1
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Lubrano V, Balzan S, Papa A. LOX-1 variants modulate the severity of cardiovascular disease: state of the art and future directions. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:2245-2254. [PMID: 37789136 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of cerebral infarction and many other ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Although large randomized clinical trials have highlighted the impressive benefits of lipid-lowering therapies, the 50-70% of patients who have achieved their lipid-lowering goal remain at high cardiovascular disease risk. For this reason, there is a need to investigate other markers of atherosclerosis progression. LOX-1 is a scavenger receptor that accepts oxidized low-density lipoproteins as major ligand and internalizes it by endocytosis favoring its retention in subendothelial layer and triggering a wide variety of proatherogenic events. However, other factors such as cytokines, shear stress, and advanced glycation end-products can upregulate LOX-1. LOX-1 is encoded by the OLR1 gene, located in the p12.3-p13 region of chromosome 12. OLR1 gene has different isoforms induced by splicing, or single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). According to some authors, the expression of these isoforms induces a different effect on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In particular, LOXIN, an isoform lacking part of the functional domain, exerts an important role in atherosclerosis protection. In other cases, studies on SNPs showed an association with more severe forms, like in the case of 3'UTR polymorphisms. The knowledge of these variants can give rise to the development of new preventive therapies and can lead to the identification of subjects at greater risk of cardiovascular event. In this review, we reported the state of the art regarding SNPs with known effects on OLR1 splicing and how LOX-1 variants modulate the severity of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Lubrano
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvana Balzan
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Papa
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Li F, Ma C, Lei S, Pan Y, Lin L, Pan C, Li Q, Geng F, Min D, Tang X. Gingipains may be one of the key virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis to impair cognition and enhance blood-brain barrier permeability: An animal study. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:818-839. [PMID: 38414291 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disorder is one of the early findings in cognitive impairments. We have recently found that Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteraemia can cause cognitive impairment and increased BBB permeability. This study aimed to find out the possible key virulence factors of P. gingivalis contributing to the pathological process. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57/BL6 mice were infected with P. gingivalis or gingipains or P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis LPS group) by tail vein injection for 8 weeks. The cognitive behaviour changes in mice, the histopathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, the alternations of BBB permeability, and the changes in Mfsd2a and Cav-1 levels were measured. The mechanisms of Ddx3x-induced regulation on Mfsd2a by arginine-specific gingipain A (RgpA) in BMECs were explored. RESULTS P. gingivalis and gingipains significantly promoted mice cognitive impairment, pathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, increased BBB permeability, inhibited Mfsd2a expression and up-regulated Cav-1 expression. After RgpA stimulation, the permeability of the BBB model in vitro increased, and the Ddx3x/Mfsd2a/Cav-1 regulatory axis was activated. CONCLUSIONS Gingipains may be one of the key virulence factors of P. gingivalis to impair cognition and enhance BBB permeability by the Ddx3x/Mfsd2a/Cav-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Li
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Center of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunliang Ma
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Lei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunling Pan
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengxue Geng
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongyu Min
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Experimental Center, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Tang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Munno M, Mallia A, Greco A, Modafferi G, Banfi C, Eligini S. Radical Oxygen Species, Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins, and Lectin-like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor 1: A Vicious Circle in Atherosclerotic Process. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:583. [PMID: 38790688 PMCID: PMC11118168 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex condition that involves the accumulation of lipids and subsequent plaque formation in the arterial intima. There are various stimuli, cellular receptors, and pathways involved in this process, but oxidative modifications of low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) are particularly important in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Ox-LDLs promote foam-cell formation, activate proinflammatory pathways, and induce smooth-muscle-cell migration, apoptosis, and cell death. One of the major receptors for ox-LDL is LOX-1, which is upregulated in several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. LOX-1 activation in endothelial cells promotes endothelial dysfunction and induces pro-atherogenic signaling, leading to plaque formation. The binding of ox-LDLs to LOX-1 increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can induce LOX-1 expression and oxidize LDLs, contributing to ox-LDL generation and further upregulating LOX-1 expression. This creates a vicious circle that is amplified in pathological conditions characterized by high plasma levels of LDLs. Although LOX-1 has harmful effects, the clinical significance of inhibiting this protein remains unclear. Further studies both in vitro and in vivo are needed to determine whether LOX-1 inhibition could be a potential therapeutic target to counteract the atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Munno
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Alice Mallia
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Arianna Greco
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Gloria Modafferi
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Sonia Eligini
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
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4
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Chiu TH, Ku CW, Ho TJ, Tsai KL, Yang YD, Ou HC, Chen HI. Schisanhenol ameliorates oxLDL-caused endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting LOX-1 signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36999521 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic lesions play a critical role in leading cardiovascular diseases. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) is a vital risk factor for atherosclerosis since it acts a crucial role in endothelial dysfunction and foam cell formation. Schisanhenol, a composition extracted from the fruit of Schisandra rubriflora, has been reported to have antioxidative effects on human LDL oxidation. This study investigates whether Schisanhenol protects against oxLDL-mediated endothelial damage by modulating the lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1)-mediated inflammatory processes. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pre-treated with 10 or 20 μM Schisanhenol for 2 h and then exposed to 150 μg/mL oxLDL. We revealed that Schisanhenol reduced oxLDL-enhanced LOX-1 expression. We also found that oxLDL down-regulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as activated inducible NOS (iNOS), thereby enhancing the generation of nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, oxLDL elevated the expression levels of phosphorylated-p38MAPK, subsequently promoting NF-κB-modulated inflammatory responses. Pretreatment with Schisanhenol exerted significant cytoprotective function in all the above-mentioned detrimental events. Results from this present study reveal that Schisanhenol has a potential therapeutic effect on preventing oxLDL-induced endothelial injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsan-Hung Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wen Ku
