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Mistry JJ, Young KA, Colom Díaz PA, Maestre IF, Levine RL, Trowbridge JJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Senescence Induced by Dnmt3a -Mutant Hematopoietic Cells is a Targetable Mechanism Driving Clonal Hematopoiesis and Initiation of Hematologic Malignancy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587254. [PMID: 38585779 PMCID: PMC10996614 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) can predispose to blood cancers due to enhanced fitness of mutant hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), but the mechanisms driving this progression are not understood. We hypothesized that malignant progression is related to microenvironment-remodelling properties of CH-mutant HSPCs. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the bone marrow microenvironment in Dnmt3a R878H/+ mice revealed signatures of cellular senescence in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Dnmt3a R878H/+ HSPCs caused MSCs to upregulate the senescence markers SA-β-gal, BCL-2, BCL-xL, Cdkn1a (p21) and Cdkn2a (p16), ex vivo and in vivo . This effect was cell contact-independent and can be replicated by IL-6 or TNFα, which are produced by Dnmt3a R878H/+ HSPCs. Depletion of senescent MSCs in vivo reduced the fitness of Dnmt3a R878H/+ hematopoietic cells and the progression of CH to myeloid neoplasms using a sequentially inducible Dnmt3a ; Npm1 -mutant model. Thus, Dnmt3a -mutant HSPCs reprogram their microenvironment via senescence induction, creating a self-reinforcing niche favoring fitness and malignant progression. Statement of Significance Mesenchymal stromal cell senescence induced by Dnmt3a -mutant hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells drives clonal hematopoiesis and initiation of hematologic malignancy.
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Richartz N, Pietka W, Yadav A, Bostad M, Bhagwat S, Naderi S, Naderi EH, Stokke T, Ruud E, Blomhoff HK. N-acetyl cysteine turns EPAC activators into potent killers of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105509. [PMID: 38042493 PMCID: PMC10772734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, the majority of patients with pediatric B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL, hereafter ALL) survive their disease, but many of the survivors suffer from life-limiting late effects of the treatment. ALL develops in the bone marrow, where the cells are exposed to cAMP-generating prostaglandin E2. We have previously identified the cAMP signaling pathway as a putative target for improved efficacy of ALL treatment, based on the ability of cAMP signaling to reduce apoptosis induced by DNA damaging agents. In the present study, we have identified the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as a powerful modifier of critical events downstream of the cell-permeable cAMP analog 8-(4-chlorophenylthio) adenosine-3', 5'- cyclic monophosphate (8-CPT). Accordingly, we found NAC to turn 8-CPT into a potent killer of ALL cells in vitro both in the presence and absence of DNA damaging treatment. Furthermore, we revealed that NAC in combination with 8-CPT is able to delay the progression of ALL in a xenograft model in NOD-scid IL2Rγnull mice. NAC was shown to rely on the ability of 8-CPT to activate the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor EPAC, and we demonstrated that the ALL cells are killed by apoptosis involving sustained elevated levels of calcium imposed by the combination of the two drugs. Taken together, we propose that 8-CPT in the presence of NAC might be utilized as a novel strategy for treating pediatric ALL patients, and that this powerful combination might be exploited to enhance the therapeutic index of current ALL targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Richartz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wojciech Pietka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ajay Yadav
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Bostad
- Department of Core Facilities, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sampada Bhagwat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Soheil Naderi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Hallan Naderi
- Section of Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Stokke
- Department of Core Facilities, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Ruud
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Kiil Blomhoff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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3
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Özdemir C, Muratoğlu B, Özel BN, Alpdündar-Bulut E, Tonyalı G, Ünal Ş, Uçkan-Çetinkaya D. Multiparametric analysis of etoposide exposed mesenchymal stem cells and Fanconi anemia cells: implications in development of secondary myeloid malignancy. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4511-4524. [PMID: 37179284 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) may develop following a prior therapy or may evolve from an antecedent hematological disorder such as Fanconi Anemia (FA). Pathophysiology of leukemic evolution is not clear. Etoposide (Eto) is a chemotherapeutic agent implicated in development of sAML. FA is an inherited bone marrow (BM) failure disease characterized by genomic instability and xenobiotic susceptibility. Here, we hypothesized that alterations in the BM niche may play a critical/driver role in development of sAML in both conditions. Expression of selected genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, DNA double-strand break response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, heat shock response and cell cycle regulation were determined in BM mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of healthy controls and FA patients at steady state and upon exposure to Eto at different concentrations and in recurrent doses. Expression of CYPA1, p53, CCNB1, Dicer1, CXCL12, FLT3L and TGF-Beta genes were significantly downregulated in FA-MSCs compared with healthy controls. Eto exposure induced significant alterations in healthy BM-MSCs with increased expression of CYP1A1, GAD34, ATF4, NUPR1, CXCL12, KLF4, CCNB1 and nuclear localization of Dicer1. Interestingly, FA-MSCs did not show significant alterations in these genes upon Eto exposure. As opposed to healthy MSCs DICER1 gene expression and intracellular localization was not altered on FA BM-MSCs after Eto treatment. These results showed that Eto is a highly potent molecule and has pleiotropic effects on BM-MSCs, FA cells show altered expression profile compared to healthy controls and Eto exposure on FA cells shows differential profile than healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Özdemir
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Hacettepe University, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Bihter Muratoğlu
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Hacettepe University, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Buse Nurten Özel
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Hacettepe University, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esin Alpdündar-Bulut
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Hacettepe University, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülsena Tonyalı
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Hacettepe University, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şule Ünal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
- Research Center for Fanconi Anemia and Other IBMFSs, Hacettepe University, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Uçkan-Çetinkaya
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Hacettepe University, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey.
- Research Center for Fanconi Anemia and Other IBMFSs, Hacettepe University, 06100 Gevher Nesibe Street, Sihhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey.
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4
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Feng J, Hsu PF, Esteva E, Labella R, Wang Y, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Pucella J, Liu CZ, Arbini AA, Tsirigos A, Kousteni S, Reizis B. Haplodeficiency of the 9p21 tumor suppressor locus causes myeloid disorders driven by the bone marrow microenvironment. Blood 2023; 142:460-476. [PMID: 37267505 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromosome 9p21 locus comprises several tumor suppressor genes including MTAP, CDKN2A, and CDKN2B, and its homo- or heterozygous deletion is associated with reduced survival in multiple cancer types. We report that mice with germ line monoallelic deletion or induced biallelic deletion of the 9p21-syntenic locus (9p21s) developed a fatal myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN)-like disease associated with aberrant trabecular bone formation and/or fibrosis in the bone marrow (BM). Reciprocal BM transfers and conditional targeting of 9p21s suggested that the disease originates in the BM stroma. Single-cell analysis of 9p21s-deficient BM stroma revealed the expansion of chondrocyte and osteogenic precursors, reflected in increased osteogenic differentiation in vitro. It also showed reduced expression of factors maintaining hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, including Cxcl12. Accordingly, 9p21s-deficient mice showed reduced levels of circulating Cxcl12 and concomitant upregulation of the profibrotic chemokine Cxcl13 and the osteogenesis- and fibrosis-related multifunctional glycoprotein osteopontin/Spp1. Our study highlights the potential of mutations in the BM microenvironment to drive MDS/MPN-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Feng
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Pei-Feng Hsu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Eduardo Esteva
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rossella Labella
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Edward P. Evans Center for Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yueyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Joseph Pucella
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Cynthia Z Liu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Arnaldo A Arbini
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Stavroula Kousteni
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Edward P. Evans Center for Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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5
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Tomasoni C, Pievani A, Rambaldi B, Biondi A, Serafini M. A Question of Frame: The Role of the Bone Marrow Stromal Niche in Myeloid Malignancies. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e896. [PMID: 37234820 PMCID: PMC10208717 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Until a few years ago, the onset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was entirely ascribed to genetic lesions in hematopoietic stem cells. These mutations generate leukemic stem cells, which are known to be the main ones responsible for chemoresistance and relapse. However, in the last years, increasing evidence demonstrated that dynamic interplay between leukemic cells and bone marrow (BM) niche is of paramount relevance in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies, including AML. Specifically, BM stromal niche components, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their osteoblastic cell derivatives, play a key role not only in supporting normal hematopoiesis but also in the manifestation and progression of myeloid malignancies. Here, we reviewed recent clinical and experimental findings about how genetic and functional alterations in MSCs and osteolineage progeny can contribute to leukemogenesis and how leukemic cells in turn generate a corrupted niche able to support myeloid neoplasms. Moreover, we discussed how the newest single-cell technologies may help dissect the interactions between BM stromal cells and malignant hematopoiesis. The deep comprehension of the tangled relationship between stroma and AML blasts and their modulation during disease progression may have a valuable impact on the development of new microenvironment-directed therapeutic strategies, potentially useful for a wide cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tomasoni
