1
|
Griesinger AM, Calzadilla AJ, Grimaldo E, Donson AM, Amani V, Pierce AM, Steiner J, Kargar S, Serkova NJ, Bertrand KC, Wright KD, Vibhakar R, Hankinson T, Handler M, Lindsay HB, Foreman NK, Dorris K. Development of Chromosome 1q+ Specific Treatment for Highest Risk Pediatric Posterior Fossa Ependymoma. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1544-1554. [PMID: 38334950 PMCID: PMC11018467 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are no effective treatment strategies for children with highest-risk posterior fossa group A ependymoma (PFA). Chromosome 1q gains (1q+) are present in approximately 25% of newly diagnosed PFA tumors, and this number doubles at recurrence. Seventy percent of children with chromosome 1q+ PFA will die because of the tumor, highlighting the urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies for this population. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we utilize 1q+ PFA in vitro and in vivo models to test the efficacy of combination radiation and chemotherapy in a preclinical setting. RESULTS 5-fluorouracil (5FU) enhances radiotherapy in 1q+ PFA cell lines. Specifically, 5FU increases p53 activity mediated by the extra copy of UCK2 located on chromosome 1q in 1q+ PFA. Experimental downregulation of UCK2 resulted in decreased 5FU sensitivity in 1q+ PFA cells. In in vitro studies, a combination of 5FU, retinoid tretinoin (ATRA), and radiation provided the greatest reduction in cellular proliferation and greatest increase in markers of apoptosis in 1q+ PFA cell lines compared with other treatment arms. Similarly, in vivo experiments demonstrated significant enhancement of survival in mice treated with combination radiation and 5FU and ATRA. CONCLUSIONS These results are the first to identify a chromosome 1q+ specific therapy approach in 1q+ PFA. Existing phase I studies have already established single-agent pediatric safety and dosages of 5FU and ATRA, allowing for expedited clinical application as phase II trials for children with high-risk PFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Griesinger
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anscutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Annaliese J Calzadilla
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anscutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Enrique Grimaldo
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anscutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew M Donson
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anscutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vladimir Amani
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anscutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angela M Pierce
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anscutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jenna Steiner
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Soudabeh Kargar
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kelsey C Bertrand
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Karen D Wright
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anscutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Todd Hankinson
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael Handler
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Holly B Lindsay
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anscutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anscutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kathleen Dorris
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anscutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bin Shahari MS, Junaid A, Tiekink ERT, Dolzhenko AV. 6-Aryl-4-cycloamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-amines: synthesis, antileukemic activity, and 3D-QSAR modelling. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8264-8282. [PMID: 38469184 PMCID: PMC10925993 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08091a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in immunotherapy and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy of leukemia, chemotherapy is the major treatment option for the disease. Therefore, the development of potent and safe drugs for standard and targeted chemotherapy of leukemia remains an important task for medicinal chemists. A library of 94 diverse 6-aryl-4-cycloamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-amines was prepared using a one-pot microwave-assisted protocol, which involves a three-component reaction of cyanoguanidine, aromatic aldehydes and cyclic amines, and subsequent dehydrogenative aromatization of the dihydrotriazine intermediates in the presence of alkali. The cytotoxic properties of prepared compounds were evaluated against the leukemic Jurkat T cell line and the selectivity of the 24 most active compounds was also assessed using a normal fibroblast MRC-5 cell line, indicating selective antiproliferative activity against leukemic cells. The structure-activity relationship was analysed, and the prepared 3D-QSAR model was found to predict the antileukemic activity of the compounds with reasonable accuracy. In the cell morphology study, both apoptosis and necrosis features were observed in Jurkat T cells after treatment with the most active compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Syafiq Bin Shahari
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota Nils Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church Street SE, Mail Code 1191 Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
| | - Ahmad Junaid
- Inimmune Corp. 1121 E Broadway St, Ste 106 Missoula Montana 59802 USA
| | - Edward R T Tiekink
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Anton V Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zugbi S, Aschero R, Ganiewich D, Cancela MB, Winter U, Ottaviani D, Sampor C, Dinardi M, Torbidoni AV, Mena M, Balaguer-Lluna L, Lamas G, Sgroi M, Lagomarsino E, Lubieniecki F, Fandiño A, Radvanyi F, Abramson DH, Podhajcer O, Llera AS, Cafferata EG, Chantada G, Carcaboso AM, Schaiquevich P. Establishment and Comprehensive Characterization of a Novel Preclinical Platform of Metastatic Retinoblastoma for Therapeutic Developments. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:27. [PMID: 38117242 PMCID: PMC10741097 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although there have been improvements in the management of metastatic retinoblastoma, most patients do not survive, and all patients suffer from multiple short- and long-term treatment toxicities. Reliable and informative models to assist clinicians are needed. Thus we developed and comprehensively characterized a novel preclinical platform of primary cell cultures and xenograft models of metastatic retinoblastoma to provide insights into the molecular biology underlying metastases and to perform drug screening for the identification of hit candidates with the highest potential for clinical translation. Methods Orbital tumor, bone marrow, cerebrospinal fluid, and lymph node tumor infiltration specimens were obtained from seven patients with metastatic retinoblastoma at diagnosis, disease progression, or relapse. Tumor specimens were engrafted in immunodeficient animals, and primary cell lines were established. Genomic, immunohistochemical/immunocytochemical, and pharmacological analysis were performed. Results We successfully established five primary cell lines: two derived from leptomeningeal, two from orbital, and one from lymph node tumor dissemination. After the intravitreal or intraventricular inoculation of these cells, we established cell-derived xenograft models. Both primary cell lines and xenografts accurately retained the histological and genomic features of the tumors from which they were derived and faithfully recapitulated the dissemination patterns and pharmacological sensitivity observed in the matched patients. Conclusions Ours is an innovative and thoroughly characterized preclinical platform of metastatic retinoblastoma developed for the understanding of tumor biology of this highly aggressive tumor and has the potential to identify drug candidates to treat patients who currently lack effective treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Zugbi
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosario Aschero
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daiana Ganiewich
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir – Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B. Cancela
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ursula Winter
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Ottaviani
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Equipe Ligue contre le cancer, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Sampor
- Hematology-Oncology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Milagros Dinardi
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana V. Torbidoni
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Mena
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir – Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leire Balaguer-Lluna
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriela Lamas
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Sgroi
- Ophthalmology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Lagomarsino
- Pharmacy Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Lubieniecki
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Fandiño
- Ophthalmology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - François Radvanyi
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Equipe Ligue contre le cancer, Paris, France
| | - David H. Abramson
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Osvaldo Podhajcer
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir – Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea S. Llera
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir – Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo G. Cafferata
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir – Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Chantada
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel M. Carcaboso
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Schaiquevich
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang S, Zhong M, Zhu H, You Q, Yuan H, Li Y. Hypomethylation of DRD2 promotes breast cancer through the FLNA-ERK pathway. Cancer Genet 2023; 278-279:71-78. [PMID: 37729778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of stem cell marker dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) on the proliferation of hormone-receptor-negative breast cancer cells. High-throughput DNA methylation sequencing on an 850 K chip was used to pre-screen breast cancer tissues with significant methylation differences. The expression of DRD2 in breast cancer and normal breast tissues, and clinical risk factors, were detected by pyrophosphoric acid validation and immunohistochemistry. In vitro and in vivo experiments verified the possible molecular signaling pathways. DRD2 promoter region was hypomethylated in hormone-receptor-negative breast cancer or with high-risk factors compared to the normal tissues. The proliferation of breast cancer cells was enhanced after DRD2 was upregulated and decreased after DRD2 was downregulated. In vivo experiments found that tumor growth and the expression of antigen KI-67 (Ki67) and the cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) were improved by the overexpression of DRD2 and inhibited by the down expression of DRD2. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated the phosphorylation of filamin A and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (FLNA-ERK) was influenced by the expression of DRD2, suggesting DRD2 plays a role in the FLNA-ERK signaling pathway. Methylation inhibitors (5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, 5-azadc) partially reversed the inhibitory effect of DRD2 down expression on cell proliferation, migration, and tumor growth in animal models, indicating that inhibition of DRD2 methylation promotes cancer development. This study demonstrated the DRD2 promoter region is hypomethylated in hormone-receptor-negative breast cancer or with high-risk factors. The methylation status of the DRD2 promoter and FLNA-ERK signaling pathway and the DRD2 expression in breast cancer treatment need to be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, China
| | - Qinghua You
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, China
| | - Yongping Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Desrousseaux J, Claude L, Chaltiel L, Tensaouti F, Padovani L, Bolle S, Escande A, Alapetite C, Supiot S, Bernier-Chastagner V, Huchet A, Leseur J, Truc G, Leblond P, Bertozzi AI, Ducassou A, Laprie A. Respective Roles of Surgery, Chemotherapy, and Radiation Therapy for Recurrent Pediatric and Adolescent Ependymoma: A National Multicentric Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:404-415. [PMID: 37437811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Half of the children and adolescents treated for intracranial ependymoma experience recurrences that are not managed in a standardized manner. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate recurrence treatments. METHODS AND MATERIALS We assessed overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after a first relapse in a population of patients from the Pediatric Ependymoma Photons Protons and Imaging study (PEPPI study) who were treated with surgery and radiation therapy in French Society of Childhood Cancer reference centers between 2000 and 2013. Data were analyzed using the Cox model as well as a landmark analysis at 4 months that accounted for the guarantee-time bias. RESULTS The median follow-up of the whole population of 202 patients was 105.1 months, with a 10-year OS of 68.2% and PFS of 45.5%. Among the 100 relapse cases, 68.0% were local relapses, 20.0% were metastatic, and 12.0% were combined (local and metastatic). Relapses were treated by surgery (n = 79) and/or reirradiation (n = 52) and/or chemotherapy (n = 22). The median follow-up after relapse was 77.8 months. The OS and PFS at 5 years were 43.1% and 16.2%, respectively. After surgery or radiation therapy of the first relapse, OS and PFS were more favorable, whereas treatments that included chemotherapy with or without focal treatment were associated with worse OS and PFS. In the multivariate analysis, stereotactic hypofractionated reirradiation after surgery was associated with a significantly better outcome (OS, P = .030; PFS, P = .008) and chemotherapy with a worse outcome (OS, P = .028; PFS, P = .033). CONCLUSIONS This analysis of relapse treatments within the PEPPI study determined that irrespective of whether the relapse was localized or metastatic, treatments that included surgery and/or reirradiation had better outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Desrousseaux
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France.
