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Wang Q, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Jiang W, Bai W. Aza-metallacycles with a heptavalent Re (d 0) center. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12872-12875. [PMID: 39051780 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt02082k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The oxidation state of the metal center is important for a conjugated metallacycle. Although high valent d0-metallacycles of main groups and early transition metals have been reported, such examples of late transition metals are limited. The reactions of ReOCl3(PPh3)2 with 2-ethynyl anilines produced alkenyl amino Re(V) complexes, which can be further oxidized to Re(VII) aza-metallacycles. The conjugated rhenacycle is nonaromatic, however, with close to zero NICS values and localized currents observed by AICD and GIMIC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhang Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Yarong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, P.R. China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, P.R. China.
| | - Wenfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Wei Bai
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
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2
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Huang D, Liu W, Zheng Y, Feng R, Chai Z, Wei J, Zhang WX. Nonplanar Aromaticity of Dinuclear Rare-Earth Metallacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15609-15618. [PMID: 38776637 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
While the concept of metalla-aromaticity has well been extended to transition organometallic compounds in diverse geometries, aromatic rare-earth organometallic complexes are rare due to the special (n - 1)d0 configuration and high-lying (n - 1)d orbitals of rare-earth centers. In particular, nonplanar cases of rare-earth complexes have not been reported so far. Here, we disclose the nonplanar aromaticity of dinuclear scandium and samarium metallacycles characterized by various aromaticity indices (nucleus-independent chemical shift, isochemical shielding surface, anisotropy of induced current density, and isomerization stabilization energy). Bonding analyses (Kohn-Sham molecular orbital, adaptive natural density partitioning, multicenter bond indices, and principal interacting orbital) reveal that three delocalized π orbitals, predominantly contributed by the 2-butene tetraanion ligand, result in the formation of six-electron conjugated systems. Guided by these findings, we predicted that the lutetium and gadolinium analogues of dinuclear rare-earth metallacycles should be aromatic, which have been verified by the successful synthesis of real molecules. This work extends the concept of nonplanar aromaticity to the field of rare-earth metallacycles and illuminates the path for designing and synthesizing various rare-earth metalla-aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Xu B, Mao W, Lu Z, Cai Y, Chen D, Xia H. Syntheses and reactivities of strained fused-ring metallaaromatics containing planar eleven-carbon chains. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4378. [PMID: 38782900 PMCID: PMC11116401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbolong complexes are one of the primary types of metallaaromatics, and they include metallapentalynes and metallapentalenes. A series of 7C-10C and 12C-carbolong complexes with planar ligand skeletons respectively containing 7-10 and 12 carbon atoms in their backbones, have been previously reported. Herein, two classes of strained substances, metallabenzyne-fused metallapentalenes and metallabenzene-fused metallapentalynes, were prepared, both representing 11C-carbolong complexes with a planar carbon-chain ligand. Furthermore, the former type is also the carbolong derivatives containing a metallabenzyne skeleton, another primary metallaaromatic framework. Metallabenzyne-fused metallapentalenes show versatile reactivities, and the most interesting one is the metal carbyne bond shift from a 6-membered to a more strained 5-membered ring, affording the above-mentioned metallabenzene-fused metallapentalyne. This work makes carbolong chemistry more complete, and provides a method to achieve metallabenzynes, which is anticipated to concurrently advance the development of these two types of metallaaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanting Cai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Southern University of Science and Technology Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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Ruan K, Lu Z, Rao R, Liu JJ, Chen D, Xia H. Craig-Hückel Hybrid Aromatic Metalla-dehydro[11]annulenes Constructed by a Formal [10+1] Cycloaddition Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316885. [PMID: 38135661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic metalla-annulenes are important aromatic compounds, research into which has been mainly concentrated on metal-benzenes and their lower homologues. Reports on their superior homologs are rare, and this has greatly limited the systematic study of their properties. In this work, a series of osma-dehydro[11]annulenes with good air and thermal stability were prepared in high yields through a simple [10+1] strategy, by incorporating a metal fragment into conjugated ten-carbon chains in a one-pot reaction. They are the first monometallic aromatic metalla-[n]annulenes with the ring size larger than 6, and their Craig-Hückel hybrid aromaticity is supported by various physical and computational parameters. Besides, these complexes show versatile reactivities, not only giving further evidence for their aromaticity, but also demonstrating their physical and chemical properties can easily be regulated. This work enriches the metalla-aromatic chemistry, and provides a new avenue for the synthesis of large metalla-annulenes with different ring sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ren Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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5
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Miwa K, Yokota T, Wang Q, Sakurai T, Fliegl H, Sundholm D, Shinokubo H. Metallaantiaromaticity of 10-Platinacorrole Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1396-1402. [PMID: 38172072 PMCID: PMC10882971 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The aromaticity of cyclic π-conjugated organometallic compounds is known as metallaaromaticity. π-Conjugated metallacycles, such as metallabenzenes and metallapentalenes, have been investigated in order to understand the involvement of the d electrons from the metal center in the π-conjugated systems of the organic ligands. Here, we report the synthesis of Pd(II) 10-platinacorrole complexes with cyclooctadiene (COD) and norbornadiene (NBD) ligands. While the Pd(II) 10-platinacorrole COD complex adopts a distorted structure without showing appreciable antiaromaticity, the corresponding NBD complex exhibits a distinct antiaromatic character due to its highly planar conformation. Detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that two d orbitals are involved in macrocyclic π-conjugation. We furthermore demonstrated that Craig-Möbius antiaromaticity is not present in the studied system. The synthesis of 10-platinacorroles enables a systematic comparison of the antiaromaticity and aromaticity of closely related porphyrin analogues, providing a better understanding of π-conjugation that involves d orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miwa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603 Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yokota
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603 Aichi, Japan
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Takahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603 Aichi, Japan