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Pievani
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Benedetta Rambaldi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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6
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Sandoval C, Calle Y, Godoy K, Farías J. An Updated Overview of the Role of CYP450 during Xenobiotic Metabolization in Regulating the Acute Myeloid Leukemia Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076031. [PMID: 37047003 PMCID: PMC10094375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with several acute and chronic disorders, including hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia, the most prevalent acute leukemia in adults. Xenobiotics are usually harmless compounds that may be detrimental, such as pharmaceuticals, environmental pollutants, cosmetics, and even food additives. The storage of xenobiotics can serve as a defense mechanism or a means of bioaccumulation, leading to adverse effects. During the absorption, metabolism, and cellular excretion of xenobiotics, three steps may be distinguished: (i) inflow by transporter enzymes, (ii) phases I and II, and (iii) phase III. Phase I enzymes, such as those in the cytochrome P450 superfamily, catalyze the conversion of xenobiotics into more polar compounds, contributing to an elevated acute myeloid leukemia risk. Furthermore, genetic polymorphism influences the variability and susceptibility of related myeloid neoplasms, infant leukemias associated with mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangements, and a subset of de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Recent research has shown a sustained interest in determining the regulators of cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily E, member 1 (CYP2E1) expression and activity as an emerging field that requires further investigation in acute myeloid leukemia evolution. Therefore, this review suggests that CYP2E1 and its mutations can be a therapeutic or diagnostic target in acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Carreras 753, Osorno 5310431, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Yolanda Calle
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Karina Godoy
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Jorge Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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7
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Skelding KA, Barry DL, Theron DZ, Lincz LF. Bone Marrow Microenvironment as a Source of New Drug Targets for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:563. [PMID: 36614005 PMCID: PMC9820412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with one of the worst survival rates of all cancers. The bone marrow microenvironment is increasingly being recognised as an important mediator of AML chemoresistance and relapse, supporting leukaemia stem cell survival through interactions among stromal, haematopoietic progenitor and leukaemic cells. Traditional therapies targeting leukaemic cells have failed to improve long term survival rates, and as such, the bone marrow niche has become a promising new source of potential therapeutic targets, particularly for relapsed and refractory AML. This review briefly discusses the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in AML development and progression, and as a source of novel therapeutic targets for AML. The main focus of this review is on drugs that modulate/target this bone marrow microenvironment and have been examined in in vivo models or clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Skelding
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Daniel L. Barry
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Danielle Z. Theron
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Lisa F. Lincz
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Hunter Hematology Research Group, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
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8
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Kim MJ, Valderrábano RJ, Wu JY. Osteoblast Lineage Support of Hematopoiesis in Health and Disease. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1823-1842. [PMID: 35983701 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, hematopoiesis migrates to the bone marrow during embryogenesis coincident with the appearance of mineralized bone, where hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progeny are maintained by the surrounding microenvironment or niche, and sustain the entirety of the hematopoietic system. Genetic manipulation of niche factors and advances in cell lineage tracing techniques have implicated cells of both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic origin as important regulators of hematopoiesis in health and disease. Among them, cells of the osteoblast lineage, from stromal skeletal stem cells to matrix-embedded osteocytes, are vital niche residents with varying capacities for hematopoietic support depending on stage of differentiation. Here, we review populations of osteoblasts at differing stages of differentiation and summarize the current understanding of the role of the osteoblast lineage in supporting hematopoiesis. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rodrigo J Valderrábano
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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9
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Tan Z, Kan C, Wong M, Sun M, Liu Y, Yang F, Wang S, Zheng H. Regulation of Malignant Myeloid Leukemia by Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:857045. [PMID: 35756991 PMCID: PMC9213747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.857045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) has been proven to have benefits for both normal hematopoietic stem cell niche and pathological leukemic stem cell niche. In fact, the pathological leukemia microenvironment reprograms bone marrow niche cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells for leukemia progression, chemoresistance and relapse. The growth and differentiation of MSCs are modulated by leukemia stem cells. Moreover, chromatin abnormality of mesenchymal stem cells is sufficient for leukemia initiation. Here, we summarize the detailed relationship between MSC and leukemia. MSCs can actively and passively regulate the progression of myelogenous leukemia through cell-to-cell contact, cytokine-receptor interaction, and exosome communication. These behaviors benefit LSCs proliferation and survival and inhibit physiological hematopoiesis. Finally, we describe the recent advances in therapy targeting MSC hoping to provide new perspectives and therapeutic strategies for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Kan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mandy Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Minqiong Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yakun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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10
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Gudmundsson KO, Du Y. Quiescence regulation by normal haematopoietic stem cells and leukaemia stem cells. FEBS J 2022. [PMID: 35514133 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The haematopoietic system is maintained by rare haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are quiescent most of the time and only divide occasionally to self-renew and/or to undergo commitment to clonal expansion via the generation of highly proliferative progenitor cells. The latter is responsible for the generation of all mature cells of the system through subsequent lineage commitment and terminal differentiation. Cells with similar properties also exist in leukaemias and are known as leukaemia stem cells (LSCs). Quiescence provides essential protection for both HSC and LSC from cytotoxic stress and DNA damage and, in the case of LSCs, likely causes therapy resistance and disease relapse in leukaemia patients. Specific inhibition of LSC quiescence has been considered a promising strategy for eliminating LSCs and curing leukaemias. Although the understanding of mechanisms responsible for quiescence maintenance in these cells remains limited, particularly for LSCs, recent studies have suggested potential differences in their dependency on certain pathways and their levels of stress and DNA damage caused by increased cycling. Such differences likely stem from oncogenic mutations in LSCs and could be specifically exploited for the elimination of LSCs while sparing normal HSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristbjorn Orri Gudmundsson
- Basic Science Program Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Mouse Cancer Genetics Program Center for Cancer Research NCI Frederick MD USA
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Pediatrics Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda MD USA
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11
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Li Y, Yang S, Liu Y, Yang S. Deletion of Trp53 and Rb1 in Ctsk-expressing cells drives osteosarcoma progression by activating glucose metabolism and YAP signaling. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e131. [PMID: 35615117 PMCID: PMC9026232 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism reprogramming is a critical factor in the progression of multiple cancers and is directly regulated by many tumor suppressors. However, how glucose metabolism regulates osteosarcoma development and progression is largely unknown. Cathepsin K (Ctsk) has been reported to express in chondroprogenitor cells and stem cells besides osteoclasts. Moreover, mutations in the tumor suppressors transformation-related protein 53 (Trp53) and retinoblastoma protein (Rb1) are evident in approximately 50%-70% of human osteosarcoma. To understand how deletion of Trp53 and Rb1 in Ctsk-expressing cells drives tumorigenesis, we generated the Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mouse model. Our data revealed that those mice developed osteosarcoma without formation of tumor in osteoclast lineage. The level of cortical bone destruction was gradually increased in parallel to the osteosarcoma progression rate. Through mechanistic studies, we found that loss of Trp53/Rb1 in Ctsk-expressing cells significantly elevated Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression and activity. YAP/TEAD1 complex binds to the glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) promoter to upregulate Glut1 expression. Upregulated Glut1 expression led to overactive glucose metabolism, increasing osteosarcoma progression. Ablation of YAP signaling inhibited energy metabolism and delayed osteosarcoma progression in Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice. Collectively, these findings provide proof of principle that inhibition of YAP activity may be a potential strategy for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Basic & Translational SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life ScienceDalian Ocean UniversityDalianChina
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Innovation & Precision DentistrySchool of Dental MedicineSchool of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- The Penn Center for Musculoskeletal DisordersSchool of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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12
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Menter T, Tzankov A. Tumor Microenvironment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Adjusting Niches. Front Immunol 2022; 13:811144. [PMID: 35273598 PMCID: PMC8901718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) comprise a wide array of different entities, which have in common a rapid expansion of myeloid blast cells leading to displacement of normal hematopoietic cells and also disruption of the microenvironment in the bone marrow niches. Based on an insight into the complex cellular interactions in the bone marrow niches in non-neoplastic conditions in general, this review delineates the complex relationship between leukemic cells and reactive cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in AML. A special focus is directed on niche cells and various T-cell subsets as these also provide a potential therapeutic rationale considering e.g. immunomodulation. The TME of AML on the one hand plays a vital role for sustaining and promoting leukemogenesis but - on the other hand - it also has adverse effects on abnormal blasts developing into overt leukemia hindering their proliferation and potentially removing such cells. Thus, leukemic cells need to and develop strategies in order to manipulate the TME. Interference with those strategies might be of particular therapeutic potential since mechanisms of resistance related to tumor cell plasticity do not apply to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Menter
