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Mahrooz A. Pleiotropic functions and clinical importance of circulating HDL-PON1 complex. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:132-171. [PMID: 38797541 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) functions are mostly mediated through a complex proteome, particularly its enzymes. HDL can provide a scaffold for the assembly of several proteins that affect each other's function. HDL particles, particularly small, dense HDL3, are rich in paraoxonase 1 (PON1), which is an important enzyme in the functionality of HDL, so the antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties of HDL are largely attributed to this enzyme. There is an increasing need to represent a valid, reproducible, and reliable method to assay HDL function in routine clinical laboratories. In this context, HDL-associated proteins may be key players; notably PON1 activity (its arylesterase activity) may be a proper candidate because its decreased activity can be considered an important risk factor for HDL dysfunctionality. Of note, automated methods have been developed for the measurement of serum PON1 activity that facilitates its assay in large sample numbers. Arylesterase activity is proposed as a preferred activity among the different activities of PON1 for its assay in epidemiological studies. The binding of PON1 to HDL is critical for the maintenance of its activity and it appears apolipoprotein A-I plays an important role in HDL-PON1 interaction as well as in the biochemical and enzymatic properties of PON1. The interrelationships between HDL, PON1, and HDL's other components are complex and incompletely understood. The purpose of this review is to discuss biochemical and clinical evidence considering the interactions of PON1 with HDL and the role of this enzyme as an appropriate biomarker for HDL function as well as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkarim Mahrooz
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Nedić S, Đurić M, Vakanjac S, Arsić S, Nedić S, Samardžija M, Borozan S. Relationship between biochemical parameters and paraoxonase 1 activity of boar seminal plasma and semen quality. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1243-1253. [PMID: 36600008 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the biochemical components and the parameters of antioxidant protection in the seminal plasma (SP) of boars, as well as their relationship with semen quality parameters. Thirty-six boars were included in the study, whose ejaculates were divided into two groups: Group I (good quality semen, > 70% progressively motile sperm, < 20% spermatozoa with abnormal morphology, n = 16), and Group II (poor quality semen, < 70% progressively motile sperm, > 20% spermatozoa with abnormal morphology, n = 20). Significantly higher concentrations of ionized calcium (iCa), total cholesterol (TC), lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, as well as significantly higher values of antioxidant protection parameters: thiol groups (-SH), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) ) were found in the good quality semen, while higher phosphorus (P) concentrations and increased alkaline-phosphatase (ALP) activity were found in the semen of poor quality. A negative correlation of total and progressive sperm motility with P and ALP was found in all examined semen samples, while a positive correlation was found with PON1 and TAC. The percentage of fast sperm cells positively correlated with iCa, chlorine (Cl), lactate, LDH and TAC, while a negative correlation was found with P, magnesium (Mg) and the enzyme creatine-kinase (CK). The percentage of immobile sperm positively correlated with P and ALP, and negatively correlated with TC, CK, PON1 and TAC. Elevated values of PON1 and TAC in SP and a positive correlation with sperm motility indicate the possible use of these parameters as sensitive biomarkers of boar semen quality. To the best of our knowledge there are no published data on association between PON1 activity and boar semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Nedić
- Department of Reproduction, Fertility and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Miloje Đurić
- Department of Reproduction, Fertility and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Vakanjac
- Department of Reproduction, Fertility and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sveta Arsić
- Department of Ruminants and Swine Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sreten Nedić
- Department of Ruminants and Swine Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Samardžija
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sunčica Borozan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Djekic S, Vekic J, Zeljkovic A, Kotur-Stevuljevic J, Kafedzic S, Zdravkovic M, Ilic I, Hinic S, Cerovic M, Stefanovic M, Mihajlovic M, Neskovic A, Bogavac-Stanojevic N. HDL Subclasses and the Distribution of Paraoxonase-1 Activity in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119384. [PMID: 37298334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this multicentric study was to assess the impacts of oxidative stress, inflammation, and the presence of small, dense, low-density lipoproteins (sdLDL) on the antioxidative function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses and the distribution of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity within HDL in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). In 69 STEMI patients and 67 healthy control subjects, the lipoproteins' subclasses were separated using polyacrylamide gradient (3-31%) gel electrophoresis. The relative proportion of sdLDL and each HDL subclass was evaluated by measuring the areas under the peaks of densitometric scans. The distribution of the relative proportion of PON1 activity within the HDL subclasses (pPON1 within HDL) was estimated using the zymogram method. The STEMI patients had significantly lower proportions of HDL2a and HDL3a subclasses (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and lower pPON1 within HDL3b (p = 0.006), as well as higher proportions of HDL3b and HDL3c subclasses (p = 0.013 and p < 0.001, respectively) and higher pPON1 within HDL2 than the controls. Independent positive associations between sdLDL and pPON1 within HDL3a and between malondialdehyde (MDA) and pPON1 within HDL2b were shown in the STEMI group. The increased oxidative stress and increased proportion of sdLDL in STEMI are closely related to the compromised antioxidative function of small HDL3 particles and the altered pPON1 within HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saska Djekic
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics Public Health Institution "Health Center", 74000 Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Kafedzic
- Clinical Hospital Center "Zemun", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Zdravkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinical Hospital Center "Bezanijska Kosa", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Ilic
- Clinical Hospital Center "Zemun", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasa Hinic
- Clinical Hospital Center "Bezanijska Kosa", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Marija Mihajlovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Neskovic
- Clinical Hospital Center "Zemun", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Bogavac-Stanojevic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Overweight and obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome: association with inflammation, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:604-612. [PMID: 34511137 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with altered lipid profile and increased small, dense LDL particles (sdLDL). Considering that paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidative enzyme located on HDL particles, the aim of this study was to investigate the connection between oxidative stress (OS) and PON1 activity with lipoprotein subclasses in PCOS depending on obesity. In 115 PCOS patients, lipoprotein subclasses distributions were determined by gradient gel electrophoresis. OS status was assessed by total oxidative status (TOS), advanced oxidation protein products, malondialdehyde (MDA), prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), total antioxidative status (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and PON1 activity. Overweight/obese PCOS patients (n 55) had increased OS compared with normal weight patients (n 60). In addition, overweight/obese group had lower HDL size and higher proportion of HDL 3a subclasses (P < 0·05). PAB was in negative correlation with HDL 2a (P < 0·001), whereas MDA and SOD correlated positively with HDL 3 subclasses (P < 0·05). Serum PON1 activity was positively associated with proportions of PON1 activity on HDL 2b (P < 0·05) and 2a (P < 0·01), but negatively with the proportion on HDL 3 particles (P < 0·01). LDL B phenotype patients had increased TAS, SOD and PON1 activity on HDL 2b, but decreased PON1 activity on HDL 3 subclasses. OS is associated with altered lipoprotein subclasses distribution in PCOS patients. Obesity in PCOS affects the profile of HDL subclasses, reflected through the reduced proportion of PON1 activity on HDL 3 subclasses in the presence of sdLDL particles.
