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Wang F, Chen Z, Zhou Q, Sun Q, Zheng N, Chen Z, Lin J, Li B, Li L. Implications of liquid-liquid phase separation and ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2024; 259:110083. [PMID: 39043267 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal cell demise represents a prevalent occurrence throughout the advancement of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism of triggering the death of neuronal cells remains unclear. Its potential mechanisms include aggregation of soluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) to form insoluble amyloid plaques, abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein and formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuroinflammation, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and metal ion disorders. Among them, ferroptosis is an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation-driven cell death and emerging evidences have demonstrated the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathological process of AD. The sensitivity to ferroptosis is tightly linked to numerous biological processes. Moreover, emerging evidences indicate that LLPS has great impacts on regulating human health and diseases, especially AD. Soluble Aβ can undergo LLPS to form liquid-like droplets, which can lead to the formation of insoluble amyloid plaques. Meanwhile, tau has a high propensity to condensate via the mechanism of LLPS, which can lead to the formation of NFTs. In this review, we summarize the most recent advancements pertaining to LLPS and ferroptosis in AD. Our primary focus is on expounding the influence of Aβ, tau protein, iron ions, and lipid oxidation on the intricate mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and LLPS within the domain of AD pathology. Additionally, we delve into the intricate cross-interactions that occur between LLPS and ferroptosis in the context of AD. Our findings are expected to serve as a theoretical and experimental foundation for clinical research and targeted therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziwen Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiantao Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
| | - Baohong Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
| | - Li Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
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Li J, Feng R, Yang W, Liang P, Qiu T, Zhang J, Sun X, Li Q, Yang G, Yao X. Lysosomal iron accumulation and subsequent lysosomes-mitochondria iron transmission mediate PFOS-induced hepatocyte ferroptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:116890. [PMID: 39146593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is known as a persistent organic pollutant. A significant correlation between PFOS and liver ferroptosis has been unveiled, but the precise mechanism needs to be elucidated. In prior research, we found that PFOS treatment provoked mitochondrial iron overload. In this study, we observed a gradual increase in lysosomal iron in L-O2 cells after exposure to PFOS for 0.5-24 h. In PFOS-exposed L-O2 cells, suppressing autophagy relieved the lysosomal iron overload. Inhibiting transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1), a calcium efflux channel on the lysosomal membrane, led to a further rise in lysosomal iron levels and decreased mitochondrial iron overload during PFOS treatment. Suppressing VDAC1, a subtype of voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDACs) on the outer mitochondrial membrane, had no impact on PFOS-triggered mitochondrial iron overload, whereas restraining VDAC2/3 relieved this condition. Although silencing VDAC2 relieved PFOS-induced mitochondrial iron overload, it had no effect on PFOS-triggered lysosomal iron overload. Silencing VDAC3 alleviated PFOS-mediated mitochondrial iron overload and led to an additional increase in lysosomal iron. Therefore, we regarded VDAC3 as the specific VDACs subtype that mediated the lysosomes-mitochondria iron transfer. Additionally, in the presence of PFOS, an enhanced association between TRPML1 and VDAC3 was found in mice liver tissue and L-O2 cells. Our research unveils a novel regulatory mechanism of autophagy on the iron homeostasis and the effect of TRPML1-VDAC3 interaction on lysosomes-mitochondria iron transfer, giving an explanation of PFOS-induced ferroptosis and shedding some light on the role of classic calcium channels in iron transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixun Li
- Environment and Occupation Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Ruzhen Feng
- Environment and Occupation Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Environment and Occupation Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Peiyao Liang
- Environment and Occupation Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Tianming Qiu
- Environment and Occupation Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Environment and Occupation Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Environment and Occupation Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Nutrition and Food Safety Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Nutrition and Food Safety Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Environment and Occupation Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun South Road, Dalian, China.
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Liu J, Yang K, Zhou L, Deng J, Rong G, Shi L, Zhang X, Ren J, Zhang Y, Cao W. A new strategy for Astragaloside IV in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: Analyzing the regulation of ferroptosis and mitochondrial function of renal tubular epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112794. [PMID: 39137626 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
In China, the Astragalus membranaceus root is used to treat chronic kidney disease. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), the primary bioactive compound, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties; however, its renoprotective mechanism in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the protective effects of AS-IV on DKD revealing the underlying mechanisms. We established an early diabetic rat model by feeding a high-fat diet and administering low-dose streptozotocin. Twelve weeks post-treatment, renal function was evaluated using functional assays, histological analyses, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy. HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose conditions were used to examine the effect of AS-IV on oxidative stress, iron levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation. Network pharmacology, proteomics, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation techniques were employed to elucidate the role of AS-IV in DKD. The results revealed that AS-IV effectively enhanced renal function and mitigated disease pathology, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis markers in DKD rats. In HK-2 cells, AS-IV lowered the levels of lipid peroxides, Fe2+, and glutathione, indicating the repair of ferroptosis-related mitochondrial damage. AS-IV reduced mitochondrial ROS while enhancing mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, indicating its role in combating mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, in silico analyses revealed that AS-IV interacts with HMOX1, FTH1, and TFR1 proteins, supporting its efficacy in alleviating renal injury by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis. AS-IV may play a renoprotective role by regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting. HMOX1/FTH1/TFR1-induced ferroptosis. Accordingly, AS-IV could be developed for the clinical treatment of DKD-related renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Kang Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Linlan Zhou
- Department of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jingwei Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Guoyi Rong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Lipeng Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beibei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400700,China.
| | - Jing Ren
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College,Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Yudi Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing 400016, China; College of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760,China.
| | - Wenfu Cao
- Department of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Wang H, Lin P. Association between sarcopenia and hemoglobin level: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1424227. [PMID: 39118670 PMCID: PMC11306085 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1424227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass and function in elderly individuals. Decreased hemoglobin levels is a marker of anemia. According to reports, there may be an association between anemia and sarcopenia, but research is inconsistent. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to explore the association between sarcopenia and low hemoglobin levels. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Ovid, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang databases until September 2022. The present study included cross-sectional and case-control studies regarding low hemoglobin levels and sarcopenia. The studies were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were meta-analyzed by Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 16.0. We performed the heterogeneity test using the I 2 test. Subgroup analysis was carried out to explore the cause of heterogeneity. Egger test was used to evaluate publication bias. Results Out of 1,550 initial studies, 16 studies were meta-analyzed. Sarcopenia participants had significantly lower levels of hemoglobin than controls (MD = -0.53, 95% CI: -0.68 to -0.37, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis, performed in China population reported lower hemoglobin levels in the sarcopenia population (MD = -0.49, 95% CI: -0.65 to -0.33, p < 0.001). And sarcopenia based on AWGS criteria reported lower hemoglobin levels (MD = -0.49, 95% CI: -0.65 to -0.33, p < 0.001). Among the population from hospitals and communities, patients with sarcopenia have lower hemoglobin levels. Conclusion Our meta-analysis found evidence that sarcopenia is associated with low hemoglobin levels. However, further large-scale prospective studies should be conducted in the future to further confirm our conclusions. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, CDR42024532252.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Zhong G, Wang M, Sun B, Ma F, Yu W, Hu L, Liao J, Tang Z. Mitochondrial miR-12294-5p-Regulated Copper Exposure-Caused Mitochondrial-Dependent Ferroptosis by Targeted Inhibition of CISD1 in Chicken Hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15948-15958. [PMID: 38965774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a common trace element additive in animal and human foods, and excessive intake of Cu has been shown to cause hepatotoxicity, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our previous research found that Cu exposure dramatically upregulated mitochondrial miR-12294-5p expression and confirmed its targeted inhibition of CISD1 expression in chicken hepatocytes. Thus, we aimed to explore the potential role of mitomiR-12294-5p/CISD1 axis in Cu exposure-resulted hepatotoxicity. Here, we observed that Cu exposure resulted in Cu accumulation and pathological injury in chicken livers. Moreover, we found that Cu exposure caused mitochondrial-dependent ferroptosis in chicken hepatocytes, which were prominent on the increased mitochondrial Fe2+ and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, inhibited levels of CISD1, GPX4, DHODH, and IDH2, and also enhanced level of PTGS2. Notably, we identified that inhibition of mitomiR-2954 level effectively mitigated Cu-exposure-resulted mitochondrial Fe2+ accumulation and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and prevented the development of mitochondrial-dependent ferroptosis. However, increasing the mitomiR-12294-5p expression considerably aggravated the influence of Cu on these indicators. Meanwhile, the overexpression of CISD1 effectively alleviated Cu-caused mitochondrial-dependent ferroptosis, while silent CISD1 eliminated the therapeutic role of mitomiR-12294-5p inhibitor. Overall, our findings indicated that mitomiR-12294-5p/CISD1 axis played a critical function in Cu-caused hepatotoxicity in chickens by regulating mitochondrial-dependent ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - MengRan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bingxia Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Feiyang Ma
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Wenlan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Ren S, Wang J, Dong Z, Li J, Ma Y, Yang Y, Zhou T, Qiu T, Jiang L, Li Q, Sun X, Yao X. Perfluorooctane sulfonate induces ferroptosis-dependent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via autophagy-MCU-caused mitochondrial calcium overload and MCU-ACSL4 interaction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116553. [PMID: 38850699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is related with perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), yet the mechanism remains ill-defined. Mounting evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the initiation of NASH. In this study, we used mice and human hepatocytes L-02 to investigate the role of ferroptosis in PFOS-induced NASH and the effect and molecular mechanism of PFOS on liver ferroptosis. We found here that PFOS caused NASH in mice, and lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in the L-02 cells. PFOS induced hepatic ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro, as evidenced by the decrease in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and the increases in cytosolic iron, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and lipid peroxidation. In the PFOS-treated cells, the increases in the inflammatory factors and lipid contents were reversed by ferroptosis inhibitor. PFOS-induced ferroptosis was relieved by autophagy inhibitor. The expression of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) was accelerated by PFOS, leading to subsequent mitochondrial calcium accumulation, and inhibiting autophagy reversed the increase in MCU. Inhibiting mitochondrial calcium reversed the variations in GPX4 and cytosolic iron, without influencing the change in ACSL4, induced by PFOS. MCU interacted with ACSL4 and the siRNA against MCU reversed the changes in ACSL4,GPX4 and cytosolic iron systemically. This study put forward the involvement of hepatic ferroptosis in PFOS-induced NASH and identified MCU as the mediator of the autophagy-dependent ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Ren
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Zhanchen Dong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jixun Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Tian Zhou
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Tianming Qiu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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Lamačová LJ, Trnka J. Chelating mitochondrial iron and copper: Recipes, pitfalls and promise. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101903. [PMID: 38777220 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Iron and copper chelation therapy plays a crucial role in treating conditions associated with metal overload, such as hemochromatosis or Wilson's disease. However, conventional chelators face challenges in reaching the core of iron and copper metabolism - the mitochondria. Mitochondria-targeted chelators can specifically target and remove metal ions from mitochondria, showing promise in treating diseases linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Additionally, they serve as specific mitochondrial metal sensors. However, designing these new molecules presents its own set of challenges. Depending on the chelator's intended use to prevent or to promote redox cycling of the metals, the chelating moiety must possess different donor atoms and an optimal value of the electrode potential of the chelator-metal complex. Various targeting moieties can be employed for selective delivery into the mitochondria. This review also provides an overview of the current progress in the design of mitochondria-targeted chelators and their biological activity investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie J Lamačová
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trnka
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Praha, Czech Republic.
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Song K, Liu X, Xu H, Li M, Zheng Q, Qi C, Wang X, Liu Y, Zheng P, Liu J. Cr(VI) induces ferroptosis in DF-1 cells by simultaneously perturbing iron homeostasis of ferritinophagy and mitophagy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171818. [PMID: 38508245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is an environmental pollutant known for its strong oxidizing and carcinogenic effects. However, its potential to induce ferroptosis in poultry remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the induction of ferroptosis by Cr(VI) in DF-1 cells and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. DF-1 cells exposed to Cr(VI) showed increased lipid reactive oxygen species and changes in ferroptosis marker genes (decreased expression of GPX4 and increased expression of COX2). Notably, the addition of the ferroptosis-specific inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) can reverse this effect. During the cell death process, Cr(VI) induced ferritinophagy, disrupting iron homeostasis and releasing labile iron ions. We predicted by docking that these iron ions would bind to mitochondrial membrane proteins through virtual docking. This binding was validated through colocalization analysis. In addition, Cr(VI) caused mitophagy, which releases additional ferrous ions. Therefore, Cr(VI) can induce the simultaneous release of ferrous ions through these pathways, thereby exacerbating lipid peroxidation and ultimately triggering ferroptosis in DF-1 cells. This study demonstrates that Cr(VI) can induce ferroptosis in DF-1 cells by disrupting intracellular iron homeostasis and providing valuable insights into the toxic effects of Cr(VI) in poultry and potentially other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Huiling Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Muzi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Changxi Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaozhou Wang
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Pimiao Zheng
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Huang J, Yan Z, Song Y, Chen T. Nanodrug Delivery Systems for Myasthenia Gravis: Advances and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:651. [PMID: 38794313 PMCID: PMC11125447 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare chronic autoimmune disease caused by the production of autoantibodies against the postsynaptic membrane receptors present at the neuromuscular junction. This condition is characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness, including diplopia, ptosis, and systemic impairment. Emerging evidence suggests that in addition to immune dysregulation, the pathogenesis of MG may involve mitochondrial damage and ferroptosis. Mitochondria are the primary site of energy production, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated due to mitochondrial dysfunction can induce ferroptosis. Nanomedicines have been extensively employed to treat various disorders due to their modifiability and good biocompatibility, but their application in MG management has been rather limited. Nevertheless, nanodrug delivery systems that carry immunomodulatory agents, anti-oxidants, or ferroptosis inhibitors could be effective for the treatment of MG. Therefore, this review focuses on various nanoplatforms aimed at attenuating immune dysregulation, restoring mitochondrial function, and inhibiting ferroptosis that could potentially serve as promising agents for targeted MG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yafang Song
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (J.H.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Tongkai Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (J.H.); (Z.Y.)