| | - Heike Fliegl
- FIZ Karlsruhe─Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603 Aichi, Japan
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6
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Yang XF, Zhang MX, Liu SH, Hartl F. Metallaaromatic Complexes as Candidates for Future Molecular Materials and Electronic Devices: Recent Advancements. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300860. [PMID: 37997007 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of organometallic chemistry has made a great progress and diverse types of metallaaromatics have successively been reported. In those studies, incorporation of ligated osmium centers into metallaaromatic systems played a prominent role. The reviewed literature documents that certain metallaaromatics with unconventional photophysical properties, redox and electronic transport properties and magnetism, have potential to be widely used in diverse practical applications, with selected examples of amino acid and fluoride anion identification, photothermal effects, functional materials, photodynamic therapy (PDT) in biomedicine, single-molecule junction conductors, and electron-transport layer materials (ETLs) in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, United Kingdom
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7
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Hua Y, Luo M, Lu Z, Zhang H, Chen D, Xia H. Experimental and theoretical evidences for the formation of transition metal complexes with five coplanar metal-carbon σ bonds. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad325. [PMID: 38226366 PMCID: PMC10789241 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The σ bond is an important concept in chemistry, and the metal-carbon (M-C) σ bond in particular is a central feature in organometallic chemistry. Synthesis of stable complexes with five coplanar M-C σ bonds is challenging. Here, we describe the synthesis of two different types of stable complexes with five coplanar M-C σ bonds, and examine the stability of such complexes which use rigid conjugated carbon chains to chelate with the metal center. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the M-C σ bonds in these complexes have primarily a covalent character. Besides the σ nature, there are also a π conjugation component among the metal center and carbons, which causes delocalization. This work expanded the coplanar M-C σ bonds to five.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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8
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Rao J, Dong S, Yang C, Liu Q, Leng X, Wang D, Zhu J, Deng L. A Triplet Iron Carbyne Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25766-25775. [PMID: 37971755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the spin state of metal carbynes, which have broad applications in organic synthesis and material science, presents a formidable challenge for modern chemists as the strong field nature of carbyne ligands dictates low-spin ground spin states (S = 0 or 1/2) for known metal carbynes. Through the oxidative addition reaction of a low-coordinate iron(0) N-heterocyclic carbene complex with the C-S bond of a thioazole-2-ylidene, we synthesized the first triplet (S = 1) metal terminal carbyne, an iron cyclic carbyne complex. Different from the classical metal carbynes, the triplet complex features an LXZ-type carbyne ligand and a weak Fe≡C triple bond, which endow it with the unique reactivity pattern of facile carbyne coupling, weak affinity toward nucleophiles, and facial addition reactions with electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chengbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Zhu Q, Chen S, Chen D, Lin L, Xiao K, Zhao L, Solà M, Zhu J. The application of aromaticity and antiaromaticity to reaction mechanisms. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:926-938. [PMID: 38933008 PMCID: PMC11197727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aromaticity, in general, can promote a given reaction by stabilizing a transition state or a product via a mobility of π electrons in a cyclic structure. Similarly, such a promotion could be also achieved by destabilizing an antiaromatic reactant. However, both aromaticity and transition states cannot be directly measured in experiment. Thus, computational chemistry has been becoming a key tool to understand the aromaticity-driven reaction mechanisms. In this review, we will analyze the relationship between aromaticity and reaction mechanism to highlight the importance of density functional theory calculations and present it according to an approach via either aromatizing a transition state/product or destabilizing a reactant by antiaromaticity. Specifically, we will start with a particularly challenging example of dinitrogen activation followed by other small-molecule activation, C-F bond activation, rearrangement, as well as metathesis reactions. In addition, antiaromaticity-promoted dihydrogen activation, CO2 capture, and oxygen reduction reactions will be also briefly discussed. Finally, caution must be cast as the magnitude of the aromaticity in the transition states is not particularly high in most cases. Thus, a proof of an adequate electron delocalization rather than a complete ring current is recommended to support the relatively weak aromaticity in these transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), SICAM, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
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10
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Esteruelas MA, Leon F, Moreno-Blázquez S, Oliván M, Oñate E. Preparation, Aromaticity, and Bromination of Spiro Iridafurans. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16810-16824. [PMID: 37782299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Iridium centers of [Ir(μ-Cl)(C8H14)2]2 (1) activate the Cβ(sp2)-H bond of benzylideneacetone to give [Ir(μ-Cl){κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2]2 (2), which is the starting point for the preparation of the spiro iridafurans IrCl{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2(PiPr3) (3), [Ir{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2(MeCN)2]BF4 (4), [Ir(μ-OH){κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2]2 (5), Ir{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2{κ2-C,N-[C6MeH3-py]} (6), and Ir{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2{κ2-O,O-[acac]} (7). The five-membered rings are orthogonally arranged with the oxygen atoms in trans in an octahedral environment of the iridium atom. Spiro iridafurans are aromatic. The degree of aromaticity and the negative charge of the CH-carbon of the rings depend on ligand trans to the carbon directly attached to the metal. Aromaticity has been experimentally confirmed by bromination of iridafurans with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). Reactions are sensitive to the degree of aromaticity of the ring and the negative charge of the attacked CH-carbon. Iridafurans can be selectively brominated, when different ligands lie trans to metalated carbons. Bromination of 3 occurs in the ring with the metalated carbon trans to chloride, whereas the bromination of 6 takes place in the ring with the metalated carbon trans to pyridyl. The first gives IrCl{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CBrC(Me)O]}{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}(PiPr3) (8), which reacts with more NBS to form IrCl{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CBrC(Me)O]}2(PiPr3) (9). The second yields Ir{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CBrC(Me)O]}{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}{κ2-C,N-[C6MeH3-py]} (10). The origin of the selectivity is kinetic, with the rate-determining step of the reaction being the NBS attack. The activation energy depends on the negative charge of the attacked atom; a higher negative charge allows for a lower activation energy. Accordingly, complex 7 undergoes bromination in the acetylacetonate ligand, giving Ir{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}2{κ2-O,O-[acacBr]} (11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Félix Leon
