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Lin Q, Ma W, Xu M, Xu Z, Wang J, Liang Z, Zhu L, Wu M, Luo J, Liu H, Liu J, Jin Y. A clinical prognostic model related to T cells based on machine learning for predicting the prognosis and immune response of ovarian cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36898. [PMID: 39296051 PMCID: PMC11409031 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OV) is regarded as one of the most lethal malignancies affecting the female reproductive system, with individuals diagnosed with OV often facing a dismal prognosis due to resistance to chemotherapy and the presence of an immunosuppressive environment. T cells serve as a crucial mediator for immune surveillance and cancer elimination. This study aims to analyze the mechanism of T cell-associated markers in OV and create a prognostic model for clinical use in enhancing outcomes for OV patients. Methods Based on the single-cell dataset GSE184880, this study used single-cell data analysis to identify characteristic T cell subsets. Analysis of high dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA) is utilized to identify crucial gene modules along with their corresponding hub genes. A grand total of 113 predictive models were formed utilizing ten distinct machine learning algorithms along with the combination of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA)-OV dataset and the GSE140082 dataset. The most dependable clinical prognostic model was created utilizing the leave one out cross validation (LOOCV) framework. The validation process for the models was achieved by conducting survival curve analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The relationship between risk scores and immune cells was explored through the utilization of the Cibersort algorithm. Additionally, an analysis of drug sensitivity was carried out to anticipate chemotherapy responses across various risk groups. The genes implicated in the model were authenticated utilizing qRT-PCR, cell viability experiments, and EdU assay. Results This study developed a clinical prognostic model that includes ten risk genes. The results obtained from the training set of the study indicate that patients classified in the low-risk group experience a significant survival advantage compared to those in the high-risk group. The ROC analysis demonstrates that the model holds significant clinical utility. These results were verified using an independent dataset, strengthening the model's precision and dependability. The risk assessment provided by the model also serves as an independent prognostic factor for OV patients. The study also unveiled a noteworthy relationship between the risk scores calculated by the model and various immune cells, suggesting that the model may potentially serve as a valuable tool in forecasting responses to both immune therapy and chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients. Notably, experimental evidence suggests that PFN1, one of the genes included in the model, is upregulated in human OV cell lines and has the capacity to promote cancer progression in in vitro models. Conclusion We have created an accurate and dependable clinical prognostic model for OV capable of predicting clinical outcomes and categorizing patients. This model effectively forecasts responses to both immune therapy and chemotherapy. By regulating the immune microenvironment and targeting the key gene PFN1, it may improve the prognosis for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwang Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixu Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengchang Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Provincial First-class Applied Discipline (pharmacy), Changsha, China
| | - Zijin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menglu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Toyota N, Tsuruta M, Tajima Y, Shigeta K, Okabayashi K, Hasegawa H, Fujita S, Yoshimatsu Y, Ozawa I, Kondo T, Kitagawa Y. Profilin 2 isoform expression is associated with lung metastasis of colorectal cancer according to a comprehensive gene expression study using a mouse model. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:381. [PMID: 38939626 PMCID: PMC11209866 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung metastasis is the second most common type of metastasis in colorectal cancer. Specific treatments for lung metastasis have not been developed since the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular basis of lung metastasis in colorectal cancer. In a mouse model, cell lines that were highly metastatic to the lungs were established by injecting colorectal cancer cells through the tail vein and removing them from the lungs. Differential gene expression comparing the transfected cells with their parental cells was investigated using DNA microarrays. The results were functionally interpreted using gene enrichment analysis and validated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The isoforms of the identified genes were examined by melting curve analysis. The present study established colorectal cancer cell lines that were highly metastatic to the lungs. DNA microarray experiments revealed that genes (N-cadherin, VE-cadherin, Six4, Akt and VCAM1) involved in motility, proliferation and adhesion were upregulated, and genes (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 and PAX6) with tumor-suppressive functions were downregulated in metastatic cells. Profilin 2 (PFN2) expression was upregulated in multiple metastatic cell lines using RT-qPCR. Two PFN2 isoforms were overexpressed in metastatic cells. In vitro and in vivo models were established and genes associated with lung metastasis were identified to overcome the heterogeneity of the disease. Overall, aberrant PFN2 expression is unreported in lung metastasis in colorectal cancer. In the present study, two PFN2 isoforms with differential tissue distribution were upregulated in metastatic cells, suggesting that they promote lung metastasis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Toyota
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0834, Japan
| | - Masashi Tsuruta
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery and Welfare, School of Medicine, International University of Health, Narita, Chiba 286-8520, Japan
| | - Yuki Tajima
- Department of Surgery, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0065, Japan
| | - Kohei Shigeta
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Okabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Shin Fujita
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0834, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimatsu
- Department of Patient-Derived Cancer Model, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0834, Japan
| | - Iwao Ozawa
- Department of Patient-Derived Cancer Model, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0834, Japan
- Department of Cancer Proteogenomics, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0834, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Department of Cancer Proteogenomics, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0834, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Cheng Y, Li Q, Sun G, Li T, Zou Y, Ye H, Wang K, Shi J, Wang P. Serum anti-CFL1, anti-EZR, and anti-CYPA autoantibody as diagnostic markers in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9757. [PMID: 38684875 PMCID: PMC11058243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify novel autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and explore a diagnostic panel for Ovarian cancer (OC). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of five anti-TAA autoantibodies in the discovery (70 OC and 70 normal controls) and validation cohorts (128 OC and 128 normal controls). Machine learning methods were used to construct a diagnostic panel. Serum samples from 81 patients with benign ovarian disease were used to identify the specificity of anti-TAA autoantibodies for OC. In both the discovery and validation cohorts, the expression of anti-CFL1, anti-EZR, anti-CYPA, and anti-PFN1 was higher in patients with OC than that in normal controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the panel containing anti-CFL1, anti-EZR, and anti-CYPA were 0.762, 55.56%, and 81.31%. The panel identified 53.06%, 53.33%, and 51.11% of CA125 negative, HE4 negative and the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm negative OC patients, respectively. The combination of the three anti-TAA autoantibodies can serve as a favorable diagnostic tool for OC and has the potential to be a complementary biomarker for CA125 and HE4 in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Cheng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Qing Li
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guiying Sun
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Tiandong Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuanlin Zou
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hua Ye
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Keyan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China.
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Song X, Tiek D, Miki S, Huang T, Lu M, Goenka A, Iglesia R, Yu X, Wu R, Walker M, Zeng C, Shah H, Weng SHS, Huff A, Zhang W, Koga T, Hubert C, Horbinski CM, Furnari FB, Hu B, Cheng SY. RNA splicing analysis deciphers developmental hierarchies and reveals therapeutic targets in adult glioma. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173789. [PMID: 38662454 PMCID: PMC11142752 DOI: 10.1172/jci173789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Widespread alterations in RNA alternative splicing (AS) have been identified in adult gliomas. However, their regulatory mechanism, biological significance, and therapeutic potential remain largely elusive. Here, using a computational approach with both bulk and single-cell RNA-Seq, we uncover a prognostic AS signature linked with neural developmental hierarchies. Using advanced iPSC glioma models driven by glioma driver mutations, we show that this AS signature could be enhanced by EGFRvIII and inhibited by in situ IDH1 mutation. Functional validations of 2 isoform switching events in CERS5 and MPZL1 show regulations of sphingolipid metabolism and SHP2 signaling, respectively. Analysis of upstream RNA binding proteins reveals PTBP1 as a key regulator of the AS signature where targeting of PTBP1 suppresses tumor growth and promotes the expression of a neuron marker TUJ1 in glioma stem-like cells. Overall, our data highlights the role of AS in affecting glioma malignancy and heterogeneity and its potential as a therapeutic vulnerability for treating adult gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Song
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deanna Tiek
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shunichiro Miki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tianzhi Huang
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Minghui Lu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anshika Goenka
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rebeca Iglesia
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaozhou Yu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Runxin Wu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maya Walker
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chang Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Metabolomics Platform, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Shao Huan Samuel Weng
- Proteomics Platform, Office of Shared Research Facilities, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Allen Huff
- Proteomics Platform, Office of Shared Research Facilities, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Koga
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher Hubert
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserved University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Craig M. Horbinski
- Departments of Pathology and Neurological Surgery, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Frank B. Furnari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kordshouli SO, Tahmasebi A, Moghadam A, Ramezani A, Niazi A. A comprehensive meta-analysis of transcriptome data to identify signature genes associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0289561. [PMID: 38324544 PMCID: PMC10849254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a five-year survival rate of less than 5%. Absence of symptoms at primary tumor stages, as well as high aggressiveness of the tumor can lead to high mortality in cancer patients. Most patients are recognized at the advanced or metastatic stage without surgical symptom, because of the lack of reliable early diagnostic biomarkers. The objective of this work was to identify potential cancer biomarkers by integrating transcriptome data. METHODS Several transcriptomic datasets comprising of 11 microarrays were retrieved from the GEO database. After pre-processing, a meta-analysis was applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and nontumor samples for datasets. Next, co-expression analysis, functional enrichment and survival analyses were used to determine the functional properties of DEGs and identify potential prognostic biomarkers. In addition, some regulatory factors involved in PDAC including transcription factors (TFs), protein kinases (PKs), and miRNAs were identified. RESULTS After applying meta-analysis, 1074 DEGs including 539 down- and 535 up-regulated genes were identified. Pathway enrichment analyzes using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in the HIF-1 signaling pathway and focal adhesion. The results also showed that some of the DEGs were assigned to TFs that belonged to 23 conserved families. Sixty-four PKs were identified among the DEGs that showed the CAMK family was the most abundant group. Moreover, investigation of corresponding upstream regions of DEGs identified 11 conserved sequence motifs. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 8 modules, more of them were significantly enriched in Ras signaling, p53 signaling, MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, several hubs in modules were identified, including EMP1, EVL, ELP5, DEF8, MTERF4, GLUP1, CAPN1, IGF1R, HSD17B14, TOM1L2 and RAB11FIP3. According to survival analysis, it was identified that the expression levels of two genes, EMP1 and RAB11FIP3 are related to prognosis. CONCLUSION We identified several genes critical for PDAC based on meta-analysis and system biology approach. These genes may serve as potential targets for the treatment and prognosis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Moghadam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Ramezani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Zmorzynski S, Kimicka-Szajwaj A, Szajwaj A, Czerwik-Marcinkowska J, Wojcierowski J. Genetic Changes in Mastocytes and Their Significance in Mast Cell Tumor Prognosis and Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:137. [PMID: 38275618 PMCID: PMC10815783 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors are a large group of diseases occurring in dogs, cats, mice, as well as in humans. Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a disease involving the accumulation of mast cells in organs. KIT gene mutations are very often seen in abnormal mast cells. In SM, high KIT/CD117 expression is observed; however, there are usually no KIT gene mutations present. Mastocytoma (MCT)-a form of cutaneous neoplasm-is common in animals but quite rare in humans. KIT/CD117 receptor mutations were studied as the typical changes for human mastocytosis. In 80% of human cases, the KIT gene substitution p.D816H was present. In about 25% of MCTs, metastasis was observed. Changes in the gene expression of certain genes, such as overexpression of the DNAJ3A3 gene, promote metastasis. In contrast, the SNORD93 gene blocks the expression of metastasis genes. The panel of miR-21-5p, miR-379, and miR-885 has a good efficiency in discriminating healthy and MCT-affected dogs, as well as MCT-affected dogs with and without nodal metastasis. Further studies on the pathobiology of mast cells can lead to clinical improvements, such as better MCT diagnosis and treatment. Our paper reviews studies on the topic of mast cells, which have been carried out over the past few years.
