1
|
Liu XY, Song X, Czosnyka M, Robba C, Czosnyka Z, Summers JL, Yu HJ, Gao GY, Smielewski P, Guo F, Pang MJ, Ming D. Congenital hydrocephalus: a review of recent advances in genetic etiology and molecular mechanisms. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:54. [PMID: 39135208 PMCID: PMC11318184 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence rate for congenital hydrocephalus (CH) is approximately one out of every five hundred births with multifaceted predisposing factors at play. Genetic influences stand as a major contributor to CH pathogenesis, and epidemiological evidence suggests their involvement in up to 40% of all cases observed globally. Knowledge about an individual's genetic susceptibility can significantly improve prognostic precision while aiding clinical decision-making processes. However, the precise genetic etiology has only been pinpointed in fewer than 5% of human instances. More occurrences of CH cases are required for comprehensive gene sequencing aimed at uncovering additional potential genetic loci. A deeper comprehension of its underlying genetics may offer invaluable insights into the molecular and cellular basis of this brain disorder. This review provides a summary of pertinent genes identified through gene sequencing technologies in humans, in addition to the 4 genes currently associated with CH (two X-linked genes L1CAM and AP1S2, two autosomal recessive MPDZ and CCDC88C). Others predominantly participate in aqueduct abnormalities, ciliary movement, and nervous system development. The prospective CH-related genes revealed through animal model gene-editing techniques are further outlined, focusing mainly on 4 pathways, namely cilia synthesis and movement, ion channels and transportation, Reissner's fiber (RF) synthesis, cell apoptosis, and neurogenesis. Notably, the proper functioning of motile cilia provides significant impulsion for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation within the brain ventricles while mutations in cilia-related genes constitute a primary cause underlying this condition. So far, only a limited number of CH-associated genes have been identified in humans. The integration of genotype and phenotype for disease diagnosis represents a new trend in the medical field. Animal models provide insights into the pathogenesis of CH and contribute to our understanding of its association with related complications, such as renal cysts, scoliosis, and cardiomyopathy, as these genes may also play a role in the development of these diseases. Genes discovered in animals present potential targets for new treatments but require further validation through future human studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yun Liu
- Medical School, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, 300380, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Song
- Medical School, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Marek Czosnyka
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Chiara Robba
- San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Zofia Czosnyka
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jennifer Lee Summers
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Hui-Jie Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Guo-Yi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Peter Smielewski
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mei-Jun Pang
- Medical School, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Dong Ming
- Medical School, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, 300380, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rudà R, Horbinski C, van den Bent M, Preusser M, Soffietti R. IDH inhibition in gliomas: from preclinical models to clinical trials. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:395-407. [PMID: 38760442 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumours in adults and cannot usually be cured with standard cancer treatments. Gliomas show intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity at the histological and molecular levels, and they frequently contain mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or IDH2 gene. IDH-mutant adult-type diffuse gliomas are subdivided into grade 2, 3 or 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas and grade 2 or 3 IDH-mutant, 1p19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas. The product of the mutated IDH genes, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG), induces global DNA hypermethylation and interferes with immunity, leading to stimulation of tumour growth. Selective inhibitors of mutant IDH, such as ivosidenib and vorasidenib, have been shown to reduce D-2-HG levels and induce cellular differentiation in preclinical models and to induce MRI-detectable responses in early clinical trials. The phase III INDIGO trial has demonstrated superiority of vorasidenib, a brain-penetrant pan-mutant IDH inhibitor, over placebo in people with non-enhancing grade 2 IDH-mutant gliomas following surgery. In this Review, we describe the pathway of development of IDH inhibitors in IDH-mutant low-grade gliomas from preclinical models to clinical trials. We discuss the practice-changing implications of the INDIGO trial and consider new avenues of investigation in the field of IDH-mutant gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rudà
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin van den Bent
- Brain Tumour Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Riccardo Soffietti
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao H, Meng L, Du P, Liao X, Mo X, Gong M, Chen J, Liao Y. IDH1 mutation produces R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG) and induces mir-182-5p expression to regulate cell cycle and tumor formation in glioma. Biol Res 2024; 57:30. [PMID: 38760850 PMCID: PMC11100189 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2), are present in most gliomas. IDH1 mutation is an important prognostic marker in glioma. However, its regulatory mechanism in glioma remains incompletely understood. RESULTS miR-182-5p expression was increased within IDH1-mutant glioma specimens according to TCGA, CGGA, and online dataset GSE119740, as well as collected clinical samples. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate ((R)-2HG) treatment up-regulated the expression of miR-182-5p, enhanced glioma cell proliferation, and suppressed apoptosis; miR-182-5p inhibition partially eliminated the oncogenic effects of R-2HG upon glioma cells. By direct binding to Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2 C (CDKN2C) 3'UTR, miR-182-5p inhibited CDKN2C expression. Regarding cellular functions, CDKN2C knockdown promoted R-2HG-treated glioma cell viability, suppressed apoptosis, and relieved cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, CDKN2C knockdown partially attenuated the effects of miR-182-5p inhibition on cell phenotypes. Moreover, CDKN2C knockdown exerted opposite effects on cell cycle check point and apoptosis markers to those of miR-182-5p inhibition; also, CDKN2C knockdown partially attenuated the functions of miR-182-5p inhibition in cell cycle check point and apoptosis markers. The engineered CS-NPs (antagomir-182-5p) effectively encapsulated and delivered antagomir-182-5p, enhancing anti-tumor efficacy in vivo, indicating the therapeutic potential of CS-NPs(antagomir-182-5p) in targeting the miR-182-5p/CDKN2C axis against R-2HG-driven oncogenesis in mice models. CONCLUSIONS These insights highlight the potential of CS-NPs(antagomir-182-5p) to target the miR-182-5p/CDKN2C axis, offering a promising therapeutic avenue against R-2HG's oncogenic influence to glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Li Meng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830063, PR China
| | - Xinbin Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xin Mo
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Mengqi Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lai TH, Wenzel B, Dukić-Stefanović S, Teodoro R, Arnaud L, Maisonial-Besset A, Weber V, Moldovan RP, Meister S, Pietzsch J, Kopka K, Juratli TA, Deuther-Conrad W, Toussaint M. Radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of [ 18F]AG-120 for PET imaging of the mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 in glioma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1085-1096. [PMID: 37982850 PMCID: PMC10881675 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Glioma are clinically challenging tumors due to their location and invasiveness nature, which often hinder complete surgical resection. The evaluation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status has become crucial for effective patient stratification. Through a transdisciplinary approach, we have developed an 18F-labeled ligand for non-invasive assessment of the IDH1R132H variant by using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In this study, we have successfully prepared diastereomerically pure [18F]AG-120 by copper-mediated radiofluorination of the stannyl precursor 6 on a TRACERlab FX2 N radiosynthesis module. In vitro internalization studies demonstrated significantly higher uptake of [18F]AG-120 in U251 human high-grade glioma cells with stable overexpression of mutant IDH1 (IDH1R132H) compared to their wild-type IDH1 counterpart (0.4 vs. 0.013% applied dose/µg protein at 120 min). In vivo studies conducted in mice, exhibited the excellent metabolic stability of [18F]AG-120, with parent fractions of 85% and 91% in plasma and brain at 30 min p.i., respectively. Dynamic PET studies with [18F]AG-120 in naïve mice and orthotopic glioma rat model reveal limited blood-brain barrier permeation along with a low uptake in the brain tumor. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in uptake between mutant IDH1R132H and wild-type IDH1 tumors (tumor-to-blood ratio[40-60 min]: ~1.7 vs. ~1.3). In conclusion, our preclinical evaluation demonstrated a target-specific internalization of [18F]AG-120 in vitro, a high metabolic stability in vivo in mice, and a slightly higher accumulation of activity in IDH1R132H-glioma compared to IDH1-glioma. Overall, our findings contribute to advancing the field of molecular imaging and encourage the evaluation of [18F]AG-120 to improve diagnosis and management of glioma and other IDH1R132H-related tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thu Hang Lai
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka GmbH, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sladjana Dukić-Stefanović
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lucie Arnaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Inserm, Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Maisonial-Besset
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Inserm, Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Weber
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Inserm, Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Rareş-Petru Moldovan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Meister
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tareq A Juratli
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Magali Toussaint
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pasupuleti V, Vora L, Prasad R, Nandakumar DN, Khatri DK. Glioblastoma preclinical models: Strengths and weaknesses. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189059. [PMID: 38109948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant brain tumor with significant intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity known for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. The complex signaling cascade that regulates this heterogeneity makes targeted drug therapy ineffective. The development of an optimal preclinical model is crucial for the comprehension of molecular heterogeneity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The ideal model should establish a relationship between various oncogenes and their corresponding responses. This review presents an analysis of preclinical in vivo and in vitro models that have contributed to the advancement of knowledge in model development. The experimental designs utilized in vivo models consisting of both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice induced with intracranial glioma. The transgenic model was generated using various techniques, like the viral vector delivery system, transposon system, Cre-LoxP model, and CRISPR-Cas9 approaches. The utilization of the patient-derived xenograft model in glioma research is valuable because it closely replicates the human glioma microenvironment, providing evidence of tumor heterogeneity. The utilization of in vitro techniques in the initial stages of research facilitated the comprehension of molecular interactions. However, these techniques are inadequate in reproducing the interactions between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). As a result, bioengineered 3D-in vitro models, including spheroids, scaffolds, and brain organoids, were developed to cultivate glioma cells in a three-dimensional environment. These models have enabled researchers to understand the influence of ECM on the invasive nature of tumors. Collectively, these preclinical models effectively depict the molecular pathways and facilitate the evaluation of multiple molecules while tailoring drug therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasavi Pasupuleti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 516, 5th floor, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - D N Nandakumar
