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Wang C, Du M, Jiang Z, Cong R, Wang W, Zhang G, Li L. Comparative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis reveals differential heat response mechanism in two congeneric oyster species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115197. [PMID: 37451098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature stress caused by global climate change poses a significant threat to marine ectotherms. This study investigated the role of protein phosphorylation modifications in the molecular regulation network under heat stress in oysters, which are representative intertidal organisms that experience considerable temperature changes. Firstly, the study compared the extent of thermal damage between two congeneric oyster species, the relative heat-tolerant Crassostrea angulata (C. angulata) and heat-sensitive Crassostrea gigas (C. gigas), under sublethal temperature (37 °C) for 12 h, using various physiological and biochemical methods. Subsequently, the comparative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses revealed that high-temperature considerably regulated signal transduction, energy metabolism, protein synthesis, cell survival and apoptosis, and cytoskeleton remodeling through phosphorylation modifications of related receptors and kinases. Furthermore, the protein kinase A, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, tyrosine-protein kinase Src, and serine/threonine kinase AKT, exhibiting differential phosphorylation modification patterns, were identified as hub regulators that may enhance glycolysis and TCA cycle to increase the energy supply, distribute protein synthesis, inhibit Caspase-dependent apoptosis activated by endogenous mitochondrial cytochrome release and maintain cytoskeletal stability, ultimately shaping the higher thermal resistance of C. angulata. This study represents the first investigation of protein phosphorylation dynamics in marine invertebrates under heat stress, reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential thermal responses between two Crassostrea oysters at the phosphorylation level, and provides new insights into understanding phosphorylation-mediated molecular responses in marine organisms during environmental changes and predicting the adaptive potential in the context of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaogang Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Du
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuxiang Jiang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rihao Cong
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Oyster Seed Industry, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Oyster Seed Industry, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofan Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Oyster Seed Industry, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Oyster Seed Industry, Qingdao, China.
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Lorenz C, Forsting J, Style RW, Klumpp S, Köster S. Keratin filament mechanics and energy dissipation are determined by metal-like plasticity. MATTER 2023; 6:2019-2033. [PMID: 37332398 PMCID: PMC10273143 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Cell mechanics are determined by an intracellular biopolymer network, including intermediate filaments that are expressed in a cell-type-specific manner. A prominent pair of intermediate filaments are keratin and vimentin, as they are expressed by non-motile and motile cells, respectively. Therefore, the differential expression of these proteins coincides with a change in cellular mechanics and dynamic properties of the cells. This observation raises the question of how the mechanical properties already differ on the single filament level. Here, we use optical tweezers and a computational model to compare the stretching and dissipation behavior of the two filament types. We find that keratin and vimentin filaments behave in opposite ways: keratin filaments elongate but retain their stiffness, whereas vimentin filaments soften but retain their length. This finding is explained by fundamentally different ways to dissipate energy: viscous sliding of subunits within keratin filaments and non-equilibrium α helix unfolding in vimentin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Lorenz
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Forsting
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert W. Style
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Klumpp
- Institute for the Dynamics of Complex Systems, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck School “Matter to Life”, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Köster
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck School “Matter to Life”, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Fu Y, Zhou L, Li H, Hsiao JHT, Li B, Tanglay O, Auwyang AD, Wang E, Feng J, Kim WS, Liu J, Halliday GM. Adaptive structural changes in the motor cortex and white matter in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:861-879. [PMID: 36053316 PMCID: PMC9547807 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by the early loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways producing significant network changes impacting motor coordination. Recently three motor stages of PD have been proposed (a silent period when nigrostriatal loss begins, a prodromal motor period with subtle focal manifestations, and clinical PD) with evidence that motor cortex abnormalities occur to produce clinical PD[8]. We directly assess structural changes in the primary motor cortex and corticospinal tract using parallel analyses of longitudinal clinical and cross-sectional pathological cohorts thought to represent different stages of PD. 18F-FP-CIT positron emission tomography and subtle motor features identified patients with idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder (n = 8) that developed prodromal motor signs of PD. Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging before and after the development of prodromal motor PD showed higher fractional anisotropy in motor cortex and corticospinal tract compared to controls, indicating adaptive structural changes in motor networks in concert with nigrostriatal dopamine loss. Histological analyses of the white matter underlying the motor cortex showed progressive disorientation of axons with segmental replacement of neurofilaments with α-synuclein, enlargement of myelinating oligodendrocytes and increased density of their precursors. There was no loss of neurons in the motor cortex in early or late pathologically confirmed motor PD compared to controls, although there were early cortical increases in neuronal neurofilament light chain and myelin proteins in association with α-synuclein accumulation. Our results collectively provide evidence of a direct impact of PD on primary motor cortex and its output pathways that begins in the prodromal motor stage of PD with structural changes confirmed in early PD. These adaptive structural changes become considerable as the disease advances potentially contributing to motor PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuHong Fu
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Liche Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Hongyun Li
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Jen-Hsiang T. Hsiao
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Binyin Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Onur Tanglay
- Neuroscience Research Australia & Faculty of Medicine School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Andrew D. Auwyang
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Elinor Wang
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Jieyao Feng
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Woojin S. Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia ,Neuroscience Research Australia & Faculty of Medicine School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Glenda M. Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia ,Neuroscience Research Australia & Faculty of Medicine School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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4
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Bayir E, Sendemir A. Role of Intermediate Filaments in Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061400. [PMID: 34198868 PMCID: PMC8226756 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective cellular monolayer unique to the microvasculature of the central nervous system (CNS), and it mediates the communication of the CNS with the rest of the body by regulating the passage of molecules into the CNS microenvironment. Limitation of passage of substances through the BBB is mainly due to tight junctions (TJ) and adherens junctions (AJ) between brain microvascular endothelial cells. The importance of actin filaments and microtubules in establishing and maintaining TJs and AJs has been indicated; however, recent studies have shown that intermediate filaments are also important in the formation and function of cell–cell junctions. The most common intermediate filament protein in endothelial cells is vimentin. Vimentin plays a role in blood–brain barrier permeability in both cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions by affecting the actin and microtubule reorganization and by binding directly to VE-cadherin or integrin proteins. The BBB permeability increases due to the formation of stress fibers and the disruption of VE–cadherin interactions between two neighboring cells in various diseases, disrupting the fiber network of intermediate filament vimentin in different ways. Intermediate filaments may be long ignored key targets in regulation of BBB permeability in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Bayir
- Ege University Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center (EGE-MATAL), Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Aylin Sendemir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-232-3114817
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5
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Patteson AE, Carroll RJ, Iwamoto DV, Janmey PA. The vimentin cytoskeleton: when polymer physics meets cell biology. Phys Biol 2020; 18:011001. [PMID: 32992303 PMCID: PMC8240483 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/abbcc2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The proper functions of tissues depend on the ability of cells to withstand stress and maintain shape. Central to this process is the cytoskeleton, comprised of three polymeric networks: F-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (IFs). IF proteins are among the most abundant cytoskeletal proteins in cells; yet they remain some of the least understood. Their structure and function deviate from those of their cytoskeletal partners, F-actin and microtubules. IF networks show a unique combination of extensibility, flexibility and toughness that confers mechanical resilience to the cell. Vimentin is an IF protein expressed in mesenchymal cells. This review highlights exciting new results on the physical biology of vimentin intermediate filaments and their role in allowing whole cells and tissues to cope with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Robert J Carroll
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Daniel V Iwamoto
