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Young CC, Kan P, Chen SR, Lang FF. Endovascular surgical neuro-oncology: advancing a new subspecialty. J Neurooncol 2024; 170:31-40. [PMID: 39222190 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Endovascular surgical neuro-oncology is a relatively new subspecialty which uses endovascular neuro-interventional techniques for the management of nervous system tumors and tumor-related vascular conditions. Although there are several endovascular procedures that are widely available as standard-of-care diagnostic and treatment adjuncts, there has been a renewed interest to explore endovascular approaches as a means for selective intra-arterial delivery of therapeutic agents to nervous system tumors, including methods for opening the blood brain and blood tumor barriers. In this review, we discuss the historical development of various forms of endovascular intra-arterial treatment for tumors over the past 40 years, summarize endovascular approaches that are currently being employed, and highlight current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Young
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Kan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen R Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Wang M, Jia L, Dai X, Zhang X. Advanced strategies in improving the immunotherapeutic effect of CAR-T cell therapy. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1821-1848. [PMID: 38456710 PMCID: PMC11306536 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) cell therapy is a newly developed immunotherapy strategy and has achieved satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, some adverse effects related to CAR-T cell therapy have to be resolved before it is widely used in clinics as a cancer treatment. Furthermore, the application of CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of solid tumors has been hampered by numerous limitations. Therefore, it is essential to explore novel strategies to improve the therapeutic effect of CAR-T cell therapy. In this review, we summarized the recently developed strategies aimed at optimizing the generation of CAR-T cells and improving the anti-tumor efficiency of CAR-T cell therapy. Furthermore, the discovery of new targets for CAR-T cell therapy and the combined treatment strategies of CAR-T cell therapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, cancer vaccines and nanomaterials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of EducationFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human DiseaseFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Linzi Jia
- Department of General MedicineShanxi Province Cancer HospitalTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of EducationFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human DiseaseFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of EducationFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human DiseaseFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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3
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Gu X, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Wang F, Yan F, Gao H, Wang W. Infusion and delivery strategies to maximize the efficacy of CAR-T cell immunotherapy for cancers. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:70. [PMID: 39061100 PMCID: PMC11282638 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has achieved substantial clinical outcomes for tumors, especially for hematological malignancies. However, extending the duration of remission, reduction of relapse for hematological malignancies and improvement of the anti-tumor efficacy for solid tumors are challenges for CAR-T cells immunotherapy. Besides the endeavors to enhance the functionality of CAR-T cell per se, optimization of the infusion and delivery strategies facilitates the breakthrough of the hurdles that limited the efficacy of this cancer immunotherapy. Here, we summarized the infusion and delivery strategies of CAR-T cell therapies under pre-clinical study, clinical trials and on-market status, through which the improvements of safety and efficacy for hematological and solid tumors were analyzed. Of note, novel infusion and delivery strategies, including local-regional infusion, biomaterials bearing the CAR-T cells and multiple infusion technique, overcome many limitations of CAR-T cell therapy. This review provides hints to determine infusion and delivery strategies of CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy to maximize clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gu
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyang Yan
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haozhan Gao
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Chen Q, Sun Y, Li H. Application of CAR-T cell therapy targeting mesothelin in solid tumor treatment. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:289. [PMID: 39023820 PMCID: PMC11258118 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy is one of the most effective immunotherapies. CAR-T-cell therapy has achieved great success in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, due to the characteristics of solid malignant tumors, such as on-target effects, off-tumor toxicity, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and insufficient trafficking, CAR-T-cell therapy for solid tumors is still in the exploration stage. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a molecule expressed on the surface of various solid malignant tumor cells that is suitable as a target of tumor cells with high MSLN expression for CAR-T-cell therapy. This paper briefly described the development of CAR-T cell therapy and the structural features of MSLN, and especially summarized the strategies of structure optimization of MSLN-targeting CAR-T-cells and the enhancement methods of MSLN-targeting CAR-T cell anti-tumor efficacy by summarizing some preclinical experiment and clinical trials. When considering MSLN-targeting CAR-T-cell therapy as an example, this paper summarizes the efforts made by researchers in CAR-T-cell therapy for solid tumors and summarizes feasible treatment plans by integrating the existing research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Guo J, Zeng X, Zhu Y, Yang D, Zhao X. Mesothelin-based CAR-T cells exhibit potent antitumor activity against ovarian cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:367. [PMID: 38637885 PMCID: PMC11025286 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by its rapid growth and spread which, accompanied by a low 5-year survival rate, necessitates the development of improved treatments. In ovarian cancer, the selective overexpression of Mucin-16 (MUC16, CA125) in tumor cells highlights its potential as a promising target for developing anti-tumor therapies. However, the potential effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapy that targets MUC16 in ovarian cancer cells is unknown. METHODS The expression of MUC16 in viable OC cells was detected using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry techniques. A MSLN-CAR construct, comprising the MUC16-binding polypeptide region of mesothelin (MSLN), a CD8 hinge spacer and transmembrane domain, 4-1BB, and CD3ζ endo-domains; was synthesized and introduced into T cells using lentiviral particles. The cytotoxicity of the resultant CAR-T cells was evaluated in vitro using luciferase assays. Cytokine release by CAR-T cells was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The anti-tumor efficacy of the CAR-T cells was subsequently assessed in mice through both systemic and local administration protocols. RESULTS MSLN-CAR T cells exhibited potent cytotoxicity towards OVCAR3 cells and their stem-like cells that express high levels of MUC16. Also, MSLN-CAR T cells were inefficient at killing SKOV3 cells that express low levels of MUC16, but were potently cytotoxic to such cells overexpressing MUC16. Moreover, MSLN-CAR T cells delivered via tail vein or peritoneal injection could shrink OVCAR3 xenograft tumors in vivo, with sustained remission observed following peritoneal delivery of MSLN-CAR T cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggested that MSLN-CAR T cells could potently eliminate MUC16- positive ovarian cancer tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo, thereby providing a promising therapeutic intervention for MUC16-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaozhu Zeng
