1
|
Zheng K, Li X, Rong Y, Wang X, Hou L, Gu W, Hou X, Guan Y, Liu L, Geng J, Song G. Serum Gamma Glutamyltransferase: A Biomarker for Identifying Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2273-2281. [PMID: 38859995 PMCID: PMC11164083 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s461876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Elevated serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is an independent marker of the activation of systemic inflammation, while conditions associated with elevated triglyceride (TG) levels, such as type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, are associated with an increased inflammatory burden. Moreover, serum liver enzymes (GGT, alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) are associated with metabolic syndrome and its components, including hypertriglyceridemia. However, the relationship between liver enzymes and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PHTG) remains unclear. Therefore, in this study we conducted oral fat tolerance tests (OFTTs) to understand the differences in serum liver enzyme levels among individuals with different lipid tolerance levels and their correlation with PHTG. Patients and Methods For the OFTT, we enrolled 202 non-diabetic volunteers whose fasting triglyceride (TG) levels were less than 1.7 mmol/L in this case-control study. The participants were categorized into two groups according to the TG levels at the 0- and 4-h OFTT: a postprandial normal TG (PNTG) group and a PHTG group. Routine fasting serum biochemical indices, liver enzyme (GGT, ALT, AST, and ALP) levels, and 0- and 4-h OFTT lipid levels were assessed. Results The PHTG group had significantly higher serum GGT and ALT levels and a lower AST/ALT ratio than those in the PNTG group. However, no significant difference was observed in AST and ALP levels compared with the PNTG group. After adjusting for major confounders, logistic regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between serum GGT and PHTG (odds ratio = 1.168, P < 0.001), but not with ALT level, AST level, AST/ALT ratio, and ALP level. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the serum GGT level was an effective predictor of PHTG. Conclusion Serum GGT levels are significantly associated with PHTG risk and serve as an effective biomarker for early identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunjie Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hengshui People’s Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hengshui People’s Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihua Rong
- Department of Endocrinology, Hengshui People’s Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Hengshui People’s Hospital Statistical Office, Hengshui, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Hengshui People’s Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hengshui People’s Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, Hengshui People’s Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huppertz T, Shkembi B, Brader L, Geurts J. Dairy Matrix Effects: Physicochemical Properties Underlying a Multifaceted Paradigm. Nutrients 2024; 16:943. [PMID: 38612977 PMCID: PMC11013626 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
When food products are often considered only as a source of individual nutrients or a collection of nutrients, this overlooks the importance of interactions between nutrients, but also interactions between nutrients and other constituents of food, i.e., the product matrix. This product matrix, which can be defined as 'The components of the product, their interactions, their structural organization within the product and the resultant physicochemical properties of the product', plays a critical role in determining important product properties, such as product stability, sensory properties and nutritional and health outcomes. Such matrix effects can be defined as 'the functional outcome of specific component(s) as part of a specific product matrix'. In this article, dairy matrix effects are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the nutrition and health impact of dairy products. Such matrix effects are critical in explaining many effects of milk and dairy products on human nutrition and health that cannot be explained solely based on nutrient composition. Examples hereof include the low glycemic responses of milk and dairy products, the positive impact on dental health, the controlled amino acid absorption and the absence of CVD risk despite the presence of saturated fatty acids. Particularly, the changes occurring in the stomach, including, e.g., coagulation of casein micelles and creaming of aggregated fat globules, play a critical role in determining the kinetics of nutrient release and absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thom Huppertz
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6808 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
| | - Blerina Shkembi
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6808 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Brader
- Arla Innovation Center, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Geurts
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang L, Zhang Z, Zhen Y, Feng J, Chen J, Song G. SIRT3 rs11246020 Polymorphism Associated Postprandial Triglyceride Dysmetabolism. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1279-1288. [PMID: 38496003 PMCID: PMC10944304 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s450962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Energy metabolism is regulated by SIRT3, no research has been done on the connection between lipid metabolism in the oral fat test and SIRT3 polymorphism. Thus, we conducted a case-control study to investigate the connection between postprandial lipid and SIRT3 polymorphism. Patients and Methods 402 non-obese Chinese subjects were enrolled and their postprandial lipid response to oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) was observed to understand the relationship between rs11246020 gene and postprandial triglyceride metabolism. Results In a binary logic regression model, a protective effect of the T allele of the rs11246020 SIRT3 for postprandial hypertriglyceridemia was shown (OR=0.417, 95% CI = 0.219-0.794, p=0.008). Compared to the CC genotype, individuals with the TT+CT variant of the rs11246020 SIRT3 gene demonstrated significantly lower levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.04), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) (p=0.037), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p=0.02), and 4-hour triglyceridemia (Tg) (p=0.032). Conclusion The C allele of rs11246020 SIRT3 gene may be a risk factor to increased possibility of postprandial triglyceridemia after an oral fat test, which involved in the mechanism of glucose and insulin metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mather KJ, Coskun T, Pratt EJ, Milicevic Z, Weerakkody G, Thomas MK, Haupt A, Ruotolo G. Improvements in post-challenge lipid response following tirzepatide treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:785-789. [PMID: 37989596 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamer Coskun
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Axel Haupt
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pogran E, Haller PM, Wegberger C, Tscharre M, Vujasin I, Kaufmann CC, Dick P, Jäger B, Wojta J, Huber K. The LIPL study: Postprandial lipid profile, inflammation, and platelet activity in patients with chronic coronary syndrome. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2023; 54:14-21. [PMID: 37811126 PMCID: PMC10550804 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims It is suggested that the changes in atherosclerosis happen mainly under the influence of non-fasting lipids. To date, the studies in the postprandial state were primarily performed on healthy subjects. This exploratory, cross-sectional study investigates the change in lipid profile, inflammation, and platelet activation in patients with different cardiovascular risk profiles in the postprandial state. Methods The studied population consists of 66 patients with different cardiovascular risks: patients with a history of the chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) (n = 20), CCS without DM2 (n = 25), and a healthy control group (n = 21). Lipid variables and markers of platelet function and inflammation were assessed during the fasting state and three and 5 h after a standardized fat meal using a standardized oral fat tolerance test (OFTT), a milkshake with 90 g of fat. Results Patients with CCS and DM2 were significantly older and had the highest BMI. All patients with CCS were on acetylsalicylic acid, and 95% of CCS patients were on high-dose statins. The absolute leukocyte and neutrophile count increased significantly in the control group during the OFTT in comparison to CCS subjects. There was a significant decrease of HDL and increase of triglycerides during the OFTT, however with no difference between groups. There was no difference in the change of platelet activity between all groups. Conclusion This study showed that OFTT leads to an increased postprandial inflammation response in healthy group compared to CCS ± DM2 while there was no change in lipid profile and platelet activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edita Pogran
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul M. Haller
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Interventional Cardiology and Rhythmology, Austria
| | - Claudia Wegberger
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Tscharre
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
| | - Irena Vujasin
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph C. Kaufmann
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Dick
- Klinik Ottakring, Department of Surgery with a Focus on Vascular Surgery- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Jäger
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Interventional Cardiology and Rhythmology, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Interventional Cardiology and Rhythmology, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Interventional Cardiology and Rhythmology, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dordevic AL, Williamson G. Systematic Review and Quantitative Data Synthesis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Consensus Gene Expression Changes in Response to a High Fat Meal. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300512. [PMID: 37817369 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Metabolic flexibility is essential for a healthy response to a high fat meal, and is assessed by measuring postprandial changes in blood markers including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; lymphocytes and monocytes). However, there is no clear consensus on postprandial gene expression and protein changes in these cells. METHOD AND RESULTS The study systematically reviews the literature reporting transcriptional and proteomic changes in PBMCs after consumption of a high fat meal. After re-analysis of the raw data to ensure equivalence between studies, ≈85 genes are significantly changed (defined as in the same direction in ≥3 studies) with about half involved in four processes: inflammation/oxidative stress, GTP metabolism, apoptosis, and lipid localization/transport. For meals consisting predominantly of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), notable additional processes are phosphorylation and glucocorticoid response. For saturated fatty acids (SFA), genes related to migration/angiogenesis and platelet aggregation are also changed. CONCLUSION Despite differences in study design, common gene changes are identified in PBMCs following a high fat meal. These common genes and processes will facilitate definition of the postprandial transcriptome as part of the overall postcibalome, linking all molecules and processes that change in the blood after a meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Dordevic