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Fang BK, Dai CY, Severance S, Hwang CC, Huang CH, Hou SY, Yeh BL, Gong MM, Chou YH, Wang JJ, Wang TP. Sensitive Assay for the Lactonase Activity of Serum Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) by Harnessing the Fluorescence Turn-On Characteristics of Bioorthogonally Synthesized and Geometrically Controlled Chemical Probes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082435. [PMID: 35458635 PMCID: PMC9027646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactonase activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has a crucial antiatherogenic function, and also serves as an important biochemical marker in human blood because the aberrant lactonase activity of PON1 is a key indicator for a number of diverse human diseases. However, no sensitive fluorescence assays that detect PON1 lactonase activity are available. We report the synthesis of two fluorescence turn-on chemical probes 16a and 16b (16) able to quantify PON1 lactonase activity. The chemical probes were constructed utilizing a disulfide-containing bicyclononyne, derivatives of rhodamine B and carboxyfluorescein, and reactions including copper-free azide–alkyne cycloaddition. Fluorescence quenching in 16 was characterized by spectroscopic studies and was mainly attributed to the effect of contact quenching. Kinetic analysis of 16b confirmed the outstanding reactivity and specificity of 16b with thiols in the presence of general base catalysts. The 16b-based assay was employed to determine PON1 lactonase activity, with a linear range of 10.8–232.1 U L−1 and detection limit (LOD) of 10.8 U L−1, to quantify serum PON1 activity in human sera, and to determine the Ki of 20.9 μM for the 2-hydroxyquinoline inhibition of PON1 lactonase. We are employing 16b to develop high-throughput assays for PON1 lactonase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kai Fang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Scott Severance
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA;
| | - Chi-Ching Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Chien-Hui Huang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
| | - Sin-Yu Hou
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
| | - Bao-Lin Yeh
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
| | - Ming-Mao Gong
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
| | - Yun-Hao Chou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Jeh-Jeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
| | - Tzu-Pin Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2756); Fax: +886-7-312-5339
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Vekic J, Zeljkovic A, Al Rasadi K, Cesur M, Silva-Nunes J, Stoian AP, Rizzo M. A New Look at Novel Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers: The Role of Atherogenic Lipoproteins and Innovative Antidiabetic Therapies. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020108. [PMID: 35208183 PMCID: PMC8879153 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of residual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is a current dilemma in clinical practice; indeed, despite optimal management and treatment, a considerable proportion of patients still undergo major CV events. Novel lipoprotein biomarkers are suggested as possible targets for improving the outcomes of patients at higher risk for CVD, and their impact on major CV events and mortality have previously been investigated. Innovative antidiabetic therapies have recently shown a significant reduction in atherogenic lipoproteins, beyond their effects on glucose parameters; it has also been suggested that such anti-atherogenic effect may represent a valuable mechanistic explanation for the cardiovascular benefit of, at least, some of the novel antidiabetic agents, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. This emphasizes the need for further research in the field in order to clearly assess the effects of innovative treatments on different novel biomarkers, including atherogenic lipoproteins, such as small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The current article discusses the clinical importance of novel lipid biomarkers for better management of patients in order to overcome residual cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Khalid Al Rasadi
- Medical Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Mustafa Cesur
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Ankara Güven Hospital, Ankara 06680, Turkey;
| | - José Silva-Nunes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ivanišević J, Ardalić D, Banjac G, Janać J, Cabunac P, Vekić J, Zeljković A, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V, Karadžov Orlić N, Mandić Marković V, Miković Ž, Stefanović A. Antioxidant status in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy 2021; 41:31-38. [PMID: 34903142 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2021.2013875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Pregnancy can be associated with maternal hypertension leading to possible complications in pregnancy outcome. Antioxidant status may be proned to changes during pregnancy with hypertension. The aim of our study was to estimate antioxidant status through high-risk pregnancies.Methods: Seventy-nine pregnant women with high-risk for preeclampsia development were included and 46 of them developed some hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. Superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities and relative proportion of PON1 activiity on different HDL subclasses were determined in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester and prior to delivery.Results: SOD activity was significantly lower in 2nd and 3rd trimesters when compared to 1st trimester (P˂0.001) whereas PON1 activity was significantly higher in 3rd than in 1st trimester (P˂0.05) in group of hypertensive women. This group had significantly higher SOD and PON1 activities and relative proportion of PON1 on HDL3c subclasses in the 1st trimester, significantly increased PON1 in the 3rd trimester and prior to delivery and significantly higher PON1 activity on HDL3c subclasses (P˂0.05) than nonhypertensive group. In 1st trimester and prior to delivery, total PON1 activity and relative proportion of PON1 on HDL3c subclasses exhibited significant ability to mark out hypertension in pregnancy (P˂0.05).Conclusions: SOD activity decreased whereas total PON1 activity increased during pregnancy with hypertension. Pregnant women with hypertension had higher activities of PON1 and SOD and relative proportion of PON1 on HDL3c subclasses than nonhypertensive ones. PON1 activity and relative proportion of PON1 on HDL3c subclasses exhibited significant association with hypertension in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Ivanišević
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Daniela Ardalić
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic "Narodni Front", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gorica Banjac
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic "Narodni Front", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Janać
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Cabunac