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Dung Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-I Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Tsumita T, Maishi N, Annan DAM, Towfik MA, Matsuda A, Onodera Y, Nam JM, Hida Y, Hida K. The oxidized-LDL/LOX-1 axis in tumor endothelial cells enhances metastasis by recruiting neutrophils and cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:944-956. [PMID: 35608341 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological relationships between cancer and cardiovascular diseases have been reported, but a molecular basis remains unclear. Some proteoglycans that strongly bind low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) are abundant both in atherosclerotic regions and in high metastatic-tumor tissue. LDL retention is crucial for the initiation of atherosclerosis, although its contribution to malignancy of cancer is not known. In this study, we show the importance of the accumulation of LDL in tumor metastasis. We demonstrated that high metastatic-tumor tissue contains high amounts of LDL and forms more oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). Interestingly, lectin-like ox-LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), a receptor for ox-LDL and a recognized key molecule for cardiovascular diseases, was highly expressed in tumor endothelial cells (TECs). Neutrophils are important for ox-LDL formation. Since we observed the accumulation and activation of neutrophils in HM-tumors, we evaluated the involvement of LOX-1 in neutrophil migration and activation. LOX-1 induced neutrophil migration via CCL2 secretion from TECs, which was enhanced by ox-LDL. Finally, we show genetic manipulation of LOX-1 expression in TECs or tumor stroma tended to reduce lung metastasis. Thus, the LOX-1/ox-LDL axis in TECs may lead to the formation of a high metastatic-tumor microenvironment via attracting neutrophils. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tsumita
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- JSPS Research Fellow for Young Scientists, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nako Maishi
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Dorcas Akuba-Muhyia Annan
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Accra College of Medicine, Accra, Ghana
- West African Genetic Medicine Centre, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mohammad Alam Towfik
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aya Matsuda
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Onodera
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (GCB), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jin-Min Nam
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (GCB), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hida
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Mentrup T, Schröder B. Signal peptide peptidase-like 2 proteases: Regulatory switches or proteasome of the membrane? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119163. [PMID: 34673079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase-like 2 (SPPL) proteases constitute a subfamily of SPP/SPPL intramembrane proteases which are homologues of the presenilins, the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex. The three SPPL2 proteases SPPL2a, SPPL2b and SPPL2c proteolyse single-span, type II-oriented transmembrane proteins and/or tail-anchored proteins within their hydrophobic transmembrane segments. We review recent progress in defining substrate spectra and in vivo functions of these proteases. Characterisation of the respective knockout mice has implicated SPPL2 proteases in immune cell differentiation and function, prevention of atherosclerotic plaque development and spermatogenesis. Mechanisms how substrates are selected by these enzymes are still incompletely understood. We will discuss current views on how selective SPPL2-mediated cleavage is or whether these proteases may exhibit a generalised role in the turnover of membrane proteins. This has been suggested previously for the mechanistically related γ-secretase for which the term "proteasome of the membrane" has been coined based on its broad substrate spectrum. With regard to individual substrates, potential signalling functions of the resulting cytosolic cleavage fragments remain a controversial aspect. However, it has been clearly shown that SPPL2 proteases can influence cellular signalling and membrane trafficking by controlling levels of their membrane-bound substrate proteins which highlights these enzymes as regulatory switches. Based on this, regulatory mechanisms controlling activity of SPPL2 proteases would need to be postulated, which are just beginning to emerge. These different questions, which are relevant for other families of intramembrane proteases in a similar way, will be critically discussed based on the current state of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Mentrup
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
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7
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Joshita S, Yamashita Y, Okamoto T, Usami Y, Sugiura A, Yamazaki T, Kakino A, Ota M, Sawamura T, Umemura T. Quantitative and qualitative lipid improvement with chronic hepatitis C virus eradication using direct-acting antivirals. Hepatol Res 2021; 51:758-766. [PMID: 33982310 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Direct-acting antivirals have revolutionized hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy by providing a high sustained virological response (SVR) rate and subsequent favorable lipid increases. Proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin like-9 (PCSK9) plays an important role in regulating quantitative lipid levels. This study examined the interactions between quantitative PCSK9 and lipid changes, as well as qualitative lipid changes in terms of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 ligand containing apolipoprotein B (LAB) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol uptake capacity (HDL-CUC). METHODS Patients with chronic HCV infection (N = 231) who achieved an SVR by direct-acting antivirals without lipid-lowering therapy were included for comparisons of PCSK9, LAB, HDL-CUC, and other clinical indices between pretreatment and SVR12 time points. RESULTS LDL (LDL) cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels were quantitatively increased at SVR12, along with higher PCSK9 (all p < 0.0001). PCSK9 was significantly correlated with LDL cholesterol (r = 0.244, p = 0.0003) and apolipoprotein B (r = 0.222, p = 0.0009) at SVR12. Regarding qualitative LDL changes, LAB was significantly decreased and LAB/LDL cholesterol and LAB/apolipoprotein B proportions were improved at SVR12 (all p < 0.0001). In terms of qualitative HDL changes, HDL-CUC was significantly ameliorated, along with HDL-CUC/HDL cholesterol, HDL-CUC/ apolipoprotein A1, and HDL-CUC/ apolipoprotein A2 at SVR12 (all p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS HCV eradication by direct-acting antivirals may produce quantitative lipid profile changes, along with PCSK9 production recovery in addition to qualitative lipid improvement, which possibly confers the additional secondary benefits of atherosclerosis improvement and cardiovascular disease event reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Joshita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies Research, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Usami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sugiura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoo Yamazaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akemi Kakino
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masao Ota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeji Umemura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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8
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Structure and Dynamics of Oxidized Lipoproteins In Vivo: Roles of High-Density Lipoprotein. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060655. [PMID: 34201176 PMCID: PMC8229488 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative modification of lipoproteins is implicated in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Earlier studies have elucidated on the mechanisms of foam cell formation and lipid accumulation in these lesions, which is mediated by scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Mounting clinical evidence has supported the involvement of oxLDL in cardiovascular diseases. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as anti-atherogenic; however, recent studies have shown circulating oxidized HDL (oxHDL) is related to cardiovascular diseases. A modified structure of oxLDL, which was increased in the plasma of patients with acute myocardial infarction, was characterized. It had two unique features: (1) a fraction of oxLDL accompanied oxHDL, and (2) apoA1 was heavily modified, while modification of apoB, and the accumulation of oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) was less pronounced. When LDL and HDL were present at the same time, oxidized lipoproteins actively interacted with each other, and oxPC and lysoPC were transferred to another lipoprotein particle and enzymatically metabolized rapidly. This brief review provides a novel view on the dynamics of oxLDL and oxHDL in circulation.