| | - Line Claude
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Leonor Chaltiel
- Statistics Department, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Fatima Tensaouti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Padovani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Stephanie Bolle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandre Escande
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Claire Alapetite
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre de Protonthérapie, Orsay, France
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre René Gauducheau, Nantes, France
| | | | - Aymeri Huchet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Leseur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Truc
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Leblond
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, IHOP, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Isabelle Bertozzi
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Ducassou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Laprie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, ToNIC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tang-Schomer MD, Bookland MJ, Sargent JE, N Jackvony T. Human Patient-Derived Brain Tumor Models to Recapitulate Ependymoma Tumor Vasculature. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:840. [PMID: 37508868 PMCID: PMC10376907 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite in vivo malignancy, ependymoma lacks cell culture models, thus limiting therapy development. Here, we used a tunable three-dimensional (3D) culture system to approximate the ependymoma microenvironment for recapitulating a patient's tumor in vitro. Our data showed that the inclusion of VEGF in serum-free, mixed neural and endothelial cell culture media supported the in vitro growth of all four ependymoma patient samples. The growth was driven by Nestin and Ki67 double-positive cells in a putative cancer stem cell niche, which was manifested as rosette-looking clusters in 2D and spheroids in 3D. The effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) such as collagen or Matrigel superseded that of the media conditions, with Matrigel resulting in the greater enrichment of Nestin-positive cells. When mixed with endothelial cells, the 3D co-culture models developed capillary networks resembling the in vivo ependymoma vasculature. The transcriptomic analysis of two patient cases demonstrated the separation of in vitro cultures by individual patients, with one patient's culture samples closely clustered with the primary tumor tissue. While VEGF was found to be necessary for preserving the transcriptomic features of in vitro cultures, the presence of endothelial cells shifted the gene's expression patterns, especially genes associated with ECM remodeling. The homeobox genes were mostly affected in the 3D in vitro models compared to the primary tumor tissue and between different 3D formats. These findings provide a basis for understanding the ependymoma microenvironment and enabling the further development of patient-derived in vitro ependymoma models for personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min D Tang-Schomer
- UConn Health, Department of Pediatrics, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Markus J Bookland
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington St., Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Jack E Sargent
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Taylor N Jackvony
- UConn Health, Department of Pediatrics, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The therapeutic effect of KSP inhibitors in preclinical models of cholangiocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:799. [PMID: 36123339 PMCID: PMC9485230 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an epithelial malignancy with a dismal prognosis owing to limited treatment options. Here, we identified several compound candidates against CCA using a high-throughput drug screen with approved or emerging oncology drugs, among which kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitors showed potent cytotoxic effects on CCA cells. Treatment with KSP inhibitors SB743921 and ARRY520 caused significant tumor suppression in CCA xenograft models in vivo. Mechanistically, KSP inhibitors led to the formation of abnormal monopolar spindles, which further resulted in the mitotic arrest and cell death of CCA cells both in vivo and in vitro. KEGG pathway analysis of transcriptional data confirmed this finding. Moreover, our clinical data as well as the TCGA database showed KIF11 expression was abundant in most CCA tumor specimens and associated with poor outcomes of CCA patients. Our results demonstrate that the therapeutic regimen of KSP inhibitors could be a promising treatment strategy in CCA.
Collapse
|
8
|
Shahari MSB, Dolzhenko AV. A closer look at N2,6-substituted 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines: Advances in synthesis and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
9
|
Cell-of-Origin and Genetic, Epigenetic, and Microenvironmental Factors Contribute to the Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity of Pediatric Intracranial Ependymoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236100. [PMID: 34885210 PMCID: PMC8657076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-tumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is a complex multifaceted phenomenon that posits major challenges for the clinical management of cancer patients. Genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental factors are concurrent drivers of diversity among the distinct populations of cancer cells. ITH may also be installed by cancer stem cells (CSCs), that foster unidirectional hierarchy of cellular phenotypes or, alternatively, shift dynamically between distinct cellular states. Ependymoma (EPN), a molecularly heterogeneous group of tumors, shows a specific spatiotemporal distribution that suggests a link between ependymomagenesis and alterations of the biological processes involved in embryonic brain development. In children, EPN most often arises intra-cranially and is associated with an adverse outcome. Emerging evidence shows that EPN displays large intra-patient heterogeneity. In this review, after touching on EPN inter-tumoral heterogeneity, we focus on the sources of ITH in pediatric intra-cranial EPN in the framework of the CSC paradigm. We also examine how single-cell technology has shed new light on the complexity and developmental origins of EPN and the potential impact that this understanding may have on the therapeutic strategies against this deadly pediatric malignancy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Childhood Malignant Brain Tumors: Balancing the Bench and Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236099. [PMID: 34885207 PMCID: PMC8656510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Brain tumors remain the most common childhood solid tumors, accounting for approximately 25% of all pediatric cancers. They also represent the most common cause of cancer-related illness and death in this age group. Recent years have witnessed an evolution in our understanding of the biological underpinnings of many childhood brain tumors, potentially improving survival through both improved risk group allocation for patients to provide appropriate treatment intensity, and novel therapeutic breakthroughs. This review aims to summarize the molecular landscape, current trial-based standards of care, novel treatments being explored and future challenges for the three most common childhood malignant brain tumors—medulloblastomas, high-grade gliomas and ependymomas. Abstract Brain tumors are the leading cause of childhood cancer deaths in developed countries. They also represent the most common solid tumor in this age group, accounting for approximately one-quarter of all pediatric cancers. Developments in neuro-imaging, neurosurgical techniques, adjuvant therapy and supportive care have improved survival rates for certain tumors, allowing a future focus on optimizing cure, whilst minimizing long-term adverse effects. Recent times have witnessed a rapid evolution in the molecular characterization of several of the common pediatric brain tumors, allowing unique clinical and biological patient subgroups to be identified. However, a resulting paradigm shift in both translational therapy and subsequent survival for many of these tumors remains elusive, while recurrence remains a great clinical challenge. This review will provide an insight into the key molecular developments and global co-operative trial results for the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors (medulloblastoma, high-grade gliomas and ependymoma), highlighting potential future directions for management, including novel therapeutic options, and critical challenges that remain unsolved.