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Zhen C, Zhang G, Wang S, Wang J, Fang Y, Shang P. Electromagnetic fields regulate iron metabolism in living organisms: A review of effects and mechanism. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 188:43-54. [PMID: 38447710 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The emergence, evolution, and spread of life on Earth have all occurred in the geomagnetic field, and its extensive biological effects on living organisms have been documented. The charged characteristics of metal ions in biological fluids determine that they are affected by electromagnetic field forces, thus affecting life activities. Iron metabolism, as one of the important metal metabolic pathways, keeps iron absorption and excretion in a relatively balanced state, and this process is precisely and completely controlled. It is worth paying attention to how the iron metabolism process of living organisms is changed when exposed to electromagnetic fields. In this paper, the processes of iron absorption, storage and excretion in animals (mammals, fish, arthropods), plants and microorganisms exposed to electromagnetic field were summarized in detail as far as possible, in order to discover the regulation of iron metabolism by electromagnetic field. Studies and data on the effects of electromagnetic field exposure on iron metabolism in organisms show that exposure profiles vary widely across species and cell lines. This process involves a variety of factors, and the complexity of the results is not only related to the magnetic flux density/operating frequency/exposure time and the heterogeneity of the observed object. A systematic review of the biological regulation of iron metabolism by electromagnetic field exposure will not only contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of its biological effects and mechanism, but also is necessary to improve human awareness of the health related risks of electromagnetic field exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Zhen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Gejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yanwen Fang
- Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd, Huzhou, 313300, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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11
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LeVine SM. Exploring Potential Mechanisms Accounting for Iron Accumulation in the Central Nervous System of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:689. [PMID: 38667304 PMCID: PMC11049304 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of iron occur in both cortical and subcortical regions of the CNS in patients with Alzheimer's disease. This accumulation is present early in the disease process as well as in more advanced stages. The factors potentially accounting for this increase are numerous, including: (1) Cells increase their uptake of iron and reduce their export of iron, as iron becomes sequestered (trapped within the lysosome, bound to amyloid β or tau, etc.); (2) metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupt cellular iron homeostasis; (3) inflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, or other pathological disturbances (loss of neuronal interconnections, soluble amyloid β, etc.) trigger cells to acquire iron; and (4) following neurodegeneration, iron becomes trapped within microglia. Some of these mechanisms are also present in other neurological disorders and can also begin early in the disease course, indicating that iron accumulation is a relatively common event in neurological conditions. In response to pathogenic processes, the directed cellular efforts that contribute to iron buildup reflect the importance of correcting a functional iron deficiency to support essential biochemical processes. In other words, cells prioritize correcting an insufficiency of available iron while tolerating deposited iron. An analysis of the mechanisms accounting for iron accumulation in Alzheimer's disease, and in other relevant neurological conditions, is put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M LeVine
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Mail Stop 3043, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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12
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Hu N, Liu J, Gao X, Tang H, Wang J, Wei Z, Wang Z, Yu X, Chen X. The association between hemoglobin level and sarcopenia in Chinese patients with Crohn's disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:95. [PMID: 38438954 PMCID: PMC10910814 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and anemia are common complications in patients with Crohn's Disease (CD). However, few studies have shown the association between sarcopenia and hemoglobin levels in CD patients. This retrospective study aimed to explore such association in Chinese patients with CD. Two hundred and twelve adult CD inpatients who underwent computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations from July 2019 to December 2021 were included in the study. Sarcopenia was defined according to the cutoff value of skeletal muscle index of lumbar spine 3 (SMI-L3) (< 44.77cm2/m2 for males and < 32.5cm2/m2 for females). The CD patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of sarcopenia. Clinical data, hemoglobin levels, and other laboratory data were retrospectively collected. The association between hemoglobin levels and sarcopenia was analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Sarcopenia occurred in 114 CD patients (53.8%). Compared to patients without sarcopenia, patients with sarcopenia had a lower proportion of L1 (30.7% vs. 45.8%, p = 0.032) and B1 classification (58.8% vs. 72.4%, p = 0.037). Patients with sarcopenia had significantly lower levels of hemoglobin (Hb) (116.5 ± 22.8 vs. 128.1 ± 21.0, p < 0.001). The prevalence of sarcopenia increased with the decrease in hemoglobin level (p for trend < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that hemoglobin levels were associated with SMI-L3 (β = 0.091, p = 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that higher hemoglobin levels (OR:0.944; 95% CI: 0.947,0.998; p = 0.036) were independent protective factors for sarcopenia. Lower hemoglobin levels are independently associated factors of sarcopenia in adult Chinese patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandong Hu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong road, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, Funan County People's Hospital, 36 santa road, 236300, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Xifa Gao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongye Tang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangchuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Zicheng Wei
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Xiang Q, Yi X, Zhu XH, Wei X, Jiang DS. Regulated cell death in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:219-234. [PMID: 37981501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury most commonly occurs in coronary artery disease when prompt reperfusion is used to salvage the ischemic myocardium. Cardiomyocyte death is a significant component of myocardial I/R injury and its mechanism was previously thought to be limited to apoptosis and necrosis. With the discovery of novel types of cell death, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis have been shown to be involved in myocardial I/R. These new forms of regulated cell death cause cardiomyocyte loss and exacerbate I/R injury by affecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, calcium stress, and inflammatory cascades, subsequently mediating adverse remodeling, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. Herein, we review the roles of ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in myocardial I/R and discuss their contribution to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xue-Hai Zhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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14
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Jiang P, Zhou L, Zhao L, Fei X, Wang Z, Liu T, Tang Y, Li D, Gong H, Luo Y, Li S, Yang H, Liao H, Fan X. Puerarin attenuates valproate-induced features of ASD in male mice via regulating Slc7a11-dependent ferroptosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:497-507. [PMID: 37491673 PMCID: PMC10789763 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated, neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits and stereotyped behaviors. Accumulating evidence suggests that ferroptosis is involved in the development of ASD, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Puerarin has an anti-ferroptosis function. Here, we found that the administration of puerarin from P12 to P15 ameliorated the autism-associated behaviors in the VPA-exposed male mouse model of autism by inhibiting ferroptosis in neural stem cells of the hippocampus. We highlight the role of ferroptosis in the hippocampus neurogenesis and confirm that puerarin treatment inhibited iron overload, lipid peroxidation accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as enhanced the expression of ferroptosis inhibitory proteins, including Nrf2, GPX4, Slc7a11, and FTH1 in the hippocampus of VPA mouse model of autism. In addition, we confirmed that inhibition of xCT/Slc7a11-mediated ferroptosis occurring in the hippocampus is closely related to puerarin-exerted therapeutic effects. In conclusion, our study suggests that puerarin targets core symptoms and hippocampal neurogenesis reduction through ferroptosis inhibition, which might be a potential drug for autism intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Jiang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianyu Zhou
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyang Zhao
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinghang Fei
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyao Liu
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yexi Tang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Dabing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Gong
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Li
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiling Liao
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Duvivier L, Gerard L, Diaz A, Gillet JP. Linking ABC transporters to the hallmarks of cancer. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:124-134. [PMID: 37884430 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are ubiquitously expressed and transport a broad range of endogenous and xenobiotic substrates across extra- and intracellular membranes. Mutations in ABC genes cause 21 monogenic diseases, and polymorphisms in these genes are associated with susceptibility to complex diseases. ABC transporters also play a major role in drug bioavailability, and they mediate multidrug resistance in cancer. At least 13 ABC transporters were shown to be involved in drug resistance in vitro. In the past decade, efforts have been made to elucidate their roles in tumor biology. Herein, we explore their involvement in tumorigenesis, focusing on the hallmarks of cells as they make their way from normalcy to neoplastic growth states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Duvivier
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Louise Gerard
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Adriana Diaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Gillet
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
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16
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Yin J, Xu L, Yang H, Qi W, Ren X, Zheng X, Shao X, Cheng T, Lin W. Construction of a Label-Detection Integrated Visual Probe to Reveal the Double-Edged Sword Principle of Ferroptosis in Liver Injury. Anal Chem 2024; 96:355-363. [PMID: 38113399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis has been confirmed as a potential mediator and an indicator of the severity of liver injury. Despite the fruitful results, there are still two deficiencies in the research on the association between ferroptosis and liver injury. First, iron ions are usually selected as the target bioanalyte, but its detection based on a fluorescent probe is interfered with by specific chemical reaction mechanisms, leading to low sensitivity and poor physiological stability. Second, more efforts were focused on the harmful effects of ferroptosis on liver injury and less involved in the therapeutic value of ferroptosis for liver injury. Hence, in this work, we proposed a new nonreactive analyte (mitochondrial viscosity) as an analysis marker, which can circumvent the challenges caused by specific reaction mechanisms of iron ions. Meanwhile, we constructed a novel label-detection integrated visual probe (VPF) to explore the feasibility of ferroptosis in the treatment of liver injury. As expected, we not only successfully traced the dynamic changes in mitochondrial viscosity but also visualized the changes in cell morphology during induced and inhibited ferroptosis. Conspicuously, this work revealed that liver injury can be alleviated by regulating ferroptosis, confirming the therapeutic value of ferroptosis in liver injury. In addition, a complex biological communication network between ferroptosis and liver injury was constructed by western blotting, providing an important theoretical mechanism for revealing their double-edged sword relationship. This study not only provides a new strategy for studying the complex relationship between ferroptosis and liver injury but also facilitates the future treatment of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yin