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Kaus‐Drobek M, Mücke N, Szczepanowski RH, Wedig T, Czarnocki‐Cieciura M, Polakowska M, Herrmann H, Wysłouch‐Cieszyńska A, Dadlez M. Vimentin S-glutathionylation at Cys328 inhibits filament elongation and induces severing of mature filaments in vitro. FEBS J 2020; 287:5304-5322. [PMID: 32255262 PMCID: PMC7818121 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vimentin intermediate filaments are a significant component of the cytoskeleton in cells of mesenchymal origin. In vivo, filaments assemble and disassemble and thus participate in the dynamic processes of the cell. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as protein phosphorylation regulate the multiphasic association of vimentin from soluble complexes to insoluble filaments and the reverse processes. The thiol side chain of the single vimentin cysteine at position 328 (Cys328) is a direct target of oxidative modifications inside cells. Here, we used atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy and a novel hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDex-MS) procedure to investigate the structural consequences of S-nitrosylation and S-glutathionylation of Cys328 for in vitro oligomerisation of human vimentin. Neither modification affects the lateral association of tetramers to unit-length filaments (ULF). However, S-glutathionylation of Cys328 blocks the longitudinal assembly of ULF into extended filaments. S-nitrosylation of Cys328 does not hinder but slows down the elongation. Likewise, S-glutathionylation of preformed vimentin filaments causes their extensive fragmentation to smaller oligomeric species. Chemical reduction of the S-glutathionylated Cys328 thiols induces reassembly of the small fragments into extended filaments. In conclusion, our in vitro results suggest S-glutathionylation as a candidate PTM for an efficient molecular switch in the dynamic rearrangements of vimentin intermediate filaments, observed in vivo, in response to changes in cellular redox status. Finally, we demonstrate that HDex-MS is a powerful method for probing the kinetics of vimentin filament formation and filament disassembly induced by PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kaus‐Drobek
- Laboratory of Mass SpectrometryInstitute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Norbert Mücke
- Biophysics of MacromoleculesGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Chromatin NetworksGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Roman H. Szczepanowski
- Biophysics Core FacilityInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsawPoland
| | - Tatjana Wedig
- Biophysics of MacromoleculesGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Magdalena Polakowska
- Laboratory of Mass SpectrometryInstitute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity Hospital ErlangenGermany
- Division of Molecular GeneticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Michał Dadlez
- Laboratory of Mass SpectrometryInstitute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
- Biology DepartmentInstitute of Genetics and BiotechnologyWarsaw UniversityPoland
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7
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Fang Y, Gong H, Yang R, Lai KWC, Quan M. An Active Biomechanical Model of Cell Adhesion Actuated by Intracellular Tensioning-Taxis. Biophys J 2020; 118:2656-2669. [PMID: 32380000 PMCID: PMC7264853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is highly active and plays a crucial role in various physiological functions. The active response of cells to physicochemical cues has been universally discovered in multiple microenvironments. However, the mechanisms to rule these active behaviors of cells are still poorly understood. Here, we establish an active model to probe the biomechanical mechanisms governing cell adhesion. The framework of cells is modeled as a tensional integrity that is maintained by cytoskeletons and extracellular matrices. Active movement of the cell model is self-driven by its intrinsic tendency to intracellular tensioning, defined as tensioning-taxis in this study. Tensioning-taxis is quantified as driving potential to actuate cell adhesion, and the traction forces are solved by our proposed numerical method of local free energy adaptation. The modeling results account for the active adhesion of cells with dynamic protruding of leading edge and power-law development of mechanical properties. Furthermore, the morphogenesis of cells evolves actively depending on actin filaments alignments by a predicted mechanism of scaling and directing traction forces. The proposed model provides a quantitative way to investigate the active mechanisms of cell adhesion and holds the potential to guide studies of more complex adhesion and motion of cells coupled with multiple external cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Fang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - He Gong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - King W C Lai
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meiling Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Malacrida A, Meregalli C, Rodriguez-Menendez V, Nicolini G. Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and Changes in Cytoskeleton. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092287. [PMID: 31075828 PMCID: PMC6540147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the different antineoplastic mechanisms of action, peripheral neurotoxicity induced by all chemotherapy drugs (anti-tubulin agents, platinum compounds, proteasome inhibitors, thalidomide) is associated with neuron morphological changes ascribable to cytoskeleton modifications. The “dying back” degeneration of distal terminals (sensory nerves) of dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons, observed in animal models, in in vitro cultures and biopsies of patients is the most evident hallmark of the perturbation of the cytoskeleton. On the other hand, in highly polarized cells like neurons, the cytoskeleton carries out its role not only in axons but also has a fundamental role in dendrite plasticity and in the organization of soma. In the literature, there are many studies focused on the antineoplastic-induced alteration of microtubule organization (and consequently, fast axonal transport defects) while very few studies have investigated the effect of the different classes of drugs on microfilaments, intermediate filaments and associated proteins. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on: (1) Highlighting the fundamental role of the crosstalk among the three filamentous subsystems and (2) investigating pivotal cytoskeleton-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Malacrida
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy.
| | - Cristina Meregalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy.
| | - Virginia Rodriguez-Menendez
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Nicolini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy.
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9
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Florian B, Michel K, Steffi G, Nicole H, Frant M, Klaus L, Henning S. MSC differentiation on two-photon polymerized, stiffness and BMP2 modified biological copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:035001. [PMID: 30699400 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone tissue regeneration requires a three-dimensional biological setting. An ideal scaffold should enable cell proliferation and differentiation by mimicking structure and mechanical properties of the compromised defect as well as carrying growth factors. Two-photon polymerization (2PP) allows the preparation of 3D structures with a micrometric resolution. METHODS In this study, 2PP was applied to design scaffolds made from biocompatible methacrylated D,L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone copolymers (LC) with a controlled porous architecture. Proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells on LC was analyzed and compared to a standard inorganic urethane-dimethacrylate (UDMA) matrix. To functionalize LC and UDMA surfaces we analyzed a biomimetic, layer-by-layer coating, which could be modified in stiffness and integration of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and evaluated its effect on osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS On LC surfaces, BMSC demonstrated an optimal proliferation within pore sizes of 60-100 μm and showed a continuous expression of Vimentin. On the polyelectrolyte multilayer coating a significant increase in BMSC proliferation and differentiation as marked by Osteonectin expression was achieved using stiffness modification and BMP2 functionalization. CONCLUSION Combining 3D-Design with biofunctionalization, LC offers a promising approach for future regenerative applications in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Böhrnsen Florian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medicine Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Wang S, Ji D, Yang Q, Li M, Ma Z, Zhang S, Li H. NEFLb impairs early nervous system development via regulation of neuron apoptosis in zebrafish. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11208-11218. [PMID: 30569449 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurofilament light chain (NEFL), a subunit of neurofilament, has been shown to play an important role in pathogenic neurodegenerative disease and in radial axonal growth. However, information remains largely lacking regarding the function of NEFL in early development to date. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of two nefl genes, nefla and neflb, in zebrafish, generated by fish-specific third round genome duplication. These duplicated nefl genes were predominantly expressed in the nervous system with an overlapping and distinct expression pattern. Both gene knockdown and rescue experiments show that it was neflb rather than nefla that played an indispensable role in nervous system development. It was also found that neflb knockdown resulted in striking apoptosis of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to morphological defects such as brain structure disorder and trunk bending. Thus, we report a previously uncharacterized role of NEFL that NEFLb impairs the early development of zebrafish nervous system via regulation of the neuron apoptosis in the brain and spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Wang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongrui Ji
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingyun Yang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengyu Ma
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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11
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Tsui C, Maldonado P, Montaner B, Borroto A, Alarcon B, Bruckbauer A, Martinez-Martin N, Batista FD. Dynamic reorganisation of intermediate filaments coordinates early B-cell activation. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800060. [PMID: 30456377 PMCID: PMC6238617 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the role of vimentin, a type III intermediate filament, in B-cell function using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays, including super-resolution microscopic techniques. During B-cell activation, the dynamic reorganisation of the cytoskeleton is crucial for multiple cellular responses, such as receptor signalling, cell spreading, antigen internalisation, intracellular trafficking, and antigen presentation. However, the role of intermediate filaments (IFs), which represent a major component of the mammalian cytoskeleton, is not well defined. Here, by using multiple super-resolution microscopy techniques, including direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, we show that IFs in B cells undergo drastic reorganisation immediately upon antigen stimulation and that this reorganisation requires actin and microtubules. Although the loss of vimentin in B cells did not impair B-cell development, receptor signalling, and differentiation, vimentin-deficient B cells exhibit altered positioning of antigen-containing and lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1+) compartments, implying that vimentin may play a role in the fine-tuning of intracellular trafficking. Indeed, vimentin-deficient B cells exhibit impaired antigen presentation and delayed antibody responses in vivo. Thus, our study presents a new perspective on the role of IFs in B-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlson Tsui
