameters. The correlations of measured parameters with magnitude of proteinuria and histopathological diagnosis were determined.The study comprised of 39 children with nephrotic syndrome and 20 healthy controls. Twenty-three patients had SDNS and 16 ones-SRNS. The concentrations MMPs and TIMPs were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.In nephrotic patients, higher u-MMP-1, -2, -9/creatinine ratios and u-TIMP-1, -2/creatinine ratios were observed as compared with controls. Nephrotic children were also characterized by lower MMP-1, -2, -9/TIMP-1 ratios. In SRNS-Ps, u-MMP-2/creatinine ratio and u-TIMP-1/creatinine ratio were higher as compared with SDNS-Ps. Magnitude of proteinuria correlated positively with u-MMP-2/creatinine ratio and negatively with u-MMP-2/TIMP-1. In minimal change disease (MCD) patients as compared with those with other glomerulopathies, there was higher u-MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio. No significant differences in s-MMPs, s-TIMPs, and s-MMPs/TIMPs ratios between nephrotic patients and controls were observed.Children with nephrotic syndrome are characterized by increased u-fibrotic biomarkers excretions. U-MMP-1, -2, -9 excretions and u-MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio may become potential early biomarkers for RF. SRNS-Ps, those with heavier proteinuria and other than MCD glomerulopathies, seem to be more susceptible to early RF.
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16
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Parrish AR. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Kidney Disease: Role in Pathogenesis and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:31-65. [PMID: 28662825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are large family of proteinases. In addition to a fundamental role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, they also cleave a number of cell surface proteins and are involved in multiple cellular processes. MMP activity is regulated via numerous mechanisms, including inhibition by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Similar to MMPs, a role for TIMPs has been established in multiple cell signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of MMPs and TIMPS in renal pathophysiology has long been recognized, and with the generation of specific knockout mice, the mechanistic role of several MMPs and TIMPs is becoming more understood and has revealed both pathogenic and protective roles. This chapter will focus on the expression and localization of MMPs and TIMPs in the kidney, as well as summarizing the current information linking these proteins to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. In addition, we will summarize studies suggesting that MMPs and TIMPs may be biomarkers of renal dysfunction and represent novel therapeutic targets to attenuate kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Parrish
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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17
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Han J, Liang H, Yi J, Tan W, He S, Wu X, Shi X, Ma J, Guo X. Selenium deficiency induced damages and altered expressions of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors (MMP1/3, TIMP1/3) in the kidneys of growing rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 34:1-9. [PMID: 26854238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element for the maintenance of structures and functions of kidney. To evaluate the effects of low selenium on the kidneys of growing rats, newborn rats were fed with selenium deficient and normal diets respectively for 109 days. As a result, rats fed with low selenium diets resulted in a decline in the body weight and the concentration of selenium in the kidney, especially the male rats from the low selenium groups. Moreover, the ultrastructure of glomerulus and tubules were damaged in low selenium group: the glomeruli were observed with hyperplasia of mesangial cells, fusion of podocyte foot processes and thickening of basement membrane; and the tubules were observed with vacuolar degenerated epithelial cells, increased edema fluid or protein solution between cells, microvilli edema, increased cell gaps and decreased cell links. Furthermore, the pathological changes in selenium deficient group included the increase of fibers around renal hilum aorta and in the renal collecting duct, and shed of cells in the proximal convoluted tubules. In addition, up-regulated expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1/3) and down-regulated expressions of their inhibitors (TIMP1/3) at the mRNA and protein levels were also appeared to be relevant to low selenium. The results suggested that low selenium in diet may cause low selenium concentration in the kidney of growing rat and lead to damages of the ultrastructure and extracellular matrix (ECM) of kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology, The first Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Jianhua Yi
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Wuhong Tan
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Shulan He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
| | - Xiaofang Wu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Preventive Health Care, The first Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai 811602, PR China.
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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Gluba-Brzózka A, Michalska-Kasiczak M, Franczyk B, Nocuń M, Toth P, Banach M, Rysz J. Markers of increased atherosclerotic risk in patients with chronic kidney disease: a preliminary study. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:22. [PMID: 26843213 PMCID: PMC4739105 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is rising continuously. Cardiovascular disease is among leading causes of death and premature mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease. Even the earliest stages of chronic kidney disease are associated with higher risk of subsequent coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to determine markers of increased risk of atherosclerosis in CKD. METHODS The study group consisted of a total of 80 patients (20 patients with stage I/II CKD, 20 with stage III CKD, 20 stage IV CKD and 20 stage V/dialysis) and 24 healthy volunteers. Levels of proteins (osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein, fetuin A, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2) and biochemical parameters were measured to analyse their influence on atherosclerosis risk in CKD patients. Cardiac echocardiography was performed to assess structural integrity and function, presence of left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic and diastolic function dysfunction. RESULTS This study shows that the prevalence of ventricular hypertrophy (95.3 %) and diastolic dysfunction (93.2 %) in CKD patients is high. Also E/E' ratio was significantly higher (13.6 ± 4.4, p = 0.001), tricuspid insufficiency (27.3 in CKD I/II vs. 71.4 in CKD V, p = 0.016), contractile dysfunction (33.3 in CKD I/II vs. 78.9 in CKD V, p = 0.040), mitral valve calcification (0 in CKD I/II vs. 28.6 in CKD V, p = 0.044) and aortic valve calcification (0 in CKD I/II vs. 61.9 in CKD V, p = 0.0008) were significantly more frequent in patients with CKD stage V/dialysis than in other groups. Only MMP-2, MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio and TIMP-1 differed significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS This study shows high prevalence of ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in CKD patients. Contractile dysfunction, mitral and aortic valve calcification in HD patients were significantly more frequent than in patients with other CKD stages. Significantly increased levels of MMP-2, MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio and lower TIMP-1 suggests that these factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, WAM University Hospital of Lodz, Poland, Żeromskiego 113, 90-549, Łódź, Poland.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marta Michalska-Kasiczak
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland, Żeromskiego 113, 90-549, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, WAM University Hospital of Lodz, Poland, Żeromskiego 113, 90-549, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Marek Nocuń
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland, Św. Teresy od Dzieciątka Jezus 8, 91-348, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Peter Toth
- Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA.
