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Li K, Chen S, Wang J, Xiao X, Song Z, Liu S. Tooth whitening: current status and prospects. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00914-4. [PMID: 38565694 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
As a safe, effective, economical, and convenient technique, tooth whitening is one of the most popular treatments for improving tooth discoloration. This review summarizes the theoretical and recent research developments in the classification and mechanisms of tooth discoloration, as well as the principles, agents, effects, and side effects of tooth whitening techniques. The aim is to provide a basis for the clinical treatment of tooth whitening techniques and to suggest possible new ideas for further research. The accepted mechanism of whitening is the redox reaction of oxides in the whitening reagent, and the whitening effect is remarkable. However, side effects such as tooth sensitivity and irritation of gum and other oral soft tissues can still occur. It is recommended that more monitoring be carried out in the clinic to monitor these side effects, and care should be taken to protect the soft tissues in the mouth during office whitening procedures. Furthermore, there is a need to develop new additives or natural whitening products to reduce the occurrence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Li
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Song
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Ps S, Karumaran CS, R S A, Manuel CE, V JC, Stalin R. An In Vitro Study on the Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Bleaching Agents on Enamel: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) With Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) Evaluation. Cureus 2024; 16:e58318. [PMID: 38752025 PMCID: PMC11095582 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective The aim of the present in vitro study is to evaluate the morphological and elemental alterations in enamel following bleaching with hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agents of different concentrations and pH values when exposed to different treatment times. Materials and method Twenty extracted maxillary central incisors were selected for the study. Tooth samples were prepared by sectioning the tooth cervico-incisally into two halves. The teeth were divided into different groups based on the bleaching protocol and bleaching agent applied: Group IA, Group IB, Group IIA, and Group IIB. Group IA received a 35% hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agent of pH 6 for 10 minutes with light application. Group IB received a 35% hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agent of pH 6 for 30 minutes with light activation. Group IIA received a 40% hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agent of pH 8.5 for 10 minutes with chemical activation. Group IIB received a 40% hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agent of pH 8.5 for 30 minutes with chemical activation. The morphology of the enamel before and after the application of the bleaching agent was evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The elemental analysis of enamel between the control and test samples was done with the help of energy dispersive spectroscopy. Results Paired t-test was used to analyze the data obtained from the study. The test samples showed erosive alterations in enamel surface morphology and also a decrease in the concentration of minerals when compared to the corresponding control groups. Conclusions The present study evidences the erosive potential of hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agents. It can be concluded that bleaching agents containing high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide with acidic pH can cause mineral loss and surface erosion of enamel which is extremely detrimental to the tooth integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelakshmi Ps
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Arjun R S
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jaya Prakash (J P) Dental Specialists, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
| | | | - Jevina Christy V
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, IND
| | - Roselin Stalin
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
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Carneiro TDS, Favoreto MW, Ferreira MWC, Bernardi LG, Andrade HFD, Bandeca MC, Reis A, Ceballos García L, Loguercio AD. In-office dental bleaching in adolescents using 6% hydrogen peroxide with different application tips: randomized clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230216. [PMID: 37909527 PMCID: PMC10609651 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the availability of in-office bleaching gels with a 6% concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HP), these gels have not been evaluated in younger patients. They are commercially available with a tip, associated or not with a brush, where the tip with a brush spreads the gel over the entire surface to have a smaller thickness (thin layer) since the manufacturers indicate the application of a thin layer of gel. This randomized, split-mouth, double-blind clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of in-office bleaching with 6% HP in adolescents using different application tips, as well tooth sensitivity (TS) and aesthetic self-perception. METHODOLOGY Sixty participants were randomized for 6% HP self-mixing bleaching gel tip design: without brush and with brush. In-office bleaching was performed in 3 sessions of 50 minutes. Color change was evaluated using a digital spectrophotometer (ΔE ab , ΔE 00 , and ΔWI D ) and color guide (ΔSGU), the absolute risk and intensity of TS with a visual analogue scale and aesthetic self-perception with the oral aesthetic scale (a=0.05). RESULTS The groups achieved similar bleaching regardless of the application tip (p>0.05). However, only for ΔWI D , a significant mean difference (MD) was observed in the third week (MD 2.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.3; p < 0.001) and at one month (MD 1.6; 95% CI 0.6 to 2.6; p < 0.03) favoring the tip without brush. Regarding TS, 45% in the tip-without-brush group and 33% in the tip-with-brush group reported TS (odds ratio 0.61; 95% CI 0.29 to 1.28; p<0.02), with low TS intensity (MD 0.05; 95% CI -0.06 to 0.17; p>0.36). All patients reported improved aesthetic self-perception after bleaching (MD -1.3; 95% -1.8 to -0.9; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the tip used bleaching with 6% HP achieved a bleaching efficacy and improved the aesthetic self-perception. However, a lower risk of TS for application using the tip with brush was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taynara de Souza Carneiro
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa , Departamento de Dentística Restauradora , Ponta Grossa , Brasil
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , IDIBO, Madrid , España
| | - Michael Willian Favoreto
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa , Departamento de Dentística Restauradora , Ponta Grossa , Brasil
| | | | - Laís Giacomini Bernardi
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa , Departamento de Dentística Restauradora , Ponta Grossa , Brasil
| | | | - Matheus Coelho Bandeca
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa , Departamento de Dentística Restauradora , Ponta Grossa , Brasil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa , Departamento de Dentística Restauradora , Ponta Grossa , Brasil
| | - Laura Ceballos García
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , IDIBO, Madrid , España
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Fittler M, Rozmer Z, Fittler A. Rampant online marketing of teeth whitening products: Evaluation of online information, labelling accuracy and quantitative analysis of high peroxide content gels. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19463. [PMID: 37809774 PMCID: PMC10558595 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background /Purpose: Online vendors seize the advantage of the high demand on home-use, do-it-yourself dental bleaching products. The study aims to present the uncontrolled online market of dental products and provide evidence of consumer safety risks associated with the utilization of high peroxide content bleaching products without dentist's supervision, and also to identify misleading and insufficient information on content and compromised product quality. Materials and methods A complex risk-based methodology was used including website content evaluation focusing on ingredients, precautionary statements and directions for use provided by online retailers. Bleaching products were test procured in which packaging and labels were documented and assessed. Quality control was performed using the permanganometric method per the official European Pharmacopoeia. Results One (16.7%) of six test procured peroxide gels was not delivered. Another arrived without enclosed description or instructions. The ingredient list was incomplete or missing for all (100%) online products, however, it was listed on the label or in enclosed documentation in four out of five (80%) samples. Precautionary statements were scarcely (16.7%) disclosed online, contrarily, safety claims were emphasized by most (83.3%) websites. Contraindications and adverse effects were mentioned in the majority (80%) of the delivered product labels. One sample contained no active principle, in two sample' peroxide content exceeded the label's claim by 5.2-9.0% while in another two it was below the concentration indicated on the labels by 79.9-80.7%. Conclusions Dissimilarity in regulations elicits an opportunity for consumers to purchase inappropriately labeled, questionable quality, high peroxide content dental products without information regarding ingredients, application and risks. The uncontrolled market, easy access and unsupervised application of high peroxide-content teeth whiteners imply patient safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Fittler
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Rozmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Fittler
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Hashemikamangar SS, Farahani S, Khoshgoo S, Doroudgar P. Comparative Efficacy of Four Stain Removal Methods for Bleach-Shade Composite Resins after Immersion in Staining Solutions: An In Vitro Study. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:8909288. [PMID: 37342250 PMCID: PMC10277192 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8909288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bleach-shade composite resins were recently introduced to the market due to the high demand of patients for whiter teeth. This study sought to compare four stain removal methods for bleach-shade composite resins. Materials and Methods Seventy-two discs were fabricated from each of the Filtek Z350 XT and Gradia XBW composite resins and immersed in coffee or sour cherry juice staining solutions. Each group was then divided into four subgroups to assess the efficacy of four stain removal methods (finishing with soft-lex disk "brush with pumice" bleaching with carbamide peroxide 16%, bleaching with hydrogen peroxide 40%). The color of each specimen was measured by Easyshade spectrophotometer, and data were analyzed using SPSS 25 statistical package for social sciences. Results The home-bleaching technique was more effective than the office-bleaching and pumice for the removal of sour cherry juice stain (ΔE = 1.93) and coffee stain (ΔE = 3.32) from Gradia composite discs, almost returning the baseline original color. The Sof-Lex discs were more effective than the pumice for the removal of sour cherry juice stain (ΔE = 4.11) and coffee stain (ΔE = 4.93) from Z350 composite discs but not return the baseline original color. Conclusions Filtek Z350 had more discoloration than Gradia Direct. The different materials and solutions reacted differently to the four stain removal methods. In GCJ group after all stain removal methods, ΔE reduced to a clinically acceptable level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shakiba Farahani
- Restorative Departments, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Doroudgar
- Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fioresta R, Melo M, Forner L, Sanz JL. Prognosis in home dental bleaching: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05069-0. [PMID: 37273018 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prognosis of at-home dental bleaching using low concentration bleaching products. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review was conducted was performed following the recommendations of the 2020 PRISMA statement and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO-CRD42022360530). The PICO question was "What is the prognosis of home teeth whitening treatment?". An advanced electronic search was made in three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. RESULTS The database search led to the retrieval of 225 articles. After elimination of duplicate references, the titles and abstracts of the articles were analyzed with respect to the eligibility criteria, and 24 studies were included for the development of the systematic review. CONCLUSIONS Most authors state that the color remains stable between 1 and 2.5 years regardless of the type of bleaching agent or the forms of administration, and color stability in cases of severe discolorations presents a higher degree of recurrence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Given the growing demand for dental cosmetic treatments, the following systematic review may aid the clinician's continuing education and evidence-based practice by providing knowledge on the field of at-home dental bleaching agents and their long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Fioresta
- Departament of Stomatology, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gasgó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament of Stomatology, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gasgó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament of Stomatology, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gasgó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Departament of Stomatology, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gasgó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Basheer RR, Abouelmagd DM, Alnefaie A, Baamer R. Effect of At-Home Versus Over-the-Counter Bleaching Agents on Enamel Color, Roughness, and Color Stability. Cureus 2023; 15:e39036. [PMID: 37323345 PMCID: PMC10266434 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of standard at-home bleaching agents in comparison to new over-the-counter (OTC) products on human enamel regarding color change, color stability, and surface roughness. Methodology A total of 80 extracted adult human maxillary central incisors were prepared and arbitrarily divided into the following four equal groups (N =20): group A: at-home opalescence boost containing 15% carbamide peroxide (CP); group B: crest whitening strips containing 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP); group C: light-emitted diode (LED) home tray with 20% CP + 4% HP; and group D: white and black toothpaste containing active charcoal components. Tooth color was measured using a spectrophotometer. Enamel surface roughness using a three-dimensional optical profilometer was measured before and after the bleaching procedure. To assess color stability, each bleached group was further subdivided into two equal subgroups (n = 10) according to the immersion media of either coffee or tea. Finally, the color was measured after 24 hours of immersion. Results All groups showed improvement in color from the baseline. The crest whitening strips group showed the lowest color improvement in comparison to all other groups. After staining, group C showed the lowest mean color change value ∆E2. No statistically significant difference was noted in surface roughness among all groups. Conclusions All OTC bleaching products as well as at-home bleaching improve teeth color and increase roughness on the enamel surface. Staining media has an adverse effect on the teeth after bleaching. The LED home tray showed a better whitening effect and color stability after bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha R Basheer
- Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
- Conservative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, EGY
| | - Dalia M Abouelmagd
- Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
- Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
| | - Abeer Alnefaie
- General Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Raghad Baamer
- General Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Carneiro TS, Favoreto MW, Bernardi LG, Bandeca MC, Borges C, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Application Tip and Concentration of a Self-mixing Bleach: Hydrogen Peroxide Inside the Pulp Chamber, Color Change, and Amount of Bleaching Gel Used. Oper Dent 2023; 48:146-154. [PMID: 36786759 DOI: 10.2341/21-053-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate if the application method (tip with brush or tip without brush) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentration (6% or 35% self-mixing) of in-office bleaching gel influences the penetration of HP into the pulp chamber, color change, and the amount of bleaching gel used. METHODS Forty healthy premolars were randomly divided into the following five groups (n=8): no treatment; HP6% using a tip with a brush, HP6% using a tip without a brush, HP35% using a tip with a brush, and HP35% using a tip without a brush. After treatments, the HP concentration (μg/mL) within the pulp chamber was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The color change (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID) was evaluated using a digital spectrophotometer. The amount of gel used (g) in each group was measured using a precision analytical balance. Data from each test were submitted to parametric tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The tip with a brush resulted in a lower amount of HP inside the pulp chamber and less gel used when compared with the tip without a brush, regardless of HP concentration (p<0.05). However, regarding the tip used, although no significant difference was observed when HP35% was used (p>0.05), a higher whitening effect was observed when the 6% HP was applied without a brush as opposed to with a tip brush (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of a tip with a brush, regardless of the in-office bleaching gel concentration (6% or 35% self-mixing), presented a lower penetration and lower volume of spent gel when compared to a tip without brush. However, the whitening effect depended on the concentration of HP used.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Carneiro
- Taynara S Carneiro, DDDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Stomatology, IDIBO research group, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M W Favoreto
- Michael W Favoreto, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - L G Bernardi
- Lais G Bernardi, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - M C Bandeca
- Matheus C Bandeca, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Cpf Borges
- Christiane PF Borges, BSc, PhD, Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - A D Loguercio
- *Alessandro D Loguercio, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry State University of Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Pereira R, Silveira J, Dias S, Cardoso A, Mata A, Marques D. Bleaching efficacy and quality of life of different bleaching techniques - randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:7167-7177. [PMID: 35976497 PMCID: PMC9383653 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate bleaching efficacy and oral health-related quality of life (ORHQoL) of three bleaching systems with similar hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentration for up to 6 months post-treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized controlled trial was designed with three parallel groups: group A - in-office 6% HP paint-on varnish; group B - at-home 6% HP with adaptable tray; group C - at-home 16% carbamide peroxide with custom tray. At three different stages (baseline, after bleaching, and 6-month follow-up), ORHQoL was evaluated by the OHIP-14 questionnaire and tooth color of the upper canines and central incisors were measured by two shade guides and a spectrophotometer (measuring CIE L*a*b* with respective color/whiteness differences - ΔE00/ΔWID). Results were presented as mean and 95% confidence intervals and statistical tests were performed appropriately, considering a significance level of α = 0.05. RESULTS All groups presented significant color differences (P < 0.05) between all stages, with ΔE00/ΔWID surpassing the perceptibility threshold in 98% cases, with group C's results being significantly (P < 0.05) higher when compared to other groups, although with significantly (P < 0.05) higher values of color relapse. Significative ORHQoL improvements (P < 0.05) were detected after bleaching in a global analysis with no differences between techniques. CONCLUSIONS All techniques presented bleaching efficacy, color stability, and improvements in ORHQoL up to 6 months post-treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians may consider both at-home and in-office bleaching techniques with 6% HP to attain long-lasting satisfactory clinical results while producing positive changes in ORHQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Pereira
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Silveira
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group - LIB-Phys FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Dias
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Cardoso
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Mata
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group - LIB-Phys FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte Marques
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group - LIB-Phys FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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10
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Yeslam HE, AlZahrani SJ. Time-dependent effect of intense capsule-coffee and bleaching on the color of resin-infiltrated enamel white spot lesions: an in vitro study. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14135. [PMID: 36221260 PMCID: PMC9548318 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives White spot lesions (WSLs) are a common problem that can be conservatively managed by resin infiltration. Consumption of dark beverages such as coffee causes staining of dental hard tissues, which can deteriorate the esthetic qualities of treated WSLs. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of dark coffee heavy consumption on ICON® resin infiltrated WSLs and the influence of bleaching on them after staining. Methods Twenty surfaces from sound human extracted third molars were used in the study. Two square-shaped buccal and lingual window areas had artificially created WSLs (received buccal resin infiltration afterward). Using VITA Easyshade, the baseline ΔE was recorded. Espresso coffee was used to immerse all surfaces for 8 days. The color coordinates according to CIE LAB were recorded for all surfaces at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days of immersion, and ΔE was calculated at each timepoint. After 8 days, in-office bleaching was applied to all surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions and the color. Coordinates and ΔE were recorded. For statistical analysis, an independent sample t-test was used to compare each group. A general linear mixed model (GLMM) repeated measure ANOVA was applied for statistical analysis of L*and changes due to staining over time. Results Analysis of time as a main effect on the L values of surfaces was statistically highly significant (p < 0.01). The interaction of time with surfaces under investigation and type of surface (test vs. control) as a main effect were non-significant (p = 0.47 and p = 0.35, respectively). Bleaching showed a significant difference in color lightness in both test and control surfaces compared to the mean L value at 8 days of staining (p < 0.01). Conclusion Capsule-coffee consumption gradually influences the esthetic of resin infiltration on treated teeth. However, bleaching materials might restore an esthetic shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin E. Yeslam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed J. AlZahrani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Yang SY, Han AR, Kim KM, Kwon JS. Effects of incorporating 45S5 bioactive glass into 30% hydrogen peroxide solution on whitening efficacy and enamel surface properties. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5301-5312. [PMID: 35459971 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 30% hydrogen peroxide (HP) solution containing various contents of 45S5 bioactive glass (BAG) on whitening efficacy and enamel surface properties after simulating the clinical bleaching procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 bovine enamel specimens discolored with black tea were divided into five groups treated with distilled water (DW), HP, 0.01 wt.% BAG + HP, 1.0 wt.% BAG + HP, and 20.0 wt.% BAG + HP (n = 12). The pH change was observed for 20 min immediately after mixing the experimental solutions, which were applied for 20 min/week, at 37 °C over 21 days. Color, gloss, roughness, microhardness, and micromorphology measurements were conducted before and after bleaching treatment. RESULTS All groups containing BAG experienced an increase in pH from 3.5 to 5.5 in less than 1 min, and the final pH increased as the BAG content increased. The ΔE of all experimental groups was significantly higher than that of the DW group (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between different BAG contents (p > 0.05). Gloss significantly decreased in all experimental groups compared to the DW group, and the increased BAG content had significantly affected the decrease in gloss (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in surface roughness (p > 0.05), but hardness increased significantly with BAG content after bleaching treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HP containing 45S5 BAG showed efficacy in tooth whitening. Also, the pH value of the HP remained acidic near 3.5 for 20 min, while the HP containing the 45S5 BAG showed an increase in pH, which inhibited the demineralization of the enamel surface, and maintained the surface morphology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These novel materials are promising candidates to minimize enamel surface damage caused by HP during bleaching procedure in dental clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Yang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ruem Han