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Paula Maldonado
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Beatriz Montaner
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Aldo Borroto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Balbino Alarcon
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Bruckbauer
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nuria Martinez-Martin
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Facundo D Batista
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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12
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Ali SA, Baig DN. Deciphering brain‐specific transcriptomic expression of
Ezr
,
Rad
and
Msn
genes in the development of
Mus musculus. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 68:106-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Aoun Ali
- Department of Biological ScienceForman Christian College (A Chartered University)Zahoor Elahi RoadLahore54600Pakistan
| | - Deeba N Baig
- Department of Biological ScienceForman Christian College (A Chartered University)Zahoor Elahi RoadLahore54600Pakistan
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13
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Mücke N, Kämmerer L, Winheim S, Kirmse R, Krieger J, Mildenberger M, Baßler J, Hurt E, Goldmann WH, Aebi U, Toth K, Langowski J, Herrmann H. Assembly Kinetics of Vimentin Tetramers to Unit-Length Filaments: A Stopped-Flow Study. Biophys J 2018; 114:2408-2418. [PMID: 29754715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are principal components of the cytoskeleton, a dynamic integrated system of structural proteins that provides the functional architecture of metazoan cells. They are major contributors to the elasticity of cells and tissues due to their high mechanical stability and intrinsic flexibility. The basic building block for the assembly of IFs is a rod-like, 60-nm-long tetrameric complex made from two antiparallel, half-staggered coiled coils. In low ionic strength, tetramers form stable complexes that rapidly assemble into filaments upon raising the ionic strength. The first assembly products, "frozen" by instantaneous chemical fixation and viewed by electron microscopy, are 60-nm-long "unit-length" filaments (ULFs) that apparently form by lateral in-register association of tetramers. ULFs are the active elements of IF growth, undergoing longitudinal end-to-end annealing with one another and with growing filaments. Originally, we have employed quantitative time-lapse atomic force and electron microscopy to analyze the kinetics of vimentin-filament assembly starting from a few seconds to several hours. To obtain detailed quantitative insight into the productive reactions that drive ULF formation, we now introduce a "stopped-flow" approach in combination with static light-scattering measurements. Thereby, we determine the basic rate constants for lateral assembly of tetramers to ULFs. Processing of the recorded data by a global fitting procedure enables us to describe the hierarchical steps of IF formation. Specifically, we propose that tetramers are consumed within milliseconds to yield octamers that are obligatory intermediates toward ULF formation. Although the interaction of tetramers is diffusion controlled, it is strongly driven by their geometry to mediate effective subunit targeting. Importantly, our model conclusively reflects the previously described occurrence of polymorphic ULF and mature filaments in terms of their number of tetramers per cross section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Mücke
- Division Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lara Kämmerer
- Division Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Winheim
- Division Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Kirmse
- Division Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Krieger
- Division Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Mildenberger
- Division Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Baßler
- Biochemistry Center of Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ed Hurt
- Biochemistry Center of Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Goldmann
- Department of Physics, Biophysics group, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ueli Aebi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katalin Toth
- Division Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Langowski
- Division Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Trogden KP, Battaglia RA, Kabiraj P, Madden VJ, Herrmann H, Snider NT. An image-based small-molecule screen identifies vimentin as a pharmacologically relevant target of simvastatin in cancer cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:2841-2854. [PMID: 29401610 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700663r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin is a cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein that is expressed in mesenchymal cells and cancer cells during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The goal of this study was to identify vimentin-targeting small molecules by using the Tocriscreen library of 1120 biochemically active compounds. We monitored vimentin filament reorganization and bundling in adrenal carcinoma SW13 vimentin-positive (SW13-vim+) cells via indirect immunofluorescence. The screen identified 18 pharmacologically diverse hits that included 2 statins-simvastatin and mevastatin. Simvastatin induced vimentin reorganization within 15-30 min and significant perinuclear bundling within 60 min (IC50 = 6.7 nM). Early filament reorganization coincided with increased vimentin solubility. Mevastatin produced similar effects at >1 µM, whereas the structurally related pravastatin and lovastatin did not affect vimentin. In vitro vimentin filament assembly assays revealed a direct targeting mechanism, as determined biochemically and by electron microscopy. In SW13-vim+ cells, simvastatin, but not pravastatin, reduced total cell numbers (IC50 = 48.1 nM) and promoted apoptosis after 24 h. In contrast, SW13-vim- cell viability was unaffected by simvastatin, unless vimentin was ectopically expressed. Simvastatin similarly targeted vimentin filaments and induced cell death in MDA-MB-231 (vim+), but lacked effect in MCF7 (vim-) breast cancer cells. In conclusion, this study identified vimentin as a direct molecular target that mediates simvastatin-induced cell death in 2 different cancer cell lines.-Trogden, K. P., Battaglia, R. A., Kabiraj, P., Madden, V. J., Herrmann, H., Snider, N. T. An image-based small-molecule screen identifies vimentin as a pharmacologically relevant target of simvastatin in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P Trogden
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel A Battaglia
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Parijat Kabiraj
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natasha T Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Proteomic Analysis of Thermal Regulation of Small Yellow Follicles in Broiler-Type Taiwan Country Chickens. J Poult Sci 2018; 55:120-136. [PMID: 32055165 PMCID: PMC6756493 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0170069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress hampers egg production and lowers fertility in layers. This study investigated global protein abundance in the small yellow follicles (SYFs, 6–8 mm diameter) of a broiler-type strain of Taiwan country chickens (TCCs) under acute heat stress. Twelve 30-week-old TCC hens were allocated to a control group maintained at 25°C, and to three acute heat-stressed groups subjected to 38°C for 2 h without recovery, with 2-h recovery, or with 6-h recovery. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis analysis identified 119 significantly differentially expressed proteins after acute heat exposure. Gene ontology analysis revealed that most of these proteins are involved in molecular binding (34%), catalytic activity (23%), and structural molecule activity (11%), and participate in metabolic processes (20%), cellular processes (20%), and cellular component organization or biogenesis (11%). Proteins associated with stress response and survival (HSP25, HSP47, HSP70, HSC70, HSPA9), cytoskeleton remodeling, mitochondrial metabolic process of ATP production, antioxidative defense (peroxiredoxin-6), cargo lipid export and delivery (vitellogenin, apolipoprotein B and A1), and toxin/metabolite clearance and delivery (albumin) were upregulated after acute heat stress in the SYFs of TCCs. No overt cell death and atresia were observed in SYFs after acute heat stress. Collectively, these responses may represent a protective mechanism to maintain follicle cell integrity and survival, thereby ensuring a sufficient pool of SYFs for selection into the ovulation hierarchy for successful egg production.
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16
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Matlin KS, Myllymäki SM, Manninen A. Laminins in Epithelial Cell Polarization: Old Questions in Search of New Answers. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a027920. [PMID: 28159878 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Laminin, a basement membrane protein discovered in 1979, was shortly thereafter implicated in the polarization of epithelial cells in both mammals and a variety of lower organisms. To transduce a spatial cue to the intrinsic polarization machinery, laminin must polymerize into a dense network that forms the foundation of the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that activation of the small GTPase Rac1 by β1-integrins mobilizes laminin-binding integrins and dystroglycan to consolidate formation of the laminin network and initiate rearrangements of both the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton to help establish the apicobasal axis. A key coordinator of spatial signals from laminin is the serine-threonine kinase Par-1, which is known to affect dystroglycan availability, microtubule and actin organization, and lumen formation. The signaling protein integrin-linked kinase (ILK) may also play a role. Despite significant advances, knowledge of the mechanism by which assembled laminin produces a spatial signal remains fragmentary, and much more research into the complex functions of laminin in polarization and other cellular processes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl S Matlin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1470
| | - Satu-Marja Myllymäki
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Aki Manninen
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
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17