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland, Żeromskiego 113, 90-549, Łódź, Poland.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, WAM University Hospital of Lodz, Poland, Żeromskiego 113, 90-549, Łódź, Poland.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Lu LC, Yang CW, Hsieh WY, Chuang WH, Lin YC, Lin CS. Decreases in plasma MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios in uremic patients during hemodialysis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2015; 20:934-942. [PMID: 26711243 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-015-1221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) play important roles in the pathophysiology of renal diseases. Imbalanced MMPs/TIMPs are implicated in the vascular alterations of uremic patients on hemodialysis (HD). We have investigated the plasma levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in uremic patients and the effects of a course of HD on the changes in these factors. METHODS There were 382 uremic patients on regular HD treatment and 50 healthy controls enrolled in this study. The plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were detected by gelatin zymography, and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 concentrations were determined by ELISA assay. RESULTS Significantly higher plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 and decreased TIMP-1 in the uremic patients were detected compared with those in the controls. Therefore, there were markedly higher MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios in the uremic patients. In the course of a single HD session, the plasma MMP-2 level was significantly decreased from pre-HD to post-HD. TIMP-1 concentration was significantly increased from pre-HD to post-HD. Although the HD session did not have a significant effect on the levels of plasma MMP-9 and TIMP-2, both plasma MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were significantly decreased from pre-HD to post-HD levels. CONCLUSION HD session could decrease MMP-2 and increase TIMP-1 level in the circulation of uremic patients. The physiological significance of reduced MMPs/TIMPs ratio due to a single HD session is required to further validate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Che Lu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, No. 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wei Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, No. 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yeh Hsieh
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chuang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, No. 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, No. 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, No. 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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20
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Hsiao KC, Tsai JP, Yang SF, Lee WC, Huang JY, Chang SC, Hso CS, Chang HR. MMP-2 serum concentrations predict mortality in hemodialysis patients: a 5-year cohort study. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 452:161-6. [PMID: 26612771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the ability of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, myeloperoxidase, osteopontin and stromal cell-derived factor 1 to predict mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS One hundred forty HD patients were enrolled and followed from December 2007 until December 2012. At the end of this 5-year period, data were compared between the patients who were alive and those who had died. RESULTS The patients who alive were younger (56 vs. 63y), with lower frequency of diabetes mellitus (34.34% vs. 58.53%), higher concentrations of albumin (4.13 vs. 3.91mg/dl) and lower concentrations of MMP-2 (430.76 vs. 521.59ng/ml). Multivariate analysis showed that age (HR=1.03, p=0.02), diabetes mellitus (HR=2.395, p=0.012), albumin (HR=0.475, p=0.047) and MMP-2 (HR=1.003, p=0.005) were independent factors predicting mortality in HD patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that albumin (AUC=0.628, p=0.027) and MMP-2 (AUC=0.643, p=0.004) had a similar ability (p=0.76) to predict survival of HD patients. CONCLUSIONS Compared with albumin, serum MMP-2 is a non-inferior prognostic marker for predicting the survival of HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chih Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- Department of Nephrology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Yu Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chi Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shuo Hso
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Rong Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Musiał K, Bargenda A, Zwolińska D. Urine survivin, E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinases as novel biomarkers in children with chronic kidney disease. Biomarkers 2015; 20:177-82. [PMID: 26155824 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1061598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) leads to renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of survivin, E-cadherin and metalloproteinases (MMPs) as biomarkers of CKD-related complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS Survivin, E-cadherin, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TGFbeta1 were assessed by ELISA in 41 children with CKD stages 3 to 5 and in 23 controls. RESULTS The serum and urine values of analyzed parameters were significantly elevated in CKD patients versus controls and correlated with each other. CONCLUSIONS The observed parameter changes indicate apoptosis, tissue remodeling and fibrosis in CKD children. Urine survivin may become a new biomarker of kidney-specific EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Musiał
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Wrocław Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
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Musiał K, Bargenda A, Zwolińska D. Urine matrix metalloproteinases and their extracellular inducer EMMPRIN in children with chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2015; 37:980-4. [PMID: 25945606 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor (TGF)beta1 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an essential role in CKD-related tissue remodeling. However, there are no data on urine MMPs and their extracellular inducer EMMPRIN in CKD patients. The aim of study was to assess the concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, EMMPRIN and TGFbeta1 in serum and urine of CKD children and to analyze the potential relations between those parameters. METHODS Forty-one pre-dialysis CKD children and 23 age-matched controls were enrolled in the study. The concentrations of analyzed parameters were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS Serum and urine values of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, EMMPRIN and TGFbeta1 were significantly elevated in CKD patients versus controls. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in urine correlated significantly with the corresponding values in serum, whereas MMP-7, EMMPRIN and TGFbeta1 urine concentrations did not. There were also significant correlations between urine values of all parameters. CONCLUSIONS The increased urine levels of MMPs, EMMPRIN and TGFbeta1 indicate enhanced proteolysis and renal tissue remodeling. In the case of MMP-7, EMMPRIN and TGFbeta1 those disturbances seem independent of enhanced serum activity of the corresponding enzymes. The urine MMP-7 and EMMPRIN concentrations may serve as new independent indices of tissue remodeling and renal interstitial fibrosis in children with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Musiał
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Wrocław Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bargenda
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Wrocław Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Danuta Zwolińska
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Wrocław Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
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Gounder VK, Arumugam S, Arozal W, Thandavarayan RA, Pitchaimani V, Harima M, Suzuki K, Nomoto M, Watanabe K. Olmesartan protects against oxidative stress possibly through the Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibits inflammation in daunorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 18:282-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Novel indicators of fibrosis-related complications in children with chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 430:15-9. [PMID: 24389099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor growth factor (TGF)β1 initiates renal fibrosis, whereas matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), adhesion molecules and heat shock proteins (hsps) may act in further stages of this process. The aim of this study was to assess the concentrations of Hsp90α, sE-selectin, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TGFβ1 in children with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their role as markers of fibrosis. METHODS 80 children with CKD stages 1-5 and 30 controls were enrolled in the study. Serum concentrations of examined parameters were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS Median values of all markers were significantly elevated in CKD patients vs. controls. sE-selectin and MMP-2 concentrations kept growing from the beginning of renal failure progression. TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TGFβ1 levels remained unchanged in the late CKD stages, whereas Hsp90α concentrations decreased significantly in CKD stage 5. All parameters, except for MMP-2, correlated with TGFβ1, but the strongest predictive value was seen in the case of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. CONCLUSIONS The increased concentrations of examined parameters indicate enhanced cell damage, inflammation and aggravation of proteolytic processes in CKD children. Variability in behavior of selected markers and existing correlations point at the complexity of relations between different elements responsible for the fibrosis puzzle.