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno-Blázquez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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11
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Iwamoto T, Suzuki M, Hasegawa H, Abeta H, Matsuo Y, Tanaka T, Yasuda N, Ishii Y. One-pot Syntheses of Benzo- and Benzofuran-fused Iridaoxabenzenes via CH Bond Activations of Alkyl-bridged Diphenol Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300640. [PMID: 37610036 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
One-pot syntheses of new π-extended metallaaromatic compounds have been developed by utilizing Ir-mediated CH bond activation of ethylene- or ethylidene-bridged diphenol derivatives. Depending on the bridging alkyl groups, two types of iridaoxabenzenes, both of which are doubly fused with benzo and benzofuran units, have been obtained. Studies on their structures and electronic characters indicate that both complexes have an aromatic character on the iridaoxacycles, and their π-conjugated systems are fully delocalized over the whole molecular skeletons. These novel metallaaromatic complexes exhibited some reactivities which are distinct from those reported for the non-fused metallaaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Mika Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hibiki Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hinako Abeta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Youichi Ishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
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12
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Liu HC, Ruan K, Ma K, Fei J, Lin YM, Xia H. Synthesis of metalla-dual-azulenes with fluoride ion recognition properties. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5583. [PMID: 37696902 PMCID: PMC10495402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Azulene-based conjugated systems are of great interests due to their unusual structures and photophysical properties. Incorporation of a transition metal into azulene skeleton presents an intriguing opportunity to combine the dπ-pπ and pπ-pπ conjugated properties. No such metallaazulene skeleton however has been reported to date. Here, we describe our development of an efficient [5 + 2] annulation reaction to rapid construction of a unique metal-containing [5-5-7] scaffold, termed metalla-dual-azulene (MDA), which includes a metallaazulene and a metal-free organic azulene intertwined by sharing the tropylium motif. The two azulene motifs in MDA exhibit distinct reactivities. The azulene motif readily undergoes nucleophilic addition, leading to N-, O- and S-substituted cycloheptanetrienyl species. Demetalation of the metallaazulene moiety occurs when it reacts with nBu4NF, which enables highly selective recognition of fluoride anion and a noticeable color change. The practical [5 + 2] annulation methodology, facile functional-group modification, high and selective fluoride detection make this new π-conjugated polycyclic system very suitable for potential applications in photoelectric and sensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kaidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kexin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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13
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Li Q, Fei J, Ruan K, Hua Y, Chen D, Luo M, Xia H. Reshaping aromatic frameworks: expansion of aromatic system drives metallabenzenoids to metallapentalenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5672-5680. [PMID: 37265719 PMCID: PMC10231429 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01491f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reshaping an aromatic framework to generate other skeletons is a challenging issue due to the stabilization energy of aromaticity. Such reconfigurations of aromatics commonly generate non-aromatic products and hardly ever reshape to a different aromatic framework. Herein, we present the transformation of metallaindenols to metallapentalenes and metallaindenes in divergent pathways, converting one aromatic framework to another with an extension of the conjugation framework. The mechanistic study of this transformation shows that phosphorus ligands play different roles in the divergent processes. Further theoretical studies indicate that the expansion of the aromatic system is the driving force promoting this skeletal rearrangement. Our findings offer a new concept and strategy to reshape and construct aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Kaidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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14
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Li Q, Hua Y, Tang C, Chen D, Luo M, Xia H. Isolation, Reactivity, and Tunable Properties of a Strained Antiaromatic Osmacycle. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7580-7591. [PMID: 36952602 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Strain and antiaromaticity in compounds are recognized as two substantial destabilizing features, and consequently, realization of dual destabilizing features in a single molecule is challenging and far more difficult in a single ring. Moreover, transformation of an antiaromatic framework to different antiaromatic or aromatic species is a significant subject in antiaromatic chemistry and has attracted increasing interest. In this work, we isolated a highly strained antiaromatic metallacycle in which a cyclic metal vinylidene unit is embedded. Computational studies revealed its ring strain energies and antiaromatic character and showed that the metal incorporation and the phosphonium substituents play a crucial role in its stabilization. The mechanism of its formation has been illustrated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the isolation of a key intermediate. We further discovered diverse reactivities and structural reshuffling of this unusual strained antiaromatic complex according to its two destabilizing characters. We obtained two isomers of metallaindenes fused with oxiranes from the direct oxidation of the metal vinylidene or by nucleophilic addition to an isolated metallacyclocumulene formed by the reaction of metal vinylidene with hydroxide ion, achieving a reconfiguration of the antiaromatic framework. Transformations of the antiaromatic metallacycle by electrophiles to various aromatic metallaindynes have been achieved, and that a condensed Fukui function was employed to confirm the regioselectivity of the electrophilic additions, and the acid/base-induced aromaticity switch along with tunable photophysical properties were investigated. These interesting transformations not only enrich the chemistry of metal vinylidenes and antiaromatics and could also perform potentially as switchable optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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15
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Chu Z, Li J, Hua Y, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. Hetero-carbolong chemistry: experimental and theoretical studies of diaza-metallapentalenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4173-4176. [PMID: 36939834 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00029j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Four diaza-osmapentalenes were prepared by two-step reactions, through the treatment of an alkyne-coordinated osmium complex with azo compounds, followed by the addition of AgSbF6/CO. Their aromaticity was confirmed by crystal parameters, NMR spectra and theoretical calculations. These complexes are the first diaza-metallapentalenes representing a new class of metallaaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Chu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Buil M, Esteruelas MA, Oñate E, Picazo NR. Osmathiazole Ring: Extrapolation of an Aromatic Purely Organic System to Organometallic Chemistry. Organometallics 2023; 42:327-338. [PMID: 38601006 PMCID: PMC11005464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