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9
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Hashimoto K, Akagi M. The role of oxidation of low-density lipids in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: A narrative review. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520931609. [PMID: 32552129 PMCID: PMC7303502 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520931609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disorder that causes degeneration of
cartilage, synovial inflammation, and formation of osteophytes. Aging, obesity,
and sex are considered the main risk factors of OA. Recent studies have
suggested that metabolic syndrome (MetS) disorders, such as hypertension,
hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, may be involved in the
pathogenesis and progression of OA. MetS disorders are common diseases that also
result in atherosclerosis. Researchers believe that OA and atherosclerosis have
underlying similar molecular mechanisms because the prevalence of both diseases
increases with age. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is believed to
play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recent reports have shown
that ox-LDL and low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) are involved in the
pathogenesis of OA. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the
current understanding of the role of the LOX-1/ox-LDL system in the pathogenesis
of OA and to reveal common underlying molecular pathways that are shared by MetS
in OA and the LOX-1/ox-LDL system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Akagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Takebayashi K, Suzuki T, Yamauchi M, Hara K, Tsuchiya T, Inukai T, Hashimoto K. Association of circulating soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 with inflammatory markers and urinary albumin excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211064468. [PMID: 34992779 PMCID: PMC8724995 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211064468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main purpose of the study was to study the association between circulating soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 levels and various markers, including inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, serum lipids, and renal function, in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. METHODS The subjects were 70 patients (men 45, women 25) who were hospitalized for treatment of poor glycemic control. Plasma soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 levels were assayed using a sandwich chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Circulating soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 was significantly positively correlated with lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein-1 ligands containing apolipoprotein B, reflecting modified low-density lipoprotein, and with inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 and urinary albumin excretion. CONCLUSIONS Soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 may serve as a marker reflecting the degrees of inflammation and albuminuria in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohzo Takebayashi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Hematology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Suzuki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Emergency and Critical Care Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Mototaka Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Hematology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Kenji Hara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Hematology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Hematology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Inukai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seibu General Hospital, Omiya, Japan
| | - Koshi Hashimoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Hematology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
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11
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A small-molecule inhibitor of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 acts by stabilizing an inactive receptor tetramer state. Commun Chem 2020; 3:75. [PMID: 36703453 PMCID: PMC9814544 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin family member lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) has been object of intensive research. Its modulation may offer a broad spectrum of therapeutic interventions ranging from cardiovascular diseases to cancer. LOX-1 mediates uptake of oxLDL by vascular cells and plays an important role in the initiation of endothelial dysfunction and its progression to atherosclerosis. So far only a few compounds targeting oxLDL-LOX-1 interaction are reported with a limited level of characterization. Here we describe the identification and characterization of BI-0115, a selective small molecule inhibitor of LOX-1 that blocks cellular uptake of oxLDL. Identified by a high throughput screening campaign, biophysical analysis shows that BI-0115 binding triggers receptor inhibition by formation of dimers of the homodimeric ligand binding domain. The structure of LOX-1 bound to BI-0115 shows that inter-ligand interactions at the receptor interfaces are key to the formation of the receptor tetramer thereby blocking oxLDL binding.
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12
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Chen C, Ke L, Chan H, Chu C, Lee A, Lin K, Lee M, Hsiao P, Chen C, Shin S. Electronegative low-density lipoprotein of patients with metabolic syndrome induces pathogenesis of aorta through disruption of the stimulated by retinoic acid 6 cascade. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:535-544. [PMID: 31597015 PMCID: PMC7232312 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Electronegative low-density lipoprotein (L5) is the most atherogenic fraction of low-density lipoprotein and is elevated in people with metabolic syndrome (MetS), whereas the retinol-binding protein 4 receptor (stimulated by retinoic acid 6 [STRA6]) cascade is disrupted in various organs of patients with obesity-related diseases. Our objective was to investigate whether L5 from MetS patients capably induces pathogenesis of aorta through disrupting the STRA6 cascade. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined the in vivo and in vitro effects of L5 on the STRA6 cascade and aortic atherogenic markers. To investigate the role of this cascade on atherosclerotic formation, crbp1 transfection was carried out in vitro. RESULTS This study shows that L5 activates atherogenic markers (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, pSmad2 and matrix metallopeptidase 9) and simultaneously suppresses STRA6 signals (STRA6, cellular retinol-binding protein 1, lecithin-retinol acyltransferase, retinoic acid receptor-α and retinoid X receptor-α) in aortas of L5-injected mice and L5-treated human aortic endothelial cell lines and human aortic smooth muscle cell lines. These L5-induced changes of the STRA6 cascade and atherogenic markers were reversed in aortas of LOX1-/- mice and in LOX1 ribonucleic acid-silenced human aortic endothelial cell lines and human aortic smooth muscle cell lines. Furthermore, crbp1 gene transfection reversed the disruption of the STRA6 cascade, the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and Smad2, and the elevation of matrix metallopeptidase 9 in L5-treated human aortic endothelial cell lines. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that L5 from MetS patients induces atherogenic markers by disrupting STRA6 signaling. Suppression of STRA6 might be one novel pathogenesis of aorta in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Hung Chen
- School of MedicineCollege of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Divison of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Liang‐Yin Ke
- Lipid Science and Aging Research CenterKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and BiotechnologyCollege of Health SciencesKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Hua‐Chen Chan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and BiotechnologyCollege of Health SciencesKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Sheng Chu
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - An‐Sheng Lee
- Department of MedicineMackay Medical CollegeNew TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kun‐Der Lin
- School of MedicineCollege of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Divison of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Vascular and Medical ResearchTexas Heart InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Mei‐Yueh Lee
- School of MedicineCollege of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Divison of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Pi‐Jung Hsiao
- School of MedicineCollege of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Divison of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chu‐Huang Chen
- Lipid Science and Aging Research CenterKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Vascular and Medical ResearchTexas Heart InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Ta‐Tung Municipal HospitalKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Shyi‐Jang Shin
- School of MedicineCollege of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Divison of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and BiotechnologyCollege of Health SciencesKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
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Xu K, Liu X, Yin D, Ren G, Zhao Y. PP2A alleviates oxidized LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction by regulating LOX-1/ROS/MAPK axis. Life Sci 2020; 243:117270. [PMID: 31923421 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of PP2A on the progression of AS and the special molecular mechanism. MAIN METHODS The expression of PP2A in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by different concentrations of Ox-LDL was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. The binding activity of PP2A and LOX-1 was determined by CoIP assay. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and MCP-1. KEY FINDING The results revealed that the expression of PP2A was decreased with the increase of Ox-LDL concentration in HUVECs. Overexpression of PP2A alleviated Ox-LDL-induced dysfunction and inflammatory response in HUVECs. The results of Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) showed that PP2A had direct effect on LOX-1, and PP2A inhibited the expression of LOX-1. In addition, overexpression of LOX-1 reversed the inhibitory effect of PP2A on Ox-LDL-induced dysfunction and inflammatory response in HUVECs. What is more, PP2A inhibited LOX-1/ROS/MAPK axis. SIGNIFICANCE it suggests that PP2A alleviates Ox-LDL-induced dysfunction and inflammatory response of HUVECs potentially by regulating the LOX-1/ROS/MAPK axis,which suggests that PP2A has anti-inflammatory effect during the formation of as, and the molecular therapy of PP2A provides a theoretical basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union hospital JiLin University, Chang chun, JiLin 130033, China
| | - Xiwen Liu
- Department of vascular surgery, China-Japan Union hospital JiLin University, Chang chun, JiLin 130033, China
| | - Dexin Yin
- Department of vascular surgery, China-Japan Union hospital JiLin University, Chang chun, JiLin 130033, China
| | - Guanghao Ren
- Department of vascular surgery, China-Japan Union hospital JiLin University, Chang chun, JiLin 130033, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of vascular surgery, China-Japan Union hospital JiLin University, Chang chun, JiLin 130033, China.