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital. Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huihui Yang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Wenna Qi
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xusheng Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital. Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Shao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Cheng
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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17
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Cantrell AC, Zeng H, Chen JX. The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Ferroptosis in the Treatment of Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:23-32. [PMID: 37816193 PMCID: PMC10843296 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ferroptosis is a form of iron-regulated cell death implicated in a wide array of diseases, including heart failure, hypertension, and numerous cardiomyopathies. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with several of these same disease states. However, the role of the mitochondrion in ferroptotic cell death remains debated. As a major regulator of cellular iron levels, the mitochondria may very well play a crucial role in the mechanisms behind ferroptosis, but at this point, this has not been adequately defined. Emerging evidence from our laboratory and others indicates a critical role of mitochondrial Sirtuin 3, a deacetylase linked with longevity and protection against numerous conditions, in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we provide a brief overview of the potential roles of Sirtuin 3 in mitochondrial iron homeostasis and its contribution to the mitochondrial cardiomyopathy of Friedreich's ataxia and diabetic cardiomyopathy. We also discuss the current knowledge of the involvement of ferroptosis and the mitochondria in these and other cardiovascular disease states, including doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, and provide insight into areas requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey C Cantrell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, Jackson, MS
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18
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Fu C, Cao N, Zeng S, Zhu W, Fu X, Liu W, Fan S. Role of mitochondria in the regulation of ferroptosis and disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1301822. [PMID: 38155662 PMCID: PMC10753798 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1301822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a distinctive form of iron-dependent cell death characterized by significant ultrastructural changes in mitochondria. Given the crucial involvement of mitochondria in various cellular processes such as reactive oxygen species production, energy metabolism, redox status, and iron metabolism, mounting evidence suggests a vital role of mitochondria in the regulation and execution of ferroptosis. Furthermore, there exists a strong correlation between ferroptosis and various diseases. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanisms underlying the induction and defense of ferroptosis, emphasizing the influence of mitochondria on this intricate process. Additionally, we provide an overview of the role of ferroptosis in disease, particularly cancer, and elucidate the mechanisms by which drugs targeting mitochondria impact ferroptosis. By presenting a theoretical foundation and reference point, this review aims to contribute to both basic cell biology research and the investigation of clinically relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Park SC, Lee YS, Cho KA, Kim SY, Lee YI, Lee SR, Lim IK. What matters in aging is signaling for responsiveness. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 252:108560. [PMID: 37952903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological responsiveness refers to the capacity of living organisms to adapt to changes in both their internal and external environments through physiological and behavioral mechanisms. One of the prominent aspects of aging is the decline in this responsiveness, which can lead to a deterioration in the processes required for maintenance, survival, and growth. The vital link between physiological responsiveness and the essential life processes lies within the signaling systems. To devise effective strategies for controlling the aging process, a comprehensive reevaluation of this connecting loop is imperative. This review aims to explore the impact of aging on signaling systems responsible for responsiveness and introduce a novel perspective on intervening in the aging process by restoring the compromised responsiveness. These innovative mechanistic approaches for modulating altered responsiveness hold the potential to illuminate the development of action plans aimed at controlling the aging process and treating age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Engineering Major, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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20
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Zhang H, Sun C, Sun Q, Li Y, Zhou C, Sun C. Susceptibility of acute myeloid leukemia cells to ferroptosis and evasion strategies. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1275774. [PMID: 37818101 PMCID: PMC10561097 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1275774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of less than 30%. Continuous updating of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies has not been effective in improving the clinical benefit of AML. AML cells are prone to iron metabolism imbalance due to their unique pathological characteristics, and ferroptosis is a novel cell death mode that is dominated by three cellular biological processes: iron metabolism, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. An in-depth exploration of the unique ferroptosis mechanism in AML can provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. This study summarizes recent studies on ferroptosis in AML cells and suggests that the metabolic characteristics, gene mutation patterns, and dependence on mitochondria of AML cells greatly increase their susceptibility to ferroptosis. In addition, this study suggests that AML cells can establish a variety of strategies to evade ferroptosis to maintain their survival during the process of occurrence and development, and summarizes the related drugs targeting ferroptosis pathway in AML treatment, which provides development directions for the subsequent mechanism research and clinical treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyun Zhang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunjie Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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21
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Kontoghiorghes GJ. Iron Load Toxicity in Medicine: From Molecular and Cellular Aspects to Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12928. [PMID: 37629109 PMCID: PMC10454416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for all organisms and cells. Diseases of iron imbalance affect billions of patients, including those with iron overload and other forms of iron toxicity. Excess iron load is an adverse prognostic factor for all diseases and can cause serious organ damage and fatalities following chronic red blood cell transfusions in patients of many conditions, including hemoglobinopathies, myelodyspasia, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Similar toxicity of excess body iron load but at a slower rate of disease progression is found in idiopathic haemochromatosis patients. Excess iron deposition in different regions of the brain with suspected toxicity has been identified by MRI T2* and similar methods in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Based on its role as the major biological catalyst of free radical reactions and the Fenton reaction, iron has also been implicated in all diseases associated with free radical pathology and tissue damage. Furthermore, the recent discovery of ferroptosis, which is a cell death program based on free radical generation by iron and cell membrane lipid oxidation, sparked thousands of investigations and the association of iron with cardiac, kidney, liver, and many other diseases, including cancer and infections. The toxicity implications of iron in a labile, non-protein bound form and its complexes with dietary molecules such as vitamin C and drugs such as doxorubicin and other xenobiotic molecules in relation to carcinogenesis and other forms of toxicity are also discussed. In each case and form of iron toxicity, the mechanistic insights, diagnostic criteria, and molecular interactions are essential for the design of new and effective therapeutic interventions and of future targeted therapeutic strategies. In particular, this approach has been successful for the treatment of most iron loading conditions and especially for the transition of thalassemia from a fatal to a chronic disease due to new therapeutic protocols resulting in the complete elimination of iron overload and of iron toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3, Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus
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22
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Laukaitiene J, Gujyte G, Kadusevicius E. Cardiomyocyte Damage: Ferroptosis Relation to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Future Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12846. [PMID: 37629039 PMCID: PMC10454599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
About half a century ago, Eugene Braunwald, a father of modern cardiology, shared a revolutionary belief that "time is muscle", which predetermined never-ending effort to preserve the unaffected myocardium. In connection to that, researchers are constantly trying to better comprehend the ongoing changes of the ischemic myocardium. As the latest studies show, metabolic changes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are inconsistent and depend on many constituents, which leads to many limitations and lack of unification. Nevertheless, one of the promising novel mechanistic approaches related to iron metabolism now plays an invaluable role in the ischemic heart research field. The heart, because of its high levels of oxygen consumption, is one of the most susceptible organs to iron-induced damage. In the past few years, a relatively new form of programmed cell death, called ferroptosis, has been gaining much attention in the context of myocardial infarction. This review will try to summarize the main novel metabolic pathways and show the pivotal limitations of the affected myocardium metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Laukaitiene
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 9 A. Mickeviciaus Street, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Cardiology Clinic, University Hospital, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Str. 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Greta Gujyte
- Cardiology Clinic, University Hospital, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Str. 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Edmundas Kadusevicius
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 9 A. Mickeviciaus Street, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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23
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Prasad Panda S, Kesharwani A. Micronutrients/miRs/ATP networking in mitochondria: Clinical intervention with ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and calcium burden. Mitochondrion 2023; 71:1-16. [PMID: 37172668 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) requires mainly coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), copper (Cu2+), calcium (Ca2+), and iron (Fe2+) ions for efficient ATP production. According to cross-sectional research, up to 50% of patients with micronutrient imbalances have been linked to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced ATP production, and the prognosis of various diseases. The condition of ferroptosis, which is caused by the downregulation of CoQ10 and the activation of non-coding micro RNAs (miRs), is strongly linked to free radical accumulation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The entry of micronutrients into the mitochondrial matrix depends upon the higher threshold level of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and high cytosolic micronutrients. The elevated micronutrient in the mitochondrial matrix causes the utilization of all ATP, leading to a drop in ATP levels. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) play a major role in Ca2+ influx in the mitochondrial matrix. The mitochondrial Ca2+ overload is regulated by specific miRs such as miR1, miR7, miR25, miR145, miR138, and miR214, thereby reducing apoptosis and improving ATP production. Cuproptosis is primarily brought on by increased Cu+ build-up and mitochondrial proteotoxic stress, mediated by ferredoxin-1 (FDX1) and long non-coding RNAs. Cu importers (SLC31A1) and exporters (ATP7B) influence intracellular Cu2+ levels to control cuproptosis. According to literature reviews, very few randomized micronutrient interventions have been carried out, despite the identification of a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies. In this review, we concentrated on essential micronutrients and specific miRs associated with ATP production that balance oxidative stress in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Adarsh Kesharwani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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24
