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James J, Coelho A, Lahore GF, Hernandez CM, Forster F, Malissen B, Holmdahl R. Redox Regulation of LAT Enhances T Cell-Mediated Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:499. [PMID: 38671946 PMCID: PMC11047684 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The positional cloning of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (Ncf1) gene, advocating that a low oxidative burst drives autoimmune disease, demands an understanding of the underlying molecular causes. A cellular target could be T cells, which have been shown to be regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the pathways by which ROS mediate T cell signaling remain unclear. The adaptor molecule linker for activation of T cells (LAT) is essential for coupling T cell receptor-mediated antigen recognition to downstream responses, and it contains several cysteine residues that have previously been suggested to be involved in redox regulation. To address the possibility that ROS regulate T cell-dependent inflammation through LAT, we established a mouse strain with cysteine-to-serine mutations at positions 120 and 172 (LATSS). We found that redox regulation of LAT through C120 and C172 mediate its localization and phosphorylation. LATSS mice had reduced numbers of double-positive thymocytes and naïve peripheral T cells. Importantly, redox insensitivity of LAT enhanced T cell-dependent autoimmune inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This effect was reversed on an NCF1-mutated (NCF1m1j), ROS-deficient, background. Overall, our data show that LAT is redox-regulated, acts to repress T cell activation, and is targeted by ROS induced by NCF1 in antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime James
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.J.); (A.C.); (G.F.L.); (C.M.H.); (F.F.)
| | - Ana Coelho
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.J.); (A.C.); (G.F.L.); (C.M.H.); (F.F.)
| | - Gonzalo Fernandez Lahore
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.J.); (A.C.); (G.F.L.); (C.M.H.); (F.F.)
| | - Clara M. Hernandez
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.J.); (A.C.); (G.F.L.); (C.M.H.); (F.F.)
| | - Florian Forster
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.J.); (A.C.); (G.F.L.); (C.M.H.); (F.F.)
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d’Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.J.); (A.C.); (G.F.L.); (C.M.H.); (F.F.)
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2
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Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Catapano A, Cavaliere G, Mollica MP. Mitochondria: the gatekeepers between metabolism and immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334006. [PMID: 38464536 PMCID: PMC10920337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and immunity are crucial monitors of the whole-body homeodynamics. All cells require energy to perform their basic functions. One of the most important metabolic skills of the cell is the ability to optimally adapt metabolism according to demand or availability, known as metabolic flexibility. The immune cells, first line of host defense that circulate in the body and migrate between tissues, need to function also in environments in which nutrients are not always available. The resilience of immune cells consists precisely in their high adaptive capacity, a challenge that arises especially in the framework of sustained immune responses. Pubmed and Scopus databases were consulted to construct the extensive background explored in this review, from the Kennedy and Lehninger studies on mitochondrial biochemistry of the 1950s to the most recent findings on immunometabolism. In detail, we first focus on how metabolic reconfiguration influences the action steps of the immune system and modulates immune cell fate and function. Then, we highlighted the evidence for considering mitochondria, besides conventional cellular energy suppliers, as the powerhouses of immunometabolism. Finally, we explored the main immunometabolic hubs in the organism emphasizing in them the reciprocal impact between metabolic and immune components in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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3
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Herb M. NADPH Oxidase 3: Beyond the Inner Ear. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:219. [PMID: 38397817 PMCID: PMC10886416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were formerly known as mere byproducts of metabolism with damaging effects on cellular structures. The discovery and description of NADPH oxidases (Nox) as a whole enzyme family that only produce this harmful group of molecules was surprising. After intensive research, seven Nox isoforms were discovered, described and extensively studied. Among them, the NADPH oxidase 3 is the perhaps most underrated Nox isoform, since it was firstly discovered in the inner ear. This stigma of Nox3 as "being only expressed in the inner ear" was also used by me several times. Therefore, the question arose whether this sentence is still valid or even usable. To this end, this review solely focuses on Nox3 and summarizes its discovery, the structural components, the activating and regulating factors, the expression in cells, tissues and organs, as well as the beneficial and detrimental effects of Nox3-mediated ROS production on body functions. Furthermore, the involvement of Nox3-derived ROS in diseases progression and, accordingly, as a potential target for disease treatment, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
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4
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Schaffer AM, Fiala GJ, Hils M, Natali E, Babrak L, Herr LA, Romero-Mulero MC, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Rizzi M, Miho E, Schamel WWA, Minguet S. Kidins220 regulates the development of B cells bearing the λ light chain. eLife 2024; 13:e83943. [PMID: 38271217 PMCID: PMC10810608 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The ratio between κ and λ light chain (LC)-expressing B cells varies considerably between species. We recently identified Kinase D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins220) as an interaction partner of the BCR. In vivo ablation of Kidins220 in B cells resulted in a marked reduction of λLC-expressing B cells. Kidins220 knockout B cells fail to open and recombine the genes of the Igl locus, even in genetic scenarios where the Igk genes cannot be rearranged or where the κLC confers autoreactivity. Igk gene recombination and expression in Kidins220-deficient B cells is normal. Kidins220 regulates the development of λLC B cells by enhancing the survival of developing B cells and thereby extending the time-window in which the Igl locus opens and the genes are rearranged and transcribed. Further, our data suggest that Kidins220 guarantees optimal pre-BCR and BCR signaling to induce Igl locus opening and gene recombination during B cell development and receptor editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Schaffer
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
| | - Gina Jasmin Fiala
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
| | - Miriam Hils
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Eriberto Natali
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW 15 University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern SwitzerlandMuttenzSwitzerland
| | - Lmar Babrak
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW 15 University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern SwitzerlandMuttenzSwitzerland
| | - Laurenz Alexander Herr
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
| | - Mari Carmen Romero-Mulero
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and EpigeneticsFreiburgGermany
| | - Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and EpigeneticsFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Enkelejda Miho
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW 15 University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern SwitzerlandMuttenzSwitzerland
- aiNET GmbHBaselSwitzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Wolfgang WA Schamel
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
| | - Susana Minguet
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
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5
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Bennett CF, Ronayne CT, Puigserver P. Targeting adaptive cellular responses to mitochondrial bioenergetic deficiencies in human disease. FEBS J 2022; 289:6969-6993. [PMID: 34510753 PMCID: PMC8917243 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly appreciated as a central contributor to human disease. Oxidative metabolism at the mitochondrial respiratory chain produces ATP and is intricately tied to redox homeostasis and biosynthetic pathways. Metabolic stress arising from genetic mutations in mitochondrial genes and environmental factors such as malnutrition or overnutrition is perceived by the cell and leads to adaptive and maladaptive responses that can underlie pathology. Here, we will outline cellular sensors that react to alterations in energy production, organellar redox, and metabolites stemming from mitochondrial disease (MD) mutations. MD is a heterogeneous group of disorders primarily defined by defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation from nuclear or mitochondrial-encoded gene mutations. Preclinical therapies that improve fitness of MD mouse models have been recently identified. Targeting metabolic/energetic deficiencies, maladaptive signaling processes, and hyper-oxygenation of tissues are all strategies aside from direct genetic approaches that hold therapeutic promise. A further mechanistic understanding of these curative processes as well as the identification of novel targets will significantly impact mitochondrial biology and disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Bennett