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14
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Cruz S, Narayanaswami V. Cellular Uptake and Clearance of Oxidatively-modified Apolipoprotein E3 by Cerebral Cortex Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184582. [PMID: 31533203 PMCID: PMC6769588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) plays a critical role in the metabolism of lipoproteins and lowers plasma lipid levels by serving as a ligand for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) family of proteins and by promoting macrophage cholesterol efflux. The current study examines the effect of acrolein (an endogenously generated metabolite and an environmental pollutant) modification on the structure and function of apoE3. Acrolein modification was confirmed in Western blots by reactivity with acrolein–lysine-specific antibody and by the presence of oligomeric species due to cross-linking. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed modification of 10 out of 12 lysines in apoE3, with Nε-(3-methylpyridinium)-lysine being the predominant form of modification, and Lys75 being a ‘hot spot’ in terms of susceptibility to oxidation. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed no major change in overall secondary structure compared to unmodified apoE3. Reconstituted high density lipoprotein (HDL) bearing acrolein modified apoE3 showed loss of binding to soluble LDLr; however, incubation with mouse endothelioma bEnd.3 cells showed that it was internalized. Incubation with excess LDL did not abolish cellular uptake of acrolein modified apoE3, suggesting alternative mechanism(s) not involving LDLr. Incubation with anti-CD36 antibody did not show a decrease in internalization while incubation with anti- lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX1) showed partial internalization. However, incubation with anti-scavenger receptor class B type I (SRB1) antibody abolished internalization of acrolein modified apoE3. Taken together, our studies suggest that acrolein modification of apoE3 at lysine residues leads to increase in net negative charge, and as a consequence, results in clearance by LOX1 and SRB1 on endothelial cells. Overall, oxidative modification of apoE3 likely impairs its role in regulating plasma cholesterol homeostasis, eventually leading to lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobanth Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 1250 Bellflower Blvd., California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
| | - Vasanthy Narayanaswami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 1250 Bellflower Blvd., California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
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15
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Abstract
The reduction of plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) containing lipoproteins has long been pursued as the main modifiable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This has led to an intense search for strategies aiming at reducing plasma apoB-lipoproteins, culminating in reduction of overall CV risk. Despite 3 decades of progress, CVD remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and, as such, new therapeutic targets are still warranted. Clinical and preclinical research has moved forward from the original concept, under which some lipids must be accumulated and other removed to achieve the ideal condition in disease prevention, into the concept that mechanisms that orchestrate lipid movement between lipoproteins, cells and organelles is equally involved in CVD. As such, this review scrutinizes potentially atherogenic changes in lipid trafficking and assesses the molecular mechanisms behind it. New developments in risk assessment and new targets for the mitigation of residual CVD risk are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei C Sposito
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Aterolab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Joaquim Barreto
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Aterolab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilaria Zanotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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16
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Potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of salvianic acid A against atherosclerosis in vivo and vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:945-956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Tian K, Ogura S, Little PJ, Xu SW, Sawamura T. Targeting LOX-1 in atherosclerosis and vasculopathy: current knowledge and future perspectives. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1443:34-53. [PMID: 30381837 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
LOX-1 (lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1; also known as OLR1) is the dominant receptor that recognizes and internalizes oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDLs) in endothelial cells. Several genetic variants of LOX-1 are associated with the risk and severity of coronary artery disease. The LOX-1-ox-LDL interaction induces endothelial dysfunction, leukocyte adhesion, macrophage-derived foam cell formation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and platelet activation. LOX-1 activation eventually leads to the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques and acute cardiovascular events. In addition, LOX-1 can be cleaved to generate soluble LOX-1 (sLOX-1), which is a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for atherosclerosis-related diseases in human patients. Of therapeutic relevance, several natural products and clinically used drugs have emerged as LOX-1 inhibitors that have antiatherosclerotic actions. We hereby provide an updated overview of role of LOX-1 in atherosclerosis and associated vascular diseases, with an aim to highlighting the potential of LOX-1 as a novel theranostic tool for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Tian
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Sayoko Ogura
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suo-Wen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.,Research Center for Next Generation Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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18
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Cerebrovascular Gene Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Neuroscience 2017; 367:219-232. [PMID: 29102661 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, which is one of the leading global causes of death. In the search for new and effective therapeutic targets in stroke research, we need to understand the influence of hypertension in the vasculature following stroke. We used Affymetrix whole-transcriptome expression profiling as a tool to address gene expression differences between the occluded and non-occluded middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), to provide clues about the pathological mechanisms set in play after stroke. Verified by quantitative PCR, expression of Ccl2, Edn1, Tgfβ2, Olr1 and Serpine1 was significantly increased in the occluded compared to non-occluded MCAs from both SHRs and WKY rats. Additionally, expression of Mmp9, Icam1, Hif1α and Timp1 was increased in the occluded compared to non-occluded MCAs isolated from WKY rats. In comparison between occluded MCAs from SHRs versus occluded MCAs from WKY rats, expression of Ccl2, Olr1 and Serpine1 was significantly increased in SHR MCAs. However, the opposite was observed regarding expression of Edn1. Thus these data suggest that Ccl2, Edn1, Tgfβ2, Olr1 and Serpine1 may be possible mediators of the vascular changes in the occluded MCAs from both SHRs and WKY rats after tMCAO. The aforementioned genes possess biological functions that are consistent with early stroke injuries. In conclusion, these genes may be potential targets in future strategies for acute stroke treatments that can be used in patients with and without hypertension.
