1
|
Jia G, Zhang Y, Yu JC, Guo Z. Asymmetric Atomic Dual-Sites for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403153. [PMID: 39039977 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Atomically dispersed active sites in a photocatalyst offer unique advantages such as locally tuned electronic structures, quantum size effects, and maximum utilization of atomic species. Among these, asymmetric atomic dual-sites are of particular interest because their asymmetric charge distribution generates a local built-in electric potential to enhance charge separation and transfer. Moreover, the dual sites provide flexibility for tuning complex multielectron and multireaction pathways, such as CO2 reduction reactions. The coordination of dual sites opens new possibilities for engineering the structure-activity-selectivity relationship. This comprehensive overview discusses efficient and sustainable photocatalysis processes in photocatalytic CO2 reduction, focusing on strategic active-site design and future challenges. It serves as a timely reference for the design and development of photocatalytic conversion processes, specifically exploring the utilization of asymmetric atomic dual-sites for complex photocatalytic conversion pathways, here exemplified by the conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangri Jia
- Department of Chemistry and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingchuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jimmy C Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee D, Molani F, Choe MS, Lee HS, Wee KR, Hwang S, Kim CH, Cho AE, Son HJ. Photocatalytic Conversion of CO 2 to Formate/CO by an (η 6- para-Cymene)Ru(II) Half-Metallocene Catalyst: Influence of Additives and TiO 2 Immobilization on the Catalytic Mechanism and Product Selectivity. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11506-11522. [PMID: 38856726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic efficacy of the monobipyridyl (η6-para-Cymene)Ru(II) half-metallocene, [(p-Cym)Ru(bpy)Cl]+ was evaluated in both mixed homogeneous (dye + catalyst) and heterogeneous hybrid systems (dye/TiO2/Catalyst) for photochemical CO2 reduction. A series of homogeneous photolysis experiments revealed that the (p-Cym)Ru(II) catalyst engages in two competitive routes for CO2 reduction (CO2 to formate conversion via RuII-hydride vs CO2 to CO conversion through a RuII-COOH intermediate). The conversion activity and product selectivity were notably impacted by the pKa value and the concentration of the proton source added. When a more acidic TEOA additive was introduced, the half-metallocene Ru(II) catalyst leaned toward producing formate through the RuII-H mechanism, with a formate selectivity of 86%. On the other hand, in homogeneous catalysis with TFE additive, the CO2-to-formate conversion through RuII-H was less effective, yielding a more efficient CO2-to-CO conversion with a selectivity of >80% (TONformate of 140 and TONCO of 626 over 48 h). The preference between the two pathways was elucidated through an electrochemical mechanistic study, monitoring the fate of the metal-hydride intermediate. Compared to the homogeneous system, the TiO2-heterogenized (p-Cym)Ru(II) catalyst demonstrated enhanced and enduring performance, attaining TONs of 1000 for CO2-to-CO and 665 for CO2-to-formate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daehan Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Farzad Molani
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Choe
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongpil Hwang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Art E Cho
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, She P, Xu Q, Tian F, Rao H, Qin JS, Bonin J, Robert M. Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Carbon Dioxide Reduction using a Bioinspired Nickel Molecular Catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301892. [PMID: 38324459 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by natural enzymes, this study presents a nickel-based molecular catalyst, [Ni‖(N2S2)]Cl2 (NiN2S2, N2S2=2,11-dithia[3,3](2,6)pyridinophane), for the photochemical catalytic reduction of CO2 under visible light. The catalyst was synthesized and characterized using various techniques, including liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), UV-Visible spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. The crystallographic analysis revealed a slightly distorted octahedral coordination geometry with a mononuclear Ni2+ cation, two nitrogen atoms and two sulfur atoms. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction experiments were performed in homogeneous conditions using the catalyst in combination with [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) as a photosensitizer and 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH) as a sacrificial electron donor. The catalyst achieved a high selectivity of 89 % towards CO and a remarkable turnover number (TON) of 7991 during 8 h of visible light irradiation under CO2 in the presence of phenol as a co-substrate. The turnover frequency (TOF) in the initial 6 h was 1079 h-1, with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 1.08 %. Controlled experiments confirmed the dependency on the catalyst, light, and sacrificial electron donor for the CO2 reduction process. These findings demonstrate this bioinspired nickel molecular catalyst could be effective for fast and efficient photochemical catalytic reduction of CO2 to CO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ping She
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fengkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Heng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Sheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Julien Bonin
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire (LEM), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marc Robert
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire (LEM), F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Goodwin MJ, Dickenson JC, Ripak A, Deetz AM, McCarthy JS, Meyer GJ, Troian-Gautier L. Factors that Impact Photochemical Cage Escape Yields. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7379-7464. [PMID: 38743869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of visible light to mediate chemical reactions in fluid solutions has applications that range from solar fuel production to medicine and organic synthesis. These reactions are typically initiated by electron transfer between a photoexcited dye molecule (a photosensitizer) and a redox-active quencher to yield radical pairs that are intimately associated within a solvent cage. Many of these radicals undergo rapid thermodynamically favored "geminate" recombination and do not diffuse out of the solvent cage that surrounds them. Those that do escape the cage are useful reagents that may undergo subsequent reactions important to the above-mentioned applications. The cage escape process and the factors that determine the yields remain poorly understood despite decades of research motivated by their practical and fundamental importance. Herein, state-of-the-art research on light-induced electron transfer and cage escape that has appeared since the seminal 1972 review by J. P. Lorand entitled "The Cage Effect" is reviewed. This review also provides some background for those new to the field and discusses the cage escape process of both homolytic bond photodissociation and bimolecular light induced electron transfer reactions. The review concludes with some key goals and directions for future research that promise to elevate this very vibrant field to even greater heights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John C Dickenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexia Ripak
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexander M Deetz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jackson S McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Wel Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han WK, Li J, Zhu RM, Wei M, Xia SK, Fu JX, Zhang J, Pang H, Li MD, Gu ZG. Photosensitizing metal covalent organic framework with fast charge transfer dynamics for efficient CO 2 photoreduction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8422-8429. [PMID: 38846403 PMCID: PMC11151834 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01896f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Designing artificial photocatalysts for CO2 reduction is challenging, mainly due to the intrinsic difficulty of making multiple functional units cooperate efficiently. Herein, three-dimensional metal covalent organic frameworks (3D MCOFs) were employed as an innovative platform to integrate a strong Ru(ii) light-harvesting unit, an active Re(i) catalytic center, and an efficient charge separation configuration for photocatalysis. The photosensitive moiety was precisely stabilized into the covalent skeleton by using a rational-designed Ru(ii) complex as one of the building units, while the Re(i) center was linked via a shared bridging ligand with an Ru(ii) center, opening an effective pathway for their electronic interaction. Remarkably, the as-synthesized MCOF exhibited impressive CO2 photoreduction activity with a CO generation rate as high as 1840 μmol g-1 h-1 and 97.7% selectivity. The femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations uncovered the fast charge-transfer dynamics occurring between the photoactive and catalytic centers, providing a comprehensive understanding of the photocatalytic mechanism. This work offers in-depth insight into the design of MCOF-based photocatalysts for solar energy utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Kang Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jiayu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Ruo-Meng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Shu-Kun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jia-Xing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Zhi-Guo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuramochi Y, Hashimoto M, Satake A. Methane Formation Induced via Face-to-Face Orientation of Cyclic Fe Porphyrin Dimer in Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. Molecules 2024; 29:2453. [PMID: 38893329 PMCID: PMC11174001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron porphyrins are known to provide CH4 as an eight-electron reduction product of CO2 in a photochemical reaction. However, there are still some aspects of the reaction mechanism that remain unclear. In this study, we synthesized iron porphyrin dimers and carried out the photochemical CO2 reduction reactions in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) containing a photosensitizer in the presence of 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH) as an electron donor. We found that, despite a low catalytic turnover number, CH4 was produced only when these porphyrins were facing each other. The close proximity of the cyclic dimers, distinguishing them from a linear Fe porphyrin dimer and monomers, induced multi-electron CO2 reduction, emphasizing the unique role of their structural arrangement in CH4 formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kuramochi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8621, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8621, Japan
| | - Masaya Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8621, Japan
| | - Akiharu Satake
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8621, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8621, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dong M, Pan Q, Meng F, Yao X, You S, Shan G, Sun C, Wang X, Su Z. Trinuclear Cu-based covalent organic framework: π-conjugated framework regulating electron delocalization to promote photoreduction CO 2. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:807-813. [PMID: 38382365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Sunlight-driven CO2 reduction to value-added chemicals is an effective strategy to promote carbon recycling. The exploration of catalysts with efficient charge separation is crucially important for highly efficient CO2 photoreduction. In this work, the preparation of metal-cluster-based covalent organic framework (CuABD) integrated features from both metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) through the condensation of diamines and functionalized trinuclear copper clusters demonstrate a thoughtful design strategy. The reported yield of 1.3 mmol g-1 h-1 for formic acid (HCOOH) under simulated solar irradiation is impressive, surpassing the performance of many COF- and MOF-based catalysts previously reported. Compared to its isomorphic metal-free structure (named BDFTD) and bare trinuclear Cu cluster which present extremely poor catalytic activities, CuABD displays remarkably enhanced CO2 reduction activity. Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the efficient charge transfer between diamine monomer and cyclic trinuclear copper (I) units, and the electron delocalization of the π-conjugated framework are responsible for the appealing catalytic performance. In summary, the work presents a well-structured and scientifically sound exploration of a metal-cluster-based covalent organic framework for efficient CO2 reduction under sunlight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Dong
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China
| | - Qingqing Pan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Fanfei Meng
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China
| | - Siqi You
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China
| | - Guogang Shan
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China.
