1
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Maake R, Achilonu I. Expression, Purification and Biophysical Characterisation of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Protein Adenylyltransferase: A Systematic Integration of Empirical and Computational Modelling Approaches. Protein J 2024; 43:751-770. [PMID: 38981945 PMCID: PMC11345332 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Infections that are acquired due to a prolonged hospital stay and manifest 2 days following the admission of a patient to a health-care institution can be classified as hospital-acquired infections. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) has become a critical pathogen, posing serious concern globally due to the rising incidences of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant strains. Glutaredoxin is a redox protein that protects cells from oxidative stress as it associates with glutathione to reduce mixed disulfides. Protein adenylyltransferase (PrAT) is a pseudokinase with a proposed mechanism of transferring an AMP group from ATP to glutaredoxin. Inducing oxidative stress to the bacterium by inhibiting the activity of PrAT is a promising approach to combating its contribution to hospital-acquired infections. Thus, this study aims to overexpress, purify, and analyse the effects of ATP and Mg2+ binding to Klebsiella pneumoniae PrAT (KpPrAT). The pET expression system and nickel affinity chromatography were effective in expressing and purifying KpPrAT. Far-UV CD spectroscopy demonstrates that the protein is predominantly α-helical, even in the presence of Mg2+. Extrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy with ANS indicates the presence of a hydrophobic pocket in the presence of ATP and Mg2+, while mant-ATP studies allude to the potential nucleotide binding ability of KpPrAT. The presence of Mg2+ increases the thermostability of the protein. Isothermal titration calorimetry provides insight into the binding affinity and thermodynamic parameters associated with the binding of ATP to KpPrAT, with or without Mg2+. Conclusively, the presence of Mg2+ induces a conformation in KpPrAT that favours nucleotide binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reabetswe Maake
- Protein Structure‑Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- Protein Structure‑Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
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2
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Chatterjee BK, Alam M, Chakravorty A, Lacy SM, Rech J, Brooks CL, Arvan PD, Truttmann MC. Small molecule FICD inhibitors suppress endogenous and pathologic FICD-mediated protein AMPylation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.13.603377. [PMID: 39071275 PMCID: PMC11275912 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.13.603377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The AMP transferase, FICD, is an emerging drug target finetuning stress signaling in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). FICD is a bi-functional enzyme, catalyzing both AMP addition (AMPylation) and removal (deAMPylation) from the ER resident chaperone BiP/GRP78. Despite increasing evidence linking excessive BiP/GRP78 AMPylation to human diseases, small molecules to inhibit pathogenic FICD variants are lacking. Using an in-vitro high-throughput screen, we identify two small-molecule FICD inhibitors, C22 and C73. Both molecules significantly inhibit FICD-mediated BiP/GRP78 AMPylation in intact cells while only weakly inhibiting BiP/GRP78 deAMPylation. C22 and C73 also efficiently inhibit pathogenic FICD variants and improve proinsulin processing in β cells. Our study identifies and validates FICD inhibitors, highlighting a novel therapeutic avenue against pathologic protein AMPylation.
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3
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Fu J, Li S, Guan H, Li C, Zhao YB, Chen TT, Xian W, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Guan Q, Wang J, Lu Q, Kang L, Zheng SR, Li J, Cao S, Das C, Liu X, Song L, Ouyang S, Luo ZQ. Legionella maintains host cell ubiquitin homeostasis by effectors with unique catalytic mechanisms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5953. [PMID: 39009586 PMCID: PMC11251166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila modulates host cell functions by secreting multiple effectors with diverse biochemical activities. In particular, effectors of the SidE family interfere with host protein ubiquitination in a process that involves production of phosphoribosyl ubiquitin (PR-Ub). Here, we show that effector LnaB converts PR-Ub into ADP-ribosylated ubiquitin, which is further processed to ADP-ribose and functional ubiquitin by the (ADP-ribosyl)hydrolase MavL, thus maintaining ubiquitin homeostasis in infected cells. Upon being activated by actin, LnaB also undergoes self-AMPylation on tyrosine residues. The activity of LnaB requires a motif consisting of Ser, His and Glu (SHxxxE) present in a large family of toxins from diverse bacterial pathogens. Thus, our study sheds light on the mechanisms by which a pathogen maintains ubiquitin homeostasis and identifies a family of enzymes capable of protein AMPylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongxin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions of Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yan-Bo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions of Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao-Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions of Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Xian
- Department of Microbiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengrui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Qingtian Guan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions of Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions of Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lina Kang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions of Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Si-Ru Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions of Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shoujing Cao
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chittaranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Songying Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions of Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Zhao-Qing Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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4
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Lyons PJ. Inactive metallopeptidase homologs: the secret lives of pseudopeptidases. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1436917. [PMID: 39050735 PMCID: PMC11266112 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1436917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inactive enzyme homologs, or pseudoenzymes, are proteins, found within most enzyme families, that are incapable of performing catalysis. Rather than catalysis, they are involved in protein-protein interactions, sometimes regulating the activity of their active enzyme cousins, or scaffolding protein complexes. Pseudoenzymes found within metallopeptidase families likewise perform these functions. Pseudoenzymes within the M14 carboxypeptidase family interact with collagens within the extracellular space, while pseudopeptidase members of the M12 "a disintegrin and metalloprotease" (ADAM) family either discard their pseudopeptidase domains as unnecessary for their roles in sperm maturation or utilize surface loops to enable assembly of key complexes at neuronal synapses. Other metallopeptidase families contain pseudopeptidases involved in protein synthesis at the ribosome and protein import into organelles, sometimes using their pseudo-active sites for these interactions. Although the functions of these pseudopeptidases have been challenging to study, ongoing work is teasing out the secret lives of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Lyons
- Department of Biology, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI, United States
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Masanta S, Wiesyk A, Panja C, Pilch S, Ciesla J, Sipko M, De A, Enkhbaatar T, Maslanka R, Skoneczna A, Kucharczyk R. Fmp40 ampylase regulates cell survival upon oxidative stress by controlling Prx1 and Trx3 oxidation. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103201. [PMID: 38795545 PMCID: PMC11140801 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), play important roles in cellular signaling, nonetheless are toxic at higher concentrations. Cells have many interconnected, overlapped or backup systems to neutralize ROS, but their regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal an essential role for mitochondrial AMPylase Fmp40 from budding yeast in regulating the redox states of the mitochondrial 1-Cys peroxiredoxin Prx1, which is the only protein shown to neutralize H2O2 with the oxidation of the mitochondrial glutathione and the thioredoxin Trx3, directly involved in the reduction of Prx1. Deletion of FMP40 impacts a cellular response to H2O2 treatment that leads to programmed cell death (PCD) induction and an adaptive response involving up or down regulation of genes encoding, among others the catalase Cta1, PCD inducing factor Aif1, and mitochondrial redoxins Trx3 and Grx2. This ultimately perturbs the reduced glutathione and NADPH cellular pools. We further demonstrated that Fmp40 AMPylates Prx1, Trx3, and Grx2 in vitro and interacts with Trx3 in vivo. AMPylation of the threonine residue 66 in Trx3 is essential for this protein's proper endogenous level and its precursor forms' maturation under oxidative stress conditions. Additionally, we showed the Grx2 involvement in the reduction of Trx3 in vivo. Taken together, Fmp40, through control of the reduction of mitochondrial redoxins, regulates the hydrogen peroxide, GSH and NADPH signaling influencing the yeast cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Masanta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Aneta Wiesyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Chiranjit Panja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pilch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Ciesla
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Marta Sipko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Abhipsita De
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Tuguldur Enkhbaatar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Roman Maslanka
- Institute of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland.
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Leszto K, Biskup L, Korona K, Marcinkowska W, Możdżan M, Węgiel A, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Selenium as a Modulator of Redox Reactions in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:688. [PMID: 38929127 PMCID: PMC11201165 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases stand as the predominant global cause of mortality, exerting a profound impact on both life expectancy and its quality. Given their immense public health burden, extensive efforts have been dedicated to comprehending the underlying mechanisms and developing strategies for prevention and treatment. Selenium, a crucial participant in redox reactions, emerges as a notable factor in maintaining myocardial cell homeostasis and influencing the progression of cardiovascular disorders. Some disorders, such as Keshan disease, are directly linked with its environmental deficiency. Nevertheless, the precise extent of its impact on the cardiovascular system remains unclear, marked by contradictory findings in the existing literature. High selenium levels have been associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension, while lower concentrations have been linked to heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Although some trials have shown its potential effectiveness in specific groups of patients, large cohort supplementation attempts have generally yielded unsatisfactory outcomes. Consequently, there persists a significant need for further research aimed at delineating specific patient cohorts and groups of diseases that would benefit from selenium supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Leszto
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (K.L.)
| | - Laura Biskup
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (K.L.)
| | - Klaudia Korona
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (K.L.)
| | - Weronika Marcinkowska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (K.L.)
| | - Maria Możdżan
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (K.L.)
| | - Andrzej Węgiel
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (K.L.)