An osmathiazole skeleton has been generated starting from the cation of the salt [OsH(OH)(≡CPh)(IPr)(PiPr3)]OTf (1; IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolylidene; OTf = CF3SO3) and thioacetamide; its aromaticity degree was compared with that of thiazole, and its aromatic reactivity was confirmed through a reaction with phenylacetylene. Salt 1 reacts with the thioamide to initially afford the synthetic intermediate [OsH{κ2-N,S-[NHC(CH3)S]}(≡CPh)(IPr)(PiPr3)]OTf (2). Thioamidate and alkylidyne ligands of 2 couple in acetonitrile at 70 °C, forming a 1:1 mixture of the salts [OsH{κ2-C,S-[C(Ph)NHC(CH3)S]}(CH3CN)(IPr)(PiPr3)]OTf (3) and [Os{κ2-C,S-[CH(Ph)NHC(CH3)S]}(CH3CN)3(IPr)]OTf (4). Treatment of 3 with potassium tert-butoxide produces the NH-deprotonation of its five-membered ring and gives OsH{κ2-C,S-[C(Ph)NC(CH3)S]}(IPr)(PiPr3) (5). The osmathiazole ring of 5 is slightly less aromatic than the osmathiazolium cycle of 3 and the purely organic thiazole. However, it is more aromatic than related osmaoxazoles and osmaoxazoliums. There are significant differences in behavior between 3 and 5 toward phenylacetylene. In acetonitrile, the cation of 3 loses the phosphine and adds the alkyne to afford [Os{η3-C3,κ1-S-[CH2C(Ph)C(Ph)NHC(CH3)S]}(CH3CN)2(IPr)]OTf (6), bearing a functionalized allyl ligand. In contrast, the osmathiazole ring of 5 undergoes a vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydride, by acetylide, via the dihydride OsH2(C≡CPh){κ2-C,S-[C(Ph)NC(CH3)S]}(IPr)(PiPr3) (7), which releases H2 to yield Os(C≡CPh){κ2-C,S-[C(Ph)NC(CH3)S]}(IPr)(PiPr3) (8).
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Affiliation(s)
- María
L. Buil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nieves R. Picazo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Luo M, Chen D, Li Q, Xia H. Unique Properties and Emerging Applications of Carbolong Metallaaromatics. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:924-937. [PMID: 36718118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusAromatic compounds are important in synthetic chemistry, biomedicines, and materials science. As a special type of aromatic complex, transition-metal-based metallaaromatics contain at least one transition metal in an aromatic framework. The chemistry of metallaaromatics has seen much progress in computational studies and synthetic methods, but their properties and applications are still emerging. In recent years, we have disclosed a series of metal-centered conjugated polycyclic metallacycles in which a carbon chain is chelated to a metal center through at least three metal-carbon bonds. These are termed carbolong complexes and exhibit good stability to water, oxygen, light, and heat on account of their polydentate chelation and aromaticity, making them easy to handle. Carbolong complexes are not only special π-conjugated aromatics but also organometallics; therefore, they have the properties of both species. In this Account, we showcase the recent advances in their applications based on their different properties.First, carbolong complexes are a special kind of π-conjugated aromatic, with the ability to transmit electrons, allowing them to function as single-molecule conductors and candidates for electron transporting layer materials (ETLs) in solar cells. A series of carbolong complexes have been proved to be useful as achievable ETLs which enhance device performance in both organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells.Second, due to the involvement of d orbitals in the conjugation, carbolong complexes normally exhibit strong and broad absorption, even in some cases extending to the near-infrared region (NIR). The absorbed optical energy can be converted into light, heat, and ultrasound; consequently, carbolong compounds can be used as core moieties in smart materials. For example, 7C carbolong complexes were found to exhibit aggregation-enhanced near-infrared emission (AIEE). Some 12C carbolong complexes have been designed into the core moieties of NIR-responsive polymers, such as cylindrical NIR-responsive materials, self-healing materials, and shape memory materials. In contrast to the stereotypically toxic osmium compounds such as the highly toxic OsO4, some osmium carbolong complexes exhibit low cell cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility; consequently, they also have potential applications in the biomedical area. For example, benefiting from broad absorption in the NIR, 9C and 12C carbolong complexes have been used in photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, respectively. In addition, photodynamic therapeutic applications which take advantage of a carbolong peroxo complex are discussed.Third, as special transition-metal complexes chelated by carbon-based ligands, a carbolong peroxo complex has displayed catalytic activity in the dehydrogenation of alcohols and a bimetallic carbolong complex has been used to catalyze difunctionalization reactions of unactivated alkenes.Overall, aromatic carbolong complexes have been applied to photovoltaics, smart materials, phototherapy, and catalytic reactions. Moving forward, we hope that this Account will shed light on future studies and theoretical research and encourage more discoveries of the properties of other metallaaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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18
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Fei Yang X, Zhang MX, Bin Fu D, Wang Y, Yin J, Hua Liu S. Pentacyclic and Hexacyclic Osmaarynes and Their Derivatives. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202334. [PMID: 36198664 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although osmabenzyne, osmanaphthalyne, osmaphenanthryne, and osmaanthracyne have been previously reported, the synthesis of polycyclic osmaarynes is still a challenge. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of the first pentacyclic osmaarynes (pyreno[b]osmabenzynes 1 a and 2 a) and hexacyclic osmaaryne (peryleno[b]osmabenzyne 3 a). Nucleophilic reaction of osmaarynes was used to obtain the corresponding pyreno[b]osmium complexes (1 and 2) and peryleno[b] osmium complex (3), which exhibited near-infrared luminescence and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. Complexes 2 and 3 are resistant to photodegradation, and complex 2 has better photothermal conversion properties than 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of, Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, 430205, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - De Bin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
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19
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Synthesis of iridaoxaphospholane complexes. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Li J, Chu Z, Lu Z, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. Reactivity Studies of a Hydroxy-Substituted Irida-carbolong Complex. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Chu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Shek HL, Tam KT, Yiu SM, Tse MK, Morris RH, Wong CY. Osmium(II)-Induced Rearrangement of Allenols for Metallafuran Complexes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Lam Shek
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - King-Ting Tam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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22