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Wren G, Baker E, Underwood J, Humby T, Thompson A, Kirov G, Escott-Price V, Davies W. Characterising heart rhythm abnormalities associated with Xp22.31 deletion. J Med Genet 2023; 60:636-643. [PMID: 36379544 PMCID: PMC10359567 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic deletions at Xp22.31 are associated with the skin condition X linked ichthyosis (XLI), and with a substantially increased risk of atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), in males. AF is associated with elevated thrombosis, heart failure, stroke and dementia risk. METHODS Through: (a) examining deletion carriers with a diagnosis of AF in UK Biobank, (b) undertaking an online survey regarding abnormal heart rhythms (AHRs) in men/boys with XLI and female carriers of XLI-associated deletions and (c) screening for association between common genetic variants within Xp22.31 and idiopathic AF-related conditions in UK Biobank, we have investigated how AHRs manifest in deletion carriers, and have identified associated risk factors/comorbidities and candidate gene(s). Finally, we examined attitudes towards heart screening in deletion carriers. RESULTS We show that AHRs may affect up to 35% of deletion carriers (compared with <20% of age-matched non-carriers), show no consistent pattern of onset but may be precipitated by stress, and typically resolve quickly and respond well to intervention. Gastrointestinal (GI) conditions and asthma/anaemia were the most strongly associated comorbidities in male and female deletion carriers with AHR, respectively. Genetic analysis indicated significant enrichment of common AF risk variants around STS (7 065 298-7 272 682 bp in GRCh37/hg19 genome build) in males, and of common GI disorder and asthma/anaemia risk variants around PNPLA4 (7 866 804-7 895 780 bp) in males and females, respectively. Deletion carriers were overwhelmingly in favour of cardiac screening implementation. CONCLUSION Our data suggest AHRs are frequently associated with Xp22.31 deletion, and highlight subgroups of deletion carriers that may be prioritised for screening. Examining cardiac function further in deletion carriers, and in model systems lacking steroid sulfatase, may clarify AF pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Wren
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emily Baker
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jack Underwood
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Trevor Humby
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew Thompson
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - George Kirov
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - William Davies
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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25
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Ray S, Gaudet R. Structures and coordination chemistry of transporters involved in manganese and iron homeostasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:897-923. [PMID: 37283482 PMCID: PMC10330786 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A repertoire of transporters plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of biologically essential transition metals, manganese, and iron, thus ensuring cell viability. Elucidating the structure and function of many of these transporters has provided substantial understanding into how these proteins help maintain the optimal cellular concentrations of these metals. In particular, recent high-resolution structures of several transporters bound to different metals enable an examination of how the coordination chemistry of metal ion-protein complexes can help us understand metal selectivity and specificity. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive list of both specific and broad-based transporters that contribute to cellular homeostasis of manganese (Mn2+) and iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+) in bacteria, plants, fungi, and animals. Furthermore, we explore the metal-binding sites of the available high-resolution metal-bound transporter structures (Nramps, ABC transporters, P-type ATPase) and provide a detailed analysis of their coordination spheres (ligands, bond lengths, bond angles, and overall geometry and coordination number). Combining this information with the measured binding affinity of the transporters towards different metals sheds light into the molecular basis of substrate selectivity and transport. Moreover, comparison of the transporters with some metal scavenging and storage proteins, which bind metal with high affinity, reveal how the coordination geometry and affinity trends reflect the biological role of individual proteins involved in the homeostasis of these essential transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamayeeta Ray
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
| | - Rachelle Gaudet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
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26
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Guo S, Dong Y, Cheng X, Chen Z, Ni Y, Zhao R, Ma W. Chronic Psychological Stress Disrupts Iron Metabolism and Enhances Hepatic Mitochondrial Function in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1761-1771. [PMID: 35590120 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To explore the changes in iron metabolism and mitochondrial function exposed to chronic psychological stress, seventy-five male mice aged 5 ~ 6 weeks were randomly sorted into 2 groups: control group and chronic psychological stress group. Mice were conducted by communication box to induce psychological stress for 21 consecutive days. The results showed that chronic psychological stress led to a significant reduction in average daily gain (P < 0.01) and the final weight (P < 0.05). Chronic psychological stress greatly increased plasma and duodenal iron level (P < 0.05), whereas markedly decreased hepatic iron content in mice (P < 0.05). Increasing expression of duodenal DCYTB and FPN (P < 0.05) was observed in mice exposed to chronic psychological stress. Moreover, chronic psychological stress greatly enhanced hepatic TFR1, FTL, and FPN protein expression (P < 0.05) in mice. Additionally, chronic psychological stress enhanced the levels of hepatic NADH, NAD + , ATP, mtDNA content, mtDNA-encoded genes, and the activity of mitochondrial complex I and II (P < 0.05). Taken together, chronic psychological stress impairs growth, disrupts iron metabolism, and enhances hepatic mitochondrial function in mice. These results will provide new insights for understanding the mechanisms of iron metabolism and mitochondrial function during chronic psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, NO.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, NO.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, NO.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, NO.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, NO.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, NO.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, NO.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Cilibrizzi A, Pourzand C, Abbate V, Reelfs O, Versari L, Floresta G, Hider R. The synthesis and properties of mitochondrial targeted iron chelators. Biometals 2023; 36:321-337. [PMID: 35366134 PMCID: PMC10082125 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Iron levels in mitochondria are critically important for the normal functioning of the organelle. Abnormal levels of iron and the associated formation of toxic oxygen radicals have been linked to a wide range of diseases and consequently it is important to be able to both monitor and control levels of the mitochondrial labile iron pool. To this end a series of iron chelators which are targeted to mitochondria have been designed. This overview describes the synthesis of some of these molecules and their application in monitoring mitochondrial labile iron pools and in selectively removing excess iron from mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Olivier Reelfs
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Laura Versari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.
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28
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Scaramellini N, Fischer D, Agarvas AR, Motta I, Muckenthaler MU, Mertens C. Interpreting Iron Homeostasis in Congenital and Acquired Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030329. [PMID: 36986429 PMCID: PMC10054723 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells require iron to satisfy their metabolic needs and to accomplish specialized functions, such as hematopoiesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism, or oxygen transport. Iron homeostasis is balanced by the interplay of proteins responsible for iron import, storage, and export. A misbalance of iron homeostasis may cause either iron deficiencies or iron overload diseases. The clinical work-up of iron dysregulation is highly important, as severe symptoms and pathologies may arise. Treating iron overload or iron deficiency is important to avoid cellular damage and severe symptoms and improve patient outcomes. The impressive progress made in the past years in understanding mechanisms that maintain iron homeostasis has already changed clinical practice for treating iron-related diseases and is expected to improve patient management even further in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Scaramellini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Dania Fischer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anand R. Agarvas
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Immunology, and Hematology, University of Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irene Motta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina U. Muckenthaler
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Immunology, and Hematology, University of Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Side, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Immunology, and Hematology, University of Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221564582; Fax: +49-6221564580
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29
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Fouché B, Turner S, Gorham R, Stephenson EJ, Gutbier S, Elson JL, García-Beltrán O, Van Der Westhuizen FH, Pienaar IS. A Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Iron Chelator Neuroprotects Multimodally via HIF-1 Modulation Against a Mitochondrial Toxin in a Dopaminergic Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:749-767. [PMID: 36357615 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds belonging to the benzopyrones family, possessing wide-ranging pharmaceutical applications including cytoprotection, which may translate into therapeutic potential for multiple diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we demonstrate the neuroprotective potential of a new polyhydroxyl coumarin, N-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)-2-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetamide (CT51), against the mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). MPP+'s mechanism of toxicity relates to its ability to inhibit complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (METC), leading to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptotic cell death, hence mimicking PD-related neuropathology. Dopaminergic differentiated human neuroblastoma cells were briefly pretreated with CT51, followed by toxin exposure. CT51 significantly restored somatic cell viability and neurite processes; hence, the drug targets cell bodies and axons thereby preserving neural function and circuitry against PD-related damage. Moreover, MPP+ emulates the iron dyshomeostasis affecting dopaminergic neurons in PD-affected brains, whilst CT51 was previously revealed as an effective iron chelator that preferentially partitions to mitochondria. We extend these findings by characterising the drug's interactive effects at the METC level. CT51 did not improve mitochondrial coupling efficiency. However, voltammetric measurements and high-resolution respirometry analysis revealed that CT51 acts as an antioxidant agent. Also, the neuronal protection afforded by CT51 associated with downregulating MPP+-induced upregulated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), a protein which regulates iron homeostasis and protects against certain forms of oxidative stress after translocating to mitochondria. Our findings support the further development of CT51 as a dual functioning iron chelator and antioxidant antiparkinsonian agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Fouché
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Stephanie Turner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Rebecca Gorham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Simon Gutbier
- Unit for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated By the Doeren Kamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joanna L Elson
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,The Welcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Centro Integrativo de Biología Y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Ibagué, Colombia
| | | | - Ilse S Pienaar
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. .,Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B12 2TT, UK.