- Department of Neurochemistry National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sarkar S, Deyoung T, Ressler H, Chandler W. Brain Tumors: Development, Drug Resistance, and Sensitization - An Epigenetic Approach. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2237761. [PMID: 37499114 PMCID: PMC10376921 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2237761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we describe contrasting developmental aspects of paediatric and adult brain tumours. We hypothesize that the formation of cancer progenitor cells, for both paediatric and adult, could be due to epigenetic events. However, the progression of adult brain tumours selectively involves more mutations compared to paediatric tumours. We further discuss epigenetic switches, comprising both histone modifications and DNA methylation, and how they can differentially regulate transcription and expression of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Next, we summarize the currently available therapies for both types of brain tumours, explaining the merits and failures leading to drug resistance. We analyse different mechanisms of drug resistance and the role of epigenetics in this process. We then provide a rationale for combination therapy, which includes epigenetic drugs. In the end, we postulate a concept which describes how a combination therapy could be initiated. The timing, doses, and order of individual drug regimens will depend on the individual case. This type of combination therapy will be part of a personalized medicine which will differ from patient to patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibaji Sarkar
- Division of Biotechnology, Quincy College, Quincy, MA, USA
- Division of Biology, STEM, MBC College, Wellesley, MA, USA
- Division of Biology, STEM, RC College Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tara Deyoung
- Division of Biotechnology, Quincy College, Quincy, MA, USA
| | - Hope Ressler
- Division of Biology, STEM, MBC College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moutabian H, Radi UK, Saleman AY, Adil M, Zabibah RS, Chaitanya MNL, Saadh MJ, Jawad MJ, Hazrati E, Bagheri H, Pal RS, Akhavan-Sigari R. MicroRNA-155 and cancer metastasis: Regulation of invasion, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154789. [PMID: 37741138 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Among the leading causes of death globally has been cancer. Nearly 90% of all cancer-related fatalities are attributed to metastasis, which is the growing of additional malignant growths out of the original cancer origin. Therefore, a significant clinical need for a deeper comprehension of metastasis exists. Beginning investigations are being made on the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the metastatic process. Tiny non-coding RNAs called miRNAs have a crucial part in controlling the spread of cancer. Some miRNAs regulate migration, invasion, colonization, cancer stem cells' properties, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the microenvironment, among other processes, to either promote or prevent metastasis. One of the most well-conserved and versatile miRNAs, miR-155 is primarily distinguished by overexpression in a variety of illnesses, including malignant tumors. It has been discovered that altered miR-155 expression is connected to a number of physiological and pathological processes, including metastasis. As a result, miR-155-mediated signaling pathways were identified as possible cancer molecular therapy targets. The current research on miR-155, which is important in controlling cancer cells' invasion, and metastasis as well as migration, will be summarized in the current work. The crucial significance of the lncRNA/circRNA-miR-155-mRNA network as a crucial regulator of carcinogenesis and a player in the regulation of signaling pathways or related genes implicated in cancer metastasis will be covered in the final section. These might provide light on the creation of fresh treatment plans for controlling cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Moutabian
- Radiation Sciences Research Center (RSRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Usama Kadem Radi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | | | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Mv N L Chaitanya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144402, India
| | - Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center. Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Ebrahi Hazrati
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Bagheri
- Radiation Sciences Research Center (RSRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rashmi Saxena Pal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144402, India
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rahme GJ, Javed NM, Puorro KL, Xin S, Hovestadt V, Johnstone SE, Bernstein BE. Modeling epigenetic lesions that cause gliomas. Cell 2023; 186:3674-3685.e14. [PMID: 37494934 PMCID: PMC10530192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic lesions that disrupt regulatory elements represent potential cancer drivers. However, we lack experimental models for validating their tumorigenic impact. Here, we model aberrations arising in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant gliomas, which exhibit DNA hypermethylation. We focus on a CTCF insulator near the PDGFRA oncogene that is recurrently disrupted by methylation in these tumors. We demonstrate that disruption of the syntenic insulator in mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) allows an OPC-specific enhancer to contact and induce Pdgfra, thereby increasing proliferation. We show that a second lesion, methylation-dependent silencing of the Cdkn2a tumor suppressor, cooperates with insulator loss in OPCs. Coordinate inactivation of the Pdgfra insulator and Cdkn2a drives gliomagenesis in vivo. Despite locus synteny, the insulator is CpG-rich only in humans, a feature that may confer human glioma risk but complicates mouse modeling. Our study demonstrates the capacity of recurrent epigenetic lesions to drive OPC proliferation in vitro and gliomagenesis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert J Rahme
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nauman M Javed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kaitlyn L Puorro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shouhui Xin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Volker Hovestadt
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sarah E Johnstone
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Sun Y, Zhang DY, Ming GL, Song H. Glioblastoma modeling with 3D organoids: progress and challenges. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 2:kvad008. [PMID: 38596241 PMCID: PMC10913843 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive adult primary brain tumor with nearly universal treatment resistance and recurrence. The mainstay of therapy remains maximal safe surgical resection followed by concurrent radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite intensive investigation, alternative treatment options, such as immunotherapy or targeted molecular therapy, have yielded limited success to achieve long-term remission. This difficulty is partly due to the lack of pre-clinical models that fully recapitulate the intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity of GBM and the complex tumor microenvironment. Recently, GBM 3D organoids originating from resected patient tumors, genetic manipulation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids and bio-printing or fusion with non-malignant tissues have emerged as novel culture systems to portray the biology of GBM. Here, we highlight several methodologies for generating GBM organoids and discuss insights gained using such organoid models compared to classic modeling approaches using cell lines and xenografts. We also outline limitations of current GBM 3D organoids, most notably the difficulty retaining the tumor microenvironment, and discuss current efforts for improvements. Finally, we propose potential applications of organoid models for a deeper mechanistic understanding of GBM and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yusha Sun
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Y Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guo-li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- GBM Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Solomou G, Finch A, Asghar A, Bardella C. Mutant IDH in Gliomas: Role in Cancer and Treatment Options. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112883. [PMID: 37296846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is a common feature of many cancers and, in some cases, is a consequence of mutation in metabolic genes, such as the ones involved in the TCA cycle. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is mutated in many gliomas and other cancers. Physiologically, IDH converts isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), but when mutated, IDH reduces α-KG to D2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG). D2-HG accumulates at elevated levels in IDH mutant tumours, and in the last decade, a massive effort has been made to develop small inhibitors targeting mutant IDH. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge about the cellular and molecular consequences of IDH mutations and the therapeutic approaches developed to target IDH mutant tumours, focusing on gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Solomou
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Asim Asghar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Dai L, Liu Y, Li C, Fan D, Zhou Y, Li P, Kong Q, Su J. Partial erosion on under-methylated regions and chromatin reprogramming contribute to oncogene activation in IDH mutant gliomas. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:13. [PMID: 37118755 PMCID: PMC10142198 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IDH1/2 hotspot mutations are well known to drive oncogenic mutations in gliomas and are well-defined in the WHO 2021 classification of central nervous system tumors. Specifically, IDH mutations lead to aberrant hypermethylation of under-methylated regions (UMRs) in normal tissues through the disruption of TET enzymes. However, the chromatin reprogramming and transcriptional changes induced by IDH-related hypermethylation in gliomas remain unclear. RESULTS Here, we have developed a precise computational framework based on Hidden Markov Model to identify altered methylation states of UMRs at single-base resolution. By applying this framework to whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data from 75 normal brain tissues and 15 IDH mutant glioma tissues, we identified two distinct types of hypermethylated UMRs in IDH mutant gliomas. We named them partially hypermethylated UMRs (phUMRs) and fully hypermethylated UMRs (fhUMRs), respectively. We found that the phUMRs and fhUMRs exhibit distinct genomic features and chromatin states. Genes related to fhUMRs were more likely to be repressed in IDH mutant gliomas. In contrast, genes related to phUMRs were prone to be up-regulated in IDH mutant gliomas. Such activation of phUMR genes is associated with the accumulation of active H3K4me3 and the loss of H3K27me3, as well as H3K36me3 accumulation in gene bodies to maintain gene expression stability. In summary, partial erosion on UMRs was accompanied by locus-specific changes in key chromatin marks, which may contribute to oncogene activation. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a computational strategy for precise decoding of methylation encroachment patterns in IDH mutant gliomas, revealing potential mechanistic insights into chromatin reprogramming that contribute to oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325011, China
| | - Lijun Dai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325011, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325011, China
| | - Chenghao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325011, China
| | - Dandan Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325011, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325011, China
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, 325011, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325011, China
| | - Qingran Kong
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, 325011, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhong Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325011, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, 325011, Zhejiang, China.