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Ying Y, Tao N, Zhang F, Wen X, Zhou M, Gao J. Thymosin β4 Regulates the Differentiation of Thymocytes by Controlling the Cytoskeletal Rearrangement and Mitochondrial Transfer of Thymus Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1088. [PMID: 38256161 PMCID: PMC10816181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The thymus is one of the most crucial immunological organs, undergoing visible age-related shrinkage. Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) play a vital role in maintaining the normal function of the thymus, and their degeneration is the primary cause of age-induced thymic devolution. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) serves as a significant important G-actin sequestering peptide. The objective of this study was to explore whether Tβ4 influences thymocyte differentiation by regulating the cytoskeletal rearrangement and mitochondrial transfer of TECs. A combination of H&E staining, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, cytoskeletal immunolabeling, and mitochondrial immunolabeling were employed to observe the effects of Tβ4 on TECs' skeleton rearrangement, mitochondrial transfer, and thymocyte differentiation. The study revealed that the Tβ4 primarily regulates the formation of microfilaments and the mitochondrial transfer of TECs, along with the formation and maturation of double-negative cells (CD4-CD8-) and CD4 single-positive cells (CD3+TCRβ+CD4+CD8-) thymocytes. This study suggests that Tβ4 plays a crucial role in thymocyte differentiation by influencing the cytoskeletal rearrangement and mitochondrial transfer of TECs. These effects may be associated with Tβ4's impact on the aggregation of F-actin. This finding opens up new avenues for research in the field of immune aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jianli Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.Y.); (N.T.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
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Cherubini M, Erickson S, Padmanaban P, Haberkant P, Stein F, Beltran-Sastre V, Haase K. Flow in fetoplacental-like microvessels in vitro enhances perfusion, barrier function, and matrix stability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj8540. [PMID: 38134282 PMCID: PMC10745711 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Proper placental vascularization is vital for pregnancy outcomes, but assessing it with animal models and human explants has limitations. We introduce a 3D in vitro model of human placenta terminal villi including fetal mesenchyme and vascular endothelium. By coculturing HUVEC, placental fibroblasts, and pericytes in a macrofluidic chip with a flow reservoir, we generate fully perfusable fetal microvessels. Pressure-driven flow facilitates microvessel growth and remodeling, resulting in early formation of interconnected and lasting placental-like vascular networks. Computational fluid dynamics simulations predict shear forces, which increase microtissue stiffness, decrease diffusivity, and enhance barrier function as shear stress rises. Mass spectrometry analysis reveals enhanced protein expression with flow, including matrix stability regulators, proteins associated with actin dynamics, and cytoskeleton organization. Our model provides a powerful tool for deducing complex in vivo parameters, such as shear stress on developing vascularized placental tissue, and holds promise for unraveling gestational disorders related to the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cherubini
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott Erickson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Per Haberkant
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Székiová E, Michalová Z, Blaško J, Mucha R, Slovinská L, Kello M, Vanický I. Characterisation of mesenchymal stem cells conditioned media obtained at different conditioning times: their effect on glial cells in in vitro scratch model. Growth Factors 2023; 41:57-70. [PMID: 36825505 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2023.2182145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells conditioned media (BMMSC-CM) obtained by conditioning for 24(CM24), 48(CM48) and 72(CM72) hours was characterised. In vitro, the impact of BMMSC-CM on the astrocyte migratory response and oligodendrocyte density was evaluated using the scratch model. The proteomic profiles of individual secretomes were analysed by mass spectrometry and the concentrations of four selected neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF, GDNF and VEGF) were determined by ELISA. Our results revealed an increased number of proteins at CM72, many of which are involved in neuroregenerative processes. ELISA documented a gradual increase in the concentration of two neurotrophins (NGF, VEGF), peaking at CM72. In vitro, the different effect of individual BMMSC-CM on astrocyte migration response and oligodendrocyte density was observed, most pronounced with CM72. The outcomes demonstrate that the prolonged conditioning results in increased release of detectable proteins, neurotrophic factors concentration and stronger effect on reparative processes in neural cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Székiová
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Michalová
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Blaško
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Mucha
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Slovinská
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
- Associated Tissue Bank, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivo Vanický
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
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10
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Parker SS, Ly KT, Grant AD, Sweetland J, Wang AM, Parker JD, Roman MR, Saboda K, Roe DJ, Padi M, Wolgemuth CW, Langlais P, Mouneimne G. EVL and MIM/MTSS1 regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling to promote dendritic filopodia in neurons. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202106081. [PMID: 36828364 PMCID: PMC9998662 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202106081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are the postsynaptic compartment of a neuronal synapse and are critical for synaptic connectivity and plasticity. A developmental precursor to dendritic spines, dendritic filopodia (DF), facilitate synapse formation by sampling the environment for suitable axon partners during neurodevelopment and learning. Despite the significance of the actin cytoskeleton in driving these dynamic protrusions, the actin elongation factors involved are not well characterized. We identified the Ena/VASP protein EVL as uniquely required for the morphogenesis and dynamics of DF. Using a combination of genetic and optogenetic manipulations, we demonstrated that EVL promotes protrusive motility through membrane-direct actin polymerization at DF tips. EVL forms a complex at nascent protrusions and DF tips with MIM/MTSS1, an I-BAR protein important for the initiation of DF. We proposed a model in which EVL cooperates with MIM to coalesce and elongate branched actin filaments, establishing the dynamic lamellipodia-like architecture of DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S. Parker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kenneth Tran Ly
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adam D. Grant
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jillian Sweetland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ashley M. Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - James D. Parker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mackenzie R. Roman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kathylynn Saboda
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Denise J. Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Megha Padi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Charles W. Wolgemuth
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Langlais
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ghassan Mouneimne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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11
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Li H, Ma Q, Ren J, Guo W, Feng K, Li Z, Huang T, Cai YD. Immune responses of different COVID-19 vaccination strategies by analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing data from multiple tissues using machine learning methods. Front Genet 2023; 14:1157305. [PMID: 37007947 PMCID: PMC10065150 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1157305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple types of COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and in reducing post-infection symptoms. Almost all of these vaccines induce systemic immune responses, but differences in immune responses induced by different vaccination regimens are evident. This study aimed to reveal the differences in immune gene expression levels of different target cells under different vaccine strategies after SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters. A machine learning based process was designed to analyze single-cell transcriptomic data of different cell types from the blood, lung, and nasal mucosa of hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2, including B and T cells from the blood and nasal cavity, macrophages from the lung and nasal cavity, alveolar epithelial and lung endothelial cells. The cohort was divided into five groups: non-vaccinated (control), 2*adenovirus (two doses of adenovirus vaccine), 2*attenuated (two doses of attenuated virus vaccine), 2*mRNA (two doses of mRNA vaccine), and mRNA/attenuated (primed by mRNA vaccine, boosted by attenuated vaccine). All genes were ranked using five signature ranking methods (LASSO, LightGBM, Monte Carlo feature selection, mRMR, and permutation feature importance). Some key genes that contributed to the analysis of immune changes, such as RPS23, DDX5, PFN1 in immune cells, and IRF9 and MX1 in tissue cells, were screened. Afterward, the five feature sorting lists were fed into the feature incremental selection framework, which contained two classification algorithms (decision tree [DT] and random forest [RF]), to construct optimal classifiers and generate quantitative rules. Results showed that random forest classifiers could provide relative higher performance than decision tree classifiers, whereas the DT classifiers provided quantitative rules that indicated special gene expression levels under different vaccine strategies. These findings may help us to develop better protective vaccination programs and new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinglan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxin Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhandong Li
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Mao Z, Nakamura F. Interaction of LARP4 to filamin A mechanosensing domain regulates cell migrations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1152109. [PMID: 37169020 PMCID: PMC10164935 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1152109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamin A (FLNA) is an actin cross-linking protein that mediates mechanotransduction. Force-dependent conformational changes of FLNA molecule expose cryptic binding site of FLNA, allowing interaction with partners such as integrin, smoothelin, and fimbacin. Here, we identified La-related protein 4 (LARP4) as a new FLNA mechanobinding partner. LARP4 specifically interacts with the cleft formed by C and D strands of immunoglobulin-like repeat 21 (R21) which is blocked by A strand of R20 without force. We validated the interaction between LARP4 and FLNA R21 both in vivo and in vitro. We also determined the critical amino acid that is responsible for the interaction and generated the non-FLNA-binding mutant LARP4 (F277A in human: F273A in mouse Larp4) that disrupts the interaction. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) of GFP-labeled LARP4 in living cells demonstrated that mutant LARP4 diffuses faster than WT LARP4. Proximity ligation assay (PLA) also confirmed their interaction and disruption of actin polymerization diminishes the interaction. Data mining of RNAseq analysis of LARP4 knockdown (KD) HEK293T cells suggested that LARP4 is involved in morphogenesis and cell motility. Consistent with this prediction, we found that KD of LARP4 increases cell migration speed and expression of the F277A mutant LARP4 in LARP4-KD cells also leads to a higher cell migration speed compared to WT LARP4. These results demonstrated that the LARP4 interaction with FLNA regulates cell migration.
