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Zhang X, Wu H, Tang B, Guo J. Clinical, mechanistic, biomarker, and therapeutic advances in GBA1-associated Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:48. [PMID: 39267121 PMCID: PMC11391654 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The development of PD is closely linked to genetic and environmental factors, with GBA1 variants being the most common genetic risk. Mutations in the GBA1 gene lead to reduced activity of the coded enzyme, glucocerebrosidase, which mediates the development of PD by affecting lipid metabolism (especially sphingolipids), lysosomal autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum, as well as mitochondrial and other cellular functions. Clinically, PD with GBA1 mutations (GBA1-PD) is characterized by particular features regarding the progression of symptom severity. On the therapeutic side, the discovery of the relationship between GBA1 variants and PD offers an opportunity for targeted therapeutic interventions. In this review, we explore the genotypic and phenotypic correlations, etiologic mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches of GBA1-PD and summarize the current state of research and its challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Heng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Multi-Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Clinical Research Center for Immune-Related Encephalopathy of Hunan Province, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Neurology, Multi-Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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2
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Yang Y, Bagyinszky E, An SSA. A Novel Rare PSEN2 Val226Ala in PSEN2 in a Korean Patient with Atypical Alzheimer's Disease, and the Importance of PSEN2 5th Transmembrane Domain (TM5) in AD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9678. [PMID: 39273625 PMCID: PMC11395454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, a novel presenilin-2 (PSEN2) mutation, Val226Ala, was found in a 59-year-old Korean patient who exhibited rapid progressive memory dysfunction and hallucinations six months prior to her first visit to the hospital. Her Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed brain atrophy, and both amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and multimer detection system-oligomeric amyloid-beta (Aβ) results were positive. The patient was diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer's disease. The whole-exome analysis revealed a new PSEN2 Val226Ala mutation with heterozygosity in the 5th transmembrane domain of the PSEN2 protein near the lumen region. Analyses of the structural prediction suggested structural changes in the helix, specifically a loss of a hydrogen bond between Val226 and Gln229, which may lead to elevated helix motion. Multiple PSEN2 mutations were reported in PSEN2 transmembrane-5 (TM5), such as Tyr231Cys, Ile235Phe, Ala237Val, Leu238Phe, Leu238Pro, and Met239Thr, highlighting the dynamic importance of the 5th transmembrane domain of PSEN2. Mutations in TM5 may alter the access tunnel of the Aβ substrate in the membrane to the gamma-secretase active site, indicating a possible influence on enzyme function that increases Aβ production. Interestingly, the current patient with the Val226Ala mutation presented with a combination of hallucinations and memory dysfunction. Although the causal mechanisms of hallucinations in AD remain unclear, it is possible that PSEN2 interacts with other disease risk factors, including Notch Receptor 3 (NOTCH3) or Glucosylceramidase Beta-1 (GBA) variants, enhancing the occurrence of hallucinations. In conclusion, the direct or indirect role of PSEN2 Val226Ala in AD onset cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungSoon Yang
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Gachon University Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, College of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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Nixon RA, Rubinsztein DC. Mechanisms of autophagy-lysosome dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00757-5. [PMID: 39107446 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-based degradative process used to recycle obsolete cellular constituents and eliminate damaged organelles and aggregate-prone proteins. Their postmitotic nature and extremely polarized morphologies make neurons particularly vulnerable to disruptions caused by autophagy-lysosomal defects, especially as the brain ages. Consequently, mutations in genes regulating autophagy and lysosomal functions cause a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the role of autophagy and lysosomes in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and frontotemporal dementia. We also consider the strong impact of cellular ageing on lysosomes and autophagy as a tipping point for the late-age emergence of related neurodegenerative disorders. Many of these diseases have primary defects in autophagy, for example affecting autophagosome formation, and in lysosomal functions, especially pH regulation and calcium homeostasis. We have aimed to provide an integrative framework for understanding the central importance of autophagic-lysosomal function in neuronal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
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4
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Wang Q, Gu X, Yang L, Jiang Y, Zhang J, He J. Emerging perspectives on precision therapy for Parkinson's disease: multidimensional evidence leading to a new breakthrough in personalized medicine. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1417515. [PMID: 39026991 PMCID: PMC11254646 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1417515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PD is a prevalent and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. Genes play a significant role in the onset and progression of the disease. While the complexity and pleiotropy of gene expression networks have posed challenges for gene-targeted therapies, numerous pathways of gene variant expression show promise as therapeutic targets in preclinical studies, with some already in clinical trials. With the recognition of the numerous genes and complex pathways that can influence PD, it may be possible to take a novel approach to choose a treatment for the condition. This approach would be based on the symptoms, genomics, and underlying mechanisms of the disease. We discuss the utilization of emerging genetic and pathological knowledge of PD patients to categorize the disease into subgroups. Our long-term objective is to generate new insights for the therapeutic approach to the disease, aiming to delay and treat it more effectively, and ultimately reduce the burden on individuals and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuan Gu
- Department of Trauma center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinting He
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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5
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O’Day DH. The Complex Interplay between Toxic Hallmark Proteins, Calmodulin-Binding Proteins, Ion Channels, and Receptors Involved in Calcium Dyshomeostasis in Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2024; 14:173. [PMID: 38397410 PMCID: PMC10886625 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium dyshomeostasis is an early critical event in neurodegeneration as exemplified by Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's (HD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. Neuronal calcium homeostasis is maintained by a diversity of ion channels, buffers, calcium-binding protein effectors, and intracellular storage in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes. The function of these components and compartments is impacted by the toxic hallmark proteins of AD (amyloid beta and Tau), HD (huntingtin) and PD (alpha-synuclein) as well as by interactions with downstream calcium-binding proteins, especially calmodulin. Each of the toxic hallmark proteins (amyloid beta, Tau, huntingtin, and alpha-synuclein) binds to calmodulin. Multiple channels and receptors involved in calcium homeostasis and dysregulation also bind to and are regulated by calmodulin. The primary goal of this review is to show the complexity of these interactions and how they can impact research and the search for therapies. A secondary goal is to suggest that therapeutic targets downstream from calcium dyshomeostasis may offer greater opportunities for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danton H. O’Day
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada;
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
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Ratan Y, Rajput A, Pareek A, Pareek A, Jain V, Sonia S, Farooqui Z, Kaur R, Singh G. Advancements in Genetic and Biochemical Insights: Unraveling the Etiopathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:73. [PMID: 38254673 PMCID: PMC10813470 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder worldwide, which is primarily characterized by motor impairments. Even though multiple hypotheses have been proposed over the decades that explain the pathogenesis of PD, presently, there are no cures or promising preventive therapies for PD. This could be attributed to the intricate pathophysiology of PD and the poorly understood molecular mechanism. To address these challenges comprehensively, a thorough disease model is imperative for a nuanced understanding of PD's underlying pathogenic mechanisms. This review offers a detailed analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PD, with a particular emphasis on the roles played by gene-based factors in the disease's development and progression. This study includes an extensive discussion of the proteins and mutations of primary genes that are linked to PD, including α-synuclein, GBA1, LRRK2, VPS35, PINK1, DJ-1, and Parkin. Further, this review explores plausible mechanisms for DAergic neural loss, non-motor and non-dopaminergic pathologies, and the risk factors associated with PD. The present study will encourage the related research fields to understand better and analyze the current status of the biochemical mechanisms of PD, which might contribute to the design and development of efficacious and safe treatment strategies for PD in future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aishwarya Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Sonia Sonia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Zeba Farooqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151101, Punjab, India;
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
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Majid N, Khan RH. Protein aggregation: Consequences, mechanism, characterization and inhibitory strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:125123. [PMID: 37270122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play a major role in the regulation of various cellular functions including the synthesis of structural components. But proteins are stable under physiological conditions only. A slight variation in environmental conditions can cost them huge in terms of conformational stability ultimately leading to aggregation. Under normal conditions, aggregated proteins are degraded or removed from the cell by a quality control system including ubiquitin-proteasomal machinery and autophagy. But they are burdened under diseased conditions or are impaired by the aggregated proteins leading to the generation of toxicity. The misfolding and aggregation of protein such as amyloid-β, α-synuclein, human lysozyme etc., are responsible for certain diseases including Alzheimer, Parkinson, and non- neuropathic systemic amyloidosis respectively. Extensive research has been done to find the therapeutics for such diseases but till now we have got only symptomatic treatment that will reduce the disease severity but will not target the initial formation of nucleus responsible for disease progression and propagation. Hence there is an urgent need to develop the drugs targeting the cause of the disease. For this, a wide knowledge related to misfolding and aggregation under the same heading is required as described in this review alongwith the strategies hypothesized and implemented till now. This will contribute a lot to the work of researchers in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeela Majid