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30
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Ferroptosis: mechanisms and advances in ocular diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-022-04644-5. [PMID: 36617346 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As an essential trace element in the body, iron is critical for the maintenance of organismal metabolism. Excessive iron facilitates reactive oxygen species generation and inflicts damage on cells and tissues. Ferroptosis, a newly identified iron-dependent type of programmed cell death, has been implicated in a broad set of metabolic disorders. Ferroptosis is mainly characterized by excess iron accumulation, elevated lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species, and reduced levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4. The vast emerging literature on ferroptosis has shown that numerous diseases, such as cancers, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases, are associated with ferroptosis. Meanwhile, recent studies have confirmed the relationship between ferroptosis and eye diseases including keratopathy, cataract, glaucoma, retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, and retinoblastoma, indicating the critical role of ferroptosis in ocular diseases. In this article, we introduce the primary signaling pathways of ferroptosis and review current advances in research on ocular diseases involving iron overload and ferroptosis. Furthermore, several unanswered questions in the area are raised. Addressing these unanswered questions promises to provide new insights into preventing, controlling, and treating not only ocular diseases but also a variety of other diseases in the near future.
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31
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Duan G, Li J, Duan Y, Zheng C, Guo Q, Li F, Zheng J, Yu J, Zhang P, Wan M, Long C. Mitochondrial Iron Metabolism: The Crucial Actors in Diseases. Molecules 2022; 28:29. [PMID: 36615225 PMCID: PMC9822237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a trace element necessary for cell growth, development, and cellular homeostasis, but insufficient or excessive level of iron is toxic. Intracellularly, sufficient amounts of iron are required for mitochondria (the center of iron utilization) to maintain their normal physiologic function. Iron deficiency impairs mitochondrial metabolism and respiratory activity, while mitochondrial iron overload promotes ROS production during mitochondrial electron transport, thus promoting potential disease development. This review provides an overview of iron homeostasis, mitochondrial iron metabolism, and how mitochondrial iron imbalances-induced mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengna Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengliao Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cimin Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Park JH, Koh EB, Seo YJ, Oh HS, Won JY, Hwang SC, Byun JH. Tiron Has Negative Effects on Osteogenic Differentiation via Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Periosteum-Derived Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214040. [PMID: 36430519 PMCID: PMC9693013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tiron is a potent antioxidant that counters the pathological effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production due to oxidative stress in various cell types. We examined the effects of tiron on mitochondrial function and osteoblastic differentiation in human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs). Tiron increased mitochondrial activity and decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in hPDCs; however, it had a detrimental effect on osteoblastic differentiation by reducing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red-positive mineralization, regardless of H2O2 treatment. Osteoblast-differentiating hPDCs displayed increased ROS production compared with non-differentiating hPDCs, and treatment with tiron reduced ROS production in the differentiating cells. Antioxidants decreased the rates of oxygen consumption and ATP production, which are increased in hPDCs during osteoblastic differentiation. In addition, treatment with tiron reduced the levels of most mitochondrial proteins, which are increased in hPDCs during culture in osteogenic induction medium. These results suggest that tiron exerts negative effects on the osteoblastic differentiation of hPDCs by causing mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Koh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hye-Seong Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeong Won
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Red-light responsive photoCORM activated in aqueous acid solution. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kim SL, Shin S, Yang SJ. Iron Homeostasis and Energy Metabolism in Obesity. Clin Nutr Res 2022; 11:316-330. [PMID: 36381472 PMCID: PMC9633967 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2022.11.4.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron plays a role in energy metabolism as a component of vital enzymes and electron transport chains (ETCs) for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are crucial in generating ATP in mitochondria. At the mitochondria matrix, heme and iron-sulfur clusters are synthesized. Iron-sulfur cluster is a part of the aconitase in the TCA cycle and a functional or structural component of electron transfer proteins. Heme is the prosthetic group for cytochrome c, a principal component of the respiratory ETC. Regarding fat metabolism, iron regulates mitochondrial fat oxidation and affects the thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Thermogenesis is a process that increases energy expenditure, and BAT is a tissue that generates heat via mitochondrial fuel oxidation. Iron deficiency may impair mitochondrial fuel oxidation by inhibiting iron-containing molecules, leading to decreased energy expenditure. Although it is expected that impaired mitochondrial fuel oxidation may be restored by iron supplementation, its underlying mechanisms have not been clearly identified. Therefore, this review summarizes the current evidence on how iron regulates energy metabolism considering the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and thermogenesis. Additionally, we relate iron-mediated metabolic regulation to obesity and obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Lin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Sunhye Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Korea
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Wang J, Jiang M, Yue G, Zhu L, Wang X, Liang M, Wu X, Li B, Pang Y, Tan G, Li J. ISCA2 deficiency leads to heme synthesis defects and impaired erythroid differentiation in K562 cells by indirect ROS-mediated IRP1 activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119307. [PMID: 35714932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron‑sulfur (Fe-S) clusters have been shown to play important roles in various cellular physiological process. Iron‑sulfur cluster assembly 2 (ISCA2) is a vital component of the [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly machine. Several studies have shown that ISCA2 is highly expressed during erythroid differentiation. However, the role and specific regulatory mechanisms of ISCA2 in erythroid differentiation and erythroid cell growth remain unclear. RNA interference was used to deplete ISCA2 expression in human erythroid leukemia K562 cells. The proliferation, apoptosis, and erythroid differentiation ability of the cells were assessed. We show that knockdown of ISCA2 has profound effects on [4Fe-4S] cluster formation, diminishing mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial damage, inhibiting cell proliferation. Excessive ROS can inhibit the activity of cytoplasmic aconitase (ACO1) and promote ACO1, a bifunctional protein, to perform its iron-regulating protein 1(IRP1) function, thus inhibiting the expression of 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2), which is a key enzyme in heme synthesis. Deficiency of ISCA2 results in the accumulation of iron divalent. In addition, the combination of excessive ferrous iron and ROS may lead to damage of the ACO1 cluster and higher IRP1 function. In brief, ISCA2 deficiency inhibits heme synthesis and erythroid differentiation by double indirect downregulation of ALAS2 expression. We conclude that ISCA2 is essential for normal functioning of mitochondria, and is necessary for erythroid differentiation and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guanru Yue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lifei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengxiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yilin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Jianghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Abstract
An abundant metal in the human body, iron is essential for key biological pathways including oxygen transport, DNA metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Most iron is bound to heme but it can also be incorporated into iron-sulfur clusters or bind directly to proteins. Iron's capacity to cycle between Fe2+ and Fe3+ contributes to its biological utility but also renders it toxic in excess. Heme is an iron-containing tetrapyrrole essential for diverse biological functions including gas transport and sensing, oxidative metabolism, and xenobiotic detoxification. Like iron, heme is essential yet toxic in excess. As such, both iron and heme homeostasis are tightly regulated. Here we discuss molecular and physiologic aspects of iron and heme metabolism. We focus on dietary absorption; cellular import; utilization; and export, recycling, and elimination, emphasizing studies published in recent years. We end with a discussion on current challenges and needs in the field of iron and heme biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Dutt
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Sun Y, Xia X, Basnet D, Zheng JC, Huang J, Liu J. Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Emerging Links to the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:904152. [PMID: 35837484 PMCID: PMC9273851 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.904152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a diverse class of diseases attributed to chronic progressive neuronal degeneration and synaptic loss in the brain and/or spinal cord, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex and diverse, often involving mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and epigenetic changes. However, the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has not been fully elucidated. Recently, accumulating evidence revealed that ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron-dependent and lipid peroxidation-driven type of programmed cell death, provides another explanation for the occurrence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the process and regulation mechanisms of ferroptosis, and summarize current research progresses that support the contribution of ferroptosis to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the emerging roles of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases will shed light on the development of novel therapeutic technologies and strategies for slowing down the progression of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Diksha Basnet