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Xing T, Lyu ZS, Duan CW, Zhao HY, Tang SQ, Wen Q, Zhang YY, Lv M, Wang Y, Xu LP, Zhang XH, Huang XJ, Kong Y. Dysfunctional bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells are involved in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. J Transl Med 2022; 20:144. [PMID: 35351133 PMCID: PMC8962499 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous myeloid clonal disorders characterized by ineffective haematopoiesis and immune deregulation. Emerging evidence has shown the effect of bone marrow (BM) endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in regulating haematopoiesis and immune balance. However, the number and functions of BM EPCs in patients with different stages of MDS remain largely unknown. Methods Patients with MDS (N = 30), de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (N = 15), and healthy donors (HDs) (N = 15) were enrolled. MDS patients were divided into lower-risk MDS (N = 15) and higher-risk MDS (N = 15) groups according to the dichotomization of the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System. Flow cytometry was performed to analyse the number of BM EPCs. Tube formation and migration assays were performed to evaluate the functions of BM EPCs. In order to assess the gene expression profiles of BM EPCs, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were performed. BM EPC supporting abilities of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), leukaemia cells and T cells were assessed by in vitro coculture experiments. Results Increased but dysfunctional BM EPCs were found in MDS patients compared with HDs, especially in patients with higher-risk MDS. RNA-seq indicated the progressive change and differences of haematopoiesis- and immune-related pathways and genes in MDS BM EPCs. In vitro coculture experiments verified that BM EPCs from HDs, lower-risk MDS, and higher-risk MDS to AML exhibited a progressively decreased ability to support HSCs, manifested as elevated apoptosis rates and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and decreased colony-forming unit plating efficiencies of HSCs. Moreover, BM EPCs from higher-risk MDS patients demonstrated an increased ability to support leukaemia cells, characterized by increased proliferation, leukaemia colony-forming unit plating efficiencies, decreased apoptosis rates and apoptosis-related genes. Furthermore, BM EPCs induced T cell differentiation towards more immune-tolerant cells in higher-risk MDS patients in vitro. In addition, the levels of intracellular ROS and the apoptosis ratios were increased in BM EPCs from MDS patients, especially in higher-risk MDS patients, which may be therapeutic candidates for MDS patients. Conclusion Our results suggest that dysfunctional BM EPCs are involved in MDS patients, which indicates that improving haematopoiesis supporting ability and immuneregulation ability of BM EPCs may represent a promising therapeutic approach for MDS patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03354-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xing
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Shi Lyu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Wen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Qian Tang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Kong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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14
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Richartz N, Pietka W, Gilljam KM, Skah S, Skålhegg BS, Bhagwat S, Naderi EH, Ruud E, Blomhoff HK. cAMP-Mediated Autophagy Promotes Cell Survival via ROS-Induced Activation of PARP1: Implications for Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 20:400-411. [PMID: 34880123 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
DNA-damaging therapy is the basis for treatment of most cancers, including B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL, hereafter ALL). We have previously shown that cAMP-activating factors present in the bone marrow render ALL cells less sensitive to DNA damage-induced apoptosis, by enhancing autophagy and suppressing p53. To sensitize ALL cells to DNA-damaging therapy, we have searched for novel targets that may counteract the effects induced by cAMP signaling. In the current study, we have identified PARP1 as a potential target. We show that the PARP1 inhibitors olaparib or PJ34 inhibit cAMP-mediated autophagy and thereby potentiate the DNA-damaging treatment. Furthermore, we reveal that cAMP-mediated PARP1 activation is preceded by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), both of which are autophagy-promoting events. Accordingly, we demonstrate that scavenging ROS by N-acetylcysteine and repleting NAD independently reduce DNA damage-induced autophagy. In addition, olaparib augmented the effect of DNA-damaging treatment in a human xenograft model of ALL in NOD-scidIL2Rgammanull mice. On the basis of the current findings, we suggest that PARP1 inhibitors may enhance the efficiency of conventional genotoxic therapies and thereby provide a novel treatment strategy for pediatric patients with ALL. IMPLICATIONS: PARP1 inhibitors augment the DNA damage-induced killing of ALL cells by limiting the opposing effects of cAMP-mediated autophagy, which involves ROS-induced PARP1 activation and depletion of cellular NAD levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Richartz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wojciech Pietka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin M Gilljam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Seham Skah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn S Skålhegg
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sampada Bhagwat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Hallan Naderi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Section of Head and Neck Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Ruud
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Kiil Blomhoff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Tosato G, Feng JX, Ohnuki H, Sim M. Bone marrow niches in myelodysplastic syndromes. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2021; 7. [PMID: 34746416 PMCID: PMC8570581 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2021.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic lesions within hematopoietic cell populations drive diverse hematological malignancies. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of myeloid neoplasms affecting the hematopoietic stem cells characterized by recurrent genetic abnormalities, myelodysplasia (a pathological definition of abnormal bone marrow structure), ineffective hematopoiesis resulting in blood cytopenia, and a propensity to evolve into acute myelogenous leukemia. Although there is evidence that the accumulation of a set of genetic mutations is an essential event in MDS, there is an increased appreciation of the contribution of specific microenvironments, niches, in the pathogenesis of MDS and response to treatment. In physiologic hematopoiesis, niches are critical functional units that maintain hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and regulate their maturation into mature blood cells. In MDS and other hematological malignancies, altered bone marrow niches can promote the survival and expansion of mutant hematopoietic clones and provide a shield from therapy. In this review, we focus on our understanding of the composition and function of hematopoietic niches and their role in the evolution of myeloid malignancies, with an emphasis on MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Tosato
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jing-Xin Feng
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Hidetaka Ohnuki
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Minji Sim
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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16
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Marchand T, Pinho S. Leukemic Stem Cells: From Leukemic Niche Biology to Treatment Opportunities. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775128. [PMID: 34721441 PMCID: PMC8554324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. While complete remission can be obtained with intensive chemotherapy in young and fit patients, relapse is frequent and prognosis remains poor. Leukemic cells are thought to arise from a pool of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) which sit at the top of the hierarchy. Since their discovery, more than 30 years ago, LSCs have been a topic of intense research and their identification paved the way for cancer stem cell research. LSCs are defined by their ability to self-renew, to engraft into recipient mice and to give rise to leukemia. Compared to healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), LSCs display specific mutations, epigenetic modifications, and a specific metabolic profile. LSCs are usually considered resistant to chemotherapy and are therefore the drivers of relapse. Similar to their HSC counterpart, LSCs reside in a highly specialized microenvironment referred to as the “niche”. Bidirectional interactions between leukemic cells and the microenvironment favor leukemic progression at the expense of healthy hematopoiesis. Within the niche, LSCs are thought to be protected from genotoxic insults. Improvement in our understanding of LSC gene expression profile and phenotype has led to the development of prognosis signatures and the identification of potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we will discuss LSC biology in the context of their specific microenvironment and how a better understanding of LSC niche biology could pave the way for new therapies that target AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Marchand
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1236, Rennes, France
| | - Sandra Pinho
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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17
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Banjanin B, Schneider RK. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Cellular Target in Myeloid Malignancy: Chances and Challenges in the Genome Editing of Stromal Alterations. Front Genome Ed 2021; 2:618308. [PMID: 34713241 PMCID: PMC8525402 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.618308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of bone marrow stromal cells to the pathogenesis and therapy response of myeloid malignancies has gained significant attention over the last decade. Evidence suggests that the bone marrow stroma should not be neglected in the design of novel, targeted-therapies. In terms of gene-editing, the focus of gene therapies has mainly been on correcting mutations in hematopoietic cells. Here, we outline why alterations in the stroma should also be taken into consideration in the design of novel therapeutic strategies but also outline the challenges in specifically targeting mesenchymal stromal cells in myeloid malignancies caused by somatic and germline mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella Banjanin
