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Dandapath I, Das S, Charan BD, Garg A, Suri A, Kedia S, Sharma MC, Sarkar C, Khonglah Y, Ahmed S, Suri V. Evaluation of KIAA1549::BRAF fusions and clinicopathological insights of pilocytic astrocytomas. Ann Diagn Pathol 2024; 72:152318. [PMID: 38733671 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pilocytic astrocytoma (PAs) represents a significant portion of childhood primary brain tumors, with distinct histological and radiological features. The prevalence of KIAA1549::BRAF fusion in PAs has been well-established, this study aims to assess the prevalence of KIAA1549::BRAF fusions and explore their associations with tumor characteristics, radiological findings, and patient outcomes in PAs. METHODS Histologically confirmed cases of PAs from a 5-year period were included in the study. Demographic, histopathological, and radiological data were collected, and immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize tumor markers. FISH and qRT-PCR assays were employed to detect KIAA1549::BRAF fusions. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine associations between fusion status and various other parameters. RESULTS Histological analysis revealed no significant differences in tumor features based on fusion status. However, younger age groups showed higher fusion prevalence. Radiologically, fusion-positive cases were distributed across different tumor subtypes SE, CWE and NCWE. Survival analysis did not demonstrate a significant impact of fusion status on overall survival, however most cases with recurrence and death harboured KIAA1549::BRAF fusion. Of 200 PAs, KIAA1549::BRAF fusions were detected in 64 % and 74 % of cases via qRT-PCR and FISH, respectively. Concordance between the two platforms was substantial (86 %). CONCLUSION KIAA1549::BRAF fusions are prevalent in PAs and can be reliably detected using both FISH and qRT-PCR assays. Cost considerations suggest qRT-PCR as a more economical option for fusion detection in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dandapath
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumanta Das
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bheru Dan Charan
- Department of Neuroradiology, All, India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Garg
- Department of Neuroradiology, All, India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Kedia
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yookarin Khonglah
- Department of Pathology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Shabnam Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, GNRC Hospitals, Dispur, Assam, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Amayiri N, Obeidat M, Laban DA, Musharbash A, Al-Hussaini M, Maraqa B, Ibrahimi A, Sarhan N, Bouffet E. BRAF/MEK inhibitors use to treat ventriculoperitoneal shunt-associated ascites in pediatric low-grade gliomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e31058. [PMID: 38753385 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Amayiri
- Department of Pediatrics, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mouness Obeidat
- Department of Surgery, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dima Abu Laban
- Department of Diagnostic radiology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Awni Musharbash
- Department of Surgery, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maysa Al-Hussaini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bayan Maraqa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - AhmadKh Ibrahimi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nasim Sarhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Levine AB, Nobre L, Das A, Milos S, Bianchi V, Johnson M, Fernandez NR, Stengs L, Ryall S, Ku M, Rana M, Laxer B, Sheth J, Sbergio SG, Fedoráková I, Ramaswamy V, Bennett J, Siddaway R, Tabori U, Hawkins C. Immuno-oncologic profiling of pediatric brain tumors reveals major clinical significance of the tumor immune microenvironment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5790. [PMID: 38987542 PMCID: PMC11237052 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With the success of immunotherapy in cancer, understanding the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has become increasingly important; however in pediatric brain tumors this remains poorly characterized. Accordingly, we developed a clinical immune-oncology gene expression assay and used it to profile a diverse range of 1382 samples with detailed clinical and molecular annotation. In low-grade gliomas we identify distinct patterns of immune activation with prognostic significance in BRAF V600E-mutant tumors. In high-grade gliomas, we observe immune activation and T-cell infiltrates in tumors that have historically been considered immune cold, as well as genomic correlates of inflammation levels. In mismatch repair deficient high-grade gliomas, we find that high tumor inflammation signature is a significant predictor of response to immune checkpoint inhibition, and demonstrate the potential for multimodal biomarkers to improve treatment stratification. Importantly, while overall patterns of immune activation are observed for histologically and genetically defined tumor types, there is significant variability within each entity, indicating that the TIME must be evaluated as an independent feature from diagnosis. In sum, in addition to the histology and molecular profile, this work underscores the importance of reporting on the TIME as an essential axis of cancer diagnosis in the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B Levine
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clinician Investigator Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liana Nobre
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anirban Das
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Division of Haematology Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott Milos
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Bianchi
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Monique Johnson
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas R Fernandez
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lucie Stengs
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott Ryall
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Ku
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mansuba Rana
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Laxer
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Javal Sheth
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefanie-Grace Sbergio
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ivana Fedoráková
- Clinic of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Division of Haematology Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Bennett
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Division of Haematology Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Siddaway
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Division of Haematology Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Kudus K, Wagner M, Ertl-Wagner BB, Khalvati F. Applications of machine learning to MR imaging of pediatric low-grade gliomas. Childs Nerv Syst 2024:10.1007/s00381-024-06522-5. [PMID: 38972953 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Machine learning (ML) shows promise for the automation of routine tasks related to the treatment of pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) such as tumor grading, typing, and segmentation. Moreover, it has been shown that ML can identify crucial information from medical images that is otherwise currently unattainable. For example, ML appears to be capable of preoperatively identifying the underlying genetic status of pLGG. METHODS In this chapter, we reviewed, to the best of our knowledge, all published works that have used ML techniques for the imaging-based evaluation of pLGGs. Additionally, we aimed to provide some context on what it will take to go from the exploratory studies we reviewed to clinically deployed models. RESULTS Multiple studies have demonstrated that ML can accurately grade, type, and segment and detect the genetic status of pLGGs. We compared the approaches used between the different studies and observed a high degree of variability throughout the methodologies. Standardization and cooperation between the numerous groups working on these approaches will be key to accelerating the clinical deployment of these models. CONCLUSION The studies reviewed in this chapter detail the potential for ML techniques to transform the treatment of pLGG. However, there are still challenges that need to be overcome prior to clinical deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Kudus
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Betina Ertl-Wagner
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Farzad Khalvati
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Moreira DC, Qaddoumi I, Spiller S, Bouldin TW, Davidson A, Saba-Silva N, Sullivan DV, Tanaka R, Wagner AS, Wood M, Klimo P, Job G, Devidas M, Li X, Gajjar A, Robinson GW, Chiang J. Comprehensive analysis of MYB/MYBL1-altered pediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:1327-1334. [PMID: 38466086 PMCID: PMC11226882 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas (pLGG) harboring recurrent genetic alterations involving MYB or MYBL1 are closely related tumors. Detailed treatment and outcome data of large cohorts are still limited. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate pLGG with these alterations to define optimal therapeutic strategies. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed details of pLGG with MYB or MYBL1 alterations from patients treated or referred for pathologic review at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Tumor specimens were centrally reviewed, and clinical data were collated. RESULTS Thirty-three patients (18 male; median age, 5 years) were identified. Two tumors had MYBL1 alterations; 31 had MYB alterations, MYB::QKI fusion being the most common (n = 10, 30%). Most tumors were in the cerebral hemispheres (n = 22, 67%). Two patients (6%) had metastasis at diagnosis. The median follow-up was 6.1 years. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was 81.3% ± 8.3%; the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 96.4% ± 4.1%. Patients receiving a near-total or gross-total resection had a 5-year EFS of 100%; those receiving a biopsy or subtotal resection had a 5-year EFS rate of 56.6% ± 15.2% (P < .01). No difference in EFS was observed based on location, histology, or molecular alterations. However, the tumors that progressed or metastasized may have distinct methylation profiles with evidence of activation of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. CONCLUSIONS pLGG with MYB/MYBL1 alterations have good outcomes. Our findings suggest that surgical resectability is a crucial determinant of EFS. Further characterization is required to identify optimal treatment strategies for progressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Moreira
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ibrahim Qaddoumi
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan Spiller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas W Bouldin
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alan Davidson
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nasjla Saba-Silva
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com Câncer (GRAACC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel V Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ryuma Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aaron S Wagner
- Department of Pathology, Orlando Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew Wood
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Paul Klimo
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Godwin Job
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meenakshi Devidas
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Giles W Robinson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jason Chiang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Dhillon S. Tovorafenib: First Approval. Drugs 2024:10.1007/s40265-024-02069-6. [PMID: 38967715 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Tovorafenib (OJEMDA™) is a once-weekly oral, selective, brain-penetrant, type II RAF kinase inhibitor being developed by Day One Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., under a license from Takeda Oncology, for the treatment of paediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) and solid tumours. Most pLGGs harbour alterations in the MAPK pathway, such as a BRAF mutation or BRAF fusion, which result in aberrant intracellular signalling. Tovorafenib is an inhibitor of mutant BRAF V600E, wild-type BRAF and wild-type CRAF kinases and BRAF fusions. In April 2024, tovorafenib received its first approval in the USA for the treatment of patients aged ≥ 6 months with relapsed or refractory pLGGs harbouring a BRAF fusion or rearrangement, or BRAF V600 mutation. It received accelerated approval for this indication based on the response rate and duration of response achieved in this population in the ongoing, pivotal, phase 2 FIREFLY-1 study. Clinical development of tovorafenib is underway in numerous countries worldwide. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of tovorafenib leading to this first approval for relapsed or refractory pLGG with an activating BRAF alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohita Dhillon
- Springer Nature, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.
