1
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Kalisch T, Terschüren T, Streubel R. Elimination reactions in 1,4-diphosphinine chemistry: mixed-valence intermediates and 1,1- vs. 1,4-elimination pathways. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12052-12056. [PMID: 38989914 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01901f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Reactions of tricyclic 1,4-diphosphinines 1,4 with LiOH, followed by protonation are reported. 1,3-Thiazole-2-thione-derived 1 enabled only observation of the first anionic addition product 2/3. On the other hand, imidazole-2-selone-annelated derivative 4 enabled the identification of the first (5) and second product (6) at low temperature. As water was eliminated upon warming in both cases, DFT calculations were performed to gain more insight into the reaction pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kalisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53123 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Tatjana Terschüren
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53123 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53123 Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Kalisch T, Brehm PC, Streubel R. Tricyclic 1,4-Diphosphinines: Local vs. Global Aromaticity. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400417. [PMID: 38986024 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
1D and 2DNICS π . zz SOM ${{{\rm { NICS}}}_{{\rm { {\rm \pi}{}}}{\rm { .zz}}}^{{\rm { SOM}}}}$ (Sigma only model) calculations were performed on recently established tricyclic 1,4-diphosphinines as well as related benzene and pyrazine derivatives. The study was extended to evaluate the effect of the fused rings on the overall aromatic properties with a special focus on functional groups such as carbenes. The effect of non-aromatic heterocycles on the local ring current of the central ring is small, while aromatic heterocycles (e. g. NHC, imidazolium) lead to a global aromaticity. A higher sulfur content of the adjacent five-membered rings reduces the central ring current. The comparison to related tricyclic benzene and pyrazine derivatives showed that the 1,4-diphosphinine systems resemble more closely the situation in the benzene derivatives than the pyrazines. The effect of charged systems was studied using bis(TTF)-fused 1,4-diphosphinines and, according toNICS π . zz SOM ${{{\rm { NICS}}}_{{\rm { {\rm \pi}{}}}{\rm { .zz}}}^{{\rm { SOM}}}}$ values, the neutral form doesn't possess significant aromaticity but the tetracation resembles the global aromatic situation observed for other heterocycles in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kalisch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany) E-mail: E-mai
| | - Philipp C Brehm
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany) E-mail: E-mai
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany) E-mail: E-mai
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3
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Jordan EJ, Calder EDE, Adcock HV, Male L, Nieger M, Slootweg JC, Jupp AR. Azophosphines: Synthesis, Structure and Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401358. [PMID: 38624247 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The conceptual replacement of nitrogen with phosphorus in common organic functional groups unlocks new properties and reactivity. The phosphorus-containing analogues of triazenes are underexplored but offer great potential as flexible and small bite-angle ligands. This manuscript explores the synthesis and characterisation of a family of air-stable azophosphine-borane complexes, and their subsequent deprotection to the free azophosphines. These compounds are structurally characterised, both experimentally and computationally, and highlight the availability of the phosphorus lone pair for coordination. This is confirmed by demonstrating that neutral azophosphines can act as ligands in Ru complexes, and can coordinate as monodentate or bidentate ligands in a controlled manner, in contrast to their nitrogen analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Jordan
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ethan D E Calder
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Holly V Adcock
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Chris Slootweg
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Jupp
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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4
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Ziółkowska A, Prześniak-Welenc M, Kruczyński T, Gamer M, Ponikiewski Ł. From phosphanylphosphaalkenes to coordination copper and silver polymers containing P-P bonds. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9350-9357. [PMID: 38747694 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00987h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This study was focused on the activation of the CP bond via reactions of Ph2CP-PtBu2 (1) with 1,6-hexanediol and selected dithiols (1,4-butanedithiol, 1,4-benzenedithiol and 1,4-benzenedimethanethiol). These reactions proceed according to a 1,2-addition mechanism, providing new compounds with formulas {(Ph)2(H)C-P-PtBu2}{μ2-(O-(CH2)6-O)}{tBu2P-P-C(H)(Ph)2} (2), {(Ph)2(H)C-P-PtBu2}{μ2-(S-(CH2)4-S)}{tBu2P-P-C(H)(Ph)2} (3a), {(Ph)2(H)C-P-PtBu2}{μ2-(S-C6H4-S)}{tBu2P-P-C(H)(Ph)2} (3b), and {(Ph)2(H)C-P-PtBu2}{μ2-(S-CH2-C6H4-CH2-S)}{tBu2P-P-C(H)(Ph)2} (3c). Next, the reactions of 3a and 3c with metal chlorides led to the growth of desired coordination polymers of copper(I) and silver(I). All the obtained compounds remained stable under atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ziółkowska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marta Prześniak-Welenc
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kruczyński
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, 1000 Chastain Road, Kennesaw GA 30144, USA
| | - Michael Gamer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Łukasz Ponikiewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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5