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Arko-Boham B, Lomotey JT, Tetteh EN, Tagoe EA, Aryee NA, Owusu EA, Okai I, Blay RM, Clegg-Lamptey JN. Higher serum concentrations of vimentin and DAKP1 are associated with aggressive breast tumour phenotypes in Ghanaian women. Biomark Res 2017; 5:21. [PMID: 28616237 PMCID: PMC5466752 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-017-0100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, exhibits aggressive behavior in indigenous African women evidenced by high histologic grade tumours with low hormone receptor positivity. Aggressive breast cancers grow quickly, easily metastasize and recur and often have unfavourable outcomes. The current study investigated candidate genes that may regulate tumour aggression in Ghanaian women. We hypothesize that increased expression and function of certain genes other than the widely-held view attributing breast cancer aggression in African populations to their younger population age may be responsible for the aggressive nature of tumours. METHODS Employing ELISA, we assayed for vimentin and death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) from thawed archived (stored at -80 °C) serum samples obtained from 40 clinically confirmed Ghanaian breast cancer patients and 40 apparently healthy controls. Patients' clinical records and tumour parameters matching the samples were retrieved from the database of the hospital. ANOVA was used to compare means of serum protein concentration among groups while Chi-square analysis was used for the categorical data sets with p-value ≤0.05 considered significant. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between protein concentration and tumour parameters. RESULTS Of the 80 samples, 27 (33.8%) and 53 (66.2%) were from young (<35 years) and old (≥35 years), respectively. Vimentin and DAPK1 concentration were higher in patients than controls with higher levels in "young" age group than "old" age group. Vimentin concentration was highest in grade 3 tumours followed by grade 2 and 1 but that for DAPK1 was not significant. For vimentin, tumour area strongly correlated with tumour grade (r = 0.696, p < 0.05) but weakly correlated with tumour stage (r = 0.420, p < 0.05). Patient's age correlated with DAPK1 concentration (r = 0.393, p < 0.05). DAPK1 serum levels weakly correlated with cancer duration (r = 0.098, p = 0.27) and tumour size (r = 0.40, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Serum concentration of Vimentin and DAPK1 are elevated in Ghanaian breast cancer patients. This may be partly responsible for aggressive nature of the disease among the population. Vimentin and DAPK1 should be explored further as potential breast cancer biomarkers in Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Arko-Boham
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Justice Tanihu Lomotey
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Nomo Tetteh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Ayitey Tagoe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nii Ayite Aryee
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ewurama Ampadu Owusu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isaac Okai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Michael Blay
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Surgery, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
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18
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Yuan A, Rao MV, Veeranna, Nixon RA. Neurofilaments and Neurofilament Proteins in Health and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:9/4/a018309. [PMID: 28373358 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYNeurofilaments (NFs) are unique among tissue-specific classes of intermediate filaments (IFs) in being heteropolymers composed of four subunits (NF-L [neurofilament light]; NF-M [neurofilament middle]; NF-H [neurofilament heavy]; and α-internexin or peripherin), each having different domain structures and functions. Here, we review how NFs provide structural support for the highly asymmetric geometries of neurons and, especially, for the marked radial expansion of myelinated axons crucial for effective nerve conduction velocity. NFs in axons extensively cross-bridge and interconnect with other non-IF components of the cytoskeleton, including microtubules, actin filaments, and other fibrous cytoskeletal elements, to establish a regionally specialized network that undergoes exceptionally slow local turnover and serves as a docking platform to organize other organelles and proteins. We also discuss how a small pool of oligomeric and short filamentous precursors in the slow phase of axonal transport maintains this network. A complex pattern of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events on each subunit modulates filament assembly, turnover, and organization within the axonal cytoskeleton. Multiple factors, and especially turnover rate, determine the size of the network, which can vary substantially along the axon. NF gene mutations cause several neuroaxonal disorders characterized by disrupted subunit assembly and NF aggregation. Additional NF alterations are associated with varied neuropsychiatric disorders. New evidence that subunits of NFs exist within postsynaptic terminal boutons and influence neurotransmission suggests how NF proteins might contribute to normal synaptic function and neuropsychiatric disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Yuan
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York 10962.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Mala V Rao
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York 10962.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Veeranna
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York 10962.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York 10962.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016.,Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
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19
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Assessment of Deep Partial Thickness Burn Treatment with Keratin Biomaterial Hydrogels in a Swine Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1803912. [PMID: 28025638 PMCID: PMC5153489 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1803912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Partial thickness burns can advance to full thickness after initial injury due to inadequate tissue perfusion and increased production of inflammatory cytokines, which has been referred to as burn wound progression. In previous work, we demonstrated that a keratin biomaterial hydrogel appeared to reduce burn wound progression. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that a modified keratin hydrogel could reduce burn wound progression and speed healing. Standardized burn wounds were created in Yorkshire swine and treated within 30 minutes with keratin hydrogel (modified and unmodified), collagen hydrogel, or silver sulfadiazine (SSD). Digital images of each wound were taken for area measurements immediately prior to cleaning and dressing changes. Wound tissue was collected and assessed histologically at several time points. Wound area showed a significant difference between hydrogels and SSD groups, and rates of reepithelialization at early time points showed an increase when keratin treatment was used compared to both collagen and SSD. A linear regression model predicted a time to wound closure of approximately 25 days for keratin hydrogel while SSD treatment required 35 days. There appeared to be no measurable differences between the modified and unmodified formulations of keratin hydrogels.
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20
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Pecorari I, Puzzi L, Sbaizero O. Atomic force microscopy and lamins: A review study towards future, combined investigations. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 80:97-108. [PMID: 27859883 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, atomic force microscopy (AFM) underwent a rapid and stunning development, especially for studying mechanical properties of biological samples. The numerous discoveries relying to this approach, have increased the credit of AFM as a versatile tool, and potentially eligible as a diagnostic equipment. Meanwhile, it has become strikingly evident that lamins are involved on the onset and development of certain diseases, including cancer, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, cardiovascular pathologies, and muscular dystrophy. A new category of pathologies has been defined, the laminopathies, which are caused by mutations in the gene encoding for A-type lamins. As the majority of medical issues, lamins, and all their related aspects can be considered as a quite complex problem. Indeed, there are many facets to explore, and this definitely requires a multidisciplinary approach. One of the most intriguing aspects concerning lamins is their remarkable contribute to cells mechanics. Over the years, this has led to the speculation of the so-called "structural hypothesis", which attempts to elucidate the etiology and some features of the laminopathies. Among the various techniques tried to figure out the role of lamins in the cells mechanics, the AFM has been already successfully applied, proving its versatility. Therefore, the present work aims both to highlight the qualities of AFM and to review the most relevant knowledge about lamins, in order to promote the study of the latter, taking advantage from the former. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:97-108, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pecorari
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Puzzi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6-34127, Trieste, Italy
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21
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Moeton M, Stassen OMJA, Sluijs JA, van der Meer VWN, Kluivers LJ, van Hoorn H, Schmidt T, Reits EAJ, van Strien ME, Hol EM. GFAP isoforms control intermediate filament network dynamics, cell morphology, and focal adhesions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4101-20. [PMID: 27141937 PMCID: PMC5043008 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the characteristic intermediate filament (IF) protein in astrocytes. Expression of its main isoforms, GFAPα and GFAPδ, varies in astrocytes and astrocytoma implying a potential regulatory role in astrocyte physiology and pathology. An IF-network is a dynamic structure and has been functionally linked to cell motility, proliferation, and morphology. There is a constant exchange of IF-proteins with the network. To study differences in the dynamic properties of GFAPα and GFAPδ, we performed fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments on astrocytoma cells with fluorescently tagged GFAPs. Here, we show for the first time that the exchange of GFP-GFAPδ was significantly slower than the exchange of GFP-GFAPα with the IF-network. Furthermore, a collapsed IF-network, induced by GFAPδ expression, led to a further decrease in fluorescence recovery of both GFP-GFAPα and GFP-GFAPδ. This altered IF-network also changed cell morphology and the focal adhesion size, but did not alter cell migration or proliferation. Our study provides further insight into the modulation of the dynamic properties and functional consequences of the IF-network composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Moeton
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar M J A Stassen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Soft Tissue Biomechanics & Engineering, Department of biomedical engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A Sluijs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W N van der Meer
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselot J Kluivers
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hedde van Hoorn
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A J Reits
- Cell Biology and Histology, AMC Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam E van Strien
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Multiple Roles of the Small GTPase Rab7. Cells 2016; 5:cells5030034. [PMID: 27548222 PMCID: PMC5040976 DOI: 10.3390/cells5030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab7 is a small GTPase that belongs to the Rab family and controls transport to late endocytic compartments such as late endosomes and lysosomes. The mechanism of action of Rab7 in the late endocytic pathway has been extensively studied. Rab7 is fundamental for lysosomal biogenesis, positioning and functions, and for trafficking and degradation of several signaling receptors, thus also having implications on signal transduction. Several Rab7 interacting proteins have being identified leading to the discovery of a number of different important functions, beside its established role in endocytosis. Furthermore, Rab7 has specific functions in neurons. This review highlights and discusses the role and the importance of Rab7 on different cellular pathways and processes.