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wei Y, Li G, Feng J, Wu F, Zhao Z, Bao Z, Zhang W, Su X, Li J, Qi X, Duan Z, Zhang Y, Vega SF, Jakola AS, Sun Y, Carén H, Jiang T, Fan X. Stalled oligodendrocyte differentiation in IDH-mutant gliomas. Genome Med 2023; 15:24. [PMID: 37055795 PMCID: PMC10103394 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roughly 50% of adult gliomas harbor isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations. According to the 2021 WHO classification guideline, these gliomas are diagnosed as astrocytomas, harboring no 1p19q co-deletion, or oligodendrogliomas, harboring 1p19q co-deletion. Recent studies report that IDH-mutant gliomas share a common developmental hierarchy. However, the neural lineages and differentiation stages in IDH-mutant gliomas remain inadequately characterized. METHODS Using bulk transcriptomes and single-cell transcriptomes, we identified genes enriched in IDH-mutant gliomas with or without 1p19q co-deletion, we also assessed the expression pattern of stage-specific signatures and key regulators of oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation. We compared the expression of oligodendrocyte lineage stage-specific markers between quiescent and proliferating malignant single cells. The gene expression profiles were validated using RNAscope analysis and myelin staining and were further substantiated using data of DNA methylation and single-cell ATAC-seq. As a control, we assessed the expression pattern of astrocyte lineage markers. RESULTS Genes concordantly enriched in both subtypes of IDH-mutant gliomas are upregulated in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC). Signatures of early stages of oligodendrocyte lineage and key regulators of OPC specification and maintenance are enriched in all IDH-mutant gliomas. In contrast, signature of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, myelination regulators, and myelin components are significantly down-regulated or absent in IDH-mutant gliomas. Further, single-cell transcriptomes of IDH-mutant gliomas are similar to OPC and differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte progenitors, but not to myelinating oligodendrocyte. Most IDH-mutant glioma cells are quiescent; quiescent cells and proliferating cells resemble the same differentiation stage of oligodendrocyte lineage. Mirroring the gene expression profiles along the oligodendrocyte lineage, analyses of DNA methylation and single-cell ATAC-seq data demonstrate that genes of myelination regulators and myelin components are hypermethylated and show inaccessible chromatin status, whereas regulators of OPC specification and maintenance are hypomethylated and show open chromatin status. Markers of astrocyte precursors are not enriched in IDH-mutant gliomas. CONCLUSIONS Our studies show that despite differences in clinical manifestation and genomic alterations, all IDH-mutant gliomas resemble early stages of oligodendrocyte lineage and are stalled in oligodendrocyte differentiation due to blocked myelination program. These findings provide a framework to accommodate biological features and therapy development for IDH-mutant gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wei
- Department of Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhang Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zhaoshi Bao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Xueling Qi
- Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zejun Duan
- Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yunqiu Zhang
- Center of Growth Metabolism & Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Sandra Ferreyra Vega
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41390, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Asgeir Store Jakola
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41390, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 41390, Sweden
| | - Yingyu Sun
- Department of Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Helena Carén
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA), Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Department of Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA), Beijing, 100070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hosseinalizadeh H, Rahmati M, Ebrahimi A, O’Connor RS. Current Status and Challenges of Vaccination Therapy for Glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:435-446. [PMID: 36779991 PMCID: PMC10155120 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), also known as grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common and deadly type of central nervous system malignancy in adults. Despite significant breakthroughs in current GBM treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis for late-stage glioblastoma remains bleak due to tumor recurrence following surgical resection. The poor prognosis highlights the evident and pressing need for more efficient and targeted treatment. Vaccination has successfully treated patients with advanced colorectal and lung cancer. Therefore, the potential value of using tumor vaccines in treating glioblastoma is increasingly discussed as a monotherapy or in combination with other cellular immunotherapies. Cancer vaccination includes both passive administration of monoclonal antibodies and active vaccination procedures to activate, boost, or bias antitumor immunity against cancer cells. This article focuses on active immunotherapy with peptide, genetic (DNA, mRNA), and cell-based vaccines in treating GBM and reviews the various treatment approaches currently being tested. Although the ease of synthesis, relative safety, and ability to elicit tumor-specific immune responses have made these vaccines an invaluable tool for cancer treatment, more extensive cohort studies and better guidelines are needed to improve the efficacy of these vaccines in anti-GBM therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 41376, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 41376, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ammar Ebrahimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Rue Du Bugnon 7, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roddy S O’Connor
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang LW, Mallela AN, Deng H, Richardson TE, Hervey-Jumper SL, McBrayer SK, Abdullah KG. Preclinical modeling of lower-grade gliomas. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1139383. [PMID: 37051530 PMCID: PMC10083350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1139383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Models for human gliomas prove critical not only to advancing our understanding of glioma biology but also to facilitate the development of therapeutic modalities. Specifically, creating lower-grade glioma (LGG) models has been challenging, contributing to few investigations and the minimal progress in standard treatment over the past decade. In order to reliably predict and validate the efficacies of novel treatments, however, LGG models need to adhere to specific standards that recapitulate tumor genetic aberrations and micro-environment. This underscores the need to revisit existing models of LGG and explore prospective models that may bridge the gap between preclinical insights and clinical translation. This review first outlines a set of criteria aimed to address the current challenges hindering model development. We then evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of existing preclinical models of LGG with respect to these established standards. To conclude, the review discusses potential future directions for integrating existing models to maximize the exploration of disease mechanisms and therapeutics development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilly W. Tang
- Physician Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Arka N. Mallela
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hansen Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Timothy E. Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Cell and Molecular Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Samuel K. McBrayer
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kalil G. Abdullah
- Physician Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gimple RC, Zhang G, Wang S, Huang T, Lee J, Taori S, Lv D, Dixit D, Halbert ME, Morton AR, Kidwell RL, Dong Z, Prager BC, Kim LJ, Qiu Z, Zhao L, Xie Q, Wu Q, Agnihotri S, Rich JN. Sorting nexin 10 sustains PDGF receptor signaling in glioblastoma stem cells via endosomal protein sorting. JCI Insight 2023; 8:158077. [PMID: 36795488 PMCID: PMC10070110 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant primary brain tumor, the prognosis of which remains dismal even with aggressive surgical, medical, and radiation therapies. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) promote therapeutic resistance and cellular heterogeneity due to their self-renewal properties and capacity for plasticity. To understand the molecular processes essential for maintaining GSCs, we performed an integrative analysis comparing active enhancer landscapes, transcriptional profiles, and functional genomics profiles of GSCs and non-neoplastic neural stem cells (NSCs). We identified sorting nexin 10 (SNX10), an endosomal protein sorting factor, as selectively expressed in GSCs compared with NSCs and essential for GSC survival. Targeting SNX10 impaired GSC viability and proliferation, induced apoptosis, and reduced self-renewal capacity. Mechanistically, GSCs utilized endosomal protein sorting to promote platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) proliferative and stem cell signaling pathways through posttranscriptional regulation of the PDGFR tyrosine kinase. Targeting SNX10 expression extended survival of orthotopic xenograft-bearing mice, and high SNX10 expression correlated with poor glioblastoma patient prognosis, suggesting its potential clinical importance. Thus, our study reveals an essential connection between endosomal protein sorting and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and suggests that targeting endosomal sorting may represent a promising therapeutic approach for glioblastoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tengfei Huang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jina Lee
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suchet Taori
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deguan Lv
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew E Halbert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew R Morton
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Reilly L Kidwell
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zhen Dong
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Leo Jy Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qi Xie
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Y, Wang M, Guo Y, Wang L, Guo W. D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase governs adult neural stem cell activation and promotes histone acetylation via ATP-citrate lyase. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112067. [PMID: 36724076 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of neurons from quiescent radial-glia-like neural stem cells (RGLs) in adult brain goes hand in hand with the modulation of cellular metabolism. However, it is still unclear how the exact metabolic program governs the balance between quiescent and activated RGLs. Here, we find that loss of mitochondrial D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) leads to aberrant accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) and impaired RGL activation. Mechanistically, accumulated D-2-HG bonds directly to ATP-citrate lyase and competitively inhibits its enzymatic activity, thereby reducing acetyl-CoA production and diminishing histone acetylation. However, administration of acetate restores the acetyl-CoA levels via acetyl-CoA synthetase-mediated catabolism and rescues the deficiencies in histone acetylation and RGL activation caused by loss of D2HGDH. Therefore, our findings define the role of cross talk between mitochondria and the nucleus via a mitochondrial metabolite, D-2-HG, the aberrant accumulation of which hinders the regulation of histone acetylation in RGL activation and attenuates continuous neurogenesis in adult mammalian brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ye Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dasgupta P, Balasubramanyian V, de Groot JF, Majd NK. Preclinical Models of Low-Grade Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030596. [PMID: 36765553 PMCID: PMC9913857 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse infiltrating low-grade glioma (LGG) is classified as WHO grade 2 astrocytoma with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and oligodendroglioma with IDH1 mutation and 1p/19q codeletion. Despite their better prognosis compared with glioblastoma, LGGs invariably recur, leading to disability and premature death. There is an unmet need to discover new therapeutics for LGG, which necessitates preclinical models that closely resemble the human disease. Basic scientific efforts in the field of neuro-oncology are mostly focused on high-grade glioma, due to the ease of maintaining rapidly growing cell cultures and highly reproducible murine tumors. Development of preclinical models of LGG, on the other hand, has been difficult due to the slow-growing nature of these tumors as well as challenges involved in recapitulating the widespread genomic and epigenomic effects of IDH mutation. The most recent WHO classification of CNS tumors emphasizes the importance of the role of IDH mutation in the classification of gliomas, yet there are relatively few IDH-mutant preclinical models available. Here, we review the in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of LGG and discuss the mechanistic challenges involved in generating such models and potential strategies to overcome these hurdles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushan Dasgupta
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - John F. de Groot
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Correspondence: (J.F.d.G.); (N.K.M.)