Collapse
|
11
|
Arakaki AKS, Szulzewsky F, Gilbert MR, Gujral TS, Holland EC. Utilizing preclinical models to develop targeted therapies for rare central nervous system cancers. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:S4-S15. [PMID: 34725698 PMCID: PMC8561121 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with rare central nervous system (CNS) tumors typically have a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Historically, these cancers have been difficult to study due to small number of patients. Recent technological advances have identified molecular drivers of some of these rare cancers which we can now use to generate representative preclinical models of these diseases. In this review, we outline the advantages and disadvantages of different models, emphasizing the utility of various in vitro and ex vivo models for target discovery and mechanistic inquiry and multiple in vivo models for therapeutic validation. We also highlight recent literature on preclinical model generation and screening approaches for ependymomas, histone mutated high-grade gliomas, and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors, all of which are rare CNS cancers that have recently established genetic or epigenetic drivers. These preclinical models are critical to advancing targeted therapeutics for these rare CNS cancers that currently rely on conventional treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleena K S Arakaki
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Frank Szulzewsky
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hansson K, Radke K, Aaltonen K, Saarela J, Mañas A, Sjölund J, Smith EM, Pietras K, Påhlman S, Wennerberg K, Gisselsson D, Bexell D. Therapeutic targeting of KSP in preclinical models of high-risk neuroblastoma. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/562/eaba4434. [PMID: 32967973 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood malignancy with often dismal prognosis; relapse is common despite intense treatment. Here, we used human tumor organoids representing multiple MYCN-amplified high-risk neuroblastomas to perform a high-throughput drug screen with approved or emerging oncology drugs. Tumor-selective effects were calculated using drug sensitivity scores. Several drugs with previously unreported anti-neuroblastoma effects were identified by stringent selection criteria. ARRY-520, an inhibitor of kinesin spindle protein (KSP), was among those causing reduced viability. High expression of the KSP-encoding gene KIF11 was associated with poor outcome in neuroblastoma. Genome-scale loss-of-function screens in hundreds of human cancer cell lines across 22 tumor types revealed that KIF11 is particularly important for neuroblastoma cell viability. KSP inhibition in neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells resulted in the formation of abnormal monoastral spindles, mitotic arrest, up-regulation of mitosis-associated genes, and apoptosis. In vivo, KSP inhibition caused regression of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma PDX tumors. Furthermore, treatment of mice harboring orthotopic neuroblastoma PDX tumors resulted in increased survival. Our results suggested that KSP inhibition could be a promising treatment strategy in children with high-risk neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hansson
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Radke
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Aaltonen
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jani Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adriana Mañas
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sjölund
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma M Smith
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Påhlman
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Gisselsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Medical Services, University Hospital, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Servidei T, Meco D, Martini M, Battaglia A, Granitto A, Buzzonetti A, Babini G, Massimi L, Tamburrini G, Scambia G, Ruggiero A, Riccardi R. The BET Inhibitor OTX015 Exhibits In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activity in Pediatric Ependymoma Stem Cell Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041877. [PMID: 33668642 PMCID: PMC7918371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood ependymomas are heterogenous chemoresistant neoplasms arising from aberrant stem-like cells. Epigenome deregulation plays a pivotal role in ependymoma pathogenesis, suggesting that epigenetic modifiers hold therapeutic promise against this disease. Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are epigenome readers of acetylated signals in histones and coactivators for oncogenic and stemness-related transcriptional networks, including MYC/MYCN (Proto-Oncogene, BHLH Transcritpion Factor)-regulated genes. We explored BET inhibition as an anticancer strategy in a panel of pediatric patient-derived ependymoma stem cell models by OTX015-mediated suppression of BET/acetylated histone binding. We found that ependymoma tissues and lines express BET proteins and their targets MYC and MYCN. In vitro, OTX015 reduced cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1-phase accumulation and apoptosis at clinically tolerable doses. Mechanistically, inhibitory p21 and p27 increased in a p53-independent manner, whereas the proliferative driver, phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), decreased. Upregulation of apoptosis-related proteins and survivin downregulation were correlated with cell line drug sensitivity. Minor alterations of MYC/MYCN expression were reported. In vivo, OTX015 significantly improved survival in 2/3 orthotopic ependymoma models. BET proteins represent promising targets for pharmaceutical intervention with OTX015 against ependymoma. The identification of predictive determinants of sensitivity may help identify ependymoma molecular subsets more likely to benefit from BET inhibitor therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Servidei
- UOC Pediatric Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.R.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-30155165
| | - Daniela Meco
- UOC Pediatric Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Battaglia
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessia Granitto
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Alexia Buzzonetti
- UOC Oncological Gynecology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriele Babini
- UOC Oncological Gynecology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Luca Massimi
- UOC Neurochirurgia Infantile, Dipartimento di Scienze Dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Gianpiero Tamburrini
- UOC Neurochirurgia Infantile, Dipartimento di Scienze Dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- UOC Oncological Gynecology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- UOC Pediatric Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Riccardo Riccardi
- UOC Pediatric Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.R.); (R.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Large-Scale Drug Screening in Patient-Derived IDH mut Glioma Stem Cells Identifies Several Efficient Drugs among FDA-Approved Antineoplastic Agents. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061389. [PMID: 32503220 PMCID: PMC7348988 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation in glioma led to a paradigm shift on how we see glioma biology. Difficulties in cultivating IDH mutant glioma stem cells (IDHmut GSCs) resulted in a paucity of preclinical models in IDHmut glioma, limiting the discovery of new effective chemotherapeutic agents. To fill this gap, we used six recently developed patient-derived IDHmut GSC lines and performed a large-scale drug screening with 147 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anticancer drugs. GSCs were subjected to the test compounds for 72 h in concentrations ranging from 0.0001 to 1 µM. Cell viability was assessed by CellTiterGlo and the induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry with Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. The initial screen was performed with two IDHmut GSC lines and identified seven drugs (bortezomib, carfilzomib, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, omacetaxine, plicamycin) with a substantial antiproliferative activity, as reflected by half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) below 1 µM and maximum inhibitory effects (Emax) below 25%. These findings were validated in an additional four IDHmut GSC lines. The candidate drugs, of which plicamycin and omacetaxine are known to cross the blood brain barrier, were used for subsequent cell death analyses. A significant induction of apoptosis was observed at IC50 values of the respective drugs. In summary, we were able to identify seven FDA-approved drugs that should be further taken into clinical investigations for the treatment of IDHmut gliomas.
Collapse
|
15
|
Eder N, Roncaroli F, Domart MC, Horswell S, Andreiuolo F, Flynn HR, Lopes AT, Claxton S, Kilday JP, Collinson L, Mao JH, Pietsch T, Thompson B, Snijders AP, Ultanir SK. YAP1/TAZ drives ependymoma-like tumour formation in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2380. [PMID: 32404936 PMCID: PMC7220953 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP1 gene fusions have been observed in a subset of paediatric ependymomas. Here we show that, ectopic expression of active nuclear YAP1 (nlsYAP5SA) in ventricular zone neural progenitor cells using conditionally-induced NEX/NeuroD6-Cre is sufficient to drive brain tumour formation in mice. Neuronal differentiation is inhibited in the hippocampus. Deletion of YAP1's negative regulators LATS1 and LATS2 kinases in NEX-Cre lineage in double conditional knockout mice also generates similar tumours, which are rescued by deletion of YAP1 and its paralog TAZ. YAP1/TAZ-induced mouse tumours display molecular and ultrastructural characteristics of human ependymoma. RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics of mouse tumours demonstrate similarities to YAP1-fusion induced supratentorial ependymoma. Finally, we find that transcriptional cofactor HOPX is upregulated in mouse models and in human YAP1-fusion induced ependymoma, supporting their similarity. Our results show that uncontrolled YAP1/TAZ activity in neuronal precursor cells leads to ependymoma-like tumours in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Eder
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford and Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Stuart Horswell
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Felipe Andreiuolo
- Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumour Reference Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helen R Flynn
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andre T Lopes
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Suzanne Claxton
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - John-Paul Kilday
- Centre for Paediatric, Teenage and Young Adult Cancer, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lucy Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jun-Hao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumour Reference Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barry Thompson
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sila K Ultanir
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lester A, McDonald KL. Intracranial ependymomas: molecular insights and translation to treatment. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:3-12. [PMID: 31433520 PMCID: PMC8018002 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ependymomas are primary central nervous system tumors (CNS), arising within the posterior fossa and supratentorial regions of the brain, and in the spine. Over the last decade, research has resulted in substantial insights into the molecular characteristics of ependymomas, and significant advances have been made in the establishment of a molecular classification system. Ependymomas both within and between the three CNS regions in which they arise, have been shown to contain distinct genetic, epigenetic and cytogenic aberrations, with at least three molecularly distinct subgroups identified within each region. However, these advances in molecular characterization have yet to be translated into clinical practice, with the standard treatment for ependymoma patients largely unchanged. This review summarizes the advances made in the molecular characterization of intracranial ependymomas, outlines the progress made in establishing preclinical models and proposes strategies for moving toward subgroup-specific preclinical investigations and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Lester
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research CentreUniversity of NSWSydneyAustralia
| | - Kerrie L. McDonald
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research CentreUniversity of NSWSydneyAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pierce AM, Witt DA, Donson AM, Gilani A, Sanford B, Sill M, Van Court B, Oweida A, Prince EW, Steiner J, Danis E, Dorris K, Hankinson T, Handler MH, Jones KL, Karam SD, Serkova NJ, Vibhakar R, Foreman NK, Griesinger AM. Establishment of patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model of 1q+ posterior fossa group A ependymoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 21:1540-1551. [PMID: 31276586 PMCID: PMC6917412 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment for pediatric posterior fossa group A (PFA) ependymoma with gain of chromosome 1q (1q+) has not improved over the past decade owing partially to lack of clinically relevant models. We described the first 2 1q+ PFA cell lines, which have significantly enhanced our understanding of PFA tumor biology and provided a tool to identify specific 1q+ PFA therapies. However, cell lines do not accurately replicate the tumor microenvironment. Our present goal is to establish patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. METHODS Disaggregated tumors from 2 1q+ PFA patients were injected into the flanks of NSG mice. Flank tumors were then transplanted into the fourth ventricle or lateral ventricle of NSG mice. Characterization of intracranial tumors was performed using imaging, histology, and bioinformatics. RESULTS MAF-811_XC and MAF-928_XC established intracranially within the fourth ventricle and retained histological, methylomic, and transcriptomic features of primary patient tumors. We tested the feasibility of treating PDX mice with fractionated radiation or chemotherapy. Mice tolerated radiation despite significant tumor burden, and follow-up imaging confirmed radiation can reduce tumor size. Treatment with fluorouracil reduced tumor size but did not appear to prolong survival. CONCLUSIONS MAF-811_XC and MAF-928_XC are novel, authentic, and reliable models for studying 1q+ PFA in vivo. Given the successful response to radiation, these models will be advantageous for testing clinically relevant combination therapies to develop future clinical trials for this high-risk subgroup of pediatric ependymoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Davis A Witt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew M Donson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ahmed Gilani
