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Mendoza E, Duque X, Reyes-Maldonado E, Hernández-Franco JI, Martínez-Andrade G, Vilchis-Gil J, Martinez H, Morán S. Serum hepcidin recalibrated values in Mexican schoolchildren by demographic characteristics, nutritional and infection/inflammation status. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05889-4. [PMID: 39039174 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Hepcidin production is regulated by iron concentration, erythropoietic activity, and inflammation. There is no reference method for determining its levels, but results obtained through various methods strongly correlate and can be compared using recalibration equations. OBJECTIVE To describe recalibrated serum hepcidin values at different percentiles in schoolchildren, considering age, sex, inflammatory processes, H. pylori infection, and iron status. METHODS Secondary analysis of data incorporating information on inflammation, H. pylori infection, and iron status of 349 schoolchildren. Hepcidin analysis was performed using a competitive ELISA, and recalibrated hepcidin values were calculated using the inverse of the linear regression model equation obtained by van der Vorm et al. Results: Recalibrated hepcidin values were lower than non-calibrated values. In schoolchildren without infection/inflammation and without iron deficiency, recalibrated values at the 50th percentile (25th-75th) were 4.89 ng/mL (2.68-8.42). For schoolchildren without infection/inflammation but with iron deficiency, recalibrated values were 2.34 ng/mL (1.10-6.58), the lowest hepcidin values observed. The highest values were found in the group with infection/inflammation, regardless of iron deficiency status. CONCLUSIONS Recalibrated hepcidin values were lower than non-calibrated values. The highest values were observed in schoolchildren with infectious or inflammatory processes, and the lowest values were observed in schoolchildren with iron deficiency but only in the absence of infectious or inflammatory processes. Using recalibrated hepcidin values allows comparison between data obtained using different analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Mendoza
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Av. Cuauhtemoc No. 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City, CP 06720, Mexico
| | - Ximena Duque
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Av. Cuauhtemoc No. 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City, CP 06720, Mexico.
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Department of Hematopathology, National Polytechnic Institute, National School of Biological Sciences, Mexico City, 01135, Mexico
| | | | - Gloria Martínez-Andrade
- Academic Area of Nutrition, Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Pachuca Hidalgo, 42039, Mexico
| | - Jenny Vilchis-Gil
- Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gomez", Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | - Homero Martinez
- Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gomez", Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
- Global Technical Services-NTEAM, Nutrition International, Ottawa, ON, K2P 2K3, Canada
| | - Segundo Morán
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
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Diaz-Garzon J, Itkonen O, Aarsand AK, Sandberg S, Coskun A, Carobene A, Jonker N, Bartlett WA, Buño A, Fernandez-Calle P. Biological variation of inflammatory and iron metabolism markers in high-endurance recreational athletes; are these markers useful for athlete monitoring? Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:844-852. [PMID: 38062926 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To deliver biological variation (BV) data for serum hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), erythropoietin (EPO) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in a population of well-characterized high-endurance athletes, and to evaluate the potential influence of exercise and health-related factors on the BV. METHODS Thirty triathletes (15 females) were sampled monthly (11 months). All samples were analyzed in duplicate and BV estimates were delivered by Bayesian and ANOVA methods. A linear mixed model was applied to study the effect of factors related to exercise, health, and sampling intervals on the BV estimates. RESULTS Within-subject BV estimates (CVI) were for hepcidin 51.9 % (95 % credibility interval 46.9-58.1), sTfR 10.3 % (8.8-12) and EPO 27.3 % (24.8-30.3). The mean concentrations were significantly different between sex, but CVI estimates were similar and not influenced by exercise, health-related factors, or sampling intervals. The data were homogeneously distributed for EPO but not for hepcidin or sTfR. IL-6 results were mostly below the limit of detection. Factors related to exercise, health, and sampling intervals did not influence the BV estimates. CONCLUSIONS This study provides, for the first time, BV data for EPO, derived from a cohort of well-characterized endurance athletes and indicates that EPO is a good candidate for athlete follow-up. The application of the Bayesian method to deliver BV data illustrates that for hepcidin and sTfR, BV data are heterogeneously distributed and using a mean BV estimate may not be appropriate when using BV data for laboratory and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Diaz-Garzon
- Laboratory Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Outi Itkonen
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aasne K Aarsand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Norwegian Porphyria Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (NOKLUS), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sverre Sandberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Norwegian Porphyria Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (NOKLUS), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Abdurrahman Coskun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Atasehir, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Anna Carobene
- Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Niels Jonker
- Certe, Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis Assen, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - William A Bartlett
- Undergraduate Teaching, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Antonio Buño
- Laboratory Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Oppen K, Brede C, Skadberg Ø, Steinsvik T, Holter JC, Michelsen AE, Heggelund L. Hepcidin analysis in pneumonia: Comparison of immunoassay and LC-MS/MS. Ann Clin Biochem 2023; 60:298-305. [PMID: 36759502 PMCID: PMC10552342 DOI: 10.1177/00045632231159529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin is a promising biomarker to differentiate anaemia of inflammation from iron deficiency. Plasma hepcidin concentrations increase substantially during inflammation, and the amount of smaller, non-biologically active isoforms of hepcidin increase in inflammatory conditions. These smaller isoforms are measured in some, but not all analytical methods. Thus, we evaluated the comparability of two analytical methods with different isoform selectivity during and after acute-phase pneumonia as a highly inflammatory model disease. METHODS Blood samples from a cohort of 267 hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia patients collected at admission and a 6-week follow-up were analysed. Hepcidin was measured in plasma by an immunoassay, which recognizes all hepcidin isoforms, and a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which selectively measures the bioactive hepcidin-25. Additionally, a subset of serum samples was analysed by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Hepcidin measurements by immunoassay were higher compared with LC-MS/MS. The relative mean difference of hepcidin plasma concentrations between the two analytical methods was larger in admission samples than in follow-up samples (admission samples <200 ng/mL: 37%, admission samples >200 ng/mL: 78%, follow-up samples >10 ng/mL: 22%). During acute-phase pneumonia, serum concentrations were on average 22% lower than plasma concentrations when measured by LC-MS/MS. CONCLUSIONS Immunoassay measured higher hepcidin concentrations compared with LC-MS/MS, with more pronounced differences in high-concentration samples during acute-phase pneumonia. These findings should be considered in local method validations and in future harmonization and standardization optimization of hepcidin measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti Oppen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Cato Brede
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Øyvind Skadberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Trude Steinsvik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Norway
| | - Jan Cato Holter
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Heggelund
- Department of Internal Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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4