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC3168, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Syed-Abdul MM, Stahel P, Zembroski A, Tian L, Xiao C, Nahmias A, Bookman I, Buhman KK, Lewis GF. Glucagon-like peptide-2 acutely enhances chylomicron secretion in humans without mobilizing cytoplasmic lipid droplets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:1084-1092. [PMID: 36458872 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A portion of ingested fats are retained in the intestine for many hours before they are mobilized and secreted in chylomicron (CM) particles. Factors like glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) and glucose can mobilize these stored intestinal lipids and enhance CM secretion. We have recently demonstrated in rodents that GLP-2 acutely enhances CM secretion by mechanisms that do not involve the canonical CM synthetic assembly and secretory pathways. OBJECTIVE To further investigate the mechanism of GLP-2's potent intestinal lipid mobilizing effect, we examined intracellular cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs) in intestinal biopsies of humans administered GLP-2 or placebo. DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS A single dose of placebo or GLP-2 was administered subcutaneously five hours after ingesting a high-fat bolus. In one subset of participants, plasma samples were collected to quantify lipid and lipoprotein concentrations for 3 hours post-placebo or GLP-2. In another subset, a duodenal biopsy was obtained one-hour post-placebo or GLP-2 administration for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and proteomic analysis. RESULTS GLP-2 significantly increased plasma-TG by 46% (P = 0.009), mainly in CM-sized particles (CM-TG) by 133% (P = 0.003), without reducing duodenal CLD size or number. Several proteins of interest were identified that require further investigation to elucidate their potential role in GLP-2-mediated CM secretion. CONCLUSIONS Unlike glucose that mobilizes enterocyte CLDs and enhances CM secretion, GLP-2 acutely increased plasma CMs without significant mobilization of CLDs, supporting our previous findings that GLP-2 does not act directly on enterocytes to enhance CM secretion and most likely mobilizes secreted CMs in the lamina propria and lymphatics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA
| | - Priska Stahel
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA
| | - Alyssa Zembroski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Lili Tian
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA
| | - Changting Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CANADA
| | - Avital Nahmias
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Endocrinology Division, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ian Bookman
- Kensington Screening Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Kimberly K Buhman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mhd Rodzi NAR, Lee LK. Sacha Inchi ( Plukenetia Volubilis L .): recent insight on phytochemistry, pharmacology, organoleptic, safety and toxicity perspectives. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10572. [PMID: 36132179 PMCID: PMC9483583 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia Volubilis L.), SI, is the oleaginous plant of the Euphorbiaceous family originally cultivated in the Amazonian forest. It is traditionally appreciated and consumed as the healthful food. In vivo, in vitro and clinical studies have suggested the beneficial effects of SI for a variety of neuroprotection, dermatology, antidyslipidaemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antitumor modulation activities. Many of these potential impacts are related to its bioactive compounds, particularly essential fatty acids, proteins and phytochemicals. However, there are some scientific evidences underlying the risk of toxicity associated with the high doses of SI seed oils. With the aforementioned, this review outlines a narrative review of SI, including its ethnobotanical components, phytochemistry profile, organoleptic and sensory evaluations. The essential development of its latest applications in the field of medicine, pharmacology, safety and toxicological issues, are laconically demonstrated. Moreover, the underlying challenges and upcoming prospective for the integration of SI use are detailed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins, Remnants, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-022-00702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Ramms B, Patel S, Sun X, Pessentheiner AR, Ducasa GM, Mullick AE, Lee RG, Crooke RM, Tsimikas S, Witztum JL, Gordts PL. Interventional hepatic apoC-III knockdown improves atherosclerotic plaque stability and remodeling by triglyceride lowering. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e158414. [PMID: 35653195 PMCID: PMC9310539 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is a critical regulator of triglyceride metabolism and correlates positively with hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It remains unclear if therapeutic apoC-III lowering reduces CVD risk and if the CVD correlation depends on the lipid-lowering or antiinflammatory properties. We determined the impact of interventional apoC-III lowering on atherogenesis using an apoC-III antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) in 2 hypertriglyceridemic mouse models where the intervention lowers plasma triglycerides and in a third lipid-refractory model. On a high-cholesterol Western diet apoC-III ASO treatment did not alter atherosclerotic lesion size but did attenuate advanced and unstable plaque development in the triglyceride-responsive mouse models. No lesion size or composition improvement was observed with apoC-III ASO in the lipid-refractory mice. To circumvent confounding effects of continuous high-cholesterol feeding, we tested the impact of interventional apoC-III lowering when switching to a cholesterol-poor diet after 12 weeks of Western diet. In this diet switch regimen, apoC-III ASO treatment significantly reduced plasma triglycerides, atherosclerotic lesion progression, and necrotic core area and increased fibrous cap thickness in lipid-responsive mice. Again, apoC-III ASO treatment did not alter triglyceride levels, lesion development, and lesion composition in lipid-refractory mice after the diet switch. Our findings suggest that interventional apoC-III lowering might be an effective strategy to reduce atherosclerosis lesion size and improve plaque stability when lipid lowering is achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Ramms
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry I, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sohan Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, Transplant Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - G. Michelle Ducasa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Joseph L. Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Philip L.S.M. Gordts
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A meal rich in palm oil or butter modifies the sphingolipid profile of postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from type 2 diabetic women. Biochimie 2022; 203:11-19. [PMID: 35817131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) in the fasting and postprandial states are risk factors for cardiovascular events, especially in type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D modifies the lipid composition of plasma and lipoproteins and some sphingolipids (SP) have been validated as potent predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular disease occurrence. The main objectives of the present study were to characterize the plasma SP profile in fasting T2D patients and to determine whether SP are modified in postprandial TGRL from these patients compared to fasting TGRL. In a randomized parallel-group study, 30 T2D women ingested a breakfast including 20g lipids from either hazelnut cocoa palm oil-rich spread (Palm Nut) or Butter. Plasma was collected and TGRL were isolated by ultracentrifugation at fasting and 4h after the meal. Fasting samples of 6 control subjects from another cohort were analyzed for comparison. SP were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma from fasting T2D patients had higher ceramide (Cer) and ganglioside GM3 concentrations, and lower concentrations of sphingosylphosphorylcholine vs healthy subjects. In postprandial TGRL from T2D patients compared to those in the fasting state, Cer concentrations and especially C16:0, C24:1 and C24:0 molecular species, increased after the Palm Nut or Butter breakfast. A positive correlation was observed in the Palm Nut group between changes (Δ4h-fasting) of summed C16:0+C22:0+C24:1+C24:0 Cer concentrations in TGRL, and changes in plasma TG, TGRL-TG and TGRL-C16:0 concentrations. Altogether in T2D, the altered profile of plasma SP and the increased Cer concentrations in postprandial TGRL could contribute to the increased atherogenicity of TGRL.
Collapse
|
12
|
Peng X, Wu H. Inflammatory Links Between Hypertriglyceridemia and Atherogenesis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:297-306. [PMID: 35274230 PMCID: PMC9575332 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies indicate an association between hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential mechanism connecting HTG and ASCVD risk and the potential efficacy of HTG-targeting therapies in ASCVD prevention. RECENT FINDINGS HTG, with elevations in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) and their remnants, are causal ASCVD risk factors. The mechanisms whereby HTG increases ASCVD risk are not well understood but may include multiple factors. Inflammation plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. TGRL compared to low-density lipoproteins (LDL) correlate better with inflammation. TGRL remnants can penetrate endothelium and interact with macrophages leading to foam cell formation and inflammation in arterial walls, thereby contributing to atherogenesis. In addition, circulating monocytes can take up TGRL and become lipid-laden foamy monocytes, which infiltrate the arterial wall and may also contribute to atherogenesis. Novel therapies targeting HTG or inflammation are in development and have potential of reducing residual ASCVD risk associated with HTG. Clinical and preclinical studies show a causal role of HTG in promoting ASCVD, in which inflammation plays a vital role. Novel therapies targeting HTG or inflammation have potential of reducing residual ASCVD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Borén J, Taskinen MR, Björnson E, Packard CJ. Metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in health and dyslipidaemia. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:577-592. [PMID: 35318466 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to the causal role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their cholesterol-enriched remnants in atherogenesis. Genetic studies in particular have not only revealed a relationship between plasma triglyceride levels and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but have also identified key proteins responsible for the regulation of triglyceride transport. Kinetic studies in humans using stable isotope tracers have been especially useful in delineating the function of these proteins and revealing the hitherto unappreciated complexity of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Given that triglyceride is an essential energy source for mammals, triglyceride transport is regulated by numerous mechanisms that balance availability with the energy demands of the body. Ongoing investigations are focused on determining the consequences of dysregulation as a result of either dietary imprudence or genetic variation that increases the risk of atherosclerosis and pancreatitis. The identification of molecular control mechanisms involved in triglyceride metabolism has laid the groundwork for a 'precision-medicine' approach to therapy. Novel pharmacological agents under development have specific molecular targets within a regulatory framework, and their deployment heralds a new era in lipid-lowering-mediated prevention of disease. In this Review, we outline what is known about the dysregulation of triglyceride transport in human hypertriglyceridaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elias Björnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim HK, Furuhashi S, Takahashi M, Chijiki H, Nanba T, Inami T, Radak Z, Sakamoto S, Shibata S. Late-afternoon endurance exercise is more effective than morning endurance exercise at improving 24-h glucose and blood lipid levels. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:957239. [PMID: 35928886 PMCID: PMC9343590 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.957239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose and lipid tolerance reportedly exhibit diurnal variations, being lower in the evening than in the morning. Therefore, the effects of exercise on glucose and blood lipid levels at different times of the day may differ. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term endurance exercise intervention in the morning versus late afternoon on 24-h blood glucose variability and blood lipid levels. METHODS Twelve healthy young men participated in a randomized crossover trial. The participants were assigned to morning (09:00-11:00) or late afternoon (16:00-18:00) endurance exercise for a week, consisting of supervised exercise sessions on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. In the morning and evening trials, the participants walked for 60 min on a treadmill at approximately 60% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Following a 2-week wash-out period, the participants performed the exercise training regimen at another time point. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to evaluate blood glucose fluctuations during each 24-h trial period. Blood samples were collected before and after each intervention to examine blood lipid and hormonal responses. RESULTS Examination of the area under the curve (AUC) of the glucose level changes for 24 h after the late afternoon versus morning exercise intervention revealed significantly lower values for the former versus the latter (P < 0.01). The AUC of glucose level changes after each meal was also lower after the late afternoon versus morning intervention, and significantly lower values were observed in the late afternoon versus morning trial for breakfast and dinner (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In addition, a significant decrease in triglycerides (TG) and TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was noted after versus before the late afternoon intervention (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that late afternoon endurance exercise is more effective than morning endurance exercise at improving 24-h glucose and triglyceride levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ki Kim