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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6
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Zhang T, Tai Z, Miao F, Zhang X, Li J, Zhu Q, Wei H, Chen Z. Adoptive cell therapy for solid tumors beyond CAR-T: Current challenges and emerging therapeutic advances. J Control Release 2024; 368:372-396. [PMID: 38408567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy using immune cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is a highly specific anti-tumor immunotherapy that has shown promise in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, there has been a slow progress toward the treatment of solid tumors owing to the complex tumor microenvironment that affects the localization and killing ability of the CAR cells. Solid tumors with a strong immunosuppressive microenvironment and complex vascular system are unaffected by CAR cell infiltration and attack. To improve their efficacy toward solid tumors, CAR cells have been modified and upgraded by "decorating" and "pruning". This review focuses on the structure and function of CARs, the immune cells that can be engineered by CARs and the transformation strategies to overcome solid tumors, with a view to broadening ideas for the better application of CAR cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingrui Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fengze Miao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jiadong Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
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7
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Bellis RY, Adusumilli PS, Amador-Molina A. DLL3-targeted CAR T-cell therapy in pre-clinical models for small cell lung cancer: safety, efficacy, and challenges. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2024; 13:694-698. [PMID: 38601455 PMCID: PMC11002519 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Y. Bellis
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prasad S. Adusumilli
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alfredo Amador-Molina
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Liao YM, Hsu SH, Chiou SS. Harnessing the Transcriptional Signatures of CAR-T-Cells and Leukemia/Lymphoma Using Single-Cell Sequencing Technologies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2416. [PMID: 38397092 PMCID: PMC10889174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has greatly improved outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies. However, challenges such as treatment resistance, relapse, and severe toxicity still hinder its widespread clinical application. Traditional transcriptome analysis has provided limited insights into the complex transcriptional landscape of both leukemia cells and engineered CAR-T-cells, as well as their interactions within the tumor microenvironment. However, with the advent of single-cell sequencing techniques, a paradigm shift has occurred, providing robust tools to unravel the complexities of these factors. These techniques enable an unbiased analysis of cellular heterogeneity and molecular patterns. These insights are invaluable for precise receptor design, guiding gene-based T-cell modification, and optimizing manufacturing conditions. Consequently, this review utilizes modern single-cell sequencing techniques to clarify the transcriptional intricacies of leukemia cells and CAR-Ts. The aim of this manuscript is to discuss the potential mechanisms that contribute to the clinical failures of CAR-T immunotherapy. We examine the biological characteristics of CAR-Ts, the mechanisms that govern clinical responses, and the intricacies of adverse events. By exploring these aspects, we hope to gain a deeper understanding of CAR-T therapy, which will ultimately lead to improved clinical outcomes and broader therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Liao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Genomics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shin Chiou
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Genomics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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9
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Zhou J, Du H, Cai W. Narrative review: precision medicine applications in neuroblastoma-current status and future prospects. Transl Pediatr 2024; 13:164-177. [PMID: 38323175 PMCID: PMC10839273 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common malignant tumor in children, and its treatment remains challenging. Precision medicine, as an individualized treatment strategy, aims to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity by combining unique patient- and tumor-related factors, bringing new hope for NB treatment. In this article, we review the evidence related to precision medicine in NB, with a focus on potential clinically actionable targets and a series of targeted drugs associated with NB. Methods We conducted an extensive search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science using key terms and database-specific strategies, filtered for time and language, to ensure a comprehensive collection of literature related to precision medicine in NB. The main search terms consisted of "neuroblastoma", "precision medicine", "pediatrics", and "targeting". The articles included in this study encompass those published from 1985 to the present, without restrictions on the type of articles. Key Content and Findings ALK inhibitors and MYCN inhibitors have been developed to interfere with tumor cell growth and dissemination, thereby improving treatment outcomes. Additionally, systematic testing to identify relevant driver mutations is crucial and can be used for diagnosis and prognostic assessment through the detection of many associated molecular markers. Furthermore, liquid biopsy, a non-invasive tumor detection method, can complement tissue biopsy and play a role in NB by analyzing circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells to provide genetic information and molecular characteristics of the tumor. Recently, trials conducted by many pediatric oncology groups have shown the urgent need for new approaches to cure relapsed and refractory patients. Conclusions The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest advances in clinical treatment of NB, to better understand and focus on the development of promising treatment approaches, and to expedite the transition to the precision medicine clinical relevance in NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongmei Du
