1
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Kleinpeter E, Koch A. Carbones - A Classification on the Magnetic Criterion. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300826. [PMID: 37966046 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbones (carbodiphosphoranes, bent allenes and chalcogen-stabilized carbones) bear the same resonance contributor X+ -C2- -Y+ (X+ , Y+ =PR3 + , CR2 + , SR2 + , SeR2 + , S+ R2 =NR) and exhibit unique bonding and donating properties at the central carbon atom. A classification is given on basis of both the geometry and the magnetic properties (13 C chemical shift of the central carbon atom and the spatial magnetic properties, through-space NMR shieldings (TS NMRSs), actually the anisotropy effect or the ring current effect of aromatic species). TS NMRS values have been calculated using the GIAO perturbation method employing the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) concept and the results visualized as iso-chemical-shielding surfaces (ICSS) of various size and direction. The synergy of geometry (linear or bent, orthogonal or twisted structures) and NMR characteristics (extend of the high field shift of the central carbon atom, anisotropy effect of the allene-like C=C double bonds or the ball-like anisotropy effect of carbone-like central carbon atom) provides a comprehensive picture of the dominating resonance contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Kleinpeter
- Chemisches Institut der Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam (Golm), Germany
| | - Andreas Koch
- Chemisches Institut der Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam (Golm), Germany
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2
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Kooij B, Dong Z, Fadaei-Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Severin K. Synthesis and Reactivity of an Anionic Diazoolefin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308625. [PMID: 37387555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Bent (hetero)allenes such as carbodicarbenes and carbodiphosphoranes can act as neutral C-donor ligands, and diverse applications in coordination chemistry have been reported. N-Heterocyclic diazoolefins are heterocumulenes, which can function in a similar fashion as L-type ligands. Herein, we describe the synthesis and the reactivity of an anionic diazoolefin. This compound displays distinct reactivity compared to neutral diazoolefins, as evidenced by the preparation of diazo compounds via protonation, alkylation, or silylation. The anionic diazoolefin can be employed as an ambidentate, X-type ligand in salt metathesis reactions with metal halide complexes. Extrusion of dinitrogen was observed in a reaction with PCl(NiPr2 )2 , resulting in a stable phosphinocarbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Kooij
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhaowen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Ghosh A, Conradie J. Theoretical Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Low-Valent Carbon Species: A ∼6 eV Range of Ionization Potentials among Carbenes, Ylides, and Carbodiphosphoranes. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 3:92-95. [PMID: 37035281 PMCID: PMC10080723 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
High-quality density functional theory calculations underscore a nearly 6 eV range for the ionization potentials (IPs) of neutral, low-valent carbon compounds, including carbenes, ylides, and zero-valent carbon compounds (carbones) such as carbodiphosphoranes (CDPs) and carbodicarbenes. Thus, adiabatic IPs as low as 5.5 ± 0.1 eV are predicted for CDPs, which are about 0.7-1.2 eV lower than those of simple phosphorus and sulfur ylides. In contrast, the corresponding values for N-heterocyclic carbenes are about 8.0 eV while those for simple singlet carbenes such as dichlorocarbene and difluorocarbene range from about 9.0 eV to well over 11.0 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
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4
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Newman AK, Henry AM, Madriaga JP, Sieffert JM, Heinrich SE, Jarboe JT, Swift VM, Cheong AYY, Haynes MT, Zigler DF. Substituent effects on the UV-visible spectrum and excited electronic states of dithiocarboxylates. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:303-318. [PMID: 35195891 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The absorption spectra of a series of dithiocarboxylates were investigated in the ultraviolet-visible region. Two questions that this study aimed to address were as follows: (1) What transitions give rise to the features in the electronic spectra? And (2) what are the long- and short-range substituent effects on the absorption spectra? A series of 11 dithiocarboxylates were prepared as organic soluble salts. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) was used to calculate excited state energies and oscillator strengths of electronic transitions. TDDFT at the CAM-B3LYP/def2-TZVPD level of theory predicts two low-energy n → π* transitions and two π → π* transitions at higher energy, consistent with the experimental spectra. This state ordering and density is in contrast to the better studied thiocarbonyls for which only two transitions within the singlet manifold appear in the UV-visible region. For derivatives of dithiobenzoate, the energy of the three lowest energy states are insensitive to changes to substituents para to the dithiocarboxylate group. In contrast, the energy of the highest ππ* state varies by 0.78 eV. This work shows that the results of TDDFT calculations can be used to predict the electronic absorption spectra of dithiocarboxylates, providing a useful tool for designing dithiocarboxylate light absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham K Newman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA, 93405, USA
| | - Ava M Henry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA, 93405, USA
| | - Jose P Madriaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA, 93405, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - J Michael Sieffert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA, 93405, USA.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A0G4, Canada
| | - Shannon E Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA, 93405, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Juliana T Jarboe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA, 93405, USA
| | - Vincent M Swift
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA, 93405, USA
| | - Alicia Y Y Cheong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA, 93405, USA
| | - M Taylor Haynes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA, 93405, USA.
| | - David F Zigler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA, 93405, USA.