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A Novel Hepcidin Mutation. Transfus Clin Biol 2023:S1246-7820(23)00037-X. [PMID: 36925058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioactive peptide hormone hepcidin-25 regulates iron levels by inhibiting iron transport to plasma via ferroportin. Hepcidin-25 is synthesized in the liver where the 84 amino acids pro-hepcidin is cleaved into the bioactive hepcidin-25. A patient admitted to the hospital presented with infertility and fatigue. METHODS Genomic DNA was purified from whole blood using the Maxwell 16 system (Promega). MLPA analysis was performed to detect large genomic rearrangements using the SALSA MLPA kit # P347, Hemochromatosis (MRC Holland, Holland). Plasma hepcidin measurements were performed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS A novel HAMP mutation (homozygous one base deletion in c.215delG, p.Cys72Serfs*?) was detected. The deletion in nucleotide 215 causes a frameshift altering the predicted protein sequence from cysteine13 in mature peptide. Whether this leads to nonsense mediated decay of the mRNA or synthesis of an aberrant peptide in unknown, but bioactive hepcidin-25 was undetectable in plasma. The patient had massive iron overload with ferritin up to 8360 µg/L. He was anaemic with a Hb at 7.0 mmol/L (11.3 g/dL) and suffered from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with a total testosterone of 1.2 nmol/l . Continued treatment with venesection and gonadotropins led to reduced fatigue, reduction in iron overload, a normalized Hb and improvement of semen quality. CONCLUSION A novel hepcidin mutation was detected in a patient with massive iron overload, fatigue and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
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Infanti L, Leitner G, Moe MK, Pehlic V, Benkert P, Cattaneo M, Holbro A, Passweg J, Worel N, Buser A. Indices of iron homeostasis in asymptomatic subjects with HFE mutations and moderate ferritin elevation during iron removal treatment. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2022; 97:102689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2022.102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Hepcidin discriminates sepsis from other critical illness at admission to intensive care. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14857. [PMID: 36050405 PMCID: PMC9434539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial differential diagnosis and prognosis for patients admitted to intensive care with suspected sepsis remain arduous. Hepcidin has emerged as a potential biomarker for sepsis. Here we report data on the relevance of levels of hepcidin versus other biomarkers as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for sepsis. 164 adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) within 24 h upon arrival to the hospital were included. Blood samples collected daily for seven consecutive days and hepcidin levels, heparin binding protein (HBP) levels and standard biomarkers were determined. Blood cultures were initiated at inclusion. Clinical scores were evaluated daily and mortality after 28- and 180-days was recorded. One hundred of the patients were found to fulfil the criteria for sepsis whereas 64 did not. Hepcidin levels at admission were significantly higher in the septic than in the non-septic patients. In septic patients hepcidin levels declined significantly already at 24 h followed by a steady decline. A significant negative correlation was observed between hepcidin levels and SAPS 3 in patients with sepsis. Hepcidin levels at inclusion were significantly higher among septic patients that survived 180-days and predicted mortality. Our data show that hepcidin levels are indicative of sepsis in patients admitted to the ICU and has a prognostic value for mortality.
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Rana S, Prabhakar N. Iron disorders and hepcidin. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:454-468. [PMID: 34755647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element due to its role in a wide variety of physiological processes. Iron homeostasis is crucial to prevent iron overload disorders as well as iron deficiency anemia. The liver synthesized peptide hormone hepcidin is a master regulator of systemic iron metabolism. Given its role in overall health, measurement of hepcidin can be used as a predictive marker in disease states. In addition, hepcidin-targeting drugs appear beneficial as therapeutic agents. This review emphasizes recent development on analytical techniques (immunochemical, mass spectrometry and biosensors) and therapeutic approaches (hepcidin agonists, stimulators and antagonists). These insights highlight hepcidin as a potential biomarker as well as an aid in the development of new drugs for iron disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Nirmal Prabhakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Grønlien HK, Christoffersen TE, Nystrand CF, Garabet L, Syvertsen T, Moe MK, Olstad OK, Jonassen CM. Cytokine and Gene Expression Profiling in Patients with HFE-Associated Hereditary Hemochromatosis according to Genetic Profile. Acta Haematol 2020; 144:446-457. [PMID: 33326952 DOI: 10.1159/000511551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemochromatosis gene (HFE)-associated hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by downregulation of hepcidin synthesis, leading to increased intestinal iron absorption. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to characterize and elucidate a possible association between gene expression profile, hepcidin levels, disease severity, and markers of inflammation in HFE-associated HH patients. METHODS Thirty-nine HFE-associated HH patients were recruited and assigned to 2 groups according to genetic profile: C282Y homozygotes in 1 group and patients with H63D, as homozygote or in combination with C282Y, in the other group. Eleven healthy first-time blood donors were recruited as controls. Gene expression was characterized from peripheral blood cells, and inflammatory cytokines and hepcidin-25 isoform were quantified in serum. Biochemical disease characteristics were recorded. RESULTS Elevated levels of interleukin 8 were observed in a significant higher proportion of patients than controls. In addition, compared to controls, gene expression of ζ-globin was significantly increased among C282Y homozygote patients, while gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 8, and other neutrophil-secreted proteins, was significantly upregulated in patients with H63D. CONCLUSION Different disease signatures may characterize HH patients according to their HFE genetic profile. Studies on larger populations, including analyses at protein level, are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lamya Garabet
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Terje Syvertsen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Morten K Moe
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway,
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway,
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9
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Aune ET, Diepeveen LE, Laarakkers CM, Klaver S, Armitage AE, Bansal S, Chen M, Fillet M, Han H, Herkert M, Itkonen O, van de Kerkhof D, Krygier A, Lefebvre T, Neyer P, Rieke M, Tomosugi N, Weykamp CW, Swinkels DW. Optimizing hepcidin measurement with a proficiency test framework and standardization improvement. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:315-323. [PMID: 33001847 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Hepcidin measurement advances insights in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of iron disorders, but requires analytically sound and standardized measurement procedures (MPs). Recent development of a two-level secondary reference material (sRM) for hepcidin assays allows worldwide standardization. However, no proficiency testing (PT) schemes to ensure external quality assurance (EQA) exist and the absence of a high calibrator in the sRM set precludes optimal standardization. Methods We developed a pilot PT together with the Dutch EQA organization Stichting Kwaliteitsbewaking Medische Laboratoriumdiagnostiek (SKML) that included 16 international hepcidin MPs. The design included 12 human serum samples that allowed us to evaluate accuracy, linearity, precision and standardization potential. We manufactured, value-assigned, and validated a high-level calibrator in a similar manner to the existing low- and middle-level sRM. Results The pilot PT confirmed logistical feasibility of an annual scheme. Most MPs demonstrated linearity (R2>0.99) and precision (duplicate CV>12.2%), although the need for EQA was shown by large variability in accuracy. The high-level calibrator proved effective, reducing the inter-assay CV from 42.0% (unstandardized) to 14.0%, compared to 17.6% with the two-leveled set. The calibrator passed international homogeneity criteria and was assigned a value of 9.07±0.24 nmol/L. Conclusions We established a framework for future PT to enable laboratory accreditation, which is essential to ensure quality of hepcidin measurement and its use in patient care. Additionally, we showed optimized standardization is possible by extending the current sRM with a third high calibrator, although international implementation of the sRM is a prerequisite for its success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis T Aune
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E Diepeveen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Coby M Laarakkers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Siem Klaver
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew E Armitage
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sukhvinder Bansal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Outi Itkonen