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (K.L.)
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (K.L.)
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Fu J, Li S, Guan H, Li C, Chen TT, Xian W, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Guan Q, Wang J, Lu Q, Kang L, Zheng SR, Li J, Cao S, Das C, Liu X, Song L, Ouyang S, Luo ZQ. Legionella maintains host cell ubiquitin homeostasis by effectors with unique catalytic mechanisms. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4431542. [PMID: 38826349 PMCID: PMC11142304 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4431542/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The reversal of ubiquitination induced by members of the SidE effector family of Legionella pneumophila produces phosphoribosyl ubiquitin (PR-Ub) that is potentially detrimental to host cells. Here we show that the effector LnaB functions to transfer the AMP moiety from ATP to the phosphoryl moiety of PR-Ub to convert it into ADP-ribosylated ubiquitin (ADPR-Ub), which is further processed to ADP-ribose and functional ubiquitin by the (ADP-ribosyl)hydrolase MavL, thus maintaining ubiquitin homeostasis in infected cells. Upon being activated by Actin, LnaB also undergoes self-AMPylation on tyrosine residues. The activity of LnaB requires a motif consisting of Ser, His and Glu (S-HxxxE) present in a large family of toxins from diverse bacterial pathogens. Our study not only reveals intricate mechanisms for a pathogen to maintain ubiquitin homeostasis but also identifies a new family of enzymes capable of protein AMPylation, suggesting that this posttranslational modification is widely used in signaling during host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Siying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongxin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions-Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Tao-Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions-Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Wei Xian
- Department of Microbiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China 100191
| | - Zhengrui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Qingtian Guan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions-Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Qiuhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions-Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Lina Kang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions-Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Si-Ru Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions-Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Shoujing Cao
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Chittaranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China 100191
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Songying Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions-Fujian Province University, the Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhao-Qing Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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8
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Hu Y, Lopez VA, Xu H, Pfister JP, Song B, Servage KA, Sakurai M, Jones BT, Mendell JT, Wang T, Wu J, Lambowitz AM, Tomchick DR, Pawłowski K, Tagliabracci VS. Biochemical and structural insights into a 5' to 3' RNA ligase reveal a potential role in tRNA ligation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590974. [PMID: 38712170 PMCID: PMC11071452 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
ATP-grasp superfamily enzymes contain a hand-like ATP-binding fold and catalyze a variety of reactions using a similar catalytic mechanism. More than 30 protein families are categorized in this superfamily, and they are involved in a plethora of cellular processes and human diseases. Here we identify C12orf29 as an atypical ATP-grasp enzyme that ligates RNA. Human C12orf29 and its homologs auto-adenylate on an active site Lys residue as part of a reaction intermediate that specifically ligates RNA halves containing a 5'-phosphate and a 3'-hydroxyl. C12orf29 binds tRNA in cells and can ligate tRNA within the anticodon loop in vitro. Genetic depletion of c12orf29 in female mice alters global tRNA levels in brain. Furthermore, crystal structures of a C12orf29 homolog from Yasminevirus bound to nucleotides reveal a minimal and atypical RNA ligase fold with a unique active site architecture that participates in catalysis. Collectively, our results identify C12orf29 as an RNA ligase and suggest its involvement in tRNA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Victor A. Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Hengyi Xu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Oncology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - James P. Pfister
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Bing Song
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Kelly A. Servage
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Masahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Benjamin T. Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Joshua T. Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Alan M. Lambowitz
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Oncology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Diana R. Tomchick
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Vincent S. Tagliabracci
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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9
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Mostert D, Bubeneck WA, Rauh T, Kielkowski P, Itzen A, Jung K, Sieber SA. Pronucleotide Probes Reveal a Diverging Specificity for AMPylation vs UMPylation of Human and Bacterial Nucleotide Transferases. Biochemistry 2024; 63:651-659. [PMID: 38388156 PMCID: PMC10918828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AMPylation is a post-translational modification utilized by human and bacterial cells to modulate the activity and function of specific proteins. Major AMPylators such as human FICD and bacterial VopS have been studied extensively for their substrate and target scope in vitro. Recently, an AMP pronucleotide probe also facilitated the in situ analysis of AMPylation in living cells. Based on this technology, we here introduce a novel UMP pronucleotide probe and utilize it to profile uninfected and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infected human cells. Mass spectrometric analysis of labeled protein targets reveals an unexpected promiscuity of human nucleotide transferases with an almost identical target set of AMP- and UMPylated proteins. Vice versa, studies in cells infected by V. parahaemolyticus and its effector VopS revealed solely AMPylation of host enzymes, highlighting a so far unknown specificity of this transferase for ATP. Taken together, pronucleotide probes provide an unprecedented insight into the in situ activity profile of crucial nucleotide transferases, which can largely differ from their in vitro activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Mostert
- Center
for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Chemistry,
Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Technical
University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Andrei Bubeneck
- Center
for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Chemistry,
Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Technical
University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Theresa Rauh
- Center
for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Chemistry,
Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Technical
University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Pavel Kielkowski
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Aymelt Itzen
- Department
of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Department
of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Sieber
- Center
for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Chemistry,
Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Technical
University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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10
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Suskiewicz MJ. The logic of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs): Chemistry, mechanisms and evolution of protein regulation through covalent attachments. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300178. [PMID: 38247183 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a crucial role in all cellular functions by regulating protein activity, interactions and half-life. Despite the enormous diversity of modifications, various PTM systems show parallels in their chemical and catalytic underpinnings. Here, focussing on modifications that involve the addition of new elements to amino-acid sidechains, I describe historical milestones and fundamental concepts that support the current understanding of PTMs. The historical survey covers selected key research programmes, including the study of protein phosphorylation as a regulatory switch, protein ubiquitylation as a degradation signal and histone modifications as a functional code. The contribution of crucial techniques for studying PTMs is also discussed. The central part of the essay explores shared chemical principles and catalytic strategies observed across diverse PTM systems, together with mechanisms of substrate selection, the reversibility of PTMs by erasers and the recognition of PTMs by reader domains. Similarities in the basic chemical mechanism are highlighted and their implications are discussed. The final part is dedicated to the evolutionary trajectories of PTM systems, beginning with their possible emergence in the context of rivalry in the prokaryotic world. Together, the essay provides a unified perspective on the diverse world of major protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin J Suskiewicz
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS - Orléans, UPR 4301, affiliated with Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
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11
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Baranowski B, Krysińska M, Gradowski M. KINtaro: protein kinase-like database. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:50. [PMID: 38365785 PMCID: PMC10870513 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The superfamily of protein kinases features a common Protein Kinase-like (PKL) three-dimensional fold. Proteins with PKL structure can also possess enzymatic activities other than protein phosphorylation, such as AMPylation or glutamylation. PKL proteins play a vital role in the world of living organisms, contributing to the survival of pathogenic bacteria inside host cells, as well as being involved in carcinogenesis and neurological diseases in humans. The superfamily of PKL proteins is constantly growing. Therefore, it is crucial to gather new information about PKL families. RESULTS To this end, the KINtaro database ( http://bioinfo.sggw.edu.pl/kintaro/ ) has been created as a resource for collecting and sharing such information. KINtaro combines protein sequence information and additional annotations for more than 70 PKL families, including 32 families not associated with PKL superfamily in established protein domain databases. KINtaro is searchable by keywords and by protein sequence and provides family descriptions, sequences, sequence alignments, HMM models, 3D structure models, experimental structures with PKL domain annotations and sequence logos with catalytic residue annotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Baranowski
- Laboratory of Plant Pathogenesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marianna Krysińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Gradowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Fatima N, Best OG, Belov L, Christopherson RI. The effect of HYPE knock-out on the AMPylome of human OSU-CLL leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2024; 65:242-249. [PMID: 37933638 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2275530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In humans, AMPylation of cellular proteins is carried out by Huntingtin yeast-interacting protein E (HYPE), activated under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress, such as in cancer cells. Extracts of the human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell line, OSU-CLL, were fractionated using immuno-precipitation with antibodies against adenosine-phosphate and then AMP-Tyr. The proteins isolated were modified with AMP, the 'AMPylome.' AMP-labelled peptides isolated from HYPE wild-type (WT) and HYPE knock-out (KO) cells were identified using tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 213 proteins were identified from WT cell extracts, while only 23 of these were pulled down from KO cells, consistent with the presence of another AMPylator, besides HYPE. The KO cells were more sensitive to fludarabine nucleoside (2-FaraA) than WT cells. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of the AMPylated proteins identified in WT cells clustered actin binding proteins of the cytoskeleton, and proteins of the RHO GTPase pathway that would jointly stimulate cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjis Fatima