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5
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Yadav R, Sinhababu S, Yadav R, Kundu S. Base-stabilized formally zero-valent mono and diatomic molecular main-group compounds. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2170-2202. [PMID: 35040452 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03569j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Various compounds are known for transition metals in their formal zero-oxidation state, while similar compounds of main-group elements are recently realized and limited to only a few examples. Lewis-base-stabilized mono and diatomic molecular species (B2, C, C2, Si, Si2, Ge, Ge2, Sn, P2, As2, Sb2) represent groundbreaking examples of main-group compounds with formally zero-oxidation state. In recent years, the isolation of low-valent main-group compounds has attracted increasing attention of both experimental and theoretical chemists. This is not only due to their fascinating electronic structures and exceptional reactivities, but also their use as valuable precursors for the synthesis of exotic yet important chemical species. This has led to a better understanding of the intricate balance of the donor-acceptor properties of the ligand(s) used to stabilize elements in a formally zero-oxidation state. Owing to the unusual oxidation state of the central element, many compounds containing formally zero-valent elements can efficiently activate otherwise inert small molecules. This review describes the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of reported mono and diatomic formal zero-oxidation state main-group compounds. This review also emphasizes the comparative description of systems where different ligands are used to stabilize an element in its formal zero-oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India. .,Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India.
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India.
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6
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Maser L, Vogt M, Langer R. Cationic ligands between σ-donation and hydrogen-bridge-bond-stabilisation of ancillary ligands in coinage metal complexes with protonated carbodiphosphoranes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:17397-17404. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protonated carbodiphosphoranes are demonstrated to act as σ- or hydrogen-bridge-bond donors in a series of copper and silver complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Maser
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogt
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Robert Langer
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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7
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Varava P, Dong Z, Scopelliti R, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K. Isolation and characterization of diazoolefins. Nat Chem 2021; 13:1055-1060. [PMID: 34621076 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diazoolefins tend to be highly reactive compounds that rapidly lose dinitrogen. So far, most experimental evidence for diazoolefins is indirect, via trapping experiments. Here we show that diazoolefins are observed to form in reactions of N-heterocyclic olefins with nitrous oxide. The products benefit from resonance stabilization, which enables isolation on a preparative scale, and comprehensive characterization, which includes crystallographic analyses. N-heterocyclic diazoolefins show a strong ylidic character, with a high charge density at the carbon atom next to the diazo group. Despite the presence of terminal N2 groups, N-heterocyclic diazoolefins display a good thermal stability, which surpasses that observed for most diazoalkanes. N-heterocyclic diazoolefins can bind transition and main group metal complexes without the liberation of dinitrogen, and spectroscopic data show that they are strong electron donors. They can also undergo reactions that involve the N2 group, as evidenced by cycloaddition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Varava
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhaowen Dong
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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8
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Koike T, Nukazawa T, Iwamoto T. Conformationally Switchable Silylone: Electron Redistribution Accompanied by Ligand Reorientation around a Monatomic Silicon. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14332-14341. [PMID: 34448394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Complexes that could be switched between two electronic states by external stimuli have attracted much attention for their potential application in molecular devices. However, a realization of such a phenomenon with low-valent main-group element-centered complexes remains challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)silylene (CAASi)-ligated monatomic silicon(0) complexes (silylones). The bis(CAASi)-ligated silylone adopts a π-localized ylidene structure (greenish-black color) in the solid state and a π-delocalized ylidene structure (dark-purple color) in solution that could be reversibly switched upon phase transfer (ylidene [L: → :Si = L ↔ L = Si: ← :L]). The observed remarkable difference in the physical properties of the two isomers is attributed to the balanced steric demand and redox noninnocent character of the CAASi ligand which are altered by the orientation of the two terminal ligands with respect to the Si-Si-Si plane: twisted structure (π-localized ylidene) and planar structure (π-delocalized ylidene). Conversely, the CAASi/CDASi-ligated heteroleptic silylone (CDASi = cyclic dialkylsilylene) only exhibited the twisted π-localized ylidene structure regardless of the phase. The synthesized silylones also proved themselves as monatomic silicon surrogates. Thermolysis of the silylones in the presence of an ethane-1,2-diimine afforded the corresponding diaminosilylenes. Analyses of the products suggested a stepwise mechanism that proceeds via a disilavinylidene intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Koike
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takumi Nukazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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9
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Maser L, Vogt M, Langer R. Facial vs. Meridional Coordination Modes in Re
I