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7
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Biswas A, Rao HR, Wagner MW. Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas. Childs Nerv Syst 2024:10.1007/s00381-024-06500-x. [PMID: 38926169 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization's 5th edition classification of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors differentiates diffuse gliomas into adult and pediatric variants. Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas (pDLGGs) are distinct from adult gliomas in their molecular characteristics, biological behavior, clinical progression, and prognosis. Various molecular alterations identified in pDLGGs are crucial for treatment. There are four distinct entities of pDLGGs. All four of these tumor subtypes exhibit diffuse growth and share overlapping histopathological and imaging characteristics. Molecular analysis is essential for differentiating these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asthik Biswas
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Harini R Rao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthias W Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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Papusha L, Zaytseva M, Senchenko M, Sanakoeva A, Panferova A, Sharanda T, Vilesova I, Tarakanova A, Salnikova E, Usman N, Artemov A, Karachunskiy A, Maschan A, Hwang E, Packer RJ, Novichkova G, Druy A. Cabozantinib in children with recurrent diffuse gliomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024:e31149. [PMID: 38884269 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Papusha
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita Zaytseva
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Senchenko
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Agunda Sanakoeva
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Agnesa Panferova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Irina Vilesova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Tarakanova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Salnikova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Usman
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Artemov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Karachunskiy
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Maschan
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Hwang
- Division of Oncology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Roger J Packer
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Galina Novichkova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Druy
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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9
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Soldatelli MD, Namdar K, Tabori U, Hawkins C, Yeom K, Khalvati F, Ertl-Wagner BB, Wagner MW. Identification of Multiclass Pediatric Low-Grade Neuroepithelial Tumor Molecular Subtype with ADC MR Imaging and Machine Learning. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2024; 45:753-760. [PMID: 38604736 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Molecular biomarker identification increasingly influences the treatment planning of pediatric low-grade neuroepithelial tumors (PLGNTs). We aimed to develop and validate a radiomics-based ADC signature predictive of the molecular status of PLGNTs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective bi-institutional study, we searched the PACS for baseline brain MRIs from children with PLGNTs. Semiautomated tumor segmentation on ADC maps was performed using the semiautomated level tracing effect tool with 3D Slicer. Clinical variables, including age, sex, and tumor location, were collected from chart review. The molecular status of tumors was derived from biopsy. Multiclass random forests were used to predict the molecular status and fine-tuned using a grid search on the validation sets. Models were evaluated using independent and unseen test sets based on the combined data, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated for the prediction of 3 classes: KIAA1549-BRAF fusion, BRAF V600E mutation, and non-BRAF cohorts. Experiments were repeated 100 times using different random data splits and model initializations to ensure reproducible results. RESULTS Two hundred ninety-nine children from the first institution and 23 children from the second institution were included (53.6% male; mean, age 8.01 years; 51.8% supratentorial; 52.2% with KIAA1549-BRAF fusion). For the 3-class prediction using radiomics features only, the average test AUC was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.73-0.75), and using clinical features only, the average test AUC was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.66-0.68). The combination of both radiomics and clinical features improved the AUC to 0.77 (95% CI, 0.75-0.77). The diagnostic performance of the per-class test AUC was higher in identifying KIAA1549-BRAF fusion tumors among the other subgroups (AUC = 0.81 for the combined radiomics and clinical features versus 0.75 and 0.74 for BRAF V600E mutation and non-BRAF, respectively). CONCLUSIONS ADC values of tumor segmentations have differentiative signals that can be used for training machine learning classifiers for molecular biomarker identification of PLGNTs. ADC-based pretherapeutic differentiation of the BRAF status of PLGNTs has the potential to avoid invasive tumor biopsy and enable earlier initiation of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus D Soldatelli
- From the Department Diagnostic Imaging (M.D.S., B.B.E.-W., M.W.W.), Division of Neuroradiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging (M.D.S., K.N., F.K., B.B.E.-W., M.W.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (M.D.S., K.N., U.T., F.K., B.B.E.-W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khashayar Namdar
- Department of Medical Imaging (M.D.S., K.N., F.K., B.B.E.-W., M.W.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (M.D.S., K.N., U.T., F.K., B.B.E.-W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute (K.N., F.K.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Institute of Medical Science (M.D.S., K.N., U.T., F.K., B.B.E.-W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre (U.T., C.H.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (U.T.) The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre (U.T., C.H.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (C.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pathology (C.H.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristen Yeom
- Department of Radiology (K.Y.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Farzad Khalvati
- Department of Medical Imaging (M.D.S., K.N., F.K., B.B.E.-W., M.W.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (M.D.S., K.N., U.T., F.K., B.B.E.-W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute (K.N., F.K.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Computer Science (F.K.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Birgit B Ertl-Wagner
- From the Department Diagnostic Imaging (M.D.S., B.B.E.-W., M.W.W.), Division of Neuroradiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging (M.D.S., K.N., F.K., B.B.E.-W., M.W.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (M.D.S., K.N., U.T., F.K., B.B.E.-W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthias W Wagner
- From the Department Diagnostic Imaging (M.D.S., B.B.E.-W., M.W.W.), Division of Neuroradiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging (M.D.S., K.N., F.K., B.B.E.-W., M.W.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (M.W.W.), University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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10
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Joh-Carnella N, Bauman G, Yock TI, Zelcer S, Youkhanna S, Cacciotti C. Case report: Pediatric low-grade gliomas: a fine balance between treatment options, timing of therapy, symptom management and quality of life. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1366251. [PMID: 38912055 PMCID: PMC11190070 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1366251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) are the most common brain tumor in children and encompass a wide range of histologies. Treatment may pose challenges, especially in those incompletely resected or those with multiple recurrence or progression. Case description We report the clinical course of a girl diagnosed with pilocytic astrocytoma and profound hydrocephalus at age 12 years treated with subtotal resection, vinblastine chemotherapy, and focal proton radiotherapy. After radiotherapy the tumor increased in enhancement temporarily with subsequent resolution consistent with pseudoprogression. Despite improvement in imaging and radiographic local control, the patient continues to have challenges with headaches, visual and auditory concerns, stroke-like symptoms, and poor quality of life. Conclusion pLGG have excellent long-term survival; thus, treatments should focus on maintaining disease control and limiting long-term toxicities. Various treatment options exist including surgery, chemotherapy, targeted agents, and radiation therapy. Given the morbidity associated with pLGG, individualized treatment approaches are necessary, with a multi-disciplinary approach to care focused on minimizing treatment side effects, and promoting optimal quality of life for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glenn Bauman
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre & Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Torunn I. Yock
- Department of Pediatric Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shayna Zelcer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre & Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sabin Youkhanna
- Department Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Chantel Cacciotti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre & Western University, London, ON, Canada
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11
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Chen Y, Yu J, Ge S, Jia R, Song X, Wang Y, Fan X. An Overview of Optic Pathway Glioma With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Strategies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:8. [PMID: 38837168 PMCID: PMC11160950 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are most predominant pilocytic astrocytomas, which are typically diagnosed within the first decade of life. The majority of affected children with OPGs also present with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), the most common tumor predisposition syndrome. OPGs in individuals with NF1 primarily affect the optic pathway and lead to visual disturbance. However, it is challenging to assess risk in asymptomatic patients without valid biomarkers. On the other hand, for symptomatic patients, there is still no effective treatment to prevent or recover vision loss. Therefore, this review summarizes current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of NF1-associated OPGs (NF1-OPGs) from preclinical studies to seek potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. First, the loss of the NF1 gene activates 3 distinct Ras effector pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, the MEK/ERK pathway, and the cAMP pathway, which mediate glioma tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, non-neoplastic cells from the tumor microenvironment (microglia, T cells, neurons, etc.) also contribute to gliomagenesis via various soluble factors. Subsequently, we investigated potential genetic risk factors, molecularly targeted therapies, and neuroprotective strategies for tumor prevention and vision recovery. Last, potential directions and promising preclinical models of NF1-OPGs are presented for further research. On the whole, NF1-OPGs develop as a result of the interaction between glioma cells and the tumor microenvironment. Developing effective treatments require a better understanding of tumor molecular characteristics, as well as multistage interventions targeting both neoplastic cells and non-neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yefei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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12
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Obdeijn IV, Wiegers EC, Alic L, Plasschaert SLA, Kranendonk MEG, Hoogduin HM, Klomp DWJ, Wijnen JP, Lequin MH. Amide proton transfer weighted imaging in pediatric neuro-oncology: initial experience. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5122. [PMID: 38369653 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) imaging enables in vivo assessment of tissue-bound mobile proteins and peptides through the detection of chemical exchange saturation transfer. Promising applications of APTw imaging have been shown in adult brain tumors. As pediatric brain tumors differ from their adult counterparts, we investigate the radiological appearance of pediatric brain tumors on APTw imaging. APTw imaging was conducted at 3 T. APTw maps were calculated using magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry at 3.5 ppm. First, the repeatability of APTw imaging was assessed in a phantom and in five healthy volunteers by calculating the within-subject coefficient of variation (wCV). APTw images of pediatric brain tumor patients were analyzed retrospectively. APTw levels were compared between solid tumor tissue and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and between pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) and pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) using t-tests. APTw maps were repeatable in supratentorial and infratentorial brain regions (wCV ranged from 11% to 39%), except those from the pontine region (wCV between 39% and 50%). APTw images of 23 children with brain tumor were analyzed (mean age 12 years ± 5, 12 male). Significantly higher APTw values are present in tumor compared with NAWM for both pHGG and pLGG (p < 0.05). APTw values were higher in pLGG subtype pilocytic astrocytoma compared with other pLGG subtypes (p < 0.05). Non-invasive characterization of pediatric brain tumor biology with APTw imaging could aid the radiologist in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris V Obdeijn
- Center for Image Sciences, High Field MR Research Group, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evita C Wiegers
- Center for Image Sciences, High Field MR Research Group, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lejla Alic
- Magnetic Detection and Imaging Group, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine L A Plasschaert
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte E G Kranendonk
- Department of Diagnostic Laboratory, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M Hoogduin
- Center for Image Sciences, High Field MR Research Group, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Center for Image Sciences, High Field MR Research Group, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie P Wijnen
- Center for Image Sciences, High Field MR Research Group, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten H Lequin
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Papusha L, Zaytseva M, Panferova A, Salnikova E, Samarin A, Vilesova I, Voronin K, Protsvetkina A, Podlipaeva S, Zakharov I, Usman N, Hwang E, Karachunskiy A, Packer RJ, Novichkova G, Druy A. Midline Low-Grade Gliomas of Early Childhood: Focus on Targeted Therapies. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300590. [PMID: 38976815 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Midline low-grade gliomas (mLGGs) of early childhood have a poorer prognosis compared with tumors of other localizations and in older patients. LGGs are associated with aberrant activation of RAS-RAF-MEK pathway, and pharmacological inhibition of the pathway has therapeutic promise. The aim of this study was clinical and molecular characterization of infantile mLGGs, with emphasis on the efficacy of targeted kinase inhibition. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study enrolled 40 patients with mLGG age <3 years. The majority of the patients (30/40) received first-line chemotherapy (CT) as per International Society of Paediatric Oncology LGG 2004 guidelines. In all patients, molecular genetic investigation of tumor tissue by polymerase chain reaction and RNA sequencing was performed. The median follow-up was 3.5 years. RESULTS First-line CT failed in 24 of 30 recipients. The identified molecular profiles included KIAA1549::BRAF fusions in 26 patients, BRAF V600E in six patients, FGFR1::TACC1 fusions in two patients, and rare fusion transcripts in four patients. At disease progression, targeted therapy (TT) was initiated in 27 patients (22 patients received trametinib) on the basis of molecular findings. TT was administered for a median of 16 months, with partial response achieved in 12 of 26 (46%) patients in which response was evaluated. Severe adverse events were detected only on trametinib monotherapy: acute damage of GI or urinary mucosa complicated by hemorrhage and development of transfusion-dependent anemia in four patients and grade 3 skin toxicity in three patients. CONCLUSION mLGGs of early childhood are often aggressive tumors, resistant to CT, and frequently require alternative treatment. The majority of patients harbor druggable molecular targets and respond to molecular TT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Papusha
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita Zaytseva
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Agnesa Panferova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Salnikova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Samarin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Vilesova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Voronin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Protsvetkina
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ilya Zakharov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Usman
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Hwang
- Division of Oncology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Alexander Karachunskiy
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roger J Packer
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Galina Novichkova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Druy
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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14
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Schaff LR, Ioannou M, Geurts M, van den Bent MJ, Mellinghoff IK, Schreck KC. State of the Art in Low-Grade Glioma Management: Insights From Isocitrate Dehydrogenase and Beyond. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e431450. [PMID: 38723228 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_431450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Low-grade gliomas present a formidable challenge in neuro-oncology because of the challenges imposed by the blood-brain barrier, predilection for the young adult population, and propensity for recurrence. In the past two decades, the systematic examination of genomic alterations in adults and children with primary brain tumors has uncovered profound new insights into the pathogenesis of these tumors, resulting in more accurate tumor classification and prognostication. It also identified several common recurrent genomic alterations that now define specific brain tumor subtypes and have provided a new opportunity for molecularly targeted therapeutic intervention. Adult-type diffuse low-grade gliomas are frequently associated with mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), resulting in production of 2-hydroxyglutarate, an oncometabolite important for tumorigenesis. Recent studies of IDH inhibitors have yielded promising results in patients at early stages of disease with prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and delayed time to radiation and chemotherapy. Pediatric-type gliomas have high rates of alterations in BRAF, including BRAF V600E point mutations or BRAF-KIAA1549 rearrangements. BRAF inhibitors, often combined with MEK inhibitors, have resulted in radiographic response and improved PFS in these patients. This article reviews emerging approaches to the treatment of low-grade gliomas, including a discussion of targeted therapies and how they integrate with the current treatment modalities of surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Schaff
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Maria Ioannou
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marjolein Geurts
- Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Karisa C Schreck
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Departments of Neurology and Oncology, Baltimore, MD
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15
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Vo KT, Sabnis AJ, Williams PM, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Patton DR, Coffey B, Reid JM, Piao J, Saguilig L, Alonzo TA, Berg SL, Jaju A, Fox E, Weigel BJ, Hawkins DS, Mooney MM, Takebe N, Tricoli JV, Janeway KA, Seibel NL, Parsons DW. Phase II Study of Ulixertinib in Children and Young Adults With Tumors Harboring Activating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Alterations: APEC1621J of the National Cancer Institute-Children's Oncology Group Pediatric MATCH Trial. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2400103. [PMID: 38935895 DOI: 10.1200/po.24.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The National Cancer Institute-Children's Oncology Group (NCI-COG) Pediatric MATCH trial assigns patients age 1-21 years with refractory malignancies to phase II treatment arms of molecularly targeted therapies on the basis of genetic alterations detected in their tumor. Patients with activating alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway were treated with ulixertinib, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 inhibitor. METHODS As there were no previous pediatric data, ulixertinib was initially tested in a dose escalation cohort to establish the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) before proceeding to the phase II cohort. Ulixertinib was administered at 260 mg/m2/dose orally twice a day (dose level 1 [DL1], n = 15) or 350 mg/m2/dose orally twice a day (DL2, n = 5). The primary end point was objective response rate; secondary end points included safety/tolerability and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Twenty patients (median 12 years; range, 5-20) were treated, all evaluable for response. CNS tumors comprised 55% (11/20) of diagnoses, with high-grade glioma and low-grade glioma most common (n = 5 each). All CNS tumors except one harbored BRAF fusions or V600E mutations. Rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 5) was the most frequent non-CNS diagnosis. DL1 was declared the RP2D in the dose escalation cohort after dose-limiting toxicities in Cycle 1 occurred in 1/6 patients at DL1 and 2/5 patients at DL2, including fatigue, anorexia, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, hypoalbuminemia, and hypernatremia. No objective responses were observed. Six-month PFS was 37% (95% CI, 17 to 58). Three patients with BRAF-altered CNS tumors achieved stable disease >6 months. CONCLUSION Ulixertinib, a novel targeted agent with no previous pediatric data, was successfully evaluated in a national precision medicine basket trial. The pediatric RP2D of ulixertinib is 260 mg/m2/dose orally twice a day. Limited single-agent efficacy was observed in a biomarker-selected cohort of refractory pediatric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieuhoa T Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Amit J Sabnis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - David R Patton
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brent Coffey
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Jin Piao
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Todd A Alonzo
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stacey L Berg
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alok Jaju
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Brenda J Weigel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Douglas S Hawkins
- Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Margaret M Mooney
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - James V Tricoli
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Nita L Seibel
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - D Williams Parsons
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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16
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Sathyakumar S, Martinez M, Perreault S, Legault G, Bouffet E, Jabado N, Larouche V, Renzi S. Advances in pediatric gliomas: from molecular characterization to personalized treatments. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:2549-2562. [PMID: 38558313 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric gliomas, consisting of both pediatric low-grade (pLGG) and high-grade gliomas (pHGG), are the most frequently occurring brain tumors in children. Over the last decade, several milestone advancements in treatments have been achieved as a result of stronger understanding of the molecular biology behind these tumors. This review provides an overview of pLGG and pHGG highlighting their clinical presentation, molecular characteristics, and latest advancements in therapeutic treatments. Conclusion: The increasing understanding of the molecular biology characterizing pediatric low and high grade gliomas has revolutionized treatment options for these patients, especially in pLGG. The implementation of next generation sequencing techniques for these tumors is crucial in obtaining less toxic and more efficacious treatments. What is Known: • Pediatric Gliomas are the most common brain tumour in children. They are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in this population. What is New: • Over the last two decades, there has been a significant increase in our global understanding of the molecular background of pediatric low and high grade gliomas. • The implementation of next generation sequencing techniques for these tumors is crucial in obtaining less toxic and more efficacious treatments, with the ultimate goal of improving both the survival and the quality of life of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Martinez
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sébastien Perreault
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Legault
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital - McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Larouche
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard, Laurier, G1V 4G2, Québec, Canada
| | - Samuele Renzi
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard, Laurier, G1V 4G2, Québec, Canada.