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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8
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Menozzi E, Toffoli M, Schapira AHV. Targeting the GBA1 pathway to slow Parkinson disease: Insights into clinical aspects, pathogenic mechanisms and new therapeutic avenues. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108419. [PMID: 37080432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The GBA1 gene encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which is involved in sphingolipid metabolism. Biallelic variants in GBA1 cause Gaucher disease (GD), a lysosomal storage disorder characterised by loss of GCase activity and aberrant intracellular accumulation of GCase substrates. Carriers of GBA1 variants have an increased risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD), with odds ratio ranging from 2.2 to 30 according to variant severity. GBA1 variants which do not cause GD in homozygosis can also increase PD risk. Patients with PD carrying GBA1 variants show a more rapidly progressive phenotype compared to non-carriers, emphasising the need for disease modifying treatments targeting the GBA1 pathway. Several mechanisms secondary to GCase dysfunction are potentially responsible for the pathological changes leading to PD. Misfolded GCase proteins induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent unfolded protein response and impair the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. This results in α-synuclein accumulation and spread, and promotes neurodegenerative changes. Preclinical evidence also shows that products of GCase activity can promote accumulation of α-synuclein, however there is no convincing evidence of substrate accumulation in GBA1-PD brains. Altered lipid homeostasis secondary to loss of GCase activity could also contribute to PD pathology. Treatments that target the GBA1 pathway could reverse these pathological processes and halt/slow the progression of PD. These range from augmentation of GCase activity via GBA1 gene therapy, restoration of normal intracellular GCase trafficking via molecular chaperones, and substrate reduction therapy. This review discusses the pathways associated with GBA1-PD and related novel GBA1-targeted interventions for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Menozzi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Marco Toffoli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America.
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Steiner P, Arlt E, Boekhoff I, Gudermann T, Zierler S. TPC Functions in the Immune System. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:71-92. [PMID: 36639434 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-pore channels (TPCs) are novel intracellular cation channels, which play a key role in numerous (patho-)physiological and immunological processes. In this chapter, we focus on their function in immune cells and immune reactions. Therefore, we first give an overview of the cellular immune response and the partaking immune cells. Second, we concentrate on ion channels which in the past have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of immune cells. The main focus is then directed to TPCs, which are primarily located in the membranes of acidic organelles, such as lysosomes or endolysosomes but also certain other vesicles. They regulate Ca2+ homeostasis and thus Ca2+ signaling in immune cells. Due to this important functional role, TPCs are enjoying increasing attention within the field of immunology in the last few decades but are also becoming more pertinent as pharmacological targets for the treatment of pro-inflammatory diseases such as allergic hypersensitivity. However, to uncover the precise molecular mechanism of TPCs in immune cell responses, further molecular, genetic, and ultrastructural investigations on TPCs are necessary, which then may pave the way to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat diseases such as anaphylaxis more specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Steiner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Arlt
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingrid Boekhoff
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Zajac M, Modi S, Krishnan Y. The evolution of organellar calcium mapping technologies. Cell Calcium 2022; 108:102658. [PMID: 36274564 PMCID: PMC10224794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ fluxes are dynamically controlled by the co-involvement of multiple organellar pools of stored Ca2+. Endolysosomes are emerging as physiologically critical, yet underexplored, sources and sinks of intracellular Ca2+. Delineating the role of organelles in Ca2+ signaling has relied on chemical fluorescent probes and electrophysiological strategies. However, the acidic endolysosomal environment presents unique issues, which preclude the use of traditional chemical reporter strategies to map lumenal Ca2+. Here, we broadly address the current state of knowledge about organellar Ca2+ pools. We then outline the application of traditional probes, and their sensing paradigms. We then discuss how a new generation of probes overcomes the limitations of traditional Ca2+probes, emphasizing their ability to offer critical insights into endolysosomal Ca2+, and its feedback with other organellar pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zajac
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Souvik Modi
- Esya Labs, Translation and Innovation Hub, Imperial College White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA.
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11
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Zhang J, Shen Q, Ma Y, Liu L, Jia W, Chen L, Xie J. Calcium Homeostasis in Parkinson's Disease: From Pathology to Treatment. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1267-1270. [PMID: 35727497 PMCID: PMC9554109 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qingqing Shen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenting Jia
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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12
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Riboldi GM, Vialle RA, Navarro E, Udine E, de Paiva Lopes K, Humphrey J, Allan A, Parks M, Henderson B, Astudillo K, Argyrou C, Zhuang M, Sikder T, Oriol Narcis J, Kumar SD, Janssen W, Sowa A, Comi GP, Di Fonzo A, Crary JF, Frucht SJ, Raj T. Transcriptome deregulation of peripheral monocytes and whole blood in GBA-related Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:52. [PMID: 35978378 PMCID: PMC9386994 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic mutations in beta-glucocerebrosidase (GBA) represent the major genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). GBA participates in both the endo-lysosomal pathway and the immune response, two important mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PD. However, modifiers of GBA penetrance have not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS We characterized the transcriptomic profiles of circulating monocytes in a population of patients with PD and healthy controls (CTRL) with and without GBA variants (n = 23 PD/GBA, 13 CTRL/GBA, 56 PD, 66 CTRL) and whole blood (n = 616 PD, 362 CTRL, 127 PD/GBA, 165 CTRL/GBA). Differential expression analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and outlier detection were performed. Ultrastructural characterization of isolated CD14+ monocytes in the four groups was also performed through electron microscopy. RESULTS We observed hundreds of differentially expressed genes and dysregulated pathways when comparing manifesting and non-manifesting GBA mutation carriers. Specifically, when compared to idiopathic PD, PD/GBA showed dysregulation in genes involved in alpha-synuclein degradation, aging and amyloid processing. Gene-based outlier analysis confirmed the involvement of lysosomal, membrane trafficking, and mitochondrial processing in manifesting compared to non-manifesting GBA-carriers, as also observed at the ultrastructural levels. Transcriptomic results were only partially replicated in an independent cohort of whole blood samples, suggesting cell-type specific changes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our transcriptomic analysis of primary monocytes identified gene targets and biological processes that can help in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms associated with GBA mutations in the context of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulietta Maria Riboldi
- The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, 222 East 41st street, New York, NY 10017 USA
| | - Ricardo A. Vialle
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1137, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Elisa Navarro
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1137, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Evan Udine
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1137, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Katia de Paiva Lopes
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1137, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1137, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Amanda Allan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1137, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Madison Parks
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1137, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Brooklyn Henderson
- The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, 222 East 41st street, New York, NY 10017 USA
| | - Kelly Astudillo
- The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, 222 East 41st street, New York, NY 10017 USA
| | - Charalambos Argyrou
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1137, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Maojuan Zhuang
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1137, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Tamjeed Sikder
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, Annenberg Building, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 9-22, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - J. Oriol Narcis
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1137, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Shilpa Dilip Kumar
- Microscopy Core and Advanced Bioimaging Center at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center, 1468 Madison Avenue, Room 18-250, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - William Janssen
- Microscopy Core and Advanced Bioimaging Center at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center, 1468 Madison Avenue, Room 18-250, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Allison Sowa
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, Annenberg Building, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Giacomo P. Comi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milano, MI Italy
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milano, MI Italy
| | - John F. Crary
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, Annenberg Building, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 9-22, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Steven J. Frucht
- The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, 222 East 41st street, New York, NY 10017 USA
| | - Towfique Raj
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1137, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, ICAHN 10-70E, New York, NY 10029–6574 USA
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Two-pore channels: going with the flows. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1143-1155. [PMID: 35959977 PMCID: PMC9444070 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, our understanding of the structure, mechanisms and functions of the endo-lysosomal TPC (two-pore channel) family have grown apace. Gated by the second messengers, NAADP and PI(3,5)P2, TPCs are an integral part of fundamental signal-transduction pathways, but their array and plasticity of cation conductances (Na+, Ca2+, H+) allow them to variously signal electrically, osmotically or chemically. Their relative tissue- and organelle-selective distribution, together with agonist-selective ion permeabilities provides a rich palette from which extracellular stimuli can choose. TPCs are emerging as mediators of immunity, cancer, metabolism, viral infectivity and neurodegeneration as this short review attests.