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic "Narodni Front", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Zeljković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Željko Miković
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic "Narodni Front", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stefanović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Distribution of Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and Lipoprotein Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) across Lipoprotein Subclasses in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1752940. [PMID: 30524650 PMCID: PMC6247389 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1752940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) may exert an important protective role by preventing the oxidative transformation of high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL, respectively). The activity of both enzymes is influenced by lipidome and proteome of the lipoprotein carriers. T2DM typically presents significant changes in the molecular composition of the lipoprotein subclasses. Thus, it becomes relevant to understand the interaction of PON1 and Lp-PLA2 with the subspecies of HDL, LDL, and other lipoproteins in T2DM. Serum levels of PON1-arylesterase and PON1-lactonase and Lp-PLA2 activities and lipoprotein subclasses were measured in 202 nondiabetic subjects (controls) and 92 T2DM outpatients. Arylesterase, but not lactonase or Lp-PLA2 activities, was inversely associated with TD2M after adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, sex, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, and lipoprotein subclasses (odds ratio = 3.389, 95% confidence interval 1.069–14.756). Marked difference between controls and T2DM subjects emerged from the analyses of the associations of the three enzyme activities and lipoprotein subclasses. Arylesterase was independently related with large HDL-C and small intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol (IDL-C) in controls while, along with lactonase, it was related with small low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C, all IDL-C subspecies, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in T2DM (p < 0.05 for all). Concerning Lp-PLA2, there were significant relationships with small LDL-C, large IDL-C, and VLDL-C only among T2DM subjects. Our study showed that T2DM subjects have lower levels of PON1-arylesterase compared to controls and that T2DM occurrence may coincide with a shift of PON1 and Lp-PLA2 towards the more proatherogenic lipoprotein subclasses. The possibility of a link between the two observed phenomena requires further investigations.
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Park J, Kim J, Hwang S, Chung KY, Choi I, Choi CB, Kim J. Gender-dependent difference in serum paraoxonase 1 levels of Hanwoo, Korean native cattle, and a positive association with meat quality. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 32:437-441. [PMID: 30145873 PMCID: PMC6409467 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a calcium-dependent serum enzyme, has been shown to be involved in lipid metabolism. In this study, we examined the putative correlation of the serum PON1 level of Hanwoo, Korean native cattle, with gender and meat quality grade. METHODS PON1 levels were estimated by determining the arylesterase and paraoxonase activities (AE and PO, respectively) in serum samples from Hanwoo individuals (n = 56). Serum PON1 levels were analyzed in different gender groups (female [n = 21], castrated male [n = 17], and male [n = 18]), and meat quality grades (≥1 [n = 23], 2 [n = 21], and 3 [n = 12]). RESULTS Serum PON1 levels were similar in female (AE = 120±55 U/mL, PO = 84±43 mU/mL) and castrated male (123±44 U/mL, PO = 89±30 mU/mL), while male showed a significantly lower level (AE = 65±43 U/mL, PO = 44±34 mU/mL). Furthermore, analysis of serum PON1 levels in three different grades of meat quality showed similar levels in the grades ≥1 (AE = 118±49 U/mL, PO = 84±37 mU/mL) and 2 (AE = 116±54 U/mL, PO = 82±43 mU/mL), while the level was significantly lower in the grade 3 (AE = 58±35 U/mL, PO = 39±27 mU/mL) of lower meat quality. CONCLUSION We discovered the gender-dependent differences in serum PON1 levels of Hanwoo and a positive association of the serum PON1 level with meat quality. Results in this study suggest that PON1 would be a useful serum marker for preliminary screening of Hanwoo individuals with high-quality meat and applicable for genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Jiwoo Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sungwon Hwang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Ki Young Chung
- Hanwoo Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyongchang 25340, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Chang Bon Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Einbinder Y, Biron-Shental T, Agassi-Zaitler M, Tzadikevitch-Geffen K, Vaya J, Khatib S, Ohana M, Benchetrit S, Zitman-Gal T. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) composition and function in preeclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 298:405-413. [PMID: 29938347 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate (a) the properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)/cholesterol, which include apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1) and paraoxonase1 (PON1), both are negative predictors of cardiovascular risk and (b) HDL function, among women with preeclampsia (PE). PE is a multi-system disorder, characterized by onset of hypertension and proteinuria or other end-organ dysfunction in the second half of pregnancy. Preeclampsia is associated with increased risk for later cardiovascular disease. The inverse association between HDL, cholesterol levels and the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is well-established. METHODS Twenty-five pregnant women [19 with PE and 6 with normal pregnancy (NP)] were recruited during admission for delivery. HDL was isolated from blood samples. PON1 activity and HDL were analyzed. An in vitro model of endothelial cells was used to evaluate the effect of HDL on the transcription response of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression. RESULTS PON1 activity (units/ml serum) was lower in the PE group compared to normal pregnancy (NP) (6.51 ± 0.73 vs. 9.98 ± 0.54; P = 0.015). Increased ApoA1 was released from PE-HDL as compared to NP-HDL (3.54 ± 0.72 vs. 0.89 ± 0.35; P = 0.01). PE-HDL exhibited increased VCAM-1 mRNA expression and decreased eNOS mRNA expression on TNF-α stimulated endothelial cells as compared to NP-HDL. CONCLUSIONS HDL from women with PE reduced PON1 activity and increased ApoA1 release from HDL particles. This process was associated with increased HDL diameter, suggesting impaired HDL anti-oxidant activity. These changes might contribute to higher long-term cardiovascular risks among women with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Einbinder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Biron-Shental
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | | | - Keren Tzadikevitch-Geffen
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Jacob Vaya