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17
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Roberto K, Keith J, Levine A, Pirouzmand F, Soliman H, Lim-Fat MJ. MEK Inhibition in a Pilocytic Astrocytoma With a Rare KRAS Q61R Mutation in a Young Adult Patient: A Case Report. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2400174. [PMID: 38905571 DOI: 10.1200/po.24.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This case illustrates the utility and impact of molecular testing and molecular tumor board discussion in the management of AYA patients with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Roberto
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Keith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Levine
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farhad Pirouzmand
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hany Soliman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Jane Lim-Fat
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Sigaud R, Brummer T, Kocher D, Milde T, Selt F. MOST wanted: navigating the MAPK-OIS-SASP-tumor microenvironment axis in primary pediatric low-grade glioma and preclinical models. Childs Nerv Syst 2024:10.1007/s00381-024-06463-z. [PMID: 38789691 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG)-the most prevalent brain tumor in children-is essential for the identification and evaluation of novel effective treatments. This review explores the intricate relationship between the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and the tumor microenvironment (TME), integrating these elements into a unified framework termed the MAPK/OIS/SASP/TME (MOST) axis. This integrated approach seeks to deepen our understanding of pLGG and improve therapeutic interventions by examining the MOST axis' critical influence on tumor biology and response to treatment. In this review, we assess the axis' capacity to integrate various biological processes, highlighting new targets for pLGG treatment, and the need for characterized in vitro and in vivo preclinical models recapitulating pLGG's complexity to test targets. The review underscores the need for a comprehensive strategy in pLGG research, positioning the MOST axis as a pivotal approach in understanding pLGG. This comprehensive framework will open promising avenues for patient care and guide future research towards inventive treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Sigaud
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute, of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Kocher
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Selt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Baticulon RE, Wittayanakorn N, Maixner W. Low-grade glioma of the temporal lobe and tumor-related epilepsy in children. Childs Nerv Syst 2024:10.1007/s00381-024-06468-8. [PMID: 38789690 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low-grade glioma is the most common brain tumor among children and adolescents. When these tumors arise in the temporal lobe, patients frequently present with seizures that are poorly controlled with antiepileptic drugs. Here we summarize the clinical features, pathophysiology, preoperative evaluation, surgical treatment, and outcomes of pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas in the temporal lobe. METHODS We reviewed the literature on pediatric low-grade gliomas in the temporal lobe, focusing on cohort studies and systematic reviews that described surgical treatment strategies and reported both oncologic and epilepsy outcomes. RESULTS The differential diagnoses of pediatric low-grade gliomas in the temporal lobe include ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma, papillary glioneuronal tumor, pilocytic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, angiocentric glioma, and polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young. There is no consensus on the optimal surgical approach for these tumors: lesionectomy alone, or extended lesionectomy with anterior temporal lobectomy, with or without removal of mesial temporal structures. Gross total resection and shorter preoperative duration of epilepsy are strongly associated with favorable seizure outcomes, defined as Engel Class I or Class II, approaching 90% in most series. The risk of surgical complications ranges from 4 to 17%, outweighing the lifetime risks of medically refractory epilepsy. CONCLUSION Pediatric patients with temporal low-grade glioma and tumor-related epilepsy are best managed by a multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery team. Early and appropriate surgery leads to prolonged survival and a greater likelihood of seizure freedom, improving their overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie E Baticulon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
| | - Nunthasiri Wittayanakorn
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wirginia Maixner
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Castellano-Damaso S, Vazquez-Gomez F, Moreno-Carrasco JL, Arce B, Borrego P, Lassaletta A. Continuous response despite reduced dose of trametinib as single agent in an adolescent with a relapsed disseminated pediatric low-grade glioma KIAA1549-BRAF fusion positive: a case report and review of the literature. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1381354. [PMID: 38846974 PMCID: PMC11153656 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1381354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissemination in pediatric low-grade glioma may occur in about 4%-10% of patients according to retrospective cohort studies. Due to its low incidence, there is no consensus on treatment for these patients. According to the constitutional activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in these tumors, MEK inhibitors such as trametinib have been used successfully in the relapsed setting. Skin toxicity is frequent in patients receiving trametinib, normally mild to moderate, but sometimes severe, needing to discontinue the drug, limiting the efficacy in the tumor. There is not much information in the literature regarding whether reducing the dose of trametinib is able to maintain efficacy while, at the same time, decreasing toxicity. Here, we present an adolescent, with severe skin toxicity, whose trametinib dose was reduced by 50% and efficacy on the tumor continued while skin toxicity significantly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felisa Vazquez-Gomez
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Begoña Arce
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Borrego
- Radiology Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Lassaletta
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Vizcaino MA, Giannini C, Lalich D, Nael A, Jenkins RB, Tran Q, Orr BA, Abdullaev Z, Aldape K, Vaubel RA. Ganglioglioma with anaplastic/high-grade transformation: Histopathologic, molecular, and epigenetic characterization of 3 cases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:416-424. [PMID: 38699943 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ganglioglioma (GG) with anaplasia (anaplastic ganglioglioma) is a rare and controversial diagnosis. When present, anaplasia involves the glial component of the tumor, either at presentation or at recurrence. To date, most published cases lack molecular characterization. We describe the histologic and molecular features of 3 patients presenting with BRAF p. V600E-mutant GG (CNS WHO grade 1) with high-grade glial transformation at recurrence. The tumors occurred in pediatric patients (age 9-16 years) with time to recurrence from 20 months to 7 years. At presentation, each tumor was low-grade, with a BRAFV600E-positive ganglion cell component and a glial component resembling pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) or fibrillary astrocytoma. At recurrence, tumors resembled anaplastic PXA or high-grade astrocytomas without neuronal differentiation. CDKN2A homozygous deletion (HD) was absent in all primary tumors. At recurrence, 2 cases acquired CDKN2A HD; the third case showed loss of p16 and MTAP immunoexpression, but no CDKN2A/B HD or mutation was identified. By DNA methylation profiling, all primary and recurrent tumors either grouped or definitely matched to different methylation classes. Our findings indicate that malignant progression of the glial component can occur in GG and suggest that CDKN2A/B inactivation plays a significant role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adelita Vizcaino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Lalich
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Dole VA Medical Center and Wesley Healthcare Center, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Ali Nael
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Orange County and University of California Irvine, Orange County, California, USA
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Quynh Tran
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brent A Orr
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute/Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute/Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachael A Vaubel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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22
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Duan Z, Feng J, Guan Y, Li S, Wu B, Shao Y, Ma Z, Hu Z, Xiang L, Zhu M, Fan X, Qi X. Enrichment of oligodendrocyte precursor phenotypes in subsets of low-grade glioneuronal tumours. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae156. [PMID: 38764775 PMCID: PMC11099663 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Current histological classification of low-grade glioneuronal tumours does not adequately represent their underlying biology. The neural lineage(s) and differentiation stage(s) involved and the cell state(s) affected by the recurrent genomic alterations are unclear. Here, we describe dysregulated oligodendrocyte lineage developmental programmes in three low-grade glioneuronal tumour subtypes. Ten dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours, four myxoid glioneuronal tumours and five rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours were collected. Besides a comprehensive characterization of clinical features, known diagnostic markers and genomic alterations, we used comprehensive immunohistochemical stainings to characterize activation of rat sarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, involvement of neuronal component, resemblance to glial lineages and differentiation blockage along the stages of oligodendrocyte lineage. The findings were further complemented by gene set enrichment analysis with transcriptome data of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours from the literature. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours, myxoid glioneuronal tumours and rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours occur at different ages, with symptoms closely related to tumour location. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours and myxoid glioneuronal tumours contain oligodendrocyte-like cells and neuronal component. Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours contained regions of rosette-forming neurocytic and astrocytic features. Scattered neurons, identified by neuronal nuclei antigen and microtubule-associated protein-2 staining, were consistently observed in all dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours and myxoid glioneuronal tumours examined, but only in one rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour. Pervasive neurofilament-positive axons were observed only in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour and myxoid glioneuronal tumour samples. Alterations in B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha occurred in a mutually exclusive manner, coinciding with strong staining of phospho-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and low apoptotic signal. All dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours, myxoid glioneuronal tumours and the neurocytic regions of rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours showed strong expression of neuron-glia antigen 2, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (markers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells) and neurite outgrowth inhibitor-A (a marker of developing oligodendrocytes), but lacked the expression of oligodendrocyte markers ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 6 and myelin basic protein. Notably, transcriptomes of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours were enriched in oligodendrocyte precursor cell signature, but not in signatures of neural stem cells, myelinating oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour, myxoid glioneuronal tumour and rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour resemble oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and their enrichment of oligodendrocyte precursor cell phenotypes is closely associated with the recurrent mutations in rat sarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Duan
- Department of Pathology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Pathology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuguang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shouwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Nanjing Geneseq Technology Inc., Nanjing 211899, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhong Ma
- Department of Pathology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zejuan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mingwang Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Department of Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xueling Qi
- Department of Pathology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
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23