Tricarbonyl Complexes with a Carbodiphosphorane‐based Tridentate Ligand. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Maser
- Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Science II Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Matthias Vogt
- Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Science II Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Robert Langer
- Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Science II Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
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10
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Su W, Ma Y, Xiang L, Wang J, Wang S, Zhao L, Frenking G, Ye Q. Isolation of a Uranium(III)-Carbon Multiple Bond Complex. Chemistry 2021; 27:10006-10011. [PMID: 33913186 PMCID: PMC8362146 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-valent uranium-element multiple bond complexes remain scarce, though there is burgeoning interest regarding to their bonding and reactivity. Herein, isolation of a uranium(III)-carbon double bond complex [(Cp*)2 U(CDP)](BPh4 ) (1) comprising a tridentate carbodiphosphorane (CDP) was reported for the first time. Oxidation of 1 afforded the corresponding U(IV) complex [(Cp*)2 U(CDP)](BPh4 )2 (2). The distance between U and C in 2 is 2.481 Å, indicating the existence of a typical U=C double bond, which is further confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. Bonding analysis suggested that the CDP also serves as both σ- and π-donor in complex 1, though a longer U-C bond (2.666(3) Å) is observed. It implies that 1 is the first isolable mononuclear uranium(III) carbene complex. Moreover, these results suggest that CDPs are promising ligands to establish other low-valent f-block metal-carbon multiple bond complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology518055ShenzhenChina
| | - Yanshun Ma
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University211816NanjingChina
| | - Libo Xiang
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology518055ShenzhenChina
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology518055ShenzhenChina
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD−X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSooChow University199 Ren'ai Road215123SuzhouChina
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University211816NanjingChina
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University211816NanjingChina
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology518055ShenzhenChina
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11
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Klein M, Sundermeyer J. Modular Design Strategy toward Second-Generation Tridentate Carbodiphosphorane N,C,N Ligands with a Central Four-Electron Carbon Donor Motif and Their Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Klein
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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12
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Sanyal S, Esterhuysen C. Nature of halogen bond adducts of carbones with XCF3 (X = Cl, Br, I) species. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Xu W, Maser L, Alig L, Langer R. Rhodium carbonyl complexes featuring carbodiphosphorane-based pincer ligands. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Münzer JE, Sieg GH, Vehlies R, Fuzon PA, Xie X, Neumüller B, Kuzu I. Cationic group 1 carbodiphosphorane complexes. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Maser L, Korziniowski P, Langer R. Flexible coordination of carbodiphosphorane-based pincer ligands in chromium(0) carbonyl complexes. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of chromium(0) complexes was obtained by subsequent irradiation of [Cr(CO)6] in the presence of [(Ph2P-CH2-PPh2)2CH]+. Depending on the reaction conditions and the duration of irradiation, complexes with different coordination modes of the potentially tridentate ligand can be isolated. Shorter irradiation times lead to the coordination of the terminal PPh2 groups and the formation of [(κ2P,P′-{Ph2P-CH2-PPh2}CH)Cr(CO)4]+ (2), whereas after longer irradiation duration, the formation of fac- and mer-[(κ3P,C,P′-{Ph2P-CH2-PPh2}CH)Cr(CO)3]+ (3) can be observed. In the presence of base, the neutral complex [(κ3P,C,P′-{Ph2P-CH2-PPh2}C)Cr(CO)3] (4) can be isolated, enabling the analysis of the central CDP group’s net donor strength through the C–O stretching vibration. Finally, the utilization of reductants like potassium graphite lead to the loss of hydrogen and generation of an anionic chromium(0) complex (5). Using quantum chemical methods, the stability of possible isomers is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Maser
- Institute of Chemistry, Natural Science Faculty II, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Korziniowski
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Langer
- Institute of Chemistry, Natural Science Faculty II, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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16
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Kroll A, Steinert H, Jörges M, Steinke T, Mallick B, Gessner VH. Cationic Phosphorus Compounds Based on a Bis(1-piperidinyl)-Substituted Carbodiphosphorane: Syntheses, Structures, and C sp3–H Activation. Organometallics 2020; 39:4312-4319. [PMID: 33551536 PMCID: PMC7861138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The use of the bis(1-piperidinyl)-substituted carbodiphosphorane
(Ph2(Pip)P)2C (1) as an NCN ligand for the
stabilization of phosphorus cations was studied. A simple ligand for halide exchange
allowed the synthesis and isolation of a series of phosphorus monocations of the type
[1-PR2]+ (with R = Cl, Br, I, CyCl, Ph). These
cations exhibit characteristic NMR and structural properties which nicely correlate with
the charge at the central phosphorus atom and the interaction between the ligand and the
PR2 moiety. Halide abstraction from the monocations does not result in
isolable dicationic compounds but in an unexpected intramolecular
Csp3–H activation in the piperidinyl group. DFT studies
show that the selective activation of the CH2 group next to the nitrogen atom
instead of a CH group at the phenyl substituents proceeds via an iminium intermediate
formed by hydride transfer from the carbon atom to the cationic phosphorus center. This
observation clearly demonstrates the pronounced π acidity of the dicationic
phosphorus species in comparison to compounds with a further π-donor
substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kroll
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Henning Steinert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Mike Jörges