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - O Giles Best
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Larissa Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Schaeffer RD, Zhang J, Medvedev KE, Kinch LN, Cong Q, Grishin NV. ECOD domain classification of 48 whole proteomes from AlphaFold Structure Database using DPAM2. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011586. [PMID: 38416793 PMCID: PMC10927120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein structure prediction has now been deployed widely across several different large protein sets. Large-scale domain annotation of these predictions can aid in the development of biological insights. Using our Evolutionary Classification of Protein Domains (ECOD) from experimental structures as a basis for classification, we describe the detection and cataloging of domains from 48 whole proteomes deposited in the AlphaFold Database. On average, we can provide positive classification (either of domains or other identifiable non-domain regions) for 90% of residues in all proteomes. We classified 746,349 domains from 536,808 proteins comprised of over 226,424,000 amino acid residues. We examine the varying populations of homologous groups in both eukaryotes and bacteria. In addition to containing a higher fraction of disordered regions and unassigned domains, eukaryotes show a higher proportion of repeated proteins, both globular and small repeats. We enumerate those highly populated domains that are shared in both eukaryotes and bacteria, such as the Rossmann domains, TIM barrels, and P-loop domains. Additionally, we compare the sampling of homologous groups from this whole proteome set against our stable ECOD reference and discuss groups that have been enriched by structure predictions. Finally, we discuss the implication of these results for protein target selection for future classification strategies for very large protein sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Dustin Schaeffer
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kirill E. Medvedev
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisa N. Kinch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qian Cong
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nick V. Grishin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
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14
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Ferreira RR, Carvalho RV, Coelho LL, Gonzaga BMDS, Bonecini-Almeida MDG, Garzoni LR, Araujo-Jorge TC. Current Understanding of Human Polymorphism in Selenoprotein Genes: A Review of Its Significance as a Risk Biomarker. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1402. [PMID: 38338681 PMCID: PMC10855570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenium has been proven to influence several biological functions, showing to be an essential micronutrient. The functional studies demonstrated the benefits of a balanced selenium diet and how its deficiency is associated with diverse diseases, especially cancer and viral diseases. Selenium is an antioxidant, protecting the cells from damage, enhancing the immune system response, preventing cardiovascular diseases, and decreasing inflammation. Selenium can be found in its inorganic and organic forms, and its main form in the cells is the selenocysteine incorporated into selenoproteins. Twenty-five selenoproteins are currently known in the human genome: glutathione peroxidases, iodothyronine deiodinases, thioredoxin reductases, selenophosphate synthetase, and other selenoproteins. These proteins lead to the transport of selenium in the tissues, protect against oxidative damage, contribute to the stress of the endoplasmic reticulum, and control inflammation. Due to these functions, there has been growing interest in the influence of polymorphisms in selenoproteins in the last two decades. Selenoproteins' gene polymorphisms may influence protein structure and selenium concentration in plasma and its absorption and even impact the development and progression of certain diseases. This review aims to elucidate the role of selenoproteins and understand how their gene polymorphisms can influence the balance of physiological conditions. In this polymorphism review, we focused on the PubMed database, with only articles published in English between 2003 and 2023. The keywords used were "selenoprotein" and "polymorphism". Articles that did not approach the theme subject were excluded. Selenium and selenoproteins still have a long way to go in molecular studies, and several works demonstrated the importance of their polymorphisms as a risk biomarker for some diseases, especially cardiovascular and thyroid diseases, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodrigues Ferreira
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.V.C.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Regina Vieira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.V.C.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Laura Lacerda Coelho
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.V.C.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Beatriz Matheus de Souza Gonzaga
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.V.C.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Maria da Gloria Bonecini-Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Luciana Ribeiro Garzoni
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.V.C.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Tania C. Araujo-Jorge
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.V.C.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (L.R.G.)
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15
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Wu H, Xu T, Yang N, Zhang J, Xu S. Low-Se Diet Increased Mitochondrial ROS to Suppress Myoblasts Proliferation and Promote Apoptosis in Broilers via miR-365-3p/SelT Signaling Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:284-299. [PMID: 38109331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
microRNA (miRNA) controls the post-transcriptional translation of mRNA to affect the expression of many genes participating in functional interaction pathways. Selenoproteins are characterized by their antioxidant activity, wherein selenoprotein T (SelT) is an essential membrane-bound selenoprotein serving as a guardian of intracellular homeostasis. During muscle development and regeneration, myoblasts enter the cell cycle and rapidly proliferate. However, the role of SelT in muscle development and selenium (Se) deficiency-induced muscle damage remains poorly investigated. This study established Se deficient broiler models, chicken embryos models, and cultured chicken primary myoblasts in vitro. We showed that Se deficiency induced skeletal muscle damage in broilers, promoted miR-365-3p expression, and downregulated the level of SelT, significantly. The absence of SelT led to the accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide and downregulated mitochondrial dynamics gene expression, which, in turn, induced the disruption of mitochondria potential and blocked the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process. Limited ATP production rate caused by mitochondrial ROS overproduction went along with cell cycle arrest, cell proliferation slowness, and myocyte apoptosis increase. Using Mito-TEMPO for mitochondrial ROS elimination could effectively mitigate the above adverse reactions and significantly restore the proliferation potential of myoblasts. Moreover, we identified miR-365-3p, a miRNA that targeted SelT mRNA to inhibit myoblast proliferation by disrupting intracellular redox balance. The omics analysis results showed that Se deficiency led to the significant enrichment of "cell cycle", "oxidative stress response", and "oxidative phosphorylation" pathway genes. Finally, we proved that the effect of the miR-365-3p/SelT signaling axis on muscle development did exist in the chicken embryo stage. In summary, our findings revealed that miR-365-3p was involved in broiler skeletal muscle damage in Se deficiency by targeting SelT, and SelT, serving as an intracellular homeostasis guardian, resisted mitochondrial oxidative stress, and protected ATP generation, promoting myoblast proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. This study provides an attractive target for the cultivated meat industry and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Naixi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jiuli Zhang
- Heilongjiang Polytechnic, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
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16
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Osinski A, Tagliabracci VS. A domain of all trades: The enzymatic versatility of the NiRAN domain. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3758-3760. [PMID: 37922868 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 NiRAN domain is essential for viral replication. Despite adopting a pseudokinase fold, it catalyzes three distinct biochemical reactions from a single active site. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Small et al.1 elucidate the structural intricacies of the NiRAN domain shedding light on the factors that underlie its remarkable versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Osinski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vincent S Tagliabracci
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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17
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Varlamova EG, Baryshev AS, Gudkov SV, Babenko VA, Plotnikov EY, Turovsky EA. Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Protect Cortical Astrocytes from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation through Activation of the Ca 2+ Signaling System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14305. [PMID: 37762608 PMCID: PMC10531718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the works aimed at studying the cytoprotective properties of nanocerium are usually focused on the mechanisms of regulation of the redox status in cells while the complex effects of nanocerium on calcium homeostasis, the expression of pro-apoptotic and protective proteins are generally overlooked. There is a problem of a strong dependence of the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on their size, method of preparation and origin, which significantly limits their use in medicine. In this study, using the methods of molecular biology, immunocytochemistry, fluorescence microscopy and inhibitory analysis, the cytoprotective effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation on cultured astrocytes of the cerebral cortex under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation (ischemia-like conditions) are shown. The concentration effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on ROS production by astrocytes in an acute experiment and the effects of cell pre-incubation with nanocerium on ROS production under OGD conditions were studied. The dose dependence for nanocerium protection of cortical astrocytes from a global increase in calcium ions during oxygen-glucose deprivation and cell death were demonstrated. The concentration range of cerium oxide nanoparticles at which they have a pro-oxidant effect on cells has been identified. The effect of nanocerium concentrations on astrocyte preconditioning, accompanied by increased expression of protective proteins and limited ROS production induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation, has been investigated. In particular, a correlation was found between an increase in the concentration of cytosolic calcium under the action of nanocerium and the suppression of cell death. As a result, the positive and negative effects of nanocerium under oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation in astrocytes were revealed at the molecular level. Nanocerium was found to act as a "double-edged sword" and to have a strictly defined concentration therapeutic "window".