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Balogun JA, Udayakumaran S, Collange NZ. Surgical treatment of pediatric low-grade glioma in developing countries. Childs Nerv Syst 2024:10.1007/s00381-024-06448-y. [PMID: 38709257 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric low-grade gliomas constitute the most common brain tumors worldwide, though with some peculiarities in the presentation and surgical care in different parts of the world. The symptomatology in developing countries is likely to be over longer periods with a tendency to delayed diagnosis due to cultural, religious beliefs, manpower, and infrastructural deficits. Thus, the children present with large tumors with attendant morbidities and an increased risk of mortalities from surgery. Surgery is mainly by "general" neurosurgeons due to the paucity of trained pediatric neurosurgeons. The pre-operative imaging may be limited to anatomic MR imaging, and in some cases, CT scans, without expansive neuropsychological evaluation. The armamentarium available to the neurosurgeon may warrant large openings to access the tumor, and there may be limited possibility for intra-operative mapping of "eloquent" brain functions when this is deemed necessary. Complicating pre-operative acute hydrocephalus can result in two operations that further worsen the catastrophic spending associated with brain tumor surgeries in these climes. While these challenges appear daunting but certainly have not been enough to deter the "can do" spirit of neurosurgeons in developing countries, it is essential to strengthen the training of pediatric neurosurgeons in LMICs and provide a platform for the advocacy of better infrastructure for the surgical management of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Balogun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, No 1 Queen Elizabeth Road, Mokola, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Suhas Udayakumaran
- Division of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, India
| | - Nelci Z Collange
- Centro de Neurocirurgia Pediátrica (CENEPE), Pediatric Neurosurgical Center, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Gilani A, Mushtaq N, Shakir M, Altaf A, Siddiq Z, Bouffet E, Tabori U, Hawkins C, Minhas K. Pediatric neuropathology practice in a low- and middle-income country: capacity building through institutional twinning. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1328374. [PMID: 38764578 PMCID: PMC11102046 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1328374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate and precise diagnosis is central to treating central nervous system (CNS) tumors, yet tissue diagnosis is often a neglected focus in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Since 2016, the WHO classification of CNS tumors has increasingly incorporated molecular biomarkers into the diagnosis of CNS tumors. While this shift to precision diagnostics promises a high degree of diagnostic accuracy and prognostic precision, it has also resulted in increasing divergence in diagnostic and management practices between LMICs and high-income countries (HICs). Pathologists and laboratory professionals in LMICs lack the proper training and tools to join the molecular diagnostic revolution. We describe the impact of a 7-year long twinning program between Canada and Pakistan on pathology services. Methods During the study period, 141 challenging cases of pediatric CNS tumors initially diagnosed at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, were sent to the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada (SickKids), for a second opinion. Each case received histologic review and often immunohistochemical staining and relevant molecular testing. A monthly multidisciplinary online tumor board (MDTB) was conducted to discuss the results with pathologists from both institutions in attendance. Results Diagnostic discordance was seen in 30 cases. Expert review provided subclassification for 53 cases most notably for diffuse gliomas and medulloblastoma. Poorly differentiated tumors benefited the most from second review, mainly because of the resolving power of specialized immunohistochemical stains, NanoString, and targeted gene panel next-generation sequencing. Collaboration with expert neuropathologists led to validation of over half a dozen immunostains at AKUH facilitating diagnosis of CNS tumors. Conclusions LMIC-HIC Institutional twinning provides much-needed training and mentorship to pathologists and can help in infrastructure development by adopting and validating new immunohistochemical stains. Persistent unresolved cases indicate that molecular techniques are indispensable in for diagnosis in a minority of cases. The development of affordable alternative molecular techniques may help with these histologically unresolved cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gilani
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naureen Mushtaq
- Department of Oncology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shakir
- Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Altaf
- Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Siddiq
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Neurooncology Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Global Pediatric Medicine Department, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Uri Tabori
- Neurooncology Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Department of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khurram Minhas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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25
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Hammad R, Nobre L, Ryall S, Arnoldo A, Siddaway R, Bennett J, Tabori U, Hawkins C. The Clinical Utility of a Tiered Approach to Pediatric Glioma Molecular Characterization for Resource-Limited Settings. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300269. [PMID: 38754050 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular characterization is key to optimally diagnose and manage cancer. The complexity and cost of routine genomic analysis have unfortunately limited its use and denied many patients access to precision medicine. A possible solution is to rationalize use-creating a tiered approach to testing which uses inexpensive techniques for most patients and limits expensive testing to patients with the highest needs. Here, we tested the utility of this approach to molecularly characterize pediatric glioma in a cost- and time-sensitive manner. METHODS We used a tiered testing pipeline of immunohistochemistry (IHC), customized fusion panels or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and targeted RNA sequencing in pediatric gliomas. Two distinct diagnostic algorithms were used for low- and high-grade gliomas (LGGs and HGGs). The percentage of driver alterations identified, associated testing costs, and turnaround time (TAT) are reported. RESULTS The tiered approach successfully characterized 96% (95 of 99) of gliomas. For 82 LGGs, IHC, targeted fusion panel or FISH, and targeted RNA sequencing solved 35% (29 of 82), 29% (24 of 82), and 30% (25 of 82) of cases, respectively. A total of 64% (53 of 82) of samples were characterized without targeted RNA sequencing. Of 17 HGG samples, 13 were characterized by IHC and four were characterized by targeted RNA sequencing. The average cost per sample was more affordable when using the tiered approach as compared with up-front targeted RNA sequencing in LGG ($405 US dollars [USD] v $745 USD) and HGGs ($282 USD v $745 USD). The average TAT per sample was also shorter using the tiered approach (10 days for LGG, 5 days for HGG v 14 days for targeted RNA sequencing). CONCLUSION Our tiered approach molecularly characterized 96% of samples in a cost- and time-sensitive manner. Such an approach may be feasible in neuro-oncology centers worldwide, particularly in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Hammad
- Haematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Pediatric Haematology Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Liana Nobre
- Division of Pediatric Haematology Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta & Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Scott Ryall
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony Arnoldo
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert Siddaway
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie Bennett
- Division of Pediatric Haematology Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Division of Pediatric Haematology Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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26
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Chapman N, Greenwald J, Suddock J, Xu D, Markowitz A, Humphrey M, Cotter JA, Krieger MD, Hawes D, Ji J. Clinical, pathologic, and genomic characteristics of two pediatric glioneuronal tumors with a CLIP2::MET fusion. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:63. [PMID: 38650040 PMCID: PMC11036580 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Integration of molecular data with histologic, radiologic, and clinical features is imperative for accurate diagnosis of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNAseq), a genome-wide and non-targeted approach, allows for the detection of novel or rare oncogenic fusion events that contribute to the tumorigenesis of a substantial portion of pediatric low- and high-grade glial and glioneuronal tumors. We present two cases of pediatric glioneuronal tumors occurring in the occipital region with a CLIP2::MET fusion detected by RNAseq. Chromosomal microarray studies revealed copy number alterations involving chromosomes 1, 7, and 22 in both tumors, with Case 2 having an interstitial deletion breakpoint in the CLIP2 gene. By methylation profiling, neither tumor had a match result, but both clustered with the low-grade glial/glioneuronal tumors in the UMAP. Histologically, in both instances, our cases displayed characteristics of a low-grade tumor, notably the absence of mitotic activity, low Ki-67 labeling index and the lack of necrosis and microvascular proliferation. Glial and neuronal markers were positive for both tumors. Clinically, both patients achieved clinical stability post-tumor resection and remain under regular surveillance imaging without adjuvant therapy at the last follow-up, 6 months and 3 years, respectively. This is the first case report demonstrating the presence of a CLIP2::MET fusion in two pediatric low-grade glioneuronal tumors (GNT). Conservative clinical management may be considered for patients with GNT and CLIP2:MET fusion in the context of histologically low-grade features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chapman
- Division of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Greenwald
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jolee Suddock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Markowitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maeve Humphrey
- Division of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Cotter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark D Krieger
- Division of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Debra Hawes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jianling Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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27
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Zahedi S, Riemondy K, Griesinger AM, Donson AM, Fu R, Crespo M, DeSisto J, Groat MM, Bratbak E, Green A, Hankinson TC, Handler M, Vibhakar R, Willard N, Foreman NK, Levy JM. Multi-pronged analysis of pediatric low-grade glioma reveals a unique tumor microenvironment associated with BRAF alterations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.05.588294. [PMID: 38645202 PMCID: PMC11030246 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) comprise 35% of all brain tumors. Despite favorable survival, patients experience significant morbidity from disease and treatments. A deeper understanding of pLGG biology is essential to identify novel, more effective, and less toxic therapies. We utilized single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, and cytokine analyses to characterize and understand tumor and immune cell heterogeneity across pLGG. scRNA-seq revealed tumor and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor cell subsets revealed a developmental hierarchy with progenitor and mature cell populations. Immune cells included myeloid and lymphocytic cells. There was a significant difference between the prevalence of two major myeloid subclusters between pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and ganglioglioma (GG). Bulk and single-cell cytokine analyses evaluated the immune cell signaling cascade with distinct immune phenotypes among tumor samples. KIAA1549-BRAF tumors appeared more immunogenic, secreting higher levels of immune cell activators and chemokines, compared to BRAF V600E tumors. Spatial transcriptomics revealed the differential gene expression of these chemokines and their location within the TME. A multi-pronged analysis of pLGG demonstrated the complexity of the pLGG TME and differences between genetic drivers that may influence their response to immunotherapy. Further investigation of immune cell infiltration and tumor-immune interactions is warranted. Key points There is a developmental hierarchy in neoplastic population comprising of both progenitor-like and mature cell types in both PA and GG.A more immunogenic, immune activating myeloid population is present in PA compared to GG. Functional analysis and spatial transcriptomics show higher levels of immune mobilizing chemokines in KIAA1549-BRAF fusion PA tumor samples compared to BRAF V600E GG samples. Importance of the Study While scRNA seq provides information on cellular heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment (TME), it does not provide a complete picture of how these cells are interacting or where they are located. To expand on this, we used a three-pronged approach to better understand the biology of pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG). By analyzing scRNA-seq, secreted cytokines and spatial orientation of cells within the TME, we strove to gain a more complete picture of the complex interplay between tumor and immune cells within pLGG. Our data revealed a complex heterogeneity in tumor and immune populations and identified an interesting difference in the immune phenotype among different subtypes.