| | - Chunyi Sun
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China.
| | - Xinlong Wang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China.
| | - Zhongmin Su
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang S, Morita Y, Nakamura Y, Iwasawa N, Takaya J. Tuning Photoredox Catalysis of Ruthenium with Palladium: Synthesis of Heterobimetallic Ru-Pd Complexes That Enable Efficient Photochemical Reduction of CO 2. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12288-12293. [PMID: 38651835 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
New Ru-Pd heterobimetallic complexes were synthesized and structurally characterized utilizing 6,6″-bis(phosphino)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine as a scaffold for the metal-metal bond. The dicationic Ru-Pd complex was found to exhibit high catalytic activity as a photocatalyst for photochemical reduction of CO2 to CO under visible light irradiation. This study established a new design of transition metal catalysts that tune photoredox catalysis with metalloligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siteng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yuto Morita
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Jun Takaya
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Material Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Parra-Marfil A, Ocampo-Pérez R, Aguilar-Madera CG, Carrasco-Marín F, Pérez-Cadenas AF, Bueno-López A, Bailón-García E. Modeling and experimental analysis of CO 2 methanation reaction using Ni/CeO 2 monolithic catalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:32766-32783. [PMID: 38662292 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of the cell density of monolithic catalysts was investigated and further mathematically modeled on cordierite supports used in CO2 methanation. Commercial cordierite monoliths with 200, 400, and 500 cpsi cell densities were coated by immersion into an ethanolic suspension of Ni/CeO2 active phase. SEM-EDS analysis confirmed that, owing to the low porosity of cordierite (surface area < 1 m2 g-1), the Ni/CeO2 diffusion into the walls was limited, especially in the case of low and intermediate cell density monoliths; thus, active phase was predominantly loaded onto the channels' external surface. Nevertheless, despite the larger exposed surface area in the monolith with high cell density, which would allow for better distribution and accessibility of Ni/CeO2, its higher macro-pore volume resulted in some introduction of the active phase into the walls. As a result, the catalytic evaluation showed that it was more influenced by increments in volumetric flow rates. The low cell density monolith displayed diffusional control at flow rates below 500 mL min-1. In contrast, intermediate and high cell density monoliths presented this behavior up to 300 mL min-1. These findings suggest that the interaction reactants-catalyst is considerably more affected by a forced non-uniform flow when increasing the injection rate. This condition reduced the transport of reactants and products within the catalyst channels and, in turn, increased the minimum temperature required for the reaction. Moreover, a slight diminution of selectivity to CH4 was observed and ascribed to the possible formation of hot spots that activate the reverse water-gas shift reaction. Finally, a mathematical model based on fundamental momentum and mass transfer equations coupled with the kinetics of CO2 methanation was successfully derived and solved to analyze the fluid dynamics of the monolithic support. The results showed a radial profile with maximum fluid velocity located at the center of the channel. A reactive zone close to the inlet was obtained, and maximum methane production (4.5 mol m-3) throughout the monolith was attained at 350 °C. Then, linear streamlines of the chemical species were developed along the channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Parra-Marfil
- Materiales Polifuncionales Basados en Carbono (UGR-Carbon), Dpto. Química Inorgánica - Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada (UEQ-UGR), 18071, Granada, ES, Spain
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado (CIEP), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (FCQ-UASLP), 78260, San Luis Potosí, MX, Mexico
| | - Raúl Ocampo-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado (CIEP), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (FCQ-UASLP), 78260, San Luis Potosí, MX, Mexico
| | - Carlos Gilberto Aguilar-Madera
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Tierra, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Carretera a Cerro Prieto Km. 8 Ex Hacienda de Guadalupe, 67700, Linares, MX, Mexico
| | - Francisco Carrasco-Marín
- Materiales Polifuncionales Basados en Carbono (UGR-Carbon), Dpto. Química Inorgánica - Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada (UEQ-UGR), 18071, Granada, ES, Spain
| | - Agustín Francisco Pérez-Cadenas
- Materiales Polifuncionales Basados en Carbono (UGR-Carbon), Dpto. Química Inorgánica - Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada (UEQ-UGR), 18071, Granada, ES, Spain
| | - Agustín Bueno-López
- Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante (UA), 03080, Alicante, ES, Spain
| | - Esther Bailón-García
- Materiales Polifuncionales Basados en Carbono (UGR-Carbon), Dpto. Química Inorgánica - Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada (UEQ-UGR), 18071, Granada, ES, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Müller AV, Ahmad S, Sirlin JT, Ertem MZ, Polyansky DE, Grills DC, Meyer GJ, Sampaio RN, Concepcion JJ. Reduction of CO to Methanol with Recyclable Organic Hydrides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10524-10536. [PMID: 38507247 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The reaction steps for the selective conversion of a transition metal carbonyl complex to a hydroxymethyl complex that releases methanol upon irradiation with visible light have been successfully quantified in acetonitrile solution with dihydrobenzimidazole organic hydride reductants. Dihydrobenzimidazole reductants have been shown to be inactive toward H2 generation in the presence of a wide range of proton sources and have been regenerated electrochemically or photochemically. Specifically, the reaction of cis-[Ru(bpy)2(CO)2]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) with one equivalent of a dihydrobenzimidazole quantitatively yields a formyl complex, cis-[Ru(bpy)2(CO)(CHO)]+, and the corresponding benzimidazolium on a seconds time scale. Kinetic experiments revealed a first-order dependence on the benzimidazole hydride concentration and an unusually large kinetic isotope effect, inconsistent with direct hydride transfer and more likely to occur by an electron transfer-proton-coupled electron transfer (EΤ-PCET) or related mechanism. Further reduction/protonation of cis-[Ru(bpy)2(CO)(CHO)]+ with two equivalents of the organic hydride yields the hydroxymethyl complex cis-[Ru(bpy)2(CO)(CH2OH)]+. Visible light excitation of cis-[Ru(bpy)2(CO)(CH2OH)]+ in the presence of excess organic hydride was shown to yield free methanol. Identification and quantification of methanol as the sole CO reduction product was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The high selectivity and mild reaction conditions suggest a viable approach for methanol production from CO, and from CO2 through cascade catalysis, with renewable organic hydrides that bear similarities to Nature's NADPH/NADP+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa V Müller
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Jake T Sirlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mehmed Z Ertem
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Dmitry E Polyansky
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - David C Grills
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Renato N Sampaio
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsipis AC, Sarantou AA. Photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 to CO by Ru(II) and Os(II) octahedral complexes: a DFT/TDDFT study. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6791-6801. [PMID: 38535991 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00125g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The reaction mechanisms of the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO catalyzed by [(en)M(CO)3Cl] complexes (M = Ru, Os, en = ethylenediamine) in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA), R3N (R = -CH2CH2OH), in DCM and DMF solvents, were studied by means of DFT/TDDFT electronic structure calculations. The geometric and free energy reaction profiles for two possible reaction pathways were calculated. Both reaction pathways studied, start with the 17e-, catalytically active intermediate, [(en)M(CO)3]˙+ generated from the first triplet excited state, T1 upon reductive quenching by TEOA which acts as a sacrificial electron donor. In the first possible pathway, TEOA- anion binds to the metal center of the catalytically active intermediate, [(en)M(CO)3]˙+ followed by CO2 insertion into the M-OCH2CH2NR2 bond. The latter upon successive protonations releases a metal 'free' [R2NCH2CH2OC(O)(OH)] intermediate which starts a new and final catalytic cycle, leading to the formation of CO and H2O while regenarating TEOA. In the second possible pathway, the 17e-, catalytically active intermediate, [(en)M(CO)3]˙+ captures CO2 molecule, forming an η1-CO2 complex. Upon 2H+/2e- successive protonations and reductions, CO product is obtained along with regenarating the catalytically active intermediate [(en)M(CO)3]˙+. The nature of the proton donor affects the reaction profiles of both mechanisms. The nature of the solvent does not affect significantly the reaction mechanisms under study. Finally, since photoexcitation and T1 reductive quenching are common to both pathways, we have srutinized the photophysical properties of the [(en)M(CO)3Cl] complexes along with their T1 excited states reduction potentials, . The [(en)M(CO)3Cl] complexes absorb mainly in the UV region while the absolute are in the range 6.4-0.9 eV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios C Tsipis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece.
| | - Antonia A Sarantou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Palion-Gazda J, Choroba K, Maroń AM, Malicka E, Machura B. Structural and Photophysical Trends in Rhenium(I) Carbonyl Complexes with 2,2':6',2″-Terpyridines. Molecules 2024; 29:1631. [PMID: 38611910 PMCID: PMC11013590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive review of rhenium(I) carbonyl complexes with 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine-based ligands (R-terpy)-encompassing their synthesis, molecular features, photophysical behavior, and potential applications. Particular attention has been devoted to demonstrating how the coordination mode of 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (terpy-κ2N and terpy-κ3N), structural modifications of terpy framework (R), and the nature of ancillary ligands (X-mono-negative anion, L-neutral ligand) may tune the photophysical behavior of Re(I) complexes [Re(X/L)(CO)3(R-terpy-κ2N)]0/+ and [Re(X/L)(CO)2(R-terpy-κ3N)]0/+. Our discussion also includes homo- and heteronuclear multicomponent systems with {Re(CO)3(R-terpy-κ2N)} and {Re(CO)2(R-terpy-κ3N)} motifs. The presented structure-property relationships are of high importance for controlling the photoinduced processes in these systems and making further progress in the development of more efficient Re-based luminophores, photosensitizers, and photocatalysts for modern technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Palion-Gazda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (K.C.); (A.M.M.); (E.M.)