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Physical Education, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hyeon-Ki Kim,
| | - Shota Furuhashi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Chijiki
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Nanba
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Inami
- Institute of Physical Education, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shizuo Sakamoto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Surugadai University, Saitama, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang M, Yin T, Xia F, Xia S, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Han X, Zhao K, Feng L, Dong R, Tian D, Yu Y, Liao J. Hypertriglyceridemia may contribute to stroke and pancreatitis: A case report and review of the literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:960343. [PMID: 36531479 PMCID: PMC9751361 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.960343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one of the most common clinical dyslipidemia. Nevertheless, stroke and acute pancreatitis co-occurrence due to hypertriglyceridemia are extremely rare. We present a case of hypertriglyceridemia-associated stroke and pancreatitis in a 39-year-old woman. The patient's laboratory tests reported high triglyceride concentrations beyond the instrument's detection range, and radiological examination showed typical signs of cerebral infarction and acute pancreatitis. The patient received combined blood purification therapy, intravenous thrombolysis with urokinase, and conservative treatment of pancreatitis. We discuss the clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of hypertriglyceridemic stroke and pancreatitis combined with the relevant literature. We reviewed the mechanisms by which triglycerides contribute to atherosclerosis and acute pancreatitis. We point out the superiority of combined blood purification therapy and caution physicians about the effects of prescribed drugs on blood lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Taoyuan Yin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Suhong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wangdong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lina Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruonan Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Yu, ; Jiazhi Liao,
| | - Jiazhi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Yu, ; Jiazhi Liao,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jin CR, Wang JY, Hou SJ, Li SJ. Effects of fat loading on oxidative stress in atherosclerosis. Asian J Surg 2021; 45:737-738. [PMID: 34973861 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Rong Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
| | - Jun-Ying Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Shi-Jie Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Si-Jin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pietiläinen E, Kyröläinen H, Vasankari T, Santtila M, Luukkaala T, Parkkola K. A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol for Using an Accelerometer-Smartphone Application Intervention to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Health among Employees in a Military Workplace. Methods Protoc 2021; 5:mps5010001. [PMID: 35076553 PMCID: PMC8788450 DOI: 10.3390/mps5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is beneficial for improving health and reducing sick leave absences. This article describes a protocol for an intervention using an interactive accelerometer smartphone application, telephone counselling, and physical activity recordings to increase the physical activity of workers in the military and improve their health. Under the protocol, employees from six military brigades in Finland will be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group’s participants will use accelerometers to measure their daily physical activities and their quality of sleep for six months. They will receive feedback based on these measurements via a smartphone application. The intervention group’s participants will be encouraged to exercise for two hours per week during working hours, and to participate in telephone counselling. The control group’s participants will continue with their normal exercise routines, without the accelerometer or feedback. The participants of both groups will be measured at the baseline, after the intervention period, and six months after the end of the intervention. The measurements will include accelerometer recordings, biochemical laboratory tests, body composition measurements, physical fitness tests, and questionnaires on sociodemographic factors, physical activities, and health. The primary outcomes will indicate changes in physical activity, physical fitness, and sick leave absences. The findings will help to develop a straightforward and cost-effective model for supporting the health and working capabilities of employees in the military and other workplaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Pietiläinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Kauppi Campus, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
- Special Expert Unit, Centre for Military Medicine, P.O. Box 50, 00301 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland;
- Department of Military Pedagogy and Leadership, National Defence University, P.O. Box 7, 00861 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Kauppi Campus, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Santtila
- Department of Military Pedagogy and Leadership, National Defence University, P.O. Box 7, 00861 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Tiina Luukkaala
- Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kai Parkkola
- Department of Military Pedagogy and Leadership, National Defence University, P.O. Box 7, 00861 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (K.P.)
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
He S, Le NA, Ramírez-Zea M, Martorell R, Narayan KMV, Stein AD. Metabolic flexibility differs by body composition in adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:372-379. [PMID: 34857223 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS With the rise of global cardiometabolic diseases, it is important to investigate risk factors such as obesity. Metabolic flexibility, the ability to maintain metabolic homeostasis following an acute challenge, can reflect cardiometabolic health. We investigated the association between body composition and the metabolic flexibility following meal consumption in an adult population. METHODS In this study of 1027 participants (mean age 44.0 y ± SD 4.2 y), we administered a mixed-macronutrient meal challenge. Fasting and 2-h postprandial plasma were assayed for lipids, glycemic, and inflammation biomarkers. We characterized metabolic flexibility through meal-induced biomarker responses (%Δ, the difference between postprandial and fasting concentrations, divided by fasting concentration). We then compared the responses by sex-specific tertiles of body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat. RESULTS With every unit (kg/m2) increase in BMI, %Δ (95% confidence interval) increased by 0.17% (0.09, 0.26%) for total cholesterol, 0.31% (0.07, 0.54%) for triglycerides, and 0.11% (0.01, 0.20%) for apoA-I, whereas insulin elevation was reduced (-6.30%; -8.41, -4.20%), and the reduction in leptin was attenuated (0.64%; 0.25, 1.05%). With each unit (percent) increase in body fat, we observed similar changes in the %Δ of total cholesterol and leptin but not in triglycerides, apoA-I, or insulin. Glucose response increased by 0.29% (0.06, 0.51%) as body fat increases by one unit. CONCLUSION Metabolic flexibility, as assessed by biomarker responses to an acute physiological meal challenge, differed by body composition. These findings may help elucidate the pathways through which obesity contributes to cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siran He
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ngoc-Anh Le
- Biomarker Core Laboratory, Foundation for Atlanta Veterans Education and Research (FAVER), Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System (AVAHCS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Zea
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | - Aryeh D Stein
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Irvin MR, Montasser ME, Kind T, Fan S, Barupal DK, Patki A, Tanner RM, Armstrong ND, Ryan KA, Claas SA, O’Connell JR, Tiwari HK, Arnett DK. Genomics of Postprandial Lipidomics in the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:4000. [PMID: 34836252 PMCID: PMC8617762 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Inter-individual variation in the dietary response to a meal is known to be influenced by genetic factors, yet genes that dictate variation in postprandial lipids are not completely characterized. Genetic studies of the plasma lipidome can help to better understand postprandial metabolism by isolating lipid molecular species which are more closely related to the genome. We measured the plasma lipidome at fasting and 6 h after a standardized high-fat meal in 668 participants from the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study (GOLDN) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to (quadrupole) time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 413 unique lipids were identified. Heritable and responsive lipid species were examined for association with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped on the Affymetrix 6.0 array. The most statistically significant SNP findings were replicated in the Amish Heredity and Phenotype Intervention (HAPI) Heart Study. We further followed up findings from GOLDN with a regional analysis of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpGs) sites measured on the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array. A total of 132 lipids were both responsive to the meal challenge and heritable in the GOLDN study. After correction for multiple testing of 132 lipids (α = 5 × 10-8/132 = 4 × 10-10), no SNP was statistically significantly associated with any lipid response. Four SNPs in the region of a known lipid locus (fatty acid desaturase 1 and 2/FADS1 and FADS2) on chromosome 11 had p < 8.0 × 10-7 for arachidonic acid FA(20:4). Those SNPs replicated in HAPI Heart with p < 3.3 × 10-3. CpGs around the FADS1/2 region were associated with arachidonic acid and the relationship of one SNP was partially mediated by a CpG (p = 0.005). Both SNPs and CpGs from the fatty acid desaturase region on chromosome 11 contribute jointly and independently to the diet response to a high-fat meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.M.T.); (N.D.A.)
| | - May E. Montasser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.E.M.); (K.A.R.); (J.R.O.)
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tobias Kind
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Sili Fan
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Dinesh K. Barupal
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Amit Patki
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (H.K.T.)
| | - Rikki M. Tanner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.M.T.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Nicole D. Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.M.T.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Kathleen A. Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.E.M.); (K.A.R.); (J.R.O.)
| | - Steven A. Claas
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (S.A.C.); (D.K.A.)
| | - Jeffrey R. O’Connell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.E.M.); (K.A.R.); (J.R.O.)
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (H.K.T.)