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bridget Sanford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Martin Sill
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Centre at National Centre for Tumour Diseases Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Van Court
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center
| | - Ayman Oweida
- Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center
| | - Eric W Prince
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jenna Steiner
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center
| | - Etienne Danis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kathleen Dorris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Todd Hankinson
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael H Handler
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sana D Karam
- Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Corresponding Author: Nicholas Foreman, 12800 E. 19th Ave. RC1N-4104, Aurora, CO 80045 ()
| | - Andrea M Griesinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Campagne O, Davis A, Maharaj AR, Zhong B, Stripay J, Farmer D, Roussel MF, Stewart CF. CNS penetration and pharmacodynamics of the CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib in a mouse Group 3 medulloblastoma model. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 142:105106. [PMID: 31669383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prexasertib (LY2606368) is a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of cell-cycle checkpoint CHK1 and CHK2 protein kinases and is currently under clinical evaluation for treatment of pediatric malignancies. As a candidate therapy for pediatric Group 3 medulloblastoma (G3MB), prexasertib CNS penetration was evaluated in mice using cerebral microdialysis and pharmacokinetic modeling. A plasma pharmacokinetic study with a population-based design was performed in CD1 nude mice bearing G3MB orthotopically implanted in the brain and receiving a single dose of prexasertib (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously) to characterize prexasertib disposition and to establish a limited plasma sampling model for the microdialysis studies. The microdialysis studies were performed in both non-tumor bearing mice and in mice bearing G3MB receiving 10 mg/kg prexasertib subcutaneously, for up to 24 h post-dose. Plasma and extracellular fluid (ECF) concentrations were quantified using validated LC MS/MS methods, and analyzed using a population pharmacokinetic model. Model-derived prexasertib tumor/ECF to plasma partition coefficient Kp,uu (ratio of tumor/brain ECF to unbound plasma AUC0-24 h) was significantly greater in G3MB tumor-bearing mice (0.17 ± 0.08) compared to non-tumor bearing mice (0.09 ± 0.04, p = 0.04). A pharmacodynamic study was then performed in mice bearing G3MB (20 mg/kg, IV) to evaluate prexasertib-induced target engagement after a single dose. Phosphorylated CHK1 serine 345 (pCHK1 S345), phosphorylated Histone 2A variant (γ-H2AX), and cleaved caspase-3 were quantified in mouse G3MB tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry at different time points up to 24 h post-dose. The induction of pCHK1 S345 and γ-H2AX peaked at 2 h after the dose and was elevated above baseline for at least 6 h, reflecting relevant CHK1 inhibition and DNA damage. Cleaved caspase-3 levels increased at 24 h suggesting initiation of cell apoptosis. Adequate unbound prexasertib exposure reached the brain tumor site relative to target engagement in G3MB tumor bearing mice at a clinically relevant dosage. These results support further preclinical and clinical development of prexasertib to treat children with medulloblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Campagne
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 28105, USA
| | - Abigail Davis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 28105, USA
| | - Anil R Maharaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 28105, USA
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 28105, USA
| | - Jennifer Stripay
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 28105, USA
| | - Dana Farmer
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 28105, USA
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 28105, USA
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 28105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ceritinib-Induced Regression of an Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Driven Neuroepithelial Brain Tumor. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174267. [PMID: 31480400 PMCID: PMC6747232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway plays an important role in several brain tumor entities. However, the lack of inhibitors crossing the blood–brain barrier remains a significant obstacle for clinical translation. Here, we targeted the IGF pathway using ceritinib, an off-target inhibitor of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (INSR), in a pediatric patient with an unclassified brain tumor and a notch receptor 1 (NOTCH1) germline mutation. Pathway analysis of the tumor revealed activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH), the wingless and integrated-1 (WNT), the IGF, and the Notch pathway. The proliferation of the patient tumor cells (225ZL) was inhibited by arsenic trioxide (ATO), which is an inhibitor of the SHH pathway, by linsitinib, which is an inhibitor of IGF1R and INSR, and by ceritinib. 225ZL expressed INSR but not IGF1R at the protein level, and ceritinib blocked the phosphorylation of INSR. Our first personalized treatment included ATO, but because of side effects, we switched to ceritinib. After 46 days, we achieved a concentration of 1.70 µM of ceritinib in the plasma, and after 58 days, MRI confirmed that there was a response to the treatment. Ceritinib accumulated in the tumor at a concentration of 2.72 µM. Our data suggest ceritinib as a promising drug for the treatment of IGF-driven brain tumors.
Collapse
|
20
|
G3BP1 knockdown sensitizes U87 glioblastoma cell line to Bortezomib by inhibiting stress granules assembly and potentializing apoptosis. J Neurooncol 2019; 144:463-473. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
21
|
Aldape K, Brindle KM, Chesler L, Chopra R, Gajjar A, Gilbert MR, Gottardo N, Gutmann DH, Hargrave D, Holland EC, Jones DTW, Joyce JA, Kearns P, Kieran MW, Mellinghoff IK, Merchant M, Pfister SM, Pollard SM, Ramaswamy V, Rich JN, Robinson GW, Rowitch DH, Sampson JH, Taylor MD, Workman P, Gilbertson RJ. Challenges to curing primary brain tumours. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 16:509-520. [PMID: 30733593 PMCID: PMC6650350 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, brain tumours remain among the deadliest of all forms of cancer. The ability of these tumours to resist almost all conventional and novel treatments relates, in part, to the unique cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental properties of neural tissues. In an attempt to encourage progress in our understanding and ability to successfully treat patients with brain tumours, Cancer Research UK convened an international panel of clinicians and laboratory-based scientists to identify challenges that must be overcome if we are to cure all patients with a brain tumour. The seven key challenges summarized in this Position Paper are intended to serve as foci for future research and investment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Aldape
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David T W Jones
- Pediatric Glioma Research Group, Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna A Joyce
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pamela Kearns
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Giles W Robinson
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge and Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - John H Sampson
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke Cancer Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Richard J Gilbertson
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK.
- CRUK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Franshaw L, Tsoli M, Byrne J, Mayoh C, Sivarajasingam S, Norris M, Marshall GM, Ziegler DS. Predictors of Success of Phase II Pediatric Oncology Clinical Trials. Oncologist 2019; 24:e765-e774. [PMID: 30808815 PMCID: PMC6693728 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data to predict which novel childhood cancer therapies are likely to be successful. To help rectify this, we sought to identify the factors that impact the success of phase II clinical trials for pediatric malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the impact of 24 preclinical and trial design variables for their influence on 132 phase II pediatric oncology clinical trials. Success was determined by an objective assessment of patient response, with data analyzed using Fisher's exact test, Pearson's chi-square test, and logistic regression models. RESULTS Trials that evaluated patients with a single histological cancer type were more successful than those that assessed multiple different cancer types (68% vs. 47%, 27%, and 17% for 1, 2-3, 4-7, and 8+; p < .005). Trials on liquid or extracranial solid tumors were more successful than central nervous system or combined trials (70%, 60%, 38%, and 24%; p < .005), and trials of combination therapies were more successful than single agents (71% vs. 28%; p < .005). Trials that added therapies to standard treatment backbones were more successful than trials testing novel therapies alone or those that incorporated novel agents (p < .005), and trials initiated based on the results of adult studies were less likely to succeed (p < .05). For 61% of trials (80/132), we were unable to locate any relevant preclinical findings to support the trial. When preclinical studies were carried out (52/132), there was no evidence that the conduct of any preclinical experiments made the trial more likely to succeed (p < .005). CONCLUSION Phase II pediatric oncology clinical trials that examine a single cancer type and use combination therapies have the highest possibility of clinical success. Trials building upon a standard treatment regimen were also more successful. The conduct of preclinical experiments did not improve clinical success, emphasizing the need for a better understanding of the translational relevance of current preclinical testing paradigms. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE To improve the clinical outcomes of phase II childhood cancer trials, this study identified factors impacting clinical success. These results have the potential to impact not only the design of future clinical trials but also the assessment of preclinical studies moving forward. This work found that trials on one histological cancer type and trials testing combination therapies had the highest possibility of success. Incorporation of novel therapies into standard treatment backbones led to higher success rates than testing novel therapies alone. This study found that most trials had no preclinical evidence to support initiation, and even when preclinical studies were available, they did not result in improved success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Franshaw
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Jennifer Byrne
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Children's Cancer Research Unit, and University of Sydney, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Siva Sivarajasingam
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Murray Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
- UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sabnis DH, Storer LCD, Liu JF, Jackson HK, Kilday JP, Grundy RG, Kerr ID, Coyle B. A role for ABCB1 in prognosis, invasion and drug resistance in ependymoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10290. [PMID: 31311995 PMCID: PMC6635358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three of the hallmarks of poor prognosis in paediatric ependymoma are drug resistance, local invasion and recurrence. We hypothesised that these hallmarks were due to the presence of a sub-population of cancer stem cells expressing the multi-drug efflux transporter ABCB1. ABCB1 gene expression was observed in 4 out of 5 paediatric ependymoma cell lines and increased in stem cell enriched neurospheres. Functional inhibition of ABCB1 using vardenafil or verapamil significantly (p ≤ 0.05–0.001) potentiated the response to three chemotherapeutic drugs (vincristine, etoposide and methotrexate). Both inhibitors were also able to significantly reduce migration (p ≤ 0.001) and invasion (p ≤ 0.001). We demonstrate that ABCB1 positive patients from an infant chemotherapy-led trial (CNS9204) had a shorter mean event free survival (EFS) (2.7 versus 8.6 years; p = 0.007 log-rank analysis) and overall survival (OS) (5.4 versus 12 years; p = 0.009 log-rank analysis). ABCB1 positivity also correlated with reduced event free survival in patients with incompletely resected tumours who received chemotherapy across CNS9204 and CNS9904 (a radiotherapy-led SIOP 1999-04 trial cohort; p = 0.03). ABCB1 is a predictive marker of chemotherapy response in ependymoma patients and vardenafil, currently used to treat paediatric pulmonary hypertension in children, could be repurposed to reduce chemoresistance, migration and invasion in paediatric ependymoma patients at non-toxic concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durgagauri H Sabnis
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lisa C D Storer
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jo-Fen Liu
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hannah K Jackson
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J P Kilday
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Children's Brain Tumour Research Network & Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard G Grundy
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Beth Coyle