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Arévalo NB, Lamaizon CM, Cavieres VA, Burgos PV, Álvarez AR, Yañez MJ, Zanlungo S. Neuronopathic Gaucher disease: Beyond lysosomal dysfunction. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:934820. [PMID: 35992201 PMCID: PMC9381931 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.934820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an inherited disorder caused by recessive mutations in the GBA1 gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GC). β-GC hydrolyzes glucosylceramide (GluCer) into glucose and ceramide in the lysosome, and the loss of its activity leads to GluCer accumulation in different tissues. In severe cases, enzymatic deficiency triggers inflammation, organomegaly, bone disease, and neurodegeneration. Neuronopathic Gaucher disease (nGD) encompasses two different forms of the disease, characterized by chronic or acute damage to the central nervous system (CNS). The cellular and molecular studies that uncover the pathological mechanisms of nGD mainly focus on lysosomal dysfunction since the lysosome is the key organelle affected in GD. However, new studies show alterations in other organelles that contribute to nGD pathology. For instance, abnormal accumulation of GluCer in lysosomes due to the loss of β-GC activity leads to excessive calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), activating the ER-associated degradation pathway and the unfolded protein response. Recent evidence indicates mitophagy is altered in nGD, resulting in the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, a critical factor in disease progression. Additionally, nGD patients present alterations in mitochondrial morphology, membrane potential, ATP production, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Little is known about potential dysfunction in other organelles of the secretory pathway, such as the Golgi apparatus and exosomes. This review focuses on collecting evidence regarding organelle dysfunction beyond lysosomes in nGD. We briefly describe cellular and animal models and signaling pathways relevant to uncovering the pathological mechanisms and new therapeutic targets in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohela B. Arévalo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian M. Lamaizon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana A. Cavieres
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra R. Álvarez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - María J. Yañez
- Faculty of Medicine and Science, School of Medical Technology, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: María J. Yañez
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Silvana Zanlungo
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15
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Tang H, Huang X, Pang S. Regulation of the lysosome by sphingolipids: potential role in aging. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102118. [PMID: 35691340 PMCID: PMC9257404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of bioactive complex lipids that have been closely associated with aging and aging-related diseases. However, the mechanism through which sphingolipids control aging has long been a mystery. Emerging studies reveal that sphingolipids exert tight control over lysosomal homeostasis and function, as evidenced by sphingolipid-related diseases, including but not limited to lysosomal storage disorders. These diseases are defined by primary lysosomal defects and a few secondary defects such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Intriguingly, recent research indicates that the majority of these defects are also associated with aging, implying that sphingolipid-related diseases and aging may share common mechanisms. We propose that the lysosome is a pivotal hub for sphingolipid-mediated aging regulation. This review discusses the critical roles of sphingolipid metabolism in regulating various lysosomal functions, with an emphasis on how such regulation may contribute to aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaokun Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shanshan Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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Martucci LL, Cancela JM. Neurophysiological functions and pharmacological tools of acidic and non-acidic Ca2+ stores. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Francelle L, Mazzulli JR. Neuroinflammation in aucher disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, and commonalities with Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res 2022; 1780:147798. [PMID: 35063468 PMCID: PMC9126024 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are rare genetic disorders caused by a disruption in cellular clearance, resulting in pathological storage of undegraded lysosomal substrates. Recent clinical and genetic studies have uncovered links between multiple LSDs and common neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we review recent literature describing the role of glia cells and neuroinflammation in PD and LSDs, including Gaucher disease (GD) and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), and highlight converging inflammation pathways that lead to neuron loss. Recent data indicates that lysosomal dysfunction and accumulation of storage materials can initiate the activation of glial cells, through interaction with cell surface or cytosolic pattern recognition receptors that detect pathogenic aggregates of cellular debris. Activated glia cells could act to protect neurons through the elimination of toxic protein or lipid aggregates early in the disease process. However prolonged glial activation that occurs over several decades in chronic-age related neurodegeneration could induce the inappropriate elimination of synapses, leading to neuron loss. These studies provide mechanistic insight into the relationship between lysosomal dysfunction and glial activation, and offer novel therapeutic pathways for the treatment of PD and LSDs focused on reducing neuroinflammation and mitigating cell loss.
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Glycosphingolipid metabolism and its role in ageing and Parkinson's disease. Glycoconj J 2021; 39:39-53. [PMID: 34757540 PMCID: PMC8979855 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that lysosomal glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) variants are a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD), with increasing evidence suggesting a loss of function mechanism. One question raised by this genetic association is whether variants of genes involved in other aspects of sphingolipid metabolism are also associated with PD. Recent studies in sporadic PD have identified variants in multiple genes linked to diseases of glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism to be associated with PD. GSL biosynthesis is a complex pathway involving the coordinated action of multiple enzymes in the Golgi apparatus. GSL catabolism takes place in the lysosome and is dependent on the action of multiple acid hydrolases specific for certain substrates and glycan linkages. The finding that variants in multiple GSL catabolic genes are over-represented in PD in a heterozygous state highlights the importance of GSLs in the healthy brain and how lipid imbalances and lysosomal dysfunction are associated with normal ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this article we will explore the link between lysosomal storage disorders and PD, the GSL changes seen in both normal ageing, lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and PD and the mechanisms by which these changes can affect neurodegeneration.