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Geisler F, Leube RE. Epithelial Intermediate Filaments: Guardians against Microbial Infection? Cells 2016; 5:cells5030029. [PMID: 27355965 PMCID: PMC5040971 DOI: 10.3390/cells5030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are abundant cytoskeletal components of epithelial tissues. They have been implicated in overall stress protection. A hitherto poorly investigated area of research is the function of intermediate filaments as a barrier to microbial infection. This review summarizes the accumulating knowledge about this interaction. It first emphasizes the unique spatial organization of the keratin intermediate filament cytoskeleton in different epithelial tissues to protect the organism against microbial insults. We then present examples of direct interaction between viral, bacterial, and parasitic proteins and the intermediate filament system and describe how this affects the microbe-host interaction by modulating the epithelial cytoskeleton, the progression of infection, and host response. These observations not only provide novel insights into the dynamics and function of intermediate filaments but also indicate future avenues to combat microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Geisler
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Guichet PO, Guelfi S, Ripoll C, Teigell M, Sabourin JC, Bauchet L, Rigau V, Rothhut B, Hugnot JP. Asymmetric Distribution of GFAP in Glioma Multipotent Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151274. [PMID: 26953813 PMCID: PMC4783030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric division (AD) is a fundamental mechanism whereby unequal inheritance of various cellular compounds during mitosis generates unequal fate in the two daughter cells. Unequal repartitions of transcription factors, receptors as well as mRNA have been abundantly described in AD. In contrast, the involvement of intermediate filaments in this process is still largely unknown. AD occurs in stem cells during development but was also recently observed in cancer stem cells. Here, we demonstrate the asymmetric distribution of the main astrocytic intermediate filament, namely the glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), in mitotic glioma multipotent cells isolated from glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent type of brain tumor. Unequal mitotic repartition of GFAP was also observed in mice non-tumoral neural stem cells indicating that this process occurs across species and is not restricted to cancerous cells. Immunofluorescence and videomicroscopy were used to capture these rare and transient events. Considering the role of intermediate filaments in cytoplasm organization and cell signaling, we propose that asymmetric distribution of GFAP could possibly participate in the regulation of normal and cancerous neural stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Guichet
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Sophie Guelfi
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Chantal Ripoll
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Marisa Teigell
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Charles Sabourin
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Luc Bauchet
- CHU Montpellier, Hopital Gui de Chaulliac, 80, avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Rigau
- CHU Montpellier, Hopital Gui de Chaulliac, 80, avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Rothhut
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Hugnot
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- Université Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- * E-mail: ;
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Perng MD, Huang YS, Quinlan RA. Purification of Protein Chaperones and Their Functional Assays with Intermediate Filaments. Methods Enzymol 2016; 569:155-75. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Alonso A, Greenlee M, Matts J, Kline J, Davis KJ, Miller RK. Emerging roles of sumoylation in the regulation of actin, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and septins. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:305-39. [PMID: 26033929 PMCID: PMC5049490 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sumoylation is a powerful regulatory system that controls many of the critical processes in the cell, including DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, nuclear transport, and DNA replication. Recently, new functions for SUMO have begun to emerge. SUMO is covalently attached to components of each of the four major cytoskeletal networks, including microtubule-associated proteins, septins, and intermediate filaments, in addition to nuclear actin and actin-regulatory proteins. However, knowledge of the mechanisms by which this signal transduction system controls the cytoskeleton is still in its infancy. One story that is beginning to unfold is that SUMO may regulate the microtubule motor protein dynein by modification of its adaptor Lis1. In other instances, cytoskeletal elements can both bind to SUMO non-covalently and also be conjugated by it. The molecular mechanisms for many of these new functions are not yet clear, but are under active investigation. One emerging model links the function of MAP sumoylation to protein degradation through SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases, also known as STUbL enzymes. Other possible functions for cytoskeletal sumoylation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Alonso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahoma
| | - Matt Greenlee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahoma
| | - Jessica Matts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahoma
| | - Jake Kline
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahoma
| | - Kayla J. Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahoma
| | - Rita K. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahoma
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AKT1-mediated Lamin A/C degradation is required for nuclear degradation and normal epidermal terminal differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:2123-32. [PMID: 26045045 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear degradation is a key stage in keratinocyte terminal differentiation and the formation of the cornified envelope that comprises the majority of epidermal barrier function. Parakeratosis, the retention of nuclear material in the cornified layer of the epidermis, is a common histological observation in many skin diseases, notably in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Keratinocyte nuclear degradation is not well characterised, and it is unclear whether the retained nuclei contribute to the altered epidermal differentiation seen in eczema and psoriasis. Loss of AKT1 function strongly correlated with parakeratosis both in eczema samples and in organotypic culture models. Although levels of DNAses, including DNase1L2, were unchanged, proteomic analysis revealed an increase in Lamin A/C. AKT phosphorylates Lamin A/C, targeting it for degradation. Consistent with this, Lamin A/C degradation was inhibited and Lamin A/C was observed in the cornified layer of AKT1 knockdown organotypic cultures, surrounding retained nuclear material. Using AKT-phosphorylation-dead Lamin A constructs we show that the retention of nuclear material is sufficient to cause profound changes in epidermal terminal differentiation, specifically a reduction in Loricrin, Keratin 1, Keratin 10, and filaggrin expression. We show that preventing nuclear degradation upregulates BMP2 expression and SMAD1 signalling. Consistent with these data, we observe both parakeratosis and evidence of increased SMAD1 signalling in atopic dermatitis. We therefore present a model that, in the absence of AKT1-mediated Lamin A/C degradation, DNA degradation processes, such as those mediated by DNAse 1L2, are prevented, leading to parakeratosis and changes in epidermal differentiation.
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Wang H, Wu M, Zhan C, Ma E, Yang M, Yang X, Li Y. Neurofilament proteins in axonal regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:620-6. [PMID: 25745454 PMCID: PMC4346988 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofilament protein is a component of the mature neuronal cytoskeleton, and it interacts with the zygosome, which is mediated by neurofilament-related proteins. Neurofilament protein regulates enzyme function and the structure of linker proteins. In addition, neurofilament gene expression plays an important role in nervous system development. Previous studies have shown that neurofilament gene transcriptional regulation is crucial for neurofilament protein expression, especially in axonal regeneration and degenerative diseases. Post-transcriptional regulation increased neurofilament protein gene transcription during axonal regeneration, ultimately resulting in a pattern of neurofilament protein expression. An expression imbalance of post-transcriptional regulatory proteins and other disorders could lead to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or other neurodegenerative diseases. These findings indicated that after transcription, neurofilament protein regulated expression of related proteins and promoted regeneration of damaged axons, suggesting that regulation disorders could lead to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhan
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Enyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beihua University Affiliated Hospital, Jilin 132000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Maoguang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yingpu Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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29
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Haase K, Pelling AE. Investigating cell mechanics with atomic force microscopy. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:20140970. [PMID: 25589563 PMCID: PMC4345470 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of mechanical force is crucial for normal cell development and functioning. However, the process of mechanotransduction cannot be studied in isolation from cell mechanics. Thus, in order to understand how cells 'feel', we must first understand how they deform and recover from physical perturbations. Owing to its versatility, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become a popular tool to study intrinsic cellular mechanical properties. Used to directly manipulate and examine whole and subcellular reactions, AFM allows for top-down and reconstitutive approaches to mechanical characterization. These studies show that the responses of cells and their components are complex, and largely depend on the magnitude and time scale of loading. In this review, we generally describe the mechanotransductive process through discussion of well-known mechanosensors. We then focus on discussion of recent examples where AFM is used to specifically probe the elastic and inelastic responses of single cells undergoing deformation. We present a brief overview of classical and current models often used to characterize observed cellular phenomena in response to force. Both simple mechanistic models and complex nonlinear models have been used to describe the observed cellular behaviours, however a unifying description of cell mechanics has not yet been resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Haase
- Department of Physics, Centre for Interdisciplinary NanoPhysics, MacDonald Hall, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew E Pelling
- Department of Physics, Centre for Interdisciplinary NanoPhysics, MacDonald Hall, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Biology, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Science Society and Policy, Desmarais Building, 55 Laurier Ave. East, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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30
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Gentil BJ, McLean JR, Xiao S, Zhao B, Durham HD, Robertson J. A two-hybrid screen identifies an unconventional role for the intermediate filament peripherin in regulating the subcellular distribution of the SNAP25-interacting protein, SIP30. J Neurochem 2014; 131:588-601. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit J. Gentil
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jesse R. McLean