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19
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Ni J, Li Y, Li W, Guo R. Salidroside protects against foam cell formation and apoptosis, possibly via the MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:198. [PMID: 29017559 PMCID: PMC5635575 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foam cell formation and apoptosis are closely associated with atherosclerosis pathogenesis. We determined the effect of salidroside on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced foam cell formation and apoptosis in THP1 human acute monocytic leukemia cells and investigated the associated molecular mechanisms. Methods THP1-derived macrophages were incubated with salidroside for 5 h and then exposed to ox-LDL for 24 h to induce foam cell formation. Cytotoxicity, lipid deposition, apoptosis, and the expression of various proteins were tested using the CCK8 kit, Oil Red O staining, flow cytometry, and western blotting, respectively. Results Ox-LDL treatment alone promoted macrophage-derived foam cell formation, while salidroside treatment alone inhibited it (p < 0.05). The number of early/late apoptotic cells decreased with salidroside treatment in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Salidroside dramatically upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, but had no effect on heme oxygenase-1 expression; moreover, it markedly downregulated ox-LDL receptor 1 and upregulated ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Salidroside also obviously decreased the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, p38 MAPK, and increased that of Akt. However, the total expression of these proteins was not affected. Conclusion Based on our findings, we speculate that salidroside can suppress ox-LDL-induced THP1-derived foam cell formation and apoptosis, partly by regulating the MAPK and Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yan Chang Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuanmin Li
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yan Chang Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yan Chang Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yan Chang Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Komiyama M, Wada H, Ono K, Yamakage H, Satoh-Asahara N, Shimada S, Akao M, Morimoto T, Shimatsu A, Takahashi Y, Sawamura T, Hasegawa K. Smoking cessation reduces the lectin-like low-density lipoprotein receptor index, an independent cardiovascular risk marker of vascular inflammation. Heart Vessels 2017; 33:9-16. [PMID: 28761986 PMCID: PMC5736764 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-1026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vessel wall inflammation promotes the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1) expressed by vascular cells and monocytes. LOX index is calculated by multiplying LOX-1 ligand containing apolipoprotein B level with the soluble LOX-1. A high LOX index reflects an increased risk for stroke and myocardial infarction. However, the change in LOX index after smoking cessation and the relationship between smoking-related variables and LOX index are unknown. Relation of the clinical parameters to the LOX index was examined on 180 subjects (135 males and 45 females) at the first visit to our outpatient clinic for smoking cessation. The impact of smoking cessation on the LOX index was also determined in the 94 subjects (62 males and 32 females) who successfully stopped smoking. Sex-adjusted regression analysis and multivariate analysis identified three independent determinants of the LOX index, namely, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C; β = 0.311, p < 0.001), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (β = 0.358, p < 0.001), and expired carbon monoxide concentration reflecting smoking heaviness (β = 0.264, p = 0.003). Body mass index (BMI) significantly increased 3 months after the onset of smoking cessation (p < 0.001). However, the LOX index significantly decreased (p < 0.001), regardless of the rate of increase in BMI post-cessation. The LOX index is closely associated with smoking heaviness as well as dyslipidemia and an inflammation marker. Smoking cessation may induce a decrease in this cardiovascular risk marker, independently of weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Komiyama
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wada
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamakage
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shimada
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Masaharu Akao
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Shimatsu
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Yuko Takahashi
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | | | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan.
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Chen Z, Wang M, He Q, Li Z, Zhao Y, Wang W, Ma J, Li Y, Chang G. MicroRNA-98 rescues proliferation and alleviates ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in HUVECs by targeting LOX-1. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1702-1710. [PMID: 28565756 PMCID: PMC5443247 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a major and critical mediator of atherosclerosis, and the underlying mechanism is thought to involve the ox-LDL-induced dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are a group of small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of target genes, have been associated with diverse cellular functions and the pathogenesis of various diseases, including atherosclerosis. miRNA-98 (miR-98) has been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of cellular apoptosis; however, the role of miR-98 in ox-LDL-induced dysfunction of ECs and atherosclerosis has yet to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-98 in ox-LDL-induced dysfunction of ECs and the underlying mechanism. It was demonstrated that miR-98 expression was markedly downregulated in ox-LDL-treated human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and that miR-98 promoted the proliferation and alleviated apoptosis of HUVECs exposed to ox-LDL. In addition, the results demonstrated that lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) was a direct target of miR-98 in HUVECs, as indicated by a luciferase assay. The results of the present study suggested that miR-98 may inhibit the uptake of toxic ox-LDL, maintain HUVEC proliferation and protect HUVECs against apoptosis via the suppression of LOX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Chen
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Mian Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Qiong He
- Division of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zilun Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jieyi Ma
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Guangqi Chang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Takase S, Matoba T, Nakashiro S, Mukai Y, Inoue S, Oi K, Higo T, Katsuki S, Takemoto M, Suematsu N, Eshima K, Miyata K, Yamamoto M, Usui M, Sadamatsu K, Satoh S, Kadokami T, Hironaga K, Ichi I, Todaka K, Kishimoto J, Egashira K, Sunagawa K. Ezetimibe in Combination With Statins Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction in Coronary Arteries After Stenting. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:350-358. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives—
We sought to investigate whether treatment with ezetimibe in combination with statins improves coronary endothelial function in target vessels in coronary artery disease patients after coronary stenting.