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Zhang J, Kong WY, Guo W, Tantillo DJ, Tang Y. Combined Computational and Experimental Study Reveals Complex Mechanistic Landscape of Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Silane-Dependent P═O Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13983-13999. [PMID: 38736283 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of Brønsted acid-catalyzed silane-dependent P═O reduction has been elucidated through combined computational and experimental methods. Due to its remarkable chemo- and stereoselective nature, the Brønsted acid/silane reduction system has been widely employed in organophosphine-catalyzed transformations involving P(V)/P(III) redox cycle. However, the full mechanistic profile of this type of P═O reduction has yet to be clearly established to date. Supported by both DFT and experimental studies, our research reveals that the reaction likely proceeds through mechanisms other than the widely accepted "dual activation mode by silyl ester" or "acid-mediated direct P═O activation" mechanism. We propose that although the reduction mechanisms may vary with the substitution patterns of silane species, Brønsted acid generally activates the silane rather than the P═O group in transition structures. The proposed activation mode differs significantly from that associated with traditional Brønsted acid-catalyzed C═O reduction. The uniqueness of P═O reduction originates from the dominant Si/O═P orbital interactions in transition structures rather than the P/H-Si interactions. The comprehensive mechanistic landscape provided by us will serve as a guidance for the rational design and development of more efficient P═O reduction systems as well as novel organophosphine-catalyzed reactions involving P(V)/P(III) redox cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Wentao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yefeng Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Kopp RO, Kleynemeyer SL, Groth LJ, Ernst MJ, Rupf SM, Weber M, Kershaw Cook LJ, Coles NT, Neale SE, Müller C. Highly selective, reversible water activation by P,N-cooperativity in pyridyl-functionalized phosphinines. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5496-5506. [PMID: 38638216 PMCID: PMC11023035 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05930h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrapyridyl-functionalized phosphinines were prepared and structurally characterized. The donor-functionalized aromatic phosphorus heterocycles react highly selectively and even reversibly with water. Calculations reveal P,N-cooperativity for this process, with the flanking pyridyl groups serving to kinetically enhance the formal oxidative addition process of H2O to the low-coordinate phosphorus atom via H-bonding. Subsequent tautomerization forms 1,2-dihydrophosphinine derivatives, which can be quantitatively converted back to the phosphinine by applying vacuum, even at room temperature. This process can be repeated numerous times, without any sign of decomposition of the phosphinine. In the presence of CuI·SMe2, dimeric species of the type ([Cu2I2(phosphinine)]2) are formed, in which each phosphorus atom shows the less common μ2-bridging 2e--lone-pair-donation to two Cu(i)-centres. Our results demonstrate that fully unsaturated phosphorus heterocycles, containing reactive P[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bonds, are interesting candidates for the activation of E-H bonds, while the aromaticity of such compounds plays an appreciable role in the reversibility of the reaction, supported by NICS calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard O Kopp
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sabrina L Kleynemeyer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Lucie J Groth
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Moritz J Ernst
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Susanne M Rupf
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Manuela Weber
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Laurence J Kershaw Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Nathan T Coles
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Christian Müller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
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7
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Zhang J, Hou Y, Liu S, Lin J, Li Z. The case of a μ 2-P aromatic phosphinine as a 4-electron donor forming σ- and π-three-center-two-electron bonds. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5608-5615. [PMID: 38439621 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Profound insight into the electronic structures of occasionally observed μ2-P bridging phosphinines remains limited. In this work, we present the isolation and X-ray crystallographic characterization of a dimeric Rh(I) phosphinine complex exhibiting both η1-P and μ2-P phosphinine coordination modes. Variable temperature NMR analyses and DOSY spectrum measurement confirmed the presence of two types of fluxional phenomena in solution: η1-P phosphinine bonding and dissociation, and η1-P and μ2-P equilibrium. DFT calculations in conjunction with single crystal X-ray diffraction studies suggest that the μ2-P phosphinines donate four electrons via a σ-lone pair and a high-lying π-type electron pair, instead of two σ-lone pairs, forming σ- and π-three-center-two-electron bonds. The stronger π-type interactions lead to longer P-C bonds and larger negative coordination chemical shifts for μ2-P phosphinines. However, the binding interactions of μ2-P are thermodynamically weaker than those of η1-P. Reactivity studies further confirm the labile nature of the μ2-P phosphinine bonds, which could be easily converted to an η1-P phosphinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanfeng Hou
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shihua Liu
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jieli Lin
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongshu Li
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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8