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (S.A.C.); (D.K.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Banach M, Burchardt P, Chlebus K, Dobrowolski P, Dudek D, Dyrbuś K, Gąsior M, Jankowski P, Jóźwiak J, Kłosiewicz-Latoszek L, Kowalska I, Małecki M, Prejbisz A, Rakowski M, Rysz J, Solnica B, Sitkiewicz D, Sygitowicz G, Sypniewska G, Tomasik T, Windak A, Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz D, Cybulska B. PoLA/CFPiP/PCS/PSLD/PSD/PSH guidelines on diagnosis and therapy of lipid disorders in Poland 2021. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1447-1547. [PMID: 34900032 PMCID: PMC8641518 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/141941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Poland there are still nearly 20 million individuals with hypercholesterolaemia, most of them are unaware of their condition; that is also why only ca. 5% of patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia have been diagnosed; that is why other rare cholesterol metabolism disorders are so rarely diagnosed in Poland. Let us hope that these guidelines, being an effect of work of experts representing 6 main scientific societies, as well as the network of PoLA lipid centers being a part of the EAS lipid centers, certification of lipidologists by PoLA, or the growing number of centers for rare diseases, with a network planned by the Ministry of Health, improvements in coordinated care for patients after myocardial infarction (KOS-Zawał), reimbursement of innovative agents, as well as introduction in Poland of an effective primary prevention program, will make improvement in relation to these unmet needs in diagnostics and treatment of lipid disorders possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI) in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Burchardt
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology, and Internal Medicine, K. Marcinkowski Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Unit, J. Strus Hospital, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chlebus
- First Department and Chair of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Dudek
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Dyrbuś
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gąsior
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Jóźwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Małecki
- Department and Chair of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksander Prejbisz
- Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Rakowski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Chair of Nephrology, Arterial Hypertension, and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Sitkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Sypniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, L. Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomasik
- Chair of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Windak
- Chair of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz
- Department and Chair of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, K. Marcinkowski Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Cybulska
- National Institute of Public Health NIH – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Quispe R, Martin SS, Michos ED, Lamba I, Blumenthal RS, Saeed A, Lima J, Puri R, Nomura S, Tsai M, Wilkins J, Ballantyne CM, Nicholls S, Jones SR, Elshazly MB. Remnant cholesterol predicts cardiovascular disease beyond LDL and ApoB: a primary prevention study. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4324-4332. [PMID: 34293083 PMCID: PMC8572557 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Emerging evidence suggests that remnant cholesterol (RC) promotes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We aimed to estimate RC-related risk beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) in patients without known ASCVD. METHODS AND RESULTS We pooled data from 17 532 ASCVD-free individuals from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (n = 9748), the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (n = 3049), and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (n = 4735). RC was calculated as non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) minus calculated LDL-C. Adjusted Cox models were used to estimate the risk for incident ASCVD associated with log RC levels. We also performed discordance analyses examining relative ASCVD risk in RC vs. LDL-C discordant/concordant groups using difference in percentile units (>10 units) and clinically relevant LDL-C targets. The mean age of participants was 52.3 ± 17.9 years, 56.7% were women and 34% black. There were 2143 ASCVD events over the median follow-up of 18.7 years. After multivariable adjustment including LDL-C and apoB, log RC was associated with higher ASCVD risk [hazard ratio (HR) 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45-1.89]. Moreover, the discordant high RC/low LDL-C group, but not the low RC/high LDL-C group, was associated with increased ASCVD risk compared to the concordant group (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.08-1.34). Similar results were shown when examining discordance across clinical cutpoints. CONCLUSIONS In ASCVD-free individuals, elevated RC levels were associated with ASCVD independent of traditional risk factors, LDL-C, and apoB levels. The mechanisms of RC association with ASCVD, surprisingly beyond apoB, and the potential value of targeted RC-lowering in primary prevention need to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Quispe
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth Shay Martin
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin Donelly Michos
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Isha Lamba
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger Scott Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anum Saeed
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joao Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rishi Puri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Nomura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John Wilkins
- Division of Cardiology and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christie Mitchell Ballantyne
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Richard Jones
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamed Badreldin Elshazly
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yoshinaga MY, Quintanilha BJ, Chaves-Filho AB, Miyamoto S, Sampaio GR, Rogero MM. Postprandial plasma lipidome responses to a high-fat meal among healthy women. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108809. [PMID: 34192591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia consists of changes in concentrations and composition of plasma lipids after food intake, commonly presented as increased levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia may also affect high-density lipoprotein (HDL) structure and function, resulting in a net decrease in HDL concentrations. Elevated triglycerides (TG) and reduced HDL levels have been positively associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases development. Here, we investigated the plasma lipidome composition of 12 clinically healthy, nonobese and young women in response to an acute high-caloric (1135 kcal) and high-fat (64 g) breakfast meal. For this purpose, we employed a detailed untargeted mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach and data was obtained at four sampling points: fasting and 1, 3 and 5 h postprandial. Analysis of variance revealed 73 significantly altered lipid species between all sampling points. Nonetheless, two divergent subgroups have emerged at 5 h postprandial as a function of differential plasma lipidome responses, and were thereby designated slow and fast TG metabolizers. Late responses by slow TG metabolizers were associated with increased concentrations of several species of TG and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Lipidomic analysis of lipoprotein fractions at 5 h postprandial revealed higher TG and PI concentrations in HDL from slow relative to fast TG metabolizers, but not in apoB-containing fraction. These data indicate that modulations in HDL lipidome during prolonged postprandial lipemia may potentially impact HDL functions. A comprehensive characterization of plasma lipidome responses to acute metabolic challenges may contribute to a better understanding of diet/lifestyle regulation in the metabolism of lipid and glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Yukio Yoshinaga
- Laboratory of Modified Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Jardim Quintanilha
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP, Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Britto Chaves-Filho
- Laboratory of Modified Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Modified Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geni Rodrigues Sampaio
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP, Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Triglycerides are critical lipids as they provide an energy source that is both compact and efficient. Due to its hydrophobic nature triglyceride molecules can pack together densely and so be stored in adipose tissue. To be transported in the aqueous medium of plasma, triglycerides have to be incorporated into lipoprotein particles along with other components such as cholesterol, phospholipid and associated structural and regulatory apolipoproteins. Here we discuss the physiology of normal triglyceride metabolism, and how impaired metabolism induces hypertriglyceridemia and its pathogenic consequences including atherosclerosis. We also discuss established and novel therapies to reduce triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
Collapse
|
24
|
Minato-Inokawa S, Tsuboi A, Takeuchi M, Kitaoka K, Yano M, Kurata M, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Associations of serum transthyretin with triglyceride in non-obese elderly Japanese women independently of insulin resistance, HDL cholesterol, and adiponectin. Diabetol Int 2021; 12:405-411. [PMID: 34567923 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-021-00496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Studies are limited on the association between serum transthyretin (TTR), a negative acute phase reactant, and triglyceride (TG). Research design and methods TG, TTR, and insulin resistance-related cardiometabolic variables were measured in 159 fasting and 185 nonfasting community-dwelling elderly women aged 50-96 years. Pearson correlation analysis and then stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to further identify the most significant variables contributing to the variation of fasting and nonfasting TG. Results Multiple regression analysis for fasting TG as a dependent variable revealed that TTR (standardized β: 0.299) and HDL cholesterol (standardized β: -0.545) emerged as determinants of TG independently of percentage of body fat, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, serum leptin and adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (R 2 = 0.36). For nonfasting TG, HDL cholesterol (standardized β: - 0.461), TTR (standardized β: 0.231), nonfasting insulin, a marker of insulin resistance, (standardized β: 0.202), and PAI-1 (standardized β: 0.187) emerged as determinants independently of percentage of body fat, nonfasting glucose, serum leptin and adiponectin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (R 2 = 0.45). Conclusions Fasting and nonfasting TG showed positive association with TTR in community-dwelling elderly non-obese women independently of insulin resistance, HDL cholesterol, and adiponectin. These findings may provide a clue as to a physiological function of circulating TTR in human: an influence factor of TG-rich lipoproteins in the circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Minato-Inokawa
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan.,Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuboi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan.,Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan
| | - Megumu Yano
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan.,Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan.,Department of Medicine, Kohnan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan.,Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fowler A, Sampson M, Remaley AT, Chackerian B. A VLP-based vaccine targeting ANGPTL3 lowers plasma triglycerides in mice. Vaccine 2021; 39:5780-5786. [PMID: 34474934 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated triglycerides (TGs) are an important risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) and in acute pancreatitis. Angiopoietin-like proteins 3 (ANGPTL3) and 4 (ANGPTL4) are critical regulators of TG metabolism that function by inhibiting the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which is responsible for hydrolyzing triglycerides in lipoproteins into free fatty acids. Interestingly, individuals with loss-of-function mutations in ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 have low plasma TG levels, have a reduced risk of CHD, and are otherwise healthy. Consequently, interventions targeting ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 have emerged as promising new approaches for reducing elevated TGs. Here, we developed virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccines that target the LPL binding domains of ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4. ANGPTL3 VLPs and ANGPTL4 VLPs are highly immunogenic in mice and vaccination with ANGPTL3 VLPs, but not ANGPTL4 VLPs, was associated with reduced steady state levels of TGs. Immunization with ANGPTL3 VLPs rapidly cleared circulating TG levels following an oil gavage challenge and enhanced plasma LPL activity. These data indicate that targeting ANGPTL3 by active vaccination is a potential alternative to other ANGPTL3-inhibiting therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fowler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08-4660, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Maureen Sampson