- Laboratory Division HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daan van de Kerkhof
- Algemeen Klinisch Laboratorium, Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra Krygier
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Thibaud Lefebvre
- French Center of Porphyria, INSERM UMR1149, Labex GR-Ex, Louis Mourier Hospital, APHP.Nord-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Peter Neyer
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | | | - Naohisa Tomosugi
- Division of Systems Bioscience for Drug Discovery, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Cas W Weykamp
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Queen Beatrix Hospital, Winterswijk, The Netherlands
- SKML, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (830), Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Olinder J, Ehinger D, Liljenborg E, Herwald H, Rydén C. Plasma Levels of Hepcidin and Reticulocyte Haemoglobin during Septic Shock. J Innate Immun 2020; 12:448-460. [PMID: 32950976 DOI: 10.1159/000508561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic shock, a serious consequence of disseminated infection that has a high mortality, is due to a dysregulated, severe immune response triggered by the infection. Acute phase reactants play key roles in sepsis, for example, hepcidin regulating iron metabolism. Reticulocyte haemoglobin (Ret-He) depends on available iron in blood, indirectly regulated by hepcidin. This study aimed at exploring rapid changes in hepcidin and Ret-He in patients with septic shock receiving adequate antibiotic treatment. Fifteen patients, included within an hour of admission to the intensive care unit, were evaluated by microbiological tests and cultures, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and plasma levels of hepcidin, Ret-He, heparin-binding protein (HBP), leucocytes, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin (PCT), and lactate. Samples were taken every morning for 7 consecutive days. Maximal levels of hepcidin (median 61 nmol/L; reference 1-12 nmol/L) were seen at the time of inclusion, then declining steadily similar to PCT and lactate levels. Ret-He values decreased transiently in response to increased hepcidin, normalization occurred at 96 h upon decrease of hepcidin levels. Maximal levels of HBP were noted 24 h after inclusion. In conclusion, hepcidin promptly declined within the first 24 h in patients with septic shock receiving adequate antibiotic treatment in contrast to Ret-He and HBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Olinder
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden, .,Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,
| | - Daniel Ehinger
- Department of Pathology, University and Regional Laboratories, Region Skåne, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Erik Liljenborg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, County Hospital Halland, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Heiko Herwald
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Rydén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden.,Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Shin JA, Kim HS, Lee Kang J, Park EM. Estrogen deficiency is associated with brain iron deposition via upregulation of hepcidin expression in aged female mice. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 96:33-42. [PMID: 32920472 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The total iron level in the brain increases with age, and excess iron is associated with neurodegenerative diseases; however, the mechanism of brain iron deposition is unknown. In peripheral cells, the expression of hepcidin, a master regulator of iron homeostasis, is regulated by estrogen. This study aimed to determine whether hepcidin was involved in iron deposition in the brain and brain endothelial cells of estrogen-deficient aged female mice. Aged mice showed increased levels of hepcidin and ferritin in the brain and brain microvessels compared with young mice, and these levels were reduced by estrogen replacement in ovariectomized aged mice. In the brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3, the lipopolysaccharide (10 ng/mL)-induced increases of hepcidin mRNA and protein levels, the number of Prussian blue-positive cells, and free radicals were reduced after estrogen treatment. These results suggest that estrogen deficiency with an increase of hepcidin is partly responsible for iron deposition in the brain and brain endothelial cells and that hepcidin can be a target to prevent brain aging and neurodegeneration in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Department of Physiology and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Vizi Z, Lányi K, Bagi M, Laczay P, Balogh N, Sterczer Á. Serum hepcidin measurements in healthy dogs using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:292-298. [PMID: 32537798 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron homeostasis. The measurement of this hormone is essential for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia and might be useful as a prognostic factor in many diseases. Serum hepcidin levels have been infrequently evaluated in dogs. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to measure serum hepcidin in a population of healthy dogs using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), considered the gold standard assay for measuring hepcidin like in human medicine. METHODS Blood samples from 86 healthy dogs of 25 different breeds were measured with the LC-MS/MS method. Synthetic canine hepcidin was used as the standard reagent. Reference values were calculated based on the results. RESULTS The mean hepcidin concentration of the study population was 16.6 ± 7.7 ng/mL. There reference interval (RI) was defined as 5.3-36.4 ng/mL. No significant difference was found between male and female dogs, or between different age and body weight groups. Hepcidin concentrations did not correlate with red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations, iron levels, iron-binding capacities, and C-reactive protein concentrations in this healthy population. A weak negative correlation was found between hepcidin and the mean corpuscular volume. CONCLUSION LC-MS/MS proved to be a reliable and time-effective method for the detection of canine hepcidin. The RI was similar but narrower compared with that of human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Vizi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lányi
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Bagi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Laczay
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ágnes Sterczer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Daimon S. Efficacy for Anemia and Changes in Serum Ferritin Levels by Long‐Term Oral Iron Administration in Hemodialysis Patients. Ther Apher Dial 2019; 23:444-450. [DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Daimon
- Department of Nephrology, Daimon Clinic for Internal MedicineNephrology and Dialysis Nonoichi Japan
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14
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Mendoza E, Duque X, Hernández Franco JI, Reyes Maldonado E, Morán S, Martínez G, Salinas Rodríguez A, Martínez H. Association between Active H. pylori Infection and Iron Deficiency Assessed by Serum Hepcidin Levels in School-Age Children. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2141. [PMID: 31500264 PMCID: PMC6769883 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin regulates iron metabolism. Its synthesis increases in infection and decreases in iron deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency by levels of hepcidin in children. A total of 350 school-age children participated in this cross-sectional study. Determinations of serum ferritin, hemoglobin, hepcidin, C-reactive protein, and α-1-acid-glycoprotein were done. Active H. pylori infection was performed with a 13C-urea breath test. In schoolchildren without H. pylori infection, hepcidin was lower in those with iron deficiency compared to children with normal iron status (5.5 ng/mL vs. 8.2 ng/mL, p = 0.017); while in schoolchildren with H. pylori infection the levels of hepcidin tended to be higher, regardless of the iron nutritional status. Using multivariate analysis, the association between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency was different by hepcidin levels. The association between H. pylori and iron deficiency was not significant for lower values of hepcidin (Odds Ratio = 0.17; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.02-1.44), while the same association was significant for higher values of hepcidin (OR = 2.84; CI 95% 1.32-6.09). This joint effect is reflected in the adjusted probabilities for iron deficiency: Individuals with H. pylori infection and higher levels of hepcidin had a probability of 0.24 (CI 95% 0.14-0.34) for iron deficiency, and this probability was 0.24 (CI 95% 0.14-0.33) in children without H. pylori infection and lower levels of hepcidin. In children with H. pylori infection and iron deficiency, the hepcidin synthesis is upregulated. The stimulus to the synthesis of hepcidin due to H. pylori infection is greater than the iron deficiency stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Mendoza
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Health Services, Mexican Institute of Social Security, 06725 Mexico City, Mexico.