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Landaeta VR, Horsley Downie TM, Wolf R. Low-Valent Transition Metalate Anions in Synthesis, Small Molecule Activation, and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1323-1463. [PMID: 38354371 PMCID: PMC10906008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This review surveys the synthesis and reactivity of low-oxidation state metalate anions of the d-block elements, with an emphasis on contributions reported between 2006 and 2022. Although the field has a long and rich history, the chemistry of transition metalate anions has been greatly enhanced in the last 15 years by the application of advanced concepts in complex synthesis and ligand design. In recent years, the potential of highly reactive metalate complexes in the fields of small molecule activation and homogeneous catalysis has become increasingly evident. Consequently, exciting applications in small molecule activation have been developed, including in catalytic transformations. This article intends to guide the reader through the fascinating world of low-valent transition metalates. The first part of the review describes the synthesis and reactivity of d-block metalates stabilized by an assortment of ligand frameworks, including carbonyls, isocyanides, alkenes and polyarenes, phosphines and phosphorus heterocycles, amides, and redox-active nitrogen-based ligands. Thereby, the reader will be familiarized with the impact of different ligand types on the physical and chemical properties of metalates. In addition, ion-pairing interactions and metal-metal bonding may have a dramatic influence on metalate structures and reactivities. The complex ramifications of these effects are examined in a separate section. The second part of the review is devoted to the reactivity of the metalates toward small inorganic molecules such as H2, N2, CO, CO2, P4 and related species. It is shown that the use of highly electron-rich and reactive metalates in small molecule activation translates into impressive catalytic properties in the hydrogenation of organic molecules and the reduction of N2, CO, and CO2. The results discussed in this review illustrate that the potential of transition metalate anions is increasingly being tapped for challenging catalytic processes with relevance to organic synthesis and energy conversion. Therefore, it is hoped that this review will serve as a useful resource to inspire further developments in this dynamic research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Fuentes JA, Janka ME, McKay AP, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Lebl T, Clarke ML. Ligand Hydrogenation during Hydroformylation Catalysis Detected by In Situ High-Pressure Infra-Red Spectroscopic Analysis of a Rhodium/Phospholene-Phosphite Catalyst. Molecules 2024; 29:845. [PMID: 38398597 PMCID: PMC10891676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phospholane-phosphites are known to show highly unusual selectivity towards branched aldehydes in the hydroformylation of terminal alkenes. This paper describes the synthesis of hitherto unknown unsaturated phospholene borane precursors and their conversion to the corresponding phospholene-phosphites. The relative stereochemistry of one of these ligands and its Pd complex was assigned with the aid of X-ray crystal structure determinations. These ligands were able to approach the level of selectivity observed for phospholane-phosphites in the rhodium-catalysed hydroformylation of propene. High-pressure infra-red (HPIR) spectroscopic monitoring of the catalyst formation revealed that whilst the catalysts showed good thermal stability with respect to fragmentation, the C=C bond in the phospholene moiety was slowly hydrogenated in the presence of rhodium and syngas. The ability of this spectroscopic tool to detect even subtle changes in structure, remotely from the carbonyl ligands, underlines the usefulness of HPIR spectroscopy in hydroformylation catalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Fuentes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.A.F.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.); (A.M.Z.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Mesfin E. Janka
- Eastman Chemical Company, 200 South Wilcox Drive, Kingsport, TN 37660, USA
| | - Aidan P. McKay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.A.F.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.); (A.M.Z.S.); (T.L.)
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.A.F.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.); (A.M.Z.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.A.F.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.); (A.M.Z.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Tomas Lebl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.A.F.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.); (A.M.Z.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Matthew L. Clarke
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.A.F.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.); (A.M.Z.S.); (T.L.)
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10
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Wu SF, Zhang GK, Wang X, He ZJ, Zhang YC, Shi F. Organocatalytic Diastereoselective (4 + 1) Cycloaddition of o-Hydroxyphenyl-Substituted Secondary Phosphine Oxides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16497-16510. [PMID: 37982674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The first organocatalytic diastereoselective (4 + 1) cycloaddition of o-hydroxyphenyl-substituted secondary phosphine oxides (SPOs) has been established, which makes use of o-hydroxyphenyl substituted SPOs as suitable four-atom phosphorus-containing 1,4-dinucleophiles and 3-indolylformaldehydes as competent 1,1-dielectrophiles under Bro̷nsted acid catalysis. The reaction mechanism was suggested to involve the formation of 3-indolylmethanol intermediates and vinyliminium intermediates, which played an important role in controlling the reactivity and diastereoselectivity of the (4 + 1) cycloaddition under Bro̷nsted acid catalysis. By this approach, a series of benzo oxaphospholes bearing P- and C-stereocenters were synthesized in moderate to good yields (50%-95% yields) with excellent diastereoselectivities (all >95:5 dr). This reaction not only represents the first organocatalytic diastereoselective (4 + 1) cycloaddition of o-hydroxyphenyl-substituted SPOs but also provides an efficient and diastereoselective method for the construction of phosphorus-containing benzo five-membered heterocyclic skeletons bearing both P-stereocenter and C-stereocenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fang Wu