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Lualdi M, Shafique A, Pedrini E, Pieroni L, Greco V, Castagnola M, Cucina G, Corrado L, Di Pierro A, De Marchi F, Camillo L, Colombrita C, D’Anca M, Alberio T, D’Alfonso S, Fasano M. C9ORF72 Repeat Expansion Affects the Proteome of Primary Skin Fibroblasts in ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910385. [PMID: 34638725 PMCID: PMC8508815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of the corticospinal motor neurons, which ultimately leads to death. The repeat expansion in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) represents the most common genetic cause of ALS and it is also involved in the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative disorders. To offer insights into C9ORF72-mediated pathogenesis, we quantitatively analyzed the proteome of patient-derived primary skin fibroblasts from ALS patients carrying the C9ORF72 mutation compared with ALS patients who tested negative for it. Differentially expressed proteins were identified, used to generate a protein-protein interaction network and subjected to a functional enrichment analysis to unveil altered molecular pathways. ALS patients were also compared with patients affected by frontotemporal dementia carrying the C9ORF72 repeat expansion. As a result, we demonstrated that the molecular pathways mainly altered in fibroblasts (e.g., protein homeostasis) mirror the alterations observed in C9ORF72-mutated neurons. Moreover, we highlighted novel molecular pathways (nuclear and mitochondrial transports, vesicle trafficking, mitochondrial bioenergetics, glucose metabolism, ER-phagosome crosstalk and Slit/Robo signaling pathway) which might be further investigated as C9ORF72-specific pathogenetic mechanisms. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD023866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lualdi
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0331-339-414
| | - Adeena Shafique
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Proteomics and Metabolomic Laboratory, Experimental Neuroscience Department, S. Lucia Foundation IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Viviana Greco
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-00168 Rome, Italy;
- Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics and Metabolomic Laboratory, Experimental Neuroscience Department, S. Lucia Foundation IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Giorgia Cucina
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Lucia Corrado
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Alice Di Pierro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy;
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lara Camillo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Claudia Colombrita
- Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, I-20149 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marianna D’Anca
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, Policlinico Hospital, I-20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Sandra D’Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
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Plasma Membrane and Organellar Targets of STIM1 for Intracellular Calcium Handling in Health and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102518. [PMID: 34685498 PMCID: PMC8533710 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Located at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) undergoes a complex conformational rearrangement after depletion of ER luminal Ca2+. Then, STIM1 translocates into discrete ER-plasma membrane (PM) junctions where it directly interacts with and activates plasma membrane Orai1 channels to refill ER with Ca2+. Furthermore, Ca2+ entry due to Orai1/STIM1 interaction may induce canonical transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) translocation to the plasma membrane, where it is activated by STIM1. All these events give rise to store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Besides the main pathway underlying SOCE, which mainly involves Orai1 and TRPC1 activation, STIM1 modulates many other plasma membrane proteins in order to potentiate the influxof Ca2+. Furthermore, it is now clear that STIM1 may inhibit Ca2+ currents mediated by L-type Ca2+ channels. Interestingly, STIM1 also interacts with some intracellular channels and transporters, including nuclear and lysosomal ionic proteins, thus orchestrating organellar Ca2+ homeostasis. STIM1 and its partners/effectors are significantly modulated in diverse acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions. This highlights the importance of further disclosing their cellular functions as they might represent promising molecular targets for neuroprotection.
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Arango D, Bittar A, Esmeral NP, Ocasión C, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC, Reyes LH, Bloch NI. Understanding the Potential of Genome Editing in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9241. [PMID: 34502143 PMCID: PMC8430539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR is a simple and cost-efficient gene-editing technique that has become increasingly popular over the last decades. Various CRISPR/Cas-based applications have been developed to introduce changes in the genome and alter gene expression in diverse systems and tissues. These novel gene-editing techniques are particularly promising for investigating and treating neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, for which we currently lack efficient disease-modifying treatment options. Gene therapy could thus provide treatment alternatives, revolutionizing our ability to treat this disease. Here, we review our current knowledge on the genetic basis of Parkinson's disease to highlight the main biological pathways that become disrupted in Parkinson's disease and their potential as gene therapy targets. Next, we perform a comprehensive review of novel delivery vehicles available for gene-editing applications, critical for their successful application in both innovative research and potential therapies. Finally, we review the latest developments in CRISPR-based applications and gene therapies to understand and treat Parkinson's disease. We carefully examine their advantages and shortcomings for diverse gene-editing applications in the brain, highlighting promising avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Arango
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Amaury Bittar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Natalia P. Esmeral
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Camila Ocasión
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.O.); (L.H.R.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.O.); (L.H.R.)
| | - Natasha I. Bloch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
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22
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Tegeder I, Kögel D. When lipid homeostasis runs havoc: Lipotoxicity links lysosomal dysfunction to autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:99-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Valek L, Tran B, Wilken-Schmitz A, Trautmann S, Heidler J, Schmid T, Brüne B, Thomas D, Deller T, Geisslinger G, Auburger G, Tegeder I. Prodromal sensory neuropathy in Pink1 -/- SNCA A53T double mutant Parkinson mice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:1060-1079. [PMID: 33974284 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequently associated with a prodromal sensory neuropathy manifesting with sensory loss and chronic pain. We have recently shown that PD-associated sensory neuropathy in patients is associated with high levels of glucosylceramides. Here, we assessed the underlying pathology and mechanisms in Pink1-/- SNCAA53T double mutant mice. METHODS We studied nociceptive and olfactory behaviour and the neuropathology of dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), including ultrastructure, mitochondrial respiration, transcriptomes, outgrowth and calcium currents of primary neurons, and tissue ceramides and sphingolipids before the onset of a PD-like disease that spontaneously develops in Pink1-/- SNCAA53T double mutant mice beyond 15 months of age. RESULTS Similar to PD patients, Pink1-/- SNCAA53T mice developed a progressive prodromal sensory neuropathy with a loss of thermal sensitivity starting as early as 4 months of age. In analogy to human plasma, lipid analyses revealed an accumulation of glucosylceramides (GlcCer) in the DRGs and sciatic nerves, which was associated with pathological mitochondria, impairment of mitochondrial respiration, and deregulation of transient receptor potential channels (TRPV and TRPA) at mRNA, protein and functional levels in DRGs. Direct exposure of DRG neurons to GlcCer caused transient hyperexcitability, followed by a premature decline of the viability of sensory neurons cultures upon repeated GlcCer application. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that pathological GlcCer contribute to prodromal sensory disease in PD mice via mitochondrial damage and calcium channel hyperexcitability. GlcCer-associated sensory neuron pathology might be amenable to GlcCer lowering therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Valek
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bao Tran
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annett Wilken-Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juliana Heidler
- Functional Proteomics Group, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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24
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Ermini L, Farrell A, Alahari S, Ausman J, Park C, Sallais J, Melland-Smith M, Porter T, Edson M, Nevo O, Litvack M, Post M, Caniggia I. Ceramide-Induced Lysosomal Biogenesis and Exocytosis in Early-Onset Preeclampsia Promotes Exosomal Release of SMPD1 Causing Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652651. [PMID: 34017832 PMCID: PMC8130675 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant ceramide build-up in preeclampsia, a serious disorder of pregnancy, causes exuberant autophagy-mediated trophoblast cell death. The significance of ceramide accumulation for lysosomal biogenesis in preeclampsia is unknown. Here we report that lysosome formation is markedly increased in trophoblast cells of early-onset preeclamptic placentae, in particular in syncytiotrophoblasts. This is accompanied by augmented levels of transcription factor EB (TFEB). In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that ceramide increases TFEB expression and nuclear translocation and induces lysosomal formation and exocytosis. Further, we show that TFEB directly regulates the expression of lysosomal sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (L-SMPD1) that degrades sphingomyelin to ceramide. In early-onset preeclampsia, ceramide-induced lysosomal exocytosis carries L-SMPD1 to the apical membrane of the syncytial epithelium, resulting in ceramide accumulation in lipid rafts and release of active L-SMPD1 via ceramide-enriched exosomes into the maternal circulation. The SMPD1-containing exosomes promote endothelial activation and impair endothelial tubule formation in vitro. Both exosome-induced processes are attenuated by SMPD1 inhibitors. These findings suggest that ceramide-induced lysosomal biogenesis and exocytosis in preeclamptic placentae contributes to maternal endothelial dysfunction, characteristic of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ermini