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, Migdal-Galilee Technology Center, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, Migdal-Galilee Technology Center, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Meital Ohana
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Sydney Benchetrit
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Zitman-Gal
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to focus on the outcome of recent antioxidant interventions using synthetic and naturally occurring molecules established as adjuvant strategies to lipid-lowering or anti-inflammatory therapies designed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS To date, accumulated evidence regarding oxidation as a pro-atherogenic factor indicates that redox biochemical events involved in atherogenesis are indeed a very attractive target for the management of cardiovascular disease in the clinic. Nevertheless, although evidence indicates that redox reactions are important in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, oxidation with a pro-atherogenic context does not eliminate the fact that oxidation participates in many cases as an essential messenger of important cellular signaling pathways. Therefore, disease management and therapeutic goals require not only high-precision and high-sensitivity methods to detect in plasma very low amounts of reducing and oxidizing molecules but also a much better understanding of the normal processes and metabolic pathways influenced and/or controlled by oxidative stress. As several methodologies have been specifically described for the quantification of the total antioxidant capacity and the oxidation state of diverse biological systems, a successful way to carefully study how redox reactions influence atherosclerosis can be achieved. Since there is still a lack of standardization with many of these methods, clinical trials studying antioxidant capacity have been difficult to compare and therefore difficult to use in order to reach a conclusion. We believe a comprehensive analysis of new knowledge and its relationship with the presence of plasma antioxidants and their reducing capacity will undoubtedly open new ways to understand and develop new therapeutic pathways in the fight not only against atherosclerosis but also against other degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Toledo-Ibelles
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Mas-Oliva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Kuburovic V, Vekic J, Zeljkovic A, Carrie A, Kotur-Stevuljevic J, Bojanin D, Kosutic J, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Miljkovic M, Kuburovic N, Couvert P. The usefulness of advanced lipid and oxidative stress testing for diagnosis and management of low HDL-cholesterol phenotype: A case report. Clin Biochem 2017. [PMID: 28648695 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is a strong inverse predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Tangier disease, a consequence of mutations in the ATP binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) gene, is associated with very low HDL-C levels. Still, the relationship between Tangier disease and CVD is not always evident. The study investigates usefulness of lipoprotein subfractions, oxidative stress and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) status assessment for evaluation and management of patient with low HDL-C phenotype. PATIENT AND METHODS A 12-year-old boy was hospitalised due to hypertension. Laboratory evaluation revealed low HDL-C level, and subsequent molecular diagnostic confirmed Tangier disease. Lipoprotein subfractions were assessed by gradient-gel electrophoresis. Oxidative stress status was estimated by measuring total antioxidative status, total oxidative status, prooxidative-antioxidative balance, malondialdehyde and advanced oxidation protein products levels. Activity of paraoxonase 1 in serum and its distribution within HDL subclasses was also determined (ten healthy boys aged 13.1±3.4years served as the reference group). RESULTS Analysis of oxidative stress status biomarkers revealed a state of prolonged prooxidants activity. In turn, serum PON1 activity was substantially reduced. The majority of PON1 activity was present on HDL 2 particles. CONCLUSION Impaired antioxidative potential of HDL may point toward hidden cardiovascular risk in isolated low HDL-phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kuburovic
- Mother and Child Healthcare Institute of Serbia, Radoja Dakica 6, New Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alain Carrie
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Pôle de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Bd de l'Hôpital 47, Paris, France
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Bojanin
- Mother and Child Healthcare Institute of Serbia, Radoja Dakica 6, New Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Kosutic
- Mother and Child Healthcare Institute of Serbia, Radoja Dakica 6, New Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Spasojevic-Kalimanovska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Miljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Kuburovic
- Mother and Child Healthcare Institute of Serbia, Radoja Dakica 6, New Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Philippe Couvert
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Pôle de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Bd de l'Hôpital 47, Paris, France
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13
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Kim K, Bloom MS, Fujimoto VY, Browne RW. Associations between PON1 enzyme activities in human ovarian follicular fluid and serum specimens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172193. [PMID: 28196109 PMCID: PMC5308615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle components to reproduction is increasingly recognized, including the constituent paraoxonase 1 (PON1). However, the reliability characteristics of PON1 enzymes in ovarian follicular fluid (FF) as biomarkers for clinical and epidemiologic studies have not been described. Therefore, we characterized PON1 enzymes in FF and serum and assessed the impact of the PON1 Q192R polymorphism on associations between enzyme activities in two compartments. We also evaluated associations between HDL particle size and enzyme activities. We collected FF and serum from 171 women undergoing in vitro fertilization. PON1 activities were measured as paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, and HDL particle size was determined by 1H NMR spectrometry. Reliability indices for PON1 activities were characterized and we evaluated HDL particle sizes as predictors of PON1 enzyme activities. We found that PON1 enzyme activities were correlated between compartments, but higher in serum than in FF. For FF, the index of individuality (II) was low and the coefficient of variation (CV%) was high for paraoxonase activity overall (0.12 and 11.51%, respectively). However, IIs increased (0.33–1.30) and CV%s decreased (5.58%-8.52%) when stratified by PON1 Q192R phenotype. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for FF paraoxonase activity was high overall (0.89) but decreased when stratified by PON1 Q192R phenotype (0.43–0.75). We found similar, although more modest, patterns for FF arylesterase activity. For enzyme activities in serum, ICCs were close to 1.00 across all phenotypes. Additionally, different HDL particle sizes predicted PON1 enzyme activities according to PON1 Q192R phenotype. Overall, stratification by PON1 Q192R phenotype improved the reliability characteristics of FF PON1 enzymes as biomarkers for use in clinical investigations but diminished usefulness for epidemiologic studies. Thus, we recommend stratification by PON1 Q192R phenotype for clinical but not epidemiologic investigations, when employing FF PON1 enzyme activity biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keewan Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Bloom