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (K.C.); (A.M.M.); (E.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kamogawa K, Kato Y, Tamaki Y, Noguchi T, Nozaki K, Nakagawa T, Ishitani O. Overall reaction mechanism of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction on a Re(i)-complex catalyst unit of a Ru(ii)-Re(i) supramolecular photocatalyst. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2074-2088. [PMID: 38332814 PMCID: PMC10848666 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhenium(i) complexes fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)3(L)]n+ are mostly used and evaluated as photocatalysts and catalysts in both photochemical and electrochemical systems for CO2 reduction. However, the selective reduction mechanism of CO2 to CO is unclear, although numerous mechanistic studies have been reported. A Ru(ii)-Re(i) supramolecular photocatalyst with fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)3{OC(O)OCH2CH2NR2}] (R = C2H4OH) as a catalyst unit (RuC2Re) exhibits very high efficiency, selectivity, and durability of CO formation in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions. In this work, the reaction mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 reduction using RuC2Re is fully clarified. Time-resolved IR (TR-IR) measurements using rapid-scan FT-IR spectroscopy with laser flash photolysis verify the formation of RuC2Re(COOH) with a carboxylic acid unit, i.e., fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)3(COOH)], in the photocatalytic reaction solution. Additionally, this important intermediate is detected in an actual photocatalytic reaction using steady state irradiation. Kinetics analysis of the TR-IR spectra and DFT calculations demonstrated the reaction mechanism of the conversion of the one-electron reduced species of RuC2Re with a fac-[ReI(diimine˙-)(CO)3{OC(O)OCH2CH2NR2}]- unit, which was produced via the photochemical reduction of RuC2Re by 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH), to RuC2Re(COOH). The kinetics of the recovery processes of the starting complex RuC2Re from RuC2Re(COOH) accompanying the release of CO and OH- was also clarified. As a side reaction of RuC2Re(COOH), a long-lived carboxylate-ester complex with a fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)3(COOC2H4NR2)] unit, which was produced by the nucleophilic attack of TEOA to one of the carbonyl ligands of RuC2Re(CO) with a fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)4]+ unit, was formed during the photocatalytic reaction. This complex works not only as a precursor in another minor CO formation process but also as an external photosensitiser that photochemically reduces the other complexes i.e., RuC2Re, RuC2Re(COOH), and the intermediate that is reductively converted to RuC2Re(COOH).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kamogawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Kato
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Koichi Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduated School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama 3190, Gofuku, Toya-ma-shi Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakagawa
- UNISOKU Co., Ltd 2-4-3 Kasugano, Hirakata Osaka 573-0131 Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739 8526 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mita H, Hattori S, Sasaki T, Takamizawa S, Shinozaki K. Assembling of a Water-Soluble N^C^N-Coordinated Pt(II) Complex Aggregate Assisted by Carbon Dioxide in Basic Aqueous Solution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301174. [PMID: 37789638 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
We report an unprecedented result of self-aggregation of [Pt(L1 )Cl] (HL1 =1,3-di(5-carboxy-2-pyridyl)benzene) triggered by CO2 in basic aqueous solution. The color of basic aqueous solution containing [Pt(L1 )Cl] changes from yellow to blue-green during the aggregation resulted from a reaction with CO2 in air. Upon CO2 gas bubbling, strong and broad absorption bands of aggregate assigned to the metal-metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transition appeared at 701 and 1152 nm. Recrystallization of [Pt(L1 )Cl] from Na2 CO3 aqueous solution afforded polymorphic crystals of red and blue-green forms. A single X-ray crystallography revealed that the red form of crystal consists of a Pt-Pt stacked dimer bridged by CO3 2- ion and one of the carboxy groups of L1 is deprotonated. An elemental analysis provided evidence that the blue-green crystal is constructed by linear array consisting of the [Pt(L2 )(CO3 )]3- (HL2 =1,3-di(5-carboxylate-2-pyridyl)benzene) units. The formation process of blue-green aggregate in aqueous solution was monitored through a transient absorption spectrum, and the absorption of aggregates involved in the spectral change were examined by a global analysis. A singular value decomposition and kinetic analysis provide that there are four species resulted from the self-assembling reaction in the solution and the maximal degree of aggregation is at least 32-mer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mita
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Shingo Hattori
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takamizawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Silva GN, Faustino LA, Nascimento LL, Lopes OF, Patrocinio AOT. Visible light-driven CO2 photoreduction by a Re(I) complex immobilized onto CuO/Nb2O5 heterojunctions. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:034701. [PMID: 38226823 DOI: 10.1063/5.0178945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The immobilization of Re(I) complexes onto metal oxide surfaces presents an elegant strategy to enhance their stability and reusability toward photocatalytic CO2 reduction. In this study, the photocatalytic performance of fac-[ClRe(CO)3(dcbH2)], where dcbH2 = 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine, anchored onto the surface of 1%m/m CuO/Nb2O5 was investigated. Following adsorption, the turnover number for CO production (TONCO) in DMF/TEOA increased significantly, from ten in solution to 370 under visible light irradiation, surpassing the TONCO observed for the complex onto pristine Nb2O5 or CuO surfaces. The CuO/Nb2O5 heterostructure allows for efficient electron injection by the Re(I) center, promoting efficient charge separation. At same time CuO clusters introduce a new absorption band above 550 nm that contributes for the photoreduction of the reaction intermediates, leading to a more efficient CO evolution and minimization of side reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N Silva
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, LAFOT-CM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Faustino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, LAFOT-CM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas L Nascimento
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, LAFOT-CM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Osmando F Lopes
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, LAFOT-CM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Otavio T Patrocinio
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, LAFOT-CM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sarantou A, Tsipis A. Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 into CO with Cyclometalated Pt(II) Complexes of N^C^N Pincer Dipyridylbenzene Ligands: A DFT Study. Molecules 2024; 29:403. [PMID: 38257316 PMCID: PMC10820273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to study the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into CO using a series of Pt(II) square planar complexes with the general formula [Pt(5-R-dpb)Cl] (dpb = 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene anion, R = H, N,N-dimethylaniline,T thiophene, diazaborinine). The CO2-into-CO conversion process is thought to proceed via two main steps, namely the photocatalytic/reduction step and the main catalytic step. The simulated absorption spectra exhibit strong bands in the range 280-460 nm of the UV-Vis region. Reductive quenching of the T1 state of the complexes under study is expected to be favorable since the calculated excited state redox potentials for the reaction with sacrificial electron donors are highly positive. The redox potentials reveal that the reductive quenching of the T1 state, important to the overall process, could be modulated by suitable changes in the N^C^N pincer ligands. The CO2 fixation and activation by the three coordinated Pt(II) catalytically active species are predicted to be favorable, with the Pt-CO2 bond dissociation energies D0 in the range of -36.9--10.3 kcal/mol. The nature of the Pt-CO2 bond of the Pt(II) square planar intermediates is complex, with covalent, hyperconjugative and H-bonding interactions prevailing over the repulsive electrostatic interactions. The main catalytic cycle is estimated to be a favorable exergonic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Athanassios Tsipis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang YQ, Zhang Y, Zeng G, Liao RZ, Li M. Mechanism of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction to HCO 2H by a robust multifunctional iridium complex. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:684-698. [PMID: 38078488 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03329e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The tetradentate PNNP-type IrIII complex Mes-IrPCY2 ([Cl-IrIII-H]+) is reported to be an efficient catalyst for the reduction of CO2 to formate with excellent selectivity under visible light irradiation. Density functional calculations have been carried out to elucidate the mechanism and the origin of selectivity in the present work. Calculations suggest that the double-reduced complex 1-H (1[IrI-H]0) demonstrates higher activity than the single-reduced complex 2-H (2[IrIII(L˙-)-H]+), possibly owing to the higher hydride donor ability of the former compared to the latter; thus 1-H functions as the active species in the overall CO2 reduction reaction. In the HCOO- formation pathway, the hydride of 1-H performs a nucleophilic attack on CO2via an outer-sphere fashion to generate species 1-OCHO (1[IrI-OCHO]0), which then releases HCOO- to produce an IrI intermediate. A subsequent protonation and chloride coordination of the Ir center leads to the regeneration of catalyst 1[Cl-IrIII-H]+. For the CO production, a nucleophilic attack on CO2 takes place by the Ir atom of 1-Hvia an inner-sphere manner to afford complex O2C-3-H (1[O2C-IrIII-H]0), followed by a two-proton-one-electron reduction to furnish the OC-2-H complex (2[OC-IrIII(L˙-)-H]+) after liberating a H2O. Ultimately, CO is released to form 2-H. The stronger nucleophilicity as well as smaller steric hindrance of the hydride than the Ir atom of the active species 1-H (1[IrI-H]0) is found to account for the favoring of formate formation over CO formation. Meanwhile, the CO2 reduction reaction is calculated to be preferred over the hydrogen evolution reaction, and this is consistent with the experimental product distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Guoping Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jennings M, Cuéllar E, Rojo A, Ferrero S, García-Herbosa G, Nganga J, Angeles-Boza AM, Martín-Alvarez JM, Miguel D, Villafañe F. 1,2-Azolylamidino ruthenium(II) complexes with DMSO ligands: electro- and photocatalysts for CO 2 reduction. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16974-16983. [PMID: 37933188 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01122d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