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13
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Chatterjee A, Ansar S, Gopal D, Vetrivel U, George R, Narayanan J. Elucidating the Therapeutic Potential of Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Human Tenon Fibroblast Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16536-16546. [PMID: 35601335 PMCID: PMC9118429 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been widely used as vehicles for delivering therapeutic molecules to the site of action. Apart from their delivering potential, the biological effects of CPPs have not been explored in detail. JTS-1 is a CPP that has been reported to have gene delivery functions, although its biological role is yet to be determined. Hence, in this study, we revealed the biological mechanism such as its uptake mechanism and immunogenic potential and function using primary human tenon fibroblast (TF) cells collected from patients undergoing glaucoma trabeculectomy surgery. Our results showed that the JTS-1 peptide has an α-helical structure and is nontoxic up to 1 μM concentration. It was found to be colocalized with early endosome (Rab5), recycling endosome (Rab7), and Rab11 and interacted with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II. The peptide also affected actin polymerization, which is regulated by cofilin phosphorylation and ROCK1 localization. It also inhibited TF cell proliferation. Therefore, the JTS-1 peptide could be used as a possible therapeutic agent for modifying the fibrosis process, where TF proliferation is a key cause of surgery failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chatterjee
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, No.18/41, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600006, India
| | - Samdani Ansar
- Department
of Bioinformatics, Vision Research Foundation, No.18/41, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600006, India
| | - Divya Gopal
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, No.18/41, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600006, India
| | - Umashankar Vetrivel
- Department
of Bioinformatics, Vision Research Foundation, No.18/41, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600006, India
- Department
of Health Research (Govt. of India), National
Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Ronnie George
- Department
of Glaucoma, Medical & Vision Research
Foundation, No.18/41,
College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600006, India
| | - Janakiraman Narayanan
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, No.18/41, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600006, India
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14
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Sun J, Zhong X, Fu X, Miller H, Lee P, Yu B, Liu C. The Actin Regulators Involved in the Function and Related Diseases of Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:799309. [PMID: 35371070 PMCID: PMC8965893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.799309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is an important cytoskeletal protein involved in signal transduction, cell structure and motility. Actin regulators include actin-monomer-binding proteins, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) family of proteins, nucleation proteins, actin filament polymerases and severing proteins. This group of proteins regulate the dynamic changes in actin assembly/disassembly, thus playing an important role in cell motility, intracellular transport, cell division and other basic cellular activities. Lymphocytes are important components of the human immune system, consisting of T-lymphocytes (T cells), B-lymphocytes (B cells) and natural killer cells (NK cells). Lymphocytes are indispensable for both innate and adaptive immunity and cannot function normally without various actin regulators. In this review, we first briefly introduce the structure and fundamental functions of a variety of well-known and newly discovered actin regulators, then we highlight the role of actin regulators in T cell, B cell and NK cell, and finally provide a landscape of various diseases associated with them. This review provides new directions in exploring actin regulators and promotes more precise and effective treatments for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxuan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingyu Zhong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Berns ML, Habas R. Biochemical Assays to Detect Activation of Small GTPases Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 during Morphogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2438:83-95. [PMID: 35147936 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2035-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wnt/Frizzled (Fz) signaling controls developmental, physiological, and pathological processes through several distinct pathways. Wnt/Fz activation of the small GTPases Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, is one key mechanism that regulates cell polarity and migration during vertebrate gastrulation. In this chapter, we describe biochemical assays for detection of Wnt/Fz-mediated activation of Rho, Rac and Cdc42 in both mammalian cells and Xenopus embryo explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Berns
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Raymond Habas
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Zhang Z, Liu R, Wang Y, Wang Y, Shuai Y, Ke C, Jin R, Wang X, Luo J. Phosphorylation of MICAL2 by ARG promotes head and neck cancer tumorigenesis by regulating skeletal rearrangement. Oncogene 2022; 41:334-346. [PMID: 34750518 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeletal architecture provides the structural underpinnings for crucial cellular behaviors. In cancer cells, changes in the actin cytoskeleton may serve as prerequisites for proliferation, invasion, and metastatic dissemination. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we show that MICAL2, which is increased in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and inversely associated with patient survival, promotes HNSCC growth, invasion, and migration. MICAL2 serves as a flavoprotein monooxygenase and directly induces actin filament depolymerization by specifically oxidizing the methionine 44 and 47 residues of F-actin. The kinase ARG interacts with MICAL2 and augments MICAL2-mediated actin disassembly. Direct phosphorylation assay and mass spectrometry confirmed that ARG phosphorylates MICAL2 at Tyr445, Tyr463, and Tyr488. Substitution of the Tyr445 or Tyr463 residue of purified recombinant MICAL2-redox with phenylalanine (generating a non-phosphorylatable mutant) abolishes the enhanced MICAL2-mediated F-actin disassembly induced by ARG. Consistently, ectopic expression of non-phosphorylatable MICAL2 mutants (MICAL2Y445F and MICAL2Y463F, not MICAL2Y488F) failed to ameliorate HNSCC cell growth, whereas expression of wild-type MICAL2 or MICAL2Y488F rescued the impaired proliferation induced by MICAL2 knockdown. Moreover, CCG-1423, an inhibitor of MICAL2, was shown to inhibit HNSCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Taken together, our findings indicate that phosphorylation of MICAL2 at Tyr445 and Tyr463 by ARG mediates F-actin disassembly and promotes HNSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjie Shuai
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuangwu Ke
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingtao Luo
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
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17
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Hwang T, Parker SS, Hill SM, Ilunga MW, Grant RA, Mouneimne G, Keating AE. A distributed residue network permits conformational binding specificity in a conserved family of actin remodelers. eLife 2021; 10:e70601. [PMID: 34854809 PMCID: PMC8639148 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metazoan proteomes contain many paralogous proteins that have evolved distinct functions. The Ena/VASP family of actin regulators consists of three members that share an EVH1 interaction domain with a 100 % conserved binding site. A proteome-wide screen revealed photoreceptor cilium actin regulator (PCARE) as a high-affinity ligand for ENAH EVH1. Here, we report the surprising observation that PCARE is ~100-fold specific for ENAH over paralogs VASP and EVL and can selectively bind ENAH and inhibit ENAH-dependent adhesion in cells. Specificity arises from a mechanism whereby PCARE stabilizes a conformation of the ENAH EVH1 domain that is inaccessible to family members VASP and EVL. Structure-based modeling rapidly identified seven residues distributed throughout EVL that are sufficient to differentiate binding by ENAH vs. EVL. By exploiting the ENAH-specific conformation, we rationally designed the tightest and most selective ENAH binder to date. Our work uncovers a conformational mechanism of interaction specificity that distinguishes highly similar paralogs and establishes tools for dissecting specific Ena/VASP functions in processes including cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Hwang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sara S Parker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Samantha M Hill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Meucci W Ilunga
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Robert A Grant
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Ghassan Mouneimne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Amy E Keating
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Biological Engineering and Koch Institue for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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18
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Di Domenico M, Jokwitz M, Witke W, Pilo Boyl P. Specificity and Redundancy of Profilin 1 and 2 Function in Brain Development and Neuronal Structure. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092310. [PMID: 34571959 PMCID: PMC8467068 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilin functions have been discussed in numerous cellular processes, including actin polymerization. One puzzling aspect is the concomitant expression of more than one profilin isoform in most tissues. In neuronal precursors and in neurons, profilin 1 and profilin 2 are co-expressed, but their specific and redundant functions in brain morphogenesis are still unclear. Using a conditional knockout mouse model to inactivate both profilins in the developing CNS, we found that threshold levels of profilin are necessary for the maintenance of the neuronal stem-cell compartment and the generation of the differentiated neurons, irrespective of the specific isoform. During embryonic development, profilin 1 is more abundant than profilin 2; consequently, modulation of profilin 1 levels resulted in a more severe phenotype than depletion of profilin 2. Interestingly, the relevance of the isoforms was reversed in the postnatal brain. Morphology of mature neurons showed a stronger dependence on profilin 2, since this is the predominant isoform in neurons. Our data highlight redundant functions of profilins in neuronal precursor expansion and differentiation, as well as in the maintenance of pyramidal neuron dendritic arborization. The specific profilin isoform is less relevant; however, a threshold profilin level is essential. We propose that the common activity of profilin 1 and profilin 2 in actin dynamics is responsible for the observed compensatory effects.