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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BİLGİLİ CAN D, ÖZARSLAN M. EFFECT OF WHITENING MOUTHWASH ON COLOR CHANGE OF DISCOLORED BULK-FILL COMPOSITE RESINS. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.1032447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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LED photobiomodulation effect on the bleaching-induced sensitivity with hydrogen peroxide 35%-a controlled randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3853-3864. [PMID: 34997849 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a protocol of photobiomodulation (PBM) with light-emitting diodes (LED) on the clinical risk of bleaching-induced sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-four volunteers were selected and randomly divided in two groups, placebo (PG) and LED (LG). The LG received PBM irradiation and tooth bleaching, while the PG received tooth bleaching and simulation of the irradiation. The occurrence of painful sensitivity was recorded during the dental bleaching; immediately after bleaching; and 24, 48, and 72 h after tooth bleaching. At the same measurement times, data were collected on the intensity of sensitivity (VAS and NRS scale) and teeth affected by bleaching-induced sensitivity. A questionnaire sought to measure how the painful sensitivity influenced basic daily activities. Tooth color measures were performed using subjective and objective methods. RESULTS LED irradiation decreased the occurrence of sensitivity at all studied evaluation times as well as its intensity, with the exception of the 72-h data when both groups presented no difference. Teeth affected by bleaching-induced sensitivity were significantly greater in the PG. Color measurements presented no differences between the groups in the recently after and later measures. CONCLUSIONS PBM with LED decreases sensitivity risk and sensibility intensity during and after office bleaching and causes no influence on the shade degree of whitening achieved. The decrease in tooth sensitivity provided more comfort and less suffering while drinking. CLINICAL RELEVANCE LED irradiation is a promising intervention in the control of bleaching-induced sensitivity. TRIAL REGISTRATION RBR-7hpfwj. Sensitivity intensity measured by the VAS scale (0-10) in the first whitening session (Graphic A) and second whitening session (Graphic B). Significance level set at ≤ 5%. *Mann-Whiteney U test. Columns followed by the same letter are significant different (ap < 0.001; bp < 0.001; cp < 0.001; dp =0.013; ep < 0.001; fp < 0.001; gp < 0.001; hp = 0.002).
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Pauli MC, Kanemaru MYS, Francisco Vieira-Junior W, Lima DANL, Bicas JL, Leonardi GR. Current status of whitening agents and enzymes in Dentistry. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-979020201000x32e19501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Samaha AE, ElFadl AK, Anwar MN. The micro-shear bond strength of resin cements to aged laser bleached enamel after using different desensitizing agents. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 8:248-256. [PMID: 34562058 PMCID: PMC8874074 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the micro‐shear bond strength of two resin cements to aged laser bleached enamel after the application of three different desensitizing agents. Materials and methods Forty extracted human central and lateral incisors were prepared and bleached using laser activation bleaching protocol. The teeth were assigned randomly into four groups for desensitization; G1: No post‐bleaching treatment, G2: GC MI Paste Plus, G3: Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n‐HAP) and G4: Flor‐Opal. Specimens were subjected to aging for 6 months. All groups were subdivided into two subgroups according to the resin cements used (dual‐curing resin cement and light‐curing resin cement). Results Flor‐Opal groups showed the highest statistically significant micro‐shear bond strength (MSBS), followed by GC MI Paste Plus and n‐HAP groups with no statistically significant difference between them. The light‐curing resin cement had statistically higher MSBS than dual‐curing resin cement in case of no‐post bleaching treatment and n‐HAP groups, and no statistical difference in case of GC MI Paste Plus and Flor‐Opal groups. Conclusion Usage of desensitizing agents containing, CPP‐ACP, n‐HAP or fluoride after laser bleaching can enhance the bond strength of the resin cements to enamel. Clinical significance The composition of the desensitizing agents applied after laser bleaching could interfere in bond strength values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya E Samaha
- Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams university, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad K ElFadl
- Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams university, Cairo, Egypt
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Moran BM, Ziegelmann PK, Berger SB, Burey A, de Paris Matos T, Fernández E, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Evaluation of Tooth Sensitivity of In-office Bleaching with Different Light Activation Sources: A Systematic Review and a Network Meta-analysis. Oper Dent 2021; 46:E199-E223. [PMID: 35486507 DOI: 10.2341/20-127-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A systematic review and network meta-analysis were performed to answer the following research question: Are there differences in the risk and the intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) among eight light activation systems for in-office bleaching in adults? METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared at least two different in-office bleaching light activations were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated with the RoB tool version 1.0 from the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A random-effects Bayesian mixed treatment comparison (MTC) model was used independently for high- and low-concentration hydrogen peroxide. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) approach. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Bridge Base Online (BBO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database (LILACS), Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and grey literature without date and language restrictions on April 23, 2017 (updated on September 26, 2019). Dissertations and theses, unpublished and ongoing trials registries, and IADR (International Association for Dental Research) abstracts (2001-2019) were also searched. RESULTS After title and abstract screening and the removal of duplicates, 32 studies remained. Six were considered to be at low RoB, three had high RoB, and the remaining had an unclear RoB. The MTC analysis showed no significant differences among the treatments in each network. In general, the certainty of the evidence was graded as low due to unclear RoB and imprecision. CONCLUSION There is no evidence that the risk and intensity of TS are affected by light activation during in-office bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Moran
- *Bianca M Maran, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - P K Ziegelmann
- Patrícia K Ziegelmann, DDS, MS, PhD, associate professor, Statistics Department and Post-Graduation Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - S B Berger
- Sandrine Bittencourt Berger DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Paraná, Londrina, Paraná
| | - A Burey
- Adrieli Burey, DDS, MS, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - T de Paris Matos
- Thalita de Paris Matos, DDS, MS, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E Fernández
- Eduardo Fernández, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department Restorative Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Professor, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - A D Loguercio
- Alessandro D Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, adjunct professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, MS, PhD, adjunctive professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Chemin K, Rezende M, Costa MC, Salgado A, de Geus JL, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Kossatz S. Evaluation of At-home Bleaching Times on Effectiveness and Sensitivity with 10% Hydrogen Peroxide: A Randomized Controlled Double-blind Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2021; 46:385-394. [PMID: 34370025 DOI: 10.2341/20-104-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial was to evaluate different protocols for at-home use of 10% hydrogen peroxide in whitening effectiveness and tooth sensitivity. METHODS Seventy-two patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with the upper central incisors having color A2 or darker according to the Vita Classical scale (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and randomized into two groups: 10% hydrogen peroxide applied once daily for 15 minutes (HP 15) or applied once daily for 30 minutes (HP 30). Bleaching was performed for 14 days in both groups. The color was evaluated before bleaching, during bleaching (1st and 2nd weeks), and 1 month after the bleaching treatment using the Vita Classical, Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER, and Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer (VITA Zahnfabrik). Dental sensitivity was recorded by the patients using the numerical rating scale (0-4) and visual analogue scale (0-10 cm). Color data were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of repeated measures (group vs. treatment time). The Mann-Whitney test was performed to contrast the means (α=0.05). Tooth sensitivity was assessed by Fisher's exact test (p=1.00) and intensity of tooth sensitivity was evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05) for both scales. RESULTS A significant whitening effect was observed after 2 weeks of bleaching for all color measurements (p=0.01), with no difference between HP 15 and HP 30 (p>0.05). Also, the absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity were similar (47%; p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness and tooth sensitivity of at-home bleaching carried out with 10% hydrogen peroxide applied for 15 minutes or 30 minutes are similar.
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Effects of preoperative air-powder polishing and rubber-cup prophylaxis on tooth bleaching: randomized controlled split-mouth clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6007-6014. [PMID: 34145478 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This clinical study aimed to compare the effects of preoperative air-powder polishing and rubber-cup prophylaxis on tooth bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-three patients with tooth discoloration were enrolled in this randomized controlled split-mouth experimental study. Before bleaching, air-powder polishing (APP) and rubber-cup polishing (RCP) techniques were applied on either side of the mouth. A 40% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent was applied twice for 15 min for the in-office bleaching treatment. The tooth bleaching effects were assessed immediately and 1 week after bleaching. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the prophylaxis groups with respect to all color parameters (ΔL, Δa, Δb, ΔSGU, and ΔE00) immediately after bleaching (p > 0.05). At 1-week assessment period, there were no significant differences between the prophylaxis groups with respect to all color parameters (p > 0.05), except ΔE00 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Immediately after the bleaching treatment, the two prophylactic techniques produced similar efficacy. One week after the bleaching treatment, the APP technique produced higher levels of color changes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE APP prophylaxis before bleaching treatment may reduce the application time and the number of sessions to achieve the desired color. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT04407910.