New 1,2-azolylamidino complexes fac-[RuCl(DMSO)3(NHC(R)az*-κ2N,N)]OTf [R = Me (2), Ph (3); az* = pz (pyrazolyl, a), indz (indazolyl, b)] are synthesized via chloride abstraction from their corresponding precursors cis,fac-[RuCl2(DMSO)3(az*H)] (1) after subsequent base-catalyzed coupling of the appropriate nitrile with the 1,2-azole previously coordinated. All the compounds are characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. Those derived from MeCN are also characterized by X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical studies showed several reduction waves in the range of -1.5 to -3 V. The electrochemical behavior in CO2 media is consistent with CO2 electrocatalytic reduction. The catalytic activity expressed as [icat(CO2)/ip(Ar)] ranged from 1.7 to 3.7 for the 1,2-azolylamidino complexes at voltages of ca. -2.7 to -3 V vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium. Controlled potential electrolysis showed rapid decomposition of the Ru catalysts. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction experiments using compounds 1b, 2b and 3b carried out in a CO2-saturated MeCN/TEOA (4 : 1 v/v) solution containing a mixture of the catalyst and [Ru(bipy)3]2+ as the photosensitizer under continuous irradiation (light intensity of 150 mW cm-2 at 25 °C, λ > 300 nm) show that compounds 1b, 2b and 3b allowed CO2 reduction catalysis, producing CO and trace amounts of formate. The combined turnover number for the production of formate and CO is ca. 100 after 8 h and follows the order 1b < 2b ≈ 3b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murphy Jennings
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Elena Cuéllar
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Ariadna Rojo
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Ferrero
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Gabriel García-Herbosa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - John Nganga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alfredo M Angeles-Boza
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jose M Martín-Alvarez
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Villafañe
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moradian S, Badiei A, Mohammadi Ziarani G, Mohajer F, Varma RS, Iravani S. Black Phosphorus-based Photocatalysts: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116910. [PMID: 37597834 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is considered as an eco-friendly and sustainable strategy, since it uses abundant light for the advancement of the reaction, which is freely accessible and is devoid of environmental pollution. During the last decades, (nano)photocatalysts have gained broad industrial applications in terms of purification and detoxification of water as well as production of green fuels and hydrogen gas due to their special attributes. The degradation or remediation of toxic and hazardous compounds from the environment or changing them into non-toxic entities is a significant endeavor and necessary for the safety of humans, animals, and the environment. Black phosphorus (BP), a two-dimensional single-element material, has a marvelous structure, tunable bandgap, changeable morphology from bulk to nanosheet/quantum dot, and unique physicochemical properties, which makes it attractive material for photocatalytic applications, especially for sustainable development purposes. Since it can serve as a photocatalyst with or without coupling with other semiconductors, various aspects for multidimensional exploitation of BP are deliberated including their preparation via solvothermal, ball milling, calcination, and sonication methods to obtain BP from red phosphorus. The techniques for improving the photocatalytic and stability of BP-based composites are discussed along with their multifaceted applications for environmental remediation, pollution degradation, water splitting, N2 fixation, CO2 reduction, bacterial disinfection, H2 generation, and photodynamic therapy. Herein, most recent advancements pertaining to the photocatalytic applications of BP-based photocatalyst are cogitated, with a focus on their synthesis and properties as well as crucial challenges and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Moradian
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ishizuka T, Hosokawa A, Kawanishi T, Kotani H, Zhi Y, Kojima T. Self-Photosensitizing Dinuclear Ruthenium Catalyst for CO 2 Reduction to CO. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23196-23204. [PMID: 37831634 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The promise of artificial photosynthesis to solve environmental and energy issues such as global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels has inspired intensive research into photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction to produce value-added chemicals such as CO and CH3OH. Among the photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction, self-photosensitizing catalysts, bearing the functions of both photosensitization and catalysis, have attracted considerable attention recently, as such catalysts do not depend on the efficiency of electron transfer from the photosensitizer to the catalyst. Here, we have synthesized and characterized a dinuclear RuII complex bearing two molecules of a tripodal hexadentate ligand as chelating and linking ligands by X-ray crystallography to establish the structure explicitly and have used various spectroscopic and electrochemical methods to elucidate the photoredox characteristics. The dinuclear complex has been revealed to act as a self-photosensitizing catalyst, which acts not only as a photosensitizer but also as a catalyst for CO2 reduction. The dinuclear RuII complex is highly durable and performs efficient and selective CO2 reduction to produce CO with a turnover number of 2400 for 26 h. The quantum yield of the CO formation is also very high─19.7%─and the catalysis is efficient, even at a low concentration (∼1.5%) of CO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hosokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takuya Kawanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yipeng Zhi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ertl M, Monkowius U, Oppelt KT. Unexpected Redox Chemistry of P∩N- and As∩N-Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes in the Presence of CO 2 Acting as an Acid. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17510-17521. [PMID: 37800962 PMCID: PMC10598882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on Re tricarbonyl complexes bearing 8-(diphenylphosphanyl)quinoline, P∩N, and 8-(diphenylarsanyl)quinoline, As∩N, as bidendate ligands. We studied the reactivity of these complexes in comparison with fac-Re(N∩N)(CO)3Cl (with N∩N = 2,2'-bipyridine or 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine). We used a combination of electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods with time-resolved spectroscopy over 10 orders of magnitude (100 ps-1 s) to investigate the peculiar reactivity of one-electron-reduced Re(CO)3(P∩N)Cl and Re(CO)3(As∩N)Cl complexes also in the presence of protons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ertl
- Linz
School of Education—Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- Linz
School of Education—Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Kerstin T. Oppelt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kuramochi Y, Suzuki Y, Asai S, Suzuki T, Iwama H, Asano MS, Satake A. Significance of the connecting position between Zn(ii) porphyrin and Re(i) bipyridine tricarbonyl complex units in dyads for room-temperature phosphorescence and photocatalytic CO 2 reduction: unexpected enhancement by triethanolamine in catalytic activity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8743-8765. [PMID: 37621430 PMCID: PMC10445468 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02430j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesized three new dyads composed of a Zn porphyrin and fac-Re(bpy)(CO)3Br (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) units, ZnP-nBpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr (n = 4, 5, and 6), in which the porphyrin is directly connected at the meso-position through the 4-, 5-, or 6-position of the bpy. We investigated the relationships between the connecting positions and the photophysical properties as well as catalytic activity in the CO2 reduction reaction. The dyad connected through the 6-position, ZnP-6Bpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr, showed obvious phosphorescence with a lifetime of 280 μs at room temperature, in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), whereas the other two dyads showed almost no phosphorescence under the same conditions. The photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions in DMA using 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole as the electron donor and the three dyads ZnP-nBpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr selectively produced CO with similar initial rates, but the durabilities were low. The addition of triethanolamine (TEOA) suppressed the decomposition of dyads, improving their durabilities and reaction efficiencies. In particular, ZnP-5Bpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr was remarkably improved-it gave the highest durability and reaction efficiency among the three dyads; the reaction quantum yield reached 24%. The reason for this significant activity is no accumulation of electrons on the Zn porphyrin in ZnP-5Bpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr, which would be caused by dual interactions of TEOA with the Re and Zn ions in the dyad. As the highest catalytic activity was observed in ZnP-5Bpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr among the three dyads, which had no room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), the catalytic activities and RTP properties are considered independent, but they are greatly influenced by the connecting positions on the bpy ligand in ZnP-nBpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kuramochi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8621 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8621 Japan
| | - Yuto Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8621 Japan
| | - Somyo Asai
- Division of Molecular Science, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho Kiryu Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Science, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho Kiryu Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division I, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8621 Japan
| | - Motoko S Asano
- Division of Molecular Science, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho Kiryu Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Akiharu Satake
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8621 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8621 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Karmakar S, Barman S, Rahimi FA, Rambabu D, Nath S, Maji TK. Confining charge-transfer complex in a metal-organic framework for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction in water. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4508. [PMID: 37495574 PMCID: PMC10371996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the quest for renewable fuel production, the selective conversion of CO2 to CH4 under visible light in water is a leading-edge challenge considering the involvement of kinetically sluggish multiple elementary steps. Herein, 1-pyrenebutyric acid is post-synthetically grafted in a defect-engineered Zr-based metal organic framework by replacing exchangeable formate. Then, methyl viologen is incorporated in the confined space of post-modified MOF to achieve donor-acceptor complex, which acts as an antenna to harvest visible light, and regulates electron transfer to the catalytic center (Zr-oxo cluster) to enable visible-light-driven CO2 reduction reaction. The proximal presence of the charge transfer complex enhances charge transfer kinetics as realized from transient absorption spectroscopy, and the facile electron transfer helps to produce CH4 from CO2. The reported material produces 7.3 mmol g-1 of CH4 under light irradiation in aqueous medium using sacrificial agents. Mechanistic information gleans from electron paramagnetic resonance, in situ diffuse reflectance FT-IR and density functional theory calculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Karmakar