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abby Farrell
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sruthi Alahari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Ausman
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chanho Park
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julien Sallais
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Melland-Smith
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler Porter
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Edson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ori Nevo
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Litvack
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Post
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabella Caniggia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Sawangareetrakul P, Ngiwsara L, Champattanachai V, Chokchaichamnankit D, Saharat K, Ketudat Cairns JR, Srisomsap C, Khwanraj K, Dharmasaroja P, Pulkes T, Svasti J. Aberrant proteins expressed in skin fibroblasts of Parkinson's disease patients carrying heterozygous variants of glucocerebrosidase and parkin genes. Biomed Rep 2021; 14:36. [PMID: 33732455 PMCID: PMC7907964 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, and its development is associated with environmental and genetic factors. Genetic variants in GBA and PARK2 are important risk factors implicated in the development of PD; however, their precise roles have yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to identify and analyse proteins from the skin fibroblasts of patients with PD carrying heterozygous GBA and PARK2 variants, and from healthy controls. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and label-free quantitative proteomics were performed to identify and compare differential protein expression levels. Moreover, protein-protein interaction networks were assessed using Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes analysis. Using these proteomic approaches, 122 and 119 differentially expressed proteins from skin fibroblasts of patients with PD carrying heterozygous GBA and PARK2 variants, respectively, were identified and compared. According to the results of protein-protein interaction and Gene Ontology analyses, 14 proteins involved in the negative regulation of macromolecules and mRNA metabolic processes, and protein targeting to the membrane exhibited the largest degree of differential expression in the fibroblasts of patients with PD with a GBA variant, whereas 20 proteins involved in the regulation of biological quality, NAD metabolic process and cytoskeletal organization exhibited the largest degree of differential expression in the fibroblasts of patients with PD with a PARK2 variant. Among these, the expression levels of annexin A2 and tubulin β chain, were most strongly upregulated in the fibroblasts of patients with GBA-PD and PARK2-PD, respectively. Other predominantly expressed proteins were confirmed by western blotting, and the results were consistent with those of the quantitative proteomic analysis. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that the proteomic patterns of fibroblasts of patients with PD carrying heterozygous GBA and PARK2 variants are different and unique. Aberrant expression of the proteins affected by these variants may reflect physiological changes that also occur in neurons, resulting in PD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukana Ngiwsara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | | | - Kittirat Saharat
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Chantragan Srisomsap
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kawinthra Khwanraj
- Faculty of Science, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Permphan Dharmasaroja
- Faculty of Science, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Teeratorn Pulkes
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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26
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Yuan Y, Kilpatrick BS, Gerndt S, Bracher F, Grimm C, Schapira AH, Patel S. The lysosomotrope GPN mobilises Ca 2+ from acidic organelles. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.256578. [PMID: 33602742 PMCID: PMC7972315 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic Ca2+ stores often mobilised in conjunction with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores. Glycyl-L-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide (GPN) is a widely used lysosomotropic agent that evokes cytosolic Ca2+ signals in many cells. However, whether these signals are the result of a primary action on lysosomes is unclear in light of recent evidence showing that GPN mediates direct ER Ca2+ release through changes in cytosolic pH. Here, we show that GPN evoked rapid increases in cytosolic pH but slower Ca2+ signals. NH4Cl evoked comparable changes in pH but failed to affect Ca2+. The V-type ATPase inhibitor, bafilomycin A1, increased lysosomal pH over a period of hours. Acute treatment modestly affected lysosomal pH and potentiated Ca2+ signals evoked by GPN. In contrast, chronic treatment led to more profound changes in luminal pH and selectively inhibited GPN action. GPN blocked Ca2+ responses evoked by the novel nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate-like agonist, TPC2-A1-N. Therefore, GPN-evoked Ca2+ signals were better correlated with associated pH changes in the lysosome compared to the cytosol, and were coupled to lysosomal Ca2+ release. We conclude that Ca2+ signals evoked by GPN most likely derive from acidic organelles. Summary: Methods of releasing calcium from lysosomes are limited but characterization of the effects of GPN in primary cultured human fibroblasts confirmed that it probably targets acidic organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Susanne Gerndt
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Anthony H Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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27
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Proteomic Profiling of Fibroblasts Isolated from Chronic Wounds Identifies Disease-Relevant Signaling Pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2280-2290.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Sun Y, Nascimento Da Conceicao V, Ahamad N, Madesh M, Singh BB. Spatial localization of SOCE channels and its modulators regulate neuronal physiology and contributes to pathology. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Patel S, Malmberg KJ. Preventing a shock to the system. Two-pore channel 1 negatively regulates anaphylaxis. Cell Calcium 2020; 92:102289. [PMID: 33027744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian two-pore channels TPC1 and TPC2 are patho-physiologically relevant endo-lysosomal cation channels regulated by the Ca2+ mobilising messenger NAADP and the phosphoinositide PI(3,5)P2. Recent work by Arlt et al shows that genetic or chemical inhibition of TPC1 in mice promotes anaphylaxis in vivo through a mechanism involving enhanced endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and secretion in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Sun L, Wei H. Ryanodine Receptors: A Potential Treatment Target in Various Neurodegenerative Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1613-1624. [PMID: 32833122 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progressive neuronal demise is a key contributor to the key pathogenic event implicated in many different neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). There are several therapeutic strategies available; however, none of them are particularly effective. Targeted neuroprotective therapy is one such therapy, which seems a compelling option, yet remains challenging due to the internal heterogeneity of the mechanisms underlying various NDDs. An alternative method to treat NDDs is to exploit common modalities involving molecularly distinct subtypes and thus develop specialized drugs with broad-spectrum characteristics. There is mounting evidence which supports for the theory that dysfunctional ryanodine receptors (RyRs) disrupt intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, contributing to NDDs significantly. This review aims to provide direct and indirect evidence on the intersection of NDDs and RyRs malfunction, and to shed light on novel strategies to treat RyRs-mediated disease, modifying pharmacological therapies such as the potential therapeutic role of dantrolene, a RyRs antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 305 John Morgan Building, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Huafeng Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 305 John Morgan Building, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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31
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Blumenreich S, Barav OB, Jenkins BJ, Futerman AH. Lysosomal Storage Disorders Shed Light on Lysosomal Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144966. [PMID: 32674335 PMCID: PMC7404170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosome is a central player in the cell, acting as a clearing house for macromolecular degradation, but also plays a critical role in a variety of additional metabolic and regulatory processes. The lysosome has recently attracted the attention of neurobiologists and neurologists since a number of neurological diseases involve a lysosomal component. Among these is Parkinson’s disease (PD). While heterozygous and homozygous mutations in GBA1 are the highest genetic risk factor for PD, studies performed over the past decade have suggested that lysosomal loss of function is likely involved in PD pathology, since a significant percent of PD patients have a mutation in one or more genes that cause a lysosomal storage disease (LSD). Although the mechanistic connection between the lysosome and PD remains somewhat enigmatic, significant evidence is accumulating that lysosomal dysfunction plays a central role in PD pathophysiology. Thus, lysosomal dysfunction, resulting from mutations in lysosomal genes, may enhance the accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain, which may result in the earlier development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Blumenreich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (S.B.); (O.B.B.); (B.J.J.)