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Thacker M, Chen YN, Lin CP, Lin FH. Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073759. [PMID: 33916642 PMCID: PMC8038621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The available tooth whitening products in the market contain high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an active ingredient. Therefore, in order to curb the high H2O2 concentration and instability of liquid H2O2, this study evaluated the efficacy and cytotoxicity of the bleaching gel composed of 10% calcium peroxide (CaO2) and visible-light-activating nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) with methyl cellulose as a thickener. Extracted bovine teeth were discolored using coffee and black tea stain solution and were divided into two groups (n = 6). Bleaching was performed thrice on each tooth specimen in both the groups, with one minute of visible light irradiation during each bleaching time. The CIELAB L*a*b* values were measured pre- and post-bleaching. The N-TiO2 calcinated at 350 °C demonstrated a shift towards the visible light region by narrowing the band gap energy from 3.23 eV to 2.85 eV. The brightness (ΔL) and color difference (ΔE) increased as bleaching progressed each time in both the groups. ANOVA results showed that the number of bleaching significantly affected ΔE (p < 0.05). The formulated bleaching gel exhibits good biocompatibility and non-toxicity upon exposure to 3T3 cells. Our findings showed that CaO2-based bleaching gel at neutral pH could be a stable, safe, and effective substitute for tooth whitening products currently available in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Thacker
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; (M.T.); (Y.-N.C.)
| | - Yi-Ning Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; (M.T.); (Y.-N.C.)
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; (M.T.); (Y.-N.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-928-260-400
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Karimi Z, Saoui H, Sakout M, Abdallaoui F. Effect of Vital Bleaching on Micromorphology of Enamel Surface: an in Vitro Study. Prim Dent J 2021; 10:126-131. [PMID: 33722125 DOI: 10.1177/2050168420980966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of bleaching agents commonly used in micromorphology of the enamel surface and to assess the effect of concentration and of adding fluoride in the bleaching agents. METHODS Sixty freshly extracted intact teeth were stored in distilled water. One half of each tooth was served as control, the other part was treated with bleaching agent. Samples were randomly divided into six groups of ten, according to the bleaching agents: G1- at-home-CP10; G2- at-home-CP16; G3- at-home-CP22; G4- in-office-CP35; G5- in-office-HP40 with fluoride; G6- in-office-HP40 without fluoride. Enamel specimens for each group were then submitted to a quantitative scanning electron microscopy. Number of pores and their diameter were measured to assess porosity of enamel surface. RESULTS SEM analysis revealed enamel surface porosity after bleaching. Significant increase in number and major diameter of pores in bleached samples (p<0.001) were observed. The comparison between samples treated with 10% PC and samples treated with 22% PC showed significant increase in number of pores (p=0.006) and major diameter (p=0.001) from samples treated with 22% PC. Statistical analyses showed significant increase in the number of pores (p=0.006) from samples treated with 40% HP without fluoride compared to samples treated with 40% HP containing fluoride. CONCLUSIONS Bleaching products with low concentration cause less porosity at surface of the enamel compared to concentrated products. Adding fluoride in the bleaching agent appears to reduce porosity of enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Karimi
- Assistant Professor in Conservative Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Morocco
| | | | - Majid Sakout
- Professor of Higher Education in Conservative Dentistry, Professor of Higher Education and head of service of conservative dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Morocco
| | - Faiza Abdallaoui
- Professor of Higher Education and Head of Service of Conservative Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
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In-office bleaching with low/medium vs. high concentrate hydrogen peroxide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2020; 103:103499. [PMID: 33068711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To answer the following research question: "Dolow/medium hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentrations used for in-office bleaching in patients with permanent dentition have similar color change and bleaching sensitivity (BS) to high HP concentrations?" DATA Randomized controlled trials that compared low/medium vs. high concentrate HP were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Meta-analyses were conducted for color change (ΔE*ab, ΔSGU/SGU), risk, and intensity of BS, using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Cochrane Q test, I2 statistics, and prediction interval. The GRADE assessed the certainty of the evidence. SOURCES Search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, BBO, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science and grey literature on 15th September 2018 (updated on 13th May 2020). STUDY SELECTION 25 studies remained. Five were at low RoB; thirteen were at unclear RoB, and seven were at high RoB. The risk of having BS was, on average, 33 % lower (RR = 0.67; 95 % CI 0.51 to 0.86) for low/medium concentrate HP than high HP. No significant difference in color change was detected among groups, except from the subgroup low vs. high HP for the immediate color change, but this difference is not clinically relevant. The certainty of evidence for color change was low and very low, and moderate for the BS. CONCLUSIONS Low and medium hydrogen peroxide concentrate products for in-office bleaching have lower risk and intensity of bleaching sensitivity than the high concentrate hydrogen peroxide group, with no difference in color change efficacy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of low concentrate hydrogen peroxide products may produce the same color change efficacy with the bonus of having lower risk and intensity of bleaching sensitivity. However, the ideal concentration at which this occurs is yet unknown and deserves further investigations. No funding. PROSPERO CRD42018108266.
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Karaokutan I, Aykent F. Effect of a Home Bleaching Agent on the Ion Elution of Different Esthetic Materials. J Prosthodont 2020; 29:805-813. [PMID: 32557924 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of a 16% carbamide peroxide home bleaching agent on the ion elution of different esthetic restorative materials and to determine if the released ions exceed the minimal risk levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ceramic materials comprising a low-fusing porcelain (Vita VM7), lithium disilicate glass-ceramics (IPS e.max Press and IPS e.max CAD), zirconium substructure materials (IPS e.max ZirCAD and Vita In-Ceram YZ for InLab), and ceromers (Estenia and Tescera ATL) were chosen. Thirty disk-shaped specimens (2 mm thickness and 10 mm diameter) were fabricated from each material and then were divided into 3 experimental groups to receive one of the following solutions: acetic acid (positive control), a bleaching agent and distilled water (negative control) (n = 10/group). For the bleaching agent, the specimens were subjected to a 16% carbamide peroxide solution (VOCO Perfect Bleach) for 2 hours per day for 14 days. A 4% acetic acid solution was applied at 80°C for 16 hours according to the ISO 6872:2015 protocol and specimens of negative control group were immersed in distilled water for 16 hours. Ion elution measurements were conducted with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) after immersion in the solutions, and the weight loss of the materials was measured with a precision scale. Changes in the surface topography were investigated by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results were evaluated using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). RESULTS Among the specimens tested, the most ion elution was observed in the Tescera ATL group, and the least ion elution was observed in the e.max ZirCAD group in all solutions. Ion elution was found to be greater in the bleaching agent than in the acetic acid and distilled water groups. Sodium was the most released ion, and zinc and lithium were the least released among the elements tested. CONCLUSIONS It should be noted that the bleaching-related ion release may exceed toxic doses even if restorative materials meet ISO 6872 standards, and the materials should be protected before home bleaching to prevent ion elution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isil Karaokutan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Filiz Aykent
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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Sürmelioğlu D, Özçetin HK, Özdemir ZM, Yavuz SA, Aydın U. Effectiveness and SEM-EDX analysis following bleaching with an experimental bleaching gel containing titanium dioxide and/or chitosan. Odontology 2020; 109:114-123. [PMID: 32440750 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bleaching effectiveness and mineral alterations following the use of experimental bleaching gels that included 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and/or chitosan in comparison with the routinely used 35% HP bleaching gel. Thirty-six maxillary anterior teeth were divided into three groups according to bleaching agent as follows: Group 1: 6% HP + TiO2, Group 2: 6% HP + TiO2 + chitosan, Group 3: 35% HP. Tooth colour was measured with a spectrophotometer before bleaching and after sessions one and two on days 14 and 30, respectively. Colour changes were assessed with the CIEDE2000 and CIELab formulas. Mineral analysis was performed with a scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) device before and 14 days after application. The enamel surfaces of randomly selected samples from each group were analysed by SEM. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare differences between groups. All tested materials resulted in significantly increased bleaching compared to the initial colour values (p < 0.05). Group 3 showed significantly more whitening compared to the other groups after the first and second sessions (p < 0.05). However, Group 2 presented prolonged whitening efficiency and reached a bleaching level similar to the 35% HP treatment after 14 and 30 days. The results of the CIEDE2000 and CIELab formulas were found to be correlated (r > 0.6). The increases in Ca were similar in Groups 2 and 3 (p > 0.05) and were significantly higher than that in Group 1 (p < 0.05). p was similarly decreased among all groups (p > 0.05). The combination of 6% HP, chitosan and TiO2 appears to constitute a promising material for tooth whitening, showing good bleaching efficiency and acceptable mineral alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Uğur Aydın
- Gaziantep Universitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakultesi, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Souza DFSD, Pierote JJA, Aguiar FHB, Paulillo LAMS, Lima DANL. Resolution of a fluorosis case through the association of minimally invasive techniques. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8657330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Color changes may interfere with smile balance and they represent a clinical challenge to dentists. Dental fluorosis originates from intrinsic factors and it is a disorder of enamel formation during the phase of teeth development, resulting in the change of enamel color. This clinical case report aimed to present the resolution of a case of dental fluorosis through the association of minimally invasive techniques, namely microabrasion and tooth bleaching. A 27-year-old male patient sought the dental clinic of the School of Dentistry of Piracicaba (FOP - UNICAMP, Brazil) presenting striped and symmetrical white stains and generalized chromogenic biofilm. After anamnesis and clinical examination, the patient was diagnosed with fluorosis stains. Initially, adequacy of the oral environment was performed with prophylaxis and supragingival scraping. Then, the enamel microabrasion technique was performed with 6% hydrochloric acid associated with silicon carbide (Whiteness RM - FGM) and supervised at-home bleaching was performed with 16% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness Simple 16% - FGM). In conclusion, the treatment performed reestablished the aesthetics and harmony of smile color with minimally invasive procedures without causing tooth sensitivity.