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Wang L, Wang J, Wang Y, Fu Q, Lei YH, Nie ZY, Qiu J, Bao TY. Protective effect of exogenous matrix metalloproteinase-9 on chronic renal failure. Exp Ther Med 2013; 7:329-334. [PMID: 24396399 PMCID: PMC3881041 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have pivotal functions in extracellular matrix turnover and are involved in chronic kidney diseases. However, the exact functions of MMPs in chronic renal failure (CRF) have yet to be demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of MMP-9 on CRF. An adenine-induced model of CRF was generated in rabbits. Following the injection of MMP-9 into the renal arteries of the rabbits, significant improvements in renal morphology and serum levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen were observed. Furthermore, MMP-9 administration was shown to decrease the serum TIMP-1 concentration and upregulate renal MMP-9 expression. These results demonstrate a directly protective role for MMP-9 in CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hua Lei
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Nie
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Tenth Hospital of PLA, Wuwei, Gansu 733000, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Qiu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Yi Bao
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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26
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Hsu TW, Kuo KL, Hung SC, Huang PH, Chen JW, Tarng DC. Progression of kidney disease in non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease: predictive role of circulating matrix metalloproteinase-2, -3, and -9. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70132. [PMID: 23922934 PMCID: PMC3724836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -3 and -9 are well recognized in predicting cardiovascular outcome in coronary artery disease (CAD), but their risks for chronic kidney disease (CKD) are lacking. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether circulating MMP levels could independently predict future kidney disease progression in non-diabetic CAD patients. Methods The prospective study enrolled 251 non-diabetic subjects referred for coronary angiography, containing normal coronary artery (n = 30) and CAD with insignificant (n = 95) and significant (n = 126) stenosis. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI formula. eGFR decline rate was calculated and the primary endpoint was a decline in eGFR over 25% from baseline. Results The eGFR decline rate (ml/min/1.73 m2 per year) in patients with CAD (1.22 [−1.27, 1.05]) was greater than that in those with normal coronary artery (0.21 [−2.63, 0.47], P<0.01). The circulating MMP-2, -3 and -9 were independently associated with faster eGFR decline among CAD patients. The mean follow-up period was 8.5±2.4 years, and 39 patients reached the primary endpoint. In multivariate Cox regression model, the adjusted hazard ratios of MMP-2 ≥861 ng/mL, MMP-3 ≥227 ng/mL and MMP-9 ≥49 ng/mL for predicting CKD progression were 2.47 (95% CI, 1.21 to 5.07), 2.15 (1.12 to 4.18), and 4.71 (2.14 to 10.4), respectively. While added to a model of conventional risk factors and baseline eGFR, MMP-2, -3 and -9 further significantly improved the model predictability for CKD progression (c statistic, 0.817). In the sensitivity analyses, the results were similar no matter if we changed the endpoints of a decline of >20% in eGFR from baseline or final eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Conclusion Circulating MMP-2, -3 and -9 are independently associated with kidney disease progression in non-diabetic CAD patients and add incremental predictive power to conventional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Wei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Lin Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi Hospital Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chun Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi Hospital Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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27
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Okada R, Kawai S, Naito M, Hishida A, Hamajima N, Shinchi K, Chowdhury Turin T, Suzuki S, Mantjoro EM, Toyomura K, Arisawa K, Kuriyama N, Hosono S, Mikami H, Kubo M, Tanaka H, Wakai K. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene polymorphisms and chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 2012; 36:444-50. [PMID: 23128247 DOI: 10.1159/000343742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the associations between the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and polymorphisms in the genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). MMPs degrade extracellular matrix proteins in the glomerulus, and play important roles in kidney disease progression. METHODS DNA samples from 3,309 subjects aged 35-69 years were genotyped for 10 potentially functional polymorphisms in MMP and TIMP genes. The prevalence of CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) was compared among the genotypes. RESULTS The prevalence of CKD decreased significantly with the number of minor alleles in MMP9 C-1562T (odds ratios (ORs) 0.77 for CT and 0.65 for TT compared with CC; p for trend = 0.023) and MMP9 R668Q (ORs, 0.79 for RQ and 0.64 for QQ compared with RR; p for trend = 0.024). The haplotype MMP9 -1562T/279R/668Q showed a reduced risk for CKD compared with the most common -1562C/279R/668R (OR 0.77, p = 0.008), and the genotype combination -1562TT/ 279RR/668QQ showed a halved risk for CKD compared with major allele homozygous -1562CC/279RR/668RR (OR 0.53, p = 0.091). CONCLUSION The potentially functional polymorphisms of MMP9 were associated with the prevalence of CKD in a large Japanese population. These genotypes have been reported to increase MMP9 expression, supporting the hypothesis that MMP-9 has a protective role in the progression of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Tsai JP, Liou JH, Kao WT, Wang SC, Lian JD, Chang HR. Increased expression of intranuclear matrix metalloproteinase 9 in atrophic renal tubules is associated with renal fibrosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48164. [PMID: 23110201 PMCID: PMC3480489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced turnover of extracellular matrix has a role in renal fibrosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is associated with many glomerular diseases, but the histological association of MMPs and human renal fibrosis is unclear. METHODS This is a retrospective study. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for the review of patients' medical records, data analysis and pathological specimens staining with waiver of informed consents. Specimens of forty-six patients were examined by immunohistochemical stain of MMP-9 in nephrectomized kidneys, and the association of renal expression of MMP-9 and renal fibrosis was determined. MMP-9 expression in individual renal components and fibrosis was graded as high or low based on MMP-9 staining and fibrotic scores. RESULTS Patients with high interstitial fibrosis scores (IFS) and glomerular fibrosis scores (GFS) had significantly higher serum creatinine, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and were more likely to have chronic kidney disease (CKD) and urothelial cell carcinoma. Univariate analysis showed that IFS and GFS were negatively associated with normal and atrophic tubular cytoplasmic MMP-9 expression and IFS was positively correlated with atrophic tubular nuclear MMP-9 expression. Multivariate stepwise regression indicated that MMP-9 expression in atrophic tubular nuclei (r = 0.4, p = 0.002) was an independent predictor of IFS, and that MMP-9 expression in normal tubular cytoplasm (r = -0.465, p<0.001) was an independent predictor of GFS. CONCLUSIONS Interstitial fibrosis correlated with MMP-9 expression in the atrophic tubular nuclei. Our results indicate that renal fibrosis is associated with a decline of MMP-9 expression in the cytoplasm of normal tubular cells and increased expression of MMP-9 in the nuclei of tubular atrophic renal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Pi Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hung Liou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-The Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tse Kao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chung Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Da Lian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Rong Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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29
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Kuroda T, Masui M, Notoya M, Ito M, Tamura Y, Okamoto H, Kanaoka E, Shinosaki T. Renoprotective action of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor in progressive mesangioproliferative nephritis. NEPHRON EXTRA 2012; 2:133-46. [PMID: 22739248 PMCID: PMC3383302 DOI: 10.1159/000338801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play pivotal roles in extracellular matrix turnover and are involved in chronic kidney disease. The renoprotective action of a synthetic MMP inhibitor, compound A, was investigated in chronic nephritis. Methods Nephritis was induced by a single injection of anti-Thy1.1 antibody to unilaterally nephrectomized rats. The effects of compound A on proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen, and matrix-related gene expressions were evaluated. Collagen accumulation, as assessed by periodic acid-Schiff staining and hydroxyproline content, was determined. The integrity of glomerular epithelial cells and glomerular basement membrane was evaluated with desmin immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic detection of anionic charge sites, respectively. Results Treatment with compound A notably attenuated proteinuria, ameliorated blood urea nitrogen, and prevented glomerulosclerosis. Gene upregulation of collagen and transforming growth factor β1 in the cortex was prevented in the treated animals. Glomerular epithelial cell injury was milder, and glomerular basement membrane anionic sites were protected with the treatment. Conclusion A novel MMP inhibitor, compound A, exerts protective effects in progressive glomerulonephritis. Compound A ameliorates various aspects of renal injuries and may have therapeutic potential toward kidney diseases.
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30
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Rouse R, Siwy J, Mullen W, Mischak H, Metzger J, Hanig J. Proteomic candidate biomarkers of drug-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34606. [PMID: 22509332 PMCID: PMC3324487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved biomarkers of acute nephrotoxicity are coveted by the drug development industry, regulatory agencies, and clinicians. In an effort to identify such biomarkers, urinary peptide profiles of rats treated with two different nephrotoxins were investigated. 493 marker candidates were defined that showed a significant response to cis-platin comparing a cis-platin treated cohort to controls. Next, urine samples from rats that received three consecutive daily doses of 150 or 300 mg/kg gentamicin were examined. 557 potential biomarkers were initially identified; 108 of these gentamicin-response markers showed a clear temporal response to treatment. 39 of the cisplatin-response markers also displayed a clear response to gentamicin. Of the combined 147 peptides, 101 were similarly regulated by gentamicin or cis-platin and 54 could be identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Most were collagen type I and type III fragments up-regulated in response to gentamicin treatment. Based on these peptides, classification models were generated and validated in a longitudinal study. In agreement with histopathology, the observed changes in classification scores were transient, initiated after the first dose, and generally persistent over a period of 10–20 days before returning to control levels. The data support the hypothesis that gentamicin-induced renal toxicity up-regulates protease activity, resulting in an increase in several specific urinary collagen fragments. Urinary proteomic biomarkers identified here, especially those common to both nephrotoxins, may serve as a valuable tool to investigate potential new drug candidates for the risk of nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Rouse
- Division of Drug Safety Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America.