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Guo-Ke Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zhuo-Jing He
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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11
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Masada K, Okabe K, Kusumoto S, Nozaki K. A dinuclear Rh(-i)/Rh(i) complex bridged by biphilic phosphinine ligands. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8524-8530. [PMID: 37592993 PMCID: PMC10430517 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02292g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bimetallic complexes have enabled precise control of catalysis by accumulating two discrete metal centres. In these complexes, bridging ligands are essential to combine multiple metals into one molecule. Among some bridging modes, an unsymmetric bridging mode will differentiate the electronic structures of the two metal centres. In this study, a dinuclear Rh(-i)/Rh(i) complex bridged by tridentate phosphine-phosphinine-phosphine ligands was prepared by reduction of the corresponding Rh(i) complex. Single-crystal X-ray analysis and DFT calculations suggest that the phosphinine ligands adopt an unsymmetric bridging mode wherein phosphinine accepts d-electrons from one Rh centre and, at the same time, donates lone pairs to the other Rh centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Masada
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kiyosumi Okabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shuhei Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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12
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Abels AS, Eiler F, Le Corre G, Jurt P, Wörle M, Verel R, Benkő Z, Grützmacher H. The coordination chemistry of 2,4,6-oxy functionalised 1,3,5-triphosphinines. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3308-3314. [PMID: 36785885 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00057e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of stable group 6 metal complexes bearing 2,4,6-oxy functionalised 1,3,5-triphosphinines, phosphorus containing heterocyclic ligands with a central C3P3 core, were synthesised such that a complete series of [M{P3C3(OX)3}(CO)3] compounds is obtained [M = Cr(0), Mo(0), W(0); X = H, SitBuPh2, B(ipc)2]. In all complexes, the triphosphinine coordinates in a η6-binding mode via the delocalized 6π-system of the ring. The ligand properties can be tuned by changing the substituent on the oxygen centre. The π-electron accepting properties of the ligand increases in the following order: P3C3(OH)3 < P3C3(OSitBuPh2)3 < P3C3(OB(ipc)2)3. This trend is reflected in the structures determined by X-ray crystallography, and the ν(CO) stretching frequencies determined by IR spectroscopy. The collected data raise questions with respect to the frequently made assumption that phosphinines act as stronger π-acceptors with respect to arenes and thereby deplete electron density at the metal centres. With P3C3(OH)3 as an η6-coordinated ligand further molecules can be coordinated in the second coordination sphere via hydrogen bonds, which may be of interest for the construction of coordination polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Abels
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Frederik Eiler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Grégoire Le Corre
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Jurt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Wörle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - René Verel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Zoltan Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary.
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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13
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Steffenfauseweh H, Rottschäfer D, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Szczepanik DW, Ghadwal RS. Isolation of an Annulated 1,4-Distibabenzene Diradicaloid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216003. [PMID: 36598396 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The first 1,4-distibabenzene-1,4-diide compound [(ADC)Sb]2 (5) based on an anionic dicarbene (ADC) (ADC=PhC{N(Dipp)C}2 , Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) is reported as a bordeaux-red solid. Compound 5, featuring a central six-membered C4 Sb2 ring with formally SbI atoms may be regarded as a base-stabilized cyclic bis-stibinidene in which each of the Sb atoms bears two lone-pairs of electrons. 5 undergoes 2 e-oxidation with Ph3 C[B(C6 F5 )4 ] to afford [(ADC)Sb]2 [B(C6 F5 )4 ]2 (6) as a brick-red solid. Each of the Sb atoms of 6 has an unpaired electron and a lone-pair. The broken-symmetry open-shell singlet diradical solution for (6)2+ is calculated to be 2.13 kcal mol-1 more stable than the closed-shell singlet. The diradical character of (6)2+ according to SS-CASSCF (state-specific complete active space self-consistent field) and UHF (unrestricted Hartree-Fock) methods amounts to 36 % and 39 %, respectively. Treatments of 6 with (PhE)2 yield [(ADC)Sb(EPh)]2 [B(C6 F5 )4 ]2 (7-E) (E=S or Se). Reaction of 5 with (cod)Mo(CO)4 affords [(ADC)Sb]2 Mo(CO)4 (8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henric Steffenfauseweh
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.,Current address: Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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14
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Lin J, Coles NT, Dettling L, Steiner L, Felix Witte J, Paulus B, Müller C. Phospholenes from Phosphabenzenes by Selective Ring Contraction. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202203406. [PMID: 36383093 PMCID: PMC10107248 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 3-amino-functionalized phosphabenzene (phosphinine) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The pyramidalized nitrogen atom of the dimethylamino substituent indicates only a weak interaction between the lone pair of the nitrogen atom and the aromatic phosphorus heterocycle, resulting in somewhat basic character. It turned out that the amino group can indeed be protonated by HCl. In contrast to pyridines, however, the phosphabenzene-ammonium salt undergoes a selective ring contraction to form a hydroxylphospholene oxide in the presence of additional water. Based on deuterium labeling experiments and quantum chemical calculations, a rational mechanism for this hitherto unknown conversion is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiong Lin