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Tang J, Wang Y, Bai W, Zhou Y, Yu W, Li Y. α-Rhenabenzofuran with nonaromatic T 0 and aromatic S 1 states. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9495-9500. [PMID: 35686950 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first α-rhenabenzofuran complexes 2-5 are obtained from one-pot reactions of ReCl3(PMePh2)3 with o-ethynyl phenols. With a delocalized structure, these paramagnetic compounds are nonaromatic at the ground state, which is a triplet. But they exhibit an aromatic singlet excited state, revealed by DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Yilun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P.R. China
| | - Wei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Key Laboratory of Guangxi Colleges and Universities for Food Safety and Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Nanning, 530008, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P.R. China
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23
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Wei W, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Jia G. Reactions of Alkyl‐Substituted Rhenacyclobutadiene Complexes with Electron‐Rich Alkynes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
| | - Herman H. Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
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24
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Qiu R, Wu J, Zhu J. Stabilizing a 20-Electron Metallaazulyne by Aromaticity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9073-9081. [PMID: 35675659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 18-electron rule states that metal complexes with 18 valence electron metal centers are thermodynamically stable because nine valence orbitals of transition metals including one s orbital, three p orbitals, and five d orbitals can collectively accommodate 18 electrons, achieving the same electron configuration as the noble gas in the period. Thus, 20-electron compounds are extremely rare due to a violation of such a rule. Here, we demonstrate a 20-electron metallaazulyne via density functional theory calculations stabilized by aromaticity, which was supported by various aromaticity indices including nucleus-independent chemical shift, anisotropy of the induced current density, the isochemical shielding surface, and electron density of delocalized bonds. Interestingly, when a transition metal fragment is first introduced into the aromatic azulyne molecule, the resulting osmaazulyne becomes antiaromatic, in sharp contrast to the previous transformation from pentalyne to metallapentalyne. More interestingly, when osmaazulyne is reduced by two electrons, the resulting 20e osmaazulyne becomes aromatic. Our findings highlight an important application of aromaticity in stabilizing 20e species, inviting experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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25
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Bai W, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Bao X, Li Y. An aromatic dimetallapolycyclic complex with two rhenapyrylium rings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6409-6412. [PMID: 35543294 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01789j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extension of the polycyclic benzo-rhenapyrylium structure by a fused metallaaromatic ring and a benzene unit are reported. The dirhena-aromatic complex 4 shows strong absorption in the visible region and a significant absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region (λmax = 842 nm). DFT calculations are performed to understand its aromatic nature and electronic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yilun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Key Laboratory of Guangxi Colleges and Universities for Food Safety and Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Nanning, 530008, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P. R. China
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26
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Masada K, Kusumoto S, Nozaki K. Atom Swapping on Aromatic Rings: Conversion from Phosphinine Pincer Metal Complexes to Metallabenzenes Triggered by O 2 Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117096. [PMID: 35191160 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel method for the synthesis of metallabenzenes by swapping the phosphorus atom in an aromatic phosphinine ring with transition metal fragments. The oxidation of a phosphine-phosphinine-phosphine pincer iridium complex by O2 triggered the replacement of the phosphorus atom of the phosphinine ring by an iridium fragment to afford iridabenzene. Dianionic rhodabenzene was also synthesized from a phosphinine rhodium complex by oxidation of the phosphorus atom, followed by subsequent reduction using metallic potassium. The aromaticity of the newly synthesized irida- and rhoda-benzenes was evaluated both experimentally and theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Masada
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Xu B, Mao W, Wu C, Li J, Lu Z, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. A
One‐Pot
Strategy for the Synthesis of
β
‐Substituted
Rhoda‐ and
Irida‐Carbolong
Complexes. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
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28
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Masada K, Kusumoto S, Nozaki K. Atom Swapping on Aromatic Rings: Conversion from Phosphinine Pincer Metal Complexes to Metallabenzenes Triggered by O
2
Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Masada
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Shuhei Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
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29
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Bai W, Zhou Y, Bao X, Li Y. Synthesis, structure and aromaticity of metallapyridinium complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2876-2882. [PMID: 35099489 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The first rhena-analogues of pyridinium (cyclopropametalla-2-isoquinolinium complexes) are obtained from o-ethynyl benzonitriles. Structural analysis and DFT calculations confirm their aromatic nature. Compared to rhenapyrylium, rhenapyridinium has a slightly stronger Hückel π-aromaticity, while a chlorine substituent on the rhenapyridinium ring decreases its aromaticity, which is revealed by NICS, EDDB, MCI and ΔBV(ELFπ) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Wei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Key Laboratory of Guangxi Colleges and Universities for Food Safety and Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Nanning, 530008, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P.R. China
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30
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Cui FH, Hua Y, Lin YM, Fei J, Gao LH, Zhao X, Xia H. Selective Difunctionalization of Unactivated Aliphatic Alkenes Enabled by a Metal–Metallaaromatic Catalytic System. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2301-2310. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Hu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Le-Han Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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31
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Cao Q, Wang P, Cai Y, Hua Y, Zheng S, Cheng X, HE G, Wen TB, Chen J. Synthesis and Characterization of Rhena[10]annulynes. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00463a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Most of the reported metallacycles were limited to small cyclic complexes that contain six-membered or smaller rings. Larger-membered metallacycles are still rare and mainly focus on the dimetallacycles. Herein, we...