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Della Bona A, Pecho OE, Ghinea R, Cardona JC, Paravina RD, Perez MM. Influence of Bleaching and Aging Procedures on Color and Whiteness of Dental Composites. Oper Dent 2019; 44:648-658. [DOI: 10.2341/18-209-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Bleaching can cause perceptible color changes on resin-based composite (RBC) restorations that may not be stable with aging. The objective of this study was to evaluate color stability and whiteness variations of RBCs after bleaching and aging procedures. Discs (10 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick) of shades A2 and A3 were fabricated from two RBCs (Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350 XT) and divided into three subgroups (for each composite and shade) (n=5) as follows: control (no bleaching), at-home bleaching, and in-office bleaching. All specimens underwent an accelerated artificial aging up to 450 KJ/m2 and 900 KJ/m2 in an aging chamber (Suntest XXL+). A spectroradiometer (SpectraScan PR-670) was used to obtain CIE L*a*b* coordinates. CIEDE2000 color difference (ΔE00) and whiteness index for dentistry (WID) were used to evaluate color stability. Color and whiteness differences data were analyzed considering the 50:50% visual color difference thresholds (perceptibility [PT] and acceptability [AT]) and 50:50% whiteness thresholds (whiteness perceptibility [WPT] and whiteness acceptability [WAT]). Analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05) were used to statistically analyze the data. After bleaching, all specimens showed ΔE00 and ΔWID values below their corresponding acceptability thresholds (AT and WAT, respectively). After aging, L* and WID values decreased while b* values increased (p≤0.05), resulting in ΔE00 and ΔWID values above AT and WAT, respectively. Color changes after bleaching RBCs were clinically acceptable, while aging provoked clinically perceptible color changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Della Bona
- Alvaro Della Bona, DDS, MMedSci, PhD, Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - OE Pecho
- Oscar E Pecho, DDS, PhD, Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - R Ghinea
- Razvan Ghinea, PhD, Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Granada, Spain
| | - JC Cardona
- Juan C Cardona, PhD, Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Granada, Spain
| | - RD Paravina
- Rade D Paravina, DDS, MS, PhD, Houston Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics, University of Texas School of Dentistry, Houston, TX
| | - MM Perez
- Maria M Perez, PhD, Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Granada, Spain
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Faus-Matoses V, Palau-Martínez I, Amengual-Lorenzo J, Faus-Matoses I, Faus-Llácer VJ. Bleaching in vital teeth: Combined treatment vs in-office treatment. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e754-e758. [PMID: 31598205 PMCID: PMC6776400 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to verify that there will be greater whitening in teeth treated with combined bleaching than in those that have been applied a clinical one and to evaluate the efficiency of the clinical treatment, those cases in which it is not able, or it is not wanted, to carry out the home phase. Material and Methods They were used 66 extracted anterior human teeth, which were divided into two study groups. On the one hand, the clinical group (ClG) consisted of 33 teeth, which were treated with a clinical guideline using 37.5% hydrogen peroxide in a single session of 4 applications of 8 minutes. On the other hand, the combinate group (CoG) consisted of 33 teeth, which were treated with a combined guideline, applying first a clinical treatment as in the ClG and, at home treatment with carbamide peroxide at 16% for 22 days, 90 minutes a day. The colour of the tooth was measured before and after each treatment and was made through an individualized whitening splint with a spectrophotometer. Results The 66 teeth were bleached, showing an increase in luminosity, a drecrease in yellow and a shift towards the green colours, where b (yellow-blue axis) was the only variable with a statistically significant change (p<0.001). The CoG obtained a significantly higher absolute value (p<0.001) than the ClG, being 12.99 for the first one and 19.70 for the second one. Conclusions Combined therapy bleached more than clinical one, but both techniques were effective. In addition, it is affirmed that the clinical could be an alternative in those cases in which it is not able, or it is not wanted, to carry out the home phase. Key words:Carbamide peroxide, CIELab, combined guidelines, dental bleaching, hydrogen peroxide.
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Vieira HH, Toledo JC, Catelan A, Gouveia THN, Aguiar FHB, Lovadino JR, Lima DANL. Effect of sodium metabisulfite gel on the bond strength of dentin of bleached teeth. Eur J Dent 2019; 12:163-170. [PMID: 29988201 PMCID: PMC6004799 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_165_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of sodium metabisulfite (SMB) on the bond strength of bleached teeth. Materials and Methods The study was divided into two parts. The first part evaluated the application of various concentrations of SMB for 1 h prior to the completion of bonding procedures. Fifty blocks were divided into five groups (n = 10): control; bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); HP + 5% SMB; HP + 12.5% SMB; and HP + 25% SMB. The second part evaluated the application of 25% gel SMB to either enamel or dentin, including the application time. Sixty blocks were divided into six groups (n = 10): control; bleaching with 35% HP; HP + 25% SMB for 1 h in enamel; HP + 25% SMB for 1 h in dentin; HP + 25% SMB for 10 min in enamel; and HP + 25% SMB for 10 min in dentin. Statistical Analysis Following the completion of microshear bond testing, data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance as well as Tukey's and Dunnett's tests. Results In part 1, data analysis revealed statistical differences (P < 0.0001) between HP and HP + 5% SMB. No statistical differences were found between the control and both HP + 12.5% SMB and HP + 25% SMB. Part 2 revealed a statistical difference (P = 0.001359) only between the bleached group and others. Conclusions The use of 25% SMB gel immediately after bleaching was able to reverse the deleterious effect of bleaching on the bond strength of dental composites to dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Heringer Vieira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Josè Carlos Toledo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - FFCLRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Catelan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Thayla Hellen Nunes Gouveia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Josè Roberto Lovadino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Dèbora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Niknejad S, Saati K, Khadem P, Valizadeh S. Effect of 10% sodium ascorbate applied for different time periods on shear bond strength of composite to bleached enamel. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2019.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Residual peroxide on the enamel surface and in the interprismatic spaces decreases the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite to bleached enamel. Evidence shows that 10% sodium ascorbate can efficiently neutralize the singlet oxygen generated by the bleaching agents. This study aimed to assess the effect of duration of application of sodium ascorbate on SBS of composite to bleached enamel. Materials and Methods: This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 30 sound human third molars, which were randomly divided into three groups (n=10). In group 1, the teeth were bleached for 45 minutes and were then subjected to immediate bonding and restoration with composite resin. In groups 2 and 3, the teeth were bleached, immersed in 10% sodium ascorbate solution for 5 (group 2) and 10 (group 3) minutes and were then bonded and restored with composite, and the SBS was then measured. Results: The highest SBS (14.02±8.6MPa) was noted in group 3 (immersion in 10% sodium ascorbate for 10 minutes before bonding). The lowest SBS was noted in group 1 (immediate bonding after bleaching) (p<0.05). The difference in SBS of groups 1 and 2 was not significant (p=0.4). Conclusion: Application of 10% sodium ascorbate for 10 minutes increases the SBS of composite to bleached enamel.
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Rodríguez‐Martínez J, Valiente M, Sánchez‐Martín M. Tooth whitening: From the established treatments to novel approaches to prevent side effects. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 31:431-440. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodríguez‐Martínez
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
| | - Manuel Valiente
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
| | - María‐Jesús Sánchez‐Martín
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
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Direct Restorations, Endodontics, and Bleaching: Materials and Techniques Used by General Dentists of New Zealand. Int J Dent 2019; 2019:6327171. [PMID: 30984263 PMCID: PMC6431498 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6327171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the selection and use of direct restorative materials, endodontic techniques adopted, and approaches to bleaching by general dentists in New Zealand. Methods A questionnaire comprising 19 sections and 125 questions was distributed via mail to 351 general dentists in New Zealand who were selected, at random, from the Dental Council of New Zealand's 2016 register. Results A total of 204 questionnaires were returned, of which 188 were usable. Direct resin composite was the most commonly used material for occlusoproximal cavity restorations in premolars (93.7%) and permanent molars (85.2%). Resin-modified glass ionomer cements (34%) and resin composite materials (31.4%) were more commonly used in the restoration of deciduous molars. Home-based vital bleaching was provided by a significant number of dentists (86%), while only 18% provided practice-based bleaching. Cold lateral condensation was the most commonly used obturation technique (55.8%), and 83% of respondents reported using rubber dam for treatments. Conclusions The findings from this study indicate that dentists in New Zealand are adapting to new materials and technologies to provide high quality care to their patients. Aesthetic treatments such as bleaching have become an integral part of general dental practice.