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weisong Cai
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Liu Y, Peng C, Ahad F, Ali Zaidi SA, Muluh TA, Fu Q. Advanced Strategies of CAR-T Cell Therapy in Solid Tumors and Hematological Malignancies. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:557-572. [PMID: 38213150 DOI: 10.2174/0115748928277331231218115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, known as CAR-T cells, represent a promising breakthrough in the realm of adoptive cell therapy. These T-cells are genetically engineered to carry chimeric antigen receptors that specifically target tumors. They have achieved notable success in the treatment of blood-related cancers, breathing new life into this field of medical research. However, numerous obstacles limit chimeric antigen receptors T-cell therapy's efficacy, such as it cannot survive in the body long. It is prone to fatigue and exhaustion, leading to difficult tumor elimination and repeated recurrence, affecting solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The challenges posed by solid tumors, especially in the context of the complex solid-tumor microenvironment, require specific strategies. This review outlines recent advancements in improving chimeric antigen receptors T-cell therapy by focusing on the chimeric antigen receptors protein, modifying T-cells, and optimizing the interaction between T-cells and other components within the tumor microenvironment. This article aims to provide an extensive summary of the latest discoveries regarding CAR-T cell therapy, encompassing its application across various types of human cancers. Moreover, it will delve into the obstacles that have emerged in recent times, offering insights into the challenges faced by this innovative approach. Finally, it highlights novel therapeutic options in treating hematological and solid malignancies with chimeric antigen receptors T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PRC China
| | - Cao Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan PRC China
| | - Faiza Ahad
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Syed Aqib Ali Zaidi
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tobias Achu Muluh
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiuxia Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan PRC China
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11
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Wala JA, Hanna GJ. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:1149-1168. [PMID: 37353377 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
We review chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for solid tumors. We discuss patient selection factors and aspects of clinical management. We describe challenges including physical and molecular barriers to trafficking CAR-Ts, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and difficulty finding cell surface target antigens. The application of new approaches in synthetic biology and cellular engineering toward solid tumor CAR-Ts is described. Finally, we summarize reported and ongoing clinical trials of CAR-T therapies for select disease sites such as head and neck (including thyroid cancer), lung, central nervous system (glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, glioma), sarcoma, genitourinary (prostate, renal, bladder, kidney), breast and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A Wala
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building 2nd Floor, Room 2-140, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Glenn J Hanna
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building 2nd Floor, Room 2-140, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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12
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Zheng H, Li M, Wu L, Liu W, Liu Y, Gao J, Lu Z. Progress in the application of hydrogels in immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2161670. [PMID: 36587630 PMCID: PMC9809389 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2161670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumors are the most common cancers with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. Surgery accompanied by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy remains the first option for gastrointestinal tumors. However, poor specificity for tumor cells of these postoperative treatments often leads to severe side effects and poor prognosis. Tumor immunotherapy, including checkpoint blockade and tumor vaccines, has developed rapidly in recent years, showing good curative effects and minimal side effects in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend tumor immunotherapy as part of the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. However, the heterogeneity of tumor cells, complicacy of the tumor microenvironment and poor tumor immunogenicity hamper the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy. Hydrogels, defined as three-dimensional, hydrophilic, and water-insoluble polymeric networks, could significantly improve the overall response rate of immunotherapy due to their superior drug loading efficacy, controlled release and drug codelivery ability. In this article, we briefly describe the research progress made in recent years on hydrogel delivery systems in immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tumors and discuss the potential future application prospects and challenges to provide a reference for the clinical application of hydrogels in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenshang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Jie Gao Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Zhengmao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Zhengmao Lu Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
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13
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Melero I, Ochoa MC, Molina C, Sanchez‐Gregorio S, Garasa S, Luri‐Rey C, Hervas‐Stubbs S, Casares N, Elizalde E, Gomis G, Cirella A, Berraondo P, Teijeira A, Alvarez M. Intratumoral co-injection of NK cells and NKG2A-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17804. [PMID: 37782273 PMCID: PMC10630884 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NK-cell reactivity against cancer is conceivably suppressed in the tumor microenvironment by the interaction of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A with the non-classical MHC-I molecules HLA-E in humans or Qa-1b in mice. We found that intratumoral delivery of NK cells attains significant therapeutic effects only if co-injected with anti-NKG2A and anti-Qa-1b blocking monoclonal antibodies against solid mouse tumor models. Such therapeutic activity was contingent on endogenous CD8 T cells and type-1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1). Moreover, the anti-tumor effects were enhanced upon combination with systemic anti-PD-1 mAb treatment and achieved partial abscopal efficacy against distant non-injected tumors. In xenografted mice bearing HLA-E-expressing human cancer cells, intratumoral co-injection of activated allogeneic human NK cells and clinical-grade anti-NKG2A mAb (monalizumab) synergistically achieved therapeutic effects. In conclusion, these studies provide evidence for the clinical potential of intratumoral NK cell-based immunotherapies that exert their anti-tumor efficacy as a result of eliciting endogenous T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melero