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Junaid A, Lim FPL, Tiekink ERT, Dolzhenko AV. New One-Pot Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazines: Three-Component Condensation, Dimroth Rearrangement, and Dehydrogenative Aromatization. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:548-555. [PMID: 31180634 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new, effective one-pot synthesis of the 6, N2-diaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines under microwave irradiation was developed. The method involved an initial three-component condensation of cyanoguanidine, aromatic aldehydes, and arylamines in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Without isolation, the resulting 1,6-diaryl-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines were treated with a base to initiate Dimroth rearrangement and spontaneous dehydrogenative aromatization, affording the desired compounds. The developed method was found to be sufficiently general in scope, tolerating various aromatic aldehydes and amines; by using their combinations in the first step, a representative library of 110 compounds was successfully prepared and screened for anticancer properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Junaid
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Phei Lin Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Edward R. T. Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Anton V. Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Donson AM, Amani V, Warner EA, Griesinger AM, Witt DA, Levy JMM, Hoffman LM, Hankinson TC, Handler MH, Vibhakar R, Dorris K, Foreman NK. Identification of FDA-Approved Oncology Drugs with Selective Potency in High-Risk Childhood Ependymoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1984-1994. [PMID: 29925527 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Children with ependymoma (EPN) are cured in less than 50% of cases, with little improvement in outcome over the last several decades. Chemotherapy has not affected survival in EPN, due in part to a lack of preclinical models that has precluded comprehensive drug testing. We recently developed two human EPN cell lines harboring high-risk phenotypes which provided us with an opportunity to execute translational studies. EPN and other pediatric brain tumor cell lines were subject to a large-scale comparative drug screen of FDA-approved oncology drugs for rapid clinical application. The results of this in vitro study were combined with in silico prediction of drug sensitivity to identify EPN-selective compounds, which were validated by dose curve and time course modeling. Mechanisms of EPN-selective antitumor effect were further investigated using transcriptome and proteome analyses. We identified three classes of oncology drugs that showed EPN-selective antitumor effect, namely, (i) fluorinated pyrimidines (5-fluorouracil, carmofur, and floxuridine), (ii) retinoids (bexarotene, tretinoin and isotretinoin), and (iii) a subset of small-molecule multireceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (axitinib, imatinib, and pazopanib). Axitinib's antitumor mechanism in EPN cell lines involved inhibition of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ and was associated with reduced mitosis-related gene expression and cellular senescence. The clinically available, EPN-selective oncology drugs identified by our study have the potential to critically inform design of upcoming clinical studies in EPN, in particular for those children with recurrent EPN who are in the greatest need of novel therapeutic approaches. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 1984-94. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Donson
- Department of Pediatrics and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. .,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vladimir Amani
- Department of Pediatrics and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elliot A Warner
- Department of Pediatrics and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrea M Griesinger
- Department of Pediatrics and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Davis A Witt
- Department of Pediatrics and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jean M Mulcahy Levy
- Department of Pediatrics and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lindsey M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Todd C Hankinson
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael H Handler
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kathleen Dorris
- Department of Pediatrics and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Establishment of primary cell culture and an intracranial xenograft model of pediatric ependymoma: a prospect for therapy development and understanding of tumor biology. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21731-21743. [PMID: 29774098 PMCID: PMC5955158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ependymoma (EPN), the third most common pediatric brain tumor, is a central nervous system (CNS) malignancy originating from the walls of the ventricular system. Surgical resection followed by radiation therapy has been the primary treatment for most pediatric intracranial EPNs. Despite numerous studies into the prognostic value of histological classification, the extent of surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy, there have been relatively few studies into the molecular and cellular biology of EPNs. Results We elucidated the ultrastructure of the cultured EPN cells and characterized their profile of immunophenotypic pluripotency markers (CD133, CD90, SSEA-3, CXCR4). We established an experimental EPN model by the intracerebroventricular infusion of EPN cells labeled with multimodal iron oxide nanoparticles (MION), thereby generating a tumor and providing a clinically relevant animal model. MRI analysis was shown to be a valuable tool when combined with effective MION labeling techniques to accompany EPN growth. Conclusions We demonstrated that GFAP/CD133+CD90+/CD44+ EPN cells maintained key histopathological and growth characteristics of the original patient tumor. The characterization of EPN cells and the experimental model could facilitate biological studies and preclinical drug screening for pediatric EPNs. Methods In this work, we established notoriously challenging primary cell culture of anaplastic EPNs (WHO grade III) localized in the posterior fossa (PF), using EPNs obtained from 1 to 10-year-old patients (n = 07), and then characterized their immunophenotype and ultrastructure to finally develop a xenograft model.
Collapse
|
27
|
Nimmervoll BV, Boulos N, Bianski B, Dapper J, DeCuypere M, Shelat A, Terranova S, Terhune HE, Gajjar A, Patel YT, Freeman BB, Onar-Thomas A, Stewart CF, Roussel MF, Guy RK, Merchant TE, Calabrese C, Wright KD, Gilbertson RJ. Establishing a Preclinical Multidisciplinary Board for Brain Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1654-1666. [PMID: 29301833 PMCID: PMC5884708 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Curing all children with brain tumors will require an understanding of how each subtype responds to conventional treatments and how best to combine existing and novel therapies. It is extremely challenging to acquire this knowledge in the clinic alone, especially among patients with rare tumors. Therefore, we developed a preclinical brain tumor platform to test combinations of conventional and novel therapies in a manner that closely recapitulates clinic trials.Experimental Design: A multidisciplinary team was established to design and conduct neurosurgical, fractionated radiotherapy and chemotherapy studies, alone or in combination, in accurate mouse models of supratentorial ependymoma (SEP) subtypes and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC). Extensive drug repurposing screens, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and efficacy studies were used to triage active compounds for combination preclinical trials with "standard-of-care" surgery and radiotherapy.Results: Mouse models displayed distinct patterns of response to surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy that varied with tumor subtype. Repurposing screens identified 3-hour infusions of gemcitabine as a relatively nontoxic and efficacious treatment of SEP and CPC. Combination neurosurgery, fractionated irradiation, and gemcitabine proved significantly more effective than surgery and irradiation alone, curing one half of all animals with aggressive forms of SEP.Conclusions: We report a comprehensive preclinical trial platform to assess the therapeutic activity of conventional and novel treatments among rare brain tumor subtypes. It also enables the development of complex, combination treatment regimens that should deliver optimal trial designs for clinical testing. Postirradiation gemcitabine infusion should be tested as new treatments of SEP and CPC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1654-66. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit V Nimmervoll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - Nidal Boulos
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Brandon Bianski
- Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jason Dapper
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael DeCuypere
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Anang Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sabrina Terranova
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - Hope E Terhune
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yogesh T Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Burgess B Freeman
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Arzu Onar-Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - R Kipling Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
- University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Thomas E Merchant
- Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Karen D Wright
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The therapeutic potential of targeting the PI3K pathway in pediatric brain tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2083-2095. [PMID: 27926496 PMCID: PMC5356782 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors are the most common cancer type in children and the leading cause of cancer related deaths. There is therefore a need to develop novel treatments. Large scale profiling studies have begun to identify alterations that could be targeted therapeutically, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which is one of the most commonly activated pathways in cancer with many inhibitors under clinical development. PI3K signaling has been shown to be aberrantly activated in many pediatric CNS neoplasms. Pre-clinical analysis supports a role for PI3K signaling in the control of tumor growth, survival and migration as well as enhancing the cytotoxic effects of current treatments. Based on this evidence agents targeting PI3K signaling have begun to be tested in clinical trials of pediatric cancer patients. Overall, targeting the PI3K pathway presents as a promising strategy for the treatment of pediatric CNS tumors. In this review we examine the genetic alterations found in the PI3K pathway in pediatric CNS tumors and the pathological role it plays, as well as summarizing the current pre-clinical and clinical data supporting the use of PI3K pathway inhibitors for the treatment of these tumors.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ferguson SD, Zhou S, Xiu J, Hashimoto Y, Sanai N, Kim L, Kesari S, de Groot J, Spetzler D, Heimberger AB. Ependymomas overexpress chemoresistance and DNA repair-related proteins. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7822-7831. [PMID: 29487694 PMCID: PMC5814261 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After surgery and radiation, treatment options for ependymoma are few making recurrence a challenging issue. Specifically, the efficacy of chemotherapy at recurrence is limited. We performed molecular profiling on a cohort of ependymoma cases in order to uncover therapeutic targets and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms contributing to treatment resistance. RESULTS This ependymoma cohort showed minimal alterations in gene amplifications and mutations but had high expression rates of DNA synthesis and repair enzymes such as RRM1 (47%), ERCC1 (48%), TOPO1 (62%) and class III β-tublin (TUBB3) (57%), which are also all associated with chemoresistance. This cohort also had high expression rates of transporter proteins that mediate multi-drug resistance including BCRP (71%) and MRP1 (43%). Subgroup analyses showed that cranial ependymomas expressed the DNA synthesis enzyme TS significantly more frequently than spinal lesions did (57% versus 15%; p = 0.0328) and that increased TS expression was correlated with increased tumor grade (p = 0.0009). High-grade lesions were also significantly associated with elevated expression of TOP2A (p = 0.0092) and TUBB3 (p = 0.0157). MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the characteristics of 41 ependymomas (21 cranial, 20 spinal; 8 grade I, 11 grade II, 22 grade III) that underwent multiplatform profiling with immunohistochemistry, next-generation sequencing, and in situ hybridization. CONCLUSIONS Ependymomas are enriched with proteins involved in chemoresistance and in DNA synthesis and repair, which is consistent with the meager clinical effectiveness of conventional systemic therapy in ependymoma. Adjuvant therapies that combine conventional chemotherapy with the inhibition of chemoresistance-related proteins may represent a novel treatment paradigm for this difficult disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherise D. Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shouhao Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yuuri Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nader Sanai
- Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lyndon Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Pacific Neuroscience Institute and John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - John de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Spetzler
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To synthesize, integrate, and comment on recent research developments to our understanding of the molecular basis of ependymoma (EPN), and to place this in context with current treatment and research efforts. RECENT FINDINGS Our recent understanding of the histologically defined molecular entity EPN has rapidly advanced through genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic profiling studies. SUMMARY These advancements lay the groundwork for development of future EPN biomarkers, models, and therapeutics. Our review discusses these discoveries and their impact on our clinical understanding of this disease. Lastly, we offer insight into clinical and research areas requiring further validation, and open questions remaining in the field.