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin C. Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jialin C. Zheng,
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Jian Huang,
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jianhui Liu,
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Hong SJ, Garcia CV, Shin GH, Kim JT. Enhanced bioaccessibility and stability of iron through W/O/W double emulsion-based solid lipid nanoparticles and coating with water-soluble chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:895-903. [PMID: 35447259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
W/O/W double emulsion-based iron-solid lipid nanoparticles (Fe-SLNs) and water-soluble chitosan-coated Fe-SLNs (WSC-Fe-SLNs) were developed to increase the bioaccessibility and stability of iron. Fe-SLNs exhibited a small diameter (158.17 ± 0.72 nm) and adequate zeta potential (-34.31 ± 0.41 mV) to maintain stable dispersion. The coating with WSC resulted in an increase in particle diameter (up to 226.13 ± 1.97 nm) and change of zeta potential to positive value (+47.83 ± 1.24 mV) because of the amine groups of chitosan. The lipid peroxidation of the Fe-SLNs and WSC-Fe-SLNs was substantially lower than that of pure iron. Both Fe-SLNs and WSC-Fe-SLNs were also able to protect the encapsulated iron in simulated gastric fluid, while effectively releasing almost 80% of the iron in simulated intestinal fluid. The Fe-SLNs and WSC-Fe-SLNs showed a great potential as functional materials to apply to various food industries through enhancement of physical stability and bioaccessibility of the encapsulated iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Hong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gye Hwa Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Wu S, Yin S, Zhou B. Molecular physiology of iron trafficking in Drosophila melanogaster. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 50:100888. [PMID: 35158107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron homeostasis in insects is less-well understood comparatively to mammals. The classic model organism Drosophila melanogaster has been recently employed to explore how iron is trafficked between and within cells. An outline for iron absorption, systemic delivery, and efflux is thus beginning to emerge. The proteins Malvolio, ZIP13, mitoferrin, ferritin, transferrin, and IRP-1A are key players in these processes. While many features are shared with those in mammals, some physiological differences may also exist. Notable remaining questions include the existence and identification of functional transferrin and ferritin receptors, and of an iron exporter like ferroportin, how systemic iron homeostasis is controlled, and the roles of different tissues in regulating iron physiology. By focusing on aspects of iron trafficking, this review updates on presently known complexities of iron homeostasis in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sai Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Kubicova L, Bachmann G, Weckwerth W, Chobot V. (±)-Catechin-A Mass-Spectrometry-Based Exploration Coordination Complex Formation with Fe II and Fe III. Cells 2022; 11:958. [PMID: 35326409 PMCID: PMC8946835 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechin is an extensively investigated plant flavan-3-ol with a beneficial impact on human health that is often associated with antioxidant activities and iron coordination complex formation. The aim of this study was to explore these properties with FeII and FeIII using a combination of nanoelectrospray-mass spectrometry, differential pulse voltammetry, site-specific deoxyribose degradation assay, FeII autoxidation assay, and brine shrimp mortality assay. Catechin primarily favored coordination complex formation with Fe ions of the stoichiometry catechin:Fe in the ratio of 1:1 or 2:1. In the detected Fe-catechin coordination complexes, FeII prevailed. Differential pulse voltammetry, the site-specific deoxyribose degradation, and FeII autoxidation assays proved that coordination complex formation affected catechin's antioxidant effects. In situ formed Fe-catechin coordination complexes showed no toxic activities in the brine shrimp mortality assay. In summary, catechin has properties for the possible treatment of pathological processes associated with ageing and degeneration, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kubicova
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (W.W.)
| | - Gert Bachmann
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (W.W.)
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (W.W.)
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Chobot
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (W.W.)
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Jing JL, Ning TCY, Natali F, Eisenhaber F, Alfatah M. Iron Supplementation Delays Aging and Extends Cellular Lifespan through Potentiation of Mitochondrial Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050862. [PMID: 35269484 PMCID: PMC8909192 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest challenge to humankind worldwide. Aging is associated with a progressive loss of physiological integrity due to a decline in cellular metabolism and functions. Such metabolic changes lead to age-related diseases, thereby compromising human health for the remaining life. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify geroprotectors that regulate metabolic functions to target the aging biological processes. Nutrients are the major regulator of metabolic activities to coordinate cell growth and development. Iron is an important nutrient involved in several biological functions, including metabolism. In this study using yeast as an aging model organism, we show that iron supplementation delays aging and increases the cellular lifespan. To determine how iron supplementation increases lifespan, we performed a gene expression analysis of mitochondria, the main cellular hub of iron utilization. Quantitative analysis of gene expression data reveals that iron supplementation upregulates the expression of the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and electron transport chain (ETC) genes. Furthermore, in agreement with the expression profiles of mitochondrial genes, ATP level is elevated by iron supplementation, which is required for increasing the cellular lifespan. To confirm, we tested the role of iron supplementation in the AMPK knockout mutant. AMPK is a highly conserved controller of mitochondrial metabolism and energy homeostasis. Remarkably, iron supplementation rescued the short lifespan of the AMPK knockout mutant and confirmed its anti-aging role through the enhancement of mitochondrial functions. Thus, our results suggest a potential therapeutic use of iron supplementation to delay aging and prolong healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovian Lin Jing
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (J.L.J.); (T.C.Y.N.)
| | - Trishia Cheng Yi Ning
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (J.L.J.); (T.C.Y.N.)
| | - Federica Natali
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), A*STAR, Singapore 138669, Singapore;
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (J.L.J.); (T.C.Y.N.)
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
- Correspondence: (F.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Alfatah
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (J.L.J.); (T.C.Y.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.E.); (M.A.)
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Cavezzi A, Menicagli R, Troiani E, Corrao S. COVID-19, Cation Dysmetabolism, Sialic Acid, CD147, ACE2, Viroporins, Hepcidin and Ferroptosis: A Possible Unifying Hypothesis. F1000Res 2022; 11:102. [PMID: 35340277 PMCID: PMC8921693 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.108667.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: iron and calcium dysmetabolism, with hyperferritinemia, hypoferremia, hypocalcemia and anemia have been documented in the majority of COVID-19 patients at later/worse stages. Furthermore, complementary to ACE2, both sialic acid (SA) molecules and CD147 proved relevant host receptors for SARS-CoV-2 entry, which explains the viral attack to multiple types of cells, including erythrocytes, endothelium and neural tissue. Several authors advocated that cell ferroptosis may be the core and final cell degenerative mechanism. Methods: a literature research was performed in several scientific search engines, such as PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, Chemical Abstract Service. More than 500 articles were retrieved until mid-December 2021, to highlight the available evidence about the investigated issues. Results: based on COVID-19 literature data, we have highlighted a few pathophysiological mechanisms, associated with virus-based cation dysmetabolism, multi-organ attack, mitochondria degeneration and ferroptosis. Our suggested elucidated pathological sequence is: a) spike protein subunit S1 docking with sialylated membrane glycoproteins/receptors (ACE2, CD147), and S2 subunit fusion with the lipid layer; b) cell membrane morpho-functional changes due to the consequent electro-chemical variations and viroporin action, which induce an altered ion channel function and intracellular cation accumulation; c) additional intracellular iron concentration due to a deregulated hepcidin-ferroportin axis, with higher hepcidin levels. Viral invasion may also affect erythrocytes/erythroid precursors, endothelial cells and macrophages, through SA and CD147 receptors, with relative hemoglobin and iron/calcium dysmetabolism. AB0 blood group, hemochromatosis, or environmental elements may represent possible factors which affect individual susceptibility to COVID-19. Conclusions: our literature analysis confirms the combined role of SA molecules, ACE2, CD147, viroporins and hepcidin in determining the cation dysmetabolism and final ferroptosis in the cells infected by SARS-CoV-2. The altered ion channels and electrochemical gradients of the cell membrane have a pivotal role in the virus entry and cell dysmetabolism, with subsequent multi-organ immune-inflammatory degeneration and erythrocyte/hemoglobin alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Cavezzi
- Eurocenter Venalinfa, San Benedetto del Tronto, AP, 63074, Italy
| | | | - Emidio Troiani
- Cardiology Unit, Social Security Institute, State Hospital, Cailungo, 47893, San Marino
| | - Salvatore Corrao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Division,, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital Trust, Palermo, Italy