Approach and Results—
We conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-end point trial among 11 cardiovascular treatment centers. From 2011 to 2013, 260 coronary artery disease patients who underwent coronary stenting were randomly allocated to 2 arms (statin monotherapy, S versus ezetimibe [10 mg/d]+statin combinational therapy, E+S). We defined target vessel dysfunction as the primary composite outcome, which comprised target vessel failure during treatment and at the 6- to 8-month follow-up coronary angiography and coronary endothelial dysfunction determined via intracoronary acetylcholine testing performed in cases without target vessel failure at the follow-up coronary angiography. Coadministration of ezetimibe with statins further lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (83±23 mg/dL in S versus 67±23 mg/dL in E+S;
P
<0.0001), with significant decreases in oxidized low-density lipoprotein and oxysterol levels. Among patients without target vessel failure, 46 out of 89 patients (52%) in the S arm and 34 out of 96 patients (35%) in the E+S arm were found to have coronary endothelial dysfunction (
P
=0.0256), and the incidence of target vessel dysfunction at follow-up was significantly decreased in the E+S arm (69/112 (62%) in S versus 47/109 (43%) in E+S;
P
=0.0059). A post hoc analysis of post-treatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol–matched subgroups revealed that the incidence of both target vessel dysfunction and coronary endothelial dysfunction significantly decreased in the E+S arm, with significant reductions in oxysterol levels.
Conclusions—
The CuVIC trial (Effect of Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor Usage on Target Vessel Dysfunction after Coronary Stenting) has shown that ezetimibe with statins, compared with statin monotherapy, improves functional prognoses, ameliorating endothelial dysfunction in stented coronary arteries, and was associated with larger decreases in oxysterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Takase
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Tetsuya Matoba
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Soichi Nakashiro
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Yasushi Mukai
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Shujiro Inoue
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Keiji Oi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Taiki Higo
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Shunsuke Katsuki
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Masao Takemoto
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Nobuhiro Suematsu
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Kenichi Eshima
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Kenji Miyata
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Mitsutaka Yamamoto
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Makoto Usui
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Kenji Sadamatsu
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Shinji Satoh
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Toshiaki Kadokami
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Kiyoshi Hironaga
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Ikuyo Ichi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Koji Todaka
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Junji Kishimoto
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Kensuke Egashira
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Kenji Sunagawa
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., T.H., K. Egashira, K. Sunagawa); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.T., T.M., S.N., Y.M., S.I., K.O., T.H., S.K., M.T., K. Sunagawa); Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Japan (N.S.); St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan (K. Eshima); Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.)
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23
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Guo X, Xiang Y, Yang H, Yu L, Peng X, Guo R. Association of the LOX-1 rs1050283 Polymorphism with Risk for Atherosclerotic Cerebral Infarction and its Effect on sLOX-1 and LOX-1 Expression in a Chinese Population. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 24:572-582. [PMID: 27840386 PMCID: PMC5453683 DOI: 10.5551/jat.36327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The interaction between lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1) and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) has been viewed as an important pathogenic factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to explore the association of a functional polymorphism rs1050283 in the 3'-untranslated region of the LOX-1 gene with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (ACI) susceptibility, and we also investigated the effects of the rs1050283 polymorphism on LOX-1 expression and serum levels of sLOX-1 in patients with ACI. METHODS A case-controlled study was performed in 526 patients with ACI and 640 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by DNA sequencing method. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the level of LOX-1 expression. Serum levels of sLOX-1 were quantified using ELISA according to the manufacturer's instruction. RESULTS The results of the present study showed that the frequency of rs1050283 T allele was significantly higher in patients with ACI than in healthy controls. We also found that the rs1050283 polymorphism T allele was associated with increased LOX-1 expression at mRNA and protein levels in patients with ACI. Furthermore, we also observed that among patients with ACI, those with the rs1050283 T allele showed an increased serum level of sLOX-1. CONCLUSION Our research demonstrated that the rs1050283 T allele of LOX-1 is strongly associated with an increased risk for ACI in a Chinese population, which also affects levels of LOX-1 and sLOX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Yuanyuan Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Lijin Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Xiangdong Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Ren Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
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24
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25
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Imbe H, Sano H, Miyawaki M, Fujisawa R, Miyasato M, Nakatsuji F, Haseda F, Tanimoto K, Terasaki J, Maeda-Yamamoto M, Tachibana H, Hanafusa T. “Benifuuki” green tea, containing O -methylated EGCG, reduces serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 ligands containing apolipoprotein B: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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26
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Chen M, Qiu H, Lin X, Nam D, Ogbu-Nwobodo L, Archibald H, Joslin A, Wun T, Sawamura T, Green R. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LOX-1) in sickle cell disease vasculopathy. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 60:44-8. [PMID: 27519944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1) is an endothelial receptor for oxidized LDL. Increased expression of LOX-1 has been demonstrated in atherosclerotic lesions and diabetic vasculopathy. In this study, we investigate the expression of LOX-1 receptor in sickle cell disease (SCD) vasculopathy. Expression of LOX-1 in brain vascular endothelium is markedly increased and LOX-1 gene expression is upregulated in cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells by incubation with SCD erythrocytes. Also, the level of circulating soluble LOX-1 concentration is elevated in the plasma of SCD patients. Increased LOX-1 expression in endothelial cells is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of SCD vasculopathy. Soluble LOX-1 concentration in SCD may provide a novel biomarker for risk stratification of sickle cell vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - David Nam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Lucy Ogbu-Nwobodo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Archibald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Amelia Joslin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ted Wun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA; Division of Hematology Oncology, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ralph Green
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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27