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-2C433, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-2C433, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08-4660, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ginsberg HN, Packard CJ, Chapman MJ, Borén J, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Averna M, Ference BA, Gaudet D, Hegele RA, Kersten S, Lewis GF, Lichtenstein AH, Moulin P, Nordestgaard BG, Remaley AT, Staels B, Stroes ESG, Taskinen MR, Tokgözoğlu LS, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Stock JK, Catapano AL. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies-a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4791-4806. [PMID: 34472586 PMCID: PMC8670783 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in human genetics, together with a large body of epidemiologic, preclinical, and clinical trial results, provide strong support for a causal association between triglycerides (TG), TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL), and TRL remnants, and increased risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and aortic valve stenosis. These data also indicate that TRL and their remnants may contribute significantly to residual cardiovascular risk in patients on optimized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering therapy. This statement critically appraises current understanding of the structure, function, and metabolism of TRL, and their pathophysiological role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Key points are (i) a working definition of normo- and hypertriglyceridaemic states and their relation to risk of ASCVD, (ii) a conceptual framework for the generation of remnants due to dysregulation of TRL production, lipolysis, and remodelling, as well as clearance of remnant lipoproteins from the circulation, (iii) the pleiotropic proatherogenic actions of TRL and remnants at the arterial wall, (iv) challenges in defining, quantitating, and assessing the atherogenic properties of remnant particles, and (v) exploration of the relative atherogenicity of TRL and remnants compared to LDL. Assessment of these issues provides a foundation for evaluating approaches to effectively reduce levels of TRL and remnants by targeting either production, lipolysis, or hepatic clearance, or a combination of these mechanisms. This consensus statement updates current understanding in an integrated manner, thereby providing a platform for new therapeutic paradigms targeting TRL and their remnants, with the aim of reducing the risk of ASCVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry N Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, PH-10-305, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - M John Chapman
- Sorbonne University Endocrinology-Metabolism Division, Pitié-Salpetriere University Hospital, and National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), 47 Hôpital boulevard, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas and Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, Nuevo León 3000, Mexico
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, Marina Square, 61, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Brian A Ference
- Centre for Naturally Randomized Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Clinical Lipidology and Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE, Clinical and Translational Research Center, and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, 305 Rue St Vallier, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 5H6, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Eaton Building, Room 12E248, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St Ste 9, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Philippe Moulin
- Department of Endocrinology, GHE, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm UMR 1060, CENS-ELI B, Univ-Lyon1, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev 2730, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Dr Ste 10-7C114, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1541 Kings Hwy, Amsterdam 71103, The Netherlands
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lale S Tokgözoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Blegdamsvej 9, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej, Frederiksberg 57 2000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen 3B 2200, Denmark
| | - Jane K Stock
- European Atherosclerosis Society, Mässans Gata 10, Gothenburg SE-412 51, Sweden
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano and IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nayor M, Shah SH, Murthy V, Shah RV. Molecular Aspects of Lifestyle and Environmental Effects in Patients With Diabetes: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:481-495. [PMID: 34325838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized as an integrated condition of dysregulated metabolism across multiple tissues, with well-established consequences on the cardiovascular system. Recent advances in precision phenotyping in biofluids and tissues in large human observational and interventional studies have afforded a unique opportunity to translate seminal findings in models and cellular systems to patients at risk for diabetes and its complications. Specifically, techniques to assay metabolites, proteins, and transcripts, alongside more recent assessment of the gut microbiome, underscore the complexity of diabetes in patients, suggesting avenues for precision phenotyping of risk, response to intervention, and potentially novel therapies. In addition, the influence of external factors and inputs (eg, activity, diet, medical therapies) on each domain of molecular characterization has gained prominence toward better understanding their role in prevention. Here, the authors provide a broad overview of the role of several of these molecular domains in human translational investigation in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nayor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. https://twitter.com/MattNayor
| | - Svati H Shah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA. https://twitter.com/SvatiShah
| | - Venkatesh Murthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. https://twitter.com/venkmurthy
| | - Ravi V Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hageman JH, Erdõs B, Keijer J, Adriaens M, de Wit B, Stañková B, Tvrzická E, Arts IC, Nieuwenhuizen AG. The Effect of Partly Replacing Vegetable Fat with Bovine Milk Fat in Infant Formula on Postprandial Lipid and Energy Metabolism: A Proof-of-principle Study in Healthy Young Male Adults. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000848. [PMID: 33682997 PMCID: PMC8243939 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Infant formula (IF) uses besides vegetable fats also bovine milk fat, which differs in triacylglycerol (TAG) structure. Furthermore, it differs in fatty acid (FA) composition. Whether changing fat source in IF affects postprandial energy metabolism, lipemic response, and blood lipid profile is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS A proof-of-principle study, with a randomized controlled double-blind cross-over design, is conducted. Twenty healthy male adults consumed drinks with either 100% vegetable fat (VEG) or 67% bovine milk fat and 33% vegetable fat (BOV), on 2 separate days. For a detailed insight in the postprandial responses, indirect calorimetry is performed continuously, and venous blood samples are taken every 30 min, until 5 h postprandially. No differences in postprandial energy metabolism, serum lipids, lipoprotein, or chylomicron concentrations are observed between drinks. After consumption of VEG-drink, C18:2n-6 in serum increased. Observed differences in chylomicron FA profile reflect differences in initial FA profile of test drinks. Serum ketone bodies concentrations increase following consumption of BOV-drink. CONCLUSIONS The use of bovine milk fat in IF does neither affect postprandial energy metabolism nor lipemic response in healthy adults, but alters postprandial FA profiles and ketone metabolism. Whether the exact same effects occur in infants requires experimental verification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeske H.J. Hageman
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen Universityde Elst 1Wageningen6708 WDNetherlands
- FrieslandCampinaStationsplein 1Amersfoort3818 LENetherlands
| | - Balázs Erdõs
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio)Maastricht UniversityMaastricht6200 MDNetherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen Universityde Elst 1Wageningen6708 WDNetherlands
| | - Michiel Adriaens
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio)Maastricht UniversityMaastricht6200 MDNetherlands
| | - Britt de Wit
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen Universityde Elst 1Wageningen6708 WDNetherlands
| | - Barbora Stañková
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine1st Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Eva Tvrzická
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine1st Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Ilja C.W. Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio)Maastricht UniversityMaastricht6200 MDNetherlands
| | - Arie G. Nieuwenhuizen
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen Universityde Elst 1Wageningen6708 WDNetherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lahoz C, Mostaza JM. Familial hypertriglyceridemia/polygenic hypertrigliceridemia. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2021; 33 Suppl 2:37-42. [PMID: 34006352 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For decades, familial hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) has been considered a specific entity characterized by an increase in VLDL particles and an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. In the genomics era, it has been proven that familial HTG, although it could be grouped in families, had a polygenic inheritance in which the phenotype would be determined by concomitant environmental factors. Hence its inclusion in the group of polygenic HTGs. Clinically, they are characterized by moderate HTG, with the consequent increase in cardiovascular risk, and in rare cases, by severe HTG with risk of acute pancreatitis. Treatment will be based on controlling environmental factors, implementing hygienic-dietetic measures and sometimes drugs, to reduce cardiovascular risk in moderate HTGs and acute pancreatitis risk in severe HTGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lahoz
- Unidad de Lípidos y Riesgo Vascular, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, España.
| | - José María Mostaza
- Unidad de Lípidos y Riesgo Vascular, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Moreno-Pérez B, Benito E, Civera M, Alabadi B, Martinez-Hervas S, Peiro M, González-Navarro H, Piqueras L, Sanz MJ, Ascaso JF, Real JT. Postprandial triglyceridaemia is modulated by insulin resistance but not by grade of obesity in abdominal and morbid obese subjects. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13776. [PMID: 33089594 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with high cardiovascular risk. Postprandial lipidaemia has been associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Our aim was to identify whether anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance (IR) and/or fasting plasma triglycerides may determine postprandial changes in lipoprotein concentrations in abdominal and morbid obese subjects. METHODS We have studied 20 non-diabetic, normolipidaemic subjects with abdominal obesity, 20 morbid obese subjects and 20 healthy individuals, that have similar age and gender. In all of them a standardised oral fat load test (OFLT) with unsaturated fat was performed. RESULTS During the OFLT, the postprandial triglycerides response was significantly higher in subjects with abdominal obesity compared with morbid obese subjects (4 hours triglycerides pick value and AUC of triglycerides). Both obese groups showed significantly higher postprandial triglycerides response compared with healthy subjects. Dividing the obesity group according to the presence of IR, we found that IR was an important factor related with postprandial lipaemia but not BMI or waist circumference. In addition, postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia significantly decreased in all studied subjects, being the highest decrease in morbid obese subjects and in subjects with IR. Postprandial triglyceridaemia significantly correlated with IR parameters and not with anthropometric parameters in AO and MO subjects. CONCLUSION In subjects with AO and MO, postprandial triglycerides values are higher than healthy individuals and independently predicted by fasting IR parameters. Furthermore, unsaturated fat improved IR state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Moreno-Pérez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Benito
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Civera
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Blanca Alabadi
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Martinez-Hervas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Peiro
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Herminia González-Navarro