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Victor Y. Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Richard W. Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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14
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Short-term isocaloric fructose restriction lowers apoC-III levels and yields less atherogenic lipoprotein profiles in children with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:171-177. [PMID: 27451002 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary fructose may play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In a recently published study of obese children with MetS, we showed that isocaloric fructose restriction reduced fasting triglyceride (TG) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). In these ancillary analyses, we tested the hypothesis that these effects were also accompanied by improved quantitative and qualitative changes in LDL and HDL subclasses and their apolipoproteins; as well as change in VLDL, particularly apoC-III. METHODS Obese children with MetS (n = 37) consumed a diet that matched self-reported macronutrient composition for nine days, with the exception that dietary fructose was reduced from 11.7 ± 4.0% to 3.8 ± 0.5% of daily calories and substituted with glucose (in starch). Participants underwent fasting biochemical analyses on Days 0 and 10. HDL and LDL subclasses were analyzed using the Lipoprint HDL and LDL subfraction analysis systems from Quantimetrix. RESULTS Significant reductions in apoB (78 ± 24 vs. 66 ± 24 mg/dl) apoC-III (8.7 ± 3.5 vs. 6.5 ± 2.6 mg/dl) and apoE (4.6 ± 2.3 vs. 3.6 ± 1.1 mg/dl), all p < 0.001) were observed. LDL size increased by 0.87 Å (p = 0.008). Small dense LDL was present in 25% of our cohort and decreased by 68% (p = 0.04). Small HDL decreased by 2.7% (p < 0.001) and large HDL increased by 2.4% (p = 0.04). The TG/HDL-C ratio decreased from 3.1 ± 2.5 to 2.4 ± 1.4 (p = 0.02). These changes in fasting lipid profiles correlated with changes in insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Isocaloric fructose restriction for 9 days improved lipoprotein markers of CVD risk in children with obesity and MetS. The most dramatic reduction was seen for apoC-III, which has been associated with atherogenic hypertriglyceridemia.
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15
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López-Olmos V, Carreón-Torres E, Luna-Luna M, Flores-Castillo C, Martínez-Ramírez M, Bautista-Pérez R, Franco M, Sandoval-Zárate J, Roldán FJ, Aranda-Fraustro A, Soria-Castro E, Muñoz-Vega M, Fragoso JM, Vargas-Alarcón G, Pérez-Méndez O. Increased HDL Size and Enhanced Apo A-I Catabolic Rates Are Associated With Doxorubicin-Induced Proteinuria in New Zealand White Rabbits. Lipids 2016; 51:311-20. [PMID: 26781765 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The catabolism and structure of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) may be the determining factor of their atheroprotective properties. To better understand the role of the kidney in HDL catabolism, here we characterized HDL subclasses and the catabolic rates of apo A-I in a rabbit model of proteinuria. Proteinuria was induced by intravenous administration of doxorubicin in New Zealand white rabbits (n = 10). HDL size and HDL subclass lipids were assessed by electrophoresis of the isolated lipoproteins. The catabolic rate of HDL-apo A-I was evaluated by exogenous radiolabelling with iodine-131. Doxorubicin induced significant proteinuria after 4 weeks (4.47 ± 0.55 vs. 0.30 ± 0.02 g/L of protein in urine, P < 0.001) associated with increased uremia, creatininemia, and cardiotoxicity. Large HDL2b augmented significantly during proteinuria, whereas small HDL3b and HDL3c decreased compared to basal conditions. HDL2b, HDL2a, and HDL3a subclasses were enriched with triacylglycerols in proteinuric animals as determined by the triacylglycerol-to-phospholipid ratio; the cholesterol content in HDL subclasses remained unchanged. The fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of [(131)I]-apo A-I in the proteinuric rabbits was faster (FCR = 0.036 h(-1)) compared to control rabbits group (FCR = 0.026 h(-1), P < 0.05). Apo E increased and apo A-I decreased in HDL, whereas PON-1 activity increased in proteinuric rabbits. Proteinuria was associated with an increased number of large HDL2b particles and a decreased number of small HDL3b and 3c. Proteinuria was also connected to an alteration in HDL subclass lipids, apolipoprotein content of HDL, high paraoxonase-1 activity, and a rise in the fractional catabolic rate of the [(131)I]-apo A-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria López-Olmos
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, 14080, México D.F., Mexico.,Atherosclerosis Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., Mexico
| | - María Luna-Luna
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Cristobal Flores-Castillo
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Miriam Martínez-Ramírez
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Rocío Bautista-Pérez
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, 14080, México D.F., Mexico.,Atherosclerosis Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., Mexico
| | - Martha Franco
- Atherosclerosis Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., Mexico.,Nephrology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., Mexico
| | - Julio Sandoval-Zárate
- Atherosclerosis Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., Mexico.,Cardiopulmonary Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., Mexico
| | - Francisco-Javier Roldán
- Outpatient Care Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., Mexico
| | - Alberto Aranda-Fraustro
- Pathology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Pathology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., Mexico
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Vega
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - José-Manuel Fragoso
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, 14080, México D.F., Mexico.,Atherosclerosis Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, 14080, México D.F., Mexico.,Atherosclerosis Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., Mexico
| | - Oscar Pérez-Méndez
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, 14080, México D.F., Mexico. .,Atherosclerosis Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., Mexico.