| | - Nazanin K. Majd
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (J.F.d.G.); (N.K.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ngere J, Ebrahimi KH, Williams R, Pires E, Walsby-Tickle J, McCullagh JSO. Ion-Exchange Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry in Life Science, Environmental, and Medical Research. Anal Chem 2023; 95:152-166. [PMID: 36625129 PMCID: PMC9835059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith
B. Ngere
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Kourosh H. Ebrahimi
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Rachel Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Elisabete Pires
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - John Walsby-Tickle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - James S. O. McCullagh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li S, Wang C, Chen J, Lan Y, Zhang W, Kang Z, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Yu J, Li W. Signaling pathways in brain tumors and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:8. [PMID: 36596785 PMCID: PMC9810702 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors, although rare, contribute to distinct mortality and morbidity at all ages. Although there are few therapeutic options for brain tumors, enhanced biological understanding and unexampled innovations in targeted therapies and immunotherapies have considerably improved patients' prognoses. Nonetheless, the reduced response rates and unavoidable drug resistance of currently available treatment approaches have become a barrier to further improvement in brain tumor (glioma, meningioma, CNS germ cell tumors, and CNS lymphoma) treatment. Previous literature data revealed that several different signaling pathways are dysregulated in brain tumor. Importantly, a better understanding of targeting signaling pathways that influences malignant behavior of brain tumor cells might open the way for the development of novel targeted therapies. Thus, there is an urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of these brain tumors, which might result in greater progress in therapeutic approaches. This paper began with a brief description of the epidemiology, incidence, risk factors, as well as survival of brain tumors. Next, the major signaling pathways underlying these brain tumors' pathogenesis and current progress in therapies, including clinical trials, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and system therapies, have been systemically reviewed and discussed. Finally, future perspective and challenges of development of novel therapeutic strategies in brain tumor were emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Chen
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Lan
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichunbai Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuang Kang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Yu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Laurenge A, Huillard E, Bielle F, Idbaih A. Cell of Origin of Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1394:85-101. [PMID: 36587383 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14732-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of cellular and molecular biology of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors is a critical step toward the design of innovative treatments. In addition to improving knowledge, identification of the cell of origin in tumors allows for sharp and efficient targeting of specific tumor cells promoting and driving oncogenic processes. The World Health Organization identifies approximately 150 primary brain tumor subtypes with various ontogeny and clinical outcomes. Identification of the cell of origin of each tumor type with its lineage and differentiation level is challenging. In the current chapter, we report the suspected cell of origin of various CNS primary tumors including gliomas, glioneuronal tumors, medulloblastoma, meningioma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, germinomas, and lymphoma. Most of them have been pinpointed through transgenic mouse models and analysis of molecular signatures of tumors. Identification of the cell or cells of origin in primary brain tumors will undoubtedly open new therapeutic avenues, including the reactivation of differentiation programs for therapeutic perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Laurenge
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Huillard
- INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bielle
- AP-HP, SIRIC CURAMUS, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de La Moelle Épinière, ICM, Service de Neuropathologie Escourolle, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lu J, Zhu D, Zhang X, Wang J, Cao H, Li L. The crucial role of LncRNA MIR210HG involved in the regulation of human cancer and other disease. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:137-150. [PMID: 36088513 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have evoked considerable interest in recent years due to their critical functions in the regulation of disease processes. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs is found in multiple diseases, and lncRNAs have been exploited for diverse medical applications. The lncRNA MIR210HG is a recently discovered lncRNA that is widely dysregulated in human disease. MIR210HG was described to have biological functions with potential roles in disease development, including cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and energy metabolism. And MIR210HG dysregulation was confirmed to have promising clinical values in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In this review, we systematically summarize the expression profiles, roles, underlying mechanisms, and clinical applications of MIR210HG in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Shangcheng District, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Shangcheng District, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Shangcheng District, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Shangcheng District, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Shangcheng District, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Shangcheng District, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Becker J, Sun B, Alammari F, Haerty W, Vance KW, Szele FG. What has single-cell transcriptomics taught us about long non-coding RNAs in the ventricular-subventricular zone? Stem Cell Reports 2022; 18:354-376. [PMID: 36525965 PMCID: PMC9860170 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) function is mediated by the process of transcription or through transcript-dependent associations with proteins or nucleic acids to control gene regulatory networks. Many lncRNAs are transcribed in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), a postnatal neural stem cell niche. lncRNAs in the V-SVZ are implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, cancer, and brain disease, but their functions are poorly understood. V-SVZ neurogenesis capacity declines with age due to stem cell depletion and resistance to neural stem cell activation. Here we analyzed V-SVZ transcriptomics by pooling current single-cell RNA-seq data. They showed consistent lncRNA expression during stem cell activation, lineage progression, and aging. In conjunction with epigenetic and genetic data, we predicted V-SVZ lncRNAs that regulate stem cell activation and differentiation. Some of the lncRNAs validate known epigenetic mechanisms, but most remain uninvestigated. Our analysis points to several lncRNAs that likely participate in key aspects of V-SVZ stem cell activation and neurogenesis in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Becker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Farah Alammari
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Keith W. Vance
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Francis George Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
von Knebel Doeberitz N, Paech D, Sturm D, Pusch S, Turcan S, Saunthararajah Y. Changing paradigms in oncology: Toward noncytotoxic treatments for advanced gliomas. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1431-1446. [PMID: 35603902 PMCID: PMC9474618 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glial-lineage malignancies (gliomas) recurrently mutate and/or delete the master regulators of apoptosis p53 and/or p16/CDKN2A, undermining apoptosis-intending (cytotoxic) treatments. By contrast to disrupted p53/p16, glioma cells are live-wired with the master transcription factor circuits that specify and drive glial lineage fates: these transcription factors activate early-glial and replication programs as expected, but fail in their other usual function of forcing onward glial lineage-maturation-late-glial genes have constitutively "closed" chromatin requiring chromatin-remodeling for activation-glioma-genesis disrupts several epigenetic components needed to perform this work, and simultaneously amplifies repressing epigenetic machinery instead. Pharmacologic inhibition of repressing epigenetic enzymes thus allows activation of late-glial genes and terminates glioma self-replication (self-replication = replication without lineage-maturation), independent of p53/p16/apoptosis. Lineage-specifying master transcription factors therefore contrast with p53/p16 in being enriched in self-replicating glioma cells, reveal a cause-effect relationship between aberrant epigenetic repression of late-lineage programs and malignant self-replication, and point to specific epigenetic targets for noncytotoxic glioma-therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of NeuroradiologyBonn University HospitalBonnGermany
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ) HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology & ImmunologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefan Pusch
- Department of NeuropathologyInstitute of Pathology, Ruprecht‐Karls‐University HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sevin Turcan
- Department of NeurologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology ResearchTaussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhuang Q, Yang H, Mao Y. The Oncogenesis of Glial Cells in Diffuse Gliomas and Clinical Opportunities. Neurosci Bull 2022; 39:393-408. [PMID: 36229714 PMCID: PMC10043159 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and lethal intrinsic primary tumor of the brain. Its controversial origins may contribute to its heterogeneity, creating challenges and difficulties in the development of therapies. Among the components constituting tumors, glioma stem cells are highly plastic subpopulations that are thought to be the site of tumor initiation. Neural stem cells/progenitor cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are possible lineage groups populating the bulk of the tumor, in which gene mutations related to cell-cycle or metabolic enzymes dramatically affect this transformation. Novel approaches have revealed the tumor-promoting properties of distinct tumor cell states, glial, neural, and immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. Communication between tumor cells and other normal cells manipulate tumor progression and influence sensitivity to therapy. Here, we discuss the heterogeneity and relevant functions of tumor cell state, microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages, and neurons in glioma, highlighting their bilateral effects on tumors. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic approaches and targets beyond standard treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yanchus C, Drucker KL, Kollmeyer TM, Tsai R, Winick-Ng W, Liang M, Malik A, Pawling J, De Lorenzo SB, Ali A, Decker PA, Kosel ML, Panda A, Al-Zahrani KN, Jiang L, Browning JWL, Lowden C, Geuenich M, Hernandez JJ, Gosio JT, Ahmed M, Loganathan SK, Berman J, Trcka D, Michealraj KA, Fortin J, Carson B, Hollingsworth EW, Jacinto S, Mazrooei P, Zhou L, Elia A, Lupien M, He HH, Murphy DJ, Wang L, Abyzov A, Dennis JW, Maass PG, Campbell K, Wilson MD, Lachance DH, Wrensch M, Wiencke J, Mak T, Pennacchio LA, Dickel DE, Visel A, Wrana J, Taylor MD, Zadeh G, Dirks P, Eckel-Passow JE, Attisano L, Pombo A, Ida CM, Kvon EZ, Jenkins RB, Schramek D. A noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphism at 8q24 drives IDH1-mutant glioma formation. Science 2022; 378:68-78. [PMID: 36201590 PMCID: PMC9926876 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Establishing causal links between inherited polymorphisms and cancer risk is challenging. Here, we focus on the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs55705857, which confers a sixfold greater risk of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant low-grade glioma (LGG). We reveal that rs55705857 itself is the causal variant and is associated with molecular pathways that drive LGG. Mechanistically, we show that rs55705857 resides within a brain-specific enhancer, where the risk allele disrupts OCT2/4 binding, allowing increased interaction with the Myc promoter and increased Myc expression. Mutating the orthologous mouse rs55705857 locus accelerated tumor development in an Idh1R132H-driven LGG mouse model from 472 to 172 days and increased penetrance from 30% to 75%. Our work reveals mechanisms of the heritable predisposition to lethal glioma in ~40% of LGG patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor Yanchus