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tim Steinke
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bert Mallick
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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17
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Liu SK, Chen WC, Yap GPA, Ong TG. Synthesis of Carbophosphinocarbene and Their Donating Ability: Expansion of the Carbone Class. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-kai Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-chu, Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-chu,Taiwan
| | | | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-chu, Taiwan
- The Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Böttger SC, Poggel C, Sundermeyer J. ortho-Directed Dilithiation of Hexaphenyl-carbodiphosphorane. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silas C. Böttger
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina Poggel
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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19
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Zhao L, Chai C, Petz W, Frenking G. Carbones and Carbon Atom as Ligands in Transition Metal Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214943. [PMID: 33114580 PMCID: PMC7663554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes experimental and theoretical studies of transition metal complexes with two types of novel metal-carbon bonds. One type features complexes with carbones CL2 as ligands, where the carbon(0) atom has two electron lone pairs which engage in double (σ and π) donation to the metal atom [M]⇇CL2. The second part of this review reports complexes which have a neutral carbon atom C as ligand. Carbido complexes with naked carbon atoms may be considered as endpoint of the series [M]-CR3 → [M]-CR2 → [M]-CR → [M]-C. This review includes some work on uranium and cerium complexes, but it does not present a complete coverage of actinide and lanthanide complexes with carbone or carbide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (L.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Chaoqun Chai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (L.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Wolfgang Petz
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (L.Z.); (C.C.)
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (G.F.)
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20
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Petz W, Neumüller B, Heitbaum M, Weller F. About the Reaction of C(PPh
3
)
2
with [M(CO)
6
] (M = Cr, Mo): Unusual Formation of μ‐Carbonato Complexes of Mo under Participation of THF. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Petz
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Strasse 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Bernhard Neumüller
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Strasse 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Maya Heitbaum
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Strasse 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Frank Weller
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Strasse 35032 Marburg Germany
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21
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Klein M, Demirel N, Schinabeck A, Yersin H, Sundermeyer J. Cu(I) Complexes of Multidentate N,C,N- and P,C,P-Carbodiphosphorane Ligands and Their Photoluminescence. Molecules 2020; 25:E3990. [PMID: 32883039 PMCID: PMC7504792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dinuclear copper(I) N,C,N- and P,C,P-carbodiphosphorane (CDP) complexes using multidentate ligands CDP(Py)2 (1) and (CDP(CH2PPh2)2 (13) have been isolated and characterized. Detailed structural information was gained by single-crystal XRD analyses of nine representative examples. The common structural motive is the central double ylidic carbon atom with its characteristic two lone pairs involved in the binding of two geminal L-Cu(I) fragments at Cu-Cu distances in the range 2.55-2.67 Å. In order to enhance conformational rigidity within the characteristic Cu-C-Cu triangle, two types of chelating side arms were symmetrically attached to each phosphorus atom: two 2-pyridyl functions in ligand CDP(Py)2 (1) and its dinuclear copper complexes 2-9 and 11, as well as two diphenylphosphinomethylene functions in ligand CDP(CH2PPh2)2 (13) and its di- and mononuclear complexes 14-18. Neutral complexes were typically obtained via the reaction of 1 with Cu(I) species CuCl, CuI, and CuSPh or via the salt elimination reaction of [(CuCl)2(CDP(Py)2] (2) with sodium carbazolate. Cationic Cu(I) complexes were prepared upon treating 1 with two equivalents of [Cu(NCMe)4]PF6, followed by the addition of either two equivalents of an aryl phosphine (PPh3, P(C6H4OMe)3) or one equivalent of bisphosphine ligands bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (DPEPhos), 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (XantPhos), or 1,1'-bis(diphenyl-phosphino) ferrocene (dppf). For the first time, carbodiphosphorane CDP(CH2PPh2)2 (13) could be isolated upon treating its precursor [CH(dppm)2]Cl (12) with NaNH2 in liquid NH3. A protonated and a deprotonated derivative of ligand 13 were prepared, and their coordination was compared to neutral CDP ligand 13. NMR analysis and DFT calculations reveal that the most stable tautomer of 13 does not show a CDP (or carbone) structure in its uncoordinated base form. For most of the prepared complexes, photoluminescence upon irradiation with UV light at room temperature was observed. Quantum yields (ΦPL) were determined to be 36% for dicationic [(CuPPh3)2(CDP(Py)2)](PF6)2 (4) and 60% for neutral [(CuSPh)2(CDP(CH2PPh2)2] (16).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Klein
- Department of Chemistry and Science, Materials Sciences Center, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (M.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Nemrud Demirel
- Department of Chemistry and Science, Materials Sciences Center, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (M.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Alexander Schinabeck
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (A.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hartmut Yersin
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (A.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Science, Materials Sciences Center, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (M.K.); (N.D.)