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Experimental and Social Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Piqueras
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Sanz
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Ascaso
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose T Real
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dixon MD, Koemel NA, Sciarrillo CM, Lucas EA, Jenkins NDM, Emerson SR. The reliability of an abbreviated fat tolerance test: A comparison to the oral glucose tolerance test. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:428-435. [PMID: 34024551 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is predictive of cardiovascular disease risk, but the current method for assessing PPL is a burdensome process. Recently, the validity of an abbreviated fat tolerance test (AFTT) has been demonstrated. As a continuation of this research, the purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the AFTT and compare it to the reliability of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). METHODS In this randomized crossover trial, 20 healthy adults (10 male and 10 female) completed 2 AFTTs and 2 OGTTs, each separated by a 1-week washout. For the AFTT, triglycerides (TG) were measured at baseline and 4 h post-consumption of a high-fat meal, during which time participants were able to leave the lab. For the OGTT, we measured blood glucose at baseline and 2 h post-consumption of a 75-g pure glucose solution, and participants remained in the lab. To determine reliability, we calculated within-subject coefficient of variation (WCV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS The mean 4-h TG WCV for the AFTT was 12.6%, while the mean 2-h glucose WCV for the OGTT was 10.5%. ICC values for 4-h TG and TG change were 0.79 and 0.71, respectively, while ICC values for 2-h glucose and glucose change were 0.66 and 0.56, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Based on WCV and ICC, the TG response to an AFTT was similarly reliable to the glucose response to an OGTT in our sample of healthy adults, supporting the AFTT's potential as a standard clinical test for determining PPL. However, reliability of the AFTT needs to be further tested in individuals at greater risk for cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison D Dixon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 301 Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Koemel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 301 Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Christina M Sciarrillo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 301 Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 301 Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, E102 Field House, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Ioa 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Sam R Emerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 301 Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cruz-Bautista I, Huerta-Chagoya A, Moreno-Macías H, Rodríguez-Guillén R, Ordóñez-Sánchez ML, Segura-Kato Y, Mehta R, Almeda-Valdés P, Gómez-Munguía L, Ruiz-De Chávez X, Rosas-Flota X, Andrade-Amado A, Bernal-Barroeta B, López-Carrasco MG, Guillén-Pineda LE, López-Estrada A, Elías-López D, Martagón-Rosado AJ, Gómez-Velasco D, Lam-Chung CE, Bello-Chavolla OY, Del Razo-Olvera F, Cetina-Pérez LD, Acosta-Rodríguez JL, Tusié-Luna MT, Aguilar-Salinas CA. Familial hypertriglyceridemia: an entity with distinguishable features from other causes of hypertriglyceridemia. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:14. [PMID: 33588820 PMCID: PMC7885394 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG) is a partially characterized primary dyslipidemia which is frequently confused with other forms hypertriglyceridemia. The aim of this work is to search for specific features that can help physicians recognize this disease. METHODS This study included 84 FHTG cases, 728 subjects with common mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia (CHTG) and 609 normotriglyceridemic controls. All subjects underwent genetic, clinical and biochemical assessments. A set of 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with triglycerides levels, as well as 37 rare variants within the five main genes associated with hypertriglyceridemia (i.e. LPL, APOC2, APOA5, LMF1 and GPIHBP1) were analyzed. A panel of endocrine regulatory proteins associated with triglycerides homeostasis were compared between the FHTG and CHTG groups. RESULTS Apolipoprotein B, fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF-21), angiopoietin-like proteins 3 (ANGPTL3) and apolipoprotein A-II concentrations, were independent components of a model to detect FHTG compared with CHTG (AUC 0.948, 95%CI 0.901-0.970, 98.5% sensitivity, 92.2% specificity, P < 0.001). The polygenic set of SNPs, accounted for 1.78% of the variance in triglyceride levels in FHTG and 6.73% in CHTG. CONCLUSIONS The clinical and genetic differences observed between FHTG and CHTG supports the notion that FHTG is a unique entity, distinguishable from other causes of hypertriglyceridemia by the higher concentrations of insulin, FGF-21, ANGPTL3, apo A-II and lower levels of apo B. We propose the inclusion of these parameters as useful markers for differentiating FHTG from other causes of hypertriglyceridemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Cruz-Bautista
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- CONACyT. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hortensia Moreno-Macías
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Economía, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosario Rodríguez-Guillén
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Ordóñez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yayoi Segura-Kato
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roopa Mehta
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paloma Almeda-Valdés
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lizeth Gómez-Munguía
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ximena Ruiz-De Chávez
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ximena Rosas-Flota
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arali Andrade-Amado
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bárbara Bernal-Barroeta
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe López-Carrasco
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz Elizabeth Guillén-Pineda
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angelina López-Estrada
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Elías-López
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexandro J Martagón-Rosado
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Donají Gómez-Velasco
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cesar Ernesto Lam-Chung
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Del Razo-Olvera
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucely D Cetina-Pérez
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - María Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dib I, Khalil A, Chouaib R, El-Makhour Y, Noureddine H. Apolipoprotein C-III and cardiovascular diseases: when genetics meet molecular pathologies. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:875-886. [PMID: 33389539 PMCID: PMC7778846 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have overtaken infectious diseases and are currently the world's top killer. A quite strong linkage between this type of ailments and elevated plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) has been always noticed. Notably, this risk factor is mired in deep confusion, since its role in atherosclerosis is uncertain. One of the explanations that aim to decipher this persistent enigma was provided by apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III), a small protein historically recognized as an important regulator of TG metabolism. Preeminently, hundreds of studies have been carried out in order to explore the APOC3 genetic background, as well as to establish a correlation between its variants and dyslipidemia-related disorders, pointing to an earnest predictive power for future outcomes. Among several polymorphisms reported within the APOC3, the SstI site in its 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) was the most consistently and robustly associated with an increased CVD risk. As more genetic data supporting its importance in cardiovascular events aggregate, it was declared, correspondingly, that apoC-III exerts various atherogenic effects, either by intervening in the function and catabolism of many lipoproteins, or by inducing endothelial inflammation and smooth muscle cells (SMC) proliferation. This review was designed to shed the light on the structural and functional aspects of the APOC3 gene, the existing association between its SstI polymorphism and CVD, and the specific molecular mechanisms that underlie apoC-III pathological implications. In addition, the translation of all these gathered knowledges into preventive and therapeutic benefits will be detailed too.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israa Dib
- grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Alia Khalil
- grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Racha Chouaib
- grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Yolla El-Makhour
- grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Noureddine
- grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Taskinen MR, Björnson E, Kahri J, Söderlund S, Matikainen N, Porthan K, Ainola M, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom N, Fermanelli V, Fuchs J, Thorsell A, Kronenberg F, Andersson L, Adiels M, Packard CJ, Borén J. Effects of Evolocumab on the Postprandial Kinetics of Apo (Apolipoprotein) B100- and B48-Containing Lipoproteins in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:962-975. [PMID: 33356392 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes is linked to elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants. The metabolic effects of PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9) inhibitors on this dyslipidemia were investigated using stable-isotope-labeled tracers. Approach and Results: Triglyceride transport and the metabolism of apos (apolipoproteins) B48, B100, C-III, and E after a fat-rich meal were investigated before and on evolocumab treatment in 13 subjects with type 2 diabetes. Kinetic parameters were determined for the following: apoB48 in chylomicrons; triglyceride in VLDL1 (very low-density lipoprotein) and VLDL2; and apoB100 in VLDL1, VLDL2, IDL (intermediate-density lipoprotein), and LDL (low-density lipoprotein). Evolocumab did not alter the kinetics of apoB48 in chylomicrons or apoB100 or triglyceride in VLDL1. In contrast, the fractional catabolic rates of VLDL2-apoB100 and VLDL2-triglyceride were both increased by about 45%, which led to a 28% fall in the VLDL2 plasma level. LDL-apoB100 was markedly reduced by evolocumab, which was linked to metabolic heterogeneity in this fraction. Evolocumab increased clearance of the more rapidly metabolized LDL by 61% and decreased production of the more slowly cleared LDL by 75%. ApoC-III kinetics were not altered by evolocumab, but the apoE fractional catabolic rates increased by 45% and the apoE plasma level fell by 33%. The apoE fractional catabolic rates was associated with the decrease in VLDL2- and IDL-apoB100 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Evolocumab had only minor effects on lipoproteins that are involved in triglyceride transport (chylomicrons and VLDL1) but, in contrast, had a profound impact on lipoproteins that carry cholesterol (VLDL2, IDL, LDL). Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02948777.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine (M.-R.T., J.K., S.S., N.M., K.P., M. Ainola), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elias Björnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (E.B., L.A., M. Adiels, J.B.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juhani Kahri
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine (M.-R.T., J.K., S.S., N.M., K.P., M. Ainola), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Söderlund
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine (M.-R.T., J.K., S.S., N.M., K.P., M. Ainola), University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (S.S., N.M.), Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Niina Matikainen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine (M.-R.T., J.K., S.S., N.M., K.P., M. Ainola), University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (S.S., N.M.), Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Kimmo Porthan
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine (M.-R.T., J.K., S.S., N.M., K.P., M. Ainola), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Ainola
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine (M.-R.T., J.K., S.S., N.M., K.P., M. Ainola), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland (A.H.)
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Johannes Fuchs
- Proteomics Core Facility (J.F., A.T.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Thorsell
- Proteomics Core Facility (J.F., A.T.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (F.K.)
| | - Linda Andersson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (E.B., L.A., M. Adiels, J.B.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Adiels
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (E.B., L.A., M. Adiels, J.B.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (M. Adiels), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chris J Packard
- Isnstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (C.J.P.)