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Rezende M, Coppla FM, Chemin K, Chibinski AC, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Tooth Sensitivity After Dental Bleaching With a Desensitizer-containing and a Desensitizer-free Bleaching Gel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper Dent 2019; 44:E58-E74. [DOI: 10.2341/17-253-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives:
A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) after dental bleaching with a desensitizer-containing and a desensitizer-free bleaching gel in adult patients. Color change and risk of gingival sensitivity was also evaluated.
Methods:
A comprehensive search was performed MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database (LILACS), Brazilian Library in Dentistry (BBO), EMBASE and Cochrane Library, and System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE) without restrictions to identify randomized clinical trials. Abstracts from the annual conference of the International Association for Dental Research (1990–2016), unpublished and ongoing trials registries, dissertations, and theses were also searched. The quality of the evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations: Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.
Data:
After duplicates were removed, 1352 articles were identified. After title and abstract screening, only 47 studies remained for qualitative evaluation. Most of the studies had unclear risk of bias. No difference between groups were observed for the risk ratio of TS (risk ratio = 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74–1.33); intensity of TS (standardized difference in means [SMD] = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.79–0.70); color change in shade guide units (SMD – 0.04; 95% CI = 0.50–0.42); color change in ΔE* (SMD = 0.41 (95% CI = 0.07–0.89); and risk ratio of gingival irritation (SMD = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.81–1.36). Except for the risk of TS, graded as moderate quality of evidence, all other outcomes were rated as low and very low quality.
Conclusions:
Incorporating desensitizers in the bleaching gel did not reduce the risk of TS, and the quality of this evidence was considered moderate. On the other hand, the intensity of TS, color change, and risk of gingival irritation was similar between groups, but the quality of the evidence for these outcomes was graded as low or very low, thus reducing the level of confidence in these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rezende
- Márcia Rezende, MS, PhD, postdoctoral student, Departament of Restorative Dentistry, University Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil., and professor, School of Dentistry. Scholl Paulo Picanço, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - FM Coppla
- Fabiana Madalozzo Coppla, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Centro de Ensino Superior dos Campos Gerais- CESCAGE - School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - K Chemin
- Kaprice Chemin, DDS, MS, doctoral student, Departament of Restorative Dentistry, University Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - AC Chibinski
- Ana Cláudia Chibinski, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro Dourado Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, professor, School of Dentistry, Departament of Restorative Dentistry, University Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
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Sanz-Sánchez I, Oteo-Calatayud J, Serrano J, Martín C, Herrera D. Changes in plaque and gingivitis levels after tooth bleaching: A systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 2019; 17:117-129. [PMID: 30609262 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of external tooth-bleaching products on plaque indices and to compare it to a placebo or a negative control. METHODS A protocol was developed aimed to answer the next focused question: What is the effect of tooth bleaching compared to no treatment or a placebo, in subjects without periodontitis aged ≥18 years in the levels of plaque and gingivitis? Two electronic databases were used as sources in the search for studies satisfying the inclusion criteria: (a) The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE via PubMed); (b) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. RESULTS Only randomized controlled trials were included. The initial search found 382 potential publications. Seven of them were finally included, and six were used in the meta-analyses. The use of bleaching products showed higher reductions in plaque (n = 6; standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06, 0.88; P < 0.001) and gingivitis indices (n = 4; SMD = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.73; P < 0.001), when compared to a control group (no treatment or placebo). CONCLUSIONS External tooth bleaching is associated with statistically significant short-term reductions in plaque and gingivitis indices. However, no data were available to evaluate long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sanz-Sánchez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Oteo-Calatayud
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthesis, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Serrano
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Conchita Martín
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Influence of treatment duration on the efficacy of at-home bleaching with daytime application: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3229-3237. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kutuk ZB, Ergin E, Cakir FY, Gurgan S. Effects of in-office bleaching agent combined with different desensitizing agents on enamel. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 27:e20180233. [PMID: 30427477 PMCID: PMC6223786 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze color change, microhardness and chemical composition of enamel bleached with in-office bleaching agent with different desensitizing application protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and seventeen polished anterior human enamel surfaces were obtained and randomly divided into nine groups (n = 13). After recording initial color, microhardness and chemical composition, the bleaching treatments were performed as G1: Signal Professional White Now POWDER&LIQUID FAST 38% Hydrogen peroxide(S); G2: S+Flor Opal/0.5% fluoride ion(F); G3: S+GC Tooth Mousse/Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste(TM); G4: S+UltraEZ/3% potassium nitrate&0.11% fluoride(U); G5: S+Signal Professional SENSITIVE PHASE 1/30% Nano-Hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) suspension(SP); G6: S-F mixture; G7: S-TM mixture; G8: S-U mixture; G9: S-SP mixture. Color, microhardness and chemical composition measurements were repeated after 1 and 14 days. The percentage of microhardness loss (PML) was calculated 1 and 14 days after bleaching. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, Welch ANOVA, Tukey and Dunnett T3 tests (p<0.05). RESULTS Color change was observed in all groups. The highest ΔE was observed at G7 after 1 day, and ΔE at G8 was the highest after 14 days (p<0.05). A decrease in microhardness was observed in all groups except G6 and G7 after 1 day. The microhardness of all groups increased after 14 days in comparison with 1 day after bleaching (p>0.05). PML was observed in all groups except G6 and G7 after bleaching and none of the groups showed PML after 14 days. No significant changes were observed after bleaching at Ca and P levels and Ca/P ratios at 1 or 14 days after bleaching (p>0.05). F mass increased only in G2 and G6, 1 day after bleaching (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of desensitizing agents containing fluoride, CPP-ACP, potassium nitrate or n-HAP after in-office bleaching or mixed in bleaching agent did not inhibit the bleaching effect. However, they all recovered microhardness of enamel 14 days after in-office bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep B Kutuk
- Hacettepe University, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Ergin
- Hacettepe University, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Y Cakir
- Hacettepe University, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevil Gurgan
- Hacettepe University, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
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Monteiro MJF, Lindoso JBC, de Oliveira Conde NC, da Silva LM, Loguercio AD, Pereira JV. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of different delivery methods of at-home bleaching gels: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2199-2206. [PMID: 30280324 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This single-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial evaluated the genotoxic potential and effectiveness of 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP) in patients submitted to at-home bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty young volunteers with maxillary incisors equal to or darker than M1.5 were included in the study. Patients were submitted to bleaching for 14 days (30 min/day) with one of the three 10% HP treatments: the bleaching agent was delivered in a bleaching tray (White Class, FGM), whitening strips (White Strips, Oral-b), or in prefilled disposable trays (Opalescence Go, Ultradent). The color change was evaluated with the Vita Bleachedguide, and the micronucleus test of exfoliative oral mucosa was carried out, starting from a count of 1000 cells, at the baseline, immediately after and 30 days after the end of the treatment. The micronucleus data were evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests and color change with the two-way ANOVA test and the Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Significant whitening was observed for all groups after 14 days (p = 0.001) and was maintained after 30 days, with no difference between groups (p = 0.42). The micronucleus count did not indicate genotoxic potential in any of the groups studied (p = 0.32), irrespective of the time intervals (p = 0.62). CONCLUSION No genotoxic effects of 10% HP were observed in patients submitted to at-home bleaching systems (30 min/day for 14 days), even 30 days after the end of treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It is safe to use different systems to deliver 10% HP during at-home bleaching according to the manufacturers' recommendations, with no risk of genotoxic effects applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcílio Jorge Fernandes Monteiro
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Bruna Corrêa Lindoso
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
| | - Nikeila Chacon de Oliveira Conde
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mendonça da Silva
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Vianna Pereira
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
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Pan Q, Westland S, Ellwood R. Evaluation of colorimetric indices for the assessment of tooth whiteness. J Dent 2018; 76:132-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ermis RB, Uzer Celik E, Yildiz G, Yazkan B. Effect of tooth discolouration severity on the efficacy and colour stability of two different trayless at-home bleaching systems. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2018; 12:120-127. [PMID: 30087763 PMCID: PMC6076880 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2018.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The use of trayless at-home bleaching agents in darker teeth is raising some concerns due to their unknown efficacy. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of tooth discolouration severity on the efficacy and colour stability of two different trayless at-home bleaching systems.
Methods. Ninety enamel-dentin samples were divided into two groups: lighter tand darker teeth. The teeth in each group were further divided into three groups (n=15): (1) tray-based system with 10% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence Oh) (control group); (2) a tray applied whitening membrane with 10% hydrogen peroxide (Treswhite Supreme); and (3) a whitening pen with 22% carbamide peroxide (Hollywood Smiles). After bleaching, the teeth were stained for 9 days using red wine. Colour readings before bleaching treatment were determined using a dental spectrophotometer and were repeated 24 h after bleaching treatment and 24 h after staining process. Analysis of variance, Bonferroni and Dunnett C tests were used at 5% significance level.