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Material Unit (CPMU), School of Advance Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Soumitra Barman
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Material Unit (CPMU), School of Advance Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Faruk Ahamed Rahimi
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Material Unit (CPMU), School of Advance Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Darsi Rambabu
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Material Unit (CPMU), School of Advance Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Sukhendu Nath
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Section, Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maji
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Material Unit (CPMU), School of Advance Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Santoro A, Cancelliere AM, Kamogawa K, Serroni S, Puntoriero F, Tamaki Y, Campagna S, Ishitani O. Photocatalyzed CO 2 reduction to CO by supramolecular photocatalysts made of Ru(II) photosensitizers and Re(I) catalytic subunits containing preformed CO 2TEOA adducts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11320. [PMID: 37443197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new supramolecular photocatalysts containing Ru(II) polypyridine units as light-harvesting photosensitizers and Re(I) polypyridine subunits as catalytic centers have been prepared. The new species, RuRe2A and Ru2ReA, contain catalytic Re(I) subunits coordinated by the preformed CO2TEOA adduct (known to be the effective catalytic subunits; TEOA is triethanolamine) and exhibit quite efficient and selective photoreduction of CO2 to CO, with outstanding TONs of 2368 and 2695 and a selectivity of 99.9% and 98.9%, respectively. Such photocatalytic properties are significantly improved with respect to those of previously studied RuRe2 and Ru2Re parent compounds, containing chloride ligands instead of the CO2TEOA adduct. Comparison between photocatalytic performance of the new species and their parent compounds allows to investigate the effect of the CO2TEOA insertion process as well as the eventual effect of the presence of chloride ions in solution on the photocatalytic processes. The improved photocatalytic properties of RuRe2A and Ru2ReA compared with their parent species are attributed to a combined effect of different distribution of the one-electron reduced form of the supramolecular photocatalysts on the Ru-subunit(s) (leading to decreased CO formation due to a poisoning ligand loss process) and on the Re-subunit(s) and to the presence of chloride ions in solution for RuRe2 and Ru2Re, which could interfere with the CO2TEOA adduct formation, a needed requisite for CO forming catalysis. These results strongly indicate the utility of preparing supramolecular photocatalysts containing preformed adducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Santoro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (Solar Chem, Messina Node), V. F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Ambra M Cancelliere
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (Solar Chem, Messina Node), V. F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Kei Kamogawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Scolastica Serroni
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (Solar Chem, Messina Node), V. F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (Solar Chem, Messina Node), V. F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, Department of Materials and Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (Solar Chem, Messina Node), V. F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739 8526, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee D, Choe MS, Lee HJ, Shin JY, Kim CH, Son HJ, Kang SO. Accumulative Charge Separation in a Modular Quaterpyridine Bridging Ligand Platform and Multielectron Transfer Photocatalysis of π-Linked Dinuclear Ir(III)-Re(I) Complex for CO 2 Reduction. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37220663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Four sterically distorted quaterpyridyl (qpy) ligand-bridged Ir(III)-Re(I) heterometallic complexes (Ir-qpymm-Re, Ir-qpymp-Re, Ir-qpypm-Re, and Ir-qpypp-Re), in which the position of the coupling pyridine unit of the two 2,2'-bipyridine ligands was varied (meta (m)- or para (p)-position), pypyx-pyxpy (x = m and m, qpymm; x = m and p, qpymp; x = p and m, qpypm; x = p and p, qpypp), were prepared, along with the fully π-conjugated Ir(III)-[π linker]-Re(I) complexes (π linker = 2,2'-bipyrimidine (bpm), Ir-bpm-Re; π linker = 2,5-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine (dpp), Ir-dpp-Re) to elucidate the electron mediating and accumulative charge separation properties of the bridging π-linker in a bimetallic system (photosensitizer-π linker-catalytic center). From the photophysical and electrochemical studies, it was found that the quaterpyridyl (qpy) bridging ligand (BL), in which the two planar Ir/Re metalated bipyridine (bpy) ligands were connected but slightly canted relative to each other, linking the heteroleptic Ir(III) photosensitizer, [(piqC^N)2IrIII(bpy)]+, and catalytic Re(I) complex, (bpy)ReI(CO)3Cl, minimized the energy lowering of the qpy BL, which hampers the forward photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process from [(piqC^N)2IrIII(N^N)]+ to (N^N)ReI(CO)3Cl (Ered1 = -(0.85-0.93) V and Ered2 = -(1.15-1.30) V vs SCE). This result contrasts with the fully π-delocalized bimetallic systems (Ir-bpm-Re and Ir-dpp-Re) that show a significant energy reduction due to the considerable π-extension and deshielding effect caused by the neighboring Lewis acidic metals (Ir and Re) on the electrochemical scale (Ered1 = -0.37 V and Ered2 = -1.02 and -0.99 V vs SCE). Based on a series of anion absorption studies and spectroelectrochemical (SEC) analyses, all Ir(III)-BL-Re(I) bimetallic complexes were found to exist as dianionic form (Ir(III)-[BL]2--Re(I)) after a fast reductive-quenching process in the presence of excess electron donor. In the photolysis experiment, the four Ir-qpy-Re complexes displayed the reasonable photochemical CO2-to-CO conversion activities (TON of 366-588 for 19 h) owing to the moderated electronic coupling between two functional Ir(III) and Re(I) centers through the slightly distorted qpy ligand, whereas Ir-bpm-Re and Ir-dpp-Re displayed negligible performances as a result of the strong electronic coupling via π-conjugation between the two functional components resulting in the energetic constraints for PET and an unwanted side reactions competing with the forward processes. These results confirm that the qpy unit can be utilized as an efficient BL platform in π-linked bimetallic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daehan Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Choe
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Shin
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ook Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kearney L, Brandon MP, Coleman A, Chippindale AM, Hartl F, Lalrempuia R, Pižl M, Pryce MT. Ligand-Structure Effects on N-Heterocyclic Carbene Rhenium Photo- and Electrocatalysts of CO 2 Reduction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104149. [PMID: 37241890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three novel rhenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, [Re]-NHC-1-3 ([Re] = fac-Re(CO)3Br), were synthesized and characterized using a range of spectroscopic techniques. Photophysical, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies were carried out to probe the properties of these organometallic compounds. Re-NHC-1 and Re-NHC-2 bear a phenanthrene backbone on an imidazole (NHC) ring, coordinating to Re by both the carbene C and a pyridyl group attached to one of the imidazole nitrogen atoms. Re-NHC-2 differs from Re-NHC-1 by replacing N-H with an N-benzyl group as the second substituent on imidazole. The replacement of the phenanthrene backbone in Re-NHC-2 with the larger pyrene gives Re-NHC-3. The two-electron electrochemical reductions of Re-NHC-2 and Re-NHC-3 result in the formation of the five-coordinate anions that are capable of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. These catalysts are formed first at the initial cathodic wave R1, and then, ultimately, via the reduction of Re-Re bound dimer intermediates at the second cathodic wave R2. All three Re-NHC-1-3 complexes are active photocatalysts for the transformation of CO2 to CO, with the most photostable complex, Re-NHC-3, being the most effective for this conversion. Re-NHC-1 and Re-NHC-2 afforded modest CO turnover numbers (TONs), following irradiation at 355 nm, but were inactive at the longer irradiation wavelength of 470 nm. In contrast, Re-NHC-3, when photoexcited at 470 nm, yielded the highest TON in this study, but remained inactive at 355 nm. The luminescence spectrum of Re-NHC-3 is red-shifted compared to those of Re-NHC-1 and Re-NHC-2, and previously reported similar [Re]-NHC complexes. This observation, together with TD-DFT calculations, suggests that the nature of the lowest-energy optical excitation for Re-NHC-3 has π→π*(NHC-pyrene) and dπ(Re)→π*(pyridine) (IL/MLCT) character. The stability and superior photocatalytic performance of Re-NHC-3 are attributed to the extended conjugation of the π-electron system, leading to the beneficial modulation of the strongly electron-donating tendency of the NHC group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kearney
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael P Brandon
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Coleman
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ann M Chippindale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DX, UK
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DX, UK
| | - Ralte Lalrempuia
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, India