Collapse
|
31
|
Drewry DH, Wells CI, Andrews DM, Angell R, Al-Ali H, Axtman AD, Capuzzi SJ, Elkins JM, Ettmayer P, Frederiksen M, Gileadi O, Gray N, Hooper A, Knapp S, Laufer S, Luecking U, Michaelides M, Müller S, Muratov E, Denny RA, Saikatendu KS, Treiber DK, Zuercher WJ, Willson TM. Progress towards a public chemogenomic set for protein kinases and a call for contributions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181585. [PMID: 28767711 PMCID: PMC5540273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are highly tractable targets for drug discovery. However, the biological function and therapeutic potential of the majority of the 500+ human protein kinases remains unknown. We have developed physical and virtual collections of small molecule inhibitors, which we call chemogenomic sets, that are designed to inhibit the catalytic function of almost half the human protein kinases. In this manuscript we share our progress towards generation of a comprehensive kinase chemogenomic set (KCGS), release kinome profiling data of a large inhibitor set (Published Kinase Inhibitor Set 2 (PKIS2)), and outline a process through which the community can openly collaborate to create a KCGS that probes the full complement of human protein kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H. Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carrow I. Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David M. Andrews
- AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Angell
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alison D. Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Capuzzi
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mathias Frederiksen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Opher Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nathanael Gray
- Harvard Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana−Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alice Hooper
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Luecking
- Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery, Müllerstrasse 178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Oncology Chemistry, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Susanne Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eugene Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - R. Aldrin Denny
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kumar S. Saikatendu
- Global Research Externalization, Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - William J. Zuercher
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Willson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Targeted drug distribution in tumor extracellular fluid of GD2-expressing neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts using SN-38-loaded nanoparticles conjugated to the monoclonal antibody 3F8. J Control Release 2017; 255:108-119. [PMID: 28412222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric solid tumor with high expression of the tumor associated antigen disialoganglioside GD2. Despite initial response to induction therapy, nearly 50% of high-risk neuroblastomas recur because of chemoresistance. Here we encapsulated the topoisomerase-I inhibitor SN-38 in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) surface-decorated with the anti-GD2 mouse mAb 3F8 at a mean density of seven antibody molecules per NP. The accumulation of drug-loaded NPs targeted with 3F8 versus with control antibody was monitored by microdialysis in patient-derived GD2-expressing neuroblastoma xenografts. We showed that the extent of tumor penetration by SN-38 was significantly higher in mice receiving the targeted nano-drug delivery system when compared to non-targeted system or free drug. This selective penetration of the tumor extracellular fluid translated into a strong anti-tumor effect prolonging survival of mice bearing GD2-high neuroblastomas in vivo.
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu KW, Pajtler KW, Worst BC, Pfister SM, Wechsler-Reya RJ. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets in pediatric brain tumors. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/470/eaaf7593. [PMID: 28292958 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf7593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in children. Although surgery, aggressive radiation, and chemotherapy have improved outcomes, many patients still die of their disease. Moreover, those who survive often suffer devastating long-term side effects from the therapies. A greater understanding of the molecular underpinnings of these diseases will drive the development of new therapeutic approaches. Advances in genomics and epigenomics have provided unprecedented insight into the molecular diversity of these diseases and, in several cases, have revealed key genes and signaling pathways that drive tumor growth. These not only serve as potential therapeutic targets but also have facilitated the creation of animal models that faithfully recapitulate the human disease for preclinical studies. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of the three most common malignant pediatric brain tumors-medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and high-grade glioma-and the implications for development of safer and more effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Wei Liu
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara C Worst
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pajtler KW, Mack SC, Ramaswamy V, Smith CA, Witt H, Smith A, Hansford JR, von Hoff K, Wright KD, Hwang E, Frappaz D, Kanemura Y, Massimino M, Faure-Conter C, Modena P, Tabori U, Warren KE, Holland EC, Ichimura K, Giangaspero F, Castel D, von Deimling A, Kool M, Dirks PB, Grundy RG, Foreman NK, Gajjar A, Korshunov A, Finlay J, Gilbertson RJ, Ellison DW, Aldape KD, Merchant TE, Bouffet E, Pfister SM, Taylor MD. The current consensus on the clinical management of intracranial ependymoma and its distinct molecular variants. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:5-12. [PMID: 27858204 PMCID: PMC5209402 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multiple independent genomic profiling efforts have recently identified clinically and molecularly distinct subgroups of ependymoma arising from all three anatomic compartments of the central nervous system (supratentorial brain, posterior fossa, and spinal cord). These advances motivated a consensus meeting to discuss: (1) the utility of current histologic grading criteria, (2) the integration of molecular-based stratification schemes in future clinical trials for patients with ependymoma and (3) current therapy in the context of molecular subgroups. Discussion at the meeting generated a series of consensus statements and recommendations from the attendees, which comment on the prognostic evaluation and treatment decisions of patients with intracranial ependymoma (WHO Grade II/III) based on the knowledge of its molecular subgroups. The major consensus among attendees was reached that treatment decisions for ependymoma (outside of clinical trials) should not be based on grading (II vs III). Supratentorial and posterior fossa ependymomas are distinct diseases, although the impact on therapy is still evolving. Molecular subgrouping should be part of all clinical trials henceforth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian W Pajtler
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur & Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian A Smith
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur & Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hendrik Witt
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amy Smith
- Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Katja von Hoff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karen D Wright
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Eugene Hwang
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Didier Frappaz
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maura Massimino
- Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Piergiorgio Modena
- Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Uri Tabori
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine E Warren
- National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - David Castel
- Département de Cancérologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Gustave Roussy, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- UMR8203 "Vectorologie and Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses", CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur & Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard G Grundy
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Finlay
- Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Li Ka Shing Centre, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kenneth D Aldape
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas E Merchant
- Department of Radiological Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur & Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Schittenhelm J. Recent advances in subtyping tumors of the central nervous system using molecular data. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 17:83-94. [PMID: 27893285 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1266259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary brain tumors account for substantial morbidity and mortality. They often infiltrate the brain diffusely, continue growing, and cause adverse events, such as headaches, seizures, and neurological deficits. The classification of primary brain tumors, based for decades on histology, has been fundamentally changed by the World Health Organization in 2016 by incorporation of molecular data. Areas covered: Literature from glioblastomas, high- and low-grade astrocytic, oligodendroglial, glioneuronal and ependymal tumors from the last five years were reviewed. Results from comprehensive molecular profiling of neoplasms and impact of recent molecular subtyping on neuropathological diagnosis are presented. Expert commentary: The identification of frequent acquired mutations shows that adult and pediatric glioblastomas have divergent biology with differing prognoses. Astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma are more closely related than previously thought. Molecular profiling now enables the precise classification of most diffuse gliomas into three clinically and therapeutically different subtypes according to the presence or absence of IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion. New subgroups with different clinical outcomes and anatomic locations have emerged in ependymomas and pediatric embryonal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schittenhelm
- a Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tuebingen , Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany.,b Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital of Tuebingen , Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Frappaz D, Vasiljevic A, Beuriat PA, Alapetite C, Grill J, Szathmari A, Faure-Conter C. [Pediatric ependymomas: Current diagnosis and therapy]. Bull Cancer 2016; 103:869-879. [PMID: 27717499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ependymomas represent 10% of pediatric brain tumors. In the recent WHO 2016 classification, pathology is enriched by localization and molecular biology. Whatever the age, total removal by one or several looks when required remains a major prognostic factor. In children, focal radiation remains a standard, while the role of chemotherapy is matter of randomized studies. In infants, front line chemotherapy is the standard. Inclusion in the SIOP ependymoma II protocol is encouraged. In case of relapse, further surgery and radiation are advised, while inclusion in innovative trials including re-irradiation, and phase I-II should be encouraged. A better understanding of underlying mechanisms of ependymoma cell will provide in the close future, the key to use targeted therapies at time of relapse, and very soon as first line therapy for some subgroups of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Frappaz
- Centre Léon-Bérard, institut d'hématologie et oncologie pédiatrique, département de neuro-oncologie, place Professeur-Joseph-Renaut, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Alexandre Vasiljevic
- Hospices civils de Lyon, département d'anatomopathologie, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Aurelien Beuriat
- Hospices civils de Lyon, département de neurochirurgie pédiatrique, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France
| | - Claire Alapetite
- Institut Curie, département de radiothérapie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Grill
- Département de pédiatrie, Gustave Roussy, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandru Szathmari
- Hospices civils de Lyon, département de neurochirurgie pédiatrique, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France
| | - Cécile Faure-Conter