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kristen L. Drucker
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Thomas M. Kollmeyer
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ricky Tsai
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Warren Winick-Ng
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Minggao Liang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ahmad Malik
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Judy Pawling
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Silvana B. De Lorenzo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Asma Ali
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paul A. Decker
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matt L. Kosel
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Arijit Panda
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Khalid N. Al-Zahrani
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Lingyan Jiang
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jared W. L. Browning
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Chris Lowden
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Michael Geuenich
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - J. Javier Hernandez
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jessica T. Gosio
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Sampath Kumar Loganathan
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jacob Berman
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Daniel Trcka
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | | | - Jerome Fortin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Brittany Carson
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ethan W. Hollingsworth
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Sandra Jacinto
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Parisa Mazrooei
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Lily Zhou
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Andrew Elia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Liguo Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alexej Abyzov
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - James W. Dennis
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Philipp G. Maass
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kieran Campbell
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Daniel H. Lachance
- Departments of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tak Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Len A. Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
- Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Diane E. Dickel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wrana
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael D. Taylor
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Peter Dirks
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Liliana Attisano
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ana Pombo
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, 13092 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristiane M. Ida
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Evgeny Z. Kvon
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Robert B. Jenkins
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shi DD, Savani MR, Levitt MM, Wang AC, Endress JE, Bird CE, Buehler J, Stopka SA, Regan MS, Lin YF, Puliyappadamba VT, Gao W, Khanal J, Evans L, Lee JH, Guo L, Xiao Y, Xu M, Huang B, Jennings RB, Bonal DM, Martin-Sandoval MS, Dang T, Gattie LC, Cameron AB, Lee S, Asara JM, Kornblum HI, Mak TW, Looper RE, Nguyen QD, Signoretti S, Gradl S, Sutter A, Jeffers M, Janzer A, Lehrman MA, Zacharias LG, Mathews TP, Losman JA, Richardson TE, Cahill DP, DeBerardinis RJ, Ligon KL, Xu L, Ly P, Agar NYR, Abdullah KG, Harris IS, Kaelin WG, McBrayer SK. De novo pyrimidine synthesis is a targetable vulnerability in IDH mutant glioma. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:939-956.e16. [PMID: 35985343 PMCID: PMC9515386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations affecting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes are prevalent in glioma, leukemia, and other cancers. Although mutant IDH inhibitors are effective against leukemia, they seem to be less active in aggressive glioma, underscoring the need for alternative treatment strategies. Through a chemical synthetic lethality screen, we discovered that IDH1-mutant glioma cells are hypersensitive to drugs targeting enzymes in the de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis pathway, including dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). We developed a genetically engineered mouse model of mutant IDH1-driven astrocytoma and used it and multiple patient-derived models to show that the brain-penetrant DHODH inhibitor BAY 2402234 displays monotherapy efficacy against IDH-mutant gliomas. Mechanistically, this reflects an obligate dependence of glioma cells on the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway and mutant IDH's ability to sensitize to DNA damage upon nucleotide pool imbalance. Our work outlines a tumor-selective, biomarker-guided therapeutic strategy that is poised for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana D Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Milan R Savani
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael M Levitt
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adam C Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jennifer E Endress
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cylaina E Bird
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Joseph Buehler
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sylwia A Stopka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael S Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Fen Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vinesh T Puliyappadamba
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wenhua Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Januka Khanal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laura Evans
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joyce H Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bofu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rebecca B Jennings
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dennis M Bonal
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Misty S Martin-Sandoval
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tammie Dang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lauren C Gattie
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Amy B Cameron
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ryan E Looper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stefan Gradl
- Bayer AG, Muellerstrasse 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Jeffers
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Whippany, NJ 07981, USA
| | | | - Mark A Lehrman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lauren G Zacharias
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Thomas P Mathews
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Julie-Aurore Losman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Timothy E Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Peter Ly
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kalil G Abdullah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Hillman Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rhaman MM, Islam MR, Akash S, Mim M, Noor alam M, Nepovimova E, Valis M, Kuca K, Sharma R. Exploring the role of nanomedicines for the therapeutic approach of central nervous system dysfunction: At a glance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:989471. [PMID: 36120565 PMCID: PMC9478743 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.989471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, research scientists, molecular biologists, and pharmacologists have placed a strong emphasis on cutting-edge nanostructured materials technologies to increase medicine delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The application of nanoscience for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Huntington’s disease (HD), brain cancer, and hemorrhage has the potential to transform care. Multiple studies have indicated that nanomaterials can be used to successfully treat CNS disorders in the case of neurodegeneration. Nanomedicine development for the cure of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the nervous system is critical. Nanoparticles may act as a drug transporter that can precisely target sick brain sub-regions, boosting therapy success. It is important to develop strategies that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and improve the effectiveness of medications. One of the probable tactics is the use of different nanoscale materials. These nano-based pharmaceuticals offer low toxicity, tailored delivery, high stability, and drug loading capacity. They may also increase therapeutic effectiveness. A few examples of the many different kinds and forms of nanomaterials that have been widely employed to treat neurological diseases include quantum dots, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, and micelles. These unique qualities, including sensitivity, selectivity, and ability to traverse the BBB when employed in nano-sized particles, make these nanoparticles useful for imaging studies and treatment of NDs. Multifunctional nanoparticles carrying pharmacological medications serve two purposes: they improve medication distribution while also enabling cell dynamics imaging and pharmacokinetic study. However, because of the potential for wide-ranging clinical implications, safety concerns persist, limiting any potential for translation. The evidence for using nanotechnology to create drug delivery systems that could pass across the BBB and deliver therapeutic chemicals to CNS was examined in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rhaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Mominur Rhaman, ; Rohit Sharma,
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mobasharah Mim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Noor alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Md. Mominur Rhaman, ; Rohit Sharma,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Akindona FA, Frederico SC, Hancock JC, Gilbert MR. Exploring the origin of the cancer stem cell niche and its role in anti-angiogenic treatment for glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947634. [PMID: 36091174 PMCID: PMC9454306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are thought to be the main drivers of tumorigenesis for malignancies such as glioblastoma (GBM). They are maintained through a close relationship with the tumor vasculature. Previous literature has well-characterized the components and signaling pathways for maintenance of this stem cell niche, but details on how the niche initially forms are limited. This review discusses development of the nonmalignant neural and hematopoietic stem cell niches in order to draw important parallels to the malignant environment. We then discuss what is known about the cancer stem cell niche, its relationship with angiogenesis, and provide a hypothesis for its development in GBM. A better understanding of the mechanisms of development of the tumor stem cell niche may provide new insights to potentially therapeutically exploit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Funto A. Akindona
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stephen C. Frederico
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John C. Hancock
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark R. Gilbert,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Reinbold R, Hvinden IC, Rabe P, Herold RA, Finch A, Wood J, Morgan M, Staudt M, Clifton IJ, Armstrong FA, McCullagh JSO, Redmond J, Bardella C, Abboud MI, Schofield CJ. Resistance to the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutant inhibitor ivosidenib can be overcome by alternative dimer-interface binding inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4785. [PMID: 35970853 PMCID: PMC9378673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ivosidenib, an inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) R132C and R132H variants, is approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Resistance to ivosidenib due to a second site mutation of IDH1 R132C, leading to IDH1 R132C/S280F, has emerged. We describe biochemical, crystallographic, and cellular studies on the IDH1 R132C/S280F and R132H/S280F variants that inform on the mechanism of second-site resistance, which involves both modulation of inhibitor binding at the IDH1 dimer-interface and alteration of kinetic properties, which enable more efficient 2-HG production relative to IDH1 R132C and IDH1 R132H. Importantly, the biochemical and cellular results demonstrate that it should be possible to overcome S280F mediated resistance in AML patients by using alternative inhibitors, including some presently in phase 2 clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Reinbold