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Ramakrishnan D, Brüningk SC, von Reppert M, Memon F, Maleki N, Aneja S, Kazerooni AF, Nabavizadeh A, Lin M, Bousabarah K, Molinaro A, Nicolaides T, Prados M, Mueller S, Aboian MS. Comparison of Volumetric and 2D Measurements and Longitudinal Trajectories in the Response Assessment of BRAF V600E-Mutant Pediatric Gliomas in the Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium Clinical Trial. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2024; 45:475-482. [PMID: 38453411 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Response on imaging is widely used to evaluate treatment efficacy in clinical trials of pediatric gliomas. While conventional criteria rely on 2D measurements, volumetric analysis may provide a more comprehensive response assessment. There is sparse research on the role of volumetrics in pediatric gliomas. Our purpose was to compare 2D and volumetric analysis with the assessment of neuroradiologists using the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) in BRAF V600E-mutant pediatric gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Manual volumetric segmentations of whole and solid tumors were compared with 2D measurements in 31 participants (292 follow-up studies) in the Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium 002 trial (NCT01748149). Two neuroradiologists evaluated responses using BT-RADS. Receiver operating characteristic analysis compared classification performance of 2D and volumetrics for partial response. Agreement between volumetric and 2D mathematically modeled longitudinal trajectories for 25 participants was determined using the model-estimated time to best response. RESULTS Of 31 participants, 20 had partial responses according to BT-RADS criteria. Receiver operating characteristic curves for the classification of partial responders at the time of first detection (median = 2 months) yielded an area under the curve of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.69-0.99) for 2D area, 0.91 (95% CI, 0.80-1.00) for whole-volume, and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.82-1.00) for solid volume change. There was no significant difference in the area under the curve between 2D and solid (P = .34) or whole volume (P = .39). There was no significant correlation in model-estimated time to best response (ρ = 0.39, P >.05) between 2D and whole-volume trajectories. Eight of the 25 participants had a difference of ≥90 days in transition from partial response to stable disease between their 2D and whole-volume modeled trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Although there was no overall difference between volumetrics and 2D in classifying partial response assessment using BT-RADS, further prospective studies will be critical to elucidate how the observed differences in tumor 2D and volumetric trajectories affect clinical decision-making and outcomes in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ramakrishnan
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (D.R., M.v.R., F.M., N.M., M.L., M.S.A.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sarah C Brüningk
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (S.C.B.), ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics (S.C.B.), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc von Reppert
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (D.R., M.v.R., F.M., N.M., M.L., M.S.A.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroradiology (M.v.R.), Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fatima Memon
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (D.R., M.v.R., F.M., N.M., M.L., M.S.A.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nazanin Maleki
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (D.R., M.v.R., F.M., N.M., M.L., M.S.A.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sanjay Aneja
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology (S.A.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (S.A.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (A.F.K.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (A.N.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - MingDe Lin
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (D.R., M.v.R., F.M., N.M., M.L., M.S.A.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Visage Imaging (M.L.), San Diego, Calfornia
| | | | - Annette Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery (A.M.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calfornia
| | | | - Michael Prados
- Department of Neurology (M.P., S.M.), Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calfornia
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurology (M.P., S.M.), Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calfornia
- Children's University Hospital Zürich (S.M.), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mariam S Aboian
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (D.R., M.v.R., F.M., N.M., M.L., M.S.A.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Ziegler DS, Lehmann R, Eisenstat DD. A paradigm shift in how we treat pediatric low-grade glioma-Targeting the molecular drivers. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:593-595. [PMID: 38243845 PMCID: PMC10995501 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David S Ziegler
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lehmann
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David D Eisenstat
- Children’s Cancer Centre, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Gorodezki D, Zipfel J, Bevot A, Nägele T, Ebinger M, Schuhmann MU, Schittenhelm J. Prognostic utility and characteristics of MIB-1 labeling index as a proliferative activity marker in childhood low-grade glioma: a retrospective observational study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:178. [PMID: 38580878 PMCID: PMC10997709 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prognostic utility of MIB-1 labeling index (LI) in pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG) has not yet conclusively been described. We assess the correlation of MIB-1 LI and tumor growth velocity (TGV), aiming to contribute to the understanding of clinical implications and the predictive value of MIB-1 LI as an indicator of proliferative activity and progression-free survival (PFS) in PLGG. METHODS MIB-1 LI of a cohort of 172 nonependymal PLGGs were comprehensively characterized. Correlation to TGV, assessed by sequential MRI-based three-dimensional volumetry, and PFS was analyzed. RESULTS Mean MIB-1 LI accounted for 2.7% (range: < 1-10) and showed a significant decrease to 1.5% at secondary surgery (p = .0013). A significant difference of MIB-1 LI in different histopathological types and a correlation to tumor volume at diagnosis could be shown. Linear regression analysis showed a correlation between MIB-1 LI and preoperative TGV (R2 = .55, p < .0001), while correlation to TGV remarkably decreased after incomplete resection (R2 = .08, p = .013). Log-rank test showed no association of MIB-1 LI and 5-year PFS after incomplete (MIB-1 LI > 1 vs ≤ 1%: 48 vs 46%, p = .73) and gross-total resection (MIB-1 LI > 1 vs ≤ 1%: 89 vs 95%, p = .75). CONCLUSION These data confirm a correlation of MIB-1 LI and radiologically detectable TGV in PLGG for the first time. Compared with preoperative TGV, a crucially decreasing correlation of MIB-1 LI and TGV after surgery may result in limited prognostic capability of MIB-1 LI in PLGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gorodezki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Julian Zipfel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Bevot
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Neurology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Ebinger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin U Schuhmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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31
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Gojo J, Preusser M. Improving long-term outcomes in pediatric low-grade glioma. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:533-535. [PMID: 38429416 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gojo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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32
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de Blank PMK, Lange KR, Xing M, Mirzaei Salehabadi S, Srivastava D, Brinkman TM, Ness KK, Oeffinger KC, Neglia J, Krull KR, Nathan PC, Howell R, Turcotte LM, Leisenring W, Armstrong GT, Okcu MF, Bowers DC. Temporal changes in treatment and late mortality and morbidity in adult survivors of childhood glioma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:590-600. [PMID: 38429413 PMCID: PMC11058025 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric glioma therapy has evolved to delay or eliminate radiation for low-grade tumors. This study examined these temporal changes in therapy with long-term outcomes in adult survivors of childhood glioma. Among 2,501 5-year survivors of glioma in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study diagnosed 1970-1999, exposure to radiation decreased over time. Survivors from more recent eras were at lower risk of late mortality (≥5 years from diagnosis), severe/disabling/life-threatening chronic health conditions (CHCs) and subsequent neoplasms (SNs). Adjusting for treatment exposure (surgery only, chemotherapy, or any cranial radiation) attenuated this risk (for example, CHCs (1990s versus 1970s), relative risk (95% confidence interval), 0.63 (0.49-0.80) without adjustment versus 0.93 (0.72-1.20) with adjustment). Compared to surgery alone, radiation was associated with greater than four times the risk of late mortality, CHCs and SNs. Evolving therapy, particularly avoidance of cranial radiation, has improved late outcomes for childhood glioma survivors without increased risk for late recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M K de Blank
- The Cure Starts Now Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Katharine R Lange
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Hackensack Meridian Children's Health, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Mengqi Xing
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Deokumar Srivastava
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tara M Brinkman
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Joseph Neglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kevin R Krull
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Howell
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucie M Turcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wendy Leisenring
- Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M Fatih Okcu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel C Bowers
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Kudus K, Wagner MW, Namdar K, Nobre L, Bouffet E, Tabori U, Hawkins C, Yeom KW, Ertl-Wagner BB, Khalvati F. Increased confidence of radiomics facilitating pretherapeutic differentiation of BRAF-altered pediatric low-grade glioma. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:2772-2781. [PMID: 37803212 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, the BRAF status of pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) patients is determined through a biopsy. We established a nomogram to predict BRAF status non-invasively using clinical and radiomic factors. Additionally, we assessed an advanced thresholding method to provide only high-confidence predictions for the molecular subtype. Finally, we tested whether radiomic features provide additional predictive information for this classification task, beyond that which is embedded in the location of the tumor. METHODS Random forest (RF) models were trained on radiomic and clinical features both separately and together, to evaluate the utility of each feature set. Instead of using the traditional single threshold technique to convert the model outputs to class predictions, we implemented a double threshold mechanism that accounted for uncertainty. Additionally, a linear model was trained and depicted graphically as a nomogram. RESULTS The combined RF (AUC: 0.925) outperformed the RFs trained on radiomic (AUC: 0.863) or clinical (AUC: 0.889) features alone. The linear model had a comparable AUC (0.916), despite its lower complexity. Traditional thresholding produced an accuracy of 84.5%, while the double threshold approach yielded 92.2% accuracy on the 80.7% of patients with the highest confidence predictions. CONCLUSION Models that included radiomic features outperformed, underscoring their importance for the prediction of BRAF status. A linear model performed similarly to RF but with the added benefit that it can be visualized as a nomogram, improving the explainability of the model. The double threshold technique was able to identify uncertain predictions, enhancing the clinical utility of the model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Radiomic features and tumor location are both predictive of BRAF status in pLGG patients. We show that they contain complementary information and depict the optimal model as a nomogram, which can be used as a non-invasive alternative to biopsy. KEY POINTS • Radiomic features provide additional predictive information for the determination of the molecular subtype of pediatric low-grade gliomas patients, beyond what is embedded in the location of the tumor, which has an established relationship with genetic status. • An advanced thresholding method can help to distinguish cases where machine learning models have a high chance of being (in)correct, improving the utility of these models. • A simple linear model performs similarly to a more powerful random forest model at classifying the molecular subtype of pediatric low-grade gliomas but has the added benefit that it can be converted into a nomogram, which may facilitate clinical implementation by improving the explainability of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Kudus
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthias W Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Image-Guided Therapy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Khashayar Namdar
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Liana Nobre
- Department of Neuro-oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Department of Neuro-oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kristen W Yeom
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Birgit B Ertl-Wagner
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Image-Guided Therapy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Farzad Khalvati
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Image-Guided Therapy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Ius T, Montemurro N, Lombardi G, Berardinelli J, Romano A, Barresi V, Cerretti G, Guarnera A, Tel A, Cavallo LM, Pasqualetti F, Feletti A. Decoding the puzzle: A multidisciplinary systematic review of adult brainstem glioma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104261. [PMID: 38395241 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult brainstem gliomas (BSGs) are a group of rare central nervous system tumors with varying prognoses and controversial standard treatment strategies. To provide an overview of current trends, a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines, Class of evidence (CE) and strength of recommendation (SR), was conducted. The review identified 27 studies. Surgery was found to have a positive impact on survival, particularly for focal lesions with CE II SR C. Stereotactic image-guided biopsy was recommended when resective surgery was not feasible with CE II and SR B. The role of systemic treatments remains unclear. Eight studies provided molecular biology data. This review gathers crucial literature on diagnosis and management of adult BSGs. It provides evidence-based guidance with updated recommendations for diagnosing and treating, taking into account recent molecular and genetic advancements. The importance of brain biopsy is emphasized to optimize treatment using emerging genetic-molecular findings and explore potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ius
- Neurosurgery Unit, Head-Neck and NeuroScience Department University Hospital of Udine, Italy.