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22
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Böttger S, Gruber M, Münzer JE, Bernard GM, Kneusels NJH, Poggel C, Klein M, Hampel F, Neumüller B, Sundermeyer J, Michaelis VK, Tonner R, Tykwinski RR, Kuzu I. Solvent-Induced Bond-Bending Isomerism in Hexaphenyl Carbodiphosphorane: Decisive Dispersion Interactions in the Solid State. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12054-12064. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silas Böttger
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Gruber
- Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörn Eike Münzer
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Guy M. Bernard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Nis-Julian H. Kneusels
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina Poggel
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marius Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Neumüller
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Tonner
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Istemi Kuzu
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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23
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Kroll A, Steinert H, Scharf LT, Scherpf T, Mallick B, Gessner VH. A diamino-substituted carbodiphosphorane as strong C-donor and weak N-donor: isolation of monomeric trigonal-planar L·ZnCl 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8051-8054. [PMID: 32539059 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The isolation, structural characterization and coordination chemistry of a di(amino)-substituted carbodiphosphorane (CDP) are reported. Compared to the analogue, dianionic bis(iminophosphoryl)methandiides, the CDP is a stronger C-, but much weaker N-donor which led to the isolation of solely C-coordinated metal complexes amongst an unusual monomeric trigonal-planar L·ZnCl2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kroll
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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24
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Kneusels NJH, Münzer JE, Flosdorf K, Jiang D, Neumüller B, Zhao L, Eichhöfer A, Frenking G, Kuzu I. Double donation in trigonal planar iron-carbodiphosphorane complexes - a concise study on their spectroscopic and electronic properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2537-2546. [PMID: 32022052 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04725e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present the syntheses of trigonal planar coordinated Fe(ii) carbodiphosphorane (CDPR) complexes, starting from iron(ii)-bis(trimethylsilylamide) [Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2] and hexaphenyl-(CDPPh) and sym-dimethyltetraphenyl-carbodiphosphoranes (CDPMe), respectively. Both complexes [CDPPh-Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2] (1) and [CDPMe-Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2] (2) were examined in solution and in the solid state. 1 shows a dissociation equilibrium in solution which we monitored by variable temperature 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements of 1 and 2 yielded a high spin configuration (S = 2) for both complexes. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to analyze the bonding situation in compound 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nis-Julian H Kneusels
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Jörn E Münzer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Kimon Flosdorf
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Bernhard Neumüller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Andreas Eichhöfer
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. and Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Istemi Kuzu
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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25
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Su W, Pan S, Sun X, Zhao L, Frenking G, Zhu C. Cerium-carbon dative interactions supported by carbodiphosphorane. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16108-16114. [PMID: 31620743 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03770e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A set of complexes containing dative interactions between a rare-earth metal and carbon are reported. Complex 2, Br3Ce(CDP)(THF), with a Ce←C bond was synthesized by the reaction of CeBr3 with a carbon(0) ligand, carbodiphosphorane (CDP). More significantly, a trivalent cerium complex 3, [BrCe(CDP)2](BPh4)2, with two σ dative interactions C→Ce←C was also isolated, which represents an unusual example of two dative interactions formed with the same atom in a molecule. Furthermore, π donation by the second lone-pair electrons of the CDP ligand is rather weak. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the Ce-C bond lengths in these complexes are comparable with those in cerium(iii)-carbene species. Density functional theory calculations support the dative interaction formation in these complexes and the strength of σ-donation in 3 is stronger than that in 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China. and Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, Marburg 35032, Germany. and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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26
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Flosdorf K, Jiang D, Zhao L, Neumüller B, Frenking G, Kuzu I. An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Structures and Properties of [CDP
Me
‐Ni(CO)
3
] and [Ni
2
(CO)
4
(µ
2
‐CO)(µ
2
‐CDP
Me
)]. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimon Flosdorf
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, D ‐35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Bernhard Neumüller
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, D ‐35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, D ‐35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Istemi Kuzu
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, D ‐35032 Marburg Germany
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27
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Klein M, Xie X, Burghaus O, Sundermeyer J. Synthesis and Characterization of a N,C,N-Carbodiphosphorane Pincer Ligand and Its Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Klein
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Burghaus
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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28
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Ullrich S, Kovačević B, Koch B, Harms K, Sundermeyer J. Design of non-ionic carbon superbases: second generation carbodiphosphoranes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9483-9492. [PMID: 32055322 PMCID: PMC6993619 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The edge-cutting design, synthesis and characterization of the so far strongest non-ionic carbon superbases is presented.
A new generation of carbodiphosphoranes (CDPs), incorporating pyrrolidine, tetramethylguanidine, or tris(dimethylamino)phosphazene as substituents is introduced as the most powerful class of non-ionic carbon superbases on the basicity scale to date. The synthetic approach as well as NMR spectroscopic and structural characteristics in the free and protonated form are described. Investigation of basicity in solution and in the gas phase by experimental and theoretical means provides the to our knowledge first reported pKBH+ values for CDPs in the literature and suggest them as upper tier superbases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ullrich
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße , 35032 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- The Group for Computational Life Sciences , Rudjer Bošković Institute , Bijenička c. 54 , HR-10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Björn Koch
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße , 35032 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße , 35032 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße , 35032 Marburg , Germany .