- Centre Léon-Bérard, institut d'hématologie et oncologie pédiatrique, département de neuro-oncologie, place Professeur-Joseph-Renaut, 69008 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Over the past 150 years since Virchow's initial characterization of ependymoma, incredible efforts have been made in the classification of these tumors and in the care of pediatric patients with this disease. While the advent of modern neurosurgery and the optimization of radiation have provided significant gains, a more complex but incomplete picture of pediatric ependymomas has begun to form through a combination of international collaborations and detailed genetic and histologic characterizations. This review includes and synthesizes the clinical understanding of pediatric ependymoma and their developing molecular insight into what is truly a family of malignancies in which distinct members require different surgical approaches, radiation plans, and targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Vitanza
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sonia Partap
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abedalthagafi MS, Wu MP, Merrill PH, Du Z, Woo T, Sheu SH, Hurwitz S, Ligon KL, Santagata S. Decreased FOXJ1 expression and its ciliogenesis programme in aggressive ependymoma and choroid plexus tumours. J Pathol 2016; 238:584-97. [PMID: 26690880 DOI: 10.1002/path.4682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Well-differentiated human cancers share transcriptional programmes with the normal tissue counterparts from which they arise. These programmes broadly influence cell behaviour and function and are integral modulators of malignancy. Here, we show that the master regulator of motile ciliogenesis, FOXJ1, is highly expressed in cells along the ventricular surface of the human brain. Strong expression is present in cells of the ependyma and the choroid plexus as well as in a subset of cells residing in the subventricular zone. Expression of FOXJ1 and its transcriptional programme is maintained in many well-differentiated human tumours that arise along the ventricle, including low-grade ependymal tumours and choroid plexus papillomas. Anaplastic ependymomas as well as choroid plexus carcinomas show decreased FOXJ1 expression and its associated ciliogenesis programme genes. In ependymomas and choroid plexus tumours, reduced expression of FOXJ1 and its ciliogenesis programme are markers of poor outcome and are therefore useful biomarkers for assessing these tumours. Transitions in ciliogenesis define distinct differentiation states in ependymal and choroid plexus tumours with important implications for patient care. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malak S Abedalthagafi
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael P Wu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Parker H Merrill
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziming Du
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Terri Woo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shu-Hsien Sheu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelley Hurwitz
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Theeler BJ, Gilbert MR. Investigating therapies in ependymoma. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2016.1191347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett J. Theeler
- Department of Neurology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Neurology and John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Ependymomas are a heterogeneous group of neuroepithelial tumors of children and adults. In pediatric cases, the standard of care has long consisted of neurosurgical resection to the greatest extent acceptable followed by adjuvant involved field irradiation. Complete macroscopic surgical resection has remained the only consistent clinical variable known to improve survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy has yet to predictably affect outcome, possibly due to the molecular heterogeneity of histologically similar tumors. The administration of chemotherapy subsequently remains limited to clinical trials. However, recent comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic interrogations of ependymomas have uncovered unique molecular characteristics and subtypes that correlated with clinical features such as age, neuroanatomical location, and prognosis. These findings represent a potential paradigm shift and provide a biologic rationale for targeted therapeutic strategies and risk-adapted administration of conventional treatment modalities. In this review, we focus on intracranial WHO grade II and III ependymoma of children and discuss conventional management strategies, followed by recent biologic findings and novel therapeutics currently under investigation.
Collapse
|
41
|
Drenberg CD, Buaboonnam J, Orwick SJ, Hu S, Li L, Fan Y, Shelat AA, Guy RK, Rubnitz J, Baker SD. Evaluation of artemisinins for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:1231-43. [PMID: 27125973 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate antileukemic activity of artemisinins, artesunate (ART), and dihydroartemisinin (DHA), in combination with cytarabine, a key component of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapy using in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS Using ten human AML cell lines, we conducted a high-throughput screen to identify antimalarial agents with antileukemic activity. We evaluated effects of ART and DHA on cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, lysosomal integrity, and combination effects with cytarabine in cell lines and primary patient blasts. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies and efficacy of single-agent ART or combination with cytarabine were evaluated in three xenograft models. RESULTS ART and DHA had the most potent activity in a panel of AML cell lines, with selectivity toward samples harboring MLL rearrangements and FLT3-ITD mutations. Combination of ART or DHA was synergistic with cytarabine. Single-dose ART (120 mg/kg) produced human equivalent exposures, but multiple dose daily administration required for in vivo efficacy was not tolerated. Combination treatment produced initial regression, but did not prolong survival in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacology of artemisinins is problematic and should be considered in designing AML treatment strategies with currently available agents. Artemisinins with improved pharmacokinetic properties may offer therapeutic benefit in combination with conventional therapeutic strategies in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Drenberg
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th St., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jassada Buaboonnam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shelley J Orwick
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th St., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lie Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anang A Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sharyn D Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th St., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Daryani VM, Patel YT, Tagen M, Turner DC, Carcaboso AM, Atkinson JM, Gajjar A, Gilbertson RJ, Wright KD, Stewart CF. Translational Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling and Simulation: Optimizing 5-Fluorouracil Dosing in Children With Pediatric Ependymoma. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 5:211-221. [PMID: 27104090 PMCID: PMC4834132 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously investigated novel therapies for pediatric ependymoma and found 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) i.v. bolus increased survival in a representative mouse model. However, without a quantitative framework to derive clinical dosing recommendations, we devised a translational pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) modeling and simulation approach. Results from our preclinical PK‐PD model suggested tumor concentrations exceeded the 1‐hour target exposure (in vitro IC90), leading to tumor growth delay and increased survival. Using an adult population PK model, we scaled our preclinical PK‐PD model to children. To select a 5‐FU dosage for our clinical trial in children with ependymoma, we simulated various 5‐FU dosages for tumor exposures and tumor growth inhibition, as well as considering tolerability to bolus 5‐FU administration. We developed a pediatric population PK model of bolus 5‐FU and simulated tumor exposures for our patients. Simulations for tumor concentrations indicated that all patients would be above the 1‐hour target exposure for antitumor effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V M Daryani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - Y T Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - M Tagen
- Genentech South San Francisco California USA
| | - D C Turner
- Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Merck Research Laboratories Rahway New Jersey USA
| | - A M Carcaboso
- Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - J M Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Hershey Pennsylvania USA
| | - A Gajjar
- Department of Oncology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee USA
| | | | - K D Wright
- Department of Oncology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - C F Stewart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Phoenix TN, Patmore DM, Boop S, Boulos N, Jacus MO, Patel YT, Roussel MF, Finkelstein D, Goumnerova L, Perreault S, Wadhwa E, Cho YJ, Stewart CF, Gilbertson RJ. Medulloblastoma Genotype Dictates Blood Brain Barrier Phenotype. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:508-522. [PMID: 27050100 PMCID: PMC4829447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The childhood brain tumor, medulloblastoma, includes four subtypes with very different prognoses. Here, we show that paracrine signals driven by mutant β-catenin in WNT-medulloblastoma, an essentially curable form of the disease, induce an aberrant fenestrated vasculature that permits the accumulation of high levels of intra-tumoral chemotherapy and a robust therapeutic response. In contrast, SHH-medulloblastoma, a less curable disease subtype, contains an intact blood brain barrier, rendering this tumor impermeable and resistant to chemotherapy. The medulloblastoma-endothelial cell paracrine axis can be manipulated in vivo, altering chemotherapy permeability and clinical response. Thus, medulloblastoma genotype dictates tumor vessel phenotype, explaining in part the disparate prognoses among medulloblastoma subtypes and suggesting an approach to enhance the chemoresponsiveness of other brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Phoenix
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Deanna M Patmore
- Li Ka Shing Centre, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, England
| | - Scott Boop
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nidal Boulos
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Megan O Jacus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yogesh T Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Sebastien Perreault
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wadhwa
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Li Ka Shing Centre, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, England.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wu J, Armstrong TS, Gilbert MR. Biology and management of ependymomas. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:902-13. [PMID: 27022130 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ependymomas are rare primary tumors of the central nervous system in children and adults that comprise histologically similar but genetically distinct subgroups. The tumor biology is typically more associated with the site of origin rather than being age-specific. Genetically distinct subgroups have been identified by genomic studies based on locations in classic grade II and III ependymomas. They are supratentorial ependymomas with C11orf95-RELA fusion or YAP1 fusion, infratentorial ependymomas with or without a hypermethylated phenotype (CIMP), and spinal cord ependymomas. Myxopapillary ependymomas and subependymomas have different biology than ependymomas with typical WHO grade II or III histology. Surgery and radiotherapy are the mainstays of treatment, while the role of chemotherapy has not yet been established. An in-depth understanding of tumor biology, developing reliable animal models that accurately reflect tumor molecule features, and high throughput drug screening are essential for developing new therapies. Collaborative efforts between scientists, physicians, and advocacy groups will enhance the translation of laboratory findings into clinical trials. Improvements in disease control underscore the need to incorporate assessment and management of patients' symptoms to ensure that treatment advances translate into improvement in quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., M.R.G.); Department of Family Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.)
| | - Terri S Armstrong
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., M.R.G.); Department of Family Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.)