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19
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Adaptor SH3BGRL promotes breast cancer metastasis through PFN1 degradation by translational STUB1 upregulation. Oncogene 2021; 40:5677-5690. [PMID: 34331014 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic recurrence is still a major challenge in breast cancer treatment, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that a small adaptor protein, SH3BGRL, is upregulated in the majority of breast cancer patients, especially elevated in those with metastatic relapse, indicating it as a marker for the poor prognosis of breast cancer. Physiologically, SH3BGRL can multifunctionally promote breast cancer cell tumorigenicity, migration, invasiveness, and efficient lung colonization in nude mice. Mechanistically, SH3BGRL downregulates the acting-binding protein profilin 1 (PFN1) by accelerating the translation of the PFN1 E3 ligase, STUB1 via SH3BGRL interaction with ribosomal proteins, or/and enhancing the interaction of PFN1 with STUB1 to accelerate PFN1 degradation. Loss of PFN1 consequently contributes to downstream multiple activations of AKT, NF-kB, and WNT signaling pathways. In contrast, the forced expression of compensatory PFN1 in SH3BGRL-high cells efficiently neutralizes SH3BGRL-induced metastasis and tumorigenesis with PTEN upregulation and PI3K-AKT signaling inactivation. Clinical analysis validates that SH3BGRL expression is negatively correlated with PFN1 and PTEN levels, but positively to the activations of AKT, NF-kB, and WNT signaling pathways in breast patient tissues. Our results thus suggest that SH3BGRL is a valuable prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target for preventing breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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20
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Murk K, Ornaghi M, Schiweck J. Profilin Isoforms in Health and Disease - All the Same but Different. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681122. [PMID: 34458253 PMCID: PMC8387879 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilins are small actin binding proteins, which are structurally conserved throughout evolution. They are probably best known to promote and direct actin polymerization. However, they also participate in numerous cell biological processes beyond the roles typically ascribed to the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, most complex organisms express several profilin isoforms. Their cellular functions are far from being understood, whereas a growing number of publications indicate that profilin isoforms are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In this review, we will provide an overview of the profilin family and "typical" profilin properties including the control of actin dynamics. We will then discuss the profilin isoforms of higher animals in detail. In terms of cellular functions, we will focus on the role of Profilin 1 (PFN1) and Profilin 2a (PFN2a), which are co-expressed in the central nervous system. Finally, we will discuss recent findings that link PFN1 and PFN2a to neurological diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Fragile X syndrome (FXS), Huntington's disease and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Murk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Ornaghi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Schiweck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Tudor M, Gilbert A, Lepleux C, Temelie M, Hem S, Armengaud J, Brotin E, Haghdoost S, Savu D, Chevalier F. A Proteomic Study Suggests Stress Granules as New Potential Actors in Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157957. [PMID: 34360718 PMCID: PMC8347418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the direct effects of radiations, indirect effects are observed within the surrounding non-irradiated area; irradiated cells relay stress signals in this close proximity, inducing the so-called radiation-induced bystander effect. These signals received by neighboring unirradiated cells induce specific responses similar with those of direct irradiated cells. To understand the cellular response of bystander cells, we performed a 2D gel-based proteomic study of the chondrocytes receiving the conditioned medium of low-dose irradiated chondrosarcoma cells. The conditioned medium was directly analyzed by mass spectrometry in order to identify candidate bystander factors involved in the signal transmission. The proteomic analysis of the bystander chondrocytes highlighted 20 proteins spots that were significantly modified at low dose, implicating several cellular mechanisms, such as oxidative stress responses, cellular motility, and exosomes pathways. In addition, the secretomic analysis revealed that the abundance of 40 proteins in the conditioned medium of 0.1 Gy irradiated chondrosarcoma cells was significantly modified, as compared with the conditioned medium of non-irradiated cells. A large cluster of proteins involved in stress granules and several proteins involved in the cellular response to DNA damage stimuli were increased in the 0.1 Gy condition. Several of these candidates and cellular mechanisms were confirmed by functional analysis, such as 8-oxodG quantification, western blot, and wound-healing migration tests. Taken together, these results shed new lights on the complexity of the radiation-induced bystander effects and the large variety of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, including the identification of a new potential actor, namely the stress granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Tudor
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, HoriaHulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.T.); (M.T.); (D.S.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antoine Gilbert
- UMR6252 CIMAP, Team Applications in Radiobiology with Accelerated Ions, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-Université de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France; (A.G.); (C.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Charlotte Lepleux
- UMR6252 CIMAP, Team Applications in Radiobiology with Accelerated Ions, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-Université de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France; (A.G.); (C.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Mihaela Temelie
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, HoriaHulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.T.); (M.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Sonia Hem
- BPMP, Montpellier University, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France;
| | - Emilie Brotin
- ImpedanCELL Platform, Federative Structure 4206 ICORE, NormandieUniv, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE, Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancers Group (BioTICLA), Comprehensive Cancer Center F. Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France;
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- UMR6252 CIMAP, Team Applications in Radiobiology with Accelerated Ions, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-Université de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France; (A.G.); (C.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Diana Savu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, HoriaHulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.T.); (M.T.); (D.S.)
| | - François Chevalier
- UMR6252 CIMAP, Team Applications in Radiobiology with Accelerated Ions, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-Université de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France; (A.G.); (C.L.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)231-454-564
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22
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Walter LM, Rademacher S, Pich A, Claus P. Profilin2 regulates actin rod assembly in neuronal cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10287. [PMID: 33986363 PMCID: PMC8119500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear and cytoplasmic actin-cofilin rods are formed transiently under stress conditions to reduce actin filament turnover and ATP hydrolysis. The persistence of these structures has been implicated in disease pathology of several neurological disorders. Recently, the presence of actin rods has been discovered in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), a neurodegenerative disease affecting predominantly motoneurons leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. This finding underlined the importance of dysregulated actin dynamics in motoneuron loss in SMA. In this study, we characterized actin rods formed in a SMA cell culture model analyzing their composition by LC–MS-based proteomics. Besides actin and cofilin, we identified proteins involved in processes such as ubiquitination, translation or protein folding to be bound to actin rods. This suggests their sequestration to actin rods, thus impairing important cellular functions. Moreover, we showed the involvement of the cytoskeletal protein profilin2 and its upstream effectors RhoA/ROCK in actin rod assembly in SMA. These findings implicate that the formation of actin rods exerts detrimental effects on motoneuron homeostasis by affecting actin dynamics and disturbing essential cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Walter
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rademacher
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Institute of Toxicology and Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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23
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Abstract
A new study reports that the actin-monomer-binding protein profilin 1 dictates protrusion character at the cell edge. These findings help explain how distinct, tunable actin polymerization pathways collaborate to form higher-order cellular structures.
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24
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Discovery and Validation of Circulating EVL mRNA as a Prognostic Biomarker in Pancreatic Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6656337. [PMID: 33986805 PMCID: PMC8079208 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6656337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Circulating plasma mRNAs can be analyzed to identify putative cancer biomarkers. This study was conducted in an effort to detect plasma mRNA biomarkers capable of predicting pancreatic cancer (PACA) patient prognosis. Material and Methods. First, prognostic mRNAs that were differentially expressed in PACA in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were established, after which microarray expression profiles from PACA patient plasma samples were utilized to specifically identify potential prognostic plasma mRNA biomarkers associated with this cancer type. In total, plasma samples were then collected from 79 PACA patients and 19 healthy controls to confirm differential mRNA expression via qPCR, while Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to examine the link between mRNA expression and patient overall survival. Results In total, three prognostic differentially expressed genes were identified in PACA patient plasma samples, including SMAP2, PTPN6, and EVL (Ena/VASP-like). Plasma EVL levels were confirmed via qPCR to be correlated with tumor pathology (p < 0.01), while the overall survival of patients with low plasma EVL levels was poor (p < 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analyses further confirmed that plasma EVL levels were independent predictors of PACA patient prognosis. Conclusion We found that PACA is associated with the downregulation of plasma EVL mRNA levels, indicating that this mRNA may be a viable biomarker associated with patient prognosis.