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Soto CA, Lo Celso C, Purton LE, Frisch BJ. From the niche to malignant hematopoiesis and back: reciprocal interactions between leukemia and the bone marrow microenvironment. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10516. [PMID: 34693187 PMCID: PMC8520063 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) regulates hematopoiesis through a complex network of cellular and molecular components. Hematologic malignancies reside within, and extensively interact with, the same BMME. These interactions consequently alter both malignant and benign hematopoiesis in multiple ways, and can encompass initiation of malignancy, support of malignant progression, resistance to chemotherapy, and loss of normal hematopoiesis. Herein, we will review supporting studies for interactions of the BMME with hematologic malignancies and discuss challenges still facing this exciting field of research. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia A. Soto
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Sir Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Louise E. Purton
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's HospitalThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Benjamin J. Frisch
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew YorkUSA
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19
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Wang J, Tu C, Zhang H, Huo Y, Menu E, Liu J. Single-cell analysis at the protein level delineates intracellular signaling dynamic during hematopoiesis. BMC Biol 2021; 19:201. [PMID: 34503511 PMCID: PMC8428103 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) subsets in mice have previously been studied using cell surface markers, and more recently single-cell technologies. The recent revolution of single-cell analysis is substantially transforming our understanding of hematopoiesis, confirming the substantial heterogeneity of cells composing the hematopoietic system. While dynamic molecular changes at the DNA/RNA level underlying hematopoiesis have been extensively explored, a broad understanding of single-cell heterogeneity in hematopoietic signaling programs and landscapes, studied at protein level and reflecting post-transcriptional processing, is still lacking. Here, we accurately quantified the intracellular levels of 9 phosphorylated and 2 functional proteins at the single-cell level to systemically capture the activation dynamics of 8 signaling pathways, including EGFR, Jak/Stat, NF-κB, MAPK/ERK1/2, MAPK/p38, PI3K/Akt, Wnt, and mTOR pathways, during mouse hematopoiesis using mass cytometry. RESULTS With fine-grained analyses of 3.2 million of single hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), and lineage cells in conjunction with multiparameter cellular phenotyping, we mapped trajectories of signaling programs during HSC differentiation and identified specific signaling biosignatures of cycling HSPC and multiple differentiation routes from stem cells to progenitor and lineage cells. We also investigated the recovery pattern of hematopoietic cell populations, as well as signaling regulation in these populations, during hematopoietic reconstruction. Overall, we found substantial heterogeneity of pathway activation within HSPC subsets, characterized by diverse patterns of signaling. CONCLUSIONS These comprehensive single-cell data provide a powerful insight into the intracellular signaling-regulated hematopoiesis and lay a solid foundation to dissect the nature of HSC fate decision. Future integration of transcriptomics and proteomics data, as well as functional validation, will be required to verify the heterogeneity in HSPC subsets during HSC differentiation and to identify robust markers to phenotype those HSPC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinheng Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China. .,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Chenggong Tu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yongliang Huo
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China. .,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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20
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Herrera SC, Sainz de la Maza D, Grmai L, Margolis S, Plessel R, Burel M, O'Connor M, Amoyel M, Bach EA. Proliferative stem cells maintain quiescence of their niche by secreting the Activin inhibitor Follistatin. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2284-2294.e6. [PMID: 34363758 PMCID: PMC8387025 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging causes stem cell dysfunction as a result of extrinsic and intrinsic changes. Decreased function of the stem cell niche is an important contributor to this dysfunction. We use the Drosophila testis to investigate what factors maintain niche cells. The testis niche comprises quiescent “hub” cells and supports two mitotic stem cell pools: germline stem cells and somatic cyst stem cells (CySCs). We identify the cell-cycle-responsive Dp/E2f1 transcription factor as a crucial non-autonomous regulator required in CySCs to maintain hub cell quiescence. Dp/E2f1 inhibits local Activin ligands through production of the Activin antagonist Follistatin (Fs). Inactivation of Dp/E2f1 or Fs in CySCs or promoting Activin receptor signaling in hub cells causes transdifferentiation of hub cells into fully functional CySCs. This Activin-dependent communication between CySCs and hub regulates the physiological decay of the niche with age and demonstrates that hub cell quiescence results from signals from surrounding stem cells. Dp/E2f1 is required in stem cells to non-autonomously maintain niche quiescence Dp/E2f1 promotes niche quiescence through Fs, an Activin antagonist Activin signaling in niche cells causes transdifferentiation into functional stem cells Fs in stem cells regulates the physiological decay of the niche with age
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador C Herrera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/JA, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Diego Sainz de la Maza
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lydia Grmai
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shally Margolis
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rebecca Plessel
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Burel
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael O'Connor
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marc Amoyel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Erika A Bach
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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21
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Fröbel J, Landspersky T, Percin G, Schreck C, Rahmig S, Ori A, Nowak D, Essers M, Waskow C, Oostendorp RAJ. The Hematopoietic Bone Marrow Niche Ecosystem. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:705410. [PMID: 34368155 PMCID: PMC8339972 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.705410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, also called the BM niche, is essential for the maintenance of fully functional blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) throughout life. Under physiologic conditions the niche protects hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from sustained or overstimulation. Acute or chronic stress deregulates hematopoiesis and some of these alterations occur indirectly via the niche. Effects on niche cells include skewing of its cellular composition, specific localization and molecular signals that differentially regulate the function of HSCs and their progeny. Importantly, while acute insults display only transient effects, repeated or chronic insults lead to sustained alterations of the niche, resulting in HSC deregulation. We here describe how changes in BM niche composition (ecosystem) and structure (remodeling) modulate activation of HSCs in situ. Current knowledge has revealed that upon chronic stimulation, BM remodeling is more extensive and otherwise quiescent HSCs may be lost due to diminished cellular maintenance processes, such as autophagy, ER stress response, and DNA repair. Features of aging in the BM ecology may be the consequence of intermittent stress responses, ultimately resulting in the degeneration of the supportive stem cell microenvironment. Both chronic stress and aging impair the functionality of HSCs and increase the overall susceptibility to development of diseases, including malignant transformation. To understand functional degeneration, an important prerequisite is to define distinguishing features of unperturbed niche homeostasis in different settings. A unique setting in this respect is xenotransplantation, in which human cells depend on niche factors produced by other species, some of which we will review. These insights should help to assess deviations from the steady state to actively protect and improve recovery of the niche ecosystem in situ to optimally sustain healthy hematopoiesis in experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fröbel
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Theresa Landspersky
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gülce Percin
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christina Schreck
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susann Rahmig
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Proteomics of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marieke Essers
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert A J Oostendorp
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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22
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Osswald L, Hamarsheh S, Uhl FM, Andrieux G, Klein C, Dierks C, Duquesne S, Braun LM, Schmitt-Graeff A, Duyster J, Boerries M, Brummer T, Zeiser R. Oncogenic KrasG12D Activation in the Nonhematopoietic Bone Marrow Microenvironment Causes Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Mice. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1596-1608. [PMID: 34088868 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) is key player in regulation and maintenance of hematopoiesis. Oncogenic RAS mutations, causing constitutive activation of multiple tumor-promoting pathways, are frequently found in human cancer. So far in hematologic malignancies, RAS mutations have only been reported to occur in hematopoietic cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of oncogenic Kras expression in the BMME in a chimeric mouse model. We observed that an activating mutation of Kras in the nonhematopoietic system leads to a phenotype resembling myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) characterized by peripheral cytopenia, marked dysplasia within the myeloid lineage as well as impaired proliferation and differentiation capacity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The phenotypic changes could be reverted when the BM was re-isolated and transferred into healthy recipients, indicating that the KrasG12D -activation in the nonhematopoietic BMME was essential for the MDS phenotype. Gene expression analysis of sorted nonhematopoietic BM niche cells from KrasG12D mice revealed upregulation of multiple inflammation-related genes including IL1-superfamily members (Il1α, Il1β, Il1f9) and the NLPR3 inflammasome. Thus, pro-inflammatory IL1-signaling in the BMME may contribute to MDS development. Our findings show that a single genetic change in the nonhematopoietic BMME can cause an MDS phenotype. Oncogenic Kras activation leads to pro-inflammatory signaling in the BMME which impairs HSPCs function. IMPLICATIONS: These findings may help to identify new therapeutic targets for MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Osswald
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shaima'a Hamarsheh
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Maria Uhl
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudius Klein
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dierks
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Duquesne
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas M Braun
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Cell interactions in the bone marrow microenvironment affecting myeloid malignancies. Blood Adv 2021; 4:3795-3803. [PMID: 32780848 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is a complex tissue in which heterogeneous populations of stromal cells interact with hematopoietic cells to dynamically respond to organismal needs in defense, hemostasis, and oxygen delivery. Physiologic challenges modify stromal/hematopoietic cell interactions to generate changes in blood cell production. When either stroma or hematopoietic cells are impaired, the system distorts. The distortions associated with myeloid malignancy are reviewed here and may provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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24