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Conor T Ronayne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Perbellini O, Cavallini C, Chignola R, Galasso M, Scupoli MT. Phospho-Specific Flow Cytometry Reveals Signaling Heterogeneity in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132072. [PMID: 35805156 PMCID: PMC9266179 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several signaling pathways are aberrantly activated in T-ALL due to genetic alterations of their components and in response to external microenvironmental cues. To functionally characterize elements of the signaling network in T-ALL, here we analyzed ten signaling proteins that are frequently altered in T-ALL -namely Akt, Erk1/2, JNK, Lck, NF-κB p65, p38, STAT3, STAT5, ZAP70, Rb- in Jurkat, CEM and MOLT4 cell lines, using phospho-specific flow cytometry. Phosphorylation statuses of signaling proteins were measured in the basal condition or under modulation with H2O2, PMA, CXCL12 or IL7. Signaling profiles are characterized by a high variability across the analyzed T-ALL cell lines. Hierarchical clustering analysis documents that higher intrinsic phosphorylation of Erk1/2, Lck, ZAP70, and Akt, together with ZAP70 phosphorylation induced by H2O2, identifies Jurkat cells. In contrast, CEM are characterized by higher intrinsic phosphorylation of JNK and Rb and higher responsiveness of Akt to external stimuli. MOLT4 cells are characterized by higher basal STAT3 phosphorylation. These data document that phospho-specific flow cytometry reveals a high variability in intrinsic as well as modulated signaling networks across different T-ALL cell lines. Characterizing signaling network profiles across individual leukemia could provide the basis to identify molecular targets for personalized T-ALL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Perbellini
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Viale Ferdinando Rodolfi, 37, 36100 Vicenza, Italy;
| | - Chiara Cavallini
- Research Center LURM, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Chignola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Marilisa Galasso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Maria T. Scupoli
- Research Center LURM, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-8128-425
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7
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Boothby MR, Brookens SK, Raybuck AL, Cho SH. Supplying the trip to antibody production-nutrients, signaling, and the programming of cellular metabolism in the mature B lineage. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:352-369. [PMID: 34782762 PMCID: PMC8591438 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID pandemic has refreshed and expanded recognition of the vital role that sustained antibody (Ab) secretion plays in our immune defenses against microbes and of the importance of vaccines that elicit Ab protection against infection. With this backdrop, it is especially timely to review aspects of the molecular programming that govern how the cells that secrete Abs arise, persist, and meet the challenge of secreting vast amounts of these glycoproteins. Whereas plasmablasts and plasma cells (PCs) are the primary sources of secreted Abs, the process leading to the existence of these cell types starts with naive B lymphocytes that proliferate and differentiate toward several potential fates. At each step, cells reside in specific microenvironments in which they not only receive signals from cytokines and other cell surface receptors but also draw on the interstitium for nutrients. Nutrients in turn influence flux through intermediary metabolism and sensor enzymes that regulate gene transcription, translation, and metabolism. This review will focus on nutrient supply and how sensor mechanisms influence distinct cellular stages that lead to PCs and their adaptations as factories dedicated to Ab secretion. Salient findings of this group and others, sometimes exhibiting differences, will be summarized with regard to the journey to a distinctive metabolic program in PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Boothby
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Shawna K Brookens
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ariel L Raybuck
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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8
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Zhong M, Sun A, Xiao T, Yao G, Sang L, Zheng X, Zhang J, Jin X, Xu L, Yang W, Wang P, Hu K, Zhang D, Ge J. A Randomized, Single-Blind, Group Sequential, Active-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of α-Lipoic Acid for Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:566609. [PMID: 35186959 PMCID: PMC8854372 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.566609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECT To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of α-Lipoic acid (ALA) for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS A randomized, single-blind, group sequential, active-controlled trial was performed at JinYinTan Hospital, Wuhan, China. Between February 2020 and March 2020, 17 patients with critically ill COVID-19 were enrolled in our study. Eligible patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either ALA (1200 mg/d, intravenous infusion) once daily plus standard care or standard care plus equal volume saline infusion (placebo) for 7 days. All patients were monitored within the 7 days therapy and followed up to day 30 after therapy. The primary outcome of this study was the Sequential Organ Failure Estimate (SOFA) score, and the secondary outcome was the all-cause mortality within 30 days. RESULT Nine patients were randomized to placebo group and 8 patients were randomized to ALA group. SOFA score was similar at baseline, increased from 4.3 to 6.0 in the placebo group and increased from 3.8 to 4.0 in the ALA group (P = 0.36) after 7 days. The 30-day all-cause mortality tended to be lower in the ALA group (3/8, 37.5%) compared to that in the placebo group (7/9, 77.8%, P = 0.09). CONCLUSION In our study, ALA use is associated with lower SOFA score increase and lower 30-day all-cause mortality as compared with the placebo group. Although the mortality rate was two-folds higher in placebo group than in ALA group, only borderline statistical difference was evidenced due to the limited patient number. Future studies with larger patient cohort are warranted to validate the role of ALA in critically ill patients with COVID-19. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=49534.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Wuhan JinYinTan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Intensive Care Unit of the Six Floor of South Building, Wuhan JinYinTan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ge Yao
- Intensive Care Unit of the Six Floor of South Building, Wuhan JinYinTan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Sang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, GuangZhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejuan Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Galasso M, Gambino S, Romanelli MG, Donadelli M, Scupoli MT. Browsing the oldest antioxidant enzyme: catalase and its multiple regulation in cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:264-272. [PMID: 34129927 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic organisms possess numerous antioxidant enzymatic families, including catalases, superoxide dismutases (SODs), peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), and glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), which work cooperatively to protect cells from an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from endogenous metabolism or external microenvironment. Catalase, as well as other antioxidant enzymes, plays an important dichotomous role in cancer. Therefore, therapies aimed at either reverting the increased or further escalating catalase levels could be effective, depending on the metabolic landscape and on the redox status of cancer cells. This dichotomous role of catalase in cancers highlights the importance to deepen comprehensively the role and the regulation of this crucial antioxidant enzyme. The present review highlights the role of catalase in cancer and provides a comprehensive description of the molecular mechanisms associated with the multiple levels of catalase regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilisa Galasso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Gambino
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Research Center LURM -Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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10
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Wang Q, Chang H, Shen Q, Li Y, Xing D. Photobiomodulation therapy for thrombocytopenia by upregulating thrombopoietin expression via the ROS-dependent Src/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2029-2043. [PMID: 33501731 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) can increase the risk of bleeding, which may delay or prevent the administration of anticancer treatment schedules. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), a non-invasive physical treatment, has been proposed to improve thrombocytopenia; however, its underlying regulatory mechanism is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To further investigate the mechanism of thrombopoietin (TPO) in megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. METHODS Multiple approaches such as western blotting, cell transfection, flow cytometry, and animal studies were utilized to explore the effect and mechanism of PBMT on thrombopoiesis. RESULTS PBMT prevented a severe drop in platelet count by increasing platelet production, and then ameliorated CIT. Mechanistically, PBMT significantly upregulated hepatic TPO expression in a thrombocytopenic mouse model, which promoted megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. The levels of TPO mRNA and protein increased by PBMT via the Src/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatic cells. Furthermore, the generation of the reactive oxygen species was responsible for PBMT-induced activation of Src and its downstream target effects. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggests that PBMT is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haocai Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Turner DJ, Turner M. RNA Binding Proteins As Regulators of Oxidative Stress Identified by a Targeted CRISPR-Cas9 Single Guide RNA Library. CRISPR J 2021; 4:427-437. [PMID: 34096786 PMCID: PMC8236562 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 genome editing system has been broadly adopted for high-throughput genetic screens. However, the application of genome-wide single guide RNA (sgRNA) libraries can be challenging. We generated a custom sgRNA library, an order of magnitude smaller than genome-wide alternatives, to facilitate the genetic screening of RNA binding proteins (RBPs). We demonstrated the utility of our reagent in a genetic screen for RBPs that conveyed cellular resistance or sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by paraquat. This identified that CSDE1 and STRAP, proteins that interact with each other, convey sensitivity to oxidative stress and that Pumilio homologues (PUM1 and PUM2) convey resistance. Targeting eIF4-E1 and -A1 protected cells from high-dose paraquat, whereas eIF4E2 targeted cells did less well. We also found that G3BP1 promoted sensitivity to a low dose of paraquat but protected cells at a higher dose. Our study highlights the use of genetic screens to identify roles of RBPs and identifies novel genes regulating sensitivity to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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12
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Abstract
Metabolic pathways and redox reactions are at the core of life. In the past decade(s), numerous discoveries have shed light on how metabolic pathways determine the cellular fate and function of lymphoid and myeloid cells, giving rise to an area of research referred to as immunometabolism. Upon activation, however, immune cells not only engage specific metabolic pathways but also rearrange their oxidation-reduction (redox) system, which in turn supports metabolic reprogramming. In fact, studies addressing the redox metabolism of immune cells are an emerging field in immunology. Here, we summarize recent insights revealing the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the differential requirement of the main cellular antioxidant pathways, including the components of the thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) pathways, as well as their transcriptional regulator NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), for proliferation, survival and function of T cells, B cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Muri
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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13
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de Faria CC, Fortunato RS. The role of dual oxidases in physiology and cancer. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190096. [PMID: 32453337 PMCID: PMC7265977 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685/gmb-2019-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
NOX/DUOX enzymes are transmembrane proteins that carry electrons through biological membranes generating reactive oxygen species. The NOX family is composed of seven members, which are NOX1 to NOX5 and DUOX1 and 2. DUOX enzymes were initially called thyroid oxidases, based on their high expression level in the thyroid tissue. However, DUOX expression has been documented in several extrathyroid tissues, mostly at the apical membrane of the salivary glands, the airways, and the intestinal tract, revealing additional cellular functions associated with DUOX-related H2O2 generation. In this review, we will briefly summarize the current knowledge regarding DUOX structure and physiological functions, as well as their possible role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Coelho de Faria
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas
Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas
Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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14
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Tsubata T. Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in BCR Signaling as a Second Messenger. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1254:37-46. [PMID: 32323267 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3532-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only toxic substances inducing oxidative stress but also play a role in receptor signaling as a second messenger, which augments signaling through various receptors by oxidizing ROS-sensitive signaling molecules. Among ROS, H2O2 is suggested to be an important second messenger because of its relative stability. H2O2 is generated by superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mediated conversion of superoxide produced by membrane-localized NADPH oxidases (NOXes). Superoxide and H2O2 are also produced as a by-product of mitochondrial respiratory chain and various other metabolic reactions. BCR ligation induces ROS production in two phases. ROS production starts immediately after BCR ligation and ceases in 1 h, then re-starts 2 h after BCR ligation and lasts 4-6 h. ROS production in the early phase is mediated by NOX2, a NOX isoform, but does not regulate BCR signaling. In contrast, ROS production at the late phase augments BCR signaling. Although the involvement of mitochondrial respiration was previously suggested in prolonged BCR ligation-induced ROS production, we recently demonstrated that NOX3, another NOX isoform, plays a central role in ROS production at the late phase. NOXes are shown to be a component of ROS-generating signaling endosome called redoxosome together with endocytosed receptors and receptor-associated signaling molecules. In redoxosome, ROS generated by NOXes augment signaling through the endocytosed receptor. The role of NOXes and redoxosome in BCR signaling needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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15
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Knock GA. NADPH oxidase in the vasculature: Expression, regulation and signalling pathways; role in normal cardiovascular physiology and its dysregulation in hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:385-427. [PMID: 31585207 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last 20-25 years have seen an explosion of interest in the role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in cardiovascular function and disease. In vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, NOX generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as second messengers, contributing to the control of normal vascular function. NOX activity is altered in response to a variety of stimuli, including G-protein coupled receptor agonists, growth-factors, perfusion pressure, flow and hypoxia. NOX-derived ROS are involved in smooth muscle constriction, endothelium-dependent relaxation and smooth muscle growth, proliferation and migration, thus contributing to the fine-tuning of blood flow, arterial wall thickness and vascular resistance. Through reversible oxidative modification of target proteins, ROS regulate the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases, kinases, G proteins, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins and transcription factors. There is now considerable, but somewhat contradictory evidence that NOX contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension through oxidative stress. Specific NOX isoforms have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction, hyper-contractility and vascular remodelling in various animal models of hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension, but also have potential protective effects, particularly NOX4. This review explores the multiplicity of NOX function in the healthy vasculature and the evidence for and against targeting NOX for antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Knock
- Dpt. of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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16
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Zhang H, Wang L, Chu Y. Reactive oxygen species: The signal regulator of B cell. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:16-22. [PMID: 31185253 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are indispensable for determining the fate of immune cells in both physiological and pathogenic environments, thus stimulating the interest of immunologists and clinicians. B cells are essential in maintaining immune homeostasis, and studies have indicated that ROS affect the maturation, activation and differentiation of B cells by controlling the signaling molecules in various molecular pathways. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the biological properties of ROS and the mechanisms by which ROS regulate B cell signaling pathways. We propose that ROS and their mediated signal transduction can be a new approach for manipulating B cell immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hushan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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17
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The regulators of BCR signaling during B cell activation. BLOOD SCIENCE 2019; 1:119-129. [PMID: 35402811 PMCID: PMC8975005 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes produce antibodies under the stimulation of specific antigens, thereby exerting an immune effect. B cells identify antigens by their surface B cell receptor (BCR), which upon stimulation, directs the cell to activate and differentiate into antibody generating plasma cells. Activation of B cells via their BCRs involves signaling pathways that are tightly controlled by various regulators. In this review, we will discuss three major BCR mediated signaling pathways (the PLC-γ2 pathway, PI3K pathway and MAPK pathway) and related regulators, which were roughly divided into positive, negative and mutual-balanced regulators, and the specific regulators of the specific signaling pathway based on regulatory effects.