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ingvild C Hvinden
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Patrick Rabe
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ryan A Herold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Wood
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Melissa Morgan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maximillian Staudt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ian J Clifton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - James S O McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jo Redmond
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Rd, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martine I Abboud
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos/Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The epigenetic dysfunction underlying malignant glioma pathogenesis. J Transl Med 2022; 102:682-690. [PMID: 35152274 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive molecular profiling has dramatically transformed the diagnostic neuropathology of brain tumors. Diffuse gliomas, the most common and deadly brain tumor variants, are now classified by highly recurrent biomarkers instead of histomorphological characteristics. Several of the key molecular alterations driving glioma classification involve epigenetic dysregulation at a fundamental level, implicating fields of biology not previously thought to play major roles glioma pathogenesis. This article will review the major epigenetic alterations underlying malignant gliomas, their likely mechanisms of action, and potential strategies for their therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yan Y, Dai W, Mei Q. Multicentric Glioma: An Ideal Model to Reveal the Mechanism of Glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:798018. [PMID: 35747806 PMCID: PMC9209746 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.798018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a special type of glioma, multicentric glioma provides an ideal pathological model for glioma research. According to the stem-cell-origin theory, multiple lesions of multicentric glioma share the same neuro-oncological origin, both in gene level and in cell level. Although the number of studies focusing on genetic evolution in gliomas with the model of multicentric gliomas were limited, some mutations, including IDH1 mutations, TERTp mutations and PTEN deletions, are found to be at an early stage in the process of genetic aberrance during glioma evolution based on the results of these studies. This article reviews the clinical reports and genetic studies of multicentric glioma, and intends to explain the various clinical phenomena of multicentric glioma from the perspective of genetic aberrance accumulation and tumor cell evolution. The malignant degree of a glioma is determined by both the tumorigenicity of early mutant genes, and the stemness of early suffered cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yan
- Departmentof Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Departmentof Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyong Mei
- Departmentof Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
IDH mutation and cancer stem cell. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:413-422. [PMID: 35611837 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of cells in human malignancies that resemble the biology of human pluripotent stem cells. CSCs are closely related to the critical hallmarks in human cancers, ranging from oncogenesis to disease progression, therapeutic resistance, and overall outcome. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) were recently identified as founder mutations for human cancers. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that IDH mutations are closely related to the establishment and maintenance of CSCs. Biosynthesis of oncometabolite, metabolic reprogramming, and epigenetic shifts establish distinctive molecular signatures in IDH-mutated CSCs. Additionally, IDH mutation and IDH-related pathways could be valuable molecular targets to impact the CSC components in human cancers and to improve the disease outcome.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wu MJ, Shi L, Merritt J, Zhu AX, Bardeesy N. Biology of IDH mutant cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2022; 75:1322-1337. [PMID: 35226770 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are the most frequently mutated metabolic genes across human cancers. These hotspot gain-of-function mutations cause the IDH enzyme to aberrantly generate high levels of the oncometabolite, R-2-hydroxyglutarate, which competitively inhibits enzymes that regulate epigenetics, DNA repair, metabolism, and other processes. Among epithelial malignancies, IDH mutations are particularly common in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of mutant IDH (mIDH) 1 delays progression of mIDH1 iCCA, indicating a role for this oncogene in tumor maintenance. However, not all patients receive clinical benefit, and those who do typically show stable disease rather than significant tumor regressions. The elucidation of the oncogenic functions of mIDH is needed to inform strategies that can more effectively harness mIDH as a therapeutic target. This review will discuss the biology of mIDH iCCA, including roles of mIDH in blocking cell differentiation programs and suppressing antitumor immunity, and the potential relevance of these effects to mIDH1-targeted therapy. We also cover opportunities for synthetic lethal therapeutic interactions that harness the altered cell state provoked by mIDH1 rather than inhibiting the mutant enzyme. Finally, we highlight key outstanding questions in the biology of this fascinating and incompletely understood oncogene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ju Wu
- Cancer CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lei Shi
- Cancer CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joshua Merritt
- Cancer CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Cancer CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Jiahui International Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Cancer CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sahu U, Barth RF, Otani Y, McCormack R, Kaur B. Rat and Mouse Brain Tumor Models for Experimental Neuro-Oncology Research. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:312-329. [PMID: 35446393 PMCID: PMC9113334 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent brain tumor models have been useful for developing effective therapies for glioblastomas (GBMs). In this review, we first discuss the 3 most commonly used rat brain tumor models, the C6, 9L, and F98 gliomas, which are all induced by repeated injections of nitrosourea to adult rats. The C6 glioma arose in an outbred Wistar rat and its potential to evoke an alloimmune response is a serious limitation. The 9L gliosarcoma arose in a Fischer rat and is strongly immunogenic, which must be taken into consideration when using it for therapy studies. The F98 glioma may be the best of the 3 but it does not fully recapitulate human GBMs because it is weakly immunogenic. Next, we discuss a number of mouse models. The first are human patient-derived xenograft gliomas in immunodeficient mice. These have failed to reproduce the tumor-host interactions and microenvironment of human GBMs. Genetically engineered mouse models recapitulate the molecular alterations of GBMs in an immunocompetent environment and “humanized” mouse models repopulate with human immune cells. While the latter are rarely isogenic, expensive to produce, and challenging to use, they represent an important advance. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain tumor models are discussed. This information will assist investigators in selecting the most appropriate model for the specific focus of their research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Sahu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rolf F Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Otani
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan McCormack
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Beiriger J, Habib A, Jovanovich N, Kodavali CV, Edwards L, Amankulor N, Zinn PO. The Subventricular Zone in Glioblastoma: Genesis, Maintenance, and Modeling. Front Oncol 2022; 12:790976. [PMID: 35359410 PMCID: PMC8960165 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.790976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant tumor with a median survival rate of 15-16 months with standard care; however, cases of successful treatment offer hope that an enhanced understanding of the pathology will improve the prognosis. The cell of origin in GBM remains controversial. Recent evidence has implicated stem cells as cells of origin in many cancers. Neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) are being evaluated as potential initiators of GBM tumorigenesis. The NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) have demonstrated similar molecular profiles and share several distinctive characteristics to proliferative glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) in GBM. Genomic and proteomic studies comparing the SVZ and GBM support the hypothesis that the tumor cells and SVZ cells are related. Animal models corroborate this connection, demonstrating migratory patterns from the SVZ to the tumor. Along with laboratory and animal research, clinical studies have demonstrated improved progression-free survival in patients with GBM after radiation to the ipsilateral SVZ. Additionally, key genetic mutations in GBM for the most part carry regulatory roles in the SVZ as well. An exciting avenue towards SVZ modeling and determining its role in gliomagenesis in the human context is human brain organoids. Here we comprehensively discuss and review the role of the SVZ in GBM genesis, maintenance, and modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamison Beiriger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Ahmed Habib
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Nicolina Jovanovich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Chowdari V Kodavali
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Lincoln Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Pascal O Zinn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Armstrong N, Storey CM, Noll SE, Margulis K, Soe MH, Xu H, Yeh B, Fishbein L, Kebebew E, Howitt BE, Zare RN, Sage J, Annes JP. SDHB knockout and succinate accumulation are insufficient for tumorigenesis but dual SDHB/NF1 loss yields SDHx-like pheochromocytomas. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110453. [PMID: 35235785 PMCID: PMC8939053 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited pathogenic succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) gene mutations cause the hereditary pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma tumor syndrome. Syndromic tumors exhibit elevated succinate, an oncometabolite that is proposed to drive tumorigenesis via DNA and histone hypermethylation, mitochondrial expansion, and pseudohypoxia-related gene expression. To interrogate this prevailing model, we disrupt mouse adrenal medulla SDHB expression, which recapitulates several key molecular features of human SDHx tumors, including succinate accumulation but not 5hmC loss, HIF accumulation, or tumorigenesis. By contrast, concomitant SDHB and the neurofibromin 1 tumor suppressor disruption yields SDHx-like pheochromocytomas. Unexpectedly, in vivo depletion of the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dioxygenase cofactor ascorbate reduces SDHB-deficient cell survival, indicating that SDHx loss may be better tolerated by tissues with high antioxidant capacity. Contrary to the prevailing oncometabolite model, succinate accumulation and 2-OG-dependent dioxygenase inhibition are insufficient for mouse pheochromocytoma tumorigenesis, which requires additional growth-regulatory pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neali Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Claire M Storey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Noll
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Myat Han Soe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Fishbein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Department of Surgery and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brooke E Howitt