- Morphology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 01135 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ximena Duque
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Health Services, Mexican Institute of Social Security, 06725 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jordán I Hernández Franco
- Morphology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 01135 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Elba Reyes Maldonado
- Morphology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 01135 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Segundo Morán
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Health Services, Mexican Institute of Social Security, 06725 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Gloria Martínez
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Health Services, Mexican Institute of Social Security, 06725 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Homero Martínez
- Global Technical Services-NTEAM, Nutrition International, Ottawa, ON K2P 2K3, Canada.
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", 06720 Mexico City, Mexico.
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15
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Enko D, Zelzer S, Fauler G, Herrmann M. Evaluation of a commercial liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass-spectrometry method for the determination of hepcidin-25. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2019; 29:020701. [PMID: 31015783 PMCID: PMC6457918 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2019.020701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reliable determination of hepcidin-25, a key regulator of iron metabolism, is important. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of the Hepcidin-25 Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass-Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Kit (Immundiagnostik AG, Bensheim, Germany) for quantification of the hepcidin-25 protein. Materials and methods Precision, accuracy, linearity, and preanalytical requirements of the liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass-spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) method were evaluated. The imprecision and bias acceptance criteria were defined ≤ 15%. We investigated sample stability at room temperature (RT) and after repeated freeze and thaw cycles. Additionally, we assessed serum hepcidin-25 concentrations of 165 healthy adults referred for a medical check-up. Results The hepcidin-25 LC-MS/MS assay was linear over the concentration range of 3 – 200 ng/mL. Within- and between-run precision ranged between 1.9 – 8.6% and 5.1 – 12.4%, respectively. The mean bias of the low and high control material was - 2.7% and 2.1%, respectively. At RT, serum samples were stable for 3 h (mean bias + 0.3%). After two and three freeze and thaw cycles, hepcidin-25 concentrations showed a bias of + 8.0 and + 20%, respectively. Of 165 healthy adults, 109 females had a significantly lower median of 8.42 (range: 1.00 – 60.10) ng/mL compared to 56 males with 15.76 (range: 1.50 – 60.50) ng/mL (P = 0.002). Conclusions The hepcidin-25 LC-MS/MS kit shows a broad analytical range and meets the imprecision and bias acceptance criteria of ≤ 15%. Serum samples can be stored at RT for 3 h and resist up to two freeze and thaw cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Enko
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital Steyr, Steyr, Austria.,Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Günter Fauler
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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16
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Provisional standardization of hepcidin assays: creating a traceability chain with a primary reference material, candidate reference method and a commutable secondary reference material. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 57:864-872. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hepcidin concentrations measured by various methods differ considerably, complicating interpretation. Here, a previously identified plasma-based candidate secondary reference material (csRM) was modified into a serum-based two-leveled sRM. We validated its functionality to increase the equivalence between methods for international standardization.
Methods
We applied technical procedures developed by the International Consortium for Harmonization of Clinical Laboratory Results. The sRM, consisting of lyophilized serum with cryolyoprotectant, appeared commutable among nine different measurement procedures using 16 native human serum samples in a first round robin (RR1). Harmonization potential of the sRM was simulated in RR1 and evaluated in practice in RR2 among 11 measurement procedures using three native human plasma samples. Comprehensive purity analysis of a candidate primary RM (cpRM) was performed by state of the art procedures. The sRM was value assigned with an isotope dilution mass spectrometry-based candidate reference method calibrated using the certified pRM.
Results
The inter-assay CV without harmonization was 42.1% and 52.8% in RR1 and RR2, respectively. In RR1, simulation of harmonization with sRM resulted in an inter-assay CV of 11.0%, whereas in RR2 calibration with the material resulted in an inter-assay CV of 19.1%. Both the sRM and pRM passed international homogeneity criteria and showed long-term stability. We assigned values to the low (0.95±0.11 nmol/L) and middle concentration (3.75±0.17 nmol/L) calibrators of the sRM.
Conclusions
Standardization of hepcidin is possible with our sRM, which value is assigned by a pRM. We propose the implementation of this material as an international calibrator for hepcidin.
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17
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Baseline hepcidin measurement in the differential diagnosis of anaemia for elderly patients and its correlation with the increment of transferrin saturation following an oral iron absorption test. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 57:250-258. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Anaemia is often multifactorial in the elderly, with a frequent association between iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and anaemia of chronic disease (ACD). The primary objective of our study was to investigate whether baseline hepcidin measurement could be useful for identifying iron deficiency (ID) in anaemic elderly patients. The secondary objective was to assess whether baseline hepcidin concentrations correlated with the relative increase of transferrin saturation (TS) after an oral iron absorption test (OIAT).
Methods
Blood samples were collected between 7:30 am and 10:00 am in 328 geriatric outpatients, 102 underwent the OIAT. Types of anaemia were classified according biochemical and clinical criteria. TS and hepcidin were measured at baseline and 4 h after the iron dose. The ability of baseline hepcidin measurement to highlight ID in elderly anaemic patients was assessed using a receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis. Correlations between baseline hepcidin levels and the increment of TS following the OIAT were investigated using the Spearman coefficient.