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lombardi
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Jacopo Berardinelli
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Romano
- Department of Neuroradiology, NESMOS S. Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Barresi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Cerretti
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessia Guarnera
- Department of Neuroradiology, NESMOS S. Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tel
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Head-Neck and NeuroScience Department University Hospital of Udine, Italy
| | - Luigi Maria Cavallo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pasqualetti
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Feletti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Institute of Neurosurgery, University of Verona, Italy
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de Traux De Wardin H, Cyrta J, Dermawan JK, Guillemot D, Orbach D, Aerts I, Pierron G, Antonescu CR. FGFR1 fusions as a novel molecular driver in rhabdomyosarcoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23232. [PMID: 38607246 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The wide application of RNA sequencing in clinical practice has allowed the discovery of novel fusion genes, which have contributed to a refined molecular classification of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Most fusions in RMS result in aberrant transcription factors, such as PAX3/7::FOXO1 in alveolar RMS (ARMS) and fusions involving VGLL2 or NCOA2 in infantile spindle cell RMS. However, recurrent fusions driving oncogenic kinase activation have not been reported in RMS. Triggered by an index case of an unclassified RMS (overlapping features between ARMS and sclerosing RMS) with a novel FGFR1::ANK1 fusion, we reviewed our molecular files for cases harboring FGFR1-related fusions. One additional case with an FGFR1::TACC1 fusion was identified in a tumor resembling embryonal RMS (ERMS) with anaplasia, but with no pathogenic variants in TP53 or DICER1 on germline testing. Both cases occurred in males, aged 7 and 24, and in the pelvis. The 2nd case also harbored additional alterations, including somatic TP53 and TET2 mutations. Two additional RMS cases (one unclassified, one ERMS) with FGFR1 overexpression but lacking FGFR1 fusions were identified by RNA sequencing. These two cases and the FGFR1::TACC1-positive case clustered together with the ERMS group by RNAseq. This is the first report of RMS harboring recurrent FGFR1 fusions. However, it remains unclear if FGFR1 fusions define a novel subset of RMS or alternatively, whether this alteration can sporadically drive the pathogenesis of known RMS subtypes, such as ERMS. Additional larger series with integrated genomic and epigenetic datasets are needed for better subclassification, as the resulting oncogenic kinase activation underscores the potential for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry de Traux De Wardin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Brussels University Hospital, Academic Children's Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joanna Cyrta
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Josephine K Dermawan
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Daniel Orbach
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer), PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aerts
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer), PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Pierron
- Unité de Génétique Somatique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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d’Amati A, Bargiacchi L, Rossi S, Carai A, Bertero L, Barresi V, Errico ME, Buccoliero AM, Asioli S, Marucci G, Del Baldo G, Mastronuzzi A, Miele E, D’Antonio F, Schiavello E, Biassoni V, Massimino M, Gessi M, Antonelli M, Gianno F. Pediatric CNS tumors and 2021 WHO classification: what do oncologists need from pathologists? Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1268038. [PMID: 38544524 PMCID: PMC10966132 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1268038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), published in 2021, established new approaches to both CNS tumor nomenclature and grading, emphasizing the importance of integrated diagnoses and layered reports. This edition increased the role of molecular diagnostics in CNS tumor classification while still relying on other established approaches such as histology and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, it introduced new tumor types and subtypes based on novel diagnostic technologies such as DNA methylome profiling. Over the past decade, molecular techniques identified numerous key genetic alterations in CSN tumors, with important implications regarding the understanding of pathogenesis but also for prognosis and the development and application of effective molecularly targeted therapies. This review summarizes the major changes in the 2021 fifth edition classification of pediatric CNS tumors, highlighting for each entity the molecular alterations and other information that are relevant for diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic purposes and that patients' and oncologists' need from a pathology report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio d’Amati
- Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Lavinia Bargiacchi
- Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Barresi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Errico
- Department of Pathology, AORN Santobono Pausilipon, Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sofia Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Marucci
- Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica D’Antonio
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Schiavello
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Biassoni
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Massimino
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gessi
- Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Francesca Gianno
- Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
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Mueller S, Fangusaro J, Thomas AO, Jacques TS, Bandopadhayay P, de Blank P, Packer RJ, Fouladi M, van Meeteren AS, Jones D, Perry A, Nakano Y, Hargrave D, Riedl D, Robison NJ, Partanen M, Fisher MJ, Witt O. Consensus framework for conducting phase I/II clinical trials for children, adolescents, and young adults with pediatric low-grade glioma: Guidelines established by the International Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Coalition Clinical Trial Working Group. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:407-416. [PMID: 38146999 PMCID: PMC10912006 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the last few decades, we have witnessed tremendous advancements in the study of pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG), leading to a much-improved understanding of their molecular underpinnings. Consequently, we have achieved successful milestones in developing and implementing targeted therapeutic agents for treating these tumors. However, the community continues to face many unknowns when it comes to the most effective clinical implementation of these novel targeted inhibitors or combinations thereof. Questions encompassing optimal dosing strategies, treatment duration, methods for assessing clinical efficacy, and the identification of predictive biomarkers remain unresolved. Here, we offer the consensus of the international pLGG coalition (iPLGGc) clinical trial working group on these important topics and comment on clinical trial design and endpoint rationale. Throughout, we seek to standardize the global approach to early clinical trials (phase I and II) for pLGG, leading to more consistently interpretable results as well as enhancing the pace of novel therapy development and encouraging an increased focus on functional endpoints as well and quality of life for children faced with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jason Fangusaro
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arzu Onar Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Histopathology Department, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter de Blank
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Roger J Packer
- Brain Tumor Institute, Washington DC, USA
- Gilbert Family Neurofibromatosis Institute, Washington DC, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Pediatric Brain Tumor Program, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - David Jones
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arie Perry
- Departments of Pathology and Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yoshiko Nakano
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Darren Hargrave
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Riedl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nathan J Robison
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marita Partanen
- Department of Research, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J Fisher
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olaf Witt
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Arthur C, Carlson LM, Svoboda J, Sandvik U, Jylhä C, Nordenskjöld M, Holm S, Tham E. Liquid biopsy guides successful molecular targeted therapy of an inoperable pediatric brainstem neoplasm. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:44. [PMID: 38388693 PMCID: PMC10884019 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Midline CNS tumors are occasionally inaccessible for surgical biopsies. In these instances, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) may serve as a viable alternative for molecular analysis and identification of targetable mutations. Here, we report a young child with an inoperable brainstem tumor in whom a stereotactic biopsy was deemed unsafe. The tumor progressed on steroids and after radiotherapy the patient developed hydrocephalus and received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Droplet digital PCR analysis of cfDNA from an intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid liquid biopsy revealed a BRAF V600 mutation enabling targeted treatment with MEK and BRAF inhibitors. The patient, now on trametinib and dabrafenib for 1 year, has had substantial tumor volume regression and reduction of contrast enhancement on MRIs and is making remarkable clinical progress. This case highlights that in a subset of CNS tumors, access to liquid biopsy analysis may be crucial to identify actionable therapeutic targets that would otherwise go undiscovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Arthur
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lena-Maria Carlson
- Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Sandvik
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Jylhä
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Holm
- Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Tham
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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39
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Zang D, Dong Z, Liu Y, Chen Q. Single-cell RNA sequencing of anaplastic ependymoma and H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:74. [PMID: 38383423 PMCID: PMC10880286 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic ependymoma and H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma are two common subtypes of brain tumors with poor long-term prognosis. The present study analyzed and compared the differences in cell types between two tumors by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology. METHODS ScRNA-seq was performed to profile cells from cancer tissue from anaplastic ependymoma patient and H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma patient. Cell clustering, marker gene identification, cell type annotation, copy number variation analysis and function analysis of differentially expressed genes were then performed. RESULTS A total of 11,219 cells were obtained from anaplastic ependymoma and H3K27M mutant diffuse midline glioma, and these cells categorized into 12 distinct clusters. Each cell cluster could be characterized with specific cell markers to indicate cellular heterogeneity. Five cell types were annotated in each sample, including astrocyte, oligodendrocytes, microglial cell, neural progenitor cell and immune cell. The cluster types and proportion of cell types were not consistent between the two brain tumors. Functional analyses suggest that these cell clusters are involved in tumor-associated pathways, with slight differences in the cells of origin between the two tumors. In addition, cell communication analysis showed that the NRG3-ERBB4 pair is a key Ligand-receptor pair for anaplastic ependymoma, while in H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma it is the PTN-PTPRZ1 pair that establishes contact with other cells. CONCLUSION There was intratumor heterogeneity in anaplastic ependymoma and H3K27M mutant diffuse midline glioma, and that the subtype differences may be due to differences in the origin of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zilong Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuecheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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40
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Wagner MW, Jabehdar Maralani P, Bennett J, Nobre L, Lim-Fat MJ, Dirks P, Laughlin S, Tabori U, Ramaswamy V, Hawkins C, Ertl-Wagner BB. Brain Tumor Imaging in Adolescents and Young Adults: 2021 WHO Updates for Molecular-based Tumor Types. Radiology 2024; 310:e230777. [PMID: 38349246 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.230777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Published in 2021, the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) introduced new molecular criteria for tumor types that commonly occur in either pediatric or adult age groups. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are at the intersection of adult and pediatric care, and both pediatric-type and adult-type CNS tumors occur at that age. Mortality rates for AYAs with CNS tumors have increased by 0.6% per year for males and 1% per year for females from 2007 to 2016. To best serve patients, it is crucial that both pediatric and adult radiologists who interpret neuroimages are familiar with the various pediatric- and adult-type brain tumors and their typical imaging morphologic characteristics. Gliomas account for approximately 80% of all malignant CNS tumors in the AYA age group, with the most common types observed being diffuse astrocytic and glioneuronal tumors. Ependymomas and medulloblastomas also occur in the AYA population but are seen less frequently. Importantly, biologic behavior and progression of distinct molecular subgroups of brain tumors differ across ages. This review discusses newly added or revised gliomas in the fifth edition of the CNS WHO classification, as well as other CNS tumor types common in the AYA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Wagner
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S.L., B.B.E.W.), Division of Hematology/Oncology (J.B., L.N., U.T., V.R.), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology (C.H.), Division of Neurosurgery (P.D.), and Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology (M.W.W.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., B.B.E.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., P.J.M., B.B.E.W.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (M.W.W.); Divisions of Neuroradiology (P.J.M.) and Neurooncology (M.J.L.F.), Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada (J.B.)
| | - Pejman Jabehdar Maralani
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S.L., B.B.E.W.), Division of Hematology/Oncology (J.B., L.N., U.T., V.R.), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology (C.H.), Division of Neurosurgery (P.D.), and Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology (M.W.W.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., B.B.E.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., P.J.M., B.B.E.W.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (M.W.W.); Divisions of Neuroradiology (P.J.M.) and Neurooncology (M.J.L.F.), Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada (J.B.)
| | - Julie Bennett
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S.L., B.B.E.W.), Division of Hematology/Oncology (J.B., L.N., U.T., V.R.), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology (C.H.), Division of Neurosurgery (P.D.), and Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology (M.W.W.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., B.B.E.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., P.J.M., B.B.E.W.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (M.W.W.); Divisions of Neuroradiology (P.J.M.) and Neurooncology (M.J.L.F.), Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada (J.B.)
| | - Liana Nobre
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S.L., B.B.E.W.), Division of Hematology/Oncology (J.B., L.N., U.T., V.R.), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology (C.H.), Division of Neurosurgery (P.D.), and Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology (M.W.W.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., B.B.E.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., P.J.M., B.B.E.W.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (M.W.W.); Divisions of Neuroradiology (P.J.M.) and Neurooncology (M.J.L.F.), Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada (J.B.)
| | - Mary Jane Lim-Fat
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S.L., B.B.E.W.), Division of Hematology/Oncology (J.B., L.N., U.T., V.R.), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology (C.H.), Division of Neurosurgery (P.D.), and Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology (M.W.W.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., B.B.E.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., P.J.M., B.B.E.W.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (M.W.W.); Divisions of Neuroradiology (P.J.M.) and Neurooncology (M.J.L.F.), Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada (J.B.)
| | - Peter Dirks
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S.L., B.B.E.W.), Division of Hematology/Oncology (J.B., L.N., U.T., V.R.), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology (C.H.), Division of Neurosurgery (P.D.), and Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology (M.W.W.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., B.B.E.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., P.J.M., B.B.E.W.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (M.W.W.); Divisions of Neuroradiology (P.J.M.) and Neurooncology (M.J.L.F.), Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada (J.B.)
| | - Suzanne Laughlin
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S.L., B.B.E.W.), Division of Hematology/Oncology (J.B., L.N., U.T., V.R.), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology (C.H.), Division of Neurosurgery (P.D.), and Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology (M.W.W.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., B.B.E.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., P.J.M., B.B.E.W.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (M.W.W.); Divisions of Neuroradiology (P.J.M.) and Neurooncology (M.J.L.F.), Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada (J.B.)
| | - Uri Tabori
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S.L., B.B.E.W.), Division of Hematology/Oncology (J.B., L.N., U.T., V.R.), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology (C.H.), Division of Neurosurgery (P.D.), and Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology (M.W.W.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., B.B.E.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., P.J.M., B.B.E.W.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (M.W.W.); Divisions of Neuroradiology (P.J.M.) and Neurooncology (M.J.L.F.), Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada (J.B.)
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S.L., B.B.E.W.), Division of Hematology/Oncology (J.B., L.N., U.T., V.R.), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology (C.H.), Division of Neurosurgery (P.D.), and Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology (M.W.W.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., B.B.E.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., P.J.M., B.B.E.W.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (M.W.W.); Divisions of Neuroradiology (P.J.M.) and Neurooncology (M.J.L.F.), Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada (J.B.)