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18
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Pan H, Wang BH, Li ZB, Gong XG, Qin Y, Jiang Y, Han WL. Mitochondrial superoxide anions induced by exogenous oxidative stress determine tumor cell fate: an individual cell-based study. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:310-321. [PMID: 30932376 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in a variety of biological phenomena and serve both deleterious and beneficial roles. ROS quantification and assessment of reaction networks are desirable but difficult because of their short half-life and high reactivity. Here, we describe a pro-oxidative model in a single human lung carcinoma SPC-A-1 cell that was created by application of extracellular H2O2 stimuli. METHODS Modified microfluidics and imaging techniques were used to determine O2 •- levels and construct an O2 •- reaction network. To elucidate the consequences of increased O2 •- input, the mitochondria were given a central role in the oxidative stress mode, by manipulating mitochondria-interrelated cytosolic Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, auto-amplification of intracellular ROS and the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Results from a modified microchip demonstrated that 1 mmol/L H2O2 induced a rapid increase in cellular O2 •- levels (>27 vs. >406 amol in 20 min), leading to increased cellular oxidizing power (evaluated by ROS levels) and decreased reducing power (evaluated by glutathione (GSH) levels). In addition, we examined the dynamics of cytosolic Ca2+ and mitochondrial Ca2+ by confocal laser scanning microscopy and confirmed that Ca2+ stores in the endoplasmic reticulum were the primary source of H2O2-induced cytosolic Ca2+ bursts. It is clear that mitochondria have pivotal roles in determining how exogenous oxidative stress affects cell fate. The stress response involves the transfer of Ca2+ signals between organelles, ROS auto-amplification, mitochondrial dysfunction, and a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Bao-Hui Wang
- Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhou-Bin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xing-Guo Gong
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wei-Li Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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19
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Feng YY, Tang M, Suzuki M, Gunasekara C, Anbe Y, Hiraoka Y, Liu J, Grasberger H, Ohkita M, Matsumura Y, Wang JY, Tsubata T. Essential Role of NADPH Oxidase–Dependent Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Maintenance of Sustained B Cell Receptor Signaling and B Cell Proliferation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2546-2557. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Sugamata R, Donko A, Murakami Y, Boudreau HE, Qi CF, Kwon J, Leto TL. Duox1 Regulates Primary B Cell Function under the Influence of IL-4 through BCR-Mediated Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:428-440. [PMID: 30559322 PMCID: PMC6324942 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Engagement of the BCR with Ags triggers signaling pathways for commitment of B lymphocyte responses that can be regulated, in part, by reactive oxygen species. To investigate the functional relevance of reactive oxygen species produced in primary B cells, we focused on the role of the hydrogen peroxide generator Duox1 in stimulated splenic B cells under the influence of the TH2 cytokine IL-4. We found that H2O2 production in wild type (WT) and Nox2-deficient CD19+ B cells was boosted concomitantly with enhanced expression of Duox1 following costimulation with BCR agonists together with IL-4, whereas stimulated Duox1-/- cells showed attenuated H2O2 release. We examined whether Duox1-derived H2O2 contributes to proliferative activity and Ig isotype production in CD19+ cells upon BCR stimulation. Duox1-/- CD19+ B cells showed normal responses of Ig production but a higher rate of proliferation than WT or Nox2-deficient cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the H2O2 scavenger catalase mimics the effect of Duox1 deficiency by enhancing proliferation of WT CD19+ B cells in vitro. Results from immunized mice reflected the in vitro observations: T cell-independent Ag induced increased B cell expansion in germinal centers from Duox1-/- mice relative to WT and Nox2-/- mice, whereas immunization with T cell-dependent or -independent Ag elicited normal Ig isotype secretion in the Duox1 mutant mice. These observations, obtained both by in vitro and in vivo approaches, strongly suggest that Duox1-derived hydrogen peroxide negatively regulates proliferative activity but not Ig isotype production in primary splenic CD19+ B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Sugamata
- Molecular Defense Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892; and
| | - Agnes Donko
- Molecular Defense Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892; and
| | - Yousuke Murakami
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852; and
| | - Howard E Boudreau
- Molecular Defense Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892; and
| | - Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852; and
- Pathology Core, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Jaeyul Kwon
- Molecular Defense Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892; and
| | - Thomas L Leto
- Molecular Defense Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892; and
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21
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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22
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Hoffmann MH, Griffiths HR. The dual role of Reactive Oxygen Species in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: evidence from preclinical models. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:62-71. [PMID: 29550327 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are created in cells during oxidative phosphorylation by the respiratory chain in the mitochondria or by the family of NADPH oxidase (NOX) complexes. The first discovered and most studied of these complexes, NOX2, mediates the oxidative burst in phagocytes. ROS generated by NOX2 are dreadful weapons: while being essential to kill ingested pathogens they can also cause degenerative changes on tissue if production and release are not balanced by sufficient detoxification. In the last fifteen years evidence has been accumulating that ROS are also integral signaling molecules and are important for regulating autoimmunity and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. It seems that an accurate redox balance is necessary to sustain an immune state that both prevents the development of overt autoimmunity (the bright side of ROS) and minimizes collateral tissue damage (the dark side of ROS). Herein, we review studies from rodent models of arthritis, lupus, and neurodegenerative diseases that show that low NOX2-derived ROS production is linked to disease and elaborate on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms and the translation of these results to disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Medicine 3, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany.
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23
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Aguilera G, Colín-González AL, Rangel-López E, Chavarría A, Santamaría A. Redox Signaling, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1626-1651. [PMID: 28467722 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is part of the defense system that mostly microglia and macrophages display to induce normal signaling to counteract the deleterious actions of invading pathogens in the brain. Also, redox activity in the central nervous system (CNS) constitutes an integral part of the metabolic processes needed by cells to exert their normal molecular and biochemical functions. Under normal conditions, the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and the following oxidative activity encounter a healthy balance with immunological responses to preserve cell functions in the brain. However, under different pathological conditions, inflammatory responses recruit pro-oxidant signals and vice versa. The aim of this article is to review the basic concepts about the triggering of inflammatory and oxidative responses in the CNS. Recent Advances: Diverse concurrent toxic pathways are described to provide a solid mechanistic scope for considering intervention at the experimental and clinical levels that are aimed at diminishing the harmful actions of these two contributing factors to nerve cell damage. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The main conclusion supports the existence of a narrow cross-talk between pro-inflammatory and oxidative signals that can lead to neuronal damage and subsequent neurodegeneration. Further investigation about critical pathways crosslinking oxidative stress and inflammation will strength our knowlegde on this topic. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1626-1651.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Aguilera
- 1 Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Colín-González
- 1 Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Rangel-López
- 1 Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- 2 Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abel Santamaría
- 1 Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Mexico City, Mexico
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24
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Target identification reveals protein arginine methyltransferase 1 is a potential target of phenyl vinyl sulfone and its derivatives. Biosci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29540535 PMCID: PMC5968187 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenyl vinyl sulfone (PVS) and phenyl vinyl sulfonate (PVSN) inactivate protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) by mimicking the phosphotyrosine structure and providing a Michael addition acceptor for the active-site cysteine residue of PTPs, thus forming covalent adducts between PVS (or PVSN) and PTPs. We developed a specific antiserum against PVS. This antiserum can be used in general antibody-based assays such as immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, and immunoprecipitation. Target identification through immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis reveals potential targets of PVS, mostly proteins with reactive cysteine residues or low-pKa cysteine residues that are prone to reversible redox modifications. Target identification of PVSN has been conducted because the anti-PVS antiserum can also recognize PVSN. Among the targets, protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1, vimentin, and glutathione reductase (GR) were further confirmed by immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting. In addition, PVSN and Bay11-7082 inhibited GR activity, and PVS, PVSN, and Bay 11-7082 inhibited PRMT1 activity in in vitro assays. In addition, treatment of PVSN, Bay11-7082, or Bay 11-7085 in cultured HeLa cells can cause the quick decline in the levels of protein asymmetric dimethylarginine. These results indicate that the similar moiety among PVS, PVSN, Bay 11-7082, and Bay 11-7085 can be the key structure of lead compounds of PRMT1. Therefore, we expect to use this approach in the identification of potential targets of other covalent drugs.