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., M.R.G.); Department of Family Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pei Y, Liu KW, Wang J, Garancher A, Tao R, Esparza LA, Maier DL, Udaka YT, Murad N, Morrissy S, Seker-Cin H, Brabetz S, Qi L, Kogiso M, Schubert S, Olson JM, Cho YJ, Li XN, Crawford JR, Levy ML, Kool M, Pfister SM, Taylor MD, Wechsler-Reya RJ. HDAC and PI3K Antagonists Cooperate to Inhibit Growth of MYC-Driven Medulloblastoma. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:311-323. [PMID: 26977882 PMCID: PMC4794752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant pediatric brain tumor. Despite aggressive therapy, many patients succumb to the disease, and survivors experience severe side effects from treatment. MYC-driven MB has a particularly poor prognosis and would greatly benefit from more effective therapies. We used an animal model of MYC-driven MB to screen for drugs that decrease viability of tumor cells. Among the most effective compounds were histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs). HDACIs potently inhibit survival of MYC-driven MB cells in vitro, in part by inducing expression of the FOXO1 tumor suppressor gene. HDACIs also synergize with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors to inhibit tumor growth in vivo. These studies identify an effective combination therapy for the most aggressive form of MB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Pei
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Cancer and Immunology Department, Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Kun-Wei Liu
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexandra Garancher
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Cancer and Immunology Department, Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Lourdes A Esparza
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Donna L Maier
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yoko T Udaka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego - Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Najiba Murad
- Cancer and Immunology Department, Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Sorana Morrissy
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Huriye Seker-Cin
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Core Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brabetz
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Core Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lin Qi
- Brain Tumor Program, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mari Kogiso
- Brain Tumor Program, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Simone Schubert
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Brain Tumor Program, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John R Crawford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego - Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego - Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Michael L Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego - Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Core Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Core Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression is common and not correlated to gene copy number in ependymoma. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:281-90. [PMID: 26686534 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-015-2981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status in ependymoma specimens, as there is a need for new prognostic and druggable targets in this disease. METHODS Ependymomas (WHO grade II, n = 40; WHO grade III, n = 15) located spinal (n = 35), infratentorial (n = 14), and supratentorial (n = 6) of 53 patients with a median age of 40 (range, 2-79) years were analyzed for Ki-67, p53, and EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray and for EGFR gene copy number alterations/mutations. Results were correlated to clinical data. RESULTS EGFR overexpression was found in 30/60% of ependymomas depending on the antibody used and was more pronounced in WHO grade III. High EGFR gene copy number gains were found in 6 (11%) ependymomas with half of them being amplifications. EGFR amplified ependymomas displayed an EGFR overexpression with both antibodies in two of three cases. A missense mutation in exon 20 of EGFR (S768I) was detected in one amplified case. CONCLUSIONS EGFR is frequently overexpressed in ependymomas. Other mechanisms than amplification of the EGFR gene appear to contribute to EGFR overexpression in most cases. EGFR mutations may be present in a small subset of ependymomas.
Collapse
|
47
|
Morfouace M, Nimmervoll B, Boulos N, Patel YT, Shelat A, Freeman BB, Robinson GW, Wright K, Gajjar A, Stewart CF, Gilbertson RJ, Roussel MF. Preclinical studies of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine and tetrahydrouridine in pediatric brain tumors. J Neurooncol 2016; 126:225-34. [PMID: 26518542 PMCID: PMC4718940 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapies active in preclinical studies frequently fail in the clinic due to lack of efficacy, which limits progress for rare cancers since only small numbers of patients are available for clinical trials. Thus, a preclinical drug development pipeline was developed to prioritize potentially active regimens for pediatric brain tumors spanning from in vitro drug screening, through intracranial and intra-tumoral pharmacokinetics to in vivo efficacy studies. Here, as an example of the pipeline, data are presented for the combination of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine and tetrahydrouridine in three pediatric brain tumor models. The in vitro activity of nine novel therapies was tested against tumor spheres derived from faithful mouse models of Group 3 medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and choroid plexus carcinoma. Agents with the greatest in vitro potency were then subjected to a comprehensive series of in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) studies culminating in preclinical efficacy trials in mice harboring brain tumors. The nucleoside analog 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (FdCyd) markedly reduced the proliferation in vitro of all three brain tumor cell types at nanomolar concentrations. Detailed intracranial PK studies confirmed that systemically administered FdCyd exceeded concentrations in brain tumors necessary to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, but no tumor displayed a significant in vivo therapeutic response. Despite promising in vitro activity and in vivo PK properties, FdCyd is unlikely to be an effective treatment of pediatric brain tumors, and therefore was deprioritized for the clinic. Our comprehensive and integrated preclinical drug development pipeline should reduce the attrition of drugs in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Morfouace
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Birgit Nimmervoll
- CR UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Nidal Boulos
- CR UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Yogesh T Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Anang Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Burgess B Freeman
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Giles W Robinson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Karen Wright
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- CR UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK.
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wright KD, Daryani VM, Turner DC, Onar-Thomas A, Boulos N, Orr BA, Gilbertson RJ, Stewart CF, Gajjar A. Phase I study of 5-fluorouracil in children and young adults with recurrent ependymoma. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:1620-7. [PMID: 26541630 PMCID: PMC4633933 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report a phase I study to examine the pharmacokinetics, safety, and recommended dosage of weekly intravenous bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in children and young adults with recurrent ependymoma. METHODS Patients 22 years of age or less with recurrent ependymoma were treated with bolus dosage 5-FU weekly for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week rest period, defining one cycle. Patients could continue on therapy for 16 cycles. The starting 5-FU dosage was 500 mg/m(2). Dose-limiting toxicity was determined after one cycle. Patients were initially enrolled according to a rolling-6 design; subsequent dose re-escalation phase was based on a 3 + 3 design. RESULTS We treated patients at 400 (n = 6), 500 (n = 15), and 650 (n = 5) mg/m(2), with de-escalation due to toxicity. Twenty-three of twenty-six patients enrolled were evaluable. Five patients experienced grade 4 neutropenia (n = 2: 650 mg/m(2); n = 3: 500 mg/m(2)). One patient experienced grade 3 diarrhea. At 500 mg/m(2), the median 5-FU maximal concentration, AUC0-∞, and alpha half-life were 825 µM, 205 µM × h, and 9.9 min, respectively. Interim analysis revealed an association between hematologic toxicity and prior number of chemotherapeutic regimens (P = .03). The study was amended to re-escalate the dosage in a less heavily pretreated cohort of patients. CONCLUSIONS These phase I clinical data provide initial pharmacokinetic parameters to describe i.v. bolus 5-FU disposition in children with recurrent ependymoma. Tumor exposures effective in preclinical testing can be achieved with tolerable bolus dosages in patients. Bolus 5-FU is well tolerated and possesses antitumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Wright
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Vinay M Daryani
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - David C Turner
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Arzu Onar-Thomas
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Nidal Boulos
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Brent A Orr
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Elkins JM, Fedele V, Szklarz M, Abdul Azeez KR, Salah E, Mikolajczyk J, Romanov S, Sepetov N, Huang XP, Roth BL, Al Haj Zen A, Fourches D, Muratov E, Tropsha A, Morris J, Teicher BA, Kunkel M, Polley E, Lackey KE, Atkinson FL, Overington JP, Bamborough P, Müller S, Price DJ, Willson TM, Drewry DH, Knapp S, Zuercher WJ. Comprehensive characterization of the Published Kinase Inhibitor Set. Nat Biotechnol 2015; 34:95-103. [PMID: 26501955 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of protein kinase inhibitors as approved therapeutics, drug discovery has focused on a small subset of kinase targets. Here we provide a thorough characterization of the Published Kinase Inhibitor Set (PKIS), a set of 367 small-molecule ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors that was recently made freely available with the aim of expanding research in this field and as an experiment in open-source target validation. We screen the set in activity assays with 224 recombinant kinases and 24 G protein-coupled receptors and in cellular assays of cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis. We identify chemical starting points for designing new chemical probes of orphan kinases and illustrate the utility of these leads by developing a selective inhibitor for the previously untargeted kinases LOK and SLK. Our cellular screens reveal compounds that modulate cancer cell growth and angiogenesis in vitro. These reagents and associated data illustrate an efficient way forward to increasing understanding of the historically untargeted kinome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vita Fedele
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Szklarz
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kamal R Abdul Azeez
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eidarus Salah
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Xi-Ping Huang
- The National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Active Drug Screening Program, (NIMH PDSP), Department of Pharmacology and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- The National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Active Drug Screening Program, (NIMH PDSP), Department of Pharmacology and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ayman Al Haj Zen
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Denis Fourches
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eugene Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alex Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joel Morris
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Beverly A Teicher
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Kunkel
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Polley
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen E Lackey
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Francis L Atkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - John P Overington
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Susanne Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Price
- Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy M Willson
- Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David H Drewry
- Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - William J Zuercher
- Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Grill J. Translating preclinical hopes into clinical reality for children with ependymoma. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:1545-6. [PMID: 26468169 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Grill
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology and CNRS UMR 8203, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, France (J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|