| | - Martin Pižl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mary T Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhai R, Zhang L, Gu M, Zhao X, Zhang B, Cheng Y, Zhang J. A Review of Phosphorus Structures as CO 2 Reduction Photocatalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207840. [PMID: 36775943 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2 ) reduction into high-value-added chemicals is promising to mitigate current energy crisis and global warming issues. Finding effective photocatalysts is crucial for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Currently, metal-based semiconductors for photocatalytic CO2 reduction have been well reviewed, while review of nonmetal-based semiconductors is almost limited to carbon nitrides. Phosphorus is a promising nonmetal photocatalysts with various allotropes and tunable band gaps, which has been demonstrated to be promising non-metallic photocatalysts. However, no systematic review about phosphorus structures for photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions has been reported. Herein, the progresses of phosphorus structures as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction are reviewed. The fundamentals of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, corresponding properties of phosphorus allotropes, photocatalysts with phosphorus doping or phosphorus-containing ligands, research progress of phosphorus allotropes as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction have been reviewed in this paper. The future research and perspective of phosphorus structures for photocatalytic CO2 reduction are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Su Z, Luo Y, Shi J, Feng J, Li X, Zhang J, Su C. Manipulating the Reaction Pathway of CO 2 Photoreduction via the Microenvironment of a Re Molecular Catalyst. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3208-3215. [PMID: 36971470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Re molecular complexes incorporated into two metal-organic frameworks were investigated to disclose the host-guest interaction by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and to explore the microenvironment around the Re complex by absorption and photoluminescence spectra. ZIF-8 provides a confined space to isolated Re via an electrostatic interaction, while UiO-66 exerts a relaxed space to accessible Re via a coordination interaction. For CO2 two-electron photoreduction to CO, the turnover number of 28.6 in Re@ZIF-8 is 10-fold that of 2.7 in Re@UiO-66. The electron transfer is promoted in Re@ZIF-8 by a local electrostatic field with a cross-space pathway, whereas it is retarded in Re@UiO-66 as the solvation shell surrounding Re. In the following CO2 activation, the charged intermediate species could be stabilized in Re@ZIF-8 by spatial confinement, while Re-triethanolamine adducts prevailed in Re@UiO-66 with the accessibility of the Re complex. This work demonstrates a feasibility of diverting the CO2 activation pathway by the microenvironment of a molecular catalyst in the field of artificial photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Su
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Luo
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Shi
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Feng
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Chengyong Su
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li YQ, Wang KZ. Photoelectrocatalytic Dioxygen Reduction Based on a Novel Thiophene-Functionalized Tricarbonylchloro(1,10-phenanthroline)rhenium(I). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073229. [PMID: 37049999 PMCID: PMC10096527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel Re (I) complex of [Re(CO)3Cl(L)], {L = 2-([2,2’-bithiophen]-5-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline}, was synthesized, and its optical (UV–Visible absorption and emission spectroscopy), cyclovoltammetric and photoelectrochemical oxygen reduction properties were studied. The geometric and electronic properties were also investigated by density functional theory calculations. It was found that the ITO electrode coated with drop-casted [Re(CO)3Cl(L)] film exhibited cathodic photocurrent generation characteristics. The illuminated film exhibited a maximum cathodic photocurrent up to 30.4 μA/cm2 with an illumination intensity of 100 mW/cm2 white light at a bias potential of −0.4 V vs. SCE in O2-saturated electrolyte solution, which was reduced by 5.1-fold when thoroughly deoxygenated electrolyte solution was used, signaling that the electrode performed well on the photoelectrochemical oxygen reduction. The photo-electrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production was proved with a maximum H2O2 concentration of 6.39 μM during 5 h of the photoelectrocatalytic process. This work would guide the construction of more efficient rhenium-based photo(electro)catalytic molecular systems for O2 sensing, hydrogen peroxide production and other types of photoelectrochemical energy conversion and storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Han GH, Bang J, Park G, Choe S, Jang YJ, Jang HW, Kim SY, Ahn SH. Recent Advances in Electrochemical, Photochemical, and Photoelectrochemical Reduction of CO 2 to C 2+ Products. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205765. [PMID: 36592422 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental problems such as global warming are one of the most prominent global challenges. Researchers are investigating various methods for decreasing CO2 emissions. The CO2 reduction reaction via electrochemical, photochemical, and photoelectrochemical processes has been a popular research topic because the energy it requires can be sourced from renewable sources. The CO2 reduction reaction converts stable CO2 molecules into useful products such as CO, CH4 , C2 H4 , and C2 H5 OH. To obtain economic benefits from these products, it is important to convert them into hydrocarbons above C2 . Numerous investigations have demonstrated the uniqueness of the CC coupling reaction of Cu-based catalysts for the conversion of CO2 into useful hydrocarbons above C2 for electrocatalysis. Herein, the principle of semiconductors for photocatalysis is briefly introduced, followed by a description of the obstacles for C2+ production. This review presents an overview of the mechanism of hydrocarbon formation above C2 , along with advances in the improvement, direction, and comprehension of the CO2 reduction reaction via electrochemical, photochemical, and photoelectrochemical processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Ho Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Junbeom Bang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyun Choe
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Jeong Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Ahn
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kinoshita Y, Deromachi N, Kajiwara T, Koizumi TA, Kitagawa S, Tamiaki H, Tanaka K. Photoinduced Catalytic Organic-Hydride Transfer to CO 2 Mediated with Ruthenium Complexes as NAD + /NADH Redox Couple Models. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300032. [PMID: 36639358 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic organic-hydride transfer to CO2 was first achieved through the photoinduced two-electron reduction of the [Ru(bpy)2 (pbn)]2+ /[Ru(bpy)2 (pbnHH)]2+ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, pbn=2-(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[b]-1,5-naphthyridine, and pbnHH=2-(pyridin-2-yl)-5,10-dihydrobenzo[b]-1,5-naphthyridine) redox couple in the presence of 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH). The active species for the catalytic hydride transfer to carbon dioxide giving formate is [Ru(bpy)(bpy⋅- )(pbnHH)]+ formed by one-electron reduction of [Ru(bpy)2 (pbnHH)]2+ with BI⋅.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nagisa Deromachi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takashi Kajiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Take-Aki Koizumi
- Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, 437-8555, Fukuroi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Susumu Kitagawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Saito D, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Photocatalysis of CO 2 Reduction by a Ru(II)–Ru(II) Supramolecular Catalyst Adsorbed on Al 2O 3. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Saito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739 8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sakakibara N, Shizuno M, Kanazawa T, Kato K, Yamakata A, Nozawa S, Ito T, Terashima K, Maeda K, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Surface-Specific Modification of Graphitic Carbon Nitride by Plasma for Enhanced Durability and Selectivity of Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction with a Supramolecular Photocatalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13205-13218. [PMID: 36857173 PMCID: PMC10020964 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is in high demand for sustainable energy management. Hybrid photocatalysts combining semiconductors with supramolecular photocatalysts represent a powerful strategy for constructing visible-light-driven CO2 reduction systems with strong oxidation power. Here, we demonstrate the novel effects of plasma surface modification of graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4), which is an organic semiconductor, to achieve better affinity and electron transfer at the interface of a hybrid photocatalyst consisting of C3N4 and a Ru(II)-Ru(II) binuclear complex (RuRu'). This plasma treatment enabled the "surface-specific" introduction of oxygen functional groups via the formation of a carbon layer, which worked as active sites for adsorbing metal-complex molecules with methyl phosphonic-acid anchoring groups onto the plasma-modified surface of C3N4. Upon photocatalytic CO2 reduction with the hybrid under visible-light irradiation, the plasma-surface-modified C3N4 with RuRu' enhanced the durability of HCOOH production by three times compared to that achieved when using a nonmodified system. The high selectivity of HCOOH production against byproduct evolution (H2 and CO) was improved, and the turnover number of HCOOH production based on the RuRu' used reached 50 000, which is the highest among the metal-complex/semiconductor hybrid systems reported thus far. The improved activity is mainly attributed to the promotion of electron transfer from C3N4 to RuRu' under light irradiation via the accumulation of electrons trapped in deep defect sites on the plasma-modified surface of C3N4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Sakakibara
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi
Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shizuno
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kanazawa
- Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi
Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kosaku Kato
- Faculty
of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama
University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Faculty
of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama
University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Tsuyohito Ito
- Department
of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kazuo Terashima
- Department
of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Maeda
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim S, Lee D, Kim T, Kim CH, Son HJ, Kang SO, Shin JY. Dynamics of Photoinduced Intramolecular and Intermolecular Electron Transfers in Ligand-Conjugated Ir(III)-Re(I) Photocatalysts. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1535-1541. [PMID: 36745190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the electron transfer (ET) dynamics in a series of Ir(III)-Re(I) photocatalysts where two bipyridyl ligands of Ir and Re moieties are conjugated at the meta (m)- or para (p)-position of each side. Femtosecond transient absorption (TA) measurements identify the intramolecular ET (IET) dynamics from the Ir to Re moiety, followed by the formation of one-electron-reduced species (OERS) via the intermolecular ET with a sacrificial electron donor (SED). The IET rate depends on the bridging ligand (BL) structures (∼25 ps for BLmm/mp vs ∼68 ps for BLpm/pp), while the OERS formation happens on an even slower time scale (∼1.4 ns). Connecting the Re moiety at the meta-position of the bipyridyl of the Ir moiety can restrict the rotation around a covalent bond between two bipyridyl ligands by steric hindrances and facilitate the IET process. This highlights the importance of BL structures on the ET dynamics in photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohwan Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehan Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ook Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Shin