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25
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van der Vliet A, Danyal K, Heppner DE. Dual oxidase: a novel therapeutic target in allergic disease. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1401-1418. [PMID: 29405261 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) represent a family of enzymes that mediate regulated cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and play various functional roles in physiology. Among the NOX family, the dual oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2 are prominently expressed in epithelial cell types at mucosal surfaces and have therefore been considered to have important roles in innate host defence pathways. Recent studies have revealed important insights into the host defence mechanisms of DUOX enzymes, which control innate immune response pathways in response to either microbial or allergic triggers. In this review, we discuss the current level of understanding with respect to the biological role(s) of DUOX enzymes and the unique role of DUOX1 in mediating innate immune responses to epithelial injury and allergens and in the development of allergic disease. These novel findings highlight DUOX1 as an attractive therapeutic target, and opportunities for the development of selective inhibitor strategies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Karamatullah Danyal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Low catalase expression confers redox hypersensitivity and identifies an indolent clinical behavior in CLL. Blood 2018; 131:1942-1954. [PMID: 29467184 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-800466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is a key determinant of variable clinical behavior and a target for therapeutic interventions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Endogenously produced H2O2 is thought to fine-tune the BCR signaling by reversibly inhibiting phosphatases. However, little is known about how CLL cells sense and respond to such redox cues and what effect they have on CLL. We characterized the response of BCR signaling proteins to exogenous H2O2 in cells from patients with CLL, using phosphospecific flow cytometry. Exogenous H2O2 in the absence of BCR engagement induced a signaling response of BCR proteins that was higher in CLL with favorable prognostic parameters and an indolent clinical course. We identified low catalase expression as a possible mechanism accounting for redox signaling hypersensitivity. Decreased catalase could cause an escalated accumulation of exogenous H2O2 in leukemic cells with a consequent greater inhibition of phosphatases and an increase of redox signaling sensitivity. Moreover, lower levels of catalase were significantly associated with a slower progression of the disease. In leukemic cells characterized by redox hypersensitivity, we also documented an elevated accumulation of ROS and an increased mitochondrial amount. Taken together, our data identified redox sensitivity and metabolic profiles that are linked to differential clinical behavior in CLL. This study advances our understanding of the redox and signaling heterogeneity of CLL and provides the rationale for the development of therapies targeting redox pathways in CLL.
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27
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Redox-Dependent Circuits Regulating B Lymphocyte Physiology. Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809819-6.00013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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28
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Seelige R, Searles S, Bui JD. Mechanisms regulating immune surveillance of cellular stress in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:225-240. [PMID: 28744671 PMCID: PMC11105730 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to explore immune-mediated mechanisms of stress surveillance in cancer, with particular emphasis on the idea that all cancers have classical hallmarks (Hanahan and Weinberg in Cell 100:57-70, 67; Cell 144:646-674, 68) that could be interrelated. We postulate that hallmarks of cancer associated with cellular stress pathways (Luo et al. in Cell 136:823-837, 101) including oxidative stress, proteotoxic stress, mitotic stress, DNA damage, and metabolic stress could define and modulate the inflammatory component of cancer. As such, the overarching goal of this review is to define the types of cellular stress that cancer cells undergo, and then to explore mechanisms by which immune cells recognize, respond to, and are affected by each stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Seelige
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA
| | - Stephen Searles
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA.
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29
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Garcia FJ, Carroll KS. An immunochemical approach to detect oxidized protein tyrosine phosphatases using a selective C-nucleophile tag. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:1790-8. [PMID: 26757830 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00847f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases are crucial regulators of signal transduction and function as antagonists towards protein tyrosine kinases to control reversible tyrosine phosphorylation, thereby regulating fundamental physiological processes. Growing evidence has supported the notion that reversible oxidative inactivation of the catalytic cysteine residue in protein tyrosine phosphatases serves as an oxidative post-translational modification that regulates its activity to influence downstream signaling by promoting phosphorylation and induction of the signaling cascade. The oxidation of cysteine to the sulfenic acid is often transient and difficult to detect, thus making it problematic in understanding the role that this oxidative post-translational modification plays in redox-biology and pathogenesis. Several methods to detect cysteine oxidation in biological systems have been developed, though targeted approaches to directly detect oxidized phosphatases are still lacking. Herein we describe the development of a novel immunochemical approach to directly profile oxidized phosphatases. This immunochemical approach consists of an antibody designed to recognize the conserved sequence of the PTP active site (VHCDMDSAG) harboring the catalytic cysteine modified with dimedone (CDMD), a nucleophile that chemoselectively reacts with cysteine sulfenic acids to form a stable thioether adduct. Additionally, we provide biochemical and mass spectrometry workflows to be used in conjugation with this newly developed immunochemical approach to assist in the identification and quantification of basal and oxidized phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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Prieto-Bermejo R, Hernández-Hernández A. The Importance of NADPH Oxidases and Redox Signaling in Angiogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020032. [PMID: 28505091 PMCID: PMC5488012 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have to cope with the constant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although the excessive production of ROS might be deleterious for cell biology, there is a plethora of evidence showing that moderate levels of ROS are important for the control of cell signaling and gene expression. The family of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NADPH oxidases or Nox) has evolved to produce ROS in response to different signals; therefore, they fulfil a central role in the control of redox signaling. The role of NADPH oxidases in vascular physiology has been a field of intense study over the last two decades. In this review we will briefly analyze how ROS can regulate signaling and gene expression. We will address the implication of NADPH oxidases and redox signaling in angiogenesis, and finally, the therapeutic possibilities derived from this knowledge will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Prieto-Bermejo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain.