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Lichtenberger BM, Kasper M. Cellular heterogeneity and microenvironmental control of skin cancer. J Intern Med 2021; 289:614-628. [PMID: 32976658 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Healthy tissues harbour a surprisingly high number of cells that carry well-known cancer-causing mutations without impacting their physiological function. In recent years, strong evidence accumulated that the immediate environment of mutant cells profoundly impact their prospect of malignant progression. In this review, focusing on the skin, we investigate potential key mechanisms that ensure tissue homeostasis despite the presence of mutant cells, as well as critical factors that may nudge the balance from homeostasis to tumour formation. Functional in vivo studies and single-cell transcriptome analyses have revealed a tremendous cellular heterogeneity and plasticity within epidermal (stem) cells and their respective niches, revealing for example wild-type epithelial cells, fibroblasts or immune-cell subsets as critical in preventing cancer formation and malignant progression. It's the same cells, however, that can drive carcinogenesis. Therefore, understanding the abundance and molecular variation of cell types in health and disease, and how they interact and modulate the local signalling environment will thus be key for new therapeutic avenues in our battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Lichtenberger
- From the, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kasper
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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25
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Lodewijk I, Nunes SP, Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Dueñas M, Paramio JM. Tackling tumor microenvironment through epigenetic tools to improve cancer immunotherapy. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:63. [PMID: 33761971 PMCID: PMC7992805 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alterations are known contributors to cancer development and aggressiveness. Additional to alterations in cancer cells, aberrant epigenetic marks are present in cells of the tumor microenvironment, including lymphocytes and tumor-associated macrophages, which are often overlooked but known to be a contributing factor to a favorable environment for tumor growth. Therefore, the main aim of this review is to give an overview of the epigenetic alterations affecting immune cells in the tumor microenvironment to provoke an immunosuppressive function and contribute to cancer development. Moreover, immunotherapy is briefly discussed in the context of epigenetics, describing both its combination with epigenetic drugs and the need for epigenetic biomarkers to predict response to immune checkpoint blockage. MAIN BODY Combining both topics, epigenetic machinery plays a central role in generating an immunosuppressive environment for cancer growth, which creates a barrier for immunotherapy to be successful. Furthermore, epigenetic-directed compounds may not only affect cancer cells but also immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, which could be beneficial for the clinical response to immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Thus, modulating epigenetics in combination with immunotherapy might be a promising therapeutic option to improve the success of this therapy. Further studies are necessary to (1) understand in depth the impact of the epigenetic machinery in the tumor microenvironment; (2) how the epigenetic machinery can be modulated according to tumor type to increase response to immunotherapy and (3) find reliable biomarkers for a better selection of patients eligible to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lodewijk
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra P. Nunes
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group – Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group – Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar – University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group – Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar – University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Dueñas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Yin B, Ho LWC, Liu S, Hong H, Tian XY, Li H, Choi CHJ. Sub-10 nm Substrate Roughness Promotes the Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles by Upregulating Endocytosis-Related Genes. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1839-1847. [PMID: 33586442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanosubstrate engineering is an established approach for modulating cellular responses, but it remains infrequently exploited to facilitate the intracellular delivery of nanoparticles (NPs). We report nanoscale roughness of the extracellular environment as a critical parameter for regulating the cellular uptake of NPs. After seeding cells atop a substrate that contains randomly immobilized gold NPs (termed AuNP-S) with sub-10 nm surface roughness, we demonstrate that such cells internalize up to ∼100-fold more poly(ethylene glycol)-coated AuNPs (Au@PEG NPs) than those cells seeded on a conventional flat culture plate. Our result is generalizable to 4 different cell types and Au@PEG NPs modified with 13 different hydrocarbyl functional groups. Conditioning cells to AuNP-S not only leads to upregulation of clathrin- and integrin-related genes, but also supports elevated uptake of Au@PEG NPs via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our data suggest a simple and robust method for boosting the intracellular delivery of nanomedicines by nanosubstrate engineering.
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27
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Zhan H, Kaushansky K. The Hematopoietic Microenvironment in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: The Interplay Between Nature (Stem Cells) and Nurture (the Niche). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1273:135-145. [PMID: 33119879 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rely on instructive cues from the marrow microenvironment for their maintenance and function. Accumulating evidence indicates that the survival and proliferation of hematopoietic neoplasms are dependent not only on cell-intrinsic, genetic mutations, and other molecular alterations present within neoplastic stem cells, but also on the ability of the surrounding microenvironmental cells to nurture and promote the malignancy. It is anticipated that a better understanding of the molecular and cellular events responsible for these microenvironmental features of neoplastic hematopoiesis will lead to improved treatment for patients. This review will focus on the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), in which an acquired signaling kinase mutation (JAK2V617F) plays a central, pathogenetic role in 50-100% of patients with these disorders. Evidence is presented that the development of an MPN requires both an abnormal, mutation-bearing (i.e., neoplastic) HSC and an abnormal, mutation-bearing microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Zhan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA. .,Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA.
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28
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Huang S, Jin M, Su N, Chen L. New insights on the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:357-375. [PMID: 33051970 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone possesses a remarkable repair capacity to regenerate completely without scar tissue formation. This unique characteristic, expressed during bone development, maintenance and injury (fracture) healing, is performed by the reparative cells including skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and their descendants. However, the identity and functional roles of SSCs remain controversial due to technological difficulties and the heterogeneity and plasticity of SSCs. Moreover, for many years, there has been a biased view that bone marrow is the main cell source for bone repair. Together, these limitations have greatly hampered our understanding of these important cell populations and their potential applications in the treatment of fractures and skeletal diseases. Here, we reanalyse and summarize current understanding of the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair and outline recent progress in this area, with a particular emphasis on the temporal and spatial process of fracture healing, the sources of reparative cells, an updated definition of SSCs, and markers of skeletal stem/progenitor cells contributing to the repair of craniofacial and long bones, as well as the debate between SSCs and pericytes. Finally, we also discuss the existing problems, emerging novel technologies and future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
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29
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Csordás G, Grawe F, Uhlirova M. Eater cooperates with Multiplexin to drive the formation of hematopoietic compartments. eLife 2020; 9:57297. [PMID: 33026342 PMCID: PMC7541089 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood development in multicellular organisms relies on specific tissue microenvironments that nurture hematopoietic precursors and promote their self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. The mechanisms driving blood cell homing and their interactions with hematopoietic microenvironments remain poorly understood. Here, we use the Drosophila melanogaster model to reveal a pivotal role for basement membrane composition in the formation of hematopoietic compartments. We demonstrate that by modulating extracellular matrix components, the fly blood cells known as hemocytes can be relocated to tissue surfaces where they function similarly to their natural hematopoietic environment. We establish that the Collagen XV/XVIII ortholog Multiplexin in the tissue-basement membranes and the phagocytosis receptor Eater on the hemocytes physically interact and are necessary and sufficient to induce immune cell-tissue association. These results highlight the cooperation of Multiplexin and Eater as an integral part of a homing mechanism that specifies and maintains hematopoietic sites in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Csordás
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Grawe
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Molecular Cell Biology, Institute I for Anatomy, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mirka Uhlirova
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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30
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) interact with the stem cell niche bone marrow in different ways. Understanding the potentially unique microenvironmental regulation of LSCs is key to understanding in-vivo leukemogenic mechanisms and developing novel antileukemic therapies. RECENT FINDINGS When leukemic cells are engrafted in the stem cell niche, the cellular nature of the niche - including mesenchymal stromal cells - is reprogramed. Altered mesenchymal cells selectively support leukemic cells and reinforce the pro-leukemic environment. As the niche plays an active role in leukemogenesis, its remodeling may significantly influence the leukemogenic pattern, and cause differences in clinical prognosis. Notably, niche cells could be stimulated to revert to a pronormal/antileukemic state, creating potential for niche-based antileukemic therapy. SUMMARY Bone marrow microenvironments are under dynamic regulation for normal and leukemic cells, and there is bi-directional control of leukemic cells in the niche. Leukemic cells are both protected by stroma and able to reprogram stromal cells to transform the niche to a state, which reinforces leukemogenesis. Because of its dynamic nature, the niche could be converted to an environment with antileukemic properties, making it an attractive target for therapy.