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathan T Coles
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lea Dettling
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Steiner
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Felix Witte
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Coles NT, Groth LJ, Dettling L, Frost DS, Rigo M, Neale SE, Müller C. Triple dehydrofluorination as a route to amidine-functionalized, aromatic phosphorus heterocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13580-13583. [PMID: 36354311 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05178h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An unexpected route to hitherto unknown amidine-functionalized phosphinines has been developed that is rapid and simple. Starting from primary amines and CF3-substituted λ3,σ2-phosphinines, a cascade of dehydrofluorination reactions leads selectively to ortho-amidinephosphinines. DFT calculations reveal that this unusual transformation can take place via a series of nucleophilic attacks at the electrophilic, low-coordinate phosphorus atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Coles
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany. .,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Lucie J Groth
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lea Dettling
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniel S Frost
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Massimo Rigo
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Christian Müller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Matsuo K, Okumura R, Hayashi H, Aratani N, Jinnai S, Ie Y, Saeki A, Yamada H. Phosphaacene as a structural analogue of thienoacenes for organic semiconductors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13576-13579. [PMID: 36408733 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05122b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An air-stable λ3-phosphinine-containing polycyclic aromatic compound without steric protection was synthesized and its charge transport properties were evaluated, which revealed moderate hole mobility. This research is the first experimental demonstration of the organic electronic applications of low-coordinate phosphorus compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Matsuo
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institution of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Rina Okumura
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institution of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institution of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institution of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Seihou Jinnai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institution of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
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17
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Petrov A, Conrad L, Coles NT, Weber M, Andrae D, Zagidullin A, Miluykov V, Müller C. Reactivity of Sodium Pentaphospholide Na[
cyclo
‐P
5
] towards C≡E (E=C, N, P) Triple Bonds. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202203056. [PMID: 36210344 PMCID: PMC10098531 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A diglyme solution of Na[cyclo-P5 ] (1) reacts with alkynes and isolobal nitriles and phosphaalkynes to afford the otherwise elusive (aza)phospholide anions 2 a-c, 4 a,b, and 6. The reaction of Na[cyclo-P5 ] with alkynes and nitriles was studied by means of DFT methods, which suggested a concerted mechanism for the formation of 2 a and 4 b. The anions 2 a-c, 4 a,b, and 6 coordinate in an η5 -fashion towards FeII to give the sandwich (aza)phosphametallocenes 3 a-c, 5 a,b and 7 in moderate to good yields. The new compounds were characterized by means of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Petrov
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Lawrence Conrad
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Nathan T. Coles
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Weber
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Dirk Andrae
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Almaz Zagidullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Str. 8 Kazan Russia
| | - Vasili Miluykov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Str. 8 Kazan Russia
| | - Christian Müller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
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18
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Digold Phosphinine Complexes Are Stable with a Bis(Phosphinine) Ligand but Not with a 2-Phosphinophosphinine. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10110203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of [bis{3-methyl-6-(trimethylsilyl)phosphinine-2-yl}dimethylsilane] (19) with one and two equivalents of [AuCl(tht)] was attempted in order to selectively form the mono and digold species, respectively. The digold species [(AuCl)2(19)] (21) was synthesized in 32% yield and comprehensibly characterized (multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction). The monogold species showed no 31P nuclear magnetic resonance at 25 °C but two resonances at −70 °C due to rapid exchange of AuCl between the phosphinine donors at 25 °C and was also susceptible to redistribution reactions to form the digold species. Analogous reactions of [AuCl(tht)] with 2-diphenylphosphino-3-methyl-6-trimethylsilylphosphinine (22) revealed preferential coordination of the AuCl unit to the PPh2 donor first, with coordination to the phosphinine achieved upon reaction with the second equivalent of [AuCl(tht)]. Unexpectedly, the digold complex was not stable, undergoing decomposition to give an unidentified black precipitate. Structural information could only be obtained on the digold hydrolysis product [(AuCl)2(1-OH-2-PPh2-3-MePC5H4)], which showed an aurophilic interaction.