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Marson BP, Poli de Figueiredo CE, Tanus-Santos JE. Imbalanced matrix metalloproteinases in cardiovascular complications of end-stage kidney disease: a potential pharmacological target. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 110:409-15. [PMID: 22313633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a major health problem associated with very high morbidity and mortality secondary to cardiovascular complications, especially in ESKD patients on dialysis. Therefore, exploring key mechanisms underlying cardiovascular alterations associated with ESKD may offer reasonable pharmacological targets that may benefit these patients. Imbalanced matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) activities have been implicated in many cardiovascular diseases, and growing evidence now indicates that excessive MMP activities contribute to cardiovascular complications in ESKD patients. However, there is no study on the effects of MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) in such patients. MMPIs may prevent against the vascular and cardiac changes associated with ESKD. In this MiniReview, we aimed at reviewing current evidence supporting the idea that pharmacological inhibition of imbalanced MMP activities in ESKD may decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular complications in ESKD patients. However, MMPs have variable effects during different phases of kidney disease, and therefore optimal timing for MMP inhibition during a disease process may vary significantly and is largely undetermined. While current research shows that MMPs play a role in the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular alterations found in ESKD patients, clinical studies are required to validate the idea of using MMPIs in ESKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo P Marson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bespalova IN, Angelo GW, Ritter BP, Hunter J, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Siever LJ, Silverman JM. Genetic variations in the ADAMTS12 gene are associated with schizophrenia in Puerto Rican patients of Spanish descent. Neuromolecular Med 2012; 14:53-64. [PMID: 22322903 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-012-8169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ADAMTS12 belongs to the family of metalloproteinases that mediate a communication between specific cell types and play a key role in the regulation of normal tissue development, remodeling, and degradation. Members of this family have been implicated in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory, as well as in muscular-skeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory and renal diseases, and cancer. Several metalloproteinases have been associated with schizophrenia. In our previous study of the pedigree from a genetic isolate of Spanish origin in Puerto Rico, we identified a schizophrenia susceptibility locus on chromosome 5p13 containing ADAMTS12. This gene, therefore, is not only a functional but also a positional candidate gene for susceptibility to the disorder. In order to examine possible involvement of ADAMTS12 in schizophrenia, we performed mutation analysis of the coding, 5'- and 3'-untranslated, and putative promoter regions of the gene in affected members of the pedigree and identified 18 sequence variants segregated with schizophrenia. We then tested these variants in 135 unrelated Puerto Rican schizophrenia patients of Spanish origin and 203 controls and identified the intronic variant rs256792 (P = 0.0035; OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.16-2.17) and the two-SNP haplotype rs256603-rs256792 (P = 0.0023; OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.19-2.21) associated with the disorder. The association remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Our data support the hypothesis that genetic variations in ADAMTS12 influence the risk of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N Bespalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Czech KA, Bennett M, Devarajan P. Distinct metalloproteinase excretion patterns in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Pediatr Nephrol 2011; 26:2179-84. [PMID: 21720805 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-011-1897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) degrade type IV collagen, and represent important tissue remodeling enzymes in several kidney disorders. In this study, we measured urinary levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in patients with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS, n = 18, median age 5) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, n = 16, median age 15). We found that urinary concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were significantly elevated in FSGS patients as compared to SSNS in both relapse and remission (p < 0.002). Furthermore, urinary levels of these enzymes are increased early on in the FSGS disease process (chronic kidney disease stages 1 and 2). The findings from this pilot study suggest that MMPs and TIMPs have the potential to represent candidate, early non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and/or response to therapy. In addition, they may represent therapeutic targets for preventing chronic kidney disease progression in FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Czech
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7022, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Mazanowska O, Kamińska D, Krajewska M, Żabińska M, Kopeć W, Boratyńska M, Chudoba P, Patrzalek D, Klinger M. Imbalance of Metallaproteinase/Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase System in Renal Transplant Recipients With Chronic Allograft Injury. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:3000-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Briet M, Collin C, Karras A, Laurent S, Bozec E, Jacquot C, Stengel B, Houillier P, Froissart M, Boutouyrie P. Arterial remodeling associates with CKD progression. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:967-74. [PMID: 21493771 PMCID: PMC3083318 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010080863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In CKD, large arteries remodel and become increasingly stiff. The greater pulsatile pressure reaching the glomerulus as a result of increased aortic stiffness could induce renal damage, suggesting that the stiffening and remodeling of large arteries could affect the progression of CKD. We measured carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, aortic pressure and carotid remodeling and stiffness parameters in 180 patients with CKD (mean measured GFR, 32 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) and followed them prospectively for a mean of 3.1 years. During follow-up, carotid stiffness significantly increased (+0.28 ± 0.05 m/s; P<0.0001) but aortic stiffness did not. Carotid intima-media thickness decreased significantly during follow-up and the internal diameter of the carotid increased, producing increased circumferential wall stress (+2.08 ± 0.43 kPa/yr; P<0.0001). In a linear mixed model, circumferential wall stress significantly associated with faster GFR decline after adjustment for risk factors of cardiovascular disease and progression of CKD. In a multivariable Cox model, carotid circumferential wall stress and pulse pressure independently associated with higher risk for ESRD. None of the arterial stiffness parameters associated with progression of CKD. In conclusion, maladaptive remodeling of the carotid artery and increased pulse pressure independently associate with faster decline of renal function and progression to ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Briet
- Department of Pharmacology and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U970-PARCC, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France;
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Pawlak K, Mysliwiec M, Pawlak D. Peripheral blood level alterations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative treatment and on hemodialysis. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:838-43. [PMID: 21515251 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.03.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data concerning the levels of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in uremia and dialysis are conflicting and incomplete. DESIGN AND METHODS We measured the serum MMP levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD), and we tried to identify factors that could affect their levels. RESULTS MMP-2 and the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were inversely correlated with hematological parameters in the whole CKD group. CKD patients with stages 3+4 showed a significant increase in the MMP-9 levels compared to the other studied groups; this metalloproteinase was inversely correlated with lymphocyte count, and positively correlated with the hsCRP. The MMP-2 levels were higher in pre and post HD patients compared to the control group and CKD stage 1+2. In contrast, there was no difference in the MMP-9 levels. Both MMP-2 and MMP-9 were associated with the leukocyte count in pre HD group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a connection between an inflammatory state, biochemical response and the MMP levels in uremic and dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland.