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16
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Cohen E, Aviram M, Khatib S, Volkova N, Vaya J. Human carotid atherosclerotic plaque protein(s) change HDL protein(s) composition and impair HDL anti-oxidant activity. Biofactors 2016; 42:115-28. [PMID: 26662883 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) anti-atherogenic functions are closely associated with cardiovascular disease risk factor, and are dictated by its composition, which is often affected by environmental factors. The present study investigates the effects of the human carotid plaque constituents on HDL composition and biological functions. To this end, human carotid plaques were homogenized and incubated with HDL. Results showed that after incubation, most of the apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) protein was released from the HDL, and HDL diameter increased by an average of approximately 2 nm. In parallel, HDL antioxidant activity was impaired. In response to homogenate treatment HDL could not prevent the accelerated oxidation of LDL caused by the homogenate. Boiling of the homogenate prior to its incubation with HDL abolished its effects on HDL composition changes. Moreover, tryptophan fluorescence quenching assay revealed an interaction between plaque component(s) and HDL, an interaction that was reduced by 50% upon using pre-boiled homogenate. These results led to hypothesize that plaque protein(s) interacted with HDL-associated Apo A1 and altered the HDL composition. Immuno-precipitation of Apo A1 that was released from the HDL after its incubation with the homogenate revealed a co-precipitation of three isomers of actin. However, beta-actin alone did not significantly affect the HDL composition, and yet the active protein within the plaque was elusive. In conclusion then, protein(s) in the homogenate interact with HDL protein(s), leading to release of Apo A1 from the HDL particle, a process that was associated with an increase in HDL diameter and with impaired HDL anti-oxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Cohen
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, , P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 12210, Israel
- Lipid Research Laboratory Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- Lipid Research Laboratory Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, , P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 12210, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- Lipid Research Laboratory Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Jacob Vaya
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, , P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 12210, Israel
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17
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Oxidative stress and paraoxonase 1 status in acute ischemic stroke patients. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Flores-Castillo C, Zamora-Pérez JÁ, Carreón-Torres E, Arzola-Paniagua A, Aguilar-Salinas C, López-Olmos V, Fragoso JM, Luna-Luna M, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Franco M, Vargas-Alarcón G, Pérez-Méndez Ó. Atorvastatin and fenofibrate combination induces the predominance of the large HDL subclasses and increased apo AI fractional catabolic rates in New Zealand white rabbits with exogenous hypercholesterolemia. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 29:362-70. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Flores-Castillo
- Department of Molecular Biology; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’ Juan Badiano 1; Sección XVI 14080 Mexico City Mexico
| | - Juan Á. Zamora-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’ Juan Badiano 1; Sección XVI 14080 Mexico City Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’ Juan Badiano 1; Sección XVI 14080 Mexico City Mexico
- Study Group of Atherosclerosis; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’; México City Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Aguilar-Salinas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición; Vasco de Quiroga 15, 14080, Mexico City Mexico
| | - Victoria López-Olmos
- Department of Molecular Biology; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’ Juan Badiano 1; Sección XVI 14080 Mexico City Mexico
| | - José M. Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Biology; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’ Juan Badiano 1; Sección XVI 14080 Mexico City Mexico
- Study Group of Atherosclerosis; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’; México City Mexico
| | - María Luna-Luna
- Department of Molecular Biology; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’ Juan Badiano 1; Sección XVI 14080 Mexico City Mexico
| | - José M. Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’ Juan Badiano 1; Sección XVI 14080 Mexico City Mexico
| | - Martha Franco
- Study Group of Atherosclerosis; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’; México City Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’ Juan Badiano 1; Sección XVI 14080 Mexico City Mexico
- Study Group of Atherosclerosis; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’; México City Mexico
| | - Óscar Pérez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Biology; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’ Juan Badiano 1; Sección XVI 14080 Mexico City Mexico
- Study Group of Atherosclerosis; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chávez’; México City Mexico
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19
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Gugliucci A, Caccavello R, Nassar H, Abu Ahmad W, Sinnreich R, Kark JD. Low protective PON1 lactonase activity in an Arab population with high rates of coronary heart disease and diabetes. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 445:41-7. [PMID: 25801214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies showing that high density lipoproteins (HDL) can effect plaque regression indicate that recent trial failures do not exclude an atheroprotective role of HDL. Instead, they highlight differences between HDL function and measured HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). PON1 is one key functional activity of HDL. Urban Palestinians have lower HDL-C and a higher incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease than those of Israelis. We hypothesized that the cardioprotective PON1 lactonase and arylesterase activities and PON1 functional genotype may differ between Palestinians and Israelis. METHODS We measured PON1 activities in a cross-sectional population-based study of Palestinian (n=960) and Israeli (n=694) residents in Jerusalem, 1654 participants in all. RESULTS Palestinians had high prevalences of obesity and diabetes and low mean concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (0.97 mmol/l in men and 1.19 mmol/l in women). Lactonase and arylesterase activities were lower by 10.8% (p=1.2∗10(-14)) and 2.7% (p<0.0005), respectively, in Palestinians as compared to Israelis. The functional genotype distribution, demonstrated by plotting paraoxonase vs lactonase activities, showed a modest between-group difference (p=0.024), with 12.1% RR in Palestinian Arabs vs 8.4% in Israeli Jews, but no overall difference in allele frequencies. Lactonase correlated inversely with age (Spearman's rho=-.156), weakly with BMI (-.059), positively with HDL-C (.173) and non-HDL-C (.103), but was not associated with triglycerides or fasting glucose. Palestinians showed consistently lower lactonase activity in logistic regression models adjusted for multiple covariates and for functional genotype (odds ratios of 1.81 and 1.98, respectively, for the lower fifth vs the upper 4 fifths of lactonase activity p<0.0001). CONCLUSION We showed a lower physiologically-significant lactonase PON1 activity in an Arab population, a finding consistent with the high cardiovascular and diabetes risk of Palestinians.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States.