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Justin P Annes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Endocrine Oncology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H) Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yao K, Liu H, Yu S, Zhu H, Pan J. Resistance to mutant IDH inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Cancer Lett 2022; 533:215603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
38
|
Huang LE. Impact of CDKN2A/B Homozygous Deletion on the Prognosis and Biology of IDH-Mutant Glioma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020246. [PMID: 35203456 PMCID: PMC8869746 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hotspot mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes are associated with favorable clinical outcomes in glioma, CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion has been identified as an independent predicator of poor prognosis. Accordingly, the 2021 edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) has adopted this molecular feature by upgrading IDH-mutant astrocytoma to CNS WHO grade IV, even in the absence of glioblastoma-specific histological features—necrosis and microvascular proliferation. This new entity of IDH-mutant astrocytoma not only signifies an exception to the generally favorable outcome of IDH-mutant glioma, but also brings into question whether, and, if so, how, CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion overrides the anti-tumor activity of IDH mutation by promoting the proliferation of stem/neural progenitor-like cells. Understanding the mechanism by which IDH mutation requires intact tumor-suppressor genes for conferring favorable outcome may improve therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Eric Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sun B, Wang M, Hoerder-Suabedissen A, Xu C, Packer AM, Szele FG. Intravital Imaging of the Murine Subventricular Zone with Three Photon Microscopy. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3057-3067. [PMID: 35029646 PMCID: PMC9290563 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) produces neurons throughout life. It is useful for mechanism discovery and is relevant for regeneration. However, the SVZ is deep, significantly restricting live imaging since current methods do not extend beyond a few hundred microns. We developed and adapted three-photon microscopy (3PM) for non-invasive deep brain imaging in live mice, but its utility in imaging the SVZ niche was unknown. Here, with fluorescent dyes and genetic labeling, we show successful 3PM imaging in the whole SVZ, extending to a maximum depth of 1.5 mm ventral to the dura mater. 3PM imaging distinguished multiple SVZ cell types in postnatal and juvenile mice. We also detected fine processes on neural stem cells interacting with the vasculature. Previous live imaging removed overlying cortical tissue or lowered lenses into the brain, which could cause inflammation and alter neurogenesis. We found that neither astrocytes nor microglia become activated in the SVZ, suggesting 3PM does not induce major damage in the niche. Thus, we show for the first time 3PM imaging of the SVZ in live mice. This strategy could be useful for intravital visualization of cell dynamics, molecular, and pathological perturbation and regenerative events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Adam M Packer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Francis G Szele
- Address correspondence to Adam M. Packer, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK. and Francis G. Szele, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hwang EI, Sayour EJ, Flores CT, Grant G, Wechsler-Reya R, Hoang-Minh LB, Kieran MW, Salcido J, Prins RM, Figg JW, Platten M, Candelario KM, Hale PG, Blatt JE, Governale LS, Okada H, Mitchell DA, Pollack IF. The current landscape of immunotherapy for pediatric brain tumors. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:11-24. [PMID: 35121998 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric central nervous system tumors are the most common solid malignancies in childhood, and aggressive therapy often leads to long-term sequelae in survivors, making these tumors challenging to treat. Immunotherapy has revolutionized prospects for many cancer types in adults, but the intrinsic complexity of treating pediatric patients and the scarcity of clinical studies of children to inform effective approaches have hampered the development of effective immunotherapies in pediatric settings. Here, we review recent advances and ongoing challenges in pediatric brain cancer immunotherapy, as well as considerations for efficient clinical translation of efficacious immunotherapies into pediatric settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene I Hwang
- Division of Oncology, Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Elias J Sayour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine T Flores
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gerald Grant
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Robert Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lan B Hoang-Minh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Robert M Prins
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John W Figg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University and CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kate M Candelario
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul G Hale
- Children's Brain Trust, Coral Springs, FL, USA
| | - Jason E Blatt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lance S Governale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nguyen TTT, Shang E, Westhoff MA, Karpel-Massler G, Siegelin MD. Methodological Approaches for Assessing Metabolomic Changes in Glioblastomas. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2445:305-328. [PMID: 34973000 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2071-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly malignant primary brain tumor, inevitably leads to death. In the last decade, a variety of novel molecular characteristics of GBMs were unraveled. The identification of the mutation in the IDH1 and less commonly IDH2 gene was surprising and ever since has nurtured research in the field of GBM metabolism. While initially thought that mutated IDH1 were to act as a loss of function mutation it became clear that it conferred the production of an oncometabolite that in turn substantially reprograms GBM metabolism. While mutated IDH1 represents truly the tip of the iceberg, there are numerous other related observations in GBM that are of significant interest to the field, including the notion that oxidative metabolism appears to play a more critical role than believed earlier. Metabolic zoning is another important hallmark of GBM since it was found that the infiltrative margin that drives GBM progression reveals enrichment of fatty acid derivatives. Consistently, fatty acid metabolism appears to be a novel therapeutic target for GBM. How metabolism in GBM intersects is another pivotal issue that appears to be important for its progression and response and resistance to therapies. In this review, we will summarize some of the most relevant findings related to GBM metabolism and cell death and how these observations are influencing the field. We will provide current approaches that are applied in the field to measure metabolomic changes in GBM models, including the detection of unlabeled and labeled metabolites as well as extracellular flux analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trang T T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enyuan Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Molenaar RJ, Wilmink JW. IDH1/2 Mutations in Cancer Stem Cells and Their Implications for Differentiation Therapy. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 70:83-97. [PMID: 34967233 PMCID: PMC8721574 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211062499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) are enzymes recurrently mutated in various types of cancer, including glioma, cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, and acute myeloid leukemia. Mutant IDH1/2 induce a block in differentiation and thereby contribute to the stemness and oncogenesis of their cells of origin. Recently, small-molecule inhibitors of mutant IDH1/2 have been Food and Drug Administration-approved for the treatment of IDH1/2-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. These inhibitors decrease the stemness of the targeted IDH1/2-mutated cancer cells and induce their differentiation to more mature cells. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms by which mutant IDH1/2 induce a block in differentiation and the biological and clinical effects of the release into differentiation by mutant-IDH1/2 inhibitors. (J Histochem Cytochem 70:83-97, 2022).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Soares LC, Al-Dalahmah O, Hillis J, Young CC, Asbed I, Sakaguchi M, O’Neill E, Szele FG. Novel Galectin-3 Roles in Neurogenesis, Inflammation and Neurological Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3047. [PMID: 34831271 PMCID: PMC8618878 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional protein that drives inflammation in disease. Gal-3's role in the central nervous system has been less studied than in the immune system. However, recent studies show it exacerbates Alzheimer's disease and is upregulated in a large variety of brain injuries, while loss of Gal-3 function can diminish symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Several novel molecular pathways for Gal-3 were recently uncovered. It is a natural ligand for TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), and IR (insulin receptor). Gal-3 regulates a number of pathways including stimulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and modulating Wnt signalling in a context-dependent manner. Gal-3 typically acts in pathology but is now known to affect subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the healthy brain. Despite its myriad interactors, Gal-3 has surprisingly specific and important functions in regulating SVZ neurogenesis in disease. Gal-1, a similar lectin often co-expressed with Gal-3, also has profound effects on brain pathology and adult neurogenesis. Remarkably, Gal-3's carbohydrate recognition domain bears structural similarity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein necessary for cell entry. Gal-3 can be targeted pharmacologically and is a valid target for several diseases involving brain inflammation. The wealth of molecular pathways now known further suggest its modulation could be therapeutically useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana C. Soares
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; (L.C.S.); (I.A.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
| | - Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - James Hillis
- Massachusets General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Christopher C. Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA;
| | - Isaiah Asbed
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; (L.C.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Masanori Sakaguchi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan;
| | - Eric O’Neill
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
| | - Francis G. Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; (L.C.S.); (I.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Snyder JM, Huang RY, Bai H, Rao VR, Cornes S, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Gutman D, Fasano R, Van Meir EG, Brat D, Eschbacher J, Quackenbush J, Wen PY, Lee JW. Analysis of morphological characteristics of IDH-mutant/wildtype brain tumors using whole-lesion phenotype analysis. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab088. [PMID: 34409295 PMCID: PMC8367280 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although IDH-mutant tumors aggregate to the frontotemporal regions, the clustering pattern of IDH-wildtype tumors is less clear. As voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) has several limitations for solid lesion mapping, a new technique, whole-lesion phenotype analysis (WLPA), is developed. We utilize WLPA to assess spatial clustering of tumors with IDH mutation from The Cancer Genome Atlas and The Cancer Imaging Archive. Methods The degree of tumor clustering segmented from T1 weighted images is measured to every other tumor by a function of lesion similarity to each other via the Hausdorff distance. Each tumor is ranked according to the degree to which its neighboring tumors show identical phenotypes, and through a permutation technique, significant tumors are determined. VLSM was applied through a previously described method. Results A total of 244 patients of mixed-grade gliomas (WHO II-IV) are analyzed, of which 150 were IDH-wildtype and 139 were glioblastomas. VLSM identifies frontal lobe regions that are more likely associated with the presence of IDH mutation but no regions where IDH-wildtype was more likely to be present. WLPA identifies both IDH-mutant and -wildtype tumors exhibit statistically significant spatial clustering. Conclusion WLPA may provide additional statistical power when compared with VLSM without making several potentially erroneous assumptions. WLPA identifies tumors most likely to exhibit particular phenotypes, rather than producing anatomical maps, and may be used in conjunction with VLSM to understand the relationship between tumor morphology and biologically relevant tumor phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Snyder