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kato S, Hashimoto T, Iwase K, Harada T, Nakanishi S, Kamiya K. Selective and high-rate CO 2 electroreduction by metal-doped covalent triazine frameworks: a computational and experimental hybrid approach. Chem Sci 2023; 14:613-620. [PMID: 36741519 PMCID: PMC9847663 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03754h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has attracted intensive attention as a technology to achieve a carbon-neutral society. The use of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) enables the realization of high-rate CO2RRs, which is one of the critical requirements for social implementation. Although both a high reaction rate and good selectivity are simultaneously required for electrocatalysts on GDEs, no systematic study of the relationship among active metal centers in electrocatalysts, reaction rate, and selectivity under high-rate CO2RR conditions has been reported. In the present study, we employed various metal-doped covalent triazine frameworks (M-CTFs) as platforms for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) electrocatalysts on GDEs and systematically investigated them to deduce sophisticated design principles using a combined computational and experimental approach. The Ni-CTF showed both high selectivity (faradaic efficiency (FE) > 98% at -0.5 to -0.9 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) and a high reaction rate (current density < -200 mA cm-2) for CO production. By contrast, the Sn-CTF exhibited selective formic acid production, and the FE and partial current density reached 85% and 150 mA cm-2, respectively. These results for the CO2RR activity and selectivity at high current density with respect to metal centers correspond well with predictions based on first-principles calculations. This work is the first demonstration of a clear relationship between the computational adsorption energy of intermediates depending on metal species and the experimental high-rate gaseous CO2RR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kato
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka 560-8531Japan
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka 560-8531Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Iwase
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 980-8577Japan
| | - Takashi Harada
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka 560-8531Japan
| | - Shuji Nakanishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka 560-8531Japan,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan
| | - Kazuhide Kamiya
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka 560-8531Japan,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dong ST, Xu C, Lassalle-Kaiser B. Multiple C-C bond formation upon electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 by an iron-based molecular macrocycle. Chem Sci 2023; 14:550-556. [PMID: 36741521 PMCID: PMC9847672 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04729b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular macrocycles are very promising electrocatalysts for the reduction of carbon dioxide into value-added chemicals. Up to now, most of these catalysts produced only C1 products. We report here that iron phthalocyanine, a commercially available molecule based on earth-abundant elements, can produce light hydrocarbons upon electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 in aqueous conditions and neutral pH. Under applied electrochemical potential, C1 to C4 saturated and unsaturated products are evolved. Isotopic labelling experiments unambiguously show that these products stem from CO2. Control experiments and in situ X-ray spectroscopic analysis show that the molecular catalyst remains intact during catalysis and is responsible for the reaction. On the basis of experiments with alternate substrates, a mechanism is proposed for the C-C bond formation step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Thanh Dong
- Synchrotron SOLEILRoute Départementale 128, l’Orme des Merisiers91190 Saint-AubinFrance
| | - Chen Xu
- Synchrotron SOLEILRoute Départementale 128, l’Orme des Merisiers91190 Saint-AubinFrance
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Takahashi M, Asatani T, Morimoto T, Kamakura Y, Fujii K, Yashima M, Hosokawa N, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Supramolecular multi-electron redox photosensitisers comprising a ring-shaped Re(i) tetranuclear complex and a polyoxometalate. Chem Sci 2023; 14:691-704. [PMID: 36741525 PMCID: PMC9848162 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox photosensitisers (PSs) play essential roles in various photocatalytic reactions. Herein, we synthesised new redox PSs of 1 : 1 supramolecules that comprise a ring-shaped Re(i) tetranuclear complex with 4+ charges and a Keggin-type heteropolyoxometalate with 4- charges. These PSs photochemically accumulate multi-electrons in one molecule (three or four electrons) in the presence of an electron donor and can supply electrons with different reduction potentials. PSs were successfully applied in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using catalysts (Ru(ii) and Re(i) complexes) and triethanolamine as a reductant. In photocatalytic reactions, these supramolecular PSs supply a different number of electrons to the catalyst depending on the redox potential of the intermediate, which is made from the one-electron-reduced species of the catalyst and CO2. Based on these data, information on the reduction potentials of the intermediates was obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Asatani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Tatsuki Morimoto
- School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology1404-1 KatakuraHachiojiTokyo 192-0982Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kamakura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Kotaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Masatomo Yashima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Naoki Hosokawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University1-3-1 KagamiyamaHigashi-HiroshimaHiroshima 739 8526Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Müller AV, Faustino LA, de Oliveira KT, Patrocinio AOT, Polo AS. Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction by Re(I) Photocatalysts with N-Heterocyclic Substituents. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa V. Müller
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC─UFABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, 09210-580Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro A. Faustino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia─UFU, Av. João Naves de Ávila 212, 38400-902Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kleber T. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos─UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, 13565-905São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio O. T. Patrocinio
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia─UFU, Av. João Naves de Ávila 212, 38400-902Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André S. Polo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC─UFABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, 09210-580Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li J, Chen Q, Sha T, Liu Y. Significant Promotion of Light Absorption Ability and Formation of Triplet Organics and Reactive Oxygen Species in Atmospheric HULIS by Fe(III) Ions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16652-16664. [PMID: 36342346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions are key components in atmosphere that potentially affect the optical properties and photochemical reactivity of atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS), while this mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that atmospheric HULIS coupled with Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Al3+ exhibited distinct optical properties and reactive intermediates from that of HULIS utilizing three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The HULIS components showed light absorption that increased by 56% for the HULIS-Fe3+ system, fluorescence blue shift, and fluorescence quenching, showing a certain dose-effect relationship. These are mainly attributed to the fact that the highly oxidative HULIS chromophores have a stronger complexing ability with Fe3+ ions than the other metal ions. In addition, triplet organics (promoting ratio: 53%) and reactive oxygen species (promoting ratio: 82.6%) in the HULIS-Fe3+ system showed obvious generation promotion. Therefore, the main assumption of the photochemical mechanisms of atmospheric HULIS in the HULIS-Fe3+ system is that Fe3+ ions can form 3HULIS*-Fe3+ complexation with photoexcited 3HULIS* and then transition to the ground state through energy transfer, electron transfer, or nonradiative transition, accompanied by the formation of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals. Our results provide references for evaluating the radiative forcing and aging effect of metal ions on atmospheric aerosols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Tong Sha
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nugegoda D, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP, Delcamp JH. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold Complexes in a Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Reaction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18802-18809. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Nugegoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 322 Coulter Hall, University Park 38677, Mississippi, United States
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Ghent 9000 S-3, Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Ghent 9000 S-3, Belgium
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 322 Coulter Hall, University Park 38677, Mississippi, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Qiu LQ, Yao X, Zhang YK, Li HR, He LN. Advancements and Challenges in Reductive Conversion of Carbon Dioxide via Thermo-/Photocatalysis. J Org Chem 2022; 88:4942-4964. [PMID: 36342846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major greenhouse gas and also an abundant and renewable carbon resource. Therefore, its chemical conversion and utilization are of great attraction for sustainable development. Especially, reductive conversion of CO2 with energy input has become a current hotspot due to its ability to access fuels and various important chemicals. Nowadays, the controllable CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid and alcohols using sustainable H2 resources has been regarded as an appealing solution to hydrogen storage and CO2 accumulation. In addition, photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO also provides a potential way to utilize this greenhouse gas efficiently. Besides direct CO2 hydrogenation, CO2 reductive functionalization integrates CO2 reduction with subsequent C-X (X = N, S, C, O) bond formation and indirect transformation strategies, enlarging the diverse products derived from CO2 and promoting CO2 reductive conversion into a new stage. In this Perspective, the progress and challenges of CO2 reductive conversion, including hydrogenation, reductive functionalization, photocatalytic reduction, and photocatalytic reductive functionalization are summarized and discussed along with the key issues and future trends/directions in this field. We hope this Perspective can evoke intense interest and inspire much innovation in the promise of CO2 valorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yong-Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hong-Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Liang-Nian He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Group 6 (Cr, Mo, W) and Group 7 (Mn, Re) bipyridyl tetracarbonyl complex for electrochemical CO2 conversion: DFT and DLPNO-CCSD(T) study for effects of the central metal on redox potential, thermodynamics, and kinetics. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
43
|