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (E.B., L.A., M. Adiels, J.B.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Teixeira BC, Krüger RL, Farinha JB, Boeno FP, Macedo RCO, Fonseca GA, Bandinelli E, Duarte MMMF, Reischak-Oliveira A. Aerobic exercise improves postprandial inflammatory and hemostatic markers after a high-fat meal: a randomized crossover study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:637-643. [PMID: 33320779 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Exercise intensity modulates postprandial lipemia. However, its effect on hemostatic and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in the postprandial state is still unknown. Eleven young males performed a 2-day trial on different conditions: (i) REST: rest for 45 min; (ii) MIE: moderate-intensity exercise; and (iii) HIE: heavy-intensity exercise. Experimental conditions were performed in the evening. On the following morning, blood samples were taken in the fasted state (0 h) and at 1, 3, and 5 h after the consumption of a high-fat meal (HFM). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were higher in the HIE vs. MIE trial at 0 and 1 h (p < 0.033) and IL-10 incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was greater in the MIE (p = 0.027) and HIE (p = 0.045) trials vs. REST. Lower levels of anti-coagulation factor VII (FVII) were observed at 1 h in the MIE condition vs. REST (p = 0.043). In comparison with REST, MIE improved hemostatic (FVII) and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 iAUC) whereas HIE enhanced IL-10 in the postprandial state. Regardless of the exercise intensity, aerobic exercise mitigates the deleterious consequences of an HFM. Novelty: Prior aerobic exercise at moderate-intensity attenuates next day's postprandial FVII and IL-10 levels whereas exercise performed at heavy-intensity increases IL-10 levels. Moderate-intensity exercise may be more beneficial to improve hemostatic (FVII) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) responses while heavy-intensity exercise may improve anti-inflammatory (IL-10) levels only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Costa Teixeira
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil.,Physical Education School, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguay and the Missions (URI), São Luiz Gonzaga, RS 97800-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Lopes Krüger
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Juliano Boufleur Farinha
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Franccesco Pinto Boeno
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil.,Physical Education School, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguay and the Missions (URI), São Luiz Gonzaga, RS 97800-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil.,University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS 96815-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Alves Fonseca
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Eliane Bandinelli
- Institute of Bioscience - Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ochiai M. Evaluating the appropriate oral lipid tolerance test model for investigating plasma triglyceride elevation in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235875. [PMID: 33022003 PMCID: PMC7537863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) has been known to assess intestinal fat metabolism and whole-body lipid metabolism, but rodent models for OLTT are not yet established. Differences in OLTT methodology preclude the generation of definitive results, which may cause some confusion about the anti-hypertriglyceridemia effects of the test materials. To standardize and generate more appropriate methodology for the OLTT, we examined the effects of mice strain, dietary lipid sources, fasting period, and gender on lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia in mice. First, lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia was more strongly observed in male ddY mice than in C57BL/6N or ICR mice. Second, the administration of olive and soybean oils remarkably represented lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Third, fasting period before the OLTT largely affected the plasma triglyceride elevation. Fasting for 12 h, but less than 48 h, provoked lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Fourth, we explored the suppressive effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, on lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia. The administration of 100 mg/kg of EGCG suppressed lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia and intestinal lipase activity. Fifth, EGCG-induced suppressive effects were observed after lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia was observed in male mice, but not in female mice. Lastly, lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia could be more effectively induced in mice fed a high-fat diet for 1 week before the OLTT. These findings indicate that male ddY mice after 12 h fasting displayed marked lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia in response to soybean oil. Hence, the defined experiment condition may be a more appropriate OLTT model for evaluating lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ochiai
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Björnson E, Packard CJ, Adiels M, Andersson L, Matikainen N, Söderlund S, Kahri J, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom N, Lundbom J, Sihlbom C, Thorsell A, Zhou H, Taskinen MR, Borén J. Apolipoprotein B48 metabolism in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins and its role in triglyceride transport in normo- and hypertriglyceridemic human subjects. J Intern Med 2020; 288:422-438. [PMID: 31846520 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renewed interest in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as causative agents in cardiovascular disease mandates further exploration of the integrated metabolism of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). METHODS Novel tracer techniques and an integrated multi-compartmental model were used to determine the kinetics of apoB48- and apoB100-containing particles in the chylomicron and VLDL density intervals in 15 subjects with a wide range of plasma triglyceride levels. RESULTS Following a fat-rich meal, apoB48 appeared in the chylomicron, VLDL1 and VLDL2 fractions in all subjects. Chylomicrons cleared rapidly from the circulation but apoB48-containing VLDL accumulated, and over the day were 3-fold higher in those with high versus low plasma triglyceride. ApoB48-containing particles were secreted directly into both the chylomicron and VLDL fractions at rates that were similar across the plasma triglyceride range studied. During fat absorption, whilst most triglyceride entered the circulation in chylomicrons, the majority of apoB48 particles were secreted into the VLDL density range. CONCLUSION The intestine secretes apoB48-containing particles not only as chylomicrons but also directly into the VLDL1 and VLDL2 density ranges both in the basal state and during dietary lipid absorption. Over the day, apoB48-containing particles appear to comprise about 20-25% of circulating VLDL and, especially in those with elevated triglycerides, form part of a slowly cleared 'remnant' particle population, thereby potentially increasing CHD risk. These findings provide a metabolic understanding of the potential consequences for increased CHD risk when slowed lipolysis leads to the accumulation of remnants, especially in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Björnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Adiels
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Andersson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N Matikainen
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Söderlund
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Kahri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Hakkarainen
- Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - N Lundbom
- Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Lundbom
- Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Sihlbom
- Proteomics Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Thorsell
- Proteomics Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Zhou
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - M-R Taskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Biometric, nutritional, biochemical, and cardiovascular outcomes in male rats submitted to an experimental model of early weaning that mimics mother abandoning. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:523-529. [PMID: 32900421 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Literature describes breast milk as the best food for the newborn, recommending exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months of age. However, it is not available for more than 40% of children worldwide. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological models of 3-day early weaning were developed in rodents to investigate later outcomes related solely to this nutritional insult. Thus, the present work aimed to describe biometric, nutritional, biochemical, and cardiovascular outcomes in adult male rats submitted to 3-day early weaning achieved by maternal deprivation. This experimental model comprises not only nutritional insult but also emotional stress, simulating mother abandoning. Male offspring were physically separated from their mothers at 21st (control) or 18th (early weaning) postnatal day, receiving water/food ad libitum. Analysis performed at postnatal days 30, 90, 150, and 365 encompassed body mass and food intake monitoring and serum biochemistry determination. Further assessments included hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and cardiorespiratory evaluation. Early-weaned males presented higher body weight when compared to control as well as dyslipidemia, higher blood pressure, diastolic dysfunction, and cardiac hypertrophy in adult life. Animals early deprived of their mothers have also presented a worse performance on the maximal effort ergometer test. This work shows that 3-day early maternal deprivation favors the development of cardiovascular disease in male rats.
Collapse
|
39
|
Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176275. [PMID: 32872570 PMCID: PMC7503727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 830] [Impact Index Per Article: 207.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond appropriately to insulin. Because insulin release and activity are essential processes for glucose homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms involved in the synthesis and release of insulin, as well as in its detection are tightly regulated. Defects in any of the mechanisms involved in these processes can lead to a metabolic imbalance responsible for the development of the disease. This review analyzes the key aspects of T2DM, as well as the molecular mechanisms and pathways implicated in insulin metabolism leading to T2DM and insulin resistance. For that purpose, we summarize the data gathered up until now, focusing especially on insulin synthesis, insulin release, insulin sensing and on the downstream effects on individual insulin-sensitive organs. The review also covers the pathological conditions perpetuating T2DM such as nutritional factors, physical activity, gut dysbiosis and metabolic memory. Additionally, because T2DM is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis development, we review here some of the molecular mechanisms that link T2DM and insulin resistance (IR) as well as cardiovascular risk as one of the most important complications in T2DM.
Collapse
|
40
|
Su X, Xu Y, Tan Z, Wang X, Yang P, Su Y, Jiang Y, Qin S, Shang L. Prediction for cardiovascular diseases based on laboratory data: An analysis of random forest model. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23421. [PMID: 32725839 PMCID: PMC7521325 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To establish a prediction model for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the general population based on random forests. Methods A retrospective study involving 498 subjects was conducted in Xi'an Medical University between 2011 and 2018. The random forest algorithm was used to screen out the variables that greatly affected the CVD prediction and to establish a prediction model. The important variables were included in the multifactorial logistic regression analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) was compared between logistic regression model and random forest model. Results The random forest model revealed the variables, including the age, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol (TC), waist circumference, and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), were more significant for CVD prediction; the AUC was 0.802 in CVD prediction. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk factors for CVD included the age [odds ratio (OR): 1.14, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.10‐1.17, P < .001], BMI (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.20, P < .001), TG (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.22, P = .023), and DBP (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.06, P = .001); the AUC was 0.843 in CVD prediction. The established logistic regression prediction model was Logit P = Log[P/(1 − P)] = −11.47 + 0.13 × age + 0.12 × BMI + 0.11 × TG + 0.04 × DBP; P = 1/[1 + exp(−Logit P)]. People were prone to develop CVD at the time of P > .51. Conclusions A prediction model for CVD is developed in the general population based on random forests, which provides a simple tool for the early prediction of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Su
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Health Management, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongyong Xu
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yani Su
- Data Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- School of Health Management, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijia Qin
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ibi D, Noordam R, van Klinken JB, Li-Gao R, de Mutsert R, Trompet S, Christen T, Blauw LL, van Heemst D, Mook-Kanamori DO, Rosendaal FR, Jukema JW, Dollé MET, Rensen PCN, van Dijk KW. Genome-Wide Association Study of the Postprandial Triglyceride Response Yields Common Genetic Variation in LIPC (Hepatic Lipase). CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e002693. [PMID: 32603185 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations in response to a meal is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to elucidate the genetics of the postprandial TG response through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). METHODS Participants of the NEO (Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity) study (n=5630) consumed a liquid mixed meal after an overnight fast. GWAS of fasting and postprandial serum TG at 150 minutes were performed. To identify genetic variation of postprandial TG independent of fasting TG, we calculated the TG response at 150 minutes by the residuals of a nonlinear regression that predicted TG at 150 minutes as a function of fasting TG. Association analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and principal components in a linear regression model. Next, using the identified variants as determinants, we performed linear regression analyses on the residuals of the postprandial response of 149 nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolite measures. RESULTS GWAS of fasting TG and postprandial serum TG at 150 minutes resulted in completely overlapping loci, replicating previous GWAS. From GWAS of the TG response, we identified rs7350789-A (allele frequency=0.36), mapping to hepatic lipase (LIPC), to be associated with a smaller increase in TG concentrations at 150 minutes (β=-0.11; P-value=5.1×10-8). Rs7350789-A was associated with responses of 33 metabolite measures (P-value <1.34×10-3), mainly smaller increases of the TG-component in almost all HDL (high-density lipoprotein) subparticles (HDL-TG), a smaller decrease of HDL diameter and smaller increases of most components of VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) subparticles. CONCLUSIONS GWAS of the TG response identified a variant near LIPC as a main contributor to postprandial TG metabolism independent of fasting TG concentrations, resulting in smaller increases of HDL-TG and VLDL subparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Ibi
- Department of Human Genetics (D.I., J.B.v.K., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine (R.N., D.v.H.)
| | | | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | | | - Tim Christen
- Department of Human Genetics (D.I., J.B.v.K., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Lisanne L Blauw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (J.B.v.K., L.L.B., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine (R.N., D.v.H.)
| | | | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | | | - Martijn E T Dollé
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands (D.I., M.E.T.D.)