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19
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Walsgrove HTG, Patrick BO, Gates DP. Transition Metal-Induced Cyclization of 1-Phosphabutadienes: Selective Formation of 1-Phosphet-2-ene or P═C-Substituted Phosphacyclohexene Ligands. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry T. G. Walsgrove
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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20
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Hollingsworth WM, Hill EA. Exploring the potential role of heavy pnictogen elements in ligand design for new metal-ligand cooperative chemistry. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2124863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. M. Hollingsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - E. A. Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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21
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Barrett AN, Diefenbach M, Mahon MF, Krewald V, Webster RL. An Iron-Catalyzed Route to Dewar 1,3,5-Triphosphabenzene and Subsequent Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208663. [PMID: 35851715 PMCID: PMC9540597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of an alkyne cyclotrimerization regime with an [Fe(salen)]2 -μ-oxo (1) catalyst to triphenylmethylphosphaalkyne (2) yields gram-scale quantities of 2,4,6-tris(triphenylmethyl)-Dewar-1,3,5-triphosphabenzene (3). Bulky lithium salt LiHMDS facilitates a rearrangement of 3 to the 1,3,5-triphosphabenzene valence isomer (3'), which subsequently undergoes an intriguing phosphorus migration reaction to form the ring-contracted species (3''). Density functional theory calculations provide a plausible mechanism for this rearrangement. Given the stability of 3, a diverse array of unprecedented transformations was investigated. We report novel crystallographically characterized products of successful nucleophilic/electrophilic addition and protonation/oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N. Barrett
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton Down, BathBA2 7AYUK
| | | | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton Down, BathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of ChemistryTU Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Ruth L. Webster
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton Down, BathBA2 7AYUK
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22
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Barrett AN, Diefenbach M, Mahon MF, Krewald V, Webster RL. An Iron‐Catalyzed Route to Dewar 1,3,5‐triphosphabenzene and Subsequent Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam N. Barrett
- University of Bath Department of Chemistry BA2 7AY Bath UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Mary F. Mahon
- University of Bath Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Vera Krewald
- Technische Universitat Darmstadt Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Ruth L. Webster
- University of Bath Department of Chemistry Claverton Down BA2 7AY Bath UNITED KINGDOM
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23
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Paderina A, Ramazanov R, Valiev R, Müller C, Grachova E. So Close, Yet so Different: How One Donor Atom Changes Significantly the Photophysical Properties of Mononuclear Cu(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11629-11638. [PMID: 35786911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The manipulation of the photophysical properties of molecular emitters can be realized by composing the close environment of the metal center with the "heavier pnictogen atom" effect. Replacing a nitrogen atom with a heavier phosphorus atom in otherwise isostructural molecular systems results in a significant change of the photophysical parameters. Herein, we report on the synthesis of four pairs of novel phosphinine-based and isostructural diimine-based Cu(I) complexes, which feature peculiar photophysical properties, and show how these parameters depend on the "heavier pnictogen atom" effect. The obtained Cu(I) complexes show triplet luminescence with MLCT character, which was investigated by means of spectroscopic and computational methods. It has been found that the photophysical properties of the coordination compounds show a dependency on the rigidity of the ancillary phosphine ligand in an unexpected manner. Replacing the nitrogen atom with a heavier phosphorus atom in otherwise isostructural molecular systems results in a significant change in emission energy and especially in the lifetime of the excited state. The results obtained demonstrate an efficient approach to the design of emissive molecular materials, which allows the construction of luminescent complexes with controlled photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Paderina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ruslan Ramazanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rashid Valiev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Müller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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24
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Yue E, Petrov A, Frost DS, Dettling L, Conrad L, Wossidlo F, Coles NT, Weber M, Müller C. Highly flexible phosphabenzenes: a missing coordination mode of 2,4,6-triaryl-λ 3-phosphinines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6184-6187. [PMID: 35475894 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 2,4,6-triaryl-λ3-phosphinine-Cr(CO)3-π-complexes with [Rh(COD)2]BF4 leads to unusual diamagnetic Rh0-dimers, which contain two phosphinine-π-complexes acting as a bridging 2e--ligand towards the Rh2(CO)2 core. These compounds represent a missing coordination mode for the aromatic 6-membered phosphorus heterocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlin Yue
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany. .,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Key Laboratory of New Energy & New Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Andrey Petrov
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniel S Frost
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lea Dettling
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lawrence Conrad
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Friedrich Wossidlo
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nathan T Coles
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Manuela Weber
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Müller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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25
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Horváth Á, Benkő Z. Understanding the Mechanism of Diels-Alder Reactions with Anionic Dienophiles: A Systematic Comparison of [ECX] - (E = P, As; X = O, S, Se) Anions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7922-7934. [PMID: 35533395 PMCID: PMC9131451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
While Diels–Alder
(DA) reactions involving neutral or cationic
dienophiles are well-known, the characteristics of the analogous reactions
with anionic dienophiles are practically unexplored. Herein we present
the first comparative computational investigations on the characteristics
of DA cycloadditions with anionic dienophiles on the basis of the
reactions of [ECX]− anions (E = P, As; X = O, S,
Se) with 2H-pyran-2-one. All of these reactions were
found to be both kinetically and thermodynamically feasible, enabling
synthetic access toward 2-phosphaphenolate and arsaphenolate derivatives
in the future. This study also reveals that the [ECO]− anions show clear regioselectivity, while for [ECS]− and [ECSe]− anions, the two possible reaction
channels have very similar energetics. Additionally, the activation
barriers for the [ECO]− anions are lower than those
of the heavier analogues. The observed differences can be traced back
to the starkly differing nucleophilic character of the pnictogen center
in the anions, leading to a barrier-lowering effect in the case of
the [ECO]− anions. Furthermore, analysis of the
geometries and electron distributions of the corresponding transition
states revealed structure–property relationships, and thus
a direct comparison of the cycloaddition reactivity of these anions
was achieved. Along one of the two pathways, a good correlation was
found between the activation barriers and suitable nucleophilicity
descriptors (nucleophilic Parr function and global nucleophilicity).