Results. No differences were observed between the bleaching efficacy of Treswhite Supreme and Opalescence Oh in the lighter teeth, while Opalescence Oh had the best bleaching efficacy in the darker teeth (p<0.05). Hollywood Smiles had the worst bleaching efficay but the best color stability in both lighter and darker teeth (p<0.05). No differences were observed between the color stability values of Treswhite Supreme and Opalescence Oh.
Conclusion. This study suggested that both the tooth discolouration severity and the type of trayless system used affected the bleaching efficacy, whereas only the type of trayless system affected the color stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Banu Ermis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Turkey
| | - Esra Uzer Celik
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gul Yildiz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Basak Yazkan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Vieira-Junior WF, Ferraz LN, Giorgi M, Ambrosano G, Aguiar F, Lima D. Effect of Mouth Rinse Treatments on Bleached Enamel Properties, Surface Morphology, and Tooth Color. Oper Dent 2018; 44:178-187. [PMID: 29953341 DOI: 10.2341/17-250-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of mouth rinse exposure on bleached enamel. METHODS: Enamel/dentin bovine blocks (4×4×2 mm) were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and were submitted to immersion twice daily for 14 days with different rinses (n=10), including those involving: distilled water (C [control]), 225-ppm NaF (FM, Colgate Plax Classic), essential oil (EM, Listerine Tartar Control), 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HPM, Colgate Plax Whitening), and 2% hydrogen peroxide, pyrophosphates, and 225-ppm NaF (HPM+P, Colgate® Luminous White). The specimens were stored in a remineralizing solution during all experiments. Analyses of color (ΔE, L*, a*, b*) and roughness (Ra) were performed at the baseline, after HP, and after exposure to the rinse. The cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) and images by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were assessed at the end. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (ΔE), repeated measures ANOVA (Ra), and split-plot ANOVA (CSMH), followed by the Tukey test. The L*, a*, and b* values were analyzed by generalized linear models (α=0.05). RESULTS: Color changes were not statistically different in the groups. Ra increased in all groups after bleaching; however, it was reestablished in C, FM, and HPM+F and increased in EM after 14 days of the rinse. EM and HPM reduced the CSMH values differing from C and promoted alterations on the enamel surface visualized by SEM. CONCLUSION: The mouth rinses did not affect the whitening efficacy or promote benefits on bleached enamel properties. Moreover, the 1.5% hydrogen peroxide- or essential oil-based mouth rinses affected the bleached enamel properties, promoting an alteration in morphologic surface and mineral loss in depth.
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Piemjai M, Lenglerdphol S. Effect of strong tooth-bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide on marginal seal of dental restorations using self-etch and total-etch adhesives. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2017; 30:153-159. [PMID: 29243397 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distance and/or thickness of dye penetration at enamel and cementum/dentin margins of restorations before and after vital bleaching. Class V cavities were prepared on extracted human premolars and restored with light-cured resin composite using either AQ-Bond or Single-Bond2 adhesives. Four conditions: no bleaching (control), restored before bleaching (RB), bleached and immediately restored (BIR), bleached and stored in artificial saliva for 7 days then restored (B7R), were used for each adhesive group. After soaking in basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours, all specimens were vertically sectioned through the middle of restorations to measure the distance and/or the thickness of dye penetration. No microleakage was found either on enamel and cementum/dentin margins of control group using AQ-Bond. Whereas leakage was found in the control group using Single-Bond2 and bleached groups. Statistically significant differences in leakage distance and/or thickness were found among groups at the cementum/dentin margin (P < .05). Dye could penetrate into the pulp chamber of BIR (60%) and B7R (15%) specimens. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The negative control or leakage-free group is very important when discussing the effects of bleaching on marginal seal or microleakage. Bleaching using 38% H2 O2 increases the microleakage distance and dye penetration area of cementum/dentin margin more than that of enamel margin. The bleached tooth is not a good substrate for reliable bonding and complete seal and it is also a channel for external stimuli reaching the pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morakot Piemjai
- Department of Prosthodontics, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Spun Lenglerdphol
- Department of Prosthodontics, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Mchantaf E, Mansour H, Sabbagh J, Feghali M, McConnell RJ. Frequently Asked Questions about Vital Tooth Whitening. DENTAL UPDATE 2017; 44:56-63. [PMID: 29172313 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2017.44.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Improving patients’ aesthetics is an important request in daily practice. Tooth whitening is a treatment option available for improving aesthetics. This paper will pose questions asked by our patients on bleaching techniques and outcomes and offer appropriate up-to-date answers. Clinical relevance: This paper addresses the most important questions raised by patients and colleagues concerning vital tooth whitening (VTW).
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On the permanence of tooth bleaching. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1281-1288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Khoroushi M, Shirban F, Kaveh S, Doustfateme S. Effect of three nanobiomaterials on microhardness of bleached enamel. Restor Dent Endod 2016; 41:196-201. [PMID: 27508161 PMCID: PMC4977350 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2016.41.3.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating three different nanobiomaterials into bleaching material on microhardness of bleached enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crowns of 24 extracted sound human molars were sectioned. Sixty enamel specimens (2 × 3 × 4 mm) were selected and divided into five groups (n = 12): Group 1 received no bleaching procedure (control); Group 2 underwent bleaching with a 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel; Groups 3, 4, and 5 were bleached with a 40% HP gel modified by incorporation of bioactive glass (BAG), amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and hydroxyapatite (HA), respectively. The enamel microhardness was evaluated. The differences in Knoop microhardness data of each group were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc Tukey tests. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the study groups. The enamel microhardness changes in Groups 1, 3, 4, and 5 were significantly lower than that of Group 2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that incorporation of each one of the three tested biomaterials as remineralizing agents might be effective in decreasing enamel microhardness changes subsequent to in-office bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoroushi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farinaz Shirban
- Dental Research Center and Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Kaveh
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Doustfateme
- Persian Gulf Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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de Geus JL, Wambier LM, Kossatz S, Loguercio AD, Reis A. At-home vs In-office Bleaching: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper Dent 2016; 41:341-56. [PMID: 27045285 DOI: 10.2341/15-287-lit] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity during in-office and at-home bleaching in adult patients. The efficacy of dental bleaching was also evaluated. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed in the MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, Brazilian Library in Dentistry, Cochrane Library, and System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe without restrictions. The annual conference of the International Association for Dental Research abstracts (1990-2014) and unpublished and ongoing trials registry were also searched. Dissertations and theses were searched using the ProQuest Dissertations and Periódicos Capes Theses databases. Only randomized clinical trials that compared the prevalence or intensity of tooth sensitivity during in-office and at-home bleaching in adult patients were included and studies that evaluated the efficacy of these dental bleaching techniques, in terms of shade guide units (ΔSGU) and in terms of color difference measured with a spectrophotometer (ΔE*). RESULTS After the removal of duplicates, 1139 articles were identified. After title and abstract screening, 29 studies remained. Fifteen studies were further excluded, whereas 12 studies remained for qualitative analyses and 8 for the meta-analysis of the primary and secondary outcomes. No significant difference in the risk/intensity of tooth sensitivity or in bleaching efficacy was observed in the present study. CONCLUSION In an overall comparison of at-home and in-office bleaching, no differences were detected, either regarding risk/intensity of tooth sensitivity or the effectiveness of the bleaching treatment. This comparison, however, does not take into consideration variations in the protocols (daily usage time, number of bleaching sessions, and product concentration) of the bleaching techniques in the studies included.
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Montenegro-Arana A, Arana-Gordillo LA, Farana D, Davila-Sanchez A, Jadad E, Coelho U, Gomes OMM, Loguercio AD. Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial of Bleaching Products in Patients Wearing Orthodontic Devices. Oper Dent 2016; 41:379-87. [DOI: 10.2341/15-240-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives: This double-blind randomized clinical trial evaluated tooth sensitivity (TS) and the effectiveness (EF) of two types of bleaching agents (Trèswhite Ortho [TWO] and Trèswhite Supreme [TWS]) when used in patients wearing orthodontic appliances.
Methods and Materials: Forty patients between the ages of 18 and 40 years were randomly stratified, with an equal allocation rate, into two groups (n=20), according to the bleaching agent applied. Tooth color of the six maxillary anterior teeth was measured before and after the treatment with a spectrophotometer. The TS was recorded on three scales before and during the bleaching treatment.
Results: With regard to EF, a significant reduction was found (ranging from 7.3-9.6 and 5.3-9.5 Vita scale units for TWO and TWS, respectively, p<0.001); however, there was no statistical difference between the groups (p>0.63). The number of patients with sensitivity was 58.8% and 73.3% for TWO and TWS groups, respectively (p=0.53); however, with each of the three scales used, the intensity of sensitivity was low and there was no statistical difference between TWO and TWS (p>0.05).