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29
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Münzer JE, Kneusels NJH, Weinert B, Neumüller B, Kuzu I. Hexaphenyl carbodiphosphorane adducts of heavier group 15 element trichlorides: syntheses, properties and reactivities. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11076-11085. [PMID: 31257392 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01784d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a series of hexaphenyl carbodiphosphorane (CDPPh) adducts of heavier group 15 trichlorides ECl3 (E = P-Bi). The reaction with PCl3 yields the known salt [CDPPh-PCl2][Cl] ([1][Cl]), the heavier element trichlorides ECl3 (E = Sb (4), Bi (5)) give the neutral adducts CDPPh-ECl3 which were characterised crystallographically and spectroscopically. The reaction of CDPPh with AsCl3 does not yield CDPPh-AsCl3 (2), but in the presence of GaCl3 the corresponding salt [CDPPh-AsCl2][GaCl4] ([3][GaCl4]) is formed. DFT (density functional theory) calculations were carried out to examine the molecular frontier orbitals in 1+-5. Additional reactivity studies revealed an intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) in 1+, which represents an excellent starting point for further selective C-P bond formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn E Münzer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Nis-Julian H Kneusels
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Bastian Weinert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Neumüller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Istemi Kuzu
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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30
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Quinlivan PJ, Shlian DG, Amemiya E, Parkin G. Reactivity of the carbodiphosphorane, (Ph 3P) 2C, towards main group metal alkyl compounds: coordination and cyclometalation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9139-9151. [PMID: 31145405 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00678h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The carbodiphosphorane, (Ph3P)2C, reacts with Me3Al and Me3Ga to afford the adducts, [(Ph3P)2C]AlMe3 and [(Ph3P)2C]GaMe3, which have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. (Ph3P)2C also reacts with Me2Zn and Me2Cd to generate an adduct but the formation is reversible on the NMR time scale. At elevated temperatures, however, elimination of methane and cyclometalation occurs to afford [κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]ZnMe and [κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]CdMe. Analogous cyclometalated products, [κ2-Ph3P{CPPh2(C6H4)}]ZnN(SiMe3)2 and [κ2-Ph3P{CPPh2(C6H4)}]CdN(SiMe3)2, are also obtained upon reaction of (Ph3P)2C with Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2 and Cd[N(SiMe3)2]2. The magnesium compounds, Me2Mg and {Mg[N(SiMe3)2]2}2, likewise react with (Ph3P)2C to afford cyclometalated derivatives, namely [κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]MgN(SiMe3)2 and {[κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]MgMe}2. While this reactivity is similar to the zinc system, the magnesium methyl complex is a dimer with bridging methyl groups, whereas the zinc complex is a monomer. The greater tendency of the methyl groups to bridge magnesium centers rather than zinc centers is supported by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Quinlivan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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Vondung L, Jerabek P, Langer R. Ligands Based on Phosphine-Stabilized Aluminum(I), Boron(I), and Carbon(0). Chemistry 2019; 25:3068-3076. [PMID: 30565756 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A systematic quantum chemical study of the bonding in d6 -transition-metal complexes, containing phosphine-stabilized, main-group-element fragments, (R3 P)2 E, as ligands (E=AlH, BH, CH+ , C), is reported. By using energy decomposition analysis, it is demonstrated that a strong M-E bond is accompanied by weak P-E bonds, and vice versa. Although the Al-M bond is, for example, found to be very strong, the weak Al-P bond suggests that the corresponding metal complexes will not be stable towards phosphine dissociation. The interaction energies for the boron(I)-based ligand are lower, but still higher than those for two-carbon-based ligands. For neutral ligands, electrostatic interactions are the dominating contributions to metal-ligand bonding, whereas for the cationic ligand a significant destabilization, with weak orbital and even weaker electrostatic metal-ligand interactions, is observed. Finally, for iron(II) complexes, it is demonstrated that different reactivity patterns are expected for the four donor groups: the experimentally observed reversible E-H reductive elimination of the borylene-based ligand (E=BH) exhibits significantly higher barriers for the protonated carbodiphosphorane (CDP) ligand (E=CH) and would proceed through different intermediates and transition states. For aluminum, such reaction pathways are not feasible (E=AlH). Moreover, it is demonstrated that the metal hydrido complexes with CDP ligands might not be stable towards reduction and isomerization to a protonated CDP ligand and a reduced metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Vondung
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study and the Institute for Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
| | - Paul Jerabek
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study and the Institute for Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Albany, New Zealand.,Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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Franz D, Inoue S. Cationic Complexes of Boron and Aluminum: An Early 21st Century Viewpoint. Chemistry 2018; 25:2898-2926. [PMID: 30113744 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Boron and aluminum are lighter Group 13 elements, found in daily life commodities, and considered environmentally benign. Nevertheless, they markedly differ in their elemental properties (e.g., metal character, atomic radius). The use of Lewis acidic complexes of boron and aluminum for methods of bond activation and catalysis (e.g., hydrogenation of unsaturated substrates, polymerization of olefins and epoxides) is quickly expanding. The introduction of cationic charge may boost the metalloid-centered Lewis acidity and allow for its fine-tuning particularly with regard to preference for "hard" or "soft" Lewis bases (i.e., substrates). Especially the isolation of low-coordinate cations (number of ligand atoms smaller than four) demands elaborate techniques of thermodynamic and kinetic stabilization (i.e., electronic saturation and steric shielding) by a ligand system. Furthermore, the properties of the solvent and the counteranion must be considered with care. Here, selected examples of boron and aluminum cations are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Franz