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
- Departments of Immunology and OncologyClínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Maria C Ochoa
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Carmen Molina
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Sandra Sanchez‐Gregorio
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Saray Garasa
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Carlos Luri‐Rey
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Sandra Hervas‐Stubbs
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Edurne Elizalde
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Gabriel Gomis
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Assunta Cirella
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Alvaro Teijeira
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMAUniversidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissue GroupBiocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldoSpain
- Research Unit, Basque Center for Blood Transfusion and Human TissuesOsakidetzaGaldakaoSpain
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14
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Byun AJ, Grosser RA, Choe JK, Rizk NP, Tang LH, Molena D, Tan KS, Restle D, Cheema W, Zhu A, Gerdes H, Markowitz AJ, Bains MS, Rusch VW, Jones DR, Adusumilli PS. A Prospective Clinical Trial to Evaluate Mesothelin as a Biomarker for the Clinical Management of Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e1003-e1010. [PMID: 37185875 PMCID: PMC10593105 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the utility of serum soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP) and tumor mesothelin expression in the management of esophageal adenocarcinoma (ADC). BACKGROUND Clinical management of esophageal ADC is limited by a lack of accurate evaluation of tumor burden, treatment response, and disease recurrence. Our retrospective data showed that tumor mesothelin and its serum correlate, SMRP, are overexpressed and associated with poor outcomes in patients with esophageal ADC. METHODS Serum SMRP and tumoral mesothelin expression from 101 patients with locally advanced esophageal ADC were analyzed before induction chemoradiation (pretreatment) and at the time of resection (posttreatment), as a biomarker for treatment response, disease recurrence, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Pre and posttreatment serum SMRP was ≥1 nM in 49% and 53%, and pre and post-treatment tumor mesothelin expression was >25% in 35% and 46% of patients, respectively. Pretreatment serum SMRP was not significantly associated with tumor stage ( P = 0.9), treatment response (radiologic response, P = 0.4; pathologic response, P = 0.7), or recurrence ( P =0.229). Pretreatment tumor mesothelin expression was associated with OS (hazard ratio: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.14-3.79; P = 0.017) but had no statistically significant association with recurrence ( P = 0.9). Three-year OS of patients with pretreatment tumor mesothelin expression of ≤25% was 78% (95% CI: 68%-89%), compared with 49% (95% CI: 35%-70%) among those with >25%. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment tumor mesothelin expression is prognostic of OS for patients with locally advanced esophageal ADC, whereas serum SMRP is not a reliable biomarker for monitoring treatment response or recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Byun
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel A. Grosser
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennie K. Choe
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nabil P. Rizk
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Laura H. Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Molena
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kay See Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Restle
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Waseem Cheema
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Zhu
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans Gerdes
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnold J. Markowitz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manjit S. Bains
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valerie W. Rusch
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David R. Jones
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prasad S. Adusumilli
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Yang P, Yu F, Yao Z, Ding X, Xu H, Zhang J. CD24 is a novel target of chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3191-3202. [PMID: 37418008 PMCID: PMC10991104 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with the highest degree of malignancy and the worst prognosis. The application of immunotherapy for TNBC is limited. This study was to verify the potential application of chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-T cells) targeting CD24 named as 24BBz in treatment of TNBC. 24BBz was constructed by lentivirus infection and then was co-culture with breast cancer cell lines to evaluate the activation, proliferation and cytotoxicity of engineered T cells. The anti-tumor activity of 24BBz was verified in the subcutaneous xenograft model of nude mice. We found that CD24 gene was significantly up-regulated in breast cancer (BRCA), especially in TNBC. 24BBz showed antigen-specific activation and dose-dependent cytotoxicity against CD24-positive BRCA tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, 24BBz showed significant anti-tumor effect in CD24-positive TNBC xenografts and T cells infiltration in tumor tissues, while some T cells exhibited exhaustion. No pathological damage of major organs was found during the treatment. This study proved that CD24-specific CAR-T cells have potent anti-tumor activity and potential application value in treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Yang
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Anji Biological Technology Co., LTD, Nanjing, 210033, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yao
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Ding
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Liang T, Song Y, Gu L, Wang Y, Ma W. Insight into the Progress in CAR-T Cell Therapy and Combination with Other Therapies for Glioblastoma. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:4121-4141. [PMID: 37720174 PMCID: PMC10503554 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s418837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain cancer in adults. It is always resistant to existing treatments, including surgical resection, postoperative radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, which leads to a dismal prognosis and a high relapse rate. Therefore, novel curative therapies are urgently needed for GBM. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has significantly improved life expectancy for hematological malignancies patients, and thus it increases the interest in applying CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. In the recently published research, it is indicated that there are numerous obstacles to achieve clinical benefits for solid tumors, especially for GBM, because of GBM anatomical characteristics (the blood-brain barrier and suppressive tumor microenvironment) and the tumor heterogeneity. CAR-T cells are difficult to penetrate blood-brain barrier, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which induces CAR-T cell exhaustion, impairs CAR-T cell therapy response. Moreover, under the pressure of CAR-T cell therapy, the tumor heterogeneity and tumor plasticity drive tumor evolution and therapy resistance, such as antigen escape. Nonetheless, scientists strive for strategies to overcome these hurdles, including novel CAR-T cell designs and regional delivery. For instance, the structure of multi-antigen-targeted CAR-T cells can enrich CAR-T accumulation in tumor TME and eliminate abundant tumor cells to avoid tumor antigen heterogeneity. Additionally, paired with an immune modifier and one or more stimulating domains, different generation of innovations in the structure and manufacturing of CAR-T cells have improved efficacy and persistence. While single CAR-T cell therapy receives limited clinical survival benefit. Compared with single CAR-T cell therapy, the combination therapies have supplemented the treatment paradigm. Combinatorial treatment methods consolidate the CAR-T cells efficacy by regulating the tumor microenvironment, optimizing the CAR structure, targeting the CAR-T cells to the tumor cells, reversing the tumor-immune escape mechanisms, and represent a promising avenue against GBM, based on multiple impressive research. Moreover, exciting results are also reported to be realized through combining effective therapies with CAR-T cells in preclinical and clinical trials samples, have aroused inspiration to explore the antitumor function of combination therapies. In summary, this study aims to summarize the limitation of CAR-T cell therapies and introduces novel strategies to enhance CAR-T cell function as well as prospect the potential of the therapeutic combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingui Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Xiong Y, Taleb M, Misawa K, Hou Z, Banerjee S, Amador-Molina A, Jones DR, Chintala NK, Adusumilli PS. c-Kit signaling potentiates CAR T cell efficacy in solid tumors by CD28- and IL-2-independent co-stimulation. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1001-1015. [PMID: 37336986 PMCID: PMC10765546 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The limited efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for solid tumors necessitates engineering strategies that promote functional persistence in an immunosuppressive environment. Herein, we use c-Kit signaling, a physiological pathway associated with stemness in hematopoietic progenitor cells (T cells lose expression of c-Kit during differentiation). CAR T cells with intracellular expression, but no cell-surface receptor expression, of the c-Kit D816V mutation (KITv) have upregulated STAT phosphorylation, antigen activation-dependent proliferation and CD28- and interleukin-2-independent and interferon-γ-mediated co-stimulation, augmenting the cytotoxicity of first-generation CAR T cells. This translates to enhanced survival, including in transforming growth factor-β-rich and low-antigen-expressing solid tumor models. KITv CAR T cells have equivalent or better in vivo efficacy than second-generation CAR T cells and are susceptible to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (safety switch). When combined with CD28 co-stimulation, KITv co-stimulation functions as a third signal, enhancing efficacy and providing a potent approach to treat solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Xiong
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meriem Taleb
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyohei Misawa
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhaohua Hou
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Srijita Banerjee
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alfredo Amador-Molina
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David R Jones
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navin K Chintala
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prasad S Adusumilli
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Yang Y, Yang Y, Liu D, Wang Y, Lu M, Zhang Q, Huang J, Li Y, Ma T, Yan F, Zheng H. In-vivo programmable acoustic manipulation of genetically engineered bacteria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3297. [PMID: 37280199 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers can control target movement through the momentum interaction between an acoustic wave and an object. This technology has advantages over optical tweezers for in-vivo cell manipulation due to its high tissue penetrability and strong acoustic radiation force. However, normal cells are difficult to acoustically manipulate because of their small size and the similarity between their acoustic impedance and that of the medium. In this study, we use the heterologous expression of gene clusters to generate genetically engineered bacteria that can produce numerous sub-micron gas vesicles in the bacterial cytoplasm. We show that the presence of the gas vesicles significantly enhances the acoustic sensitivity of the engineering bacteria, which can be manipulated by ultrasound. We find that by employing phased-array-based acoustic tweezers, the engineering bacteria can be trapped into clusters and manipulated in vitro and in vivo via electronically steered acoustic beams, enabling the counter flow or on-demand flow of these bacteria in the vasculature of live mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the aggregation efficiency of engineering bacteria in a tumour is improved by utilizing this technology. This study provides a platform for the in-vivo manipulation of live cells, which will promote the progress of cell-based biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yaozhang Yang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518132, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dingyuan Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minqiao Lu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiqing Huang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongchuan Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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19
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Restle D, Dux J, Li X, Byun AJ, Choe JK, Li Y, Vaghjiani RG, Thomas C, Misawa K, Tan KS, Jones DR, Chintala NK, Adusumilli PS. Organ-specific heterogeneity in tumor-infiltrating immune cells and cancer antigen expression in primary and autologous metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006609. [PMID: 37349126 PMCID: PMC10314697 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and cancer antigen expression, key factors for the development of immunotherapies, are usually based on the data from primary tumors due to availability of tissue for analysis; data from metastatic sites and their concordance with primary tumor are lacking. Although of the same origin from primary tumor, organ-specific differences in the TIME in metastases may contribute to discordant responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor agents. In immunologically 'cold' tumors, cancer antigen-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy can promote tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; however, data on distribution and intensity of cancer antigen expression in primary tumor and matched metastases are unavailable. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients who had undergone curative resection of pathological stage I-III primary lung adenocarcinoma from January 1995 to December 2012 followed by metastatic recurrence and resection of metastatic tumor (n=87). We investigated the relationship between the primary tumor and metastasis TIME (ie, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)) and cancer antigen expression (ie, mesothelin, CA125, and CEACAM6) using multiplex immunofluorescence. RESULTS Brain metastases (n=36) were observed to have fewer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and greater PD-L1-negative tumor-associated macrophages compared with the primary tumor (p<0.0001); this relatively inhibitory TIME was not observed in other metastatic sites. In one in three patients, expression of PD-L1 is discordant between primary and metastases. Effector-to-suppressor (E:S) cell ratio, median effector cells (CD20+ and CD3+) to suppressor cells (CD68/CD163+) ratio, in metastases was not significantly different between patients with varying E:S ratios in primary tumors. Cancer antigen distribution was comparable between primary and metastases; among patients with mesothelin, cancer antigen 125, or carcinoembryonic antigen adhesion molecule 6 expression in the primary tumor, the majority (51%-75%) had antigen expression in the metastases; however, antigen-expression intensity was heterogenous. CONCLUSIONS In patients with lung adenocarcinoma, brain metastases, but not other sites of metastases, exhibited a relatively immune-suppressive TIME; this should be considered in the context of differential response to immunotherapy in brain metastases. Among patients with cancer antigen expression in the primary tumor, the majority had antigen expression in metastases; these data can inform the selection of antigen-targeted CARs to treat patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Restle
- Thoracic Service, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Dux
- Surgery, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Thoracic Service, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Alexander J Byun
- Thoracic Service, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennie K Choe
- Thoracic Service, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Thoracic Service, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Pathology, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Raj G Vaghjiani
- Thoracic Service, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Thomas
- Thoracic Service, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyohei Misawa
- Thoracic Service, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kay See Tan
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David R Jones
- Thoracic Service, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Navin K Chintala
- Thoracic Service, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Prasad S Adusumilli
- Thoracic Service, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Huang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Fang C, Wang Y, Chen S, Chen R, Lei T, Zhang Y, Xu X, Li Y. Deciphering and advancing CAR T-cell therapy with single-cell sequencing technologies. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:80. [PMID: 37149643 PMCID: PMC10163813 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has made remarkable progress in cancer immunotherapy, but several challenges with unclear mechanisms hinder its wide clinical application. Single-cell sequencing technologies, with the powerful unbiased analysis of cellular heterogeneity and molecular patterns at unprecedented resolution, have greatly advanced our understanding of immunology and oncology. In this review, we summarize the recent applications of single-cell sequencing technologies in CAR T-cell therapy, including the biological characteristics, the latest mechanisms of clinical response and adverse events, promising strategies that contribute to the development of CAR T-cell therapy and CAR target selection. Generally, we propose a multi-omics research mode to guide potential future research on CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkang Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglong Fang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yazhuo Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sifei Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Runkai Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lei
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Brito-Orama S, Sheth RA. The Contemporary Landscape and Future Directions of Intratumoral Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2023; 6:84-90. [PMID: 37214205 PMCID: PMC10195020 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-22-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Systemically administered immunotherapies have revolutionized the care of patients with cancer; however, for many cancer types, most patients do not exhibit objective responses. Intratumoral immunotherapy is a burgeoning strategy that is designed to boost the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies across the spectrum of malignancies. By locally administering immune-activating therapies into the tumor itself, immunosuppressive barriers in the tumor microenvironment can be broken. Moreover, therapies too potent for systemic delivery can be safely administered to target location to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity. In order for these therapies to be effective, though, they must be effectively delivered into the target tumor lesion. In this review, we summarize the current landscape of intratumoral immunotherapies and highlight key concepts that influence intratumoral delivery, and by extension, efficacy. We also provide an overview of the breadth and depth of approved minimally invasive delivery devices that can be considered to improve delivery of intratumoral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brito-Orama
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rahul A. Sheth
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Olivera I, Bolaños E, Gonzalez-Gomariz J, Hervas-Stubbs S, Mariño KV, Luri-Rey C, Etxeberria I, Cirella A, Egea J, Glez-Vaz J, Garasa S, Alvarez M, Eguren-Santamaria I, Guedan S, Sanmamed MF, Berraondo P, Rabinovich GA, Teijeira A, Melero I. mRNAs encoding IL-12 and a decoy-resistant variant of IL-18 synergize to engineer T cells for efficacious intratumoral adoptive immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100978. [PMID: 36933554 PMCID: PMC10040457 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene transfer enhances the therapeutic potency of adoptive T cell therapies. We previously reported that transient engineering of tumor-specific CD8 T cells with IL-12 mRNA enhanced their systemic therapeutic efficacy when delivered intratumorally. Here, we mix T cells engineered with mRNAs to express either single-chain IL-12 (scIL-12) or an IL-18 decoy-resistant variant (DRIL18) that is not functionally hampered by IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). These mRNA-engineered T cell mixtures are repeatedly injected into mouse tumors. Pmel-1 T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic T cells electroporated with scIL-12 or DRIL18 mRNAs exert powerful therapeutic effects in local and distant melanoma lesions. These effects are associated with T cell metabolic fitness, enhanced miR-155 control on immunosuppressive target genes, enhanced expression of various cytokines, and changes in the glycosylation profile of surface proteins, enabling adhesiveness to E-selectin. Efficacy of this intratumoral immunotherapeutic strategy is recapitulated in cultures of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells on IL-12 and DRIL18 mRNA electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Olivera