Kondo M, Masaoka S. Function-Integrated Catalytic Systems for Small-Molecule Conversion: Advances and Perspectives. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mio Kondo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ran L, Li Z, Ran B, Cao J, Zhao Y, Shao T, Song Y, Leung MKH, Sun L, Hou J. Engineering Single-Atom Active Sites on Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting CO 2 Photoreduction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17097-17109. [PMID: 36066387 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Solar carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion is an emerging solution to meet the challenges of sustainable energy systems and environmental/climate concerns. However, the construction of isolated active sites not only influences catalytic activity but also limits the understanding of the structure-catalyst relationship of CO2 reduction. Herein, we develop a universal synthetic protocol to fabricate different single-atom metal sites (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Ru) anchored on the triazine-based covalent organic framework (SAS/Tr-COF) backbone with the bridging structure of metal-nitrogen-chlorine for high-performance catalytic CO2 reduction. Remarkably, the as-synthesized Fe SAS/Tr-COF as a representative catalyst achieved an impressive CO generation rate as high as 980.3 μmol g-1 h-1 and a selectivity of 96.4%, over approximately 26 times higher than that of the pristine Tr-COF under visible light irradiation. From X-ray absorption fine structure analysis and density functional theory calculations, the superior photocatalytic performance is attributed to the synergic effect of atomically dispersed metal sites and Tr-COF host, decreasing the reaction energy barriers for the formation of *COOH intermediates and promoting CO2 adsorption and activation as well as CO desorption. This work not only affords rational design of state-of-the-art catalysts at the molecular level but also provides in-depth insights for efficient CO2 conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.,Ability R&D Energy Research Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhuwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Bei Ran
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Teng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yurou Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Michael K H Leung
- Ability R&D Energy Research Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Licheng Sun
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jungang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Barhács B, Janssens E, Höltzl T. C 2 product formation in the CO 2 electroreduction on boron-doped graphene anchored copper clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21417-21426. [PMID: 36047512 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A possible remedy for the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is capturing and reducing it into valuable chemicals like methane, methanol, ethylene, and ethanol. However, a suitable catalyst for this process is still under extensive research. Small sized copper clusters have gained attention in recent years due to their catalytic activity in the CO2 reduction reaction. Although C2+ products have a higher economic value, the formation of C1 products was investigated most thoroughly. Graphene is a promising support for small copper clusters in the electrochemical reduction of CO2. It exhibits good mechanical and electrical properties, but the weak interaction between copper and graphene is an issue. Our DFT computations reveal that small Cu clusters on the boron-doped graphene (BDG) support are promising catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2. We found facile reaction pathways towards various C1 (carbon-monoxide, formic acid, formaldehyde, methanol or methane) and C2 (ethanol or ethylene) products on Cu4 and Cu7 clusters on BDG. The reactivity is cluster-size tunable with Cu4 being the more reactive agent, while Cu7 shows a higher selectivity towards C2 products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Barhács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tibor Höltzl
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. .,ELKH-BME Computation Driven Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,Furukawa Electric Institute of Technology, Nanomaterials Science Group, Késmárk utca 28/A, H-1158 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hayashi J, Shoji S, Kitagawa Y, Hasegawa Y. Amorphous lanthanide complexes for organic luminescent materials. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
47
|
Rentschler M, Boden PJ, Argüello Cordero MA, Steiger ST, Schmid MA, Yang Y, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Karnahl M, Lochbrunner S, Tschierlei S. Unexpected Boost in Activity of a Cu(I) Photosensitizer by Stabilizing a Transient Excited State. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12249-12261. [PMID: 35877171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a slight but surprisingly successful structural modification of the previously reported heteroleptic Cu(I) photosensitizer Cubiipo ([(xantphos)Cu(biipo)]PF6; biipo = 16H-benzo-[4',5']-isoquinolino-[2',1':1,2]-imidazo-[4,5-f]-[1,10]-phenanthrolin-16-one). As a key feature, biipo bears a naphthalimide unit at the back, which is directly fused to a phenanthroline moiety to extend the conjugated π-system. This ligand was now altered to include two additional methyl groups at the 2,9-positions at the phenanthroline scaffold. Comparing the novel Cudmbiipo complex to its predecessor, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the efficient suppression of a major deactivation pathway by stabilization of a transient triplet state. Furthermore, quantitative measurements of singlet oxygen evolution in solution confirmed that a larger fraction of the excited-state population is transferred to the photocatalytically active ligand-centered triplet 3LC state with a much longer lifetime of ∼30 μs compared to Cubiipo (2.6 μs). In addition, Cudmbiipo was compared with the well-established reference complex Cubcp ([(xantphos)Cu(bathocuproine)]PF6) in terms of its photophysical and photocatalytic properties by applying time-resolved femto- and nanosecond absorption, step-scan Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and emission spectroscopies. Superior light-harvesting properties and a greatly enhanced excited-state lifetime with respect to Cubcp enable Cudmbiipo to be more active in exemplary photocatalytic applications, i.e., in the formation of singlet oxygen and the isomerization of (E)-stilbene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rentschler
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pit Jean Boden
- Chemistry Department and State Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Miguel A Argüello Cordero
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sophie Theres Steiger
- Chemistry Department and State Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Marie-Ann Schmid
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yingya Yang
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Chemistry Department and State Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Qiu LQ, Yang ZW, Yao X, Li XY, He LN. Highly Robust Rhenium(I) Bipyridyl Complexes Containing Dipyrromethene-BF 2 Chromophores for Visible Light-Driven CO 2 Reduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200337. [PMID: 35470575 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
New rhenium bipyridyl complexes with dipyrromethene-BF2 chromophores (A-ReBDP-CZ, A-ReBDP2 , ReBDP-CZ, and ReBDP2 ) were developed for highly efficient photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2 ) reduction to carbon monoxide (CO). These catalysts consisted of two moderate electron-deficient groups (dipyrromethene-BF2 , BDP) as the visible-light-harvesting antenna as well as both electron donor (N-phenylcarbazole, CZ) and acceptor (BDP) on Re bipyridyl framework. Among ReBDP-CZ and ReBDP2 complexes, the ReBDP2 incorporating two electron-deficient BDP chromophores had a longer-lived photoexcited state (182.4 μs) and a twofold enhanced molar absorption coefficient (ϵ=157000 m-1 cm-1 ) compared with ReBDP-CZ. Thus, ReBDP2 achieved the superior photocatalytic reactivity and stability with a CO turnover number (TONCO ) value as high as 1323 and quantum yield (ΦCO ) up to 55 %, which was the most excellent photocatalysis efficiency among the single-active-site Re catalysts without additional photosensitizer. Furthermore, the acetylene-bridged linker was detrimental to the photoactivity and durability of the catalyst. In brief, two BDP-based Re bipyridyl systems with outstanding catalytic performance and significant visible-light-harvesting capabilities in the solar spectrum offer a promising strategy for solar-to-fuel conversion schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qi Qiu
- Department State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wen Yang
- Department State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Yao
- Department State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yang Li
- Department State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian He
- Department State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Boudreaux CM, Nugegoda D, Yao W, Le N, Frey NC, Li Q, Qu F, Zeller M, Webster CE, Delcamp JH, Papish ET. Low-Valent Cobalt(I) CNC Pincer Complexes as Catalysts for Light-Driven Carbon Dioxide Reduction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chance M. Boudreaux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Dinesh Nugegoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Wenzhi Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Nghia Le
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Hand Lab, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Nathan C. Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Hand Lab, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Fengrui Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, X-ray Crystallography, Wetherill 101B, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Hand Lab, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Elizabeth T. Papish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion Using Metal-Containing Coordination Polymers and Networks: Recent Developments in Material Design and Mechanistic Details. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142778. [PMID: 35890553 PMCID: PMC9318416 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
International guidelines have progressively addressed global warming which is caused by the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect originates from the atmosphere’s gases which trap sunlight which, as a consequence, causes an increase in global surface temperature. Carbon dioxide is one of these greenhouse gases and is mainly produced by anthropogenic emissions. The urgency of removing atmospheric carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to reduce the greenhouse effect has initiated the development of methods to covert carbon dioxide into valuable products. One approach that was developed is the photocatalytic transformation of CO2. Photocatalysis addresses environmental issues by transferring CO2 into value added chemicals by mimicking the natural photosynthesis process. During this process, the photocatalytic system is excited by light energy. CO2 is adsorbed at the catalytic metal centers where it is subsequently reduced. To overcome several obstacles for achieving an efficient photocatalytic reduction process, the use of metal-containing polymers as photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction is highlighted in this review. The attention of this manuscript is directed towards recent advances in material design and mechanistic details of the process using different polymeric materials and photocatalysts.
Collapse
|