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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Double dative bond between divalent carbon(0) and uranium. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4997. [PMID: 30479324 PMCID: PMC6258733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dative bonds between p- and d-block atoms are common but species containing a double dative bond, which donate two-electron pairs to the same acceptor, are far less common. The synthesis of complexes between UCl4 and carbodiphosphoranes (CDP), which formally possess double dative bonds Cl4U⇇CDP, is reported in this paper. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the uranium-carbon distances are in the range of bond lengths for uranium-carbon double bonds. A bonding analysis suggests that the molecules are uranium-carbone complexes featuring divalent carbon(0) ligands rather than uranium-carbene species. The complexes represent rare examples with a double dative bond in f-block chemistry. Our study not only introduces the concept of double dative bonds between carbones and f-block elements but also opens an avenue for the construction of other complexes with double dative bonds, thus providing new opportunities for the applications of f-block compounds.
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Maser L, Herritsch J, Langer R. Carbodiphosphorane-based nickel pincer complexes and their (de)protonated analogues: dimerisation, ligand tautomers and proton affinities. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10544-10552. [PMID: 29468238 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04930g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity patterns of carbodiphosphoranes (CDPs) as ligands are much less explored than those of isoelectronic analogues. In the current manuscript, we investigate the reactivity of the carbodiphosphorane-based PCP nickel(ii) pincer complex [({dppm}2C)NiCl]Cl (1) towards acids and bases, calculate proton affinities, analyse the bonding situation and tautomeric forms with the aim to evaluate whether CDPs can potentially act as cooperative ligands in catalysis (dppm = 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane). Our investigations show that different tautomeric forms are stable for the coordinated and the uncoordinated ligand. The protonated CDP-based complex 2 represents a rare example of a cationic donor group binding to a cationic metal centre. The continuous arm-deprotonation of 1 leads to the formation of remarkably stable dimers with Ni-C-P-C-metallacycles. In comparison to corresponding boron and amine-based ligands, the coordinated CDP-group exhibits the lowest proton affinity according to DFT calculations, indicating that coordinated CDP ligands can potentially serve as proton relay in cooperative catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Maser
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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Yang T, Andrada DM, Frenking G. Dative versus electron-sharing bonding in N-oxides and phosphane oxides R3EO and relative energies of the R2EOR isomers (E = N, P; R = H, F, Cl, Me, Ph). A theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11856-11866. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00951a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations using ab initio methods at the CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPP level and density functional theory using BP86 and M06-2X functionals in conjunction with def2-TZVPP basis sets have been carried out on the title molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- Marburg 35032
- Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- Marburg 35032
- Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- Marburg 35032
- Germany
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
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Đorđević N, Ganguly R, Petković M, Vidović D. E–H (E = B, Si, C) Bond Activation by Tuning Structural and Electronic Properties of Phosphenium Cations. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14671-14681. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Đorđević
- SPMS-CBC, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 638737
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- SPMS-CBC, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 638737
| | - Milena Petković
- Faculty
of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Dragoslav Vidović
- SPMS-CBC, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 638737
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Gruber M, Bauer W, Maid H, Schöll K, Tykwinski RR. Synthetic and NMR studies on hexaphenylcarbodiphosphorane (Ph3P C PPh3). Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Scharf LT, Gessner VH. Metalated Ylides: A New Class of Strong Donor Ligands with Unique Electronic Properties. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8599-8607. [PMID: 28240888 PMCID: PMC5549244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development and design of new ligand systems with special donor properties has been essential for crucial advances made in main-group-element and transition-metal chemistry over the years. This Forum Article focuses on metalated ylides as novel ligand systems. These anionic congeners of bisylides possess likewise two lone pairs of electrons at the central carbon atom and can thus function as X,L-type ligands with strong donor abilities. This article highlights recent efforts in the isolation and application of metalated ylides with a focus on work from this laboratory. We summarize structural and electronic properties and their use in organic synthesis as well as main-group-element and transition-metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart T. Scharf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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43