Additionally, the tendency of the reaction energies can be explained
by the changing aromaticity of the products. In contrast to the phosphaethynolate [PCO]− anion, the cycloaddition reactivity of the heavier congeners ([ECX]−, where E = P, As and X = O, S, Se) is unexplored.
In this computational study, the Diels−Alder reaction between
the known [ECX]− anions and 2-pyrone was employed
to compare the reactivity patterns. The first activation barrier of
these reactions correlates with the nucleophilicity of the anions,
indicating a barrier-lowering effect. The feasibility of the studied
reactions, leading to P and As heterocycles, was also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Horváth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
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26
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Uttendorfer MK, Hierlmeier G, Wolf R. A Homoleptic Diphosphatetrahedrane Nickel(0) Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Uttendorfer
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 93040 Regensburg GERMANY
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 93040 Regensburg GERMANY
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg GERMANY
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27
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Ura R, Tsurusaki A, Kamikawa K. Palladium(II) complexes of bis(diphosphene) with different coordination behaviors. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2943-2952. [PMID: 35107100 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03806k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds possessing a P-P double-bond character are intriguing materials in coordination chemistry because it is possible to form a variety of coordination modes from the π-bond in addition to the lone pairs. We report herein the complexation of a new bidentate ligand, ethylene-tethered bis(binaphthyldiphosphene) (S,S)-2, with palladium(II) species. The reaction of (S,S)-2 with [Pd(π-allyl)(cod)](SbF6) and PdCl2(cod) afforded η1/η1-bis(diphosphene) complex 7 and η1-diphosphene/η2-phosphanylphosphide complex 8, respectively. The latter was characterized by a chloride migration from the palladium atom to a phosphorus atom due to the high electron-accepting character of the PP moiety. Theoretical calculations revealed the migration process and nature of complex 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikako Ura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Tsurusaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Ken Kamikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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28
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Reactivity Studies of Phosphinines: The Selenation of Diphenyl-Phosphine Substituents and Formation of a Chelating Bis(Phosphinine) Palladium(II) Complex. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphinines and donor-substituted phosphinines are of recent interest due to their use in homogeneous catalysis. In this article, a Pd(II) bis(phosphinine) complex was characterised and phosphorus–selenium coupling constants were used to assess the donor properties of the diphenylphosphine substituents of phosphinine ligands to promote their further use in catalysis. The selenation of 2,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-3,6-dimethylphosphinine (5) and 2-diphenylphosphino-3-methyl-6-trimethylsilylphosphinine (6) gave the corresponding phosphine selenides 8 and 9, respectively, leaving the phosphinine ring intact. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the oxidation of all the diphenylphosphine substituents with 1JP-Se coupling constants determined to be similar to SePPh3, indicating that the phosphinine rings were electronically similar to phenyl substituents. Solutions of 6 were found to react with oxygen slowly to produce the phosphine oxide 10 along with other by-products. The reaction of [bis{3-methyl-6-(trimethylsilyl)phosphinine-2-yl}dimethylsilane] (4) with [PdCl2(COD)] gave the chelating dichloropalladium(II) complex, as determined by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and an elemental analysis. The molecular structure of the intermediate 2 in the formation of 4,6-di(tert-butyl)-1,3,2-diazaphosphinine (3) was also determined, which confirmed the structure of the diazaphosphacycle P(Cl){N=C(tBu)CH=C(tBu)-N(H)}.
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29
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Lin J, Wossidlo. F, Coles NT, Weber M, Steinhauer S, Böttcher T, Müller C. Borane Adducts of Aromatic Phosphorus Heterocycles: Synthesis, Crystallographic Characterization and Reactivity of a Phosphinine-B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 Lewis Pair. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104135. [PMID: 34967480 PMCID: PMC9303379 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A phosphinine-borane adduct of a Me3 Si-functionalized phosphinine and the Lewis acid B(C6 F5 )3 has been synthesized and characterized crystallographically for the first time. The reaction strongly depends on the nature of the substituents in the α-position of the phosphorus heterocycle. In contrast, the reaction of B2 H6 with various substituted phosphinines leads to an equilibrium between the starting materials and the phosphinine-borane adducts that is determined by the Lewis basicity of the phosphinine. The novel phosphinine borane adduct (6-B(C6 F5 )3 ) shows rapid and facile insertion and [4+2] cycloaddition reactivity towards phenylacetylene. A hitherto unknown dihydro-1-phosphabarrelene is formed with styrene. The reaction with an ester provides a new, facile and selective route to 1-R-phosphininium salts. These salts then undergo a [4+2] cycloaddition in the presence of Me3 Si-C≡CH and styrene to cleanly form unprecedented derivatives of 1-R-phosphabarrelenium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiong Lin
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und BiochemieFabeckstr. 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Friedrich Wossidlo.