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Fontana V, Silva PS, Belo VA, Antonio RC, Ceron CS, Biagi C, Gerlach RF, Tanus-Santos JE. Consistent alterations of circulating matrix metalloproteinases levels in untreated hypertensives and in spontaneously hypertensive rats: a relevant pharmacological target. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 109:130-7. [PMID: 21401887 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inconsistent matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) levels have been reported in hypertension, with higher, similar and lower MMPs levels reported in hypertensives compared with normotensives. Differences between studies may reflect lack of control of drug effects, accompanying diseases and pre-analytical issues. We compared MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 levels in 38 untreated hypertensive patients (with no other diseases) with those found in 33 normotensive controls. We also studied endogenous MMPs inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and alpha-2-macroglobulin-A2M). Additionally, we assessed MMPs and A2M levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. We hypothesized that similar MMPs/endogenous inhibitors' profiles would be found in this animal model of hypertension and in clinical hypertension. MMPs, TIMPs and A2M were measured in plasma samples with commercially available ELISA and gelatin zymography. We found unaltered MMP-2, MMP-8, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and A2M levels in hypertension. However, hypertensives had higher MMP-9 levels and MMP-9/A2M ratios than normotensives. Moreover, while we found similar MMP-2 and A2M levels in SHR and WKY rats, we found higher MMP-9 levels and MMP-9/A2M ratios in SHR versus WKY rats. These findings show consistent abnormal net plasma MMP-9 (but not MMP-2) activity in clinical and experimental hypertension. These parallel alterations in clinical hypertension and in SHR suggest an important role for MMPs in hypertension. While MMPs may be a relevant pharmacological target, antihypertensive drugs that down-regulate MMPs may offer advantages in the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Fontana
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Musiał K, Zwolińska D. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2,9) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1,2) as novel markers of stress response and atherogenesis in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on conservative treatment. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:97-103. [PMID: 20821177 PMCID: PMC3024084 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The system of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) may play a key role in atherogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients by its impact on matrix accumulation. Connections with inflammation, stress, or endothelial dysfunction are also probable. However, the data on correlations between these parameters in CKD patients are scarce in adults and absent in children. The aim of our study was to evaluate serum concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, as well as their correlations with markers of stress response (Hsp90-α, anti-Hsp60), endothelial dysfunction (sE-selectin), and inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) in CKD children treated conservatively. Thirty-seven patients were divided into two groups according to the CKD stage (gr.CKDI, 19 children with CKD stages 2-3; gr.CKDII, 18 subjects with CKD stages 4-5). Twenty-four age-matched healthy subjects served as controls. Serum concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, Hsp90-α, anti-Hsp60, and sE-selectin were assessed by ELISA. Median values of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were significantly higher in all CKD children vs. controls and were increased in patients with CKD stages 4-5 vs. CKD stages 2-3. Hsp90-α, anti-Hsp60, sE-selectin, and glomerular filtration rate predicted the values of MMPs and TIMPs. Chronic kidney disease in children is characterized by MMP/TIMP system dysfunction, aggravated by the progression of renal failure. Correlations between examined parameters, heat shock proteins, and markers of endothelial damage suggest the possibility of MMP/TIMP application as indicators of stress response and atherogenesis in children with CKD on conservative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Musiał
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Wrocław Medical University, M. Skłodowskiej—Curie 50/52, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Danuta Zwolińska
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Wrocław Medical University, M. Skłodowskiej—Curie 50/52, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
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Shiomi T, Lemaître V, D’Armiento J, Okada Y. Matrix metalloproteinases, a disintegrin and metalloproteinases, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases with thrombospondin motifs in non-neoplastic diseases. Pathol Int 2010; 60:477-96. [PMID: 20594269 PMCID: PMC3745773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2010.02547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular functions within tissues are strictly regulated by the tissue microenvironment which comprises extracellular matrix and extracellular matrix-deposited factors such as growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. These molecules are metabolized by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAM) and ADAM with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS), which are members of the metzincin superfamily. They function in various pathological conditions of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases by digesting different substrates under the control of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) and reversion-inducing, cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK). In neoplastic diseases MMP play a central role in cancer cell invasion and metastases, and ADAM are also important to cancer cell proliferation and progression through the metabolism of growth factors and their receptors. Numerous papers have described the involvement of these metalloproteinases in non-neoplastic diseases in nearly every organ. In contrast to the numerous review articles on their roles in cancer cell proliferation and progression, there are very few articles discussing non-neoplastic diseases. This review therefore will focus on the properties of MMP, ADAM and ADAMTS and their implications for non-neoplastic diseases of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, central nervous system, digestive system, renal system, wound healing and infection, and joints and muscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Shiomi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vincent Lemaître
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeanine D’Armiento
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yasunori Okada
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Homocysteine and Hypertension in Diabetes: Does PPARgamma Have a Regulatory Role? PPAR Res 2010; 2010:806538. [PMID: 20613990 PMCID: PMC2895301 DOI: 10.1155/2010/806538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of macro- and microvessels is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cardio-renovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Renal failure and impairment of renal function due to vasoconstriction of the glomerular arteriole in diabetic nephropathy leads to renal volume retention and increase in plasma homocysteine level. Homocysteine, which is a nonprotein amino acid, at elevated levels is an independent cardio-renovascular risk factor. Homocysteine induces oxidative injury of vascular endothelial cells, involved in matrix remodeling through modulation of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) axis, and increased formation and accumulation of extracellular matrix protein, such as collagen. In heart this leads to increased endothelial-myocyte uncoupling resulting in diastolic dysfunction and hypertension. In the kidney, increased matrix accumulation in the glomerulus causes glomerulosclerosis resulting in hypofiltration, increased renal volume retention, and hypertension. PPARγ agonist reduces tissue homocysteine levels and is reported to ameliorate homocysteine-induced deleterious vascular effects in diabetes. This review, in light of current information, focuses on the beneficial effects of PPARγ agonist in homocysteine-associated hypertension and vascular remodeling in diabetes.