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Varlamova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Baryshev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilove St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilove St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina A. Babenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor A. Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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18
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Baranowski B, Pawłowski K. Protein family neighborhood analyzer-ProFaNA. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15715. [PMID: 37492397 PMCID: PMC10364804 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functionally related genes are well known to be often grouped in close vicinity in the genomes, particularly in prokaryotes. Notwithstanding the diverse evolutionary mechanisms leading to this phenomenon, it can be used to predict functions of uncharacterized genes. Methods Here, we provide a simple but robust statistical approach that leverages the vast amounts of genomic data available today. Considering a protein domain as a functional unit, one can explore other functional units (domains) that significantly often occur within the genomic neighborhoods of the queried domain. This analysis can be performed across different taxonomic levels. Provisions can also be made to correct for the uneven sampling of the taxonomic space by genomic sequencing projects that often focus on large numbers of very closely related strains, e.g., pathogenic ones. To this end, an optional procedure for averaging occurrences within subtaxa is available. Results Several examples show this approach can provide useful functional predictions for uncharacterized gene families, and how to combine this information with other approaches. The method is made available as a web server at http://bioinfo.sggw.edu.pl/neighborhood_analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Baranowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Department of Translational Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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19
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Slanina H, Madhugiri R, Wenk K, Reinke T, Schultheiß K, Schultheis J, Karl N, Linne U, Ziebuhr J. Conserved Characteristics of NMPylation Activities of Alpha- and Betacoronavirus NiRAN Domains. J Virol 2023; 97:e0046523. [PMID: 37199624 PMCID: PMC10308930 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00465-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus genome replication and expression are mediated by the viral replication-transcription complex (RTC) which is assembled from multiple nonstructural proteins (nsp). Among these, nsp12 represents the central functional subunit. It harbors the RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain and contains, at its N terminus, an additional domain called NiRAN which is widely conserved in coronaviruses and other nidoviruses. In this study, we produced bacterially expressed coronavirus nsp12s to investigate and compare NiRAN-mediated NMPylation activities from representative alpha- and betacoronaviruses. We found that the four coronavirus NiRAN domains characterized to date have a number of conserved properties, including (i) robust nsp9-specific NMPylation activities that appear to operate largely independently of the C-terminal RdRp domain, (ii) nucleotide substrate preference for UTP followed by ATP and other nucleotides, (iii) dependence on divalent metal ions, with Mn2+ being preferred over Mg2+, and (iv) a key role of N-terminal residues (particularly Asn2) of nsp9 for efficient formation of a covalent phosphoramidate bond between NMP and the N-terminal amino group of nsp9. In this context, a mutational analysis confirmed the conservation and critical role of Asn2 across different subfamilies of the family Coronaviridae, as shown by studies using chimeric coronavirus nsp9 variants in which six N-terminal residues were replaced with those from other corona-, pito- and letovirus nsp9 homologs. The combined data of this and previous studies reveal a remarkable degree of conservation among coronavirus NiRAN-mediated NMPylation activities, supporting a key role of this enzymatic activity in viral RNA synthesis and processing. IMPORTANCE There is strong evidence that coronaviruses and other large nidoviruses evolved a number of unique enzymatic activities, including an additional RdRp-associated NiRAN domain, that are conserved in nidoviruses but not in most other RNA viruses. Previous studies of the NiRAN domain mainly focused on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and suggested different functions for this domain, such as NMPylation/RNAylation of nsp9, RNA guanylyltransferase activities involved in canonical and/or unconventional RNA capping pathways, and other functions. To help resolve partly conflicting information on substrate specificities and metal ion requirements reported previously for the SARS-CoV-2 NiRAN NMPylation activity, we extended these earlier studies by characterizing representative alpha- and betacoronavirus NiRAN domains. The study revealed that key features of NiRAN-mediated NMPylation activities, such as protein and nucleotide specificity and metal ion requirements, are very well conserved among genetically divergent coronaviruses, suggesting potential avenues for future antiviral drug development targeting this essential viral enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Slanina
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Kai Wenk
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tess Reinke
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin Schultheiß
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Schultheis
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nadja Karl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Linne
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - John Ziebuhr
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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20
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Chaudière J. Biological and Catalytic Properties of Selenoproteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10109. [PMID: 37373256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenocysteine is a catalytic residue at the active site of all selenoenzymes in bacteria and mammals, and it is incorporated into the polypeptide backbone by a co-translational process that relies on the recoding of a UGA termination codon into a serine/selenocysteine codon. The best-characterized selenoproteins from mammalian species and bacteria are discussed with emphasis on their biological function and catalytic mechanisms. A total of 25 genes coding for selenoproteins have been identified in the genome of mammals. Unlike the selenoenzymes of anaerobic bacteria, most mammalian selenoenzymes work as antioxidants and as redox regulators of cell metabolism and functions. Selenoprotein P contains several selenocysteine residues and serves as a selenocysteine reservoir for other selenoproteins in mammals. Although extensively studied, glutathione peroxidases are incompletely understood in terms of local and time-dependent distribution, and regulatory functions. Selenoenzymes take advantage of the nucleophilic reactivity of the selenolate form of selenocysteine. It is used with peroxides and their by-products such as disulfides and sulfoxides, but also with iodine in iodinated phenolic substrates. This results in the formation of Se-X bonds (X = O, S, N, or I) from which a selenenylsulfide intermediate is invariably produced. The initial selenolate group is then recycled by thiol addition. In bacterial glycine reductase and D-proline reductase, an unusual catalytic rupture of selenium-carbon bonds is observed. The exchange of selenium for sulfur in selenoproteins, and information obtained from model reactions, suggest that a generic advantage of selenium compared with sulfur relies on faster kinetics and better reversibility of its oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Chaudière
- CBMN (CNRS, UMR 5248), University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
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21
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Staneviciene I, Levinas D, Sadauskiene I, Liekis A, Viezeliene D, Kursvietiene L, Naginiene R, Baranauskiene D, Simakauskiene V, Vaitkiene P, Miniotaite G, Sulinskiene J. Effect of Organic Selenium on the Homeostasis of Trace Elements, Lipid Peroxidation, and mRNA Expression of Antioxidant Proteins in Mouse Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119704. [PMID: 37298655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) In this study we determined the effect of long-term selenomethionine administration on the oxidative stress level and changes in antioxidant protein/enzyme activity; mRNA expression; and the levels of iron, zinc, and copper. (2) Experiments were performed on 4-6-week-old BALB/c mice, which were given selenomethionine (0.4 mg Se/kg b.w.) solution for 8 weeks. The element concentration was determined via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. mRNA expression of SelenoP, Cat, and Sod1 was quantified using real-time quantitative reverse transcription. Malondialdehyde content and catalase activity were determined spectrophotometrically. (3) After long-term SeMet administration, the amount of Se increased by 12-fold in mouse blood, 15-fold in the liver, and 42-fold in the brain, as compared to that in the control. Exposure to SeMet decreased amounts of Fe and Cu in blood, but increased Fe and Zn levels in the liver and increased the levels of all examined elements in the brain. Se increased malondialdehyde content in the blood and brain but decreased it in liver. SeMet administration increased the mRNA expression of selenoprotein P, dismutase, and catalase, but decreased catalase activity in brain and liver. (4) Eight-week-long selenomethionine consumption elevated Se levels in the blood, liver, and especially in the brain and disturbed the homeostasis of Fe, Zn, and Cu. Moreover, Se induced lipid peroxidation in the blood and brain, but not in the liver. In response to SeMet exposure, significant up-regulation of the mRNA expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and selenoprotein P in the brain, and especially in the liver, was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Staneviciene
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus St. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovydas Levinas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus St. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ilona Sadauskiene
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus St. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu St. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Liekis
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu St. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dale Viezeliene
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus St. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lolita Kursvietiene
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus St. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rima Naginiene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu St. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dale Baranauskiene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu St. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Simakauskiene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu St. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulina Vaitkiene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu St. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Miniotaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu St. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Sulinskiene
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus St. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu St. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
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22
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Zacharchenko T, Dorendorf T, Locker N, Van Dijk E, Katzemich A, Diederichs K, Bullard B, Mayans O. PK1 from Drosophila obscurin is an inactive pseudokinase with scaffolding properties. Open Biol 2023; 13:220350. [PMID: 37121260 PMCID: PMC10129394 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obscurins are large filamentous proteins with crucial roles in the assembly, stability and regulation of muscle. Characteristic of these proteins is a tandem of two C-terminal kinase domains, PK1 and PK2, that are separated by a long intrinsically disordered sequence. The significance of this conserved domain arrangement is unknown. Our study of PK1 from Drosophila obscurin shows that this is a pseudokinase with features typical of the CAM-kinase family, but which carries a minimalistic regulatory tail that no longer binds calmodulin or has mechanosensory properties typical of other sarcomeric kinases. PK1 binds ATP with high affinity, but in the absence of magnesium and lacks detectable phosphotransfer activity. It also has a highly diverged active site, strictly conserved across arthropods, that might have evolved to accommodate an unconventional binder. We find that PK1 interacts with PK2, suggesting a functional relation to the latter. These findings lead us to speculate that PK1/PK2 form a pseudokinase/kinase dual system, where PK1 might act as an allosteric regulator of PK2 and where mechanosensing properties, akin to those described for regulatory tails in titin-like kinases, might now reside on the unstructured interkinase segment. We propose that the PK1-interkinase-PK2 region constitutes an integrated functional unit in obscurin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zacharchenko
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Till Dorendorf
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Locker
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Evert Van Dijk
- Biosynth B.V., Zuidersluisweg 2, 8243 RC Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kay Diederichs
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Olga Mayans
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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23