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31
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Lutzmann M, Bernex F, da Costa de Jesus C, Hodroj D, Marty C, Plo I, Vainchenker W, Tosolini M, Forichon L, Bret C, Queille S, Marchive C, Hoffmann JS, Méchali M. MCM8- and MCM9 Deficiencies Cause Lifelong Increased Hematopoietic DNA Damage Driving p53-Dependent Myeloid Tumors. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2851-2865.e4. [PMID: 31509747 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is particularly sensitive to DNA damage. Myeloid tumor incidence increases in patients with DNA repair defects and after chemotherapy. It is not known why hematopoietic cells are highly vulnerable to DNA damage. Addressing this question is complicated by the paucity of mouse models of hematopoietic malignancies due to defective DNA repair. We show that DNA repair-deficient Mcm8- and Mcm9-knockout mice develop myeloid tumors, phenocopying prevalent myelodysplastic syndromes. We demonstrate that these tumors are preceded by a lifelong DNA damage burden in bone marrow and that they acquire proliferative capacity by suppressing signaling of the tumor suppressor and cell cycle controller RB, as often seen in patients. Finally, we found that absence of MCM9 and the tumor suppressor Tp53 switches tumorigenesis to lymphoid tumors without precedent myeloid malignancy. Our results demonstrate that MCM8/9 deficiency drives myeloid tumor development and establishes a DNA damage burdened mouse model for hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Lutzmann
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, CRCT, 2, Avenue Hubert Curien, 31100 Toulouse, France; Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS-University of Montpellier, 141, Rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France.
| | - Florence Bernex
- Histological Facility RHEM, IRCM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Dana Hodroj
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, CRCT, 2, Avenue Hubert Curien, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- Histological Facility RHEM, IRCM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM, UMR 1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - William Vainchenker
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM, UMR 1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Tosolini
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, CRCT, 2, Avenue Hubert Curien, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Forichon
- Animal House Facility, BioCampus Montpellier, UMS3426 CNRS-US009 INSERM-UM, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Bret
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital St Eloi, 80 Ave Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Queille
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, CRCT, 2, Avenue Hubert Curien, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Candice Marchive
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS-University of Montpellier, 141, Rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marcel Méchali
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, DNA Replication and Genome Dynamics, 141, Rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France; Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS-University of Montpellier, 141, Rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France.
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32
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Jutzi JS, Mullally A. Remodeling the Bone Marrow Microenvironment - A Proposal for Targeting Pro-inflammatory Contributors in MPN. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2093. [PMID: 32983162 PMCID: PMC7489333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are malignant bone marrow (BM) disorders, typically arising from a single somatically mutated hematopoietic stem cell. The most commonly mutated genes, JAK2, CALR, and MPL lead to constitutively active JAK-STAT signaling. Common clinical features include myeloproliferation, splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms. This review covers the contributions of cellular components of MPN pathology (e.g., monocytes, megakaryocytes, and mesenchymal stromal cells) as well as cytokines and soluble mediators to the development of myelofibrosis (MF) and highlights recent therapeutic advances. These findings outline the importance of malignant and non-malignant BM constituents to the pathogenesis and treatment of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Samuel Jutzi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
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33
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Clara-Trujillo S, Gallego Ferrer G, Gómez Ribelles JL. In Vitro Modeling of Non-Solid Tumors: How Far Can Tissue Engineering Go? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5747. [PMID: 32796596 PMCID: PMC7460836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In hematological malignancies, leukemias or myelomas, malignant cells present bone marrow (BM) homing, in which the niche contributes to tumor development and drug resistance. BM architecture, cellular and molecular composition and interactions define differential microenvironments that govern cell fate under physiological and pathological conditions and serve as a reference for the native biological landscape to be replicated in engineered platforms attempting to reproduce blood cancer behavior. This review summarizes the different models used to efficiently reproduce certain aspects of BM in vitro; however, they still lack the complexity of this tissue, which is relevant for fundamental aspects such as drug resistance development in multiple myeloma. Extracellular matrix composition, material topography, vascularization, cellular composition or stemness vs. differentiation balance are discussed as variables that could be rationally defined in tissue engineering approaches for achieving more relevant in vitro models. Fully humanized platforms closely resembling natural interactions still remain challenging and the question of to what extent accurate tissue complexity reproduction is essential to reliably predict drug responses is controversial. However, the contributions of these approaches to the fundamental knowledge of non-solid tumor biology, its regulation by niches, and the advance of personalized medicine are unquestionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Clara-Trujillo
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.G.F.); (J.L.G.R.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Gallego Ferrer
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.G.F.); (J.L.G.R.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.G.F.); (J.L.G.R.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Teodorescu P, Pasca S, Dima D, Tomuleasa C, Ghiaur G. Targeting the Microenvironment in MDS: The Final Frontier. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1044. [PMID: 32742264 PMCID: PMC7364152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of malignant disorders of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), mainly characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis leading to peripheral cytopenias and progressive bone marrow failure. While clonal dominance is nearly universal at diagnosis, most genetic mutations identified in patients with MDS do not provide a conspicuous advantage to the malignant cells. In this context, malignant cells alter their adjacent bone marrow microenvironment (BME) and rely on cell extrinsic factors to maintain clonal dominance. The profoundly disturbed BME favors the myelodysplastic cells and, most importantly is detrimental to normal hematopoietic cells. Thus, the MDS microenvironment not only contributes to the observed cytopenias seen in these patients but could also negatively impact the engraftment of normal, allogeneic HSPCs in patients with MDS undergoing bone marrow transplant. Therefore, successful therapies in MDS should not only target the malignant cells but also reprogram their bone marrow microenvironment. Here, we will provide a synopsis of how drugs currently used or on the verge of being approved for the treatment of MDS may achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Teodorescu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hategan University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hategan University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hategan University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hategan University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Sen T, Jain M, Gram M, Mattebo A, Soneji S, Walkley CR, Singbrant S. Enhancing mitochondrial function in vivo rescues MDS-like anemia induced by pRb deficiency. Exp Hematol 2020; 88:28-41. [PMID: 32629063 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is intimately coupled to cell division, and deletion of the cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein (pRb) causes anemia in mice. Erythroid-specific deletion of pRb has been found to result in inefficient erythropoiesis because of deregulated coordination of cell cycle exit and mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the pathophysiology remains to be fully described, and further characterization of the link between cell cycle regulation and mitochondrial function is needed. To this end we further assessed conditional erythroid-specific deletion of pRb. This resulted in macrocytic anemia, despite elevated levels of erythropoietin (Epo), and an accumulation of erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow, a phenotype strongly resembling refractory anemia associated with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Using high-fractionation fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis for improved phenotypic characterization, we illustrate that erythroid differentiation was disrupted at the orthochromatic stage. Transcriptional profiling of sequential purified populations revealed failure to upregulate genes critical for mitochondrial function such as Pgc1β, Alas2, and Abcb7 specifically at the block, together with disturbed heme production and iron transport. Notably, deregulated ABCB7 causes ring sideroblastic anemia in MDS patients, and the mitochondrial co-activator PGC1β is heterozygously lost in del5q MDS. Importantly, the anemia could be rescued through enhanced PPAR signaling in vivo via either overexpression of Pgc1β or bezafibrate administration. In conclusion, lack of pRb results in MDS-like anemia with disrupted differentiation and impaired mitochondrial function at the orthochromatic erythroblast stage. Our findings reveal for the first time a role for pRb in heme and iron regulation, and indicate that pRb-induced anemia can be rescued in vivo through therapeutic enhancement of PPAR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Sen
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mayur Jain
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Mattebo
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Sofie Singbrant
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of germline mutations as they contribute to leukemia development and progression. We also discuss how these new insights may help improve clinical management of germline mutations associated with leukemia. RECENT FINDINGS Germline mutations may represent important initial mutations in the development of leukemia where interaction with somatic mutations provide further hits in leukemic progression. In addition, germline mutations may also contribute to leukemogenesis by impacting bone marrow stem-cell microenvironment and immune cell development and function. SUMMARY Leukemia is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant cells secondary to somatic or germline mutations in a variety of genes. Understanding somatic mutations that drive leukemogenesis has drastically improved our knowledge of leukemia biology and led to novel therapeutic strategies. Advances have also been made in identifying germline mutations that may affect leukemic development and progression. This review will discuss the biological and clinical relationship of germline mutations with clonal hematopoiesis, bone marrow microenvironment, and immunity in the progression of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chen
- Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rafi Kazi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Christopher C. Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Méndez-Ferrer S, Bonnet D, Steensma DP, Hasserjian RP, Ghobrial IM, Gribben JG, Andreeff M, Krause DS. Bone marrow niches in haematological malignancies. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:285-298. [PMID: 32112045 PMCID: PMC9912977 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Haematological malignancies were previously thought to be driven solely by genetic or epigenetic lesions within haematopoietic cells. However, the niches that maintain and regulate daily production of blood and immune cells are now increasingly being recognized as having an important role in the pathogenesis and chemoresistance of haematological malignancies. Within haematopoietic cells, the accumulation of a small number of recurrent mutations initiates malignancy. Concomitantly, specific alterations of the niches, which support haematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, can act as predisposition events, facilitating mutant haematopoietic cell survival and expansion as well as contributing to malignancy progression and providing protection of malignant cells from chemotherapy, ultimately leading to relapse. In this Perspective, we summarize our current understanding of the composition and function of the specialized haematopoietic niches of the bone marrow during health and disease. We discuss disease mechanisms (rather than malignancy subtypes) to provide a comprehensive description of key niche-associated pathways that are shared across multiple haematological malignancies. These mechanisms include primary driver mutations in bone marrow niche cells, changes associated with increased hypoxia, angiogenesis and inflammation as well as metabolic reprogramming by stromal niche cells. Consequently, remodelling of bone marrow niches can facilitate immune evasion and activation of survival pathways favouring malignant haematopoietic cell maintenance, defence against excessive reactive oxygen species and protection from chemotherapy. Lastly, we suggest guidelines for the handling and biobanking of patient samples and analysis of the niche to ensure that basic research identifying therapeutic targets can be more efficiently translated to the clinic. The hope is that integrating knowledge of how bone marrow niches contribute to haematological disease predisposition, initiation, progression and response to therapy into future clinical practice will likely improve the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - David P Steensma
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Center for Prevention of Progression of Blood Cancers, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert P Hasserjian
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Center for Prevention of Progression of Blood Cancers, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John G Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniela S Krause
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Infantile Myelofibrosis and Myeloproliferation with CDC42 Dysfunction. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:554-566. [PMID: 32303876 PMCID: PMC7253386 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies of genetic blood disorders have advanced our understanding of the intrinsic regulation of hematopoiesis. However, such genetic studies have only yielded limited insights into how interactions between hematopoietic cells and their microenvironment are regulated. Here, we describe two affected siblings with infantile myelofibrosis and myeloproliferation that share a common de novo mutation in the Rho GTPase CDC42 (Chr1:22417990:C>T, p.R186C) due to paternal germline mosaicism. Functional studies using human cells and flies demonstrate that this CDC42 mutant has altered activity and thereby disrupts interactions between hematopoietic progenitors and key tissue microenvironmental factors. These findings suggest that further investigation of this and other related disorders may provide insights into how hematopoietic cell-microenvironment interactions play a role in human health and can be disrupted in disease. In addition, we suggest that deregulation of CDC42 may underlie more common blood disorders, such as primary myelofibrosis.