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und BiochemieFabeckstr. 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Nathan T. Coles
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und BiochemieFabeckstr. 34/3614195BerlinGermany
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park CampusNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Manuela Weber
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und BiochemieFabeckstr. 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und BiochemieFabeckstr. 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Tobias Böttcher
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Christian Müller
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und BiochemieFabeckstr. 34/3614195BerlinGermany
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30
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Gläsel T, Jiao H, Hapke M. Synthesis of Phosphinines from Co II-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gläsel
- Institute for Catalysis (INCA), Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18069 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marko Hapke
- Institute for Catalysis (INCA), Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18069 Rostock, Germany
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31
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Trodden EC, Delve MP, Luz C, Newland RJ, Andresen JM, Mansell SM. A ruthenium cis-dihydride with 2-phosphinophosphinine ligands catalyses the acceptorless dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13407-13411. [PMID: 34477181 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02508b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The first ruthenium dihydride complex featuring a phosphinine ligand cis-[Ru(H)2(2-PPh2-3-Me-6-SiMe3-PC5H2)2] was synthesised exclusively as the cis-isomer. When formed in situ from the reaction of cis-[Ru(Cl)2(2-PPh2-3-Me-6-SiMe3-PC5H2)2] with two equivalents of Na[BHEt3], as demonstrated by 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy, the catalysed acceptorless dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol was observed leading to benzyl benzoate in up to 70% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Trodden
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.,Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Matthew P Delve
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Christian Luz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Robert J Newland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - John M Andresen
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Stephen M Mansell
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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32
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Wossidlo F, Frost DS, Lin J, Coles NT, Klimov K, Weber M, Böttcher T, Müller C. Making Aromatic Phosphorus Heterocycles More Basic and Nucleophilic: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of the First Phosphinine Selenide. Chemistry 2021; 27:12788-12795. [PMID: 34251712 PMCID: PMC8518535 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and isolation of a phosphinine selenide was achieved for the first time by reacting red selenium with 2,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphinine. The rather large coupling constant of 1 JP,Se =883 Hz is in line with a P-Se bond of high s-character. The σ-electron donating Me3 Si-substituents significantly increase the energy of the phosphorus lone pair and hence its basicity, making the heterocycle considerably more basic and nucleophilic than the unsubstituted phosphinine C5 H5 P, as confirmed by the calculated gas phase basicities. NBO calculations further reveal that the lone pairs of the selenium atom are stabilized through donor-acceptor interactions with antibonding orbitals of the aromatic ring. The novel phosphinine selenide shows a distinct reactivity towards hexafluoro-2-butyne, Au(I)Cl as well as i PrOH. Our results pave the way for new perspectives in the chemistry of phosphorus in low coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Wossidlo
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel S Frost
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinxiong Lin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathan T Coles
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Klimov
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Weber
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Böttcher
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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33
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Ota K, Kinjo R. Heavier element-containing aromatics of [4 n+2]-electron systems. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10594-10673. [PMID: 34369490 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While the implication of the aromaticity concept has been dramatically expanded to date since its emergence in 1865, the classical [4n+2]/4n-electron counting protocol still plays an essential role in evaluating the aromatic nature of compounds. Over the last few decades, a variety of heavier heterocycles featuring the formal [4n+2] π-electron arrangements have been developed, which allows for assessing their aromatic nature. In this review, we present recent developments of the [4n+2]-electron systems of heavier heterocycles involving group 13-15 elements. The synthesis, spectroscopic data, structural parameters, computational data, and reactivity are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ota
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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34
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Welideniya D, Ramachandran MRK, Kalisch T, Streubel R. New frontiers: 1,4-diphosphinines and P-bridged bis(NHCs). Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9345-9366. [PMID: 34160506 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01624e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes synthetic concepts and breakthroughs in 1,4-diphosphinine and related P-bridged bis(NHCs) chemistry, covering the last four decades, starting from monocyclic 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diphosphinines in the early 80s to the most recent and promising achievements of tricyclic 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diphosphinines and tricyclic 1,4-diphosphinines. Theoretical aspects are presented for 1,4-dihydro- and 1,4-diphosphinines considering HOMO LUMO situations as well as the degree of aromaticity. Moreover, fundamental characteristics of analytical data of these compounds are highlighted with special focus on substituent effects, structural aspects and trends of electrophilicity. The two P-centers and the heterocyclic rings of 1,4-dihydro- and 1,4-diphosphinines constitute a broad platform for substitution, reduction/oxidation, alkylation, complexation and cycloaddition reactions, i.e., a comprehensive compilation of reactivity aspects is presented. Furthermore, very recent developments in the synthesis and reactivity of tricyclic PV/V- and PIII/III-bridged bis(imidazole-2-ylidenes) will be discussed together with new perspectives derived from an antiaromatic middle ring. In total, our intention is to show new frontiers, i.e., new synthetic paths, thus creating novel opportunities for potential applications in molecular and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanushi Welideniya
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mridhul R K Ramachandran
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Tim Kalisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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35
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Guo L, Su M, Zhan H, Liu W, Wang S. Silver‐Catalyzed Direct Regioselective C3 Phosphonation of 4
H
‐pyrido[1,2‐
a
]pyrimidin‐4‐ones With
H
‐phosphites. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Meiyun Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Haiying Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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