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Wu Y, Shi H, Xu Y, Wen R, Gong M, Hong G, Xu S. Selenoprotein Gene mRNA Expression Evaluation During Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats and Ebselen Intervention Effects. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1792-1805. [PMID: 35553364 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Effects of selenoproteins on many renal diseases have been reported. However, their role in renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is unclear. The present study was performed to investigate the impact of ebselen and renal I/R injury on the expression of selenoproteins. Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with or without ebselen (10 mg/kg) through a daily single oral administration from 3 days before renal I/R surgery. RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative PCR) was performed to determine the mRNA expression of 25 selenoprotein genes in the renal tissues. The expression levels of two selenoproteins, including GPX3 (glutathione peroxidase 3) and DIO1 (iodothyronine deiodinase 1), were evaluated by Western blot or/and IHF (immunohistofluorescence) assays. Furthermore, renal function, renal damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were assessed. The results showed that in renal I/R injury, the mRNA levels of 15 selenoprotein genes (GPX1, GPX3, GPX4, DIO1, DIO2, TXNRD2, TXNRD3, SEPHS2, MSRB1, SELENOF, SELENOK, SELENOO, SELENOP, SELENOS, and SELENOT) were decreased, whereas those of eight selenoprotein genes (GPX2, GPX6, DIO3, TXNRD1, SELENOH, SELENOM, SELENOV, and SELENOW) were increased. I/R also induced a reduction in the expression levels of GPX3 and DIO1 proteins. In addition, our results indicated that ebselen reversed the changes in those selenoprotein genes, excluding SELENOH, SELENOM, SELENOP, and SELENOT, in renal I/R injury and alleviated I/R-induced renal dysfunction, tissue damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the changes of 25 mammalian selenoprotein genes in renal I/R injury kidneys. The present study also provided more evidence for the roles of ebselen against renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Wu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hua Shi
- Department of Urology, Tongren City People's Hospital, Tongren, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuangao Xu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83, East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rao Wen
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83, East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Maodi Gong
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83, East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guangyi Hong
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuxiong Xu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83, East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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24
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Pon A, Osinski A, Sreelatha A. Redefining pseudokinases: A look at the untapped enzymatic potential of pseudokinases. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:370-376. [PMID: 36602414 PMCID: PMC10050101 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Catalytically inactive kinases, known as pseudokinases, are conserved in all three domains of life. Due to the lack of catalytic residues, pseudokinases are considered to act as allosteric regulators and scaffolding proteins with no enzymatic function. However, since these "dead" kinases are conserved along with their active counterparts, a role for pseudokinases may have been overlooked. In this review, we will discuss the recently characterized pseudokinases Selenoprotein O, Legionella effector SidJ, and the SARS-CoV2 protein nsp12 which catalyze AMPylation, glutamylation, and RNAylation, respectively. These studies provide structural and mechanistic insight into the versatility and diversity of the kinase fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pon
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adam Osinski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anju Sreelatha
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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25
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Schaeffer RD, Zhang J, Kinch LN, Pei J, Cong Q, Grishin NV. Classification of domains in predicted structures of the human proteome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214069120. [PMID: 36917664 PMCID: PMC10041065 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214069120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in protein structure prediction have generated accurate structures of previously uncharacterized human proteins. Identifying domains in these predicted structures and classifying them into an evolutionary hierarchy can reveal biological insights. Here, we describe the detection and classification of domains from the human proteome. Our classification indicates that only 62% of residues are located in globular domains. We further classify these globular domains and observe that the majority (65%) can be classified among known folds by sequence, with a smaller fraction (33%) requiring structural data to refine the domain boundaries and/or to support their homology. A relatively small number (966 domains) cannot be confidently assigned using our automatic pipelines, thus demanding manual inspection. We classify 47,576 domains, of which only 23% have been included in experimental structures. A portion (6.3%) of these classified globular domains lack sequence-based annotation in InterPro. A quarter (23%) have not been structurally modeled by homology, and they contain 2,540 known disease-causing single amino acid variations whose pathogenesis can now be inferred using AF models. A comparison of classified domains from a series of model organisms revealed expansions of several immune response-related domains in humans and a depletion of olfactory receptors. Finally, we use this classification to expand well-known protein families of biological significance. These classifications are presented on the ECOD website (http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/index_human.php).
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Dustin Schaeffer
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Lisa N. Kinch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Jimin Pei
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Qian Cong
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Nick V. Grishin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
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26
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Gulen B, Casey A, Orth K. AMPylation of small GTPases by Fic enzymes. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:883-891. [PMID: 36239538 PMCID: PMC10050140 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Small GTPases orchestrate numerous cellular pathways, acting as molecular switches and regulatory hubs to transmit molecular signals and because of this, they are often the target of pathogens. During infection, pathogens manipulate host cellular networks using post-translational modifications (PTMs). AMPylation, the modification of proteins with AMP, has been identified as a common PTM utilized by pathogens to hijack GTPase signalling during infection. AMPylation is primarily carried out by enzymes with a filamentation induced by cyclic-AMP (Fic) domain. Modification of small GTPases by AMP renders GTPases impervious to upstream regulatory inputs, resulting in unregulated downstream effector outputs for host cellular processes. Here, we overview Fic-mediated AMPylation of small GTPases by pathogens and other related PTMs catalysed by Fic enzymes on GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Gulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Casey
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
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27
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Ramanathan R, Hatzios SK. Activity-based Tools for Interrogating Host Biology During Infection. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202200095. [PMID: 37744997 PMCID: PMC10512441 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Host cells sense and respond to pathogens by dynamically regulating cell signaling. The rapid modulation of signaling pathways is achieved by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that can alter protein structure, function, and/or binding interactions. By using chemical probes to broadly profile changes in enzyme function or side-chain reactivity, activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) can reveal PTMs that regulate host-microbe interactions. While ABPP has been widely utilized to uncover microbial mechanisms of pathogenesis, in this review, we focus on more recent applications of this technique to the discovery of host PTMs and enzymes that modulate signaling within infected cells. Collectively, these advances underscore the importance of ABPP as a tool for interrogating the host response to infection and identifying potential targets for host-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
| | - Stavroula K. Hatzios
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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28
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Abstract
RNA ligases are present across all forms of life. While enzymatic RNA ligation between 5'-PO4 and 3'-OH termini is prevalent in viruses, fungi, and plants, such RNA ligases are yet to be identified in vertebrates. Here, using a nucleotide-based chemical probe targeting human AMPylated proteome, we have enriched and identified the hitherto uncharacterised human protein chromosome 12 open reading frame 29 (C12orf29) as a human enzyme promoting RNA ligation between 5'-PO4 and 3'-OH termini. C12orf29 catalyses ATP-dependent RNA ligation via a three-step mechanism, involving tandem auto- and RNA AMPylation. Knock-out of C12ORF29 gene impedes the cellular resilience to oxidative stress featuring concurrent RNA degradation, which suggests a role of C12orf29 in maintaining RNA integrity. These data provide the groundwork for establishing a human RNA repair pathway.
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29
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Frese M, Saumer P, Yuan Y, Herzog D, Höpfner D, Itzen A, Marx A. The Alarmone Diadenosine Tetraphosphate as a Cosubstrate for Protein AMPylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213279. [PMID: 36524454 PMCID: PMC10107192 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diadenosine polyphosphates (Apn As) are non-canonical nucleotides whose cellular concentrations increase during stress and are therefore termed alarmones, signaling homeostatic imbalance. Their cellular role is poorly understood. In this work, we assessed Apn As for their usage as cosubstrates for protein AMPylation, a post-translational modification in which adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is transferred to proteins. In humans, AMPylation mediated by the AMPylator FICD with ATP as a cosubstrate is a response to ER stress. Herein, we demonstrate that Ap4 A is proficiently consumed for AMPylation by FICD. By chemical proteomics using a new chemical probe, we identified new potential AMPylation targets. Interestingly, we found that AMPylation targets of FICD may differ depending on the nucleotide cosubstrate. These results may suggest that signaling at elevated Ap4 A levels during cellular stress differs from when Ap4 A is present at low concentrations, allowing response to extracellular cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Frese
- Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Philip Saumer
- Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yizhi Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Doreen Herzog
- Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dorothea Höpfner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aymelt Itzen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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30
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St. Louis BM, Quagliato SM, Lee PC. Bacterial effector kinases and strategies to identify their target host substrates. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1113021. [PMID: 36846793 PMCID: PMC9950578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1113021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical in regulating protein function by altering chemical characteristics of proteins. Phosphorylation is an integral PTM, catalyzed by kinases and reversibly removed by phosphatases, that modulates many cellular processes in response to stimuli in all living organisms. Consequently, bacterial pathogens have evolved to secrete effectors capable of manipulating host phosphorylation pathways as a common infection strategy. Given the importance of protein phosphorylation in infection, recent advances in sequence and structural homology search have significantly expanded the discovery of a multitude of bacterial effectors with kinase activity in pathogenic bacteria. Although challenges exist due to complexity of phosphorylation networks in host cells and transient interactions between kinases and substrates, approaches are continuously being developed and applied to identify bacterial effector kinases and their host substrates. In this review, we illustrate the importance of exploiting phosphorylation in host cells by bacterial pathogens via the action of effector kinases and how these effector kinases contribute to virulence through the manipulation of diverse host signaling pathways. We also highlight recent developments in the identification of bacterial effector kinases and a variety of techniques to characterize kinase-substrate interactions in host cells. Identification of host substrates provides new insights for regulation of host signaling during microbial infection and may serve as foundation for developing interventions to treat infection by blocking the activity of secreted effector kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendyn M. St. Louis
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sydney M. Quagliato
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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31
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Shannon A, Canard B. Kill or corrupt: Mechanisms of action and drug-resistance of nucleotide analogues against SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105501. [PMID: 36567022 PMCID: PMC9773703 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside/tide analogues (NAs) have long been used in the fight against viral diseases, and now present a promising option for the treatment of COVID-19. Once activated to the 5'-triphosphate state, NAs act by targeting the viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase for incorporation into the viral RNA genome. Incorporated analogues can either 'kill' (terminate) synthesis, or 'corrupt' (genetically or chemically) the RNA. Against coronaviruses, the use of NAs has been further complicated by the presence of a virally encoded exonuclease domain (nsp14) with proofreading and repair capacities. Here, we describe the mechanism of action of four promising anti-COVID-19 NAs; remdesivir, molnupiravir, favipiravir and bemnifosbuvir. Their distinct mechanisms of action best exemplify the concept of 'killers' and 'corruptors'. We review available data regarding their ability to be incorporated and excised, and discuss the specific structural features that dictate their overall potency, toxicity, and mutagenic potential. This should guide the synthesis of novel analogues, lend insight into the potential for resistance mutations, and provide a rational basis for upcoming combinations therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Shannon
- AFMB, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7257, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Bruno Canard
- AFMB, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7257, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 09, France.