| | - Or B. Barav
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (S.B.); (O.B.B.); (B.J.J.)
| | - Bethan J. Jenkins
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (S.B.); (O.B.B.); (B.J.J.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Anthony H. Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (S.B.); (O.B.B.); (B.J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8-9342704; Fax: +972-8-9344112
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32
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Zilocchi M, Colugnat I, Lualdi M, Meduri M, Marini F, Corasolla Carregari V, Moutaoufik MT, Phanse S, Pieroni L, Babu M, Garavaglia B, Fasano M, Alberio T. Exploring the Impact of PARK2 Mutations on the Total and Mitochondrial Proteome of Human Skin Fibroblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:423. [PMID: 32596240 PMCID: PMC7300190 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PARK2 gene are the most frequent cause of familial forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This gene encodes Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in several cellular mechanisms, including mitophagy. Parkin loss-of-function is responsible for the cellular accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which in turn determines an increment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lower ATP production, and apoptosis activation. Given the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy impairment in PD pathogenesis, the aim of the present study was to investigate both total and mitochondrial proteome alterations in human skin fibroblasts of PARK2-mutated patients. To this end, both total and mitochondria-enriched protein fractions from fibroblasts of five PARK2-mutated patients and five control subjects were analyzed by quantitative shotgun proteomics to identify proteins specifically altered by Parkin mutations (mass spectrometry proteomics data have been submitted to ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD015880). Both the network-based and gene set enrichment analyses pointed out pathways in which Rab GTPase proteins are involved. To have a more comprehensive view of the mitochondrial alterations due to PARK2 mutations, we investigated the impact of Parkin loss on mitochondrial function and network morphology. We unveiled that the mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced in PARK2-mutated patients, without inducing PINK1 accumulation, even when triggered with the ionophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Lastly, the analysis of the mitochondrial network morphology did not reveal any significant alterations in PARK2-mutated patients compared to control subjects. Thus, our results suggested that the network morphology was not influenced by the mitochondrial depolarization and by the lack of Parkin, revealing a possible impairment of fission and, more in general, of mitochondrial dynamics. In conclusion, the present work highlighted new molecular factors and pathways altered by PARK2 mutations, which will unravel possible biochemical pathways altered in the sporadic form of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Zilocchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Ilaria Colugnat
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Marta Lualdi
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Monica Meduri
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Federica Marini
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mohamed Taha Moutaoufik
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Sadhna Phanse
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | | | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Unità di Genetica Medica e Neurogenetica, Fondazione IRRCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
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33
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Lloyd-Evans E, Waller-Evans H. Lysosomal Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Signaling in Health and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035311. [PMID: 31653642 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is an essential process in all cells that is maintained by a plethora of channels, pumps, transporters, receptors, and intracellular Ca2+ sequestering stores. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration govern processes as far reaching as fertilization, cell growth, and motility through to cell death. In recent years, lysosomes have emerged as a major intracellular Ca2+ storage organelle with an increasing involvement in triggering or regulating cellular functions such as endocytosis, autophagy, and Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. This review will summarize recent work in the area of lysosomal Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis, including newly identified functions, and the involvement of lysosome-derived Ca2+ signals in human disease. In addition, we explore recent controversies in the techniques used for measurement of lysosomal Ca2+ content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Waller-Evans
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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Korecka JA, Thomas R, Christensen DP, Hinrich AJ, Ferrari EJ, Levy SA, Hastings ML, Hallett PJ, Isacson O. Mitochondrial clearance and maturation of autophagosomes are compromised in LRRK2 G2019S familial Parkinson's disease patient fibroblasts. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3232-3243. [PMID: 31261377 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study utilized human fibroblasts as a preclinical discovery and diagnostic platform for identification of cell biological signatures specific for the LRRK2 G2019S mutation producing Parkinson's disease (PD). Using live cell imaging with a pH-sensitive Rosella biosensor probe reflecting lysosomal breakdown of mitochondria, mitophagy rates were found to be decreased in fibroblasts carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation compared to cells isolated from healthy subject (HS) controls. The mutant LRRK2 increased kinase activity was reduced by pharmacological inhibition and targeted antisense oligonucleotide treatment, which normalized mitophagy rates in the G2019S cells and also increased mitophagy levels in HS cells. Detailed mechanistic analysis showed a reduction of mature autophagosomes in LRRK2 G2019S fibroblasts, which was rescued by LRRK2 specific kinase inhibition. These findings demonstrate an important role for LRRK2 protein in regulation of mitochondrial clearance by the lysosomes, which is hampered in PD with the G2019S mutation. The current results are relevant for cell phenotypic diagnostic approaches and potentially for stratification of PD patients for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Korecka
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ria Thomas
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Dan P Christensen
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Anthony J Hinrich
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Eliza J Ferrari
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Simon A Levy
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Michelle L Hastings
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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Johnson PH, Weinreb NJ, Cloyd JC, Tuite PJ, Kartha RV. GBA1 mutations: Prospects for exosomal biomarkers in α-synuclein pathologies. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 129:35-46. [PMID: 31761523 PMCID: PMC7002237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that patients with Gaucher Disease (GD), a rare lysosomal storage disorder, were developing symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease (PD) led to investigation of the relationship between the two seemingly unrelated pathologies. GD, an autosomal recessive disorder, is the result of a biallelic mutation in the gene GBA1, which encodes for the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Since the observation of its relation to PD, GBA1 mutations have become recognized as the most common genetic risk factor for development of synucleinopathies such as PD and dementia with Lewy bodies. Although the exact mechanism by which GBA1 mutations promote PD is unknown, current understanding suggests that impaired GCase inhibits lysosomal activity and decreases the overall ability of the cell to degrade proteins, specifically the neuronal protein α-synuclein. Decreased elimination of α-synuclein can lead to its abnormal accumulation and aggregation, an important component of PD development. Further understanding of how decreased GCase activity increases risk for α-synuclein pathology can assist with the development of clinical biomarkers for early detection of synucleinopathies, as well as promote novel treatments tailored for people with a GBA1 mutation. Historically, α-synuclein has not been a reliable biomarker for PD. However, recent research on α-synuclein content within exosomes, which are small vesicles released by cells that carry specific cellular cargo, has yielded encouraging results. Moreover, decreased GCase activity has been shown to influence exosomal contents. Exosomes have emerged as a promising new avenue for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets aimed at improving neuronal GCase function and limiting the development of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker H Johnson
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Neal J Weinreb
- Department of Human Genetics and Medicine (Hematology), Leonard Miller School of Medicine of University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - James C Cloyd
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Paul J Tuite
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Reena V Kartha
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
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Childers W, Fan R, Martinez R, Colussi DJ, Melenski E, Liu Y, Gordon J, Abou-Gharbia M, Jacobson MA. Novel compounds that reverse the disease phenotype in Type 2 Gaucher disease patient-derived cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126806. [PMID: 31757667 PMCID: PMC7569734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) results from inherited mutations in the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerobrosidase (GCase). Currently available treatment options for Type 1 GD are not efficacious for treating neuronopathic Type 2 and 3 GD due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In an effort to identify small molecules which could be optimized for CNS penetration we identified tamoxifen from a high throughput phenotypic screen on Type 2 GD patient-derived fibroblasts which reversed the disease phenotype. Structure activity studies around this scaffold led to novel molecules that displayed improved potency, efficacy and reduced estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity compared to the original hits. Here we present the design, synthesis and structure activity relationships that led to the lead molecule Compound 31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Childers
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Rong Fan
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Rogelio Martinez
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Dennis J Colussi
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Edward Melenski
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - John Gordon
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Magid Abou-Gharbia
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marlene A Jacobson
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Morgan AJ, Yuan Y, Patel S, Galione A. Does lysosomal rupture evoke Ca 2+ release? A question of pores and stores. Cell Calcium 2019; 86:102139. [PMID: 31881482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomotropic agents have been used to permeabilize lysosomes and thereby implicate these organelles in diverse cellular processes. Since lysosomes are Ca2+ stores, this rupturing action, particularly that induced by GPN, has also been used to rapidly release Ca2+ from lysosomes. However, a recent study has questioned the mechanism of action of GPN and concluded that, acutely, it does not permeabilize lysosomes but releases Ca2+ directly from the ER instead. We therefore appraise these provocative findings in the context of the existing literature. We suggest that further work is required to unequivocally rule out lysosomes as contributors to GPN-evoked Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom.