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39
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Al-Sharea A, Lee MKS, Purton LE, Hawkins ED, Murphy AJ. The haematopoietic stem cell niche: a new player in cardiovascular disease? Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:277-291. [PMID: 30590405 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoiesis, the process of blood production, can be altered during the initiation or progression of many diseases. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been shown to be heavily influenced by changes to the haematopoietic system, including the types and abundance of immune cells produced. It is now well established that innate immune cells are increased in people with CVD, and the mechanisms contributing to this can be vastly different depending on the risk factors or comorbidities present. Many of these changes begin at the level of the haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that reside in the bone marrow (BM). In general, the HSPCs and downstream myeloid progenitors are expanded via increased proliferation in the setting of atherosclerotic CVD. However, HSPCs can also be encouraged to leave the BM and colonise extramedullary sites (i.e. the spleen). Within the BM, HSPCs reside in specialized microenvironments, often referred to as a niche. To date in depth studies assessing the damage or dysregulation that occurs in the BM niche in varying CVDs are scarce. In this review, we provide a general overview of the complex components and interactions within the BM niche and how they influence the function of HSPCs. Additionally, we discuss the main findings regarding changes in the HSPC niche that influence the progression of CVD. We hypothesize that understanding the influence of the BM niche in CVD will aid in delineating new pathways for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annas Al-Sharea
- Division of Immunometabolism, Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Man Kit Sam Lee
- Division of Immunometabolism, Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Edwin D Hawkins
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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40
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Pinho S, Frenette PS. Haematopoietic stem cell activity and interactions with the niche. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 20:303-320. [PMID: 30745579 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) microenvironment in the bone marrow, termed the niche, ensures haematopoietic homeostasis by controlling the proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation and migration of HSCs and progenitor cells at steady state and in response to emergencies and injury. Improved methods for HSC isolation, driven by advances in single-cell and molecular technologies, have led to a better understanding of their behaviour, heterogeneity and lineage fate and of the niche cells and signals that regulate their function. Niche regulatory signals can be in the form of cell-bound or secreted factors and other local physical cues. A combination of technological advances in bone marrow imaging and genetic manipulation of crucial regulatory factors has enabled the identification of several candidate cell types regulating the niche, including both non-haematopoietic (for example, perivascular mesenchymal stem and endothelial cells) and HSC-derived (for example, megakaryocytes, macrophages and regulatory T cells), with better topographical understanding of HSC localization in the bone marrow. Here, we review advances in our understanding of HSC regulation by niches during homeostasis, ageing and cancer, and we discuss their implications for the development of therapies to rejuvenate aged HSCs or niches or to disrupt self-reinforcing malignant niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pinho
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
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41
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Witkowski MT, Kousteni S, Aifantis I. Mapping and targeting of the leukemic microenvironment. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20190589. [PMID: 31873722 PMCID: PMC7041707 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies support a role of the microenvironment in maintenance of the leukemic clone, as well as in treatment resistance. It is clear that disruption of the normal bone marrow microenvironment is sufficient to promote leukemic transformation and survival in both a cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous manner. In this review, we provide a snapshot of the various cell types shown to contribute to the leukemic microenvironment as well as treatment resistance. Several of these studies suggest that leukemic blasts occupy specific cellular and biochemical "niches." Effective dissection of critical leukemic niche components using single-cell approaches has allowed a more precise and extensive characterization of complexity that underpins both the healthy and malignant bone marrow microenvironment. Knowledge gained from these observations can have an important impact in the development of microenvironment-directed targeted approaches aimed at mitigating disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Witkowski
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Stavroula Kousteni
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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42
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Li Y, Xue Z, Dong X, Liu Q, Liu Z, Li H, Xing H, Xu Y, Tang K, Tian Z, Wang M, Rao Q, Wang J. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in bone marrow stromal cells induced by daunorubicin leads to DNA damage in hematopoietic cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:211-221. [PMID: 31706989 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapies could cause the dysregulation of hematopoiesis and even put patients at increased risk of hematopoietic malignancy. Therapy-related leukemia is mainly caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced genetic mutations in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). In addition to the intrinsic mechanism, some extrinsic events occurring in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment are also possible mechanisms involved in genetic alteration. In the present study, we investigated the damage to BM stromal cells induced by a chemotherapy drug, daunorubicin (DNR) and further identified the DNA damage in hematopoietic cells caused by drug-treated stromal cells. It was found that treatment with DNR in mice caused a temporary reduction in cell number in each BM stromal cell subpopulation and the impairment of clonal growth potential in BM stromal cells. DNR treatment led to a tendency of senescence, generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, production of cytokines and chemokines, and dysfunction of mitochondrial in stromal cells. Transcriptome microarray data and gene ontology (GO) or gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that differentially expressed genes that were down-regulated in response to DNR treatment were significantly enriched in mitochondrion function, and negative regulators of reactive oxygen species. Surprisingly, it was found that DNR-treated stromal cells secreted high levels of H2O2 into the culture supernatant. Furthermore, coculture of hematopoietic cells with DNR-treated stromal cells led to the accumulation of DNA damage as determined by the levels of histone H2AX phosphorylation and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in hematopoietic cells. Overall, our results suggest that DNR-induced BM stromal cell damage can lead to genomic instability in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Zhenya Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Xuanjia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China.
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China.
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43
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Cardoso BA. The Bone Marrow Niche - The Tumor Microenvironment That Ensures Leukemia Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:259-293. [PMID: 32130704 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human body requires a constant delivery of fresh blood cells that are needed to maintain body homeostasis. Hematopoiesis is the process that drives the formation of new blood cells from a single stem cell. This is a complex, orchestrated and tightly regulated process that occurs within the bone marrow. When such process is faulty or deregulated, leukemia arises, develops and thrives by subverting normal hematopoiesis and availing the supplies of this rich milieu.In this book chapter we will describe and characterize the bone marrow microenvironment and its key importance for leukemia expansion. The several components of the bone marrow niche, their interaction with the leukemic cells and the cellular pathways activated within the malignant cells will be emphasized. Finally, novel therapeutic strategies to target this sibling interaction will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno António Cardoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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44
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Ulyanova T, Georgolopoulos G, Papayannopoulou T. Reappraising the role of α5 integrin and the microenvironmental support in stress erythropoiesis. Exp Hematol 2019; 81:16-31.e4. [PMID: 31887343 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously studied the role of β1 integrin and some of its different α partners relevant to erythropoiesis. Although clear and consistent answers regarding the role of α4β1 (VLA-4) were evident, the role of its companion integrin α5β1 (VLA-5) was clouded by inconsistent outcomes in all prior publications. Furthermore, the functional consequences of integrin deficiencies only in microenvironmental (ME) cells supporting erythroid cell expansion and maturation post stress have never been explored. In the study described here, we created several additional mouse models in the aim of addressing unanswered questions regarding functional consequences of single or combined integrin deficiencies in erythroid cells or only in ME supporting cells. Our novel and expansive data solidified the intrinsic requirement of both α4 and α5 integrins in erythroid cells for their proliferative expansion and maturation in response to stress; α5 integrin alone, deleted either early in all hematopoietic cells or only in erythroid cell, has only a redundant role in proliferative expansion and is dispensable for erythroid maturation. By contrast, α4 integrin, on its own, exerts a dominant effect on timely and optimal erythroid maturation. Deficiency of both α4 and α5 integrins in ME cells, including macrophages, does not negatively influence stress response by normal erythroid cells, in great contrast to the effect of ME cells deficient in all β1 integrins. Collectively the present data offer deeper insight into the coordination of different β1 integrin functional activities in erythroid cells or in ME cells for optimal erythroid stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Ulyanova
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Thalia Papayannopoulou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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45
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Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Novel Target to Optimize Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Protocols in Hematological Malignancies and Rare Genetic Disorders. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010002. [PMID: 31861268 PMCID: PMC7019991 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are crucial elements in the bone marrow (BM) niche where they provide physical support and secrete soluble factors to control and maintain hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). Given their role in the BM niche and HSPC support, MSCs have been employed in the clinical setting to expand ex-vivo HSPCs, as well as to facilitate HSPC engraftment in vivo. Specific alterations in the mesenchymal compartment have been described in hematological malignancies, as well as in rare genetic disorders, diseases that are amenable to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and ex-vivo HSPC-gene therapy (HSC-GT). Dissecting the in vivo function of human MSCs and studying their biological and functional properties in these diseases is a critical requirement to optimize transplantation outcomes. In this review, the role of MSCs in the orchestration of the BM niche will be revised, and alterations in the mesenchymal compartment in specific disorders will be discussed, focusing on the need to correct and restore a proper microenvironment to ameliorate transplantation procedures, and more in general disease outcomes.