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Shangxi Xiao
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Heather D. Durham
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Janice Robertson
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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31
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McLean JR, Smith GA, Rocha EM, Osborn TM, Dib S, Hayes MA, Beagan JA, Brown TB, Lawson TFS, Hallett PJ, Robertson J, Isacson O. ALS-associated peripherin spliced transcripts form distinct protein inclusions that are neuroprotective against oxidative stress. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:217-29. [PMID: 24907400 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular proteinaceous inclusions are well-documented hallmarks of the fatal motor neuron disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The pathological significance of these inclusions remains unknown. Peripherin, a type III intermediate filament protein, is upregulated in ALS and identified as a component within different types of ALS inclusions. The formation of these inclusions may be associated with abnormal peripherin splicing, whereby an increase in mRNA retaining introns 3 and 4 (Per-3,4) leads to the generation of an aggregation-prone isoform, Per-28. During the course of evaluating peripherin filament assembly in SW-13 cells, we identified that expression of both Per-3,4 and Per-28 transcripts formed inclusions with categorically distinct morphology: Per-3,4 was associated with cytoplasmic condensed/bundled filaments, small inclusions (<10μM), or large inclusions (≥10μM); while Per-28 was associated with punctate inclusions in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm. We found temporal and spatial changes in inclusion morphology between 12 and 48h post-transfected cells, which were accompanied by unique immunofluorescent and biochemical changes of other ALS-relevant proteins, including TDP-43 and ubiquitin. Despite mild cytotoxicity associated with peripherin transfection, Per-3,4 and Per-28 expression increased cell viability during H2O2-mediated oxidative stress in BE(2)-M17 neuroblastoma cells. Taken together, this study shows that ALS-associated peripherin isoforms form dynamic cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions, effect changes in local endogenous protein expression, and afford cytoprotection against oxidative stress. These findings may have important relevance to understanding the pathophysiological role of inclusions in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R McLean
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Gaynor A Smith
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Emily M Rocha
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Teresia M Osborn
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Samar Dib
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa A Hayes
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Beagan
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Tana B Brown
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Tristan F S Lawson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Janice Robertson
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
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Menko AS, Bleaken BM, Libowitz AA, Zhang L, Stepp MA, Walker JL. A central role for vimentin in regulating repair function during healing of the lens epithelium. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:776-90. [PMID: 24478454 PMCID: PMC3952848 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-12-0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique ex vivo mock cataract surgery model is used to study the role of vimentin in repair cell function during wound healing within a clinically relevant setting. Vimentin is found to be critical for the function of repair cells in directing the collective migration of the epithelium during wound healing. Mock cataract surgery provides a unique ex vivo model for studying wound repair in a clinically relevant setting. Here wound healing involves a classical collective migration of the lens epithelium, directed at the leading edge by an innate mesenchymal subpopulation of vimentin-rich repair cells. We report that vimentin is essential to the function of repair cells as the directors of the wound-healing process. Vimentin and not actin filaments are the predominant cytoskeletal elements in the lamellipodial extensions of the repair cells at the wound edge. These vimentin filaments link to paxillin-containing focal adhesions at the lamellipodial tips. Microtubules are involved in the extension of vimentin filaments in repair cells, the elaboration of vimentin-rich protrusions, and wound closure. The requirement for vimentin in repair cell function is revealed by both small interfering RNA vimentin knockdown and exposure to the vimentin-targeted drug withaferin A. Perturbation of vimentin impairs repair cell function and wound closure. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis reveals for the first time that myosin IIB is associated with vimentin, linking vimentin function in cell migration to myosin II motor proteins. These studies reveal a critical role for vimentin in repair cell function in regulating the collective movement of the epithelium in response to wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 Wills Vision Research Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA 19107 Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037
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Schatten H, Sun QY. Posttranslationally modified tubulins and other cytoskeletal proteins: their role in gametogenesis, oocyte maturation, fertilization and Pre-implantation embryo development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 759:57-87. [PMID: 25030760 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0817-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton, mainly consisting of microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments, along with cytoskeleton associated and interconnecting proteins as well as the centrosome, plays enormously important roles in all stages of embryogenesis and undergoes significant changes to accommodate a diversity of cellular functions during gametogenesis, oocyte maturation, fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development. The varied functions of the cytoskeleton can be accomplished on many different levels, among which are a diversity of different posttranslational modifications (PTMs), chemical modifications that regulate activity, localization and interactions with other cellular molecules. PTMs of the cytoskeleton, including phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, detyrosination/tyrosination, (poly)glutamylation and (poly)glycylation, acetylation, sumoylation, and palmitoylation, will be addressed in this chapter. Focus will be on (1) Microtubules, microtubule organizing centers (centrosomes), intermediate filaments, microfilaments and their PTMs; (2) Cytoskeletal functions and cytoskeletal PTMs during gametogenesis and oocyte maturation; and (3) Cytoskeletal functions and cytoskeletal PTMs during fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, 1600 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA,
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Singla A, Griggs NW, Kwan R, Snider NT, Maitra D, Ernst SA, Herrmann H, Omary MB. Lamin aggregation is an early sensor of porphyria-induced liver injury. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:3105-12. [PMID: 23641075 PMCID: PMC3711202 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.123026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative liver injury during steatohepatitis results in aggregation and transglutaminase-2 (TG2)-mediated crosslinking of the keratin cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins (IFs) to form Mallory-Denk body (MDB) inclusions. The effect of liver injury on lamin nuclear IFs is unknown, though lamin mutations in several human diseases result in lamin disorganization and nuclear shape changes. We tested the hypothesis that lamins undergo aggregation during oxidative liver injury using two MDB mouse models: (i) mice fed the porphyrinogenic drug 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) and (ii) mice that harbor a mutation in ferrochelatase (fch), which converts protoporphyrin IX to heme. Dramatic aggregation of lamin A/C and B1 was noted in the livers of both models in association with changes in lamin organization and nuclear shape, as determined by immunostaining and electron microscopy. The lamin aggregates sequester other nuclear proteins including transcription factors and ribosomal and nuclear pore components into high molecular weight complexes, as determined by mass-spectrometry and confirmed biochemically. Lamin aggregate formation is rapid and precedes keratin aggregation in fch livers, and is seen in liver explants of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Exposure of cultured cells to DDC, protoporphyrin IX or N-methyl-protoporphyrin, or incubation of purified lamins with protoporphyrin IX, also results in lamin aggregation. In contrast, lamin aggregation is ameliorated by TG2 inhibition. Therefore, lamin aggregation is an early sensor of porphyria-associated liver injury and might serve to buffer oxidative stress. The nuclear shape and lamin defects associated with porphyria phenocopy the changes seen in laminopathies and could result in transcriptional alterations due to sequestration of nuclear proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amika Singla
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas W. Griggs
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Raymond Kwan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Natasha T. Snider
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dhiman Maitra
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen A. Ernst
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Functional Architecture of the Cell Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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35
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Luiz Andrade Scherholz P, Cristina de Souza P, Spadacci-Morena D, Godosevicius Katz S. Vimentin is synthesized by mouse vascular trophoblast giant cells from embryonic day 7.5 onwards and is a characteristic factor of these cells. Placenta 2013; 34:518-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Wei Z, Huang D, Gao F, Chang WH, An W, Coetzee GA, Wang K, Lu W. Biological implications and regulatory mechanisms of long-range chromosomal interactions. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22369-77. [PMID: 23779110 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r113.485292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of high-throughput sequencing-based methods has enabled us to examine nuclear architecture at unprecedented resolution, allowing further examination of the function of long-range chromosomal interactions. Here, we review methods used to investigate novel long-range chromosomal interactions and genome-wide organization of chromatin. We further discuss transcriptional activation and silencing in relation to organization and positioning of gene loci and regulation of chromatin organization through protein complexes and noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Wei