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Chen CH, Ke LY, Chan HC, Lee AS, Lin KD, Chu CS, Lee MY, Hsiao PJ, Hsu C, Chen CH, Shin SJ. Electronegative low density lipoprotein induces renal apoptosis and fibrosis: STRA6 signaling involved. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1435-46. [PMID: 27256691 PMCID: PMC4959859 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m067215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia has been proven to capably develop and aggravate chronic kidney disease. We also report that electronegative LDL (L5) is the most atherogenic LDL. On the other hand, retinoic acid (RA) and RA receptor (RAR) agonist are reported to be beneficial in some kidney diseases. “Stimulated by retinoic acid 6” (STRA6), one retinol-binding protein 4 receptor, was recently identified to regulate retinoid homeostasis. Here, we observed that L5 suppressed STRA6 cascades [STRA6, cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1), RARs, retinoid X receptor α, and retinol, RA], but L5 simultaneously induced apoptosis and fibrosis (TGFβ1, Smad2, collagen 1, hydroxyproline, and trichrome) in kidneys of L5-injected mice and L5-treated renal tubular cells. These L5-induced changes of STRA6 cascades, renal apoptosis, and fibrosis were reversed in kidneys of LOX1−/− mice. LOX1 RNA silencing and inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38MAPK rescued the suppression of STRA6 cascades and apoptosis and fibrosis in L5-treated renal tubular cells. Furthermore, crbp1 gene transfection reversed downregulation of STRA6 cascades, apoptosis, and fibrosis in L5-treated renal tubular cells. For mimicking STRA6 deficiency, efficient silencing of STRA6 RNA was performed and was found to repress STRA6 cascades and caused apoptosis and fibrosis in L1-treated renal tubular cells. In summary, this study reveals that electronegative L5 can cause kidney apoptosis and fibrosis via the suppression of STRA6 cascades, and implicates that STRA6 signaling may be involved in dyslipidemia-mediated kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Chen Chan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - An-Sheng Lee
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Der Lin
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yueh Lee
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Jung Hsiao
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Departments of Internal Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin Hsu
- Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Department of Vascular and Medical Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Shyi-Jang Shin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Departments of Internal Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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28
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Physiology and pathophysiology of oxLDL uptake by vascular wall cells in atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 84:1-7. [PMID: 27256928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease in which endothelial cell dysfunction, macrophage foam cell formation, and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, lead to the loss of vascular homeostasis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) may play a pre-eminent function in atherosclerotic lesion formation, even if their role is still debated. Several types of scavenger receptors (SRs) such as SR-AI/II, SRBI, CD36, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), toll-like receptors (TLRs) and others can promote the internalization of oxLDL. They are expressed on the surface of vascular wall cells (endothelial cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cells) and they mediate the cellular effects of oxLDL. The key influence of both oxLDL and SRs on the atherogenic process has been established in atherosclerosis-prone animals, in which antioxidant treatment and/or silencing of SRs has been shown to reduce atherogenesis. Despite some discrepancies, the indication from cohort studies that there is an association between oxLDL and cardiovascular (CV) events seems to point toward a role for oxLDL in atherosclerotic plaque progress and disruption. Finally, randomized clinical trials using antioxidants have demonstrated benefits only in high-risk patients, suggesting that additional proofs are still needed to better define the involvement of each type of modified LDL in the development of atherosclerosis.
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29
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Luo P, Zhang WF, Qian ZX, Xiao LF, Wang H, Zhu TT, Li F, Hu CP, Zhang Z. MiR-590-5p-meidated LOX-1 upregulation promotes Angiotensin II-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:402-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Yamagata K, Suzuki S, Tagami M. Docosahexaenoic acid prevented tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced endothelial dysfunction and senescence. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 104:11-8. [PMID: 26802937 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) regulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced senescence and dysfunction in endothelial cells (EC). We used RT-PCR to examine the expression of several genes related to senescence and dysfunction in EC. TNF-α-induced p21 protein levels were investigated by Western blot (WB) and fluorescence antibody techniques. TNF-α induced the senescence marker β-galactosidase and the expression of several senescence and endothelial dysfunction-related genes, e.g., CDKN1A, SHC1 and GLB1. DHA attenuated TNF-α-induced senescence-related gene expression and p21 protein expression. DHA attenuated TNF-α-induced gene expression related to dysfunction of EC, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1), lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (OLR1), thromboxane A2 receptor (TXA2R) and p38 MAPK (MAPK14). DHA reversed the TNF-α-mediated reduction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene expression. TNF-α-mediated upregulation of these genes was inhibited by allopurinol and apocynin. These results indicated that DHA regulated the expression of several genes that are associated with senescence and dysfunction of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), Fujisawa, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Suzuki
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Tagami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanraku Hospital, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kakino A, Fujita Y, Nakano A, Horiuchi S, Sawamura T. Developmental Endothelial Locus-1 (Del-1) Inhibits Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Activity by Direct Binding, and Its Overexpression Attenuates Atherogenesis in Mice. Circ J 2016; 80:2541-2549. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-0808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Kakino
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Yoshiko Fujita
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
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Okamura T, Miura K, Sawamura T, Kadota A, Hisamatsu T, Fujiyoshi A, Miyamatsu N, Takashima N, Miyagawa N, Kadowaki T, Ohkubo T, Murakami Y, Nakamura Y, Ueshima H. Serum level of LOX-1 ligand containing ApoB is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness in Japanese community-dwelling men, especially those with hypercholesterolemiaLOX-1 ligand and IMT in Japanese. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:172-80.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Au A, Griffiths LR, Cheng KK, Wee Kooi C, Irene L, Keat Wei L. The Influence of OLR1 and PCSK9 Gene Polymorphisms on Ischemic Stroke: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18224. [PMID: 26666837 PMCID: PMC4678327 DOI: 10.1038/srep18224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Both OLR1 and PCSK9 genes are associated with atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and ischemic stroke. The overall prevalence of PCSK9 rs505151 and OLR1 rs11053646 variants in ischemic stroke were 0.005 and 0.116, respectively. However, to date, association between these polymorphisms and ischemic stroke remains inconclusive. Therefore, this first meta-analysis was carried out to clarify the presumed influence of these polymorphisms on ischemic stroke. All eligible case-control and cohort studies that met the search terms were retrieved in multiple databases. Demographic and genotyping data were extracted from each study, and the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Metafor R 3.2.1. The pooled odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using both fixed- and random-effect models. Seven case-control studies encompassing 1897 cases and 2119 controls were critically evaluated. Pooled results from the genetic models indicated that OLR1 rs11053646 dominant (OR = 1.33, 95% CI:1.11–1.58) and co-dominant models (OR = 1.24, 95% CI:1.02–1.51) were significantly associated with ischemic stroke. For the PCSK9 rs505151 polymorphism, the OR of co-dominant model (OR = 1.36, 95% CI:1.01–1.58) was found to be higher among ischemic stroke patients. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis highlighted that variant allele of OLR1 rs11053646 G > C and PCSK9 rs505151 A > G may contribute to the susceptibility risk of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Au
- Institute of Bioproduct Development and Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Kian-Kai Cheng
- Institute of Bioproduct Development and Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Johor, Malaysia.,Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Cheah Wee Kooi
- Department of Medicine, Taiping Hospital, Jalan Tamingsari, 34000 Taiping, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Looi Irene