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elixabet Bolaños
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose Gonzalez-Gomariz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervas-Stubbs
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Carlos Luri-Rey
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Etxeberria
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Assunta Cirella
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josune Egea
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Glez-Vaz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saray Garasa
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Eguren-Santamaria
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sonia Guedan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Alvaro Teijeira
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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23
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Zhu X, Li W, Gao J, Shen J, Xu Y, Zhang C, Qian C. RUNX3 improves CAR-T cell phenotype and reduces cytokine release while maintaining CAR-T function. Med Oncol 2023; 40:89. [PMID: 36735165 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CAR-T therapy has shown successful in the treatment of certain types of hematological malignancy, while the efficacy of CAR-T cell in treating solid tumors has been limited due to the exhaustion of CAR-T caused by the tumor microenvironment in solid tumors. Therefore, improving the exhaustion of CAR-T cell is one of the inspiring strategies for CAR-T treatment of solid tumors. As an important regulator in T cell immunity, the transcription factor RUNX3 not only negatively regulates the terminal differentiation T-bet gene, reducing the ultimate differentiation of T cells, but also increases the residency of T cells in non-lymphoid tissues and tumors. By overexpressing RUNX3 in CAR-T cells, we found that increasing the expression of RUNX3 maintained the low differentiation of CAR-T cells, further improving the exhaustion of CAR-T cells during antigen stimulation. In vitro, we found that RUNX3 could reduce the release of cytokines while maintaining CAR-T cells function. In re-challenge experiments, CAR-T cells overexpressing RUNX3 (Runx3-OE CAR-T) were safer than conventional CAR-T cells, while RUNX3 could also maintain the anti-tumor efficacy of CAR-T cells in vivo. Collectively, we found that Runx3-OE CAR-T cells can improve CAR-T phenotype and reduce cytokines release while maintaining CAR-T cells function, which may improve the safety of CAR-T therapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Zhu
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Wuling Li
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jiadong Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Gene and Cell Therapy, Chongqing Institute of Precision Medicine and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Gene and Cell Therapy, Chongqing Institute of Precision Medicine and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanmin Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Gene and Cell Therapy, Chongqing Institute of Precision Medicine and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Cheng Qian
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China. .,Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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24
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Li G, Xu S, Yang S, Wu C, Zhang L, Wang H. An immune infiltration-related long non-coding RNAs signature predicts prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:1029576. [PMID: 36568382 PMCID: PMC9773198 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1029576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With a high incidence and dismal survival rate, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tops the list of the world's most frequent malignant tumors. Immunotherapy is a new approach to cancer treatment, and its effect on prolonging overall survival (OS) varies from patient to patient. For a more effective prognosis and treatment of HCC, we are committed to identifying immune infiltration-related long non-coding RNAs (IIRLs) with prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: In our study, we calculated immune scores of 369 hepatocellular carcinoma samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database by using an estimation algorithm, and obtained long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with immune infiltration by using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network analysis (WGCNA). For training cohort, univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to determine prognostic IIRLs, we established a prognostic IIRLs signature. By testing cohort and entire cohort, we confirmed that the signature is practical. The prognosis of people with different clinicopathological stages and risk scores were predicted by the nomogram we constructed. In addition, Immune cell infiltration analysis and prediction of therapeutic drugs were performed. Results: 93 IIRLs were obtained by WGCNA. Furthermore, the prognostic value of these IIRLs were evaluated by using univariate Cox, Lasso and multivariate Cox analysis. Four IIRLs were used to create a signature with a prognosis. Time-related receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that this model had an acceptable prognostic value for HCC patients. By using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, this risk score has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor for HCC. The nomogram we made showed good predictions. Except for that, the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) was likely to be more effective for low-risk patients. Conclusion: Based on four IIRLs, a prognostic signature was created in this research showed good accuracy in predicting OS. This study also provided valuable references for Immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaodian Xu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Wu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hongbing Wang,
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25
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Chen Q, Lu L, Ma W. Efficacy, Safety, and Challenges of CAR T-Cells in the Treatment of Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235983. [PMID: 36497465 PMCID: PMC9739567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been the fifth pillar of cancer treatment in the past decade. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a newly designed adoptive immunotherapy that is able to target and further eliminate cancer cells by engaging with MHC-independent tumor-antigens. CAR T-cell therapy has exhibited conspicuous clinical efficacy in hematological malignancies, but more than half of patients will relapse. Of note, the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy has been even more disappointing in solid tumors. These challenges mainly include (1) the failures of CAR T-cells to treat highly heterogeneous solid tumors due to the difficulty in identifying unique tumor antigen targets, (2) the expression of target antigens in non-cancer cells, (3) the inability of CAR T-cells to effectively infiltrate solid tumors, (4) the short lifespan and lack of persistence of CAR T-cells, and (5) cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. In combination with these characteristics, the ideal CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors should maintain adequate T-cell response over a long term while sparing healthy tissues. This article reviewed the status, clinical application, efficacy, safety, and challenges of CAR T-cell therapies, as well as the latest progress of CAR T-cell therapies for solid tumors. In addition, the potential strategies to improve the efficacy of CAR T-cells and prevent side effects in solid tumors were also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cancer Center and Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-246-1477