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Bargagna-Mohan P, Deokule SP, Thompson K, Wizeman J, Srinivasan C, Vooturi S, Kompella UB, Mohan R. Withaferin A effectively targets soluble vimentin in the glaucoma filtration surgical model of fibrosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63881. [PMID: 23667686 PMCID: PMC3648549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA) is a natural product that binds to soluble forms of the type III intermediate filament (IF) vimentin. Currently, it is unknown under what pathophysiological contexts vimentin is druggable, as cytoskeltal vimentin-IFs are abundantly expressed. To investigate druggability of vimentin, we exploited rabbit Tenon's capsule fibroblast (RbTCF) cell cultures and the rabbit glaucoma filtration surgical (GFS) model of fibrosis. WFA potently caused G₀/G₁ cell cycle inhibition (IC₅₀ 25 nM) in RbTCFs, downregulating ubiquitin E3 ligase skp2 and inducing p27(Kip1) expression. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß-induced myofibroblast transformation caused development of cell spheroids with numerous elongated invadopodia, which WFA blocked potently by downregulating soluble vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression. In the pilot proof-of-concept study using the GFS model, subconjunctival injections of a low WFA dose reduced skp2 expression in Tenon's capsule and increased p27(Kip1) expression without significant alteration to vimentin-IFs. This treatment maintains significant nanomolar WFA concentrations in anterior segment tissues that correspond to WFA's cell cycle targeting activity. A ten-fold higher WFA dose caused potent downregulation of soluble vimentin and skp2 expression, but as found in cell cultures, no further increase in p27(Kip1) expression was observed. Instead, this high WFA dose potently induced vimentin-IF disruption and downregulated α-SMA expression that mimicked WFA activity in TGF-ß-treated RbTCFs that blocked cell contractile activity at submicromolar concentrations. These findings illuminate that localized WFA injection to ocular tissues exerts pharmacological control over the skp2-p27(Kip1) pathway by targeting of soluble vimentin in a model of surgical fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bargagna-Mohan
- Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sunil P. Deokule
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kyle Thompson
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - John Wizeman
- Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Cidambi Srinivasan
- Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sunil Vooturi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Uday B. Kompella
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Royce Mohan
- Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
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Baker LK, Gillis DC, Sharma S, Ambrus A, Herrmann H, Conover GM. Nebulin binding impedes mutant desmin filament assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:1918-32. [PMID: 23615443 PMCID: PMC3681697 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-11-0840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a clear picture of the in vitro assembly process is established for vimentin, the role of associated partner proteins and their effect on intermediate filament assembly has not been fully examined. This study finds delayed dynamics of desminopathy-linked mutant desmin in myocytes and hindered assembly when associated to nebulin. Desmin intermediate filaments (DIFs) form an intricate meshwork that organizes myofibers within striated muscle cells. The mechanisms that regulate the association of desmin to sarcomeres and their role in desminopathy are incompletely understood. Here we compare the effect nebulin binding has on the assembly kinetics of desmin and three desminopathy-causing mutant desmin variants carrying mutations in the head, rod, or tail domains of desmin (S46F, E245D, and T453I). These mutants were chosen because the mutated residues are located within the nebulin-binding regions of desmin. We discovered that, although nebulin M160–164 bound to both desmin tetrameric complexes and mature filaments, all three mutants exhibited significantly delayed filament assembly kinetics when bound to nebulin. Correspondingly, all three mutants displayed enhanced binding affinities and capacities for nebulin relative to wild-type desmin. Electron micrographs showed that nebulin associates with elongated normal and mutant DIFs assembled in vitro. Moreover, we measured significantly delayed dynamics for the mutant desmin E245D relative to wild-type desmin in fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in live-cell imaging experiments. We propose a mechanism by which mutant desmin slows desmin remodeling in myocytes by retaining nebulin near the Z-discs. On the basis of these data, we suggest that for some filament-forming desmin mutants, the molecular etiology of desminopathy results from subtle deficiencies in their association with nebulin, a major actin-binding filament protein of striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Baker
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
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Matthews JD, Morgan R, Sleigher C, Frey TK. Do viruses require the cytoskeleton? Virol J 2013; 10:121. [PMID: 23597412 PMCID: PMC3639929 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally thought that viruses require the cytoskeleton during their replication cycle. However, recent experiments in our laboratory with rubella virus, a member of the family Togaviridae (genus rubivirus), revealed that replication proceeded in the presence of drugs that inhibit microtubules. This study was done to expand on this observation. FINDINGS The replication of three diverse viruses, Sindbis virus (SINV; family Togaviridae family), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV; family Rhabdoviridae), and Herpes simplex virus (family Herpesviridae), was quantified by the titer (plaque forming units/ml; pfu/ml) produced in cells treated with one of three anti-microtubule drugs (colchicine, noscapine, or paclitaxel) or the anti-actin filament drug, cytochalasin D. None of these drugs affected the replication these viruses. Specific steps in the SINV infection cycle were examined during drug treatment to determine if alterations in specific steps in the virus replication cycle in the absence of a functional cytoskeletal system could be detected, i.e. redistribution of viral proteins and replication complexes or increases/decreases in their abundance. These investigations revealed that the observable impacts were a colchicine-mediated fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus and concomitant intracellular redistribution of the virion structural proteins, along with a reduction in viral genome and sub-genome RNA levels, but not double-stranded RNA or protein levels. CONCLUSIONS The failure of poisons affecting the cytoskeleton to inhibit the replication of a diverse set of viruses strongly suggests that viruses do not require a functional cytoskeletal system for replication, either because they do not utilize it or are able to utilize alternate pathways when it is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Matthews
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Mahammad S, Murthy SNP, Didonna A, Grin B, Israeli E, Perrot R, Bomont P, Julien JP, Kuczmarski E, Opal P, Goldman RD. Giant axonal neuropathy-associated gigaxonin mutations impair intermediate filament protein degradation. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1964-75. [PMID: 23585478 DOI: 10.1172/jci66387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is an early-onset neurological disorder caused by mutations in the GAN gene (encoding for gigaxonin), which is predicted to be an E3 ligase adaptor. In GAN, aggregates of intermediate filaments (IFs) represent the main pathological feature detected in neurons and other cell types, including patients' dermal fibroblasts. The molecular mechanism by which these mutations cause IFs to aggregate is unknown. Using fibroblasts from patients and normal individuals, as well as Gan-/- mice, we demonstrated that gigaxonin was responsible for the degradation of vimentin IFs. Gigaxonin was similarly involved in the degradation of peripherin and neurofilament IF proteins in neurons. Furthermore, proteasome inhibition by MG-132 reversed the clearance of IF proteins in cells overexpressing gigaxonin, demonstrating the involvement of the proteasomal degradation pathway. Together, these findings identify gigaxonin as a major factor in the degradation of cytoskeletal IFs and provide an explanation for IF aggregate accumulation, the subcellular hallmark of this devastating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleemulla Mahammad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Cogli L, Progida C, Thomas CL, Spencer-Dene B, Donno C, Schiavo G, Bucci C. Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B disease-causing RAB7A mutant proteins show altered interaction with the neuronal intermediate filament peripherin. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 125:257-72. [PMID: 23179371 PMCID: PMC3549248 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-1063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B (CMT2B) is a peripheral ulcero-mutilating neuropathy caused by four missense mutations in the rab7a gene. CMT2B is clinically characterized by prominent sensory loss, distal muscle weakness leading to muscle atrophy, high frequency of foot ulcers and infections that often results in toe amputations. RAB7A is a ubiquitous small GTPase, which controls transport to late endocytic compartments. Although the biochemical and functional properties of disease-causing RAB7A mutant proteins have been investigated, it is not yet clear how the disease originates. To understand how mutations in a ubiquitous protein specifically affect peripheral neurons, we performed a two-hybrid screen using a dorsal root ganglia cDNA library with the purpose of identifying RAB7A interactors specific for these cells. We identified peripherin, an intermediate filament protein expressed primarily in peripheral neurons, as a putative RAB7A interacting protein. The interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down experiments, and established that the interaction is direct using recombinant proteins. Silencing or overexpression of wild type RAB7A changed the soluble/insoluble rate of peripherin indicating that RAB7A is important for peripherin organization and function. In addition, disease-causing RAB7A mutant proteins bind more strongly to peripherin and their expression causes a significant increase in the amount of soluble peripherin. Since peripherin plays a role not only in neurite outgrowth during development but also in axonal regeneration after injury, these data suggest that the altered interaction between disease-causing RAB7A mutants and peripherin could play an important role in CMT2B neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cogli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Provinciale Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Noriega S, Hasanova G, Subramanian A. The effect of ultrasound stimulation on the cytoskeletal organization of chondrocytes seeded in three-dimensional matrices. Cells Tissues Organs 2012; 197:14-26. [PMID: 22987069 DOI: 10.1159/000339772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of low-intensity diffuse ultrasound (LIDUS) stimulation on the cytoskeletal organization of chondrocytes seeded in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds was evaluated. Chondrocytes seeded on 3D chitosan matrices were exposed to LIDUS at 5.0 MHz (approx. 15 kPa, 51 s, 4 applications/day) in order to study the organization of actin, tubulin and vimentin. The results showed that actin presented a punctate cytosolic distribution and tubulin presented a quasiparallel organization of microtubules, whereas vimentin distribution was unaffected. Chondrocytes seeded on 3D scaffolds responded to US stimulation by the disruption of actin stress fibers and were sensitive to the presence of Rho-activated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor (Y27632). The gene expression of ROCK-I, a key element in the formation of stress fibers and mDia1, was significantly upregulated under the application of US. We conclude that the results of both the cytoskeletal analyses and gene expression support the argument that the presence of punctate actin upon US stimulation was accompanied by the upregulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Noriega
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68516, USA