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32
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Mills EL, Kelly B, O'Neill LAJ. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of immunity. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:488-498. [PMID: 28418387 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 647] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that mitochondria lie at the heart of immunity. Mitochondrial DNA acts as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), and the mitochondrial outer membrane is a platform for signaling molecules such as MAVS in RIG-I signaling, and for the NLRP3 inflammasome. Mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission have roles in aspects of immune-cell activation. Most important, Krebs cycle intermediates such as succinate, fumarate and citrate engage in processes related to immunity and inflammation, in both innate and adaptive immune cells. These discoveries are revealing mitochondrial targets that could potentially be exploited for therapeutic gain in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanna L Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Beth Kelly
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Choi S, Warzecha C, Zvezdova E, Lee J, Argenty J, Lesourne R, Aravind L, Love PE. THEMIS enhances TCR signaling and enables positive selection by selective inhibition of the phosphatase SHP-1. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:433-441. [PMID: 28250424 PMCID: PMC5807080 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
THEMIS, a T cell-specific protein with high expression in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, has a crucial role in positive selection and T cell development. THEMIS lacks defined catalytic domains but contains two tandem repeats of a distinctive module of unknown function (CABIT). Here we found that THEMIS directly regulated the catalytic activity of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. This action was mediated by the CABIT modules, which bound to the phosphatase domain of SHP-1 and promoted or stabilized oxidation of SHP-1's catalytic cysteine residue, which inhibited the tyrosine-phosphatase activity of SHP-1. Deletion of SHP-1 alleviated the developmental block in Themis-/- thymocytes. Thus, THEMIS facilitates thymocyte positive selection by enhancing the T cell antigen receptor signaling response to low-affinity ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seeyoung Choi
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Claude Warzecha
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ekaterina Zvezdova
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jan Lee
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jérémy Argenty
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, and Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Renaud Lesourne
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, and Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - L. Aravind
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Paul E. Love
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Vashi N, Andrabi SBA, Ghanwat S, Suar M, Kumar D. Ca 2+-dependent Focal Exocytosis of Golgi-derived Vesicles Helps Phagocytic Uptake in Macrophages. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5144-5165. [PMID: 28174296 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.743047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Golgi apparatus during phagocytic uptake by macrophages has been ruled out in the past. Notably, all such reports were limited to Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Here, we unravel a highly devolved mechanism for recruitment of Golgi-derived secretory vesicles during phagosome biogenesis, which was important for uptake of most cargos, except the IgG-coated ones. We report recruitment of mannosidase-II-positive Golgi-derived vesicles during uptake of diverse targets, including latex beads, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human and mouse macrophages. The recruitment of mannosidase-II vesicles was an early event mediated by focal exocytosis and coincided with the recruitment of transferrin receptor, VAMP3, and dynamin-2. Brefeldin A treatment inhibited mannosidase-II recruitment and phagocytic uptake of serum-coated or -uncoated latex beads and E. coli However, consistent with previous studies, brefeldin A treatment did not affect uptake of IgG-coated latex beads. Mechanistically, recruitment of mannosidase-II vesicles during phagocytic uptake required Ca2+ from both extra- and intracellular sources apart from PI3K, microtubules, and dynamin-2. Extracellular Ca2+ via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels established a Ca2+-dependent local phosphatidylinositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate gradient, which guides the focal movement of Golgi-derived vesicles to the site of uptake. We confirmed Golgi-derived vesicles recruited during phagocytosis were secretory vesicles as their recruitment was sensitive to depletion of VAMP2 or NCS1, whereas recruitment of the recycling endosome marker VAMP3 was unaffected. Depletion of both VAMP2 and NCS1 individually resulted in the reduced uptake by macrophages. Together, the study provides a previously unprecedented role of Golgi-derived secretory vesicles in phagocytic uptake, the key innate defense function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimi Vashi
- From the Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067 and
| | - Syed Bilal Ahmad Andrabi
- From the Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067 and
| | - Swapnil Ghanwat
- From the Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067 and
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- the School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar-751024, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- From the Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067 and
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35
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SHP-2 phosphatase controls aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated ER stress response in mast cells. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1739-1748. [PMID: 27709270 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously we reported that exposure of mouse and human mast cells to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and calcium (Ca2+)-dependent activation of mast cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms through which the AhR-ligand axis mediates stress response, Ca2+ signaling and subsequent mast cell activation remain to be fully elucidated. Evidence is provided herein that SHP-2 is critical in regulating AhR-mediated ER stress response and intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. We found that an AhR ligand, FICZ, induced significant reduction of intracellular GSH and an increased level of intracellular ROS. Significantly, we showed that in FICZ-treated mast cells, SHP-2 promoted, in a ROS-dependent manner, ER stress response involving primarily the PERK signaling pathway, ATF4 activation and eIF2α phosphorylation, which could be reversed by the addition of an antioxidant, NAC, and was inhibited in cells with SHP-2 knockdown. Our findings suggested that SHP-2 is critical in controlling ER stress signals in response to AhR activation, which provides a new mechanistic insight into how the AhR-ligand axis regulates cellular adaptation to the environmental insult in mast cells.
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Abstract
B cell growth and proliferation is tightly regulated by signaling through the B cell receptor and by other membrane bound receptors responding to different cytokines. The PI3K signaling pathway has been shown to play a crucial role in B cell activation, differentiation and survival. Activated B cells undergo metabolic reprograming in response to changing energetic and biosynthetic demands. B cells also need to be able to coordinate metabolic activity and proliferation with nutrient availability. The PI3K signaling network has been implicated in regulating nutrient acquisition, utilization and biosynthesis, thus integrating receptor-mediated signaling with cell metabolism. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about metabolic changes induced in activated B cells, strategies to adapt to metabolic stress and the role of PI3K signaling in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jellusova
- a BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany.,b Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Robert C Rickert
- c Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
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37
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Kienhöfer D, Boeltz S, Hoffmann MH. Reactive oxygen homeostasis – the balance for preventing autoimmunity. Lupus 2016; 25:943-54. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203316640919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Being mainly known for their role in the antimicrobial defense and collateral damage they cause in tissues as agents of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species were considered “the bad guys” for decades. However, in the last years it was shown that the absence of reactive oxygen species can lead to the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Animal models of lupus, arthritis and psoriasis revealed reactive oxygen species-deficiency as a potent driver of pathogenesis. On the contrary, in chronic stages oxidative stress can still contribute to progression of inflammation. It seems that a neatly adjusted redox balance is necessary to sustain an immune state that both prevents the development of overt autoimmunity and attenuates chronic stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kienhöfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Boeltz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M H Hoffmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Erlangen, Germany
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Sundararaman A, Amirtham U, Rangarajan A. Calcium-Oxidant Signaling Network Regulates AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation upon Matrix Deprivation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14410-29. [PMID: 27226623 PMCID: PMC4938166 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.731257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has recently been implicated in anoikis resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms that activate AMPK upon matrix detachment remain unexplored. In this study, we show that AMPK activation is a rapid and sustained phenomenon upon matrix deprivation, whereas re-attachment to the matrix leads to its dephosphorylation and inactivation. Because matrix detachment leads to loss of integrin signaling, we investigated whether integrin signaling negatively regulates AMPK activation. However, modulation of focal adhesion kinase or Src, the major downstream components of integrin signaling, failed to cause a corresponding change in AMPK signaling. Further investigations revealed that the upstream AMPK kinases liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) contribute to AMPK activation upon detachment. In LKB1-deficient cells, we found AMPK activation to be predominantly dependent on CaMKKβ. We observed no change in ATP levels under detached conditions at early time points suggesting that rapid AMPK activation upon detachment was not triggered by energy stress. We demonstrate that matrix deprivation leads to a spike in intracellular calcium as well as oxidant signaling, and both these intracellular messengers contribute to rapid AMPK activation upon detachment. We further show that endoplasmic reticulum calcium release-induced store-operated calcium entry contributes to intracellular calcium increase, leading to reactive oxygen species production, and AMPK activation. We additionally show that the LKB1/CaMKK-AMPK axis and intracellular calcium levels play a critical role in anchorage-independent cancer sphere formation. Thus, the Ca2+/reactive oxygen species-triggered LKB1/CaMKK-AMPK signaling cascade may provide a quick, adaptable switch to promote survival of metastasizing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthalakshmy Sundararaman
- From the Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012 and
| | - Usha Amirtham
- the Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore-560030, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- From the Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012 and
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Downregulation of vimentin in macrophages infected with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21526. [PMID: 26876331 PMCID: PMC4753491 DOI: 10.1038/srep21526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis persists primarily in macrophages after infection and manipulates the host defence pathways in its favour. 2D gel electrophoresis results showed that vimentin, an intermediate filament protein, is downregulated in macrophages infected with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv when compared to macrophages infected with heat- killed H37Rv. The downregulation was confirmed by Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. Besides, the expression of vimentin in avirulent strain, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra- infected macrophages was similar to the expression in heat-killed H37Rv- infected macrophages. Increased expression of vimentin in H2O2- treated live H37Rv-infected macrophages and decreased expression of vimentin both in NAC and DPI- treated heat-killed H37Rv-infected macrophages showed that vimentin expression is positively regulated by ROS. Ectopic expression of ESAT-6 in macrophages decreased both the level of ROS and the expression of vimentin which implies that Mycobacterium tuberculosis-mediated downregulation of vimentin is at least in part due to the downregulation of ROS by the pathogen. Interestingly, the incubation of macrophages with anti-vimentin antibody increased the ROS production and decreased the survival of H37Rv. In addition, we also showed that the pattern of phosphorylation of vimentin in macrophages by PKA/PKC is different from monocytes, emphasizing a role for vimentin phosphorylation in macrophage differentiation.