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26
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Quach HT, Hou Z, Bellis RY, Saini JK, Amador-Molina A, Adusumilli PS, Xiong Y. Next-generation immunotherapy for solid tumors: combination immunotherapy with crosstalk blockade of TGFβ and PD-1/PD-L1. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:1187-1202. [PMID: 36448335 PMCID: PMC10085570 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2152323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In solid tumor immunotherapy, less than 20% of patients respond to anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) agents. The role of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in diverse immunity is well-established; however, systemic blockade of TGFβ is associated with toxicity. Accumulating evidence suggests the role of crosstalk between TGFβ and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways. AREAS COVERED We focus on TGFβ and PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway crosstalk and the determinant role of TGFβ in the resistance of immune checkpoint blockade. We provide the rationale for combination anti-TGFβ and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies for solid tumors and discuss the current status of dual blockade therapy in preclinical and clinical studies. EXPERT OPINION The heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment across solid tumors complicates patient selection, treatment regimens, and response and toxicity assessment for investigation of dual blockade agents. However, clinical knowledge from single-agent studies provides infrastructure to translate dual blockade therapies. Dual TGFβ and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade results in enhanced T-cell infiltration into tumors, a primary requisite for successful immunotherapy. A bifunctional fusion protein specifically targets TGFβ in the tumor microenvironment, avoiding systemic toxicity, and prevents interaction of PD-1+ cytotoxic cells with PD-L1+ tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue Tu Quach
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhaohua Hou
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Rebecca Y. Bellis
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jasmeen K. Saini
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alfredo Amador-Molina
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Prasad S. Adusumilli
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Director, Mesothelioma Program; Head, Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yuquan Xiong
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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27
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Adotévi O, Galaine J. Antitumor CAR T-cell Screening Platform: Many Are Called, but Few Are Chosen. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2517-2519. [PMID: 35844172 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is a promising anticancer therapy. However, this approach has several limitations and has not yet been effectively applied to treat solid tumors. The study by Panowski and colleagues represents the first comparative analysis of multiple single chain fragment variable (scFv)-based anti-CD70 CAR T-cell clones for the development of a clinical product to treat renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Despite the risk of T-cell fratricide due to CD70 expression on T cells, CD70 CAR T cells were produced successfully thanks to the protective CD70 masking phenomenon. Two distinct classes of CAR T cells were identified with different memory phenotypes, activation statuses, and cytotoxic activity. CD70 CAR T cells presented high cytotoxic activity against RCC both in vitro in RCC cell lines and in vivo in patient-derived xenograft mouse models. The off-target effects expected on the lymphoid compartment were confirmed by tissue cross-reactivity staining and in a cynomolgus monkey preclinical model with CD3-CD70 bispecific antibody treatment. The efficacy and the toxicity profile of the lead CD70 CAR T-cell candidate instigated the researchers to proceed with upscaled clinical production. This article emphasizes the influence of the scFv of the CARs on their efficacy:toxicity balance. Ultimately, they successfully managed to develop a highly effective CAR T-cell candidate to treat a solid tumor by an allogeneic approach, thereby overcoming two major hurdles to broaden application of CAR T-cell therapy. See related article by Panowski et al., p. 2610.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Adotévi
- UMR1098, EFS BFC, INSERM, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Jeanne Galaine
- UMR1098, EFS BFC, INSERM, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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28
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Zhang P, Zhang Y, Ji N. Challenges in the Treatment of Glioblastoma by Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Immunotherapy and Possible Solutions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927132. [PMID: 35874698 PMCID: PMC9300859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the most lethal brain cancers in adults, accounts for 48.6% of all malignant primary CNS tumors diagnosed each year. The 5-year survival rate of GBM patients remains less than 10% even after they receive the standard-of-care treatment, including maximal safe resection, adjuvant radiation, and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Therefore, new therapeutic modalities are urgently needed for this deadly cancer. The last decade has witnessed great advances in chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Up to now, the US FDA has approved six CAR-T cell products in treating hematopoietic cancers including B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Meanwhile, the number of clinical trials on CAR-T cell has increased significantly, with more than 80% from China and the United States. With its achievements in liquid cancers, the clinical efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy has also been explored in a variety of solid malignancies that include GBMs. However, attempts to expand CAR-T cell immunotherapy in GBMs have not yet presented promising results in hematopoietic malignancies. Like other solid tumors, CAR-T cell therapies against GBM still face several challenges, such as tumor heterogeneity, tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, and CAR-T cell persistence. Hence, developing strategies to overcome these challenges will be necessary to accelerate the transition of CAR-T cell immunotherapy against GBMs from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Ji,
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