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32
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Bhat A, Abu R, Jagadesan S, Vellichirammal NN, Pendyala VV, Yu L, Rudebush TL, Guda C, Zucker IH, Kumar V, Gao L. Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Novel Nrf2-Mediated Adaptative Signaling Pathways in Skeletal Muscle Following Exercise Training. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:151. [PMID: 36671013 PMCID: PMC9854705 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (ExT) improves skeletal muscle health via multiple adaptative pathways. Nrf2 is a principal antioxidant transcription factor responsible for maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis. In this study, we hypothesized that Nrf2 is essential for adaptative responses to ExT and thus beneficial for muscle. Experiments were carried out on male wild type (WT) and iMS-Nrf2flox/flox inducible muscle-specific Nrf2 (KO) mice, which were randomly assigned to serve as sedentary controls (Sed) or underwent 3 weeks of treadmill ExT thus generating four groups: WT-Sed, WT-ExT, KO-Sed, and KO-ExT groups. Mice were examined for exercise performance and in situ tibialis anterior (TA) contractility, followed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and bioinformatics to identify differentially expressed proteins and signaling pathways. We found that maximal running distance was significantly longer in the WT-ExT group compared to the WT-Sed group, whereas this capacity was impaired in KO-ExT mice. Force generation and fatigue tolerance of the TA were enhanced in WT-ExT, but reduced in KO-ExT, compared to Sed controls. Proteomic analysis further revealed that ExT upregulated 576 proteins in WT but downregulated 207 proteins in KO mice. These proteins represent pathways in redox homeostasis, mitochondrial respiration, and proteomic adaptation of muscle to ExT. In summary, our data suggest a critical role of Nrf2 in the beneficial effects of SkM and adaptation to ExT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bhat
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rafay Abu
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Ved Vasishtha Pendyala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tara L. Rudebush
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Irving H. Zucker
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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A secreted effector with a dual role as a toxin and as a transcriptional factor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7779. [PMID: 36522324 PMCID: PMC9755527 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved multiple secretion systems for delivering effector proteins into the cytosol of neighboring cells, but the roles of many of these effectors remain unknown. Here, we show that Yersinia pseudotuberculosis secretes an effector, CccR, that can act both as a toxin and as a transcriptional factor. The effector is secreted by a type VI secretion system (T6SS) and can enter nearby cells of the same species and other species (such as Escherichia coli) via cell-cell contact and in a contact-independent manner. CccR contains an N-terminal FIC domain and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain. In Y. pseudotuberculosis cells, CccR inhibits its own expression by binding through its DNA-binding domain to the cccR promoter, and affects the expression of other genes through unclear mechanisms. In E. coli cells, the FIC domain of CccR AMPylates the cell division protein FtsZ, inducing cell filamentation and growth arrest. Thus, our results indicate that CccR has a dual role, modulating gene expression in neighboring cells of the same species, and inhibiting the growth of competitors.
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Wesolowski LT, Semanchik PL, White-Springer SH. Beyond antioxidants: Selenium and skeletal muscle mitochondria. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1011159. [PMID: 36532343 PMCID: PMC9751202 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The element, Selenium (Se), has an essential nutritive and biological role as a trace mineral known primarily for its vital antioxidant functions as a constituent of the selenoenzyme, glutathione peroxidase. However, Se also has a much more global biological impact beyond antioxidant function. The objective of this review is to present an overview of prior research on the extra-antioxidant effects of Se with a key focus on skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics. Cognizance of these additional functions of Se is requisite when formulating and recommending dietary supplementation of Se in humans or animals. Chief amongst its myriad of biological contributions, Se influences mitochondrial capacity and function and, subsequently, muscular health. Dietary Se supplementation has been shown to increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density and within some cell lines, Se treatment increases mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory capacity. In addition, the selenoproteins H, N, W, and O and deiodinases exhibit varying effects on mitochondrial and/or skeletal muscle function. Selenoprotein H enhances mitochondrial biogenesis whereas selenoproteins N and W appear to influence muscle calcium homeostasis which impacts mitochondrial function. Moreover, selenoprotein O's intramitochondrial residence facilitates Se's redox function. Deiodinases regulate thyroid hormone activation which impacts muscle cell regeneration, metabolism, and reactive oxygen species production. Although the precise relationships between dietary Se and skeletal muscle mitochondria remain unclear, previous research constitutes a firm foundation that portends promising new discoveries by future investigations.
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35
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Dickinson Q, Aufschnaiter A, Ott M, Meyer JG. Multi-omic integration by machine learning (MIMaL). Bioinformatics 2022; 38:4908-4918. [PMID: 36106996 PMCID: PMC9801967 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Cells respond to environments by regulating gene expression to exploit resources optimally. Recent advances in technologies allow for measuring the abundances of RNA, proteins, lipids and metabolites. These highly complex datasets reflect the states of the different layers in a biological system. Multi-omics is the integration of these disparate methods and data to gain a clearer picture of the biological state. Multi-omic studies of the proteome and metabolome are becoming more common as mass spectrometry technology continues to be democratized. However, knowledge extraction through the integration of these data remains challenging. RESULTS Connections between molecules in different omic layers were discovered through a combination of machine learning and model interpretation. Discovered connections reflected protein control (ProC) over metabolites. Proteins discovered to control citrate were mapped onto known genetic and metabolic networks, revealing that these protein regulators are novel. Further, clustering the magnitudes of ProC over all metabolites enabled the prediction of five gene functions, each of which was validated experimentally. Two uncharacterized genes, YJR120W and YDL157C, were accurately predicted to modulate mitochondrial translation. Functions for three incompletely characterized genes were also predicted and validated, including SDH9, ISC1 and FMP52. A website enables results exploration and also MIMaL analysis of user-supplied multi-omic data. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The website for MIMaL is at https://mimal.app. Code for the website is at https://github.com/qdickinson/mimal-website. Code to implement MIMaL is at https://github.com/jessegmeyerlab/MIMaL. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Dickinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andreas Aufschnaiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Ott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesse G Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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36
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Sheetz JB, Lemmon MA. Looking lively: emerging principles of pseudokinase signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:875-891. [PMID: 35585008 PMCID: PMC9464697 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Progress towards understanding catalytically 'dead' protein kinases - pseudokinases - in biology and disease has hastened over the past decade. An especially lively area for structural biology, pseudokinases appear to be strikingly similar to their kinase relatives, despite lacking key catalytic residues. Distinct active- and inactive-like conformation states, which are crucial for regulating bona fide protein kinases, are conserved in pseudokinases and appear to be essential for function. We discuss recent structural data on conformational transitions and nucleotide binding by pseudokinases, from which some common principles emerge. In both pseudokinases and bona fide kinases, a conformational toggle appears to control the ability to interact with signaling effectors. We also discuss how biasing this conformational toggle may provide opportunities to target pseudokinases pharmacologically in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Sheetz
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06505, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | - Mark A Lemmon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06505, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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37
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Fels JA, Dash J, Leslie K, Manfredi G, Kawamata H. Effects of
PB‐TURSO
on the transcriptional and metabolic landscape of sporadic
ALS
fibroblasts. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1551-1564. [PMID: 36083004 PMCID: PMC9539390 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Interpretation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A. Fels
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1300 York Ave New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Jalia Dash
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Kent Leslie
- Amylyx Pharmaceuticals 43 Thorndike Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02141 USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Hibiki Kawamata
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
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38
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Park GJ, Osinski A, Hernandez G, Eitson JL, Majumdar A, Tonelli M, Henzler-Wildman K, Pawłowski K, Chen Z, Li Y, Schoggins JW, Tagliabracci VS. The mechanism of RNA capping by SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2022; 609:793-800. [PMID: 35944563 PMCID: PMC9492545 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 contains a 5′ cap that facilitates the translation of viral proteins, protection from exonucleases and evasion of the host immune response1–4. How this cap is made in SARS-CoV-2 is not completely understood. Here we reconstitute the N7- and 2′-O-methylated SARS-CoV-2 RNA cap (7MeGpppA2′-O-Me) using virally encoded non-structural proteins (nsps). We show that the kinase-like nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyltransferase (NiRAN) domain5 of nsp12 transfers the RNA to the amino terminus of nsp9, forming a covalent RNA–protein intermediate (a process termed RNAylation). Subsequently, the NiRAN domain transfers the RNA to GDP, forming the core cap structure GpppA-RNA. The nsp146 and nsp167 methyltransferases then add methyl groups to form functional cap structures. Structural analyses of the replication–transcription complex bound to nsp9 identified key interactions that mediate the capping reaction. Furthermore, we demonstrate in a reverse genetics system8 that the N terminus of nsp9 and the kinase-like active-site residues in the NiRAN domain are required for successful SARS-CoV-2 replication. Collectively, our results reveal an unconventional mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 caps its RNA genome, thus exposing a new target in the development of antivirals to treat COVID-19. Reconstitution of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA 5′ cap reveals the unconventional mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 caps its RNA genome, providing a new target in the development of antiviral agents to treat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina J Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adam Osinski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Genaro Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer L Eitson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Abir Majumdar
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marco Tonelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John W Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vincent S Tagliabracci
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. .,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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39