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S.L., B.B.E.W.), Division of Hematology/Oncology (J.B., L.N., U.T., V.R.), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology (C.H.), Division of Neurosurgery (P.D.), and Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology (M.W.W.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., B.B.E.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., P.J.M., B.B.E.W.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (M.W.W.); Divisions of Neuroradiology (P.J.M.) and Neurooncology (M.J.L.F.), Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada (J.B.)
| | - Birgit B Ertl-Wagner
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S.L., B.B.E.W.), Division of Hematology/Oncology (J.B., L.N., U.T., V.R.), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology (C.H.), Division of Neurosurgery (P.D.), and Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology (M.W.W.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., B.B.E.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.W.W., P.J.M., B.B.E.W.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (M.W.W.); Divisions of Neuroradiology (P.J.M.) and Neurooncology (M.J.L.F.), Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada (J.B.)
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41
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Haas-Kogan DA, Aboian MS, Minturn JE, Leary SE, Abdelbaki MS, Goldman S, Elster JD, Kraya A, Lueder MR, Ramakrishnan D, von Reppert M, Liu KX, Rokita JL, Resnick AC, Solomon DA, Phillips JJ, Prados M, Molinaro AM, Waszak SM, Mueller S. Everolimus for Children With Recurrent or Progressive Low-Grade Glioma: Results From the Phase II PNOC001 Trial. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:441-451. [PMID: 37978951 PMCID: PMC10824388 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The PNOC001 phase II single-arm trial sought to estimate progression-free survival (PFS) associated with everolimus therapy for progressive/recurrent pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) on the basis of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activation as measured by phosphorylated-ribosomal protein S6 and to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients, age 3-21 years, with progressive/recurrent pLGG received everolimus orally, 5 mg/m2 once daily. Frequency of driver gene alterations was compared among independent pLGG cohorts of newly diagnosed and progressive/recurrent patients. PFS at 6 months (primary end point) and median PFS (secondary end point) were estimated for association with everolimus therapy. RESULTS Between 2012 and 2019, 65 subjects with progressive/recurrent pLGG (median age, 9.6 years; range, 3.0-19.9; 46% female) were enrolled, with a median follow-up of 57.5 months. The 6-month PFS was 67.4% (95% CI, 60.0 to 80.0) and median PFS was 11.1 months (95% CI, 7.6 to 19.8). Hypertriglyceridemia was the most common grade ≥3 adverse event. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation did not correlate with clinical outcomes (6-month PFS, active 68.4% v nonactive 63.3%; median PFS, active 11.2 months v nonactive 11.1 months; P = .80). Rare/novel KIAA1549::BRAF fusion breakpoints were most frequent in supratentorial midline pilocytic astrocytomas, in patients with progressive/recurrent disease, and correlated with poor clinical outcomes (median PFS, rare/novel KIAA1549::BRAF fusion breakpoints 6.1 months v common KIAA1549::BRAF fusion breakpoints 16.7 months; P < .05). Multivariate analysis confirmed their independent risk factor status for disease progression in PNOC001 and other, independent cohorts. Additionally, rare pathogenic germline variants in homologous recombination genes were identified in 6.8% of PNOC001 patients. CONCLUSION Everolimus is a well-tolerated therapy for progressive/recurrent pLGGs. Rare/novel KIAA1549::BRAF fusion breakpoints may define biomarkers for progressive disease and should be assessed in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne A. Haas-Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mariam S. Aboian
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jane E. Minturn
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah E.S. Leary
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Mohamed S. Abdelbaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Stewart Goldman
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jennifer D. Elster
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Adam Kraya
- Division of Neurosurgery, Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Matthew R. Lueder
- Division of Neurosurgery, Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Divya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Marc von Reppert
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin X. Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jo Lynne Rokita
- Division of Neurosurgery, Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adam C. Resnick
- Division of Neurosurgery, Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David A. Solomon
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joanna J. Phillips
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael Prados
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Annette M. Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sebastian M. Waszak
- Laboratory of Computational Neuro-Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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van Tilburg CM, Kilburn LB, Perreault S, Schmidt R, Azizi AA, Cruz-Martínez O, Zápotocký M, Scheinemann K, Meeteren AYNSV, Sehested A, Opocher E, Driever PH, Avula S, Ziegler DS, Capper D, Koch A, Sahm F, Qiu J, Tsao LP, Blackman SC, Manley P, Milde T, Witt R, Jones DTW, Hargrave D, Witt O. LOGGIC/FIREFLY-2: a phase 3, randomized trial of tovorafenib vs. chemotherapy in pediatric and young adult patients with newly diagnosed low-grade glioma harboring an activating RAF alteration. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:147. [PMID: 38291372 PMCID: PMC10826080 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) is essentially a single pathway disease, with most tumors driven by genomic alterations affecting the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK (MAPK) pathway, predominantly KIAA1549::BRAF fusions and BRAF V600E mutations. This makes pLGG an ideal candidate for MAPK pathway-targeted treatments. The type I BRAF inhibitor, dabrafenib, in combination with the MEK inhibitor, trametinib, has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the systemic treatment of BRAF V600E-mutated pLGG. However, this combination is not approved for the treatment of patients with tumors harboring BRAF fusions as type I RAF inhibitors are ineffective in this setting and may paradoxically enhance tumor growth. The type II RAF inhibitor, tovorafenib (formerly DAY101, TAK-580, MLN2480), has shown promising activity and good tolerability in patients with BRAF-altered pLGG in the phase 2 FIREFLY-1 study, with an objective response rate (ORR) per Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology high-grade glioma (RANO-HGG) criteria of 67%. Tumor response was independent of histologic subtype, BRAF alteration type (fusion vs. mutation), number of prior lines of therapy, and prior MAPK-pathway inhibitor use. METHODS LOGGIC/FIREFLY-2 is a two-arm, randomized, open-label, multicenter, global, phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of tovorafenib monotherapy vs. current standard of care (SoC) chemotherapy in patients < 25 years of age with pLGG harboring an activating RAF alteration who require first-line systemic therapy. Patients are randomized 1:1 to either tovorafenib, administered once weekly at 420 mg/m2 (not to exceed 600 mg), or investigator's choice of prespecified SoC chemotherapy regimens. The primary objective is to compare ORR between the two treatment arms, as assessed by independent review per RANO-LGG criteria. Secondary objectives include comparisons of progression-free survival, duration of response, safety, neurologic function, and clinical benefit rate. DISCUSSION The promising tovorafenib activity data, CNS-penetration properties, strong scientific rationale combined with the manageable tolerability and safety profile seen in patients with pLGG led to the SIOPe-BTG-LGG working group to nominate tovorafenib for comparison with SoC chemotherapy in this first-line phase 3 trial. The efficacy, safety, and functional response data generated from the trial may define a new SoC treatment for newly diagnosed pLGG. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05566795. Registered on October 4, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis M van Tilburg
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Rene Schmidt
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Münster, Germany
| | - Amedeo A Azizi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ofelia Cruz-Martínez
- Neuro-oncology Unit, Pediatric Cancer Center, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michal Zápotocký
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katrin Scheinemann
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Astrid Sehested
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Enrico Opocher
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Pablo Hernáiz Driever
- German HIT-LOGGIC-Registry for LGG in Children and Adolescents, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shivaram Avula
- Department of Radiology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - David S Ziegler
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Capper
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DKTK Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arend Koch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiaheng Qiu
- Day One Biopharmaceuticals, Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Li-Pen Tsao
- Day One Biopharmaceuticals, Brisbane, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Witt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Darren Hargrave
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Olaf Witt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Yvone GM, Breunig JJ. Pediatric low-grade glioma models: advances and ongoing challenges. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1346949. [PMID: 38318325 PMCID: PMC10839015 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1346949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric low-grade gliomas represent the most common childhood brain tumor class. While often curable, some tumors fail to respond and even successful treatments can have life-long side effects. Many clinical trials are underway for pediatric low-grade gliomas. However, these trials are expensive and challenging to organize due to the heterogeneity of patients and subtypes. Advances in sequencing technologies are helping to mitigate this by revealing the molecular landscapes of mutations in pediatric low-grade glioma. Functionalizing these mutations in the form of preclinical models is the next step in both understanding the disease mechanisms as well as for testing therapeutics. However, such models are often more difficult to generate due to their less proliferative nature, and the heterogeneity of tumor microenvironments, cell(s)-of-origin, and genetic alterations. In this review, we discuss the molecular and genetic alterations and the various preclinical models generated for the different types of pediatric low-grade gliomas. We examined the different preclinical models for pediatric low-grade gliomas, summarizing the scientific advances made to the field and therapeutic implications. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of the various models. This review highlights the importance of preclinical models for pediatric low-grade gliomas while noting the challenges and future directions of these models to improve therapeutic outcomes of pediatric low-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Metta Yvone
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joshua J. Breunig
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Center for Neural Sciences in Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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44
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Mariet C, Grill J, Ajlil Y, Castel D, Dangouloff-Ros V, Boddaert N, Meurgey A, Pissaloux D, Appay R, Saffroy R, Puget S, Blauwblomme T, Beccaria K, Hasty L, Rigau V, Roujeau T, Aline-Fardin A, Chrétien F, Métais A, Varlet P, Tauziède-Espariat A. "Hemispheric pilocytic astrocytoma" revisited: A comprehensive clinicopathological and molecular series emphasizing their overlap with other glioneuronal tumors. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:115-124. [PMID: 38237135 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) typically exhibit distinct clinical, radiological, histopathological, and genetic features. DNA-methylation profiling distinguishes PA according to their location (infratentorial, midline, hemispheric, or spinal). In the hemispheric location, distinguishing PA from glioneuronal tumors remains a common diagnostic challenge for neuropathologists. Furthermore, the current version of the DKFZ classifier seems to have difficulty separating them from gangliogliomas. In this study, after central radiological review, we identified a histopathologically defined set of PA (histPA, n = 11) and a cohort of DNA-methylation defined PA (mcPA, n = 11). Nine out of the 11 histPA matched the methylation class of hemispheric PA, whereas 2 cases were classified at the end of the study as dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors. Similarly, the mcPA cohort contained tumors mainly classified as PA (7/11), but 4 cases were classified as glioneuronal. The analysis of the 16 tumors with an integrated diagnosis of PA revealed that they affect mainly children with a wide spectrum of radiological, histopathological (i.e. a predominantly diffuse growth pattern), and genetic characteristics (large range of mitogen-activated protein kinase alterations). Based on these results, we consider hemispheric PA to be different from their counterparts in other locations and to overlap with other glioneuronal tumors, reinforcing the necessity of interpreting all data to obtain an accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Mariet
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jacques Grill
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, INSERM, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Yassine Ajlil
- U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, INSERM, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - David Castel
- U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, INSERM, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Volodia Dangouloff-Ros
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Department UMR 1163, Institut Imagine and INSERM U1299, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Department UMR 1163, Institut Imagine and INSERM U1299, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Meurgey
- Department of Biopathology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
- Department CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Pissaloux
- Department of Biopathology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
- Department CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Romain Appay
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
- Institute of Neurophysiopathol, CNRS, INP, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaël Saffroy
- Department of Biochemistry and Oncogenetic, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphanie Puget
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Martinique, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Thomas Blauwblomme
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Kévin Beccaria
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Lauren Hasty
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Rigau
- Department of Pathology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Roujeau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Ima-Brain Team, INSERM U1266, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alice Métais
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Ima-Brain Team, INSERM U1266, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Ima-Brain Team, INSERM U1266, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Arnault Tauziède-Espariat
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Ima-Brain Team, INSERM U1266, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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45