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Morosaki T, Iijima R, Suzuki T, Wang WW, Nagase S, Fujii T. Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Reactivities of Two-Sulfur-Stabilized Carbones Exhibiting Four-Electron Donor Ability. Chemistry 2017; 23:8694-8702. [PMID: 28337803 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bis(sulfane)carbon(0) (BSC; Ph2 S→C←SPh2 (1)) is successfully synthesized by deprotonation of the corresponding protonated salt 1⋅HTfO. The diprotonated salt 1⋅(HTfO)2 as the starting material can be also easily accessed by the deimination of iminosulfane(sulfane)carbon(0) (iSSC)⋅HBF4 . Density functional theory calculations revealed the peculiar electronic structure of 1, which has two lone pairs of electrons at the central carbon atom. The largest proton affinities (PA(1): 297.5 kcal mol-1 ; PA(2): 183.7 kcal mol-1 ) and the highest energy levels of the HOMOs (HOMO: -4.89 eV; HOMO-1: -5.02 eV) for 1 among the two-sulfur-stabilized carbones clearly indicate the strong donor ability of carbon center stabilized by two SII ligands. The donating ability of these lone pairs of electrons is demonstrated by the C-diaurated and C-proton-aurated complexes, which provide the first experimental evidence for two-sulfurstabilized carbones behaving as four-electron donors. Furthermore, the syntheses and application of AgI carbone complexes as carbone transfer agents are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Morosaki
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Chiba, 275-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Iijima
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Chiba, 275-8575, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Suzuki
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Chiba, 275-8575, Japan
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Fujii
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Chiba, 275-8575, Japan
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Troadec T, Wasano T, Lenk R, Baceiredo A, Saffon-Merceron N, Hashizume D, Saito Y, Nakata N, Branchadell V, Kato T. Donor-Stabilized Silylene/Phosphine-Supported Carbon(0) Center with High Electron Density. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Troadec
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Tatsuya Wasano
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Romaric Lenk
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 31062 Toulouse France
| | | | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Materials Characterization Support Unit; RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS); Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yosuke Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Departament; Saitama University; Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Norio Nakata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Departament; Saitama University; Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 31062 Toulouse France
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Troadec T, Wasano T, Lenk R, Baceiredo A, Saffon-Merceron N, Hashizume D, Saito Y, Nakata N, Branchadell V, Kato T. Donor-Stabilized Silylene/Phosphine-Supported Carbon(0) Center with High Electron Density. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6891-6895. [PMID: 28474846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An isolable donor-stabilized silavinylidene phosphorane was synthesized. This molecule, which can also be regarded as a new carbon(0) complex featuring a phosphine and a donor-stabilized silylene ligand, presents a central carbon atom with a remarkably high electron density (-1.82). Furthermore, the experimental electron-density study of this compound demonstrates the delocalization of the σ-lone pair at the central carbon atom toward the silicon center, a feature which is remarkably different from electronic situation of other bent-allene-type molecules. This result clearly demonstrates the powerful electron-donating ability of donor-stabilized silylene ligands, as well as their excellent electron-acceptor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Troadec
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Tatsuya Wasano
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Romaric Lenk
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, ICT FR2599, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Materials Characterization Support Unit, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yosuke Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Departament, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Norio Nakata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Departament, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 31062, Toulouse, France
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46
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Quinlivan PJ, Parkin G. Flexibility of the Carbodiphosphorane, (Ph3P)2C: Structural Characterization of a Linear Form. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5493-5497. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Quinlivan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Yogendra S, Hennersdorf F, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Fischer R, Weigand JJ. Carbodiphosphorane mediated synthesis of a triflyloxyphosphonium dication and its reactivity towards nucleophiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2954-2957. [PMID: 28229147 PMCID: PMC5433424 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00982h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A carbodiphosphorane ((Ph3P)2C) mediated synthesis of the first triflyloxyphosphonium dication (12+) bearing two electrophilic sites is presented. Depending on the nucleophile, 12+ reacts selectively either at the sulfur atom of the triflyloxy moiety or at the directly attached phosphorus atom. In substitution reactions at the phosphorus atom the triflyloxy moiety serves as a leaving group and enables the synthesis of rare examples of pseudo-halophosphonium dications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yogendra
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - F Hennersdorf
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - R Fischer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TU Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - J J Weigand
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Kubo K, Okitsu H, Miwa H, Kume S, Cavell RG, Mizuta T. Carbon(0)-Bridged Pt/Ag Dinuclear and Tetranuclear Complexes Based on a Cyclometalated Pincer Carbodiphosphorane Platform. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kubo
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okitsu
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Shoko Kume
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ronald G. Cavell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Tsutomu Mizuta
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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50
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Morosaki T, Fujii T. Recent Advances in Heteroatom-Stabilized Carbones and Their Metal Complexes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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