Results
Among 328 included patients, 78 (23.8%) suffered from anaemia; 13 (4.0%), 19 (5.8%), 27 (8.2%) and 19 (5.8%) patients fulfilled criteria for IDA, IDA/ACD, ACD and unexplained anaemia, respectively. By multivariable analysis, creatinine, C-reactive protein, ferritin, Delta TS and Delta hepcidin were independently associated with baseline hepcidin concentrations. The area under the ROC curve (95% confidence interval) was 0.900 (0.830–0.970) for baseline hepcidin measurement. Baseline hepcidin levels correlated negatively with the relative increase in TS with a Spearman coefficient of −0.742.
Conclusions
Baseline hepcidin levels could be a useful tool to identify ID in anaemic elderly patients and may predict acute iron response following OIAT.
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18
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Vialaret J, Picas A, Delaby C, Bros P, Lehmann S, Hirtz C. Nano-flow vs standard-flow: Which is the more suitable LC/MS method for quantifying hepcidin-25 in human serum in routine clinical settings? J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1086:110-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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19
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Schmitz EM, Leijten NM, van Dongen JL, Broeren MA, Milroy LG, Brunsveld L, Scharnhorst V, van de Kerkhof D. Optimizing charge state distribution is a prerequisite for accurate protein biomarker quantification with LC-MS/MS, as illustrated by hepcidin measurement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 56:1490-1497. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Targeted quantification of protein biomarkers with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has great potential, but is still in its infancy. Therefore, we elucidated the influence of charge state distribution and matrix effects on accurate quantification, illustrated by the peptide hormone hepcidin.
Methods:
An LC-MS/MS assay for hepcidin, developed based on existing literature, was improved by using 5 mM ammonium formate buffer as mobile phase A and as an elution solution for solid phase extraction (SPE) to optimize the charge state distribution. After extensive analytical validation, focusing on interference and matrix effects, the clinical consequence of this method adjustment was studied by performing receiving operating characteristic (ROC)-curve analysis in patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA, n=44), anemia of chronic disease (ACD, n=42) and non-anemic patients (n=93).
Results:
By using a buffered solution during sample preparation and chromatography, the most abundant charge state was shifted from 4+ to 3+ and the charge state distribution was strongly stabilized. The matrix effects which occurred in the 4+ state were therefore avoided, eliminating bias in the low concentration range of hepcidin. Consequently, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) for detection of IDA patients with the optimized assay (96%, 97%, 91%, respectively) were much better than for the original assay (73%, 70%, 44%, respectively).
Conclusions:
Fundamental improvements in LC-MS/MS assays greatly impact the accuracy of protein quantification. This is urgently required for improved diagnostic accuracy and clinical value, as illustrated by the validation of our hepcidin assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M.H. Schmitz
- Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Catharina Hospital Eindhoven , Clinical Laboratory , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Biomedical Engineering , Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Máxima Medical Center Veldhoven , Clinical Laboratory , Veldhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Niels M. Leijten
- Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Catharina Hospital Eindhoven , Clinical Laboratory , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Biomedical Engineering , Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Joost L.J. van Dongen
- Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Biomedical Engineering , Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Maarten A.C. Broeren
- Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Máxima Medical Center Veldhoven , Clinical Laboratory , Veldhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Lech G. Milroy
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Biomedical Engineering , Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Biomedical Engineering , Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Volkher Scharnhorst
- Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Catharina Hospital Eindhoven , Clinical Laboratory , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Biomedical Engineering , Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Daan van de Kerkhof
- Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Catharina Hospital Eindhoven , Clinical Laboratory , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Algemeen Klinisch Laboratorium Catharina Ziekenhuis , Michelangelolaan 2 , 5623 EJ Eindhoven , The Netherlands
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20
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Improved LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of hepcidin-25 in clinical samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3835-3846. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Mattila RM, Sainio A, Järveläinen M, Pursiheimo J, Järveläinen H. A novel double nucleotide variant in the ferritin-L iron-responsive element in a Finnish patient with hereditary hyperferritinaemia-cataract syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol 2018. [PMID: 28636169 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a novel Finnish double nucleotide variant in the iron-responsive element (IRE) of the ferritin L-chain gene (FTL) leading to hyperferritinaemia-cataract syndrome (HHCS). METHODS Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes and synthetized with three different primers flanking the IRE in the FTL 5'-untranslated region of the FTL was used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thereafter, Sanger sequencing was performed on the 487-bp and 602-bp PCR amplification products with specific primers to reveal FTL IRE mutations. RESULTS A 58-year-old female patient with elevated serum ferritin level (1339 μg/l) was diagnosed with HHCS after extensive workup. Genetic testing identified a novel double point mutation g.48965355G>C (chr19, hg19) and g.48965356G>T (chr19, hg19) in the lower stem region of the IRE canonical structure of the FTL. CONCLUSION After excluding other causes, elevated serum ferritin level in a person with early onset cataract is indicative for HHCS, a genetic disorder caused by mutation in the IRE of the FTL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annele Sainio
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | | | - Juha Pursiheimo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - Hannu Järveläinen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine; Satakunta Central Hospital; Pori Finland
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22
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Impact of blood sample collection methods on blood protein profiling studies. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 471:128-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Flores-Quijano ME, Montalvo-Velarde I, Vital-Reyes VS, Rodríguez-Cruz M, Rendón-Macías ME, López-Alarcón M. Longitudinal Analysis of the Interaction Between Obesity and Pregnancy on Iron Homeostasis: Role of Hepcidin. Arch Med Res 2017; 47:550-556. [PMID: 28262197 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS When pregnancy occurs in obese women, two opposite mechanisms for iron homeostasis concur: increased need for available iron to support erythropoiesis and decreased iron mobilization from diets and stores due to obesity-related inflammation linked to overexpressed hepcidin. Few studies have examined the role of hepcidin on maternal iron homeostasis in the context of obese pregnancy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the combined effect of maternal obesity and pregnancy on hepcidin and maternal iron status while accounting for inflammation and iron supplementation. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of a cohort of pregnant women recruited from a referral obstetric hospital in Mexico City. Circulating biomarkers of iron status (hepcidin, ferritin [SF], transferrin receptor [sTfR], erythropoietin [EPO]), and inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor-[TNF]α, and interleukin-[IL]6) were determined monthly throughout pregnancy. Repeated measures ANOVA and logistic regression models were used for statistics. RESULTS Twenty-three obese (Ob) and 25 lean (Lc) women were studied. SF and hepcidin declined, and EPO and sTfR increased throughout pregnancy in both groups. sTfR increased more in Ob than in Lc (p = 0.024). The smallest hepcidin decline occurred in iron-supplemented Ob women compared to non-supplemented Lc women (p = 0.022). The risk for iron deficiency at the end of pregnancy was higher for Ob than for Lc (OR = 4.45, 95% CI = 2.07-9.58) after adjusting for iron supplementation and hepcidin concentration. CONCLUSION Pre-gestational obesity increases the risk of maternal iron deficiency despite iron supplementation. Overexpressed hepcidin appears to be a potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Flores-Quijano
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Irene Montalvo-Velarde
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Victor Saul Vital-Reyes
- Hospital de Obstetricia y Ginecología #3, Centro Médico La Raza, IMSS, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Mardia López-Alarcón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, México.