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25
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Karlsson R, Dráber P. Profilin-A master coordinator of actin and microtubule organization in mammalian cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7256-7265. [PMID: 33821475 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a tremendous increase in cell biology data. Not least is this true for studies of the dynamic organization of the microfilament and microtubule systems in animal cells where analyses of the molecular components and their interaction patterns have deepened our understanding of these complex force-generating machineries. Previous observations of a molecular cross-talk between the two systems have now led to the realization of the existence of several intricate mechanisms operating to maintain their coordinated cellular organization. In this short review, we relate to this development by discussing new results concerning the function of the actin regulator profilin 1 as a control component of microfilament-microtubule cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, WGI, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pavel Dráber
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Profilin-1; a novel regulator of DNA damage response and repair machinery in keratinocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1439-1452. [PMID: 33590416 PMCID: PMC7925496 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Profilin-1 (PFN1) regulates actin polymerization and cytoskeletal growth. Despite the essential roles of PFN1 in cell integration, its subcellular function in keratinocyte has not been elucidated yet. Here we characterize the specific regulation of PFN1 in DNA damage response and repair machinery. PFN1 depletion accelerated DNA damage-mediated apoptosis exhibiting PTEN loss of function instigated by increased phosphorylated inactivation followed by high levels of AKT activation. PFN1 changed its predominant cytoplasmic localization to the nucleus upon DNA damage and subsequently restored the cytoplasmic compartment during the recovery time. Even though γH2AX was recruited at the sites of DNA double strand breaks in response to DNA damage, PFN1-deficient cells failed to recruit DNA repair factors, whereas control cells exhibited significant increases of these genes. Additionally, PFN1 depletion resulted in disruption of PTEN-AKT cascade upon DNA damage and CHK1-mediated cell cycle arrest was not recovered even after the recovery time exhibiting γH2AX accumulation. This might suggest PFN1 roles in regulating DNA damage response and repair machinery to protect cells from DNA damage. Future studies addressing the crosstalk and regulation of PTEN-related DNA damage sensing and repair pathway choice by PFN1 may further aid to identify new mechanistic insights for various DNA repair disorders.
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27
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Choi BH, Kou Z, Colon TM, Chen CH, Chen Y, Dai W. Identification of Radil as a Ras binding partner and putative activator. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100314. [PMID: 33482197 PMCID: PMC7949112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras genes are among the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human malignancies. To date, there are no successful anticancer drugs in the clinic that target Ras proteins or their pathways. Therefore, it is imperative to identify and characterize new components that regulate Ras activity or mediate its downstream signaling. To this end, we used a combination of affinity-pulldown and mass spectrometry to search for proteins that are physically associated with KRas. One of the top hits was Radil, a gene product with a Ras-association domain. Radil is known to be a downstream effector of Rap1, inhibiting RhoA signaling to regulate cell adhesion and migration. We demonstrate that Radil interacted with all three isoforms of Ras including HRas, NRas, and KRas, although it exhibited the strongest interaction with KRas. Moreover, Radil interacts with GTP-bound Ras more efficiently, suggesting a possibility that Radil may be involved in Ras activation. Supporting this, ectopic expression of Radil led to transient activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Radil knockdown resulted in weakened activation of Ras downstream signaling components, which was coupled with decreased cell proliferation and invasion, and reduced expression of mesenchymal cell markers. Moreover, Radil knockdown greatly reduced the number of adhesion foci and depolymerized actin filaments, molecular processes that facilitate cancer cell migration. Taken together, our present studies strongly suggest that Radil is an important player for regulating Ras signaling, cell adhesion, and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and may provide new directions for Ras-related anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Hyeok Choi
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ziyue Kou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tania Marlyn Colon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chih-Hong Chen
- Department of Surgery and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Surgery and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
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28
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Bressan C, Saghatelyan A. Intrinsic Mechanisms Regulating Neuronal Migration in the Postnatal Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:620379. [PMID: 33519385 PMCID: PMC7838331 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.620379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is a fundamental brain development process that allows cells to move from their birthplaces to their sites of integration. Although neuronal migration largely ceases during embryonic and early postnatal development, neuroblasts continue to be produced and to migrate to a few regions of the adult brain such as the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). In the SVZ, a large number of neuroblasts migrate into the olfactory bulb (OB) along the rostral migratory stream (RMS). Neuroblasts migrate in chains in a tightly organized micro-environment composed of astrocytes that ensheath the chains of neuroblasts and regulate their migration; the blood vessels that are used by neuroblasts as a physical scaffold and a source of molecular factors; and axons that modulate neuronal migration. In addition to diverse sets of extrinsic micro-environmental cues, long-distance neuronal migration involves a number of intrinsic mechanisms, including membrane and cytoskeleton remodeling, Ca2+ signaling, mitochondria dynamics, energy consumption, and autophagy. All these mechanisms are required to cope with the different micro-environment signals and maintain cellular homeostasis in order to sustain the proper dynamics of migrating neuroblasts and their faithful arrival in the target regions. Neuroblasts in the postnatal brain not only migrate into the OB but may also deviate from their normal path to migrate to a site of injury induced by a stroke or by certain neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will focus on the intrinsic mechanisms that regulate long-distance neuroblast migration in the adult brain and on how these pathways may be modulated to control the recruitment of neuroblasts to damaged/diseased brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Bressan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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29
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Ree R, Kind L, Kaziales A, Varland S, Dai M, Richter K, Drazic A, Arnesen T. PFN2 and NAA80 cooperate to efficiently acetylate the N-terminus of actin. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16713-16731. [PMID: 32978259 PMCID: PMC7864067 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is of profound importance to cell shape, division, and intracellular force generation. Profilins bind to globular (G-)actin and regulate actin filament formation. Although profilins are well-established actin regulators, the distinct roles of the dominant profilin, profilin 1 (PFN1), versus the less abundant profilin 2 (PFN2) remain enigmatic. In this study, we use interaction proteomics to discover that PFN2 is an interaction partner of the actin N-terminal acetyltransferase NAA80, and further confirm this by analytical ultracentrifugation. Enzyme assays with NAA80 and different profilins demonstrate that PFN2 binding specifically increases the intrinsic catalytic activity of NAA80. NAA80 binds PFN2 through a proline-rich loop, deletion of which abrogates PFN2 binding. Small-angle X-ray scattering shows that NAA80, actin, and PFN2 form a ternary complex and that NAA80 has partly disordered regions in the N-terminus and the proline-rich loop, the latter of which is partly ordered upon PFN2 binding. Furthermore, binding of PFN2 to NAA80 via the proline-rich loop promotes binding between the globular domains of actin and NAA80, and thus acetylation of actin. However, the majority of cellular NAA80 is stably bound to PFN2 and not to actin, and we propose that this complex acetylates G-actin before it is incorporated into filaments. In conclusion, we reveal a functionally specific role of PFN2 as a stable interactor and regulator of the actin N-terminal acetyltransferase NAA80, and establish the modus operandi for NAA80-mediated actin N-terminal acetylation, a modification with a major impact on cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Ree
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Laura Kind
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Kaziales
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Sylvia Varland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Minglu Dai
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Klaus Richter
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Adrian Drazic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Thomas Arnesen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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30
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Ling Y, Cao Q, Liu Y, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Li K, Chen Z, Du X, Huo X, Kang H, Chen Z. Profilin 2 (PFN2) promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of triple negative breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer 2020; 28:368-378. [PMID: 33047272 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype with the worst prognosis. The role of profilin 2 (PFN2) in TNBC is very controversial. The current study is to explore the role of PFN2 in TNBC. METHODS PFN2 expression in TNBC and normal breast tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. The association between PFN2 expression and prognosis in TNBC patients was analyzed from the TCGA database. A cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was employed to investigate the effects of PFN2 in TNBC cell proliferations. The migration and invasion capability of TNBC cells was evaluated by transwell assays. Western blot was performed to assess the related protein expression of TGF-β/Smad signaling and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Finally, TNBC xenografts were established to determine the tumorigenicity in vivo using female Nod/Scid mice. RESULTS PFN2 is upregulated in TNBC and the higher expression was associated with worse survival. CCK8 assays and Transwell assays demonstrated that PFN2 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of TNBC cells. Smad2 and Smad3 were upregulated in PFN2 overexpressing TNBC cells, which further induced the process of epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition. Similarly, the overexpressing PFN2 TNBC cells exhibited stronger tumorigenicity in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Higher PFN2 expression is associated with a worse 10-year overall survival and relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients, as well as worse 10-year relapse-free survival in TNBC patients. PFN2 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of TNBC cells by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Ling
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qi Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Kaifu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Hua Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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31
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Nassef MZ, Melnik D, Kopp S, Sahana J, Infanger M, Lützenberg R, Relja B, Wehland M, Grimm D, Krüger M. Breast Cancer Cells in Microgravity: New Aspects for Cancer Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197345. [PMID: 33027908 PMCID: PMC7582256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in females. The incidence has risen dramatically during recent decades. Dismissed as an "unsolved problem of the last century", breast cancer still represents a health burden with no effective solution identified so far. Microgravity (µg) research might be an unusual method to combat the disease, but cancer biologists decided to harness the power of µg as an exceptional method to increase efficacy and precision of future breast cancer therapies. Numerous studies have indicated that µg has a great impact on cancer cells; by influencing proliferation, survival, and migration, it shifts breast cancer cells toward a less aggressive phenotype. In addition, through the de novo generation of tumor spheroids, µg research provides a reliable in vitro 3D tumor model for preclinical cancer drug development and to study various processes of cancer progression. In summary, µg has become an important tool in understanding and influencing breast cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zakaria Nassef
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.Z.N.); (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (R.L.); (M.W.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniela Melnik
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.Z.N.); (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (R.L.); (M.W.); (D.G.)
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.Z.N.); (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (R.L.); (M.W.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.Z.N.); (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (R.L.); (M.W.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Lützenberg
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.Z.N.); (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (R.L.); (M.W.); (D.G.)