| | - R Caccavello
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States
| | - H Nassar
- Dept of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel; St Joseph Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - W Abu Ahmad
- Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Sinnreich
- Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J D Kark
- Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Gugliucci A, Menini T. Paraoxonase 1 and HDL maturation. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 439:5-13. [PMID: 25261854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the kinetics and function of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is becoming an important issue in atherosclerosis. Low PON1 activity has been consistently linked with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events in the setting of secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. Recent studies have shown that there is a specific interaction of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-apoAI-PON1 on HDL surface that seems to be germane to atherogenesis. MPO specifically inhibits PON1 and PON1 mitigates MPO effects. Surprisingly, very little is known about the routes by which PON1 gets integrated into HDL or its fate during HDL remodeling in the intravascular space. We have developed a method that assesses PON1 activity in the individual HDL subclasses with the aid of which we have shown that PON1 is present across the HDL particle range and preferentially in HDL3, confirming data from ultracentrifugation (UC) studies. Upon HDL maturation ex vivo PON1 is activated and it shows a flux to both smaller and larger HDL particles as well as to VLDL and sdLDL. At the same time apoE, AI and AII are shifted across particle sizes. PON1 activation and flux across HDL particles are blocked by CETP and LCAT inhibitors. In a group of particles with such a complex biology as HDL, knowledge of the interaction between apo-lipoproteins, lipids and enzymes is key for an increased understanding of the yet multiple unknown features of its function. Solving the HDL paradox will necessitate the development of techniques to explore HDL function that are practical and well adapted to clinical studies and eventually become useful in patient monitoring. The confluence of proteomic, functional studies, HDL subclasses, PON1 assays and zymogram will yield data to draw a more elaborate and comprehensive picture of the function of HDL. It must be noted that all these studies are static and conducted in the fasting state. The crucial phase will be achieved when human kinetic studies (both in the fasting and post-prandial states) on HDL-PON1, apoA-I and lipid fate in the circulation are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA.
| | - Teresita Menini
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
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Gugliucci A, Caccavello R, Kotani K, Kimura S. Evidence for the presence of active paraoxonase 1 in small-dense low-density lipoprotein. Redox Rep 2014; 19:154-60. [PMID: 24524596 DOI: 10.1179/1351000214y.0000000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We have recently demonstrated the quick ex vivo transfer of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL). We set out to assess whether sdLDL contains active PON1 in vivo. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control, proof of principle study with the Japanese healthy subjects with normal lipids (n = 23) and age and gender-paired dyslipidemic subjects (n = 17). Lipid panels, lactonase and arylesterase assays, and PON1 zymogram in the LDL and HDL subclasses were assessed. RESULTS PON1 specific activity in the high-molecular weight lipoprotein fraction corresponding to LDL migration was found in 48% of normo and in 29% of dyslipidemic Japanese subjects. This band co-localizes with apoB100 and not Lp(a) and displays a lower molecular mass than the bulk of LDL. CONCLUSION We provide evidence, for the first time, that native sdLDL contains up to 4% of the total PON1 activity in the serum of up to 48% of the Japanese subjects. Could the PON1-containing sdLDL represent a set of particles with a defense mechanism from oxidation and therefore its levels actually prove to be atheroprotective? If further studies confirm this contention, a zymogram of PON1 in LDL subclasses could be a functional assay that complements the current methods that only inform on the size and lipid concentration of these particles.
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Gugliucci A, Numaguchi M, Caccavello R, Kimura S. Paraoxonase 1 lactonase activity and distribution in the HDL subclasses in the cord blood. Redox Rep 2014; 19:124-32. [PMID: 24620935 DOI: 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a lactonase with important antioxidant and immunoprotective properties. We hypothesized that PON1 lactonase activity, PON1, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses distribution are different in neonates than in adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 83 healthy term neonates (34 males and 49 females) who were born by spontaneous, uncomplicated vaginal delivery. The study also included 17 paired maternal blood samples as well as 20 non-pregnant women collected for comparison. Total and free PON1 lactonase and arylesterase activity, HDL subclasses, PON1, and apolipoprotein distribution in the subclasses were assayed. RESULTS PON1 arylesterase activity in the cord blood represented 37% ± 4 of the maternal activity, whereas the PON1 lactonase activity amounted to only 23% ± 5 of the maternal activity. The free arylesterase and lactonase activities were higher in the cord blood by 16 and 36%, respectively. There is a 65% lower HDL2b PON1 in the cord blood than in the maternal serum. When the Lipoprint HDL subclasses were assayed, the neonates showed a larger content (52% higher) of very large HDL as well as a characteristic peak in the middle-sized HDL5 which is unremarkable in the mothers. CONCLUSION The novel findings of this study are that the neonates have lower PON1 lactonase activity, higher free PON1, different distributions of PON1 in the HDL subclasses as compared with their mother and adults as well as a distinctive HDL subclass lipid profile. Our data also suggest that the neonate HDL is enriched with an intermediate-sized (and/or less charged HDL) that is also rich in active PON1.
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Gugliucci A, Kinugasa E, Ogata H, Caccavello R, Kimura S. Activation of paraoxonase 1 after hemodialysis is associated with HDL remodeling and its increase in the HDL2 fraction and VLDL. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 430:9-14. [PMID: 24384301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity is lower in renal failure patients. We hypothesize that part of the salutatory effect of hemodialysis on PON1 activity that we have previously found is due to HDL remodeling and shift of PON1 among HDL particles. METHODS A total of 42 patients (18 females and 24 males, 63 ± 12 yr) on long-term HD, with a mean dialysis course of 6.4 yr (range 1-19 yr), were recruited. PON1 arylesterase and lactonase activities, PON1 and apolipoprotein distribution in HDL subclasses were measured by gel gradient electrophoresis and western blotting. RESULTS The 3 different activities of PON1 we measured were significantly lower in patients as compared to control subjects; lactonase by 11%, triesterase by 19% and arylesterase by 20%, p<0.01. HDL increased slightly by 4.6%. LDL increased by 13% and VLDL decreased by 30%. These data are compatible with enhanced lipolysis of VLDL that is transformed into LDL. VLDL-PON1 activity increases significantly by 60%. PON1 activity increases by 16% in HDL2 whereas by this approach we could determine a 10% increase in the total area under the curve corresponding to total HDL. Changes in total lactonase activity were associated with changes in VLDL-PON1 and HDL2. In parallel with PON1 activation and shifts among particles, there are significant changes in apoE which increases notably in HDL2, paralleling the changes in PON1. No significant changes in apoAI or apoA-II the main structural HDL apolipoproteins were apparent after dialysis. CONCLUSIONS HD produces an activation of PON1 that can be predicted in part (30%) by efficiency of dialysis and in part (25%) by PON1 shifts to HDL2or VLDL (p<0.01). The removal of inhibitors and the change in the environment of PON1 in the micro-heterogeneity of HDL subclasses optimizes PON1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA.