- Medical Department and Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Seberang Jaya, Jalan Tun Hussein Onn, 13700 Seberang Jaya, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Loo Keat Wei
- Centre for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.,Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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Jiang Q, Wang D, Han Y, Han Z, Zhong W, Wang C. Modulation of oxidized-LDL receptor-1 (LOX1) contributes to the antiatherosclerosis effect of oleanolic acid. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 69:142-52. [PMID: 26510581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoid. The current work studied the effects and possible mechanisms of OA in atherosclerosis. Quails (Coturnix coturnix) were treated with high fat diet with or without OA. Atherosclerosis was assessed by examining lipid profile, antioxidant status and histology in serum and aorta. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 200μg/mL ox-LDL for 24h, then cell viability was assessed with MTT assay; reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assessed with DCFDA staining. Expression levels of LOX-1, NADPH oxidase subunits, nrf2 and ho-1 were measured with real time PCR and western blotting. Furthermore, LOX-1 was silenced with lentivirus and the expression levels assessment was repeated. OA treatment improved the lipid profile and antioxidant status in quails fed with high fat diet. Histology showed decreased atherosclerosis in OA treated animals. Ox-LDL exposure decreased viability and induced ROS generation in HUVECs, and this progression was alleviated by OA pretreatment. Moreover, elevated expression of LOX-1, NADPH oxidase subunits, nrf2 and ho-1 were observed in ox-LDL exposed HUVECs. OA pretreatment prevented ox-LDL induced increase of LOX-1 and NADPH oxidase subunits expression, while further increased nrf2 and ho-1 expression. Silencing of LOX-1 abolished ox-LDL induced effects in cell viability, ROS generation and gene expression. OA could alleviate high fat diet induced atherosclerosis in quail and ox-LDL induced cytotoxicity in HUVECs; the potential mechanism involves modulation of LOX-1 activity, including inhibition of expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and increase of the expression of nrf2 and ho-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Daoyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yantao Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Weizhen Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
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Liu T, Zhou Y, Wang JY, Su Q, Tang ZL, Liu YC, Li L. Coronary Microembolization Induces Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Swine by Activating the LOX-1-Dependent Mitochondrial Pathway and Caspase-8-Dependent Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 21:209-18. [PMID: 26275408 DOI: 10.1177/1074248415599265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyocyte apoptosis by coronary microembolization (CME) contributes to myocardial dysfunction, in which mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway are activated. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) is a membrane protein involved in apoptosis. The study aimed to explore the role of LOX-1 in the activation of these 2 major apoptotic pathways. METHODS Twenty Bama miniature swine were randomized into 4 groups (n = 5 per group). The groups were Sham, CME, LOX-1 small-interfering RNA (siRNA), and control siRNA. Microspheres were injected into the left anterior descending artery of swine to establish CME model. Twelve hours after operation, cardiac function, serum c-troponin I level, microinfarct, and apoptotic index were examined. The levels of LOX-1, Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c as well as cleaved caspase 9, -8, and -3 were detected. RESULTS Myocardial dysfunction, enhanced serum c-troponin I, microinfarct, and apoptosis were induced following CME. Moreover, CME induced increased expression of LOX-1, Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase 9, -8, and -3 as well as decreased Bcl-2 expression levels. The LOX-1 siRNA reversed these effects by CME except cleaved caspase 8 expression, while the control siRNA had no effect. CONCLUSION Coronary microembolization induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the LOX-1-dependent mitochondrial pathway and caspase 8-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiang-You Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhong-Li Tang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang-Chun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Vascular smooth muscle cell in atherosclerosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:33-50. [PMID: 25677529 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exhibit phenotypic and functional plasticity in order to respond to vascular injury. In case of the vessel damage, VSMCs are able to switch from the quiescent 'contractile' phenotype to the 'proinflammatory' phenotype. This change is accompanied by decrease in expression of smooth muscle (SM)-specific markers responsible for SM contraction and production of proinflammatory mediators that modulate induction of proliferation and chemotaxis. Indeed, activated VSMCs could efficiently proliferate and migrate contributing to the vascular wall repair. However, in chronic inflammation that occurs in atherosclerosis, arterial VSMCs become aberrantly regulated and this leads to increased VSMC dedifferentiation and extracellular matrix formation in plaque areas. Proatherosclerotic switch in VSMC phenotype is a complex and multistep mechanism that may be induced by a variety of proinflammatory stimuli and hemodynamic alterations. Disturbances in hemodynamic forces could initiate the proinflammatory switch in VSMC phenotype even in pre-clinical stages of atherosclerosis. Proinflammatory signals play a crucial role in further dedifferentiation of VSMCs in affected vessels and propagation of pathological vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Chistiakov
- Research Center for Children's Health; Moscow Russia
- The Mount Sinai Community Clinical Oncology Program; Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center; Mount Sinai Medical Center; Miami Beach FL USA
| | - A. N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis; Skolkovo Innovative Center; Moscow Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Department of Biophysics; Biological Faculty; Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Y. V. Bobryshev
- Institute for Atherosclerosis; Skolkovo Innovative Center; Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Medicine; School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Kensington Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Western Sydney; Campbelltown NSW Australia
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Ozkan C, Akturk M, Altinova AE, Cerit ET, Gulbahar O, Yalcin MM, Cakir N, Balos Toruner F. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), soluble lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (sLOX-1) and ankle brachial index in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr J 2015; 62:1091-9. [PMID: 26490048 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular effects of short-term overt hypothyroidism are not well known. We investigated proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), soluble lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (sLOX-1) and the ankle brachial index (ABI) in thyroid cancer patients with short-term overt hypothyroidism due to thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW). Twenty-one patients requiring radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation or scanning and 36 healthy control subjects were enrolled. Patients were evaluated in the subclinical thyrotoxic phase when they were on suppressive levothyroxine therapy and in the overt hypothyroid phase due to THW for four weeks. PCSK9, sLOX-1, lipids and ABI were measured in the patient and control groups. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and Apo B levels were increased in short overt hypothyroidism compared with the control group (p<0.001). PCSK9 levels increased before THW and after THW in the patients compared to control group (p<0.001, p=0.004, respectively). sLOX-1 levels were not different between patients with short term overt hypothyroidism and control group (p=0.27). ABI was found to be significantly decreased in patients with thyroid cancer before and after THW compared to control group (p=0.04, p=0.002 respectively). PCSK9 levels were correlated negatively with ABI (r=-0.38, p=0.004). In conclusion; our study demonstrated that patients with differentiated thyroid cancer both before and after THW which is a short term overt hypothyroid phase, had increased PCSK9 levels and decreased ABI. Short term overt hypothyroidism also leads to increased HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, Apo A and Apo B levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Ozkan
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
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