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Casey AK, Gray HF, Chimalapati S, Hernandez G, Moehlman AT, Stewart N, Fields HA, Gulen B, Servage KA, Stefanius K, Blevins A, Evers BM, Krämer H, Orth K. Fic-mediated AMPylation tempers the unfolded protein response during physiological stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208317119. [PMID: 35914137 PMCID: PMC9371680 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208317119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper balance of synthesis, folding, modification, and degradation of proteins, also known as protein homeostasis, is vital to cellular health and function. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated when the mechanisms maintaining protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum become overwhelmed. However, prolonged or strong UPR responses can result in elevated inflammation and cellular damage. Previously, we discovered that the enzyme filamentation induced by cyclic-AMP (Fic) can modulate the UPR response via posttranslational modification of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) by AMPylation during homeostasis and deAMPylation during stress. Loss of fic in Drosophila leads to vision defects and altered UPR activation in the fly eye. To investigate the importance of Fic-mediated AMPylation in a mammalian system, we generated a conditional null allele of Fic in mice and characterized the effect of Fic loss on the exocrine pancreas. Compared to controls, Fic-/- mice exhibit elevated serum markers for pancreatic dysfunction and display enhanced UPR signaling in the exocrine pancreas in response to physiological and pharmacological stress. In addition, both fic-/- flies and Fic-/- mice show reduced capacity to recover from damage by stress that triggers the UPR. These findings show that Fic-mediated AMPylation acts as a molecular rheostat that is required to temper the UPR response in the mammalian pancreas during physiological stress. Based on these findings, we propose that repeated physiological stress in differentiated tissues requires this rheostat for tissue resilience and continued function over the lifetime of an animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Casey
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Hillery F. Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Suneeta Chimalapati
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Genaro Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Andrew T. Moehlman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Nathan Stewart
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Hazel A. Fields
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Burak Gulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Kelly A. Servage
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Karoliina Stefanius
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Aubrie Blevins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Bret M. Evers
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Helmut Krämer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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40
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Switching off Bacterial Flagellar Biogenesis by YdiU-Mediated UMPylation of FlhDC. mBio 2022; 13:e0024922. [PMID: 35532215 PMCID: PMC9239255 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00249-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial flagellin activates the host immune system and triggers pyroptosis. Salmonella reduces flagellin expression when it survives within host cells. Here, we found that the UMPylator YdiU significantly altered the Salmonella flagellar biogenesis process upon host cell entry. The expression levels of class II and class III flagellar genes, but not the class I flagellar genes flhDC, were dramatically increased in a ΔydiU strain compared to wild-type (WT) Salmonella in a host-simulating environment. A direct interaction between YdiU and FlhDC was detected by bacterial two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, YdiU efficiently catalyzed the UMPylation of FlhC but not FlhD, FliA, or FliC. UMPylation of FlhC completely eliminated its DNA-binding activity. In vivo experiments showed that YdiU was required and sufficient for Salmonella flagellar control within host cells. Mice infected with the ΔydiU strain died much earlier than WT strain-infected mice and developed much more severe inflammation and injury in organs and much higher levels of cytokines in blood, demonstrating that early host death induced by the ΔydiU strain is probably due to excessive inflammation. Our results indicate that YdiU acts as an essential factor of Salmonella to mediate host immune escape.
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41
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Abstract
Iron limitation is a universal strategy of host immunity during bacterial infection. However, the mechanisms by which pathogens antagonize host nutritional immunity have not been fully elucidated. Here, we identified a requirement for the UMPylator YdiU for this process in Salmonella. The expression of YdiU was dramatically induced by the metal starvation signal. The intracellular iron content was much lower in the ΔydiU strain than in wild-type Salmonella, and the ΔydiU strain exhibited severe growth defect under metal deficiency environments. Genome-wide expression analyses revealed significantly decreased expression of iron uptake genes in ΔydiU strain compared with the wild-type strain. Interestingly, YdiU did not affect the expression level of the major iron uptake regulator Fur but directly UMPylated Fur on its H118 residue in vivo and in vitro. UMPylation destroyed the Fur dimer, promoted Fur aggregation, and eliminated the DNA-binding activity of Fur, thus abolishing the ability of Fur to inhibit iron uptake. Restricting Fur to the deUMPylated state dramatically eliminates Salmonella iron uptake in iron deficiency environments. In parallel, YdiU facilitates Salmonella survival within host cells by regulating the iron uptake pathway.
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42
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Lange SM, Kulathu Y. Purification, crystallization and drug screening of the IRAK pseudokinases. Methods Enzymol 2022; 667:101-121. [PMID: 35525539 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudokinases are emerging as critical components of cell signaling pathways. Consequently, the ability to obtain large quantities of pure protein for structural characterization and drug discovery efforts has become essential for the study of these proteins. Small molecules binding to pseudokinases may induce allosteric changes and serve as valuable tools to study the physiological roles of these "dead" enzymes. The IRAK family of kinases are key components of the innate immune response and the active IRAK family members, IRAK-1 and -4, have been extensively studied. However, the other two IRAKs, IRAK-2 and IRAK-3, are classified as pseudokinases and their detailed functions and roles remain to be described. In this chapter, we present comprehensive protocols for the purification of IRAKs, the crystallization of the pseudokinase domain of IRAK3, and a high-throughput drug screening pipeline using thermal shift and biolayer-interferometry assays to identify small molecule binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven M Lange
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Yogesh Kulathu
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
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43
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Fitzgibbon C, Meng Y, Murphy JM. Co-expression of recombinant RIPK3:MLKL complexes using the baculovirus-insect cell system. Methods Enzymol 2022; 667:183-227. [PMID: 35525542 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudokinase domains are found throughout the kingdoms of life and serve myriad roles in cell signaling. These domains, which resemble protein kinases but are catalytically-deficient, have been described principally as protein interaction domains. Broadly, pseudokinases have been reported to function as: allosteric regulators of conventional enzymes; scaffolds to nucleate assembly and/or localization of signaling complexes; molecular switches; or competitors of signaling complex assembly. From detailed structural and biochemical studies of individual pseudokinases, a picture of how they mediate protein interactions is beginning to emerge. Many such studies have relied on recombinant protein production in insect cells, where endogenous chaperones and modifying enzymes favor bona fide folding of pseudokinases. Here, we describe methods for co-expression of pseudokinases and their interactors in insect cells, as exemplified by the MLKL pseudokinase, which is the terminal effector in the necroptosis cell death pathway, and its upstream regulator kinase RIPK3. These methods are broadly applicable to co-expression of other pseudokinases with their interaction partners from bacmids using the baculovirus-insect cell expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yanxiang Meng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Black MH, Gradowski M, Pawłowski K, Tagliabracci VS. Methods for discovering catalytic activities for pseudokinases. Methods Enzymol 2022; 667:575-610. [PMID: 35525554 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoenzymes resemble active enzymes, but lack key catalytic residues believed to be required for activity. Many pseudoenzymes appear to be inactive in conventional enzyme assays. However, an alternative explanation for their apparent lack of activity is that pseudoenzymes are being assayed for the wrong reaction. We have discovered several new protein kinase-like families which have revealed how different binding orientations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and active site residue migration can generate a novel reaction from a common kinase scaffold. These results have exposed the catalytic versatility of the protein kinase fold and suggest that atypical kinases and pseudokinases should be analyzed for alternative transferase activities. In this chapter, we discuss a general approach for bioinformatically identifying divergent or atypical members of an enzyme superfamily, then present an experimental approach to characterize their catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles H Black
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Marcin Gradowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Vincent S Tagliabracci
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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45
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Grellet E, L'Hôte I, Goulet A, Imbert I. Replication of the coronavirus genome: A paradox among positive-strand RNA viruses. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101923. [PMID: 35413290 PMCID: PMC8994683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus (CoV) genomes consist of positive-sense single-stranded RNA and are among the largest viral RNAs known to date (∼30 kb). As a result, CoVs deploy sophisticated mechanisms to replicate these extraordinarily large genomes as well as to transcribe subgenomic messenger RNAs. Since 2003, with the emergence of three highly pathogenic CoVs (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2), significant progress has been made in the molecular characterization of the viral proteins and key mechanisms involved in CoV RNA genome replication. For example, to allow for the maintenance and integrity of their large RNA genomes, CoVs have acquired RNA proofreading 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity (in nonstructural protein nsp14). In order to replicate the large genome, the viral-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp; in nsp12) is supplemented by a processivity factor (made of the viral complex nsp7/nsp8), making it the fastest known RdRp. Lastly, a viral structural protein, the nucleocapsid (N) protein, which is primarily involved in genome encapsidation, is required for efficient viral replication and transcription. Therefore, CoVs are a paradox among positive-strand RNA viruses in the sense that they use both a processivity factor and have proofreading activity reminiscent of DNA organisms in addition to structural proteins that mediate efficient RNA synthesis, commonly used by negative-strand RNA viruses. In this review, we present a historical perspective of these unsuspected discoveries and detail the current knowledge on the core replicative machinery deployed by CoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Grellet
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AMU CNRS UMR 7255, LISM, Marseille, France
| | - India L'Hôte
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AMU CNRS UMR 7255, LISM, Marseille, France
| | - Adeline Goulet
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AMU CNRS UMR 7255, LISM, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Imbert
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AMU CNRS UMR 7255, LISM, Marseille, France.