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Luo L, Dai DZ, Zheng YF, Dai Y. Hypercholesterolaemia induces early renal lesions characterized by upregulation of MMP-9 and iNOS and ETAR: alleviated by a dual endothelin receptor antagonist CPU0213 and simvastatin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.06.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
We aimed to investigate hypercholesterolaemia-induced early renal lesions which result in abnormal expression of endothelin A receptor (ETAR), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). We hypothesized that this is due to an upregulated endothelin (ET) pathway consequent to hypercholesterolaemia and that CPU0213, a dual ET antagonist, could mitigate these changes.
Methods
Rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1), control; (2), high-fat diet for 60 days (HFD); HFD rats medicated in the last 15 days with either (3) CPU0213 (30 mg/kg daily, s.c.) or (4) simvastatin (4 mg/kg daily, p.o.).
Key findings
Body weight, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly increased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in the HFD group, relative to normal. Meanwhile, these changes were associated with upregulation of mRNA and protein of ETAR, iNOS and MMP-9 in the kidney. The lipid-lowering effect of simvastatin was predominant, lessening abnormal expression of these molecules in the kidney dramatically. Interestingly, CPU0213 significantly normalized expression of mRNA and protein of ETAR, iNOS and MMP-9, comparable with simvastatin, leaving no changes in hyperlipidaemia.
Conclusions
CPU0213 relieves renal lesions by blunting hypercholesterolaemia caused by the upregulated ET system, iNOS and MMP-9 in the kidney. This indicates that CPU0213 is promising in treating patients with end stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Luo
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - De-Zai Dai
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Fen Zheng
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Dai
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Serum metalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-9 and metalloproteinase tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in patients on hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2009; 43:491-8. [PMID: 19953348 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-009-9683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the effect of hemodialysis (HD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the serum levels of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and metalloproteinase tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2. METHODS 18 patients on regular HD treatment with low-flux, cuprophane membrane, 15 non-dialyzed patients with CKD and 15 healthy controls were sampled. The serum MMP and TIMP concentrations were determined by ELISA assays. RESULTS MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 serum levels were significantly decreased in HD patients to 32.7 ± 20.1 ng/ml, 178.8 ± 73.0 ng/ml, and 103.4 ± 55.3 ng/ml compared with 482.3 ± 139.5, 367.6 ± 75.5 ng/ml, and 299.7 ± 63.2 ng/ml in patients with CKD and 594.6 ± 154.7 ng/ml, 354.5 ± 81.2 ng/ml, and 272.4 ± 91.8 ng/ml in healthy controls, respectively, (P < 0.001 vs. HD patients). MMP-2 was lower in patients with CKD: 405.6 ± 106.1 ng/ml compared with 516.9 ± 81.7 ng/ml in controls (P = 0.02). The MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio was increased in HD patients compared with both patients with CKD and controls. In the course of an HD session, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 serum levels were significantly decreased from pre-HD 570.0 ± 256.5 and 178.8 ± 66.9 ng/ml to post-HD 492.6 ± 212.5 and 144.6 ± 44.2 ng/ml (P = 0.004 and 0.013, respectively). However, the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio increased from pre-HD 0.15 (2.19) (median, range) to 0.23 (0.33) after a HD session (P = 0.03). CRP was positively correlated with MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in HD patients and patients with CKD (r = 0.67; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio increased during HD sessions, although their absolute levels were lowered. This change may represent a chronic state of enhanced fibrosis in patients undergoing HD.