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A respiratory chain controlled signal transduction cascade in the mitochondrial intermembrane space mediates hydrogen peroxide signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5679-88. [PMID: 26438848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517932112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) govern cellular homeostasis by inducing signaling. H2O2 modulates the activity of phosphatases and many other signaling molecules through oxidation of critical cysteine residues, which led to the notion that initiation of ROS signaling is broad and nonspecific, and thus fundamentally distinct from other signaling pathways. Here, we report that H2O2 signaling bears hallmarks of a regular signal transduction cascade. It is controlled by hierarchical signaling events resulting in a focused response as the results place the mitochondrial respiratory chain upstream of tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn, Lyn upstream of tyrosine-protein kinase SYK (Syk), and Syk upstream of numerous targets involved in signaling, transcription, translation, metabolism, and cell cycle regulation. The active mediators of H2O2 signaling colocalize as H2O2 induces mitochondria-associated Lyn and Syk phosphorylation, and a pool of Lyn and Syk reside in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Finally, the same intermediaries control the signaling response in tissues and species responsive to H2O2 as the respiratory chain, Lyn, and Syk were similarly required for H2O2 signaling in mouse B cells, fibroblasts, and chicken DT40 B cells. Consistent with a broad role, the Syk pathway is coexpressed across tissues, is of early metazoan origin, and displays evidence of evolutionary constraint in the human. These results suggest that H2O2 signaling is under control of a signal transduction pathway that links the respiratory chain to the mitochondrial intermembrane space-localized, ubiquitous, and ancient Syk pathway in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells.
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41
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Vashishta M, Khan N, Mehto S, Sehgal D, Natarajan K. Pneumococal Surface Protein A (PspA) Regulates Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression on Dendritic Cells in a Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Calcium Dependent Manner. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26214513 PMCID: PMC4516265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia leads to high mortality in children under the age of five years worldwide, resulting in close to 20 percent of all deaths in this age group. Therefore, investigations into host-pathogen interactions during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection are key in devising strategies towards the development of better vaccines and drugs. To that end, in this study we investigated the role of S. pneumoniae and its surface antigen Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) in modulating the expression of co-stimulatory molecule Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on dendritic cells (DCs) and the subsequent effects of increased PD-L1 on key defence responses. Our data indicate that stimulation of DCs with PspA increases the surface expression of PD-L1 in a time and dose dependent manner. Characterization of mechanisms involved in PspA induced expression of PD-L1 indicate the involvement of Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and calcium homeostasis. While calcium release from intracellular stores positively regulated PD-L1 expression, calcium influx from external milieu negatively regulated PD-L1 expression. Increase in PD-L1 expression, when costimulated with PspA and through TLR2 was higher than when stimulated with PspA or through TLR2. Further, knockdown of TLR2 and the intermediates in the TLR signaling machinery pointed towards the involvement of a MyD88 dependent pathway in PspA induced PD-L1 expression. Incubation of DCs with S. pneumoniae resulted in the up-regulation of PD-L1 expression, while infection with a strain lacking surface PspA failed to do so. Our data also suggests the role of PspA in ROS generation. These results suggest a novel and specific role for PspA in modulating immune responses against S. pneumoniae by regulating PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Vashishta
- Infectious Disease Immunology Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (MV); (KN); (DS)
| | - Naeem Khan
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash Mehto
- Infectious Disease Immunology Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Devinder Sehgal
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (MV); (KN); (DS)
| | - Krishnamurthy Natarajan
- Infectious Disease Immunology Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (MV); (KN); (DS)
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42
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Polikowsky HG, Wogsland CE, Diggins KE, Huse K, Irish JM. Cutting Edge: Redox Signaling Hypersensitivity Distinguishes Human Germinal Center B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1364-1367. [PMID: 26157177 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the quality of BCR signaling control key steps of B cell maturation and differentiation. Endogenously produced H2O2 is thought to fine tune the level of BCR signaling by reversibly inhibiting phosphatases. However, relatively little is known about how B cells at different stages sense and respond to such redox cues. In this study, we used phospho-specific flow cytometry and high-dimensional mass cytometry (CyTOF) to compare BCR signaling responses in mature human tonsillar B cells undergoing germinal center (GC) reactions. GC B cells, in contrast to mature naive B cells, memory B cells, and plasmablasts, were hypersensitive to a range of H2O2 concentrations and responded by phosphorylating SYK and other membrane-proximal BCR effectors in the absence of BCR engagement. These findings reveal that stage-specific redox responses distinguish human GC B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Polikowsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cara E Wogsland
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kirsten E Diggins
- Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kanutte Huse
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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43
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Satpathy S, Wagner SA, Beli P, Gupta R, Kristiansen TA, Malinova D, Francavilla C, Tolar P, Bishop GA, Hostager BS, Choudhary C. Systems-wide analysis of BCR signalosomes and downstream phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:810. [PMID: 26038114 PMCID: PMC4501846 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is essential for the development and function of B cells; however, the spectrum of proteins involved in BCR signaling is not fully known. Here we used quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to monitor the dynamics of BCR signaling complexes (signalosomes) and to investigate the dynamics of downstream phosphorylation and ubiquitylation signaling. We identify most of the previously known components of BCR signaling, as well as many proteins that have not yet been implicated in this system. BCR activation leads to rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitylation of the receptor-proximal signaling components, many of which are co-regulated by both the modifications. We illustrate the power of multilayered proteomic analyses for discovering novel BCR signaling components by demonstrating that BCR-induced phosphorylation of RAB7A at S72 prevents its association with effector proteins and with endo-lysosomal compartments. In addition, we show that BCL10 is modified by LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitylation, and demonstrate an important function of LUBAC in BCR-induced NF-κB signaling. Our results offer a global and integrated view of BCR signaling, and the provided datasets can serve as a valuable resource for further understanding BCR signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankha Satpathy
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian A Wagner
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petra Beli
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine A Kristiansen
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dessislava Malinova
- Division of Immune Cell Biology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pavel Tolar
- Division of Immune Cell Biology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate Program in Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA VAMC, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bruce S Hostager
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chunaram Choudhary
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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44
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Weinberg SE, Sena LA, Chandel NS. Mitochondria in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunity 2015; 42:406-17. [PMID: 25786173 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are well appreciated for their role as biosynthetic and bioenergetic organelles. In the past two decades, mitochondria have emerged as signaling organelles that contribute critical decisions about cell proliferation, death, and differentiation. Mitochondria not only sustain immune cell phenotypes but also are necessary for establishing immune cell phenotype and their function. Mitochondria can rapidly switch from primarily being catabolic organelles generating ATP to anabolic organelles that generate both ATP and building blocks for macromolecule synthesis. This enables them to fulfill appropriate metabolic demands of different immune cells. Mitochondria have multiple mechanisms that allow them to activate signaling pathways in the cytosol including altering in AMP/ATP ratio, the release of ROS and TCA cycle metabolites, as well as the localization of immune regulatory proteins on the outer mitochondrial membrane. In this Review, we discuss the evidence and mechanisms that mitochondrial dependent signaling controls innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Laura A Sena
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60615, USA.