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Nunez F, Trach S, Burnett L, Handa R, Van Dyke M, Callahan M, Smith T. Vasoactive properties of keratin-derived compounds. Microcirculation 2012; 18:663-9. [PMID: 21977948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Keratin proteins have been utilized as biomaterials for decades, and are currently under investigation for a variety of tissue regeneration and trauma applications. It has been suggested that certain keratins may have the capacity to act as a colloid in fluid resuscitation applications, providing viscosity and oncotic properties that may be beneficial during acute ischemic events. Oxidized keratin derivatives, also known as keratoses, show good blood and cardiovascular compatibility and thus are the subject of this study. METHODS The effects of keratose compounds will be assessed using a topload i.v. infusion model and observation of changes in the microvasculature of the cremaster muscle of rats. RESULTS Keratose resuscitation fluid (KRF) administration resulted in significant vasodilation in the cremaster muscle. This effect was blocked with pretreatment of l-NA to inhibit NO. Another keratin fraction, alpha-keratose, which is the primary viscosic compound, was not found to induce vasodilation. CONCLUSIONS The apparent mechanism of vasodilation was found to be NO-mediated and isolated to a particular purified fraction, the KAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiesky Nunez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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45
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Liu WT, Ke HP, Zhao Y, Chen XL, Lu JJ, Du ZF, Yu D, Zhang XN. The most common mutation of KRT9, c.C487T (p.R163W), in epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma in two large Chinese pedigrees. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:604-9. [PMID: 22262370 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK) is generally associated with dominant-negative mutations of the Keratin 9 gene (KRT9), and rarely with the Keratin 1 gene (KRT1). To date, a myriad of mutations has been reported with a high frequency of codon 163 mutations within the first exon of KRT9 in different populations. Notably, a distinct phenotypic heterogeneity, digital mutilation, was found recently in a 58-year-old female Japanese EPPK patient with p.R163W. Here, we report the most common mutation, c.C487T (p.R163W) of KRT9, in two large EPPK pedigrees from southeast China. The arginine residue in peptide position 163 remains almost constant in at least 47 intermediate filament proteins ranging from snail to human. A substitution in arginine alters both the charge and shape of the 1A rod domain and disrupts the function of the helix initiation motif of keratins, finally compromising the integrity of filaments and weakening their stability in the epidermis of palms and soles. We summarize the clinical symptoms of EPPK in Chinese and show that knuckle pads are associated with KRT9 mutations. We suggest that the frequency of p.R163W in Chinese EPPK patients (31.03%) is consistent with that in the general population (29.33%), and that codon 163 is truly a hotspot mutational site of KRT9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Wendl J, Ebach K, Rodler D, Kenngott RAM. Immunocytochemical localization of cytoplasmic and nuclear intermediate filaments in the bovine ovary during folliculogenesis. Anat Histol Embryol 2012; 41:190-201. [PMID: 22250786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cellular cytoskeleton is composed of three fibrillar systems, namely actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments (IFs). It not only is a structural system, which mediates functional compartmentalization, but also contributes to many cellular processes such as transport, mitosis, secretion, formation of cell extensions, intercellular communication and apoptosis. In this study, we have examined the distribution of four groups of IFs [cytokeratins (CKs), vimentin, desmin and lamins] in the somatic and germinal cells of the bovine ovary using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical techniques. Using RT-PCR, specific transcripts for all intermediate proteins studied (CK8, CK18, desmin, vimentin, lamin A/C and lamin B1) were detected. A characteristic immunohistochemical staining pattern was observed for the different IFs within the ovary. In this study, we used antibodies against type I CK (acidic CKs: CK14, CK18 and CK19) and type II CK (basic CKs: CK5 and CK8). Among these, only antibodies against CK18 gave a characteristic pattern of immunostaining in the ovary, which included the surface epithelium, the follicle cells, the endothelium of blood vessels and rete ovarii. Antibodies against all other CKs resulted in a weak staining of a limited number of cellular structures (CK5 and CK19) or were completely negative (CK8 and CK14, apart from the surface epithelium). Vimentin antibodies resulted occasionally in a weak staining of the granulosa cells of primary and secondary follicles. In late secondary follicles, the basal and the most apical follicle cells contacting the zona pellucida usually showed a marked immunostaining for vimentin. In antral follicles, three different immunostaining patterns for vimentin were observed. Desmin immunostaining was confined to the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. Although mRNA for lamin A/C and lamin B1 could be demonstrated using RT-PCR, no immunostaining was found for lamins, neither in the follicle cells nor in the oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wendl
- Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU München, Munich, Germany
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Garcia G, Bertin A, Li Z, Song Y, McMurray MA, Thorner J, Nogales E. Subunit-dependent modulation of septin assembly: budding yeast septin Shs1 promotes ring and gauze formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 195:993-1004. [PMID: 22144691 PMCID: PMC3241732 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201107123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Substitution of specific terminal subunits within septin complexes and septin phosphorylation drive the formation of distinct higher-order septin assemblies in budding yeast. Septins are conserved guanosine triphosphate–binding cytoskeletal proteins involved in membrane remodeling. In budding yeast, five mitotic septins (Cdc3, Cdc10, Cdc11, Cdc12, and Shs1), which are essential for cytokinesis, transition during bud growth from a patch to a collar, which splits into two rings in cytokinesis and is disassembled before the next cell cycle. Cdc3, Cdc10, Cdc11, and Cdc12 form an apolar octameric rod with Cdc11 at each tip, which polymerizes into straight paired filaments. We show that Shs1 substitutes for Cdc11, resulting in octameric rods that do not polymerize into filaments but associate laterally, forming curved bundles that close into rings. In vivo, half of shs1Δ mutant cells exhibit incomplete collars and disrupted neck filaments. Importantly, different phosphomimetic mutations in Shs1 can either prevent ring formation or promote formation of a gauzelike meshwork. These results show that a single alternative terminal subunit is sufficient to confer a distinctive higher-order septin ultrastructure that can be further regulated by phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galo Garcia
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Bargagna-Mohan P, Paranthan RR, Hamza A, Zhan CG, Lee DM, Kim KB, Lau DL, Srinivasan C, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI, Herrmann H, Mohan R. Corneal antifibrotic switch identified in genetic and pharmacological deficiency of vimentin. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:989-1006. [PMID: 22117063 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.297150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The type III intermediate filaments (IFs) are essential cytoskeletal elements of mechanosignal transduction and serve critical roles in tissue repair. Mice genetically deficient for the IF protein vimentin (Vim(-/-)) have impaired wound healing from deficits in myofibroblast development. We report a surprising finding made in Vim(-/-) mice that corneas are protected from fibrosis and instead promote regenerative healing after traumatic alkali injury. This reparative phenotype in Vim(-/-) corneas is strikingly recapitulated by the pharmacological agent withaferin A (WFA), a small molecule that binds to vimentin and down-regulates its injury-induced expression. Attenuation of corneal fibrosis by WFA is mediated by down-regulation of ubiquitin-conjugating E3 ligase Skp2 and up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1). In cell culture models, WFA exerts G(2)/M cell cycle arrest in a p27(Kip1)- and Skp2-dependent manner. Finally, by developing a highly sensitive imaging method to measure corneal opacity, we identify a novel role for desmin overexpression in corneal haze. We demonstrate that desmin down-regulation by WFA via targeting the conserved WFA-ligand binding site shared among type III IFs promotes further improvement of corneal transparency without affecting cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor levels in Vim(-/-) mice. This dissociates a direct role for desmin in corneal cell proliferation. Taken together, our findings illuminate a previously unappreciated pathogenic role for type III IF overexpression in corneal fibrotic conditions and also validate WFA as a powerful drug lead toward anti-fibrosis therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bargagna-Mohan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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Conover GM, Gregorio CC. The desmin coil 1B mutation K190A impairs nebulin Z-disc assembly and destabilizes actin thin filaments. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:3464-76. [PMID: 21984811 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.087080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmin intermediate filaments intimately surround myofibrils in vertebrate muscle forming a mesh-like filament network. Desmin attaches to sarcomeres through its high-affinity association with nebulin, a giant F-actin binding protein that co-extends along the length of actin thin filaments. Here, we further investigated the functional significance of the association of desmin and nebulin in cultured primary myocytes to address the hypothesis that this association is key in integrating myofibrils to the intermediate filament network. Surprisingly, we identified eight peptides along the length of desmin that are capable of binding to C-terminal modules 160-170 in nebulin. In this study, we identified a targeted mutation (K190A) in the desmin coil 1B region that results in its reduced binding with the nebulin C-terminal modules. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and quantitative analysis, we demonstrate that expression of the mutant desmin K190A in primary myocytes results in a significant reduction in assembled endogenous nebulin and desmin at the Z-disc. Non-uniform actin filaments were markedly prevalent in myocytes expressing GFP-tagged desmin K190A, suggesting that the near-crystalline organization of actin filaments in striated muscle depends on a stable interaction between desmin and nebulin. All together, these data are consistent with a model in which Z-disc-associated nebulin interacts with desmin through multiple sites to provide efficient stability to satisfy the dynamic contractile activity of myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Conover
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and the Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Chansard M, Hong JH, Park YU, Park SK, Nguyen MD. Ndel1, Nudel (Noodle): flexible in the cell? Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2011; 68:540-54. [PMID: 21948775 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear distribution element-like 1 (Ndel1 or Nudel) was firstly described as a regulator of the cytoskeleton in microtubule and intermediate filament dynamics and microtubule-based transport. Emerging evidence indicates that Ndel1 also serves as a docking platform for signaling proteins and modulates enzymatic activities (kinase, ATPase, oligopeptidase, GTPase). Through these structural and signaling functions, Ndel1 plays a role in diverse cellular processes (e.g., mitosis, neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal migration). Furthermore, Ndel1 is linked to the etiology of various mental illnesses and neurodegenerative disorders. In the present review, we summarize the physiological and pathological functions associated with Ndel1. We further advance the concept that Ndel1 interfaces GTPases-mediated processes (endocytosis, vesicles morphogenesis/signaling) and cytoskeletal dynamics to impact cell signaling and behaviors. This putative mechanism may affect cellular functionalities and may contribute to shed light into the causes of devastating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Chansard
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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