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Markus Wehland
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.Z.N.); (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (R.L.); (M.W.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.Z.N.); (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (R.L.); (M.W.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.Z.N.); (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (R.L.); (M.W.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-6757471
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Han D, Sun J, Fan D, Zhang C, Du S, Zhang W. Simvastatin ameliorates oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction by restoring cell-cell junctions and actin cytoskeleton dynamics via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5586-5596. [PMID: 33042440 PMCID: PMC7540106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial barrier dysfunction is a critical pathophysiological process of pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in patients scheduled for cardiopulmonary bypass. Impaired actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell-cell junctions are the main causes of endothelial dysfunction. Statins have protective effects on I/R-induced lung injury; however, the mechanism is unclear. We explored the therapeutic potential of simvastatin (SV) in endothelial cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). SV pretreatment promoted the barrier function of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) subjected to OGD/R. LY294002 was used to evaluate the role of the PI3K/Akt pathway in regulating the barrier function of HPMECs subjected to OGD/R. LY294002 suppressed the barrier function of HPMECs. SV restored the endothelial barrier function by rescuing endothelial cell migration and permeability, which are involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics and intercellular junction expression via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of NanyangNanyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Junjun Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of NanyangNanyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Dikun Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of NanyangNanyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of NanyangNanyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Shoufeng Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of NanyangNanyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Pimm ML, Hotaling J, Henty-Ridilla JL. Profilin choreographs actin and microtubules in cells and cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:155-204. [PMID: 32859370 PMCID: PMC7461721 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Actin and microtubules play essential roles in aberrant cell processes that define and converge in cancer including: signaling, morphology, motility, and division. Actin and microtubules do not directly interact, however shared regulators coordinate these polymers. While many of the individual proteins important for regulating and choreographing actin and microtubule behaviors have been identified, the way these molecules collaborate or fail in normal or disease contexts is not fully understood. Decades of research focus on Profilin as a signaling molecule, lipid-binding protein, and canonical regulator of actin assembly. Recent reports demonstrate that Profilin also regulates microtubule dynamics and polymerization. Thus, Profilin can coordinate both actin and microtubule polymer systems. Here we reconsider the biochemical and cellular roles for Profilin with a focus on the essential cytoskeletal-based cell processes that go awry in cancer. We also explore how the use of model organisms has helped to elucidate mechanisms that underlie the regulatory essence of Profilin in vivo and in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Pimm
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Jessica Hotaling
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Jessica L Henty-Ridilla
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States.
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Abstract
Profilin is a ubiquitously expressed protein well known as a key regulator of actin polymerisation. The actin cytoskeleton is involved in almost all cellular processes including motility, endocytosis, metabolism, signal transduction and gene transcription. Hence, profilin's role in the cell goes beyond its direct and essential function in regulating actin dynamics. This review will focus on the interactions of Profilin 1 and its ligands at the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cells and the regulation of profilin activity within those cell compartments. We will discuss the interactions of profilin in cell signalling pathways and highlight the importance of the cell context in the multiple functions that this small essential protein has in conjunction with its role in cytoskeletal organisation and dynamics. We will review some of the mechanisms that control profilin expression and the implications of changed expression of profilin in the light of cancer biology and other pathologies.
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35
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Gross N, Peñagaricano F, Khatib H. Integration of whole-genome DNA methylation data with RNA sequencing data to identify markers for bull fertility. Anim Genet 2020; 51:502-510. [PMID: 32323873 DOI: 10.1111/age.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Predicting bull fertility prior to breeding is a current challenge for the dairy industry. The use of molecular biomarkers has been previously assessed. However, the integration of this information has not been performed to extract biologically relevant markers. The goal of this study was to integrate DNA methylation data with previously published RNA-sequencing results in order to identify candidate markers for sire fertility. A total of 1765 differentially methylated cytosines were found between high- and low-fertility sires. Ten genes associated with 11 differentially methylated cytosines were found in a previous study of gene expression between high- and low-fertility sires. Additionally, two of these genes code for proteins found exclusively in bull seminal plasma. Collectively, our results reveal 10 genes that could be used in the future as a panel for predicting bull fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gross
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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36
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Cortesi M, Liverani C, Mercatali L, Ibrahim T, Giordano E. Computational models to explore the complexity of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1488. [PMID: 32208556 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex biological process that plays a key role in cancer progression and metastasis formation. Its activation results in epithelial cells losing adhesion and polarity and becoming capable of migrating from their site of origin. At this step the disease is generally considered incurable. As EMT execution involves several individual molecular components, connected by nontrivial relations, in vitro techniques are often inadequate to capture its complexity. Computational models can be used to complement experiments and provide additional knowledge difficult to build up in a wetlab. Indeed in silico analysis gives the user total control on the system, allowing to identify the contribution of each independent element. In the following, two kinds of approaches to the computational study of EMT will be presented. The first relies on signal transduction networks description and details how changes in gene expression could influence this process, both focusing on specific aspects of the EMT and providing a general frame for this phenomenon easily comparable with experimental data. The second integrates single cell and population level descriptions in a multiscale model that can be considered a more accurate representation of the EMT. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be highlighted, together with the importance of coupling computational and experimental results. Finally, the main challenges that need to be addressed to improve our knowledge of the role of EMT in the neoplastic disease and the scientific and translational value of computational models in this respect will be presented. This article is categorized under: Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilisa Cortesi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering "S. Cavalcanti", Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "G. Marconi" (DEI), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering "S. Cavalcanti", Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "G. Marconi" (DEI), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Hilchey SP, Palshikar MG, Emo JA, Li D, Garigen J, Wang J, Mendelson ES, Cipolla V, Thakar J, Zand MS. Cyclosporine a directly affects human and mouse b cell migration in vitro by disrupting a hIF-1 αdependent, o 2 sensing, molecular switch. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:13. [PMID: 32183695 PMCID: PMC7079363 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-0342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a potent molecular signal for cellular metabolism, mitochondrial function, and migration. Conditions of low oxygen tension trigger regulatory cascades mediated via the highly conserved HIF-1 α post-translational modification system. In the adaptive immune response, B cells (Bc) are activated and differentiate under hypoxic conditions within lymph node germinal centers, and subsequently migrate to other compartments. During migration, they traverse through changing oxygen levels, ranging from 1-5% in the lymph node to 5-13% in the peripheral blood. Interestingly, the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A is known to stimulate prolyl hydroxylase activity, resulting in HIF-1 α destabilization and may alter Bc responses directly. Over 60% of patients taking calcineurin immunosuppressant medications have hypo-gammaglobulinemia and poor vaccine responses, putting them at high risk of infection with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. RESULTS We demonstrate that O 2 tension is a previously unrecognized Bc regulatory switch, altering CXCR4 and CXCR5 chemokine receptor signaling in activated Bc through HIF-1 α expression, and controlling critical aspects of Bc migration. Our data demonstrate that calcineurin inhibition hinders this O 2 regulatory switch in primary human Bc. CONCLUSION This previously unrecognized effect of calcineurin inhibition directly on human Bc has significant and direct clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon P Hilchey
- University of Rochester Medical CenterDivision of Nephrology, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, 14642 NY USA
| | - Mukta G Palshikar
- University of RochesterBiophysics, Structural, and Computational Biology Program, 601 Elmwood Ave. - Box 675, Rochester, 14642 NY USA
| | - Jason A Emo
- University of Rochester Medical CenterDivision of Nephrology, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, 14642 NY USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- University of RochesterClinical and Translational Science Institute, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, 14642 NY USA
| | - Jessica Garigen
- University of RochesterClinical and Translational Science Institute, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, 14642 NY USA
| | - Jiong Wang
- University of Rochester Medical CenterDivision of Nephrology, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, 14642 NY USA
| | - Eric S Mendelson
- University of Rochester Medical CenterDivision of Nephrology, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, 14642 NY USA
| | - Valentina Cipolla
- University of Rochester Medical CenterDivision of Nephrology, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, 14642 NY USA
| | - Juilee Thakar
- University of RochesterDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, 601 Elmwood Ave - Box 672, Rochester, 14642 NY USA
- University of RochesterDepartment of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, 14642 NY USA
| | - Martin S Zand
- University of Rochester Medical CenterDivision of Nephrology, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, 14642 NY USA
- University of RochesterClinical and Translational Science Institute, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, 14642 NY USA
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38