Conclusions: In spite of producing a side effect of low TS, the two bleaching treatments tested were effective for dental bleaching in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Montenegro-Arana
- Andres Montenegro-Arana, DDS, MS, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - LA Arana-Gordillo
- Luis Alfonso Arana-Gordillo, DDS, MS, PhD, University of Santiago de Cali, Restorative Dentistry, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | | | - A Davila-Sanchez
- Andres Davila-Sanchez, DDS, MS, PhD student, professor, Ponta Grossa State University/San Francisco de Quito University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - E Jadad
- Enrique Jadad, DDS, MSc, Santiago de Cali University, Restorative Dentistry, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - U Coelho
- Ulisses Coelho, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - OMM Gomes
- Osnara Maria Mongruel Gomes, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro D Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Calderini A, Sciara S, Semeria C, Pantaleo G, Polizzi E. Comparative clinical and psychosocial benefits of tooth bleaching: different light activation of a 38% peroxide gel in a preliminary case-control study. Clin Case Rep 2016; 4:728-35. [PMID: 27525071 PMCID: PMC4974415 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth bleaching is a widespread dental treatment with important psychosocial antecedents and outcomes involved. In the activation of in-office bleaching agents, a selective light radiation, that is, a diode laser seems to be a positive choice to decrease the time of bleaching without surface modification and with no residual tooth sensitivity for maximum effect and minimal clinical and psychological side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Calderini
- Department of Dentistry and School of Dental Hygiene Faculty of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele University San Raffaele Hospital Via Olgettina 58 - 20132 Milano Italy
| | - Simona Sciara
- UniSR Social Lab [Research Methods] Faculty of Psychology Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Via Olgettina 58 - 20132 Milano Italy
| | - Chiara Semeria
- Department of Dentistry and School of Dental Hygiene Faculty of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele University San Raffaele Hospital Via Olgettina 58 - 20132 Milano Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Department of Dentistry and School of Dental Hygiene Faculty of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele University San Raffaele Hospital Via Olgettina 58 - 20132 Milano Italy; Uni SR Social Lab [Research Methods] Faculty of Psychology Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Via Olgettina 58 - 20132 Milano Italy
| | - Elisabetta Polizzi
- Department of Dentistry and School of Dental Hygiene Faculty of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele University San Raffaele Hospital Via Olgettina 58 - 20132 Milano Italy
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Nanjundasetty JK, Ashrafulla M. Efficacy of desensitizing agents on postoperative sensitivity following an in-office vital tooth bleaching: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:207-11. [PMID: 27217631 PMCID: PMC4872572 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.181927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess and compare the incidence and intensity of experienced after an in-office vital tooth bleaching in case of dental fluorosis using two different types of desensitizing agents, at different time periods. Materials and Methods: Sixty-nine subjects with mild-to-moderate fluorosis were randomly divided into three groups of 23 each. Group I — control group (placebo), group II—potassium nitrate 5% and sodium monofluorophosphate 0.7% (Sensodent KF), and group III—Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) (Tooth Mousse). In-office vital tooth bleaching was done using 35% hydrogen peroxide liquid (Pola office) in two sessions. Desensitizing agent was applied for 10 min after each session. Postoperative sensitivity was recorded after 24 h and 7 days. The statistical analysis was done using chi-square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc Tukey's test. Results: The experimental groups showed significantly less incidence and intensity of sensitivity compared to control group, whereas there was no difference between them. Conclusion: The desensitizing agents used in the study show effective reduction after an in-office vital tooth bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Kashi Nanjundasetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Siddhartha Dental College, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Ashrafulla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Kwon SR, Dawson DV, Wertz PW. Time Course of Potassium Nitrate Penetration into the Pulp Cavity and the Effect of Penetration Levels on Tooth Whitening Efficacy. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2016; 28 Suppl 1:S14-22. [PMID: 27079767 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish time-course of potassium nitrate (PN) penetration into the pulp cavity, and determine whether PN pretreatment would affect whitening efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracted teeth (n = 100) were randomized into five groups of 20 specimens each. Relief ACP (Philips Oral Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA, USA) was applied for 0, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes for groups 15, respectively. A nitrate/nitrite assay kit was used for colorimetric detection of nitrate. Whitening was performed using a Zoom White Speed system (Philips Oral Healthcare) for 60 minutes. Tooth color was measured with a spectrophotometer at baseline (T0 ), 1-day post PN application (T1 ), 1-day post-whitening (T2 ), and 1-month post-whitening (T3 ). Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess group differences in PN penetration and tooth color change. RESULTS PN penetration differed among all groups except 2 and 3. There were no differences among groups for any baseline color parameters (p > 0.30). At T2 there was no change relative to baseline for individual components L*, a*, and b*. At T3 and T4 there was significant change relative to baseline for ΔL*, Δb*, and ΔE*, for all groups. CONCLUSIONS PN penetration is time dependent and pretreatment with PN does not affect whitening efficacy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Postassium nitrate penetration into the pulp cavity occurred as early as 5 minutes after application, and pretreatment with potassium nitrate containing desensitizers did not adversely affect tooth whitening efficacy. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:S14-S22, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- So Ran Kwon
- Associate Professor-Program Director, Center for Dental Research, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, 11175 Campus St. CSP #A1010, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Deborah V Dawson
- Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry & Biostatistics and the Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, 801 Newton Road #451, DSB N101-9, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1001, USA
| | - Philip W Wertz
- Professor Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, 801 Newton Road #451, DSB N449, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1001, USA
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Thanathornwong B, Suebnukarn S, Ouivirach K. Decision support system for predicting color change after tooth whitening. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 125:88-93. [PMID: 26657921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tooth whitening is becoming increasingly popular among patients and dentists since it is a relatively noninvasive approach. However, the degree of color change after tooth whitening is known to vary substantially between studies. The present study aims to develop a clinical decision support system for predicting color change after in-office tooth whitening. We used the information from patients' data sets, and applied the multiple regression equation of CIELAB color coordinates including L*, a*, and b* of the original tooth color and the color difference (ΔE) that expresses the color change after tooth whitening. To evaluate the system performance, the patient's post-treatment color was used as "gold standard" to compare with the post-treatment color predicted by the system. There was a high degree of agreement between the patient's post-treatment color and the post-treatment color predicted by the system (kappa value=0.894). The results obtained have demonstrated that the decision support system is possible to predict the color change obtained using an in-office whitening system using colorimetric values.
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Rastelli ANS, Nicolodelli G, Romano RA, Milori DMBP, Perazzoli ILO, Ferreira EJ, Pedroso ACB, Souza MT, Peitl O, Zanotto ED. After bleaching enamel remineralization using a bioactive glass-ceramic (BioSilicate®). BIOMEDICAL GLASSES 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2016-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTooth bleaching agents may weaken the tooth structure, therefore, it is important to minimize any risks of enamel and dentine damage caused by them. In this way, different materials have been used to avoid or minimize the tooth damage during bleaching. Recently, bioactive glasses have been demonstrated to be effective in mineralization of dental structures. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of BioSilicate® (a polycrystalline bioactive glass-ceramic) after bleaching by Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. Bovine dental blocks with 4 × 4 × 3 mm were obtained (n = 20), sequentially embedded in epoxy resin and then polished. Bleaching was performed using 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP). Calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) intensity values by LIBSwere obtained before the treatment (T0, baseline – control Group), after bleaching (T1), and after BioSilicate® application (T2). The use of BioSilicate® after bleaching showed to be an optimal way to remineralize enamel surface making BioSilicate® application a promising adjunct step to avoid or minimize the mineral loss on enamel surface after bleaching.
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Maghaireh GA, Alzraikat H, Taha NA. Satisfaction with Dental Appearance and Attitude toward improving Dental Esthetics among Patients attending a Dental Teaching Center. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:16-21. [PMID: 27084857 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing the satisfaction of dental appearance and attitude toward treatments to improve dental esthetics among patients attending a dental teaching center. METHODS A questionnaire was used to collect data of four background variables among 450 patients attended a dental teaching center in the city of Irbid in Jordan. The questionnaire enclosed self-reported questions about the appearance of anterior teeth, received esthetic treatment and desired treatment for improving esthetics. Descriptive, multiple logistic regression and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The 450 participants consisted of (66.2%) male and (33.8%) female. Of these, 69.3% were satisfied with their dental appearance and 58.0% with the color of their teeth. Esthetic restorations were the most received treatment (39.8%) and whitening of teeth was the most desired treatment (55.3%). The patients' satisfaction with dental appearance was influenced by teeth color, crowding and receiving whitening (p < 0.05. r = 0.561, r(2) = 0.315). The most desired esthetic treatments influenced by the satisfaction with dental appearance were esthetic restorations and orthodontics (p < 0.05. r = 0.223, r(2) = 0.05). Significantly more female reported having esthetic restorations and orthodontics (p = 0.008, 0.000) and desired to have orthodontic, crowns or veneers and esthetic restorations (p = 0.000, 0.015, 0.028). CONCLUSION Satisfaction with dental appearance was affected by teeth color, feeling teeth are crowded, desire for esthetic restorations and orthodontic treatment. A high percentage of patients were not satisfied with the color of their teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Recognizing the factors that affect patients' satisfaction with their present dental appearance and attitude toward treatments to improve dental esthetic can guide clinicians to strategies to improve esthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Maghaireh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Department of Conservative Dentistry P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan, Phone: +962798809296 e-mail:
| | - Hanan Alzraikat
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nessrin A Taha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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