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46
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Zingariello M, Martelli F, Verachi P, Bardelli C, Gobbo F, Mazzarini M, Migliaccio AR. Novel targets to cure primary myelofibrosis from studies on Gata1 low mice. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:131-141. [PMID: 31749302 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2002, we discovered that mice carrying the hypomorphic Gata1low mutation that reduces expression of the transcription factor GATA1 in megakaryocytes (Gata1low mice) develop myelofibrosis, a phenotype that recapitulates the features of primary myelofibrosis (PMF), the most severe of the Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). At that time, this discovery had a great impact on the field because mutations driving the development of PMF had yet to be discovered. Later studies identified that PMF, as the others MPNs, is associated with mutations activating the thrombopoietin/JAK2 axis raising great hope that JAK inhibitors may be effective to treat the disease. Unfortunately, ruxolitinib, the JAK1/2 inhibitor approved by FDA and EMEA for PMF, ameliorates symptoms but does not improve the natural course of the disease, and the cure of PMF is still an unmet clinical need. Although GATA1 is not mutated in PMF, reduced GATA1 content in megakaryocytes as a consequence of ribosomal deficiency is a hallmark of myelofibrosis (both in humans and mouse models) and, in fact, a driving event in the disease. Conversely, mice carrying the hypomorphic Gata1low mutation express an activated TPO/JAK2 pathway and partially respond to JAK inhibitors in a fashion similar to PMF patients (reduction of spleen size but limited improvement of the natural history of the disease). These observations cross-validated Gata1low mice as a bona fide animal model for PMF and prompted the use of this model to identify abnormalities that might be targeted to cure the disease. We will summarize here data generated in Gata1low mice indicating that the TGF-β/P-selectin axis is abnormal in PMF and represents a novel target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zingariello
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Verachi
- Department of Biological and Neurobiological Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Bardelli
- Department of Biological and Neurobiological Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Biological and Neurobiological Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Mazzarini
- Department of Biological and Neurobiological Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Department of Biological and Neurobiological Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research Consortium, New York, New York
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Hochstetler CL, Feng Y, Sacma M, Davis AK, Rao M, Kuan CY, You LR, Geiger H, Zheng Y. KRas G12D expression in the bone marrow vascular niche affects hematopoiesis with inflammatory signals. Exp Hematol 2019; 79:3-15.e4. [PMID: 31669153 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) niche is an important milieu where hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are maintained. Previous studies have indicated that genetic mutations in various components of the niche can affect hematopoiesis and promote hematologic abnormalities, but the impact of abnormal BM endothelial cells (BMECs), a crucial niche component, on hematopoiesis remains incompletely understood. To dissect how genetic alterations in BMECs could affect hematopoiesis, we have employed a novel inducible Tie2-CreERT2 mouse model, with a tdTomato fluorescent reporter, to introduce an oncogenic KRasG12D mutation specifically in the adult endothelial cells. Tie2-CreERT2;KRasG12D mice had significantly more leukocytes and myeloid cells in the blood with mostly normal BM HSPC populations and developed splenomegaly. Genotyping polymerase chain reaction revealed KRasG12D activation in BMECs but not hematopoietic cells, confirming that the phenotype is due to the aberrant BMECs. Competitive transplant assays revealed that BM cells from the KRasG12D mice contained significantly fewer functional hematopoietic stem cells, and immunofluorescence imaging showed that the hematopoietic stem cells in the mutant mice were localized farther away from BM vasculature and closer to the endosteal area. RNA sequencing analyses found an inflammatory gene network, especially tumor necrosis factor α, as a possible contributor. Together, our results implicate an abnormal endothelial niche in compromising normal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Hochstetler
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yuxin Feng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mehmet Sacma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ashley K Davis
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mahil Rao
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Chia-Yi Kuan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Li-Ru You
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Castillo-Tandazo W, Mutsaers AJ, Walkley CR. Osteosarcoma in the Post Genome Era: Preclinical Models and Approaches to Identify Tractable Therapeutic Targets. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:343-352. [PMID: 31529263 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common cancer of bone, yet is classified as a rare cancer. Treatment and outcomes for OS have not substantively changed in several decades. While the decoding of the OS genome greatly advanced the understanding of the mutational landscape of OS, immediately actionable therapeutic targets were not apparent. Here we describe recent preclinical models that can be leveraged to identify, test, and prioritize therapeutic candidates. RECENT FINDINGS The generation of multiple high fidelity murine models of OS, the spontaneous disease that arises in pet dogs, and the establishment of a diverse collection of patient-derived OS xenografts provide a robust preclinical platform for OS. These models enable evidence to be accumulated across multiple stages of preclinical evaluation. Chemical and genetic screening has identified therapeutic targets, often demonstrating cross species activity. Clinical trials in both PDX models and in canine OS have effectively tested new therapies for prioritization. Improving clinical outcomes in OS has proven elusive. The integrated target discovery and testing possible through a cross species platform provides validation of a putative target and may enable the rigorous evaluation of new therapies in models where endpoints can be rapidly assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Castillo-Tandazo
- St. Vincent's Institute, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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Lee CC, Hirasawa N, Garcia KG, Ramanathan D, Kim KD. Stem and progenitor cell microenvironment for bone regeneration and repair. Regen Med 2019; 14:693-702. [PMID: 31393221 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells reside in their native microenvironment, which provides dynamic physical and chemical cues essential to their survival, proliferation and function. A typical cell-based therapeutic approach requires the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to depart their native microenvironment, transplant to in-vivo environment, differentiate toward multiple lineages and participate in bone formation. The long-term survival, function and fate of MSC are dependent on the microenvironment in which they are transplanted. Transplantation of morselized autologous bone, which contains both stem cells and their native microenvironment, results in a good clinical outcome. However, implantation of bone graft substitutes does not provide the complete and dynamic microenvironment for MSC. Current bone graft therapeutics may need to be improved further to provide an optimal engineered MSC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Lee
- Department of Cell Biology & Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dinesh Ramanathan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kee D Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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50
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Pioli PD, Casero D, Montecino-Rodriguez E, Morrison SL, Dorshkind K. Plasma Cells Are Obligate Effectors of Enhanced Myelopoiesis in Aging Bone Marrow. Immunity 2019; 51:351-366.e6. [PMID: 31303400 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging results in increased myelopoiesis, which is linked to the increased incidence of myeloid leukemias and production of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Here, we examined the contribution of plasma cells (PCs) to age-related increases in myelopoiesis, as PCs exhibit immune regulatory function and sequester in bone marrow (BM). PC number was increased in old BM, and they exhibited high expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and pathogen sensors. Antibody-mediated depletion of PCs from old mice reduced the number of myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells and mature myeloid cells to levels in young animals, but lymphopoiesis was not rejuvenated, indicating that redundant mechanisms inhibit that process. PCs also regulated the production of inflammatory factors from BM stromal cells, and disruption of the PC-stromal cell circuitry with inhibitors of the cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α attenuated myelopoiesis in old mice. Thus, the age-related increase in myelopoiesis is driven by an inflammatory network orchestrated by PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Pioli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David Casero
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Sherie L Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kenneth Dorshkind
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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