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
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38
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Benkert J, Hess S, Roy S, Beccano-Kelly D, Wiederspohn N, Duda J, Simons C, Patil K, Gaifullina A, Mannal N, Dragicevic E, Spaich D, Müller S, Nemeth J, Hollmann H, Deuter N, Mousba Y, Kubisch C, Poetschke C, Striessnig J, Pongs O, Schneider T, Wade-Martins R, Patel S, Parlato R, Frank T, Kloppenburg P, Liss B. Cav2.3 channels contribute to dopaminergic neuron loss in a model of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5094. [PMID: 31704946 PMCID: PMC6841684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra causes the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The mechanisms underlying this age-dependent and region-selective neurodegeneration remain unclear. Here we identify Cav2.3 channels as regulators of nigral neuronal viability. Cav2.3 transcripts were more abundant than other voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in mouse nigral neurons and upregulated during aging. Plasmalemmal Cav2.3 protein was higher than in dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area, which do not degenerate in Parkinson's disease. Cav2.3 knockout reduced activity-associated nigral somatic Ca2+ signals and Ca2+-dependent after-hyperpolarizations, and afforded full protection from degeneration in vivo in a neurotoxin Parkinson's mouse model. Cav2.3 deficiency upregulated transcripts for NCS-1, a Ca2+-binding protein implicated in neuroprotection. Conversely, NCS-1 knockout exacerbated nigral neurodegeneration and downregulated Cav2.3. Moreover, NCS-1 levels were reduced in a human iPSC-model of familial Parkinson's. Thus, Cav2.3 and NCS-1 may constitute potential therapeutic targets for combatting Ca2+-dependent neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Benkert
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Hess
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shoumik Roy
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dayne Beccano-Kelly
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Johanna Duda
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten Simons
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Komal Patil
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Nadja Mannal
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elena Dragicevic
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Desirée Spaich
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sonja Müller
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Nemeth
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Helene Hollmann
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nora Deuter
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yassine Mousba
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Joerg Striessnig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olaf Pongs
- Institute of Physiology, CIPMM, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Toni Schneider
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Rosanna Parlato
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Frank
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
- New College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Yang SY, Gegg M, Chau D, Schapira A. Glucocerebrosidase activity, cathepsin D and monomeric α-synuclein interactions in a stem cell derived neuronal model of a PD associated GBA1 mutation. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104620. [PMID: 31634558 PMCID: PMC6983928 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of GBA1 gene mutations increases risk for Parkinson's disease (PD), but the pathogenic mechanisms of GBA1 associated PD remain unknown. Given that impaired α-synuclein turnover is a hallmark of PD pathogenesis and cathepsin D is a key enzyme involved in α-synuclein degradation in neuronal cells, we have examined the relationship of glucocerebrosidase (GCase), cathepsin D and monomeric α-synuclein in human neural crest stem cell derived dopaminergic neurons. We found that normal activity of GCase is necessary for cathepsin D to perform its function of monomeric α-synuclein removal from neurons. GBA1 mutations lead to a lower level of cathepsin D protein and activity, and higher level of monomeric α-synuclein in neurons. When GBA1 mutant neurons were treated with GCase replacement or chaperone therapy; cathepsin D protein levels and activity were restored, and monomeric α-synuclein decreased. When cathepsin D was inhibited, GCase replacement failed to reduce monomeric α-synuclein levels in GBA1 mutant neurons. These data indicate that GBA1 gene mutations increase monomeric α-synuclein levels via an effect on lysosomal cathepsin D in neurons. Cathepsin D protein and activity decreased in GBA mutation-associated PD neurons. α-synuclein protein level increased in GBA mutation-associated PD neurons. GBA enzyme replacement treatment increased cathepsin D, decreased α-synuclein levels. GBA enzyme chaperone treatment increased cathepsin D, decreased α-synuclein levels. The influence of GBA enzyme replacement on α-synuclein mediated through cathepsin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Yang
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Matthew Gegg
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - David Chau
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anthony Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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Calcium Dyshomeostasis and Lysosomal Ca 2+ Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101216. [PMID: 31597311 PMCID: PMC6829585 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings in the understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) revealed that alteration in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis may largely contribute to motor neuron demise. A large part of these alterations is due to dysfunctional Ca2+-storing organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Very recently, lysosomal Ca2+ dysfunction has emerged as an important pathological change leading to neuronal loss in ALS. Remarkably, the Ca2+-storing organelles are interacting with each other at specialized domains controlling mitochondrial dynamics, ER/lysosomal function, and autophagy. This occurs as a result of interaction between specific ionic channels and Ca2+-dependent proteins located in each structure. Therefore, the dysregulation of these ionic mechanisms could be considered as a key element in the neurodegenerative process. This review will focus on the possible role of lysosomal Ca2+ dysfunction in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS and shed light on the possibility that specific lysosomal Ca2+ channels might represent new promising targets for preventing or at least delaying neurodegeneration in ALS.
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Krogsaeter EK, Biel M, Wahl-Schott C, Grimm C. The protein interaction networks of mucolipins and two-pore channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1111-1123. [PMID: 30395881 PMCID: PMC7111325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endolysosomal, non-selective cation channels, two-pore channels (TPCs) and mucolipins (TRPMLs), regulate intracellular membrane dynamics and autophagy. While partially compensatory for each other, isoform-specific intracellular distribution, cell-type expression patterns, and regulatory mechanisms suggest different channel isoforms confer distinct properties to the cell. SCOPE OF REVIEW Briefly, established TPC/TRPML functions and interaction partners ('interactomes') are discussed. Novel TRPML3 interactors are shown, and a meta-analysis of experimentally obtained channel interactomes conducted. Accordingly, interactomes are compared and contrasted, and subsequently described in detail for TPC1, TPC2, TRPML1, and TRPML3. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS TPC interactomes are well-defined, encompassing intracellular membrane organisation proteins. TRPML interactomes are varied, encompassing cardiac contractility- and chaperone-mediated autophagy proteins, alongside regulators of intercellular signalling. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Comprising recently proposed targets to treat cancers, infections, metabolic disease and neurodegeneration, the advancement of TPC/TRPML understanding is of considerable importance. This review proposes novel directions elucidating TPC/TRPML relevance in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: ECS Meeting edited by Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs and Jacques Haiech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar K Krogsaeter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Munich (LMU) Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Christian Wahl-Schott
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Neurophysiology, OE 4230, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Munich (LMU) Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich.