| | - Eriko Kinugasa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama City, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ogata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama City, Japan
| | - Russell Caccavello
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Satoshi Kimura
- Central Clinical Laboratory, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama City, Japan
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Gugliucci A, Numaguchi M, Caccavello R, Kimura S. Small-dense low-density lipoproteins are the predominant apoB-100-containing lipoproteins in cord blood. Clin Biochem 2013; 47:475-7. [PMID: 24362269 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level in cord blood is approximately 30%. The aim of our study was to specifically explore LDL apoB distribution across sizes in cord blood serum. DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 83 healthy neonates and 17 paired healthy mothers. Plasma glucose and serum lipids, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG), were measured using enzymatic methods. Distribution of apoB-100 was performed by western blot and immunodetection on native 4-12% polyacrylamide gels. LDL subclasses were analyzed by Lipoprint-LDL. RESULTS Neonates show the expected lower content of apoB LDL and small dense LDL is the predominant apoB containing particle: 67 ± 7%. However, only 1.5% is sdLDL by Lipoprint. Maternal serum contains a large proportion of apoB in smaller LDL, 47 ± 6% as compared to non-pregnant women, 6 ± 1%, p<0.001. CONCLUSIONS Neonates show the expected lower content of apoB-LDL but in an inverse distribution; sdLDL being the predominant particle. This novel finding for apoB sdLDL is consistent with previous data on HPLC studies showing increased middle and small-sized LDL lipid content in neonates as compared to adults which amounts to 84% of total LDL. Comparison of the results with Lipoprint LDL (lipids) with gradient gel electrophoresis native western blot (apoB-100) suggests that neonates carry fractions of small LDL that are comparatively poor in lipids as compared with their mothers. Further studies are warranted on the issue of sdLDL in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA.
| | - Masahide Numaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Russell Caccavello
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Satoshi Kimura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Central Clinical Laboratory, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Japan
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Pérez-Méndez Ó, Pacheco HG, Martínez-Sánchez C, Franco M. HDL-cholesterol in coronary artery disease risk: function or structure? Clin Chim Acta 2013; 429:111-22. [PMID: 24333390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are inversely related with coronary artery disease (CAD) and HDL-cholesterol is the only standardized and reproducible parameter available to estimate plasma concentration of these lipoproteins. However, pharmacological interventions intended to increase HDL-cholesterol have not been consistently associated to an effective CAD risk reduction. Among patients with a myocardial infarction, 43 and 44% of men and women, respectively, had normal plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol, whereas genetic studies have failed to show a causal association between HDL-cholesterol and CAD risk. Instead, HDL functionality seems to be the target to be evaluated, but the existing methods are still poorly reproducible and far to be adapted to the clinical laboratory. HDL subclasses rise as a potential alternative for the evaluation of CAD risk; HDL subclasses are a surrogate of intravascular metabolism of these lipoproteins and probably of their functionality. Low levels of large HDL and increased proportions of small particles are the most remarkable features associated to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or CAD. However, inflammation and other environmental factors are related with abnormal HDL structure, and, as a consequence, more prospective studies are needed to better support the clinical usefulness of HDL subclasses. New insights from proteome and lipidome profiles of HDL will provide potential HDL-related biomarkers in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Pérez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico, DF, Mexico.
| | - Héctor González Pacheco
- Department of Emergency, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Carlos Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Emergency, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Martha Franco
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Activation of paraoxonase 1 is associated with HDL remodeling ex vivo. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 429:38-45. [PMID: 24280342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesize that during high density lipoprotein (HDL) remodeling PON1 reaches an optimal distribution in HDL subclasses by which it achieves maximum activity. We conducted this study to gain insight on PON1 fate and activation during short-term HDL remodeling ex vivo. METHODS Serum from 8 healthy volunteers was either frozen at -80°C (time 0) or incubated under sterile conditions for up to 48h at 37°C or at 4°C. Aliquots were taken at 3, 6, 9, 24 and 48 h and immediately frozen at -80°C. PON1 activities were measured, as well as PON1 and apolipoprotein distributions in HDL subclasses by gradient gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The first novel finding in our study is the evidence provided for a significant activation of both lactonase and arylesterase activities of PON1 that ensues in a very short time frame of incubation of serum ex vivo at 37°C. All subjects studied displayed these changes, the activation was apparent in <3h, peaked at 6h and amounted to >20%. This is associated with a temperature and time-dependent redistribution of PON1 activity in HDL subclasses, with an increase in activity in both very large HDL2 and small HDL3 in the first phase (3-9h), followed by a progressive transfer of PON1 to very large HDL2 as the particles mature. These changes are paralleled by the appearance of weak, but apparent PON1 activity at subspecies that correspond to sdLDL. During the first phase of PON1 activation and shifts, a parallel shift of apoE can be evidenced: at 3-9h, apoE increases in sdLDL, after that time it is lost from HDL and also from sdLDL and stays in VLDL at the origin of the run. ApoA-I shifts towards larger particles, which parallels the change in PON1. As HDL matures there is a progressive shift of apoA-II towards larger HDL. Low levels of apoA-IV at the initiation of the incubation are followed by time dependent quick disappearance of apoA-IV in HDL which parallels the changes in PON1, apoE and A-II. CONCLUSION Short, ex vivo incubation of serum leads to quick activation of PON1 associated with transfers to HDL3c, large HDL and sdLDL. The process is blocked by CETP and LCAT inhibitors. The data suggest that HDL maturation optimizes PON1 activity. These findings may be of interest for future studies aimed at modulating PON-1 activity for its cardioprotective effects and suggest a new mechanism whereby CETP inhibitors failed in clinical trials.
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