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32
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Buil ML, Esteruelas MA, Oñate E, Picazo NR. Dissimilarity in the Chemical Behavior of Osmaoxazolium Salts and Osmaoxazoles: Two Different Aromatic Metalladiheterocycles. Organometallics 2021; 40:4150-4162. [PMID: 35264819 PMCID: PMC8895684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
preparation of aromatic hydride-osmaoxazolium and hydride-oxazole
compounds is reported and their reactivity toward phenylacetylene
investigated. Complex [OsH(OH)(≡CPh)(IPr)(PiPr3)]OTf (1; IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolylidene,
OTf = CF3SO3) reacts with acetonitrile and benzonitrile
to give [OsH{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)NHC(R)O]}(NCR)(IPr)(PiPr3)]OTf (R = Me (2), Ph (3)) via amidate intermediates, which are generated by addition of
the hydroxide ligand to the nitrile. In agreement with this, the addition
of 2-phenylacetamide to acetonitrile solutions of 1 gives
[OsH{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)NHC(CH2Ph)O]}(NCCH3)(IPr)(PiPr3)]OTf (4). The deprotonation of the osmaoxazolium ring of 2 and 4 leads to the oxazole derivatives OsH{κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)NC(R)O]}(IPr)(PiPr3) (R = Me (5), CH2Ph (6)). Complexes 2 and 4 add their Os–H
and Os–C bonds to the C–C triple bond of phenylacetylene
to afford [Os{η3-C3,κ1-O-[CH2C(Ph)C(Ph)NHC(R)O]}(NCCH3)2(IPr)]OTf (R = Me (7), CH2Ph (8)), bearing a tridentate amide-N-functionalized
allyl ligand, while complexes 5 and 6 undergo
a vicarious nucleophilic substitution of the hydride at the metal
center with the alkyne, via the compressed dihydride adduct intermediates
OsH2(C≡CPh){κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)NC(R)O]}(IPr)(PiPr3) (R = Me (9), CH2Ph (10)), which reductively
eliminate H2 to yield the acetylide-osmaoxazoles Os(C≡CPh){κ2-C,O-[C(Ph)NC(R)O]}(IPr)(PiPr3) (R = Me (11), CH2Ph (12)).
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Affiliation(s)
- María L. Buil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nieves R. Picazo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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33
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Sun Y, Zhou Y, Bai W, Li Y, Wang Y. Metalla-phenalene complexes: synthesis, structure and aromaticity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:435-438. [PMID: 34901974 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metallaaromatics show a diversity of aromaticity. In this work, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of the first rhena-phenalene complexes. In addition to the Hückel aromaticity and σ-aromaticity, pseudo π anti-aromaticity is observed. DFT computations show that this anti-aromaticity (paramagnetic properties) is induced by the fused aromatic naphthyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, 188 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P. R. China
| | - Yilun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P. R. China
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34
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Qiu R, Zhu J. Adaptive aromaticity in 16-valence-electron metallazapentalenes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16842-16848. [PMID: 34779463 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
According to Hückel's and Baird's rules, cyclic species are generally aromatic only either in the lowest singlet state (S0) or in the lowest-lying triplet ππ* excited state (T1). Thus, species with aromaticity both in S0 and T1 states (termed as adaptive aromaticity) are particularly rare. Herein, we carry out density functional theory (DFT) calculations to examine the aromaticity of 16e metallapentalenes containing heteroatoms (N, O). Interestingly, metallazapentalenes show adaptive aromaticity whereas metalloxapentalenes display nonaromaticity in the S0 and T1 states, which is supported by structural, magnetic, and electronic indices. In addition, a series of metallazapentalenes containing strong σ- or π-donor ligands are predicted to achieve adaptive aromaticity. Our findings expand the family of adaptive aromatics significantly, inviting experimental chemists to realize more hetero-metallapentalenes with adaptive aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
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35
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Wei W, Xu X, Lee KH, Lin R, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Lin Z, Jia G. Reactions of Rhenacyclobutadiene Complexes with Allenes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 0000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 0000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ka-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 0000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 0000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Herman H. Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 0000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 0000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 0000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 0000, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Tang C, Zhao Y, Wu J, Chen Z, Liu LL, Tan YZ, Zhu J, Xia H. Releasing Antiaromaticity in Metal-Bridgehead Naphthalene. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15587-15592. [PMID: 34533932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As a fundamental chemical property, aromaticity guides the synthesis of novel structures and materials. Replacing the carbon moieties of aromatic hydrocarbons with transition metal fragments is a promising strategy to synthesize intriguing organometallic counterparts with a similar aromaticity to their organic parents. However, since antiaromaticity will endow compound instability, it is a great challenge to obtain an antiaromatic organometallic counterpart based on such transition metal replacement in aromatic hydrocarbons. Here, we report an efficient aromaticity transformation on aromatic naphthalene through the bridgehead replacement of an osmium fragment, leading to the unprecedented synthesis of metal-bridgehead naphthalene featuring a highly twisted structure as confirmed by X-ray crystallography characterization. Such a twisted conformation works together with its phosphonium substituents to release the antiaromaticity in the planar conformation of the metal-bridgehead naphthalene. Our findings prove the bridgehead involvement of transition metals in unexpected aromaticity modifications and open an avenue for novel metal-bridgehead complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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37
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Cai Y, Hua Y, Lu Z, Lan Q, Lin Z, Fei J, Chen Z, Zhang H, Xia H. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of compounds with Craig-Möbius aromaticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2102310118. [PMID: 34544859 PMCID: PMC8488665 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102310118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions are widely regarded as characteristic reactions of aromatic species, but no comparable reaction has been reported for molecules with Craig-Möbius aromaticity. Here, we demonstrate successful EAS reactions of Craig-Möbius aromatics, osmapentalenes, and fused osmapentalenes. The highly reactive nature of osmapentalene makes it susceptible to electrophilic attack by halogens, thus osmapentalene, osmafuran-fused osmapentalene, and osmabenzene-fused osmapentalene can undergo typical EAS reactions. In addition, the selective formation of a series of halogen substituted metalla-aromatics via EAS reactions has revealed an unprecedented approach to otherwise elusive compounds such as the unsaturated cyclic chlorirenium ions. Density functional theory calculations were conducted to study the electronic effect on the regioselectivity of the EAS reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Yuhui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China 518005