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24
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Measurement of hepcidin isoforms in human serum by liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:541-553. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Hepcidin-25 is the master regulator of iron homeostasis. N-truncated isoforms of hepcidin-25 have been identified (hepcidin-20, -22, -24), although data on the concentrations of these isoforms are sparse. Materials & methods: Serum was mixed with aqueous formic acid, and the supernatant loaded onto a 96-well-SPE-plate. Eluted analytes were analyzed using LC–HR-MS. Forty-seven paired dipotassium-EDTA human plasma and serum samples were analyzed. Results: The LLOQ was 1 μg/l (all analytes). Accuracy and precision were acceptable. There was a good correlation (R2 >0.90, all analytes) between matrices. The median (range) serum hepcidin-20, -22, -24 and -25 concentrations measured were 4 (1–40), 8 (2–20), 8 (1–50) and 39 (1–334) μg/l, respectively. Conclusion: LC–HR-MS is widely applicable to the measurement of hepcidin-25, and truncated isoforms.
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25
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Daimon S, Nuka H, Kitada K, Suzuki Y, Kim F, Kawano M. Influence of continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) administration intervals on erythropoietic effect in hemodialysis patients. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-016-0071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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26
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van der Vorm LN, Hendriks JCM, Laarakkers CM, Klaver S, Armitage AE, Bamberg A, Geurts-Moespot AJ, Girelli D, Herkert M, Itkonen O, Konrad RJ, Tomosugi N, Westerman M, Bansal SS, Campostrini N, Drakesmith H, Fillet M, Olbina G, Pasricha SR, Pitts KR, Sloan JH, Tagliaro F, Weykamp CW, Swinkels DW. Toward Worldwide Hepcidin Assay Harmonization: Identification of a Commutable Secondary Reference Material. Clin Chem 2016; 62:993-1001. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.256768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Absolute plasma hepcidin concentrations measured by various procedures differ substantially, complicating interpretation of results and rendering reference intervals method dependent. We investigated the degree of equivalence achievable by harmonization and the identification of a commutable secondary reference material to accomplish this goal.
METHODS
We applied technical procedures to achieve harmonization developed by the Consortium for Harmonization of Clinical Laboratory Results. Eleven plasma hepcidin measurement procedures (5 mass spectrometry based and 6 immunochemical based) quantified native individual plasma samples (n = 32) and native plasma pools (n = 8) to assess analytical performance and current and achievable equivalence. In addition, 8 types of candidate reference materials (3 concentrations each, n = 24) were assessed for their suitability, most notably in terms of commutability, to serve as secondary reference material.
RESULTS
Absolute hepcidin values and reproducibility (intrameasurement procedure CVs 2.9%–8.7%) differed substantially between measurement procedures, but all were linear and correlated well. The current equivalence (intermeasurement procedure CV 28.6%) between the methods was mainly attributable to differences in calibration and could thus be improved by harmonization with a common calibrator. Linear regression analysis and standardized residuals showed that a candidate reference material consisting of native lyophilized plasma with cryolyoprotectant was commutable for all measurement procedures. Mathematically simulated harmonization with this calibrator resulted in a maximum achievable equivalence of 7.7%.
CONCLUSIONS
The secondary reference material identified in this study has the potential to substantially improve equivalence between hepcidin measurement procedures and contributes to the establishment of a traceability chain that will ultimately allow standardization of hepcidin measurement results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan C M Hendriks
- Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Coby M Laarakkers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew E Armitage
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, and Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Outi Itkonen
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Laboratory Division HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Naohisa Tomosugi
- Division of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, and Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Department of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Sant-Rayn Pasricha
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, and Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Franco Tagliaro
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Cas W Weykamp
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Queen Beatrix Hospital, Winterswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Abstract
The discovery of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin in 2001 has revolutionized our understanding of iron disorders, and its measurement should advance diagnosis/treatment of these conditions. Although several assays have been developed, a gold standard is still lacking, and efforts toward harmonization are ongoing. Nevertheless, promising applications can already be glimpsed, ranging from the use of hepcidin levels for diagnosing iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia to global health applications such as guiding safe iron supplementation in developing countries with high infection burden.
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28
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A Rapid and Sensitive LC–MS–MS Method for Determination of Hepcidin-25 in Human Serum, and Measurement of its Diurnal Rhythm for Healthy Subjects. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Koenig MD, Tussing-Humphreys L, Day J, Cadwell B, Nemeth E. Hepcidin and iron homeostasis during pregnancy. Nutrients 2014; 6:3062-83. [PMID: 25093277 PMCID: PMC4145295 DOI: 10.3390/nu6083062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is the master regulator of systemic iron bioavailability in humans. This review examines primary research articles that assessed hepcidin during pregnancy and postpartum and report its relationship to maternal and infant iron status and birth outcomes; areas for future research are also discussed. A systematic search of the databases Medline and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health returned 16 primary research articles including 10 human and six animal studies. Collectively, the results indicate that hepcidin is lower during pregnancy than in a non-pregnant state, presumably to ensure greater iron bioavailability to the mother and fetus. Pregnant women with undetectable serum hepcidin transferred a greater quantity of maternally ingested iron to their fetus compared to women with detectable hepcidin, indicating that maternal hepcidin in part determines the iron bioavailability to the fetus. However, inflammatory states, including preeclampsia, malaria infection, and obesity were associated with higher hepcidin during pregnancy compared to healthy controls, suggesting that maternal and fetal iron bioavailability could be compromised in such conditions. Future studies should examine the relative contribution of maternal versus fetal hepcidin to the control of placental iron transfer as well as optimizing maternal and fetal iron bioavailability in pregnancies complicated by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dawn Koenig
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago 845 S. Damen Ave., Room 814 (MC802), Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Division of Health Promotion Research, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
| | - Jessica Day
- Sumter Family Health Center, 1278 N Lafayette Drive Sumter, SC 29150, USA.
| | - Brooke Cadwell
- School of Nursing, Yale University, 100 Church Street South, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- UCLA, Department of Medicine, Center for Iron Disorders, University of California Los Angeles, CHS 52-239, 10833 Le Conte Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA.