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Ali RH, Almanabri M, Ali NY, Alsaber AR, Khalifa NM, Hussein R, Alateeqi M, Mohammed EMA, Jama H, Almarzooq A, Benobaid N, Alqallaf Z, Ahmed AA, Bahzad S, Almurshed M. Clinicopathological analysis of BRAF and non-BRAF MAPK pathway-altered gliomas in paediatric and adult patients: a single-institution study of 40 patients. J Clin Pathol 2024:jcp-2023-209318. [PMID: 38195220 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-209318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway alteration is a major oncogenic driver in paediatric low-grade gliomas (LGG) and some adult gliomas, encompassing BRAF (most common) and non-BRAF alterations. The aim was to determine the frequency, molecular spectrum and clinicopathological features of MAPK-altered gliomas in paediatric and adult patients at our neuropathology site in Kuwait. METHODS We retrospectively searched the data of molecularly sequenced gliomas between 2018 and 2023 for MAPK alterations, revised the pathology in view of the 2021 WHO classification and evaluated the clinicopathological data for possible correlations. RESULTS Of 272 gliomas, 40 (15%) harboured a MAPK pathway alteration in 19 paediatric (median 9.6 years; 1.2-17.6) and 21 adult patients (median 37 years; 18.9-89.2), comprising 42% and 9% of paediatric and adult cases, respectively. Pilocytic astrocytoma and glioblastoma were the most frequent diagnoses in children (47%) and adults (43%), respectively. BRAF V600E (n=17, 43%) showed a wide distribution across age groups, locations and pathological diagnoses while KIAA1549::BRAF fusion (n=8, 20%) was spatially and histologically restricted to cerebellar paediatric LGGs. Non-V600E variants and BRAF amplifications accompanied other molecular aberrations in high-grade tumours. Non-BRAF MAPK alterations (n=8) included mutations and gene fusions involving FGFR1, NTRK2, NF1, ROS1 and MYB. Fusions included KANK1::NTRK2, GOPC::ROS1 (both infant hemispheric gliomas), FGFR1::TACC1 (diffuse LGG), MYB::QKI (angiocentric glioma) and BCR::NTRK2 (glioblastoma). Paradoxical H3 K27M/MAPK co-mutations were observed in two LGGs. CONCLUSION The study provided insights into MAPK-altered gliomas in Kuwait highlighting the differences among paediatric and adult patients and providing a framework for planning therapeutic polices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola H Ali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Hawalli, Kuwait
- Department of Histopathology, Al Sabah Hospital, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Mohamad Almanabri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ibn Sina Hospital, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Nawal Y Ali
- Department of Radiology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad R Alsaber
- Department of Management, College of Business and Economics, American University of Kuwait, Salmiya, Hawalli, Kuwait
| | - Nisreen M Khalifa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, NBK Children's Hospital, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Rania Hussein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Mona Alateeqi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Eiman M A Mohammed
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Hiba Jama
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Ammar Almarzooq
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Noelle Benobaid
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Zainab Alqallaf
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Amir A Ahmed
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Shakir Bahzad
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Maryam Almurshed
- Department of Histopathology, Al Sabah Hospital, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
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46
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Fangusaro J, Jones DT, Packer RJ, Gutmann DH, Milde T, Witt O, Mueller S, Fisher MJ, Hansford JR, Tabori U, Hargrave D, Bandopadhayay P. Pediatric low-grade glioma: State-of-the-art and ongoing challenges. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:25-37. [PMID: 37944912 PMCID: PMC10768984 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumor is pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG), representing 30%-40% of all CNS tumors in children. Although there is high associated morbidity, tumor-related mortality is relatively rare. pLGG is now conceptualized as a chronic disease, underscoring the importance of functional outcomes and quality-of-life measures. A wealth of data has emerged about these tumors, including a better understanding of their natural history and their molecular drivers, paving the way for the use of targeted inhibitors. While these treatments have heralded tremendous promise, challenges remain about how to best optimize their use, and the long-term toxicities associated with these inhibitors remain unknown. The International Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Coalition (iPLGGc) is a global group of physicians and scientists with expertise in pLGG focused on addressing key pLGG issues. Here, the iPLGGc provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in pLGG, including epidemiology, histology, molecular landscape, treatment paradigms, survival outcomes, functional outcomes, imaging response, and ongoing challenges. This paper also serves as an introduction to 3 other pLGG manuscripts on (1) pLGG preclinical models, (2) consensus framework for conducting early-phase clinical trials in pLGG, and (3) pLGG resistance, rebound, and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Fangusaro
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David T Jones
- Translational Program, Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roger J Packer
- Brain Tumor Institute, Daniel and Jennifer Gilbert Neurofibromatosis Institute, Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Till Milde
- Translational Program, Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- KiTZ Clinical Trial Unit (ZIPO), Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Translational Program, Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- KiTZ Clinical Trial Unit (ZIPO), Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Fisher
- Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jordan R Hansford
- Michael Rice Centre for Hematology and Oncology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australia ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Uri Tabori
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren Hargrave
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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47
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Galbraith K, Serrano J, Shen G, Tran I, Slocum CC, Ketchum C, Abdullaev Z, Turakulov R, Bale T, Ladanyi M, Sukhadia P, Zaidinski M, Mullaney K, DiNapoli S, Liechty BL, Barbaro M, Allen JC, Gardner SL, Wisoff J, Harter D, Hidalgo ET, Golfinos JG, Orringer DA, Aldape K, Benhamida J, Wrzeszczynski KO, Jour G, Snuderl M. Impact of Rare and Multiple Concurrent Gene Fusions on Diagnostic DNA Methylation Classifier in Brain Tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:21-28. [PMID: 37870438 PMCID: PMC10942665 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an essential molecular assay for central nervous system (CNS) tumor diagnostics. While some fusions define specific brain tumors, others occur across many different diagnoses. We performed a retrospective analysis of 219 primary CNS tumors with whole genome DNA methylation and RNA next-generation sequencing. DNA methylation profiling results were compared with RNAseq detected gene fusions. We detected 105 rare fusions involving 31 driver genes, including 23 fusions previously not implicated in brain tumors. In addition, we identified 6 multi-fusion tumors. Rare fusions and multi-fusion events can impact the diagnostic accuracy of DNA methylation by decreasing confidence in the result, such as BRAF, RAF, or FGFR1 fusions, or result in a complete mismatch, such as NTRK, EWSR1, FGFR, and ALK fusions. IMPLICATIONS DNA methylation signatures need to be interpreted in the context of pathology and discordant results warrant testing for novel and rare gene fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn Galbraith
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Serrano
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guomiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivy Tran
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheyanne C. Slocum
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College - New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Courtney Ketchum
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, National Institute of Health-Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, National Institute of Health-Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rust Turakulov
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, National Institute of Health-Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tejus Bale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Purvil Sukhadia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Zaidinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kerry Mullaney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara DiNapoli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Liechty
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College - New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marissa Barbaro
- Department of Neuro-oncology, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sharon L. Gardner
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wisoff
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Harter
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Eveline Teresa Hidalgo
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - John G. Golfinos
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Brain and Spine Tumor Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A. Orringer
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Brain and Spine Tumor Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, National Institute of Health-Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamal Benhamida
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Brain and Spine Tumor Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Brain and Spine Tumor Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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48
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Zhao Z, Song Z, Wang Z, Zhang F, Ding Z, Fan T. Advances in Molecular Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Astrocytomas. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241262483. [PMID: 39043042 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241262483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord astrocytoma (SCA) is a rare subtype of astrocytoma, posing challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Low-grade SCA can achieve long-term survival solely through surgery, while high-grade has a disappointing prognosis even with comprehensive treatment. Diagnostic criteria and standard treatment of intracranial astrocytoma have shown obvious limitations in SCA. Research on the molecular mechanism in SCA is lagging far behind that on intracranial astrocytoma. In recent years, huge breakthroughs have been made in molecular pathology of astrocytoma, and novel techniques have emerged, including DNA methylation analysis and radiomics. These advances are now making it possible to provide a precise diagnosis and develop corresponding treatment strategies in SCA. Our aim is to review the current status of diagnosis and treatment of SCA, and summarize the latest research advancement, including tumor subtype, molecular characteristics, diagnostic technology, and potential therapy strategies, thus deepening our understanding of this uncommon tumor type and providing guidance for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhao
- Spine Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zairan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Spine Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Ding
- Spine Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Spine Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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49
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Kim EY, Vavere AL, Snyder SE, Chiang J, Li Y, Patni T, Qaddoumi I, Merchant TE, Robinson GW, Holtrop JL, Shulkin BL, Bag AK. [11C]-methionine positron emission tomography in the evaluation of pediatric low-grade gliomas. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae056. [PMID: 38680989 PMCID: PMC11055465 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background [11C]-Methionine positron emission tomography (PET; [11C]-MET-PET) is principally used for the evaluation of brain tumors in adults. Although amino acid PET tracers are more commonly used in the evaluation of pediatric brain tumors, data on [11C]-MET-PET imaging of pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the roles of [11C]-MET-PET in the evaluation of pLGGs. Methods Eighteen patients with newly diagnosed pLGG and 26 previously treated pLGG patients underwent [11C]-MET-PET met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tumor-to-brain uptake ratio (TBR) and metabolic tumor volumes were assessed for diagnostic performances (newly diagnosed, 15; previously treated 26), change with therapy (newly diagnosed, 9; previously treated 7), and variability among different histology (n = 12) and molecular markers (n = 7) of pLGGs. Results The sensitivity of [11C]-MET-PET for diagnosing pLGG, newly diagnosed, and previously treated combined was 93% for both TBRmax and TBRpeak, 76% for TBRmean, and 95% for qualitative evaluation. TBRmax showed a statistically significant reduction after treatment, while other PET parameters showed a tendency to decrease. Median TBRmax, TBRpeak, and TBRmean values were slightly higher in the BRAFV600E mutated tumors compared to the BRAF fused tumors. Median TBRmax, and TBRpeak in diffuse astrocytomas were higher compared to pilocytic astrocytomas, but median TBRmean, was slightly higher in pilocytic astrocytomas. However, formal statistical analysis was not done due to the small sample size. Conclusions Our study shows that [11C]-MET-PET reliably characterizes new and previously treated pLGGs. Our study also shows that quantitative parameters tend to decrease with treatment, and differences may exist between various pLGG types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amy L Vavere
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott E Snyder
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jason Chiang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tushar Patni
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ibrahim Qaddoumi
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas E Merchant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Giles W Robinson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph L Holtrop
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Barry L Shulkin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Asim K Bag
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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50
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Krynina O, de Ståhl TD, Jylhä C, Arthur C, Giraud G, Nyman P, Fritzberg A, Sandgren J, Tham E, Sandvik U. The potential of liquid biopsy for detection of the KIAA1549-BRAF fusion in circulating tumor DNA from children with pilocytic astrocytoma. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae008. [PMID: 38371226 PMCID: PMC10874216 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) represent children's most prevalent central nervous system tumor, necessitating molecular profiling to diagnose and determine the most suitable treatment. Developing highly sensitive screening techniques for liquid biopsy samples is particularly beneficial, as it enables the early detection and molecular characterization of tumors with minimally invasive samples. Methods We examined CSF and plasma samples from patients with pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) using custom multiplexed droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assays based on whole genome sequencing data. These assays included a screening test to analyze BRAF duplication and a targeted assay for the detection of patient-specific KIAA1549::BRAF fusion junction sequences or single nucleotide variants. Results Our findings revealed that 5 out of 13 individual cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples tested positive for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Among these cases, 3 exhibited the KIAA1549::BRAF fusion, which was detected through copy number variation (CNV) analysis (n = 1) or a fusion-specific probe (n = 2), while 1 case each displayed the BRAF V600E mutation and the FGFR1 N577K mutation. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentrations in PA CSF samples showed that most cases had low cfDNA levels, below the limit of detection of our assay (<1.9 ng). Conclusions While CNV analysis of CSF samples from LGGs still has some limitations, it has the potential to serve as a valuable complementary tool. Furthermore, it can also be multiplexed with other aberrations, for example, to the BRAF V600 test, to provide important insights into the molecular characteristics of LGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Krynina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Jylhä
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Arthur
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geraldine Giraud
- Department of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Neuro-oncology, and Neurodegeneration Program Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Nyman
- Department of Health, Crown Princess Victoria Children´s Hospital, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Centre for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Fritzberg
- Daycare Unit of Oncology and Hematology, Clinic of Pediatrics Falun Hospital, Dalarna Region, Sweden
| | - Johanna Sandgren
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Sandvik
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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