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45
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Jin R, Gao Y, Zhang S, Teng F, Xu X, Aili A, Wang Y, Sun X, Pang X, Ge Q, Zhang Y. Trx1/TrxR1 system regulates post-selected DP thymocytes survival by modulating ASK1-JNK/p38 MAPK activities. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:744-52. [PMID: 25753394 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A key process in the development of T lymphocyte in the thymus is T-cell receptor (TCR) selection. It is controlled by complex signaling pathways that contain redox-sensitive molecules. However, the redox status early after TCR selection and how redox regulators promote the survival of post-selected DP thymocytes has not been directly addressed. The present study demonstrated that the transition from pre- to post-selected double-positive (DP) stages was accompanied with an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a transient surge in the expression of a variety of redox regulators. Among them, the thioredoxin (Trx)1/thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)1 system was found to be critically involved in the regulation of cell survival of DP thymocytes, especially that of post-selected CD69(+) subset, as its inhibition caused a specific reduction of these cells both in vitro and in vivo, most likely owing to increased apoptosis. Suppression of the glutathione-dependent redox system, on the other hand, showed no obvious impact. Biochemically, treatment of DP thymcoytes with TrxR1 inhibitor alone or in conjunction with anti-CD3 resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of redox-sensitive ASK-1, JNK and p38 MAPK, and upregulated expression of Bim. Taken together, the data presented here suggest that the timely upregulation of Trx1/TrxR1 and the active control of intracellular redox status is critical for the survival of thymocytes during and short after positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Shusong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Abudureyimujiang Aili
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
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Cotugno N, Finocchi A, Cagigi A, Di Matteo G, Chiriaco M, Di Cesare S, Rossi P, Aiuti A, Palma P, Douagi I. Defective B-cell proliferation and maintenance of long-term memory in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:753-61.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Diaz-Muñoz MD, Bell SE, Fairfax K, Monzon-Casanova E, Cunningham AF, Gonzalez-Porta M, Andrews SR, Bunik VI, Zarnack K, Curk T, Heggermont WA, Heymans S, Gibson GE, Kontoyiannis DL, Ule J, Turner M. The RNA-binding protein HuR is essential for the B cell antibody response. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:415-25. [PMID: 25706746 PMCID: PMC4479220 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA by the RNA-binding protein HuR (encoded by Elavl1) is required in B cells for the germinal center reaction and for the production of class-switched antibodies in response to thymus-independent antigens. Transcriptome-wide examination of RNA isoforms and their abundance and translation in HuR-deficient B cells, together with direct measurements of HuR-RNA interactions, revealed that HuR-dependent splicing of mRNA affected hundreds of transcripts, including that encoding dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (Dlst), a subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) complex. In the absence of HuR, defective mitochondrial metabolism resulted in large amounts of reactive oxygen species and B cell death. Our study shows how post-transcriptional processes control the balance of energy metabolism required for the proliferation and differentiation of B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Diaz-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah E Bell
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kirsten Fairfax
- 1] Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK. [2] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elisa Monzon-Casanova
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mar Gonzalez-Porta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Victoria I Bunik
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of PhysicoChemical Biology and Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tomaž Curk
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Stephane Heymans
- 1] Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Belgium. [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gary E Gibson
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York, USA
| | - Dimitris L Kontoyiannis
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Jernej Ule
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Environment and Evolution, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Oxidative stress has been linked to a myriad of pathologies. However, elevated ROS also act as signaling molecules in the maintenance of physiological functions--a process termed redox biology. In this review we discuss the two faces of ROS--redox biology and oxidative stress--and their contribution to both physiological and pathological conditions. Redox biology involves a small increase in ROS levels that activates signaling pathways to initiate biological processes, while oxidative stress denotes high levels of ROS that result in damage to DNA, protein or lipids. Thus, the response to ROS displays hormesis, given that the opposite effect is observed at low levels compared with that seen at high levels. Here, we argue that redox biology, rather than oxidative stress, underlies physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schieber
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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De Deken X, Corvilain B, Dumont JE, Miot F. Roles of DUOX-mediated hydrogen peroxide in metabolism, host defense, and signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2776-93. [PMID: 24161126 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Among the NADPH oxidases, the dual oxidases, DUOX1 and DUOX2, constitute a distinct subfamily initially called thyroid oxidases, based on their high level of expression in thyroid tissue. Genetic alterations causing inherited hypothyroidism clearly demonstrate their physiological implication in thyroid hormonogenesis. However, a growing list of biological functions triggered by DUOX-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) in highly differentiated mucosae have recently emerged. RECENT ADVANCES A role of DUOX enzymes as ROS providers for lactoperoxidase-mediated killing of invading pathogens has been well established and a role in bacteria chemorepulsion has been proposed. Control of DUOX expression and activity by inflammatory molecules and immune receptor activation consolidates their contributions to innate immune defense of mucosal surfaces. Recent studies conducted in ancestral organisms have identified effectors of DUOX redox signaling involved in wound healing including epithelium regeneration and leukocyte recruitment. Moreover, local generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by DUOX has also been suggested to constitute a positive feedback loop to promote receptor signaling activation. CRITICAL ISSUES A correct balance between H2O2 generation and detoxification mechanisms must be properly maintained to avoid oxidative damages. Overexpression of DUOX genes has been associated with an increasing number of chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, H2O2-mediated DNA damage supports a mutagenic function promoting tumor development. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite the high sequence similarity shared between DUOX1 and DUOX2, the two isoforms present distinct regulations, tissue expression and catalytic functions. The phenotypic characterization of novel DUOX/DUOXA invalidated animal models will be very useful for defining their medical importance in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier De Deken
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Brussels, Belgium
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50
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Jang JY, Min JH, Chae YH, Baek JY, Wang SB, Park SJ, Oh GT, Lee SH, Ho YS, Chang TS. Reactive oxygen species play a critical role in collagen-induced platelet activation via SHP-2 oxidation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2528-40. [PMID: 24093153 PMCID: PMC4025609 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The collagen-stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulates signal transduction in platelets, although the mechanism is unclear. The major targets of ROS include protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). ROS-mediated oxidation of the active cysteine site in PTPs abrogates the PTP catalytic activity. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether collagen-induced ROS generation leads to PTP oxidation, which promotes platelet stimulation. RESULTS SH2 domain-containing PTP-2 (SHP-2) is oxidized in platelets by ROS produced upon collagen stimulation. The oxidative inactivation of SHP-2 leads to the enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Vav1, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) in the linker for the activation of T cells signaling complex, which promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated activation of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2). Moreover, we found that, relative to wild-type platelets, platelets derived from glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1)/catalase double-deficient mice showed enhanced cellular ROS levels, oxidative inactivation of SHP-2, and tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk, Vav1, Btk, and PLCγ2 in response to collagen, which subsequently led to increased intracellular calcium levels, degranulation, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. Consistent with these findings, GPx1/catalase double-deficiency accelerated the thrombotic response in FeCl3-injured carotid arteries. INNOVATION The present study is the first to demonstrate that SHP-2 is targeted by ROS produced in collagen-stimulated platelets and suggests that a novel mechanism for the regulation of platelet activation by ROS is due to oxidative inactivation of SHP-2. CONCLUSION We conclude that collagen-induced ROS production leads to SHP-2 oxidation, which promotes platelet activation by upregulating tyrosine phosphorylation-based signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yong Jang
- 1 Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University , Seoul, South Korea
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