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Relationships between MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels and their pathogenesis in patients with lupus nephritis. Rheumatol Int 2009; 30:1219-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Briet M, Maruani G, Collin C, Bozec E, Gauci C, Boutouyrie P, Houillier P, Laurent S, Froissart M. Age-independent association between arterial and bone remodeling in mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 25:191-7. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sen U, Basu P, Abe OA, Givvimani S, Tyagi N, Metreveli N, Shah KS, Passmore JC, Tyagi SC. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates hyperhomocysteinemia-associated chronic renal failure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297:F410-9. [PMID: 19474193 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00145.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated level of homocysteine (Hcy), known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is associated with end-stage renal diseases. Hcy metabolizes in the body to produce hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), and studies have demonstrated a protective role of H(2)S in end-stage organ failure. However, the role of H(2)S in HHcy-associated renal diseases is unclear. The present study was aimed to determine the role of H(2)S in HHcy-associated renal damage. Cystathionine-beta-synthase heterozygous (CBS+/-) and wild-type (WT, C57BL/6J) mice with two kidney (2-K) were used in this study and supplemented with or without NaHS (30 micromol/l, H(2)S donor) in the drinking water. To expedite the HHcy-associated glomerular damage, uninephrectomized (1-K) CBS(+/-) and 1-K WT mice were also used with or without NaHS supplementation. Plasma Hcy levels were elevated in CBS(+/-) 2-K and 1-K and WT 1-K mice along with increased proteinuria, whereas, plasma levels of H(2)S were attenuated in these groups compared with WT 2-K mice. Interestingly, H(2)S supplementation increased plasma H(2)S level and normalized the urinary protein secretion in the similar groups of animals as above. Increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 and apoptotic cells were observed in the renal cortical tissues of CBS(+/-) 2-K and 1-K and WT 1-K mice; however, H(2)S prevented apoptotic cell death and normalized increased MMP activities. Increased expression of desmin and downregulation of nephrin in the cortical tissue of CBS(+/-) 2-K and 1-K and WT 1-K mice were ameliorated with H(2)S supplementation. Additionally, in the kidney tissues of CBS(+/-) 2-K and 1-K and WT 1-K mice, increased superoxide (O(2)(*-)) production and reduced glutathione (GSH)-to-oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio were normalized with exogenous H(2)S supplementation. These results demonstrate that HHcy-associated renal damage is related to decreased endogenous H(2)S generation in the body. Additionally, here we demonstrate with evidence that H(2)S supplementation prevents HHcy-associated renal damage, in part, through its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Sen
- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, Univ. of Louisville School of Medicine, 500 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Moritz KM, Mazzuca MQ, Siebel AL, Mibus A, Arena D, Tare M, Owens JA, Wlodek ME. Uteroplacental insufficiency causes a nephron deficit, modest renal insufficiency but no hypertension with ageing in female rats. J Physiol 2009; 587:2635-46. [PMID: 19359373 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.170407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In rats, uteroplacental insufficiency induced by uterine vessel ligation restricts fetal growth and impairs mammary development compromising postnatal growth. In male offspring, this results in a nephron deficit and hypertension which can be reversed by improving lactation and postnatal growth. Here, growth, blood pressure and nephron endowment in female offspring from mothers which underwent bilateral uterine vessel ligation (Restricted) on day 18 of pregnancy were examined. Sham surgery (Control) and a reduced litter group (Reduced at birth to 5, equivalent to Restricted group) were used as controls. Offspring (Control, Reduced, Restricted) were cross-fostered on postnatal day 1 onto a Control (normal lactation) or Restricted (impaired lactation) mother. Restricted-on-Restricted offspring were born small but were of similar weight to Control-on-Control by postnatal day 35. Blood pressure was not different between groups at 8, 12 or 20 weeks of age. Glomerular number was reduced in Restricted-on-Restricted offspring at 6 months without glomerular hypertrophy. Cross-fostering a Restricted pup onto a Control dam resulted in a glomerular number intermediate between Control-on-Control and Restricted-on-Restricted. Blood pressure, along with renal function, morphology and mRNA expression, was examined in Control-on-Control and Restricted-on-Restricted females at 18 months. Restricted-on-Restricted offspring did not become hypertensive but developed glomerular hypertrophy by 18 months. They had elevated plasma creatinine and alterations in renal mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta(1), collagen IV (alpha1) and matrix matelloproteinase-9. This suggests that perinatally growth restricted female offspring may be susceptible to onset of renal injury and renal insufficiency with ageing in the absence of concomitant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Moritz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Chang HR, Yang SF, Lian JD, Lin CC, Wen MC, Chen YT, Jan YJ, Hsieh YS. Prediction of chronic allograft damage index of renal allografts using serum level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Clin Transplant 2009; 23:206-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.00970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sen U, Rodriguez WE, Tyagi N, Kumar M, Kundu S, Tyagi SC. Ciglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in part through homocysteine clearance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295:E1205-12. [PMID: 18780770 PMCID: PMC2584817 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90534.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) are two independent risk factors for glomeruloslerosis and renal insufficiency. Although PPARgamma agonists such as ciglitazone (CZ) are known to modulate diabetic nephropathy, the role of CZ in diabetes-associated HHcy and renopathy is incompletely defined. We tested the hypothesis that induction of PPARgamma by CZ decreases tissue Hcy level; this provides a protective role against diabetic nephropathy. C57BL/6J mice were administered alloxan to create diabetes. Mice were grouped to 0, 1, 10, 12, and 16 wk of treatment; only 12- and 16-wk animals received CZ in drinking water after a 10-wk alloxan treatment. In diabetes, PPARgamma cDNA, mRNA, and protein expression were repressed, whereas an increase in plasma and glomerular Hcy levels was observed. CZ normalized PPARgamma mRNA and protein expression and glomerular level of Hcy, whereas plasma level of Hcy remained unchanged. GFR was dramatically increased at 1-wk diabetic induction, followed by hypofiltration at 10 wk, and was normalized by CZ treatment. This result corroborated with glomerular and preglomerular arteriole histology. A steady-state increase of RVR in diabetic mice became normal with CZ treatment. CZ ameliorated decrease bioavailability of NO in the diabetic animal. Glomerular MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities as well as TIMP-1 expression were increased robustly in diabetic mice and normalized with CZ treatment. Interestingly, TIMP-4 expression was opposite to that of TIMP-1 in diabetic and CZ-treated groups. These results suggested that diabetic nephropathy exacerbated glomerular tissue level of Hcy, and this caused further deterioration of glomerulus. CZ, however, protected diabetic nephropathy in part by activating PPARgamma and clearing glomerular tissue Hcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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Savage CJ. Urinary clinical pathologic findings and glomerular filtration rate in the horse. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2008; 24:387-404, vii. [PMID: 18652961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary specific gravity (USG) measurements are underused by equine ambulatory veterinarians. Urinary dipstick and USG findings can assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of many disease processes in the horse. Simple methods for measurement of the glomerular filtration rate and urinary biochemical markers can improve equine urinary diagnostic abilities in critical care patients. Fractional excretion of electrolytes and minerals assists in fluid care and in management of nutrition of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Savage
- Equine Clinical Services, Equine Centre, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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