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Jin B, Zhang P, Zou H, Ye H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Yang H, Pan J. Verification of EZH2 as a druggable target in metastatic uveal melanoma. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:52. [PMID: 32127003 PMCID: PMC7055080 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic metastasis develops in ~ 50% of uveal melanoma (UM) patients with no effective treatments. Although GNAQ/GNA11 mutations are believed to confer pathogenesis of UM, the underlying mechanism of liver metastasis remains poorly understood. Given that profound epigenetic evolution may occur in the long journey of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to distant organs, we hypothesized that EZH2 endowed tumor cells with enhanced malignant features (e.g., stemness and motility) during hepatic metastasis in UM. We aimed to test this hypothesis and explore whether EZH2 was a therapeutic target for hepatic metastatic UM patients. METHODS Expression of EZH2 in UM was detected by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining. Proliferation, apoptosis, cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) properties, migration and invasion were evaluated under circumstances of treatment with either EZH2 shRNA or EZH2 inhibitor GSK126. Antitumor activity and frequency of CSCs were determined by xenografted and PDX models with NOD/SCID mice. Hepatic metastasis was evaluated with NOG mice. RESULTS We found that EZH2 overexpressed in UM promoted the growth of UM; EZH2 increased the percentage and self-renewal of CSCs by miR-29c-DVL2-β-catenin signaling; EZH2 facilitates migration and invasion of UM cells via RhoGDIγ-Rac1 axis. Targeting EZH2 either by genetics or small molecule inhibitor GSK126 decreased CSCs and motility and abrogated the liver metastasis of UM. CONCLUSIONS These findings validate EZH2 as a druggable target in metastatic UM patients, and may shed light on the understanding and interfering the complicated metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Huasheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Funk J, Merino F, Venkova L, Heydenreich L, Kierfeld J, Vargas P, Raunser S, Piel M, Bieling P. Profilin and formin constitute a pacemaker system for robust actin filament growth. eLife 2019; 8:50963. [PMID: 31647411 PMCID: PMC6867828 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton drives many essential biological processes, from cell morphogenesis to motility. Assembly of functional actin networks requires control over the speed at which actin filaments grow. How this can be achieved at the high and variable levels of soluble actin subunits found in cells is unclear. Here we reconstitute assembly of mammalian, non-muscle actin filaments from physiological concentrations of profilin-actin. We discover that under these conditions, filament growth is limited by profilin dissociating from the filament end and the speed of elongation becomes insensitive to the concentration of soluble subunits. Profilin release can be directly promoted by formin actin polymerases even at saturating profilin-actin concentrations. We demonstrate that mammalian cells indeed operate at the limit to actin filament growth imposed by profilin and formins. Our results reveal how synergy between profilin and formins generates robust filament growth rates that are resilient to changes in the soluble subunit concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Funk
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Felipe Merino
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Kierfeld
- Physics Department, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Peter Bieling
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
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40
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Daverey A, Levytskyy RM, Stanke KM, Viana MP, Swenson S, Hayward SL, Narasimhan M, Khalimonchuk O, Kidambi S. Depletion of mitochondrial protease OMA1 alters proliferative properties and promotes metastatic growth of breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14746. [PMID: 31611601 PMCID: PMC6791882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic competence of cancer cells is influenced by many factors including metabolic alterations and changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and protein homeostasis. While it is generally accepted that mitochondria play important roles in tumorigenesis, the respective molecular events that regulate aberrant cancer cell proliferation remain to be clarified. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the role of mitochondria in cancer progression has potential implications in the development of new therapeutic strategies. We show that low expression of mitochondrial quality control protease OMA1 correlates with poor overall survival in breast cancer patients. Silencing OMA1 in vitro in patient-derived metastatic breast cancer cells isolated from the metastatic pleural effusion and atypical ductal hyperplasia mammary tumor specimens (21MT-1 and 21PT) enhances the formation of filopodia, increases cell proliferation (Ki67 expression), and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, loss of OMA1 results in alterations in the mitochondrial protein homeostasis, as reflected by enhanced expression of canonic mitochondrial unfolded protein response genes. These changes significantly increase migratory properties in metastatic breast cancer cells, indicating that OMA1 plays a critical role in suppressing metastatic competence of breast tumors. Interestingly, these results were not observed in OMA1-depleted non-tumorigenic MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. This newly identified reduced activity/levels of OMA1 provides insights into the mechanisms leading to breast cancer development, promoting malignant progression of cancer cells and unfavorable clinical outcomes, which may represent possible prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Daverey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Roman M Levytskyy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Kimberly M Stanke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | | | - Samantha Swenson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Stephen L Hayward
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Madhusudhanan Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
| | - Srivatsan Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
- Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
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41
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Puleo JI, Parker SS, Roman MR, Watson AW, Eliato KR, Peng L, Saboda K, Roe DJ, Ros R, Gertler FB, Mouneimne G. Mechanosensing during directed cell migration requires dynamic actin polymerization at focal adhesions. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:4215-4235. [PMID: 31594807 PMCID: PMC6891092 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of a cell's microenvironment influence many aspects of cellular behavior, including cell migration. Durotaxis, the migration toward increasing matrix stiffness, has been implicated in processes ranging from development to cancer. During durotaxis, mechanical stimulation by matrix rigidity leads to directed migration. Studies suggest that cells sense mechanical stimuli, or mechanosense, through the acto-myosin cytoskeleton at focal adhesions (FAs); however, FA actin cytoskeletal remodeling and its role in mechanosensing are not fully understood. Here, we show that the Ena/VASP family member, Ena/VASP-like (EVL), polymerizes actin at FAs, which promotes cell-matrix adhesion and mechanosensing. Importantly, we show that EVL regulates mechanically directed motility, and that suppression of EVL expression impedes 3D durotactic invasion. We propose a model in which EVL-mediated actin polymerization at FAs promotes mechanosensing and durotaxis by maturing, and thus reinforcing, FAs. These findings establish dynamic FA actin polymerization as a central aspect of mechanosensing and identify EVL as a crucial regulator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieann I Puleo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Sara S Parker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Mackenzie R Roman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Adam W Watson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Kiarash Rahmani Eliato
- Department of Physics, Center for Biological Physics, and Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Leilei Peng
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Kathylynn Saboda
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Denise J Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Robert Ros
- Department of Physics, Center for Biological Physics, and Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Frank B Gertler
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ghassan Mouneimne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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42
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Memarzadeh K, Savage DJ, Bean AJ. Low UBE4B expression increases sensitivity of chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells to EGFR and STAT5 inhibition. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:1416-1429. [PMID: 31475882 PMCID: PMC6804809 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1647049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common malignancy in infants. Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in neuroblastoma tumors underlies resistance to chemotherapeutics. UBE4B, an E3/E4 ubiquitin ligase involved in EGFR degradation, is located on chromosome 1p36, a region in which loss of heterozygosity is observed in approximately one-third of neuroblastoma tumors and is correlated with poor prognosis. In chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells, depletion of UBE4B yielded significantly reduced cell proliferation and migration, and enhanced apoptosis in response to EGFR inhibitor, Cetuximab. We have previously shown that UBE4B levels are inversely correlated with EGFR levels in neuroblastoma tumors. We searched for additional targets of UBE4B that mediate cellular alterations associated with tumorogenesis in chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells depleted of UBE4B using reverse phase protein arrays. The expression of STAT5a, an effector protein downstream of EGFR, doubled in the absence of UBE4B, and verified by quantitative immunoblotting. Chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells were treated with SH-4-54, a STAT5 inhibitor, and observed insignificant effects on cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. However, SH-4-54 significantly enhanced the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of Cetuximab in naïve SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells. Interestingly, in UBE4B depleted SK-N-AS cells, SH-4-54 significantly potentiated the effect of Cetuximab rendering cells increasingly sensitive an otherwise minimally effective Cetuximab concentration. Thus, neuroblastoma cells with low UBE4B levels were significantly more sensitive to combined EGFR and STAT5 inhibition than parental cells. These findings may have potential therapeutic implications for patients with 1p36 chromosome LOH and low tumor UBE4B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiya Memarzadeh
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David J. Savage
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J. Bean
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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43
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Wang WJ, Guo CA, Li R, Xu ZP, Yu JP, Ye Y, Zhao J, Wang J, Wang WA, Zhang A, Li HT, Wang C, Liu HB. Long non-coding RNA CASC19 is associated with the progression and prognosis of advanced gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5829-5847. [PMID: 31422382 PMCID: PMC6710062 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that aberrantly expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the development and progression of advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Using RNA sequencing data and clinical information obtained from The Cancer Gene Atlas, we combined differential lncRNA expression profiling and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify key lncRNAs associated with AGC progression and prognosis. Cancer susceptibility 19 (CASC19) was the top hub lncRNA among the lncRNAs included in the gene module most significantly correlated with AGC’s pathological variables. CASC19 was upregulated in AGC clinical samples and was significantly associated with higher pathologic TNM stage, pathologic T stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor overall survival. Multivariable Cox analysis confirmed that CASC19 overexpression is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR assay confirmed that CASC19 expression in four human gastric cancer cells (AGS, BGC-823, MGC-803, and HGC-27) was significantly upregulated compared with human normal gastric mucosal epithelial cell line (GES-1). Functionally, CASC19 knockdown inhibited GC cell proliferation and migration in vitro. These findings suggest that CASC19 may be a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for AGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Chang-An Guo
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China.,Department of Emergency, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Peng Xu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Jian-Ping Yu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China.,Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Wen-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China.,Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China.,Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, P.R. China
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44
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Jiang C, Ding Z, Joy M, Chakraborty S, Kim SH, Bottcher R, Condeelis J, Singh S, Roy P. A balanced level of profilin-1 promotes stemness and tumor-initiating potential of breast cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2019; 16:2366-2373. [PMID: 28699810 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1346759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Profilin-1 (Pfn1) is an important actin-regulatory protein that is downregulated in human breast cancer and when forcibly elevated, it suppresses the tumor-initiating ability of triple-negative breast cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrate that Pfn1 overexpression reduces the stem-like phenotype (a key biologic feature associated with higher tumor-initiating potential) of MDA-MB-231 (MDA-231) triple-negative breast cancer cells. Interestingly, the stem-like trait of MDA-231 cells is also attenuated upon depletion of Pfn1. A comparison of cancer stem cell gene (CSC) gene expression signatures between depleted and elevated conditions of Pfn1 further suggest that Pfn1 may be somehow involved in regulating the expression of a few CSC-related genes including MUC1, STAT3, FZD7, and ITGB1. Consistent with the reduced stem-like phenotype associated with loss-of-function of Pfn1, xenograft studies showed lower tumor-initiating frequency of Pfn1-depleted MDA-231 cells compared to their control counterparts. In MMTV:PyMT mouse model, homozygous but not heterozygous deletion of Pfn1 gene leads to severe genetic mosaicism and positive selection of Pfn1-proficient tumor cells further supporting the contention that a complete lack of Pfn1 is likely not conducive for efficient tumor initiation capability of breast cancer cells. In summary, these findings suggest that the maintenance of optimal stemness and tumor-initiating ability of breast cancer cells requires a balanced expression of Pfn1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jiang