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Cavezzi A, Menicagli R, Troiani E, Corrao S. COVID-19, Cation Dysmetabolism, Sialic Acid, CD147, ACE2, Viroporins, Hepcidin and Ferroptosis: A Possible Unifying Hypothesis. F1000Res 2022; 11:102. [PMID: 35340277 PMCID: PMC8921693 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.108667.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: iron and calcium dysmetabolism, with hyperferritinemia, hypoferremia, hypocalcemia and anemia have been documented in the majority of COVID-19 patients at later/worse stages. Furthermore, complementary to ACE2, both sialic acid (SA) molecules and CD147 proved relevant host receptors for SARS-CoV-2 entry, which explains the viral attack to multiple types of cells, including erythrocytes, endothelium and neural tissue. Several authors advocated that cell ferroptosis may be the core and final cell degenerative mechanism. Methods: a literature research was performed in several scientific search engines, such as PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, Chemical Abstract Service. More than 500 articles were retrieved until mid-December 2021, to highlight the available evidence about the investigated issues. Results: based on COVID-19 literature data, we have highlighted a few pathophysiological mechanisms, associated with virus-based cation dysmetabolism, multi-organ attack, mitochondria degeneration and ferroptosis. Our suggested elucidated pathological sequence is: a) spike protein subunit S1 docking with sialylated membrane glycoproteins/receptors (ACE2, CD147), and S2 subunit fusion with the lipid layer; b) cell membrane morpho-functional changes due to the consequent electro-chemical variations and viroporin action, which induce an altered ion channel function and intracellular cation accumulation; c) additional intracellular iron concentration due to a deregulated hepcidin-ferroportin axis, with higher hepcidin levels. Viral invasion may also affect erythrocytes/erythroid precursors, endothelial cells and macrophages, through SA and CD147 receptors, with relative hemoglobin and iron/calcium dysmetabolism. AB0 blood group, hemochromatosis, or environmental elements may represent possible factors which affect individual susceptibility to COVID-19. Conclusions: our literature analysis confirms the combined role of SA molecules, ACE2, CD147, viroporins and hepcidin in determining the cation dysmetabolism and final ferroptosis in the cells infected by SARS-CoV-2. The altered ion channels and electrochemical gradients of the cell membrane have a pivotal role in the virus entry and cell dysmetabolism, with subsequent multi-organ immune-inflammatory degeneration and erythrocyte/hemoglobin alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Cavezzi
- Eurocenter Venalinfa, San Benedetto del Tronto, AP, 63074, Italy
| | | | - Emidio Troiani
- Cardiology Unit, Social Security Institute, State Hospital, Cailungo, 47893, San Marino
| | - Salvatore Corrao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Division,, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital Trust, Palermo, Italy
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Hognon C, Bignon E, Harle G, Touche N, Grandemange S, Monari A. The Iron Maiden. Cytosolic Aconitase/IRP1 Conformational Transition in the Regulation of Ferritin Translation and Iron Hemostasis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091329. [PMID: 34572542 PMCID: PMC8469783 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining iron homeostasis is fundamental for almost all living beings, and its deregulation correlates with severe and debilitating pathologies. The process is made more complicated by the omnipresence of iron and by its role as a fundamental component of a number of crucial metallo proteins. The response to modifications in the amount of the free-iron pool is performed via the inhibition of ferritin translation by sequestering consensus messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences. In turn, this is regulated by the iron-sensitive conformational equilibrium between cytosolic aconitase and IRP1, mediated by the presence of an iron-sulfur cluster. In this contribution, we analyze by full-atom molecular dynamics simulation, the factors leading to both the interaction with mRNA and the conformational transition. Furthermore, the role of the iron-sulfur cluster in driving the conformational transition is assessed by obtaining the related free energy profile via enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Hognon
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7019 LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Emmanuelle Bignon
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7019 LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Guillaume Harle
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7039 CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (G.H.); (N.T.)
| | - Nadège Touche
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7039 CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (G.H.); (N.T.)
| | - Stéphanie Grandemange
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7039 CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (G.H.); (N.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7019 LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.H.); (E.B.)
- Université de Paris and CNRS, ITODYS, F-75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (A.M.)
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Dietz JV, Fox JL, Khalimonchuk O. Down the Iron Path: Mitochondrial Iron Homeostasis and Beyond. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092198. [PMID: 34571846 PMCID: PMC8468894 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular iron homeostasis and mitochondrial iron homeostasis are interdependent. Mitochondria must import iron to form iron–sulfur clusters and heme, and to incorporate these cofactors along with iron ions into mitochondrial proteins that support essential functions, including cellular respiration. In turn, mitochondria supply the cell with heme and enable the biogenesis of cytosolic and nuclear proteins containing iron–sulfur clusters. Impairment in cellular or mitochondrial iron homeostasis is deleterious and can result in numerous human diseases. Due to its reactivity, iron is stored and trafficked through the body, intracellularly, and within mitochondria via carefully orchestrated processes. Here, we focus on describing the processes of and components involved in mitochondrial iron trafficking and storage, as well as mitochondrial iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis and heme biosynthesis. Recent findings and the most pressing topics for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V. Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Jennifer L. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA;
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence:
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Belaya I, Kucháriková N, Górová V, Kysenius K, Hare DJ, Crouch PJ, Malm T, Atalay M, White AR, Liddell JR, Kanninen KM. Regular Physical Exercise Modulates Iron Homeostasis in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168715. [PMID: 34445419 PMCID: PMC8395833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of brain iron metabolism is one of the pathological features of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. While physical inactivity is one of the risk factors for AD and regular exercise improves cognitive function and reduces pathology associated with AD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of regular physical exercise on modulation of iron homeostasis in the brain and periphery of the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. By using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and a variety of biochemical techniques, we measured total iron content and level of proteins essential in iron homeostasis in the brain and skeletal muscles of sedentary and exercised mice. Long-term voluntary running induced redistribution of iron resulted in altered iron metabolism and trafficking in the brain and increased iron content in skeletal muscle. Exercise reduced levels of cortical hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, coupled with interleukin-6 (IL-6) decrease in cortex and plasma. We propose that regular exercise induces a reduction of hepcidin in the brain, possibly via the IL-6/STAT3/JAK1 pathway. These findings indicate that regular exercise modulates iron homeostasis in both wild-type and AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Belaya
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Nina Kucháriková
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Veronika Górová
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.K.); (P.J.C.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Peter J. Crouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.K.); (P.J.C.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Anthony R. White
- Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Jeffrey R. Liddell
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.K.); (P.J.C.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Katja M. Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Mitochondrial Ferritin: Its Role in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081969. [PMID: 34440737 PMCID: PMC8393899 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2001, a new type of human ferritin was identified by searching for homologous sequences to H-ferritin in the human genome. After the demonstration that this ferritin is located specifically in the mitochondrion, it was called mitochondrial ferritin. Studies on the properties of this new type of ferritin have been limited by its very high homology with the cytosolic H-ferritin, which is expressed at higher levels in cells. This great similarity made it difficult to obtain specific antibodies against the mitochondrial ferritin devoid of cross-reactivity with cytosolic ferritin. Thus, the knowledge of the physiological role of mitochondrial ferritin is still incomplete despite 20 years of research. In this review, we summarize the literature on mitochondrial ferritin expression regulation and its physical and biochemical properties, with particular attention paid to the differences with cytosolic ferritin and its role in physiological condition. Until now, there has been no evidence that the alteration of the mitochondrial ferritin gene is causative of any disorder; however, the identified association of the mitochondrial ferritin with some disorders is discussed.
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Mahajan SG, Nandre VS, Kodam KM, Kulkarni MV. Desferrioxamine E produced by an indigenous salt tolerant Pseudomonas stutzeri stimulates iron uptake of Triticum aestivum L. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Wang X, An P, Gu Z, Luo Y, Luo J. Mitochondrial Metal Ion Transport in Cell Metabolism and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147525. [PMID: 34299144 PMCID: PMC8305404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital to life and provide biological energy for other organelles and cell physiological processes. On the mitochondrial double layer membrane, there are a variety of channels and transporters to transport different metal ions, such as Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+. Emerging evidence in recent years has shown that the metal ion transport is essential for mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), ATP production, mitochondrial integrity, mitochondrial volume, enzyme activity, signal transduction, proliferation and apoptosis. The homeostasis of mitochondrial metal ions plays an important role in maintaining mitochondria and cell functions and regulating multiple diseases. In particular, channels and transporters for transporting mitochondrial metal ions are very critical, which can be used as potential targets to treat neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the current research on several types of mitochondrial metal ion channels/transporters and their functions in cell metabolism and diseases, providing strong evidence and therapeutic strategies for further insights into related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Peng An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Yongting Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Junjie Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.L.)
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