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Raymond Y Huang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harrison Bai
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Vikram R Rao
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susannah Cornes
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David Gutman
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca Fasano
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Daniel Brat
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jong Woo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang GL, Wang CF, Qian C, Ji YX, Wang YZ. Role and mechanism of neural stem cells of the subventricular zone in glioblastoma. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:877-893. [PMID: 34367482 PMCID: PMC8316865 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most frequently occurring malignant brain tumor in adults, remains mostly untreatable. Because of the heterogeneity of invasive gliomas and drug resistance associated with the tumor microenvironment, the prognosis is poor, and the survival rate of patients is low. Communication between GBMs and non-glioma cells in the tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in tumor growth and recurrence. Emerging data have suggested that neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) are the cells-of-origin of gliomas, and SVZ NSC involvement is associated with the progression and recurrence of GBM. This review highlights the interaction between SVZ NSCs and gliomas, summarizes current findings on the crosstalk between gliomas and other non-glioma cells, and describes the links between SVZ NSCs and gliomas. We also discuss the role and mechanism of SVZ NSCs in glioblastoma, as well as the interventions targeting the SVZ and their therapeutic implications in glioblastoma. Taken together, understanding the biological mechanism of glioma-NSC interactions can lead to new therapeutic strategies for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Long Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuan-Fang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun-Xiang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ye-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Osada Y, Saito R, Miyata S, Shoji T, Shibahara I, Kanamori M, Sonoda Y, Kumabe T, Watanabe M, Tominaga T. Association between IDH mutational status and tumor-associated epilepsy or venous thromboembolism in patients with grade II and III astrocytoma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2021; 38:218-227. [PMID: 34269949 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-021-00406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations were associated with tumor-associated epilepsy (TAE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). We examined the relationship between IDH mutations in grade II/III astrocytomas and TAE/VTE according to the 2016 World Health Organization classification. The clinical data of patients with newly diagnosed grade II/III gliomas who were treated at Tohoku University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2018 were reviewed. Associations between TAE or VTE and the clinical/biological characteristics, histology, and IDH1/2 mutational status in patients with grade II/III gliomas were evaluated. Of the initial 137 patients (290 hospitalizations), 117 patients (203 hospitalizations) were included in the TAE group and 124 patients (213 hospitalizations) were included in the VTE group. Seventy-eight patients (66.7%) in the TAE group were diagnosed with astrocytoma and 38/78 (48.3%) presented with TAE. According to the multivariable analysis, the IDH mutational status and male sex were associated independently with an increased risk of TAE (p < 0.05). Eighty-five patients (68.5%) in the VTE group were diagnosed with astrocytoma. VTE was observed in 16/161 (9.9%) hospitalizations. According to the multivariable analysis, age, diffuse astrocytoma histology, and resection were associated independently with an increased risk of VTE. The decision tree analysis showed that TAE was more frequent in younger patients while VTE was more frequent in older patients. This study demonstrated that the IDH mutational status was associated with TAE but not with VTE. Therefore, a future large-scale study is needed to provide sufficient evidence. TAE was more common in young patients, while VTE was more common in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Osada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Shoji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ichiyo Shibahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kanamori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sonoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Krug B, Harutyunyan AS, Deshmukh S, Jabado N. Polycomb repressive complex 2 in the driver's seat of childhood and young adult brain tumours. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:814-828. [PMID: 34092471 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of the epigenome underlies oncogenesis in numerous primary brain tumours in children and young adults. In this review, we describe how recurrent mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenases or histone 3 variants (oncohistones) in gliomas, expression of the oncohistone mimic enhancer of Zeste homologs inhibiting protein (EZHIP) in a subgroup of ependymoma, and epigenetic alterations in other embryonal tumours promote oncogenicity. We review the proposed mechanisms of cellular transformation, current tumorigenesis models and their link to development. We further stress the narrow developmental windows permissive to their oncogenic potential and how this may stem from converging effects deregulating polycomb repressive complex (PRC)2 function and targets. As altered chromatin states may be reversible, improved understanding of aberrant cancer epigenomes could orient the design of effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Krug
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Shriya Deshmukh
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, H4A 3J, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fakhoury KR, Ney DE, Ormond DR, Rusthoven CG. Immunotherapy and radiation for high-grade glioma: a narrative review. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:2537-2570. [PMID: 35116570 PMCID: PMC8797698 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma and other high-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the most common and deadly primary brain tumors. Due to recent advances in immunotherapy and improved clinical outcomes in other disease sites, the study of immunotherapy in HGG has increased significantly. Herein, we summarize and evaluate existing evidence and ongoing clinical trials investigating the use of immunotherapy in the treatment of HGG, including therapeutic vaccination, immune checkpoint inhibition, adoptive lymphocyte transfer, and combinatorial approaches utilizing radiation and multiple modalities of immunotherapy. Special attention is given to the mechanisms by which radiation may improve immunogenicity in HGG, why this motivates the study of radiation in combination with immunotherapy, and how to determine optimal dosing and scheduling of radiation. Though larger randomized controlled trials have not consistently shown improvements in clinical outcomes, this area of research is still in its early stages and a number of important lessons can be taken away from the studies that have been completed to date. Many studies found a subset of patients who experienced durable responses, and analysis of their immune cells and tumor cells can be used to identify biomarkers that predict therapeutic response, as well as additional glioma-specific targets that can enhance therapeutic efficacy in a challenging tumor type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kareem R. Fakhoury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Douglas E. Ney
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - D. Ryan Ormond
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chad G. Rusthoven
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is structurally similar to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; it can be generated by reducing the ketone group of α-KG to a hydroxyl group. The significant role that 2-HG plays has been certified in the pathophysiology of 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (2HGA), tumors harboring mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2mt), and in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). It is taken as an oncometabolite, raising much attention on its oncogenic mechanism. In recent years, 2-HG has been verified to accumulate in the context of hypoxia or acidic pH, and there are also researches confirming the vital role that 2-HG plays in the fate decision of immune cells. Therefore, 2-HG not only participates in tumorigenesis. This text will also summarize 2-HG’s identities besides being an oncometabolite and will discuss their enlightenment for future research and clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pasca S, Jurj A, Zdrenghea M, Tomuleasa C. The Potential Equivalents of TET2 Mutations. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071499. [PMID: 33805247 PMCID: PMC8036366 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) TET2 mutations have been observed to be mutually exclusive with IDH1, IDH2, and WT1 mutations, all of them showing a similar impact on the transcription profile. Because of this, it is possible that TET2/IDH1/2/WT1 mutated AML could be considered as having similar characteristics between each other. Nonetheless, other genes also interact with TET2 and influence its activity. Because of this, it is possible that other signatures exist that would mimic the effect of TET2 mutations. Thus, in this review, we searched the literature for the genes that were observed to interact with TET2 and classified them in the following manner: transcription alteration, miRs, direct interaction, posttranslational changes, and substrate reduction. Abstract TET2 is a dioxygenase dependent on Fe2+ and α-ketoglutarate which oxidizes 5-methylcytosine (5meC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmeC). TET proteins successively oxidize 5mC to yield 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Among these oxidized methylcytosines, 5fC and 5caC are directly excised by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and ultimately replaced with unmethylated cytosine. Mutations in TET2 have been shown to lead to a hypermethylated state of the genome and to be responsible for the initiation of the oncogenetic process, especially in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. Nonetheless, this was also shown to be the case in other cancers. In AML, TET2 mutations have been observed to be mutually exclusive with IDH1, IDH2, and WT1 mutations, all of them showing a similar impact on the transcription profile of the affected cell. Because of this, it is possible that TET2/IDH1/2/WT1 mutated AML could be considered as having similar characteristics between each other. Nonetheless, other genes also interact with TET2 and influence its effect, thus making it possible that other signatures exist that would mimic the effect of TET2 mutations. Thus, in this review, we searched the literature for the genes that were observed to interact with TET2 and classified them in the following manner: transcription alteration, miRs, direct interaction, posttranslational changes, and substrate reduction. What we propose in the present review is the potential extension of the TET2/IDH1/2/WT1 entity with the addition of certain expression signatures that would be able to induce a similar phenotype with that induced by TET2 mutations. Nonetheless, we recommend that this approach be taken on a disease by disease basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Pasca
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (S.P.); (M.Z.); (C.T.)
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, 400124 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (S.P.); (M.Z.); (C.T.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, 400124 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (S.P.); (M.Z.); (C.T.)
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, 400124 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|