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42
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Insights into GBA Parkinson's disease pathology and therapy with induced pluripotent stem cell model systems. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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43
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Patel S. Getting close. Lysosome-ER contact sites tailor Ca2+ signals. Cell Calcium 2019; 80:194-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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44
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Mitochondrial calcium dysfunction contributes to autophagic cell death induced by MPP+ via AMPK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:390-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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45
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Korecka JA, Talbot S, Osborn TM, de Leeuw SM, Levy SA, Ferrari EJ, Moskites A, Atkinson E, Jodelka FM, Hinrich AJ, Hastings ML, Woolf CJ, Hallett PJ, Isacson O. Neurite Collapse and Altered ER Ca 2+ Control in Human Parkinson Disease Patient iPSC-Derived Neurons with LRRK2 G2019S Mutation. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 12:29-41. [PMID: 30595548 PMCID: PMC6335600 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Parkinson disease (PD) genetic LRRK2 gain-of-function mutations may relate to the ER pathological changes seen in PD patients at postmortem. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons with the PD pathogenic LRRK2 G2019S mutation exhibited neurite collapse when challenged with the ER Ca2+ influx sarco/ER Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin (THP). Baseline ER Ca2+ levels measured with the ER Ca2+ indicator CEPIA-ER were lower in LRRK2 G2019S human neurons, including in differentiated midbrain dopamine neurons in vitro. After THP challenge, PD patient-derived neurons displayed increased Ca2+ influx and decreased intracellular Ca2+ buffering upon membrane depolarization. These effects were reversed following LRRK2 mutation correction by antisense oligonucleotides and gene editing. Gene expression analysis in LRRK2 G2019S neurons identified modified levels of key store-operated Ca2+ entry regulators, with no alterations in ER Ca2+ efflux. These results demonstrate PD gene mutation LRRK2 G2019S ER calcium-dependent pathogenic effects in human neurons. Parkinson-linked LRRK2 G2019S induces neurite collapse upon ER Ca2+ influx block LRRK2 G2019S mutation alters Ca2+ uptake and buffering upon ER Ca2+ influx block The LRRK2 G2019S mutation decreases basal ER Ca2+ levels in human iPSC neurons The LRRK2 G2019S mutation modifies gene expression of key SOCE regulators
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Korecka
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Teresia M Osborn
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Sherida M de Leeuw
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Simon A Levy
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Eliza J Ferrari
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Alyssa Moskites
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Elise Atkinson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Francine M Jodelka
- Center for Genetics Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Anthony J Hinrich
- Center for Genetics Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Michelle L Hastings
- Center for Genetics Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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46
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O'Hara DM, Kalia SK, Kalia LV. Emerging disease-modifying strategies targeting α-synuclein for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3080-3089. [PMID: 29722028 PMCID: PMC6031880 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. It arises as a result of neuronal cell death in specific brain regions, notably the substantia nigra pars compacta, and is characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein in these brain regions. Current pharmacological therapies alleviate the motor symptoms of the disease and are particularly effective in the early stages of the disease. Ongoing drug development efforts focus on disease-modifying strategies that aim to halt or slow disease progression. In this review, we explore a number of emerging disease-modifying strategies with a focus on direct and indirect targeting of α-synuclein dysfunction. We summarize newer classes of small molecules and biological agents intended to attenuate protein aggregation or to target enzymes that may increase the degradation of the pathogenic forms of α-synuclein. Finally, we discuss emerging strategies that are demonstrating the potential for disease modification at the preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M O'Hara
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Lorraine V Kalia
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
- Division of Neurology, Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
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47
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Larsen SB, Hanss Z, Krüger R. The genetic architecture of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:21-37. [PMID: 29372317 PMCID: PMC6015629 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment is a well-established pathological pathway implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). Defects of the complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain have been found in post-mortem brains from sporadic PD patients. Furthermore, several disease-related genes are linked to mitochondrial pathways, such as PRKN, PINK1, DJ-1 and HTRA2 and are associated with mitochondrial impairment. This phenotype can be caused by the dysfunction of mitochondrial quality control machinery at different levels: molecular, organellar or cellular. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response represents the molecular level and implicates various chaperones and proteases. If the molecular level of quality control is not sufficient, the organellar level is required and involves mitophagy and mitochondrial-derived vesicles to sequester whole dysfunctional organelle or parts of it. Only when the impairment is too severe, does it lead to cell death via apoptosis, which defines the cellular level of quality control. Here, we review how currently known PD-linked genetic variants interfere with different levels of mitochondrial quality control. We discuss the graded risk concept of the most recently identified PARK loci (PARK 17-23) and some susceptibility variants in GBA, LRRK2 and SNCA. Finally, the emerging concept of rare genetic variants in candidates genes for PD, such as HSPA9, TRAP1 and RHOT1, complete the picture of the complex genetic architecture of PD that will direct future precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Larsen
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Z Hanss
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - R Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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48
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Two-pore channels and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1678-1686. [PMID: 29746898 PMCID: PMC6162333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two-pore channels (TPCs) are Ca2+-permeable endo-lysosomal ion channels subject to multi-modal regulation. They mediate their physiological effects through releasing Ca2+ from acidic organelles in response to cues such as the second messenger, NAADP. Here, we review emerging evidence linking TPCs to disease. We discuss how perturbing both local and global Ca2+ changes mediated by TPCs through chemical and/or molecular manipulations can induce or reverse disease phenotypes. We cover evidence from models of Parkinson's disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Ebola infection, cancer, cardiac dysfunction and diabetes. A need for more drugs targeting TPCs is identified.
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49
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Zeng XS, Geng WS, Jia JJ, Chen L, Zhang PP. Cellular and Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:109. [PMID: 29719505 PMCID: PMC5913322 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been 200 years since Parkinson disease (PD) was described by Dr. Parkinson in 1817. The disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although the pathogenesis of PD is still unknown, the research findings from scientists are conducive to understand the pathological mechanisms. It is well accepted that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset of PD. In this review, we summarize the mutations of main seven genes (α-synuclein, LRRK2, PINK1, Parkin, DJ-1, VPS35 and GBA1) linked to PD, discuss the potential mechanisms for the loss of dopaminergic neurons (dopamine metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impaired autophagy, and deregulation of immunity) in PD, and expect the development direction for treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Si Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Wen-Shuo Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jin-Jing Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Peng-Peng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
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50
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Abstract
Cells utilize calcium ions (Ca2+) to signal almost all aspects of cellular life, ranging from cell proliferation to cell death, in a spatially and temporally regulated manner. A key aspect of this regulation is the compartmentalization of Ca2+ in various cytoplasmic organelles that act as intracellular Ca2+ stores. Whereas Ca2+ release from the large-volume Ca2+ stores, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus, are preferred for signal transduction, Ca2+ release from the small-volume individual vesicular stores that are dispersed throughout the cell, such as lysosomes, may be more useful in local regulation, such as membrane fusion and individualized vesicular movements. Conceivably, these two types of Ca2+ stores may be established, maintained or refilled via distinct mechanisms. ER stores are refilled through sustained Ca2+ influx at ER-plasma membrane (PM) membrane contact sites (MCSs). In this review, we discuss the release and refilling mechanisms of intracellular small vesicular Ca2+ stores, with a special focus on lysosomes. Recent imaging studies of Ca2+ release and organelle MCSs suggest that Ca2+ exchange may occur between two types of stores, such that the small stores acquire Ca2+ from the large stores via ER-vesicle MCSs. Hence vesicular stores like lysosomes may be viewed as secondary Ca2+ stores in the cell.
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