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Pentoxifylline does not alter the concentration of hepcidin in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Int J Artif Organs 2014; 37:521-8. [PMID: 25044383 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anemia is a frequent condition in patients with chronic kidney disease due to a reduction in the production of erythropoietin. Patients with inflammation respond less well to treatment with erythropoietin, possibly because the increased production of hepcidin reduces the availability of iron for hematopoiesis. Some studies suggest that pentoxifylline has anti-inflammatory properties and could be used as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of anemia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of pentoxifylline on serum hepcidin in chronic hemodialysis patients with inflammation. METHODS 71 adult patients on hemodialysis with C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥0.5 mg/dl in screening tests; patients were randomized to the treatment group (oral pentoxifylline 400 mg/thrice-weekly) or the control group for 3 months follow-up. RESULTS During the study, a decrease in hemoglobin, transferrin saturation, and hepcidin was observed in both groups. However, these reductions were related to the time and not to the drug. There was no difference in the concentrations of CRP, ferritin, and albumin over time in either group. CONCLUSIONS The use of this amount of pentoxifylline did not modify the serum levels of hepcidin in this population.
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Validation of hepcidin quantification in plasma using LC-HRMS and discovery of a new hepcidin isoform. Bioanalysis 2014; 5:2509-20. [PMID: 24138624 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepcidin, a 25 amino acid peptide, plays an important role in iron homeostasis. Some hepcidin truncated peptides have antibiotic effects. RESULTS A new analytical method for hepcidin determination in human plasma using LC-HRMS operating in full-scan acquisition mode has been validated. The extraction consists of protein precipitation and a drying reconstitution step; a 2.1 x 50 mm (idxL) C18 analytical column was used. Detection specificity, stability, accuracy, precision and recoveries were determined. The LOQ/LOD were 0.25/0.1 nM, respectively. More than 600 injections of plasma extracts were performed, allowing evaluation of the assay robustness. Hepcidin-20, hepcidin-22 and a new isoform, hepcidin-24, were detected in patients. CONCLUSION The data underscore the usefulness of LC-HRMS for in-depth investigations related to hepcidin levels and pathways.
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Takasawa K, Tomosugi N, Takaeda C, Maeda T, Ueda N. Regulation of Hepcidin-25 by Short- and Long-Acting rhEPO May Be Dependent on Ferritin and Predict the Response to rhEPO in Hemodialysis Patients. NEPHRON EXTRA 2014; 4:55-63. [PMID: 24847351 PMCID: PMC4024510 DOI: 10.1159/000362212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims We examined whether regulation of hepcidin-25 by short- or long-acting recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is dependent on ferritin and predicts the response to rhEPO in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods Two studies with rhEPO were performed in 9 HD patients with a 2-year interval. Serum hepcidin-25 was measured at 0-18 h after intravenous epoetin-β (EPO) or methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin-β (PEG-EPO) administration and on days 3-7 after PEG-EPO. Hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin, transferrin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin (IL)-6 were analyzed before hepcidin measurement and 6 months after rhEPO. Based on the serum ferritin levels before hepcidin measurement, the patients in the two studies with EPO or PEG-EPO were combined into low (11; serum ferritin of <15.0 ng/ml) and high ferritin groups (7; serum ferritin of ≥15.0 ng/ml). The response of hepcidin-25 to rhEPO and the effect of rhEPO on anemia were compared between the groups. Results The serum hepcidin-25 levels rose at 6-9 h and returned to the baseline at 18 h after EPO. They rose at 6-9 h, returned to the baseline at 18 h, and decreased on day 5-7 after PEG-EPO. Serum hepcidin-25 levels were low (<5.0 ng/ml) in the low ferritin group, but rose at 6-9 h after rhEPO in the high ferritin group. Serum transferrin levels were similar, and CRP and IL-6 were normal in both groups. Hb tended to increase in the low ferritin group, but it significantly decreased in the high ferritin group after rhEPO. Conclusion Regulation of hepcidin-25 by rhEPO may be dependent on ferritin, affecting the response to rhEPO in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Takasawa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Naohisa Tomosugi
- Division of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Chikako Takaeda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Norishi Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Japan
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Abstract
Standardization of hormone determinations is important because it simplifies interpretation of results and facilitates the use of common reference values for different assays. Progress in standardization has been achieved through the introduction of more homogeneous hormone standards for peptide and protein hormones. However, many automated methods for determinations of steroid hormones do not provide satisfactory result. Isotope dilution-mass spectrometry (ID-MS) has been used to establish reference methods for steroid hormone determinations and is now increasingly used for routine determinations of steroids and other low molecular weight compounds. Reference methods for protein hormones based on MS are being developed and these promise to improve standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Biomedicum, Helsinki University, PB 63, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
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Laarakkers CMM, Wiegerinck ET, Klaver S, Kolodziejczyk M, Gille H, Hohlbaum AM, Tjalsma H, Swinkels DW. Improved mass spectrometry assay for plasma hepcidin: detection and characterization of a novel hepcidin isoform. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75518. [PMID: 24124495 PMCID: PMC3790851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based assays for the quantification of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin are pivotal to discriminate between the bioactive 25-amino acid form that can effectively block the sole iron transporter ferroportin and other naturally occurring smaller isoforms without a known role in iron metabolism. Here we describe the design, validation and use of a novel stable hepcidin-25+40 isotope as internal standard for quantification. Importantly, the relative large mass shift of 40 Da makes this isotope also suitable for easy-to-use medium resolution linear time-of-flight (TOF) platforms. As expected, implementation of hepcidin-25+40 as internal standard in our weak cation exchange (WCX) TOF MS method yielded very low inter/intra run coefficients of variation. Surprisingly, however, in samples from kidney disease patients, we detected a novel peak (m/z 2673.9) with low intensity that could be identified as hepcidin-24 and had previously remained unnoticed due to peak interference with the formerly used internal standard. Using a cell-based bioassay it was shown that synthetic hepcidin-24 was, like the -22 and -20 isoforms, a significantly less potent inducer of ferroportin degradation than hepcidin-25. During prolonged storage of plasma at room temperature, we observed that a decrease in plasma hepcidin-25 was paralleled by an increase in the levels of the hepcidin-24, -22 and -20 isoforms. This provides first evidence that all determinants for the conversion of hepcidin-25 to smaller inactive isoforms are present in the circulation, which may contribute to the functional suppression of hepcidin-25, that is significantly elevated in patients with renal impairment. The present update of our hepcidin TOF MS assay together with improved insights in the source and preparation of the internal standard, and sample stability will further improve our understanding of circulating hepcidin and pave the way towards further optimization and standardization of plasma hepcidin assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coby M. M. Laarakkers
- Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin T. Wiegerinck
- Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Siem Klaver
- Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Harold Tjalsma
- Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorine W. Swinkels
- Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
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37
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Wolff F, Deleers M, Melot C, Gulbis B, Cotton F. Hepcidin-25: Measurement by LC–MS/MS in serum and urine, reference ranges and urinary fractional excretion. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 423:99-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Huang MLH, Austin CJD, Sari MA, Suryo Rahmanto Y, Ponka P, Vyoral D, Richardson DR. Hepcidin bound to α2-macroglobulin reduces ferroportin-1 expression and enhances its activity at reducing serum iron levels. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25450-25465. [PMID: 23846698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.471573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin regulates iron metabolism by down-regulating ferroportin-1 (Fpn1). We demonstrated that hepcidin is complexed to the blood transport protein, α2-macroglobulin (α2M) (Peslova, G., Petrak, J., Kuzelova, K., Hrdy, I., Halada, P., Kuchel, P. W., Soe-Lin, S., Ponka, P., Sutak, R., Becker, E., Huang, M. L., Suryo Rahmanto, Y., Richardson, D. R., and Vyoral, D. (2009) Blood 113, 6225-6236). However, nothing is known about the mechanism of hepcidin binding to α2M or the effects of the α2M·hepcidin complex in vivo. We show that decreased Fpn1 expression can be mediated by hepcidin bound to native α2M and also, for the first time, hepcidin bound to methylamine-activated α2M (α2M-MA). Passage of high molecular weight α2M·hepcidin or α2M-MA·hepcidin complexes (≈725 kDa) through a Sephadex G-25 size exclusion column retained their ability to decrease Fpn1 expression. Further studies using ultrafiltration indicated that hepcidin binding to α2M and α2M-MA was labile, resulting in some release from the protein, and this may explain its urinary excretion. To determine whether α2M-MA·hepcidin is delivered to cells via the α2M receptor (Lrp1), we assessed α2M uptake and Fpn1 expression in Lrp1(-/-) and Lrp1(+/+) cells. Interestingly, α2M·hepcidin or α2M-MA·hepcidin demonstrated similar activities at decreasing Fpn1 expression in Lrp1(-/-) and Lrp1(+/+) cells, indicating that Lrp1 is not essential for Fpn1 regulation. In vivo, hepcidin bound to α2M or α2M-MA did not affect plasma clearance of α2M/α2M-MA. However, serum iron levels were reduced to a significantly greater extent in mice treated with α2M·hepcidin or α2M-MA·hepcidin relative to unbound hepcidin. This effect could be mediated by the ability of α2M or α2M-MA to retard kidney filtration of bound hepcidin, increasing its half-life. A model is proposed that suggests that unlike proteases, which are irreversibly bound to activated α2M, hepcidin remains labile and available to down-regulate Fpn1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Li-Hsuan Huang
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Christopher J D Austin
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Marie-Agnès Sari
- the Université Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR8601 CNRS, 45 Rue des Saints Peres, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Yohan Suryo Rahmanto
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Prem Ponka
- the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2, Canada
| | - Daniel Vyoral
- the Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, Prague 2, 128 20, Czech Republic, and; the First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University in Prague, U Nemocnice 5, Prague 2, 128 53, Czech Republic
| | - Des R Richardson
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia,.
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40
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Ikeda Y, Tajima S, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Kihira Y, Ishizawa K, Tomita S, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T. Estrogen regulates hepcidin expression via GPR30-BMP6-dependent signaling in hepatocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40465. [PMID: 22792339 PMCID: PMC3394730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin, a liver-derived iron regulatory protein, plays a crucial role in iron metabolism. It is known that gender differences exist with respect to iron storage in the body; however, the effects of sex steroid hormones on iron metabolism are not completely understood. We focused on the effects of the female sex hormone estrogen on hepcidin expression. First, ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated mice were employed to investigate the effects of estrogen on hepcidin expression in an in vivo study. Hepcidin expression was decreased in the livers of OVX mice compared to the sham-operated mice. In OVX mice, bone morphologic protein-6 (BMP6), a regulator of hepcidin, was also found to be downregulated in the liver, whereas ferroportin (FPN), an iron export protein, was upregulated in the duodenum. Both serum and liver iron concentrations were elevated in OVX mice relative to their concentrations in sham-operated mice. In in vitro studies, 17β-estradiol (E(2)) increased the mRNA expression of hepcidin in HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. E(2)-induced hepatic hepcidin upregulation was not inhibited by ICI 182720, an inhibitor of the estrogen receptor; instead, hepcidin expression was increased by ICI 182720. E(2) and ICI 182720 exhibit agonist actions with G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), the 7-transmembrane estrogen receptor. G1, a GPR30 agonist, upregulated hepcidin expression, and GPR30 siRNA treatment abolished E(2)-induced hepcidin expression. BMP6 expression induced by E(2) was abolished by GPR30 silencing. Finally, both E(2) and G1 supplementation restored reduced hepatic hepcidin and BMP6 expression and reversed the augmentation of duodenal FPN expression in the OVX mice. In contrast, serum hepcidin was elevated in OVX mice, which was reversed in these mice with E(2) and G1. Thus, estrogen is involved in hepcidin expression via a GPR30-BMP6-dependent mechanism, providing new insight into the role of estrogen in iron metabolism.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/blood
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/genetics
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/metabolism
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6/metabolism
- Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Duodenum/metabolism
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estradiol/physiology
- Estrogens/pharmacology
- Estrogens/physiology
- Female
- Fulvestrant
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Hep G2 Cells
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepcidins
- Humans
- Intestinal Absorption
- Iron/blood
- Iron/metabolism
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/agonists
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
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Itkonen O, Stenman UH, Parkkinen J, Soliymani R, Baumann M, Hämäläinen E. Binding of Hepcidin to Plasma Proteins. Clin Chem 2012; 58:1158-60. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.186916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Outi Itkonen
- HUSLAB Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- HUSLAB Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and
| | - Jaakko Parkkinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rabah Soliymani
- Protein Chemistry Unit Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy Biomedicum Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marc Baumann
- Protein Chemistry Unit Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy Biomedicum Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Hämäläinen
- HUSLAB Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and
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