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (J.B.v.K., L.L.B., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kolovou GD, Watts GF, Mikhailidis DP, Pérez-Martínez P, Mora S, Bilianou H, Panotopoulos G, Katsiki N, Ooi TC, Lopez-Miranda J, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Tentolouris N, Nordestgaard BG. Postprandial Hypertriglyceridaemia Revisited in the Era of Non-Fasting Lipid Profile Testing: A 2019 Expert Panel Statement, Main Text. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 17:498-514. [PMID: 31060488 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190507110519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Residual vascular risk exists despite the aggressive lowering of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C). A contributor to this residual risk may be elevated fasting, or non-fasting, levels of Triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins. Therefore, there is a need to establish whethe a standardised Oral Fat Tolerance Test (OFTT) can improve atherosclerotic Cardiovascular (CV) Disease (ASCVD) risk prediction in addition to a fasting or non-fasting lipid profile. An expert panel considered the role of postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia (as represented by an OFTT) in predicting ASCVD. The panel updated its 2011 statement by considering new studies and various patient categories. The recommendations are based on expert opinion since no strict endpoint trials have been performed. Individuals with fasting TG concentration <1 mmol/L (89 mg/dL) commonly do not have an abnormal response to an OFTT. In contrast, those with fasting TG concentration ≥2 mmol/L (175 mg/dL) or nonfasting ≥2.3 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) will usually have an abnormal response. We recommend considering postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia testing when fasting TG concentrations and non-fasting TG concentrations are 1-2 mmol/L (89-175 mg/dL) and 1.3-2.3 mmol/L (115-200 mg/dL), respectively as an additional investigation for metabolic risk prediction along with other risk factors (obesity, current tobacco abuse, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus). The panel proposes that an abnormal TG response to an OFTT (consisting of 75 g fat, 25 g carbohydrate and 10 g proteins) is >2.5 mmol/L (220 mg/dL). Postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia is an emerging factor that may contribute to residual CV risk. This possibility requires further research. A standardised OFTT will allow comparisons between investigational studies. We acknowledge that the OFTT will be mainly used for research to further clarify the role of TG in relation to CV risk. For routine practice, there is a considerable support for the use of a single non-fasting sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genovefa D Kolovou
- Cardiology Department and LDL-Apheresis Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Divisions of Preventive and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Helen Bilianou
- Department of Cardiology, Tzanio Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology-Metabolism, Diabetes Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Teik C Ooi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - José Lopez-Miranda
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Discrepancy Between Fasting Flow-Mediated Dilation and Parameter of Lipids in Blood: A Randomized Exploratory Study of the Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters on Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients With Hyperlipidemia. Adv Ther 2020; 37:2169-2183. [PMID: 32200533 PMCID: PMC7467499 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters (omega-3), an eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid preparation (Lotriga®, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited), are approved in Japan to treat triglyceridemia. We investigated the effects of omega-3 on vascular endothelial function, measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Methods Patients with dyslipidemia receiving 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors were randomized 1:1 to receive omega-3 at 2 g (QD) or 4 g (2 g BID) for 8 weeks. The primary end point was the change from baseline of fasting %FMD in each treatment group. Secondary end points included the 4-h postprandial %FMD and 4-h postprandial triglyceride (TG) level. Results Thirty-seven patients were randomized to receive omega-3 at 2 g (n = 18) or 4 g (n = 19). Mean fasting %FMD did not increase from baseline to week 8 in the 2-g group (− 1.2%) or 4-g group (− 1.3%). Mean 4-h postprandial %FMD did not change from baseline to week 8 in the 2-g group (0.0%), but increased in the 4-g group (1.0%). Mean 4-h postprandial TG level decreased by 34.7 mg/dl from baseline over week 8 in the 2-g group, with a significantly larger decrease in the 4-g group of 75.9 mg/dl (p < 0.001). No new safety concerns were identified. Conclusions Fasting %FMD did not improve after 8 weeks of omega-3 treatment at 2 g or 4 g. After 8 weeks, 4-h postprandial TG levels showed improvement at both doses, with a greater reduction in the 4-g group. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02824432. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12325-020-01286-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
44
|
Novel therapeutics in hypertriglyceridaemia and chylomicronaemia. Med Clin (Barc) 2020; 154:308-314. [PMID: 31932043 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently there is evidence on hypertriglyceridaemia as an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis. Chylomicronaemia associated with very high concentration of triglycerides may cause severe and recurrent acute pancreatitis. The cause of most cases is a combination of a polygenetic basis with some lifestyles and pathological conditions. Some rare and familial chylomicronaemias are mendelian diseases with an autosomal recessive pattern. On the other hand, plasma triglycerides have considerable biological variability and usually descend with non-pharmacological interventions alone. In some cases, drugs are also required for their control, but their impact on vascular risk reduction or pancreatitis prevention is more controversial. The recent advances in knowledge of molecular lipid metabolism and pharmacological technologies are resulting in the development of new therapeutic strategies, which can be applied to patients with refractory hypertrigliceridaemia. The challenge may be how the health systems can cover its high costs.
Collapse
|
45
|
Tirandi A, Montecucco F, Carbone F. Apolipoprotein E genetic variants in Mediterranean diet: CORDIOPREV study. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13213. [PMID: 32017046 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Tirandi
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jegatheesan P, Seyssel K, Stefanoni N, Rey V, Schneiter P, Giusti V, Lecoultre V, Tappy L. Effects of gastric bypass surgery on postprandial gut and systemic lipid handling. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 35:95-102. [PMID: 31987128 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
47
|
Bozzetto L, Della Pepa G, Vetrani C, Rivellese AA. Dietary Impact on Postprandial Lipemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:337. [PMID: 32733374 PMCID: PMC7358426 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in postprandial lipemia (PPL), particularly those related to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, are considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor. As diet is known to be one of the main modulators of PPL, the aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of diet and its components on PPL in humans; specifically, the impact of weight loss, different nutrients (quantity and quality of dietary fats, carbohydrates, and proteins), alcohol and other bioactive dietary components (i.e., polyphenols), as well as the effect of different dietary patterns. The possible mechanisms behind the metabolic effects of each dietary component were also discussed.
Collapse
|
48
|
Packard CJ, Boren J, Taskinen MR. Causes and Consequences of Hypertriglyceridemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:252. [PMID: 32477261 PMCID: PMC7239992 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevations in plasma triglyceride are the result of overproduction and impaired clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins-very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons. Hypertriglyceridemia is characterized by an accumulation in the circulation of large VLDL-VLDL1-and its lipolytic products, and throughout the VLDL-LDL delipidation cascade perturbations occur that give rise to increased concentrations of remnant lipoproteins and small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The elevated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in hypertriglyceridemia is believed to result from the exposure of the artery wall to these aberrant lipoprotein species. Key regulators of the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins have been identified and a number of these are targets for pharmacological intervention. However, a clear picture is yet to emerge as to how to relate triglyceride lowering to reduced risk of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris J. Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Chris J. Packard
| | - Jan Boren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Solnica B, Sygitowicz G, Sitkiewicz D, Cybulska B, Jóźwiak J, Odrowąż-Sypniewska G, Banach M. 2020 Guidelines of the Polish Society of Laboratory Diagnostics (PSLD) and the Polish Lipid Association (PoLA) on laboratory diagnostics of lipid metabolism disorders. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:237-252. [PMID: 32190133 PMCID: PMC7069434 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.93253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Sitkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Cybulska
- National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jóźwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Averill M, Rubinow KB, Cain K, Wimberger J, Babenko I, Becker JO, Foster-Schubert KE, Cummings DE, Hoofnagle AN, Vaisar T. Postprandial remodeling of high-density lipoprotein following high saturated fat and high carbohydrate meals. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:66-76.e11. [PMID: 31859127 PMCID: PMC7085425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans spend most of the time in the postprandial state, yet most knowledge about high-density lipoproteins (HDL) derives from the fasted state. HDL protein and lipid cargo mediate HDL's antiatherogenic effects, but whether these HDL constituents change in the postprandial state and are affected by dietary macronutrients remains unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess changes in HDL protein and lipid composition after the consumption of a high-carbohydrate or high saturated fat (HSF) meal. METHODS We isolated HDL from plasma collected during a randomized, cross-over study of metabolically healthy subjects. Subjects consumed isocaloric meals consisting predominantly of either carbohydrate or fat. At baseline and at 3 and 6 hours postprandial, we quantified HDL protein and lipid composition by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 15 subjects were included (60% female, aged 34 ± 15 years, body mass index: 24.1 ± 2.7 kg/m2). Consumption of the HSF meal led to HDL enrichment in total lipid (P = .006), triglyceride (P = .02), and phospholipid (P = .008) content and a corresponding depletion in protein content. After the HSF meal, 16 of the 25 measured phosphatidylcholine species significantly increased in abundance (P values range from .027 to <.001), along with several sphingolipids including ceramides (P < .004), lactosylceramide (P = .023), and sphingomyelin-14 (P = .013). Enrichment in apolipoprotein A-I (P = .001) was the only significant change in HDL protein composition after the HSF meal. The high-carbohydrate meal conferred only minimal changes in HDL composition. CONCLUSION Meal macronutrient content acutely affects HDL composition in the postprandial state, with the HSF meal resulting in enrichment of HDL phospholipid content with possible consequences for HDL function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Averill
- Nutritional Sciences Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katya B Rubinow
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Cain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jake Wimberger
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ilona Babenko
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica O Becker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - David E Cummings
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|