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China 518005
| | - Qing Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Zuzhang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005;
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005;
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China 518005
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38
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Li J, Lu Z, Hua Y, Chen D, Xia H. Carbolong chemistry: nucleophilic aromatic substitution of a triflate functionalized iridapentalene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8464-8467. [PMID: 34346430 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03261e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the triflate functionalized iridapentalene 1, [Ir{[double bond, length as m-dash]CHC(CH2C(CO2Me)2CH2)[double bond, length as m-dash]CC[double bond, length as m-dash]CHC(OTf)[double bond, length as m-dash]CH}(CO)(PPh3)2]OTf, with C-, N-, O- and S-centered neutral nucleophiles was studied, leading to the isolation of a wide array of irida-carbolong derivatives. As an extension, a polycyclic complex with a rare six-fused-ring structure was constructed. This strategy provides a new route for the construction of functionalized metallaaromatic complexes, and the resulting iridacycles exhibit broad spectral absorption ranges, making them potential photoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Liu S, Zhang MX, Yang X, Zhang K, Yin J. Osmaindenes: Synthesis and Reversible Mechanochromism Characteristics. Chemistry 2021; 27:14645-14652. [PMID: 34350652 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel osmaindenes 1 - 6 bearing different substituents (CF 3 , H, I, Br, OCH 3 , N(Ph) 2 ) has been synthesized by nucleophilic reaction of water with the corresponding aromatic osmanaphthalyne complexes. All osmaindenes 1 - 6 have been characterized by elemental analysis (EA) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, although the low solubilities of 3 and 4 precluded the accumulation of their 13 C NMR spectra. Osmaindenes 2 , 3 and 5 have also been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Subsequently, through solid-state fluorescence spectroscopy, mechanochromic studies, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, we found that osmaindenes 1 - 6 fluoresce at wavelengths in the range 500-800 nm, while also displaying reversible mechanochromic properties. The solid-state fluorescence emission of 1 after grinding extends into the near-infrared region. This research provides new insight into the design and synthesis of metallic materials with excellent mechanochromic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Liu
- Central China Normal University, college of chemistry, luoyu road 152, 430079, Wuhan, CHINA
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- Central China Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Central China Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Kunming Zhang
- Central China Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Jun Yin
- Central China Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
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40
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Talavera M, Cid-Seara KM, Peña-Gallego Á, Bolaño S. Key factors in the synthesis of polycyclic iridaaromatics via the methoxyalkenylcarbene pathway. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11216-11220. [PMID: 34338266 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01361k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic iridaaromatic compounds are of great interest not only because of the contributions made in "aromatic chemistry", but also because of the possibility of improving the results of the applications of the corresponding organic analogues in different fields. Therefore, understanding the requirements necessary to build on demand this type of compound with specific properties is of great importance. In this work, the keys to successfully synthesize iridaaromatic complexes via methoxyalkenylcarbenes are established. Experimental and theoretical results show (i) that bearing two aromatic substituents on the gamma carbon of the methoxyalkylcarbene promotes the C-H bond activation; (ii) the need for large steric hindrance of the second substituent for a selective synthesis and, (iii) the selectivity in the C-H bond activation towards the less sterically hindered system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Talavera
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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41
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Yeung CF, Shek HL, Yiu SM, Tse MK, Wong CY. Controlled Activation of Dipicolinyl-Substituted Propargylic Alcohol by Ru(II) and Os(II) for Unprecedented Indolizine-Fused Metallafuran Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hau-Lam Shek
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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42
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Zhang MX, Lin L, Yang X, Yin J, Zhu J, Liu SH. Nucleophilic Reactions of Osmanaphthalynes with PMe 3 and H 2 O. Chemistry 2021; 27:9328-9335. [PMID: 33871120 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Members of a new class of complexes, 2(CF3 ), 2(H), 2(Br), 2(I), and 2(OCH3 ), have been synthesized in a one-pot method involving the treatment of osmanaphthalynes bearing corresponding substituents (1(CF3 ), 1(H), 1(Br), 1(I), and 1(OCH3 )) with trimethylphosphine (PMe3 ) and water. The main reaction process involves two steps, namely a ligand-exchange with trimethylphosphine and nucleophilic addition of water to the Os≡C bond of the osmanaphthalyne. The substituents have a significant influence on the rate of the reaction, as befits a nucleophilic addition. Fortunately, the key intermediate [1(OCH3 )]' could be successfully captured, and the detailed reaction mechanism has been explored with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which were in excellent agreement with the experimental findings. All of the target complexes have been fully characterized by 1 H, 31 P{1 H}, and 13 C{1 H} NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, 430205, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Gupta S, Su S, Zhang Y, Liu P, Wink DJ, Lee D. Ruthenabenzene: A Robust Precatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7490-7500. [PMID: 33961744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metallaaromatics constitute a unique class of aromatic compounds where one or more transition metal elements are incorporated into the aromatic system, the parent of which is metallabenzene. One of the main concerns about metallabenzenes generally deals with the structural characterization related to their relative aromaticity compared to the carbon archetype. Transition metal-containing metallabenzenes are also implicated in certain catalytic processes such as alkyne metathesis polymerization; however, these transition metal-based metallaaromatic compounds have not been developed as a catalyst. Herein, we describe an effective strategy to generate diverse arrays of ruthenabenzenes and demonstrated them as an aromatic equivalent of the Grubbs-type ruthenium alkylidene catalysts. These ruthenabenzenes can be prepared via an enyne metathesis and metallotropic [1,3]-shift cascade process to form alkyne-chelated ruthenium alkylidene intermediates followed by spontaneous cycloaromatization. The aromatic nature of these complexes was confirmed by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic data, and the mechanistic pathways for the cycloaromatization process were studied by DFT calculations. These ruthenabenzenes display robust catalytic activity for metathesis and other transformations, which illustrates that metallabenzenes are not only compounds of structural and theoretical interests but also are a novel platform for new catalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswata Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Siyuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Donald J Wink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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44