- a Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Zhijie Ding
- a Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Marion Joy
- a Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | | | - Su Hyeong Kim
- b University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , PA , USA
| | - Ralph Bottcher
- c Department of Molecular Medicine , Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Martinsried , Germany
| | - John Condeelis
- d Anatomy and Structural Biology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | | | - Partha Roy
- a Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,e Cell Biology , University of Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,f Pathology , University of Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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45
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Yu S, Huang S, Ding Y, Wang W, Wang A, Lu Y. Transient receptor potential ion-channel subfamily V member 4: a potential target for cancer treatment. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:497. [PMID: 31235786 PMCID: PMC6591233 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ion-channel superfamily consists of nonselective cation channels located mostly on the plasma membranes of numerous animal cell types, which are closely related to sensory information transmission (e.g., vision, pain, and temperature perception), as well as regulation of intracellular Ca2+ balance and physiological activities of growth and development. Transient receptor potential ion channel subfamily V (TRPV) is one of the largest and most diverse subfamilies, including TRPV1-TRPV6 involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions. TRPV4 can be activated by various physical and chemical stimuli, such as heat, mechanical force, and phorbol ester derivatives participating in the maintenance of normal cellular functions. In recent years, the roles of TRPV4 in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration have been extensively studied. Its abnormal expression has also been closely related to the onset and progression of multiple tumors, so TRPV4 may be a target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focused on the latest studies concerning the role of TRPV4 in tumorigenesis and the therapeutic potential. As evidenced by the effects on cancerogenesis, TRPV4 is a potential target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yushi Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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46
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Truong DD, Kratz A, Park JG, Barrientos ES, Saini H, Nguyen T, Pockaj B, Mouneimne G, LaBaer J, Nikkhah M. A Human Organotypic Microfluidic Tumor Model Permits Investigation of the Interplay between Patient-Derived Fibroblasts and Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3139-3151. [PMID: 30992322 PMCID: PMC6664809 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-stroma interactions significantly influence cancer cell metastasis and disease progression. These interactions are partly comprised of the cross-talk between tumor and stromal fibroblasts, but the key molecular mechanisms within the cross-talk that govern cancer invasion are still unclear. Here, we adapted our previously developed microfluidic device as a 3D in vitro organotypic model to mechanistically study tumor-stroma interactions by mimicking the spatial organization of the tumor microenvironment on a chip. We cocultured breast cancer and patient-derived fibroblast cells in 3D tumor and stroma regions, respectively, and combined functional assessments, including cancer cell migration, with transcriptome profiling to unveil the molecular influence of tumor-stroma cross-talk on invasion. This led to the observation that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) enhanced invasion in 3D by inducing expression of a novel gene of interest, glycoprotein nonmetastatic B (GPNMB), in breast cancer cells, resulting in increased migration speed. Importantly, knockdown of GPNMB blunted the influence of CAF on enhanced cancer invasion. Overall, these results demonstrate the ability of our model to recapitulate patient-specific tumor microenvironments to investigate the cellular and molecular consequences of tumor-stroma interactions. SIGNIFICANCE: An organotypic model of tumor-stroma interactions on a microfluidic chip reveals that CAFs promote invasion by enhancing expression of GPNMB in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danh D Truong
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Alexander Kratz
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Jin G Park
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Eric S Barrientos
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Harpinder Saini
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Toan Nguyen
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | | | | | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
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47
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Connor Y, Tekleab Y, Tekleab S, Nandakumar S, Bharat D, Sengupta S. A mathematical model of tumor-endothelial interactions in a 3D co-culture. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8429. [PMID: 31182723 PMCID: PMC6557844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravasation and extravasation of cancer cells through blood/lymph vessel endothelium are essential steps during metastasis. Successful invasion requires coordinated tumor-endothelial crosstalk, utilizing mechanochemical signaling to direct cytoskeletal rearrangement for transmigration of cancer cells. However, mechanisms underlying physical interactions are difficult to observe due to the lack of experimental models easily combined with theoretical models that better elucidate these pathways. We have previously demonstrated that an engineered 3D in vitro endothelial-epithelial co-culture system can be used to isolate both molecular and physical tumor-endothelial interactions in a platform that is easily modeled, quantified, and probed for experimental investigation. Using this platform with mathematical modeling, we show that breast metastatic cells display unique behavior with the endothelium, exhibiting a 3.2-fold increase in interaction with the endothelium and a 61-fold increase in elongation compared to normal breast epithelial cells. Our mathematical model suggests energetic favorability for cellular deformation prior to breeching endothelial junctions, expending less energy as compared to undeformed cells, which is consistent with the observed phenotype. Finally, we show experimentally that pharmacological inhibition of the cytoskeleton can disrupt the elongatation and alignment of metastatic cells with endothelial tubes, reverting to a less invasive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamicia Connor
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Health Sciences & Technology, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yonatan Tekleab
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sarah Tekleab
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shyama Nandakumar
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Divya Bharat
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Health Sciences & Technology, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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48
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Zhou K, Chen J, Wu J, Xu Y, Wu Q, Yue J, Song Y, Li S, Zhou P, Tu W, Yang G, Jiang S. Profilin 2 Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Head and Neck Cancer Cells by Regulating PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Oncol Res 2019; 27:1079-1088. [PMID: 31122311 PMCID: PMC7848265 DOI: 10.3727/096504019x15579146061957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilin 2 (PFN2) was found to be mainly expressed in neurons and involved in the development of the brain. In recent years, emerging evidence indicated that PFN2 is also significantly upregulated in various cancers including head and neck cancer (HNSC) and influences cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, the role of PFN2 in HNSC development and progression remains unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of PFN2 in the development of HNSC and its possible molecular mechanisms. Bioinformatics showed that increased expression of PFN2 in tumors correlated highly with poor prognosis of HNSC patients. Our results indicated that PFN2 was highly expressed in HNSC tissues and in HNSC cell lines. Knockdown of PFN2 inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration of HNSC cells, while PFN2 overexpression produced the opposite effects. Using a nude mouse xenograft model, we substantiated the tumor-promoting effect of PFN2 on HNSC in vivo. Furthermore, we found that PFN2 downregulation reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β and reduced the expression of β-catenin in HNSC cells. The opposite was observed when PFN2 was overexpressed. Collectively, these results suggest that PFN2 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of HNSC by activating the PI3K/Akt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Although further validation is needed, we speculate that PFN2 plays a crucial role in HNSC and may be a promising therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Zhou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yangxinzi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Qiaoyun Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Yue
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yu Song
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Shengcun Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhan Tu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Songhe Jiang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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49
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Gau D, Veon W, Shroff SG, Roy P. The VASP-profilin1 (Pfn1) interaction is critical for efficient cell migration and is regulated by cell-substrate adhesion in a PKA-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6972-6985. [PMID: 30814249 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is an essential feature of cell motility. Action of Enabled (Ena)/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), a family of conserved actin-elongating proteins, is an important aspect of regulation of the actin cytoskeletal architecture at the leading edge that controls membrane protrusion and cell motility. In this study, we performed mutagenesis experiments in overexpression and knockdown-rescue settings to provide, for the first time, direct evidence of the role of the actin-binding protein profilin1 (Pfn1) in VASP-mediated regulation of cell motility. We found that VASP's interaction with Pfn1 is promoted by cell-substrate adhesion and requires down-regulation of PKA activity. Our experimental data further suggest that PKA-mediated Ser137 phosphorylation of Pfn1 potentially negatively regulates the Pfn1-VASP interaction. Finally, Pfn1's ability to be phosphorylated on Ser137 was partly responsible for the anti-migratory action elicited by exposing cells to a cAMP/PKA agonist. On the basis of these findings, we propose a mechanism of adhesion-protrusion coupling in cell motility that involves dynamic regulation of Pfn1 by PKA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gau
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh and
| | - William Veon
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh and
| | - Sanjeev G Shroff
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh and
| | - Partha Roy
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh and .,the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
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50
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Cheng HW, Hsiao CT, Chen YQ, Huang CM, Chan SI, Chiou A, Kuo JC. Centrosome guides spatial activation of Rac to control cell polarization and directed cell migration. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/1/e201800135. [PMID: 30737247 PMCID: PMC6369537 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome acts as a controller by balancing the formation of centrosomal and acentrosomal microtubules, the modulation of focal adhesion signaling and the activation of local Rac1 at the cell front, which then coordinates cell polarization during directed cell migration. Directed cell migration requires centrosome-mediated cell polarization and dynamical control of focal adhesions (FAs). To examine how FAs cooperate with centrosomes for directed cell migration, we used centrosome-deficient cells and found that loss of centrosomes enhanced the formation of acentrosomal microtubules, which failed to form polarized structures in wound-edge cells. In acentrosomal cells, we detected higher levels of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor TRIO (Triple Functional Domain Protein) on microtubules and FAs. Acentrosomal microtubules deliver TRIO to FAs for Rac1 regulation. Indeed, centrosome disruption induced excessive Rac1 activation around the cell periphery via TRIO, causing rapid FA turnover, a disorganized actin meshwork, randomly protruding lamellipodia, and loss of cell polarity. This study reveals the importance of centrosomes to balance the assembly of centrosomal and acentrosomal microtubules and to deliver microtubule-associated TRIO proteins to FAs at the cell front for proper spatial activation of Rac1, FA turnover, lamillipodial protrusion, and cell polarization, thereby allowing directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Te Hsiao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Quan Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Seng-I Chan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan .,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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