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Zhang Y, Yu C, Huang Z, Zhang WX, Ye S, Wei J, Xi Z. Metalla-aromatics: Planar, Nonplanar, and Spiro. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2323-2333. [PMID: 33849276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe concept of aromaticity is one of the most fundamental principles in chemistry. It is generally accepted that planarity is a prerequisite for aromaticity, and typically the more planar the geometry of an aromatic compound is, the stronger aromatic it is. However, it is not always the case, particularly when transition metals are involved in conjugation and electron delocalization of aromatic systems, i.e., metalla-aromatics. Because of the intrinsic nature of transition-metal orbitals, besides planar geometries, the most stable molecular structures of metalla-aromatic compounds could take nonplanar and even spiro geometries. In this Account, we outline several unprecedented types of metalla-aromatics developed recently in our research group.Around seven years ago, we found that 1,4-dilithio-1,3-butadienes, dilithio reagents with π-conjugation, could function as non-innocent ligands and react with low-valent transition-metal complexes, generating monocyclic metalla-aromatic compounds. Later on, by taking advantage of the unique behavior of dilithio reagents and the intrinsic nature of different transition metals, we have synthesized a series of metalla-aromatic compounds, of which four types are discussed here, and each of them represents the first of its kind. First, nearly planar aromatic dicupra[10]annulenes, a 10 π-electron aromatic system with two bridging Cu atoms participating in the orbital conjugation and electron delocalization, are synthesized by annulating two dilithio reagents with two Cu(I) complexes.Second, four kinds of spiro metalla-aromatics, featuring planar (with Pd, Pt, or Rh as the spiro atom) geometry with a whole 10π aromatic system, octahedral (tris-spiro metalla-aromatics with V as the spiro atom) geometry with an entire 40π Craig-Möbius aromatic system, tetrahedral (with Mn as the spiro atom) geometry having two independent and perpendicular 6π planar aromatic rings, and tetrahedral (with Mn as the spiro atom) geometry with one planar and one nonplanar 6π aromatic rings, respectively, are generated. In sharp contrast to spiroaromaticity with carbon acting as the spiro atom described in Organic Chemistry, the metal spiro atom herein takes part in orbital conjugation and electron delocalization.Third, nonplanar aromatic butadienyl diiron complexes are realized. Different from planar aromatic systems featuring delocalized π-type overlap, this nonplanar metalla-aromaticity is achieved by the novel σ-type overlap between the two Fe 3dxz orbitals and the butadienyl π orbital, forming a 6π aromatic system. Fourth, dinickelaferrocene, a ferrocene analogue with two aromatic nickeloles, is synthesized from our monocyclic aromatic dilithionickelole and FeBr2. The aromaticity of dinickelaferrocene and its nickelole ligands is realized by electron back-donation from the Fe 3d orbital to the π* orbital of nickeloles, which also deepens our understanding of the origin of aromaticity.The search for unprecedented and exciting aromatic systems, particularly with transition metals being involved, will continue to drive this intriguing research field forward. Given the synthetic strategies and various types of metalla-aromatics developed and described, diversified metalla-aromatics of interesting structures and reaction chemistry, novel chemical bonding modes, and useful functions can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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45
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Unveiling the influence of solvent polarity on structural, electronic properties, and 31P NMR parameters of rhenabenzyne complex. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Pereira-Cameselle R, Peña-Gallego Á, Cid-Seara KM, Alonso-Gómez JL, Talavera M, Bolaño S. Chemoselectivity on the synthesis of iridacycles: A theoretical and experimental study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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47
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Roy DK, Tröster T, Fantuzzi F, Dewhurst RD, Lenczyk C, Radacki K, Pranckevicius C, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Isolierung und Reaktivität eines s‐Block‐Metall‐Antiaromaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Roy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552, M.P. Indien
| | - Tobias Tröster
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Conor Pranckevicius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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48
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Roy DK, Tröster T, Fantuzzi F, Dewhurst RD, Lenczyk C, Radacki K, Pranckevicius C, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Isolation and Reactivity of an Antiaromatic s-Block Metal Compound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3812-3819. [PMID: 33210400 PMCID: PMC7898526 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The concepts of aromaticity and antiaromaticity have a long history, and countless demonstrations of these phenomena have been made with molecules based on elements from the p, d, and f blocks of the periodic table. In contrast, the limited oxidation-state flexibility of the s-block metals has long stood in the way of their participation in sophisticated π-bonding arrangements, and truly antiaromatic systems containing s-block metals are altogether absent or remain poorly defined. Using spectroscopic, structural, and computational techniques, we present herein the synthesis and authentication of a heterocyclic compound containing the alkaline earth metal beryllium that exhibits significant antiaromaticity, and detail its chemical reduction and Lewis-base-coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Roy
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Discipline of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology IndoreKhandwa Road, SimrolIndore453552, M.P.India
| | - Tobias Tröster
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Conor Pranckevicius
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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49
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Bao X, Li Y, Bai W, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Sun Y, Jiang J. One-pot syntheses of rhena-2-benzopyrylium complexes with a fused metallacyclopropene unit. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1643-1646. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07749f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Facile syntheses of the first cyclopropametalla-2-benzopyrylium complexes containing fused metallapyrylium and metallacyclopropene units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Liaoning 116024
| | - Yang Li
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Liaoning 116024
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University for Nationalities
- 188 Daxue East Road
- Nanning
- P. R. China
| | - Yilun Wang
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Liaoning 116024
| | - Jingyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Liaoning 116024
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50
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Daneshdoost V, Ghiasi R, Marjani A. INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF THE EXTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD ON OSMABENZYNE IN THE GROUND (S0) AND FIRST EXCITED SINGLET (S1) STATES: INSIGHT INTO STRUCTURES, ENERGY, AND PROPERTIES. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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