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Li W, Feng SS, Wu H, Deng J, Zhou WY, Jia MX, Shi Y, Ma L, Zeng XX, Zuberi Z, Fu D, Liu X, Chen Z. Comprehensive Analysis of CDK1-Associated ceRNA Network Revealing the Key Pathways LINC00460/LINC00525-Hsa-Mir-338-FAM111/ZWINT as Prognostic Biomarkers in Lung Adenocarcinoma Combined with Experiments. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071220. [PMID: 35406786 PMCID: PMC8997540 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and effective biomarkers are still lacking for early detection and prognosis prediction. Here, based on gene expression profiles of LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 806 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 122 microRNAs (miRNAs) and 1269 mRNAs associated with CDK1 were identified. The regulatory axis of LINC00460/LINC00525-hsa-mir-338-FAM111B/ZWINT was determined according to the correlation between gene expression and patient prognosis. The abnormal up-regulation of FAM111B/ZWINT in LUAD was related to hypomethylation. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis suggested FAM111B/ZWINT could affect the development and prognosis of cancer by regulating the LUAD immune microenvironment. EMT feature analysis suggested that FAM111B/ZWINT promoted tumor spread through the EMT process. Functional analysis showed FAM111B/ZWINT was involved in cell cycle events such as DNA replication and chromosome separation. We analyzed the HERB and GSCALite databases to identify potential target medicines that may play a role in the treatment of LUAD. Finally, the expression of LINC00460/LINC00525-hsa-mir-338-FAM111B/ZWINT axis was verified in LUAD cells by RT-qPCR, and these results were consistent with bioinformatics analysis. Overall, we constructed a CDK1-related ceRNA network and revealed the LINC00460/LINC00525-hsa-mir-338-FAM111/ZWINT pathways as potential diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (W.L.); (S.-S.F.); (J.D.); (L.M.); (X.-X.Z.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (H.W.); (M.-X.J.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shan-Shan Feng
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (W.L.); (S.-S.F.); (J.D.); (L.M.); (X.-X.Z.)
| | - Hao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (H.W.); (M.-X.J.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (W.L.); (S.-S.F.); (J.D.); (L.M.); (X.-X.Z.)
| | - Wang-Yan Zhou
- Department of Medical Record, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
| | - Ming-Xi Jia
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (H.W.); (M.-X.J.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yi Shi
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (H.W.); (M.-X.J.); (Y.S.)
| | - Liang Ma
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (W.L.); (S.-S.F.); (J.D.); (L.M.); (X.-X.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Xi Zeng
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (W.L.); (S.-S.F.); (J.D.); (L.M.); (X.-X.Z.)
| | - Zavuga Zuberi
- Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 2958, Tanzania;
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China;
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-0734-889-9990 (X.L.); +86-158-6971-6968 (Z.C.)
| | - Zhu Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (W.L.); (S.-S.F.); (J.D.); (L.M.); (X.-X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-0734-889-9990 (X.L.); +86-158-6971-6968 (Z.C.)
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Park GJ, Osinski A, Hernandez G, Eitson JL, Majumdar A, Tonelli M, Henzler-Wildman K, Pawłowski K, Chen Z, Li Y, Schoggins JW, Tagliabracci VS. The mechanism of RNA capping by SARS-CoV-2. RESEARCH SQUARE 2022:rs.3.rs-1336910. [PMID: 35194601 PMCID: PMC8863163 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1336910/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome contains a 5'-cap that facilitates translation of viral proteins, protection from exonucleases and evasion of the host immune response1-4. How this cap is made is not completely understood. Here, we reconstitute the SARS-CoV-2 7MeGpppA2'-O-Me-RNA cap using virally encoded non-structural proteins (nsps). We show that the kinase-like NiRAN domain5 of nsp12 transfers RNA to the amino terminus of nsp9, forming a covalent RNA-protein intermediate (a process termed RNAylation). Subsequently, the NiRAN domain transfers RNA to GDP, forming the cap core structure GpppA-RNA. The nsp146 and nsp167 methyltransferases then add methyl groups to form functional cap structures. Structural analyses of the replication-transcription complex bound to nsp9 identified key interactions that mediate the capping reaction. Furthermore, we demonstrate in a reverse genetics system8 that the N-terminus of nsp9 and the kinase-like active site residues in the NiRAN domain are required for successful SARS-CoV-2 replication. Collectively, our results reveal an unconventional mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 caps its RNA genome, thus exposing a new target in the development of antivirals to treat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina J. Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adam Osinski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Genaro Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Eitson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Abir Majumdar
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Marco Tonelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John W. Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vincent S. Tagliabracci
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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A dual mechanism of action of AT-527 against SARS-CoV-2 polymerase. Nat Commun 2022; 13:621. [PMID: 35110538 PMCID: PMC8810794 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The guanosine analog AT-527 represents a promising candidate against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). AT-527 recently entered phase III clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19. Once in cells, AT-527 is converted into its triphosphate form, AT-9010, that presumably targets the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, nsp12), for incorporation into viral RNA. Here we report a 2.98 Å cryo-EM structure of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp12-nsp7-nsp82-RNA complex, showing AT-9010 bound at three sites of nsp12. In the RdRp active-site, one AT-9010 is incorporated at the 3′ end of the RNA product strand. Its modified ribose group (2′-fluoro, 2′-methyl) prevents correct alignment of the incoming NTP, in this case a second AT-9010, causing immediate termination of RNA synthesis. The third AT-9010 is bound to the N-terminal domain of nsp12 - known as the NiRAN. In contrast to native NTPs, AT-9010 is in a flipped orientation in the active-site, with its guanine base unexpectedly occupying a previously unnoticed cavity. AT-9010 outcompetes all native nucleotides for NiRAN binding, inhibiting its nucleotidyltransferase activity. The dual mechanism of action of AT-527 at both RdRp and NiRAN active sites represents a promising research avenue against COVID-19. The drug AT-527 targets the SARS-CoV-2 replication machinery. Here the authors use Cryo-EM to show how AT-527 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 polymerase by acting as an immediate RNA chain terminator and stably binding in a NiRAN active-site pocket; impeding an essential nucleotide-transfer activity.
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Dong H, Zhao Y, Bi C, Han Y, Zhang J, Bai X, Zhai G, Zhang H, Tian S, Hu D, Xu L, Zhang K. TmcA functions as a lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyryltransferase to regulate transcription. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:142-151. [PMID: 34903851 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) has recently been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes. However, the mechanism and functional consequence of Khib in prokaryotes remain unclear. Here we report that TmcA, an RNA acetyltransferase, functions as a lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyryltransferase in the regulation of transcription. We show that TmcA can effectively catalyze Khib both in vitro and intracellularly, and that R502 is a key site for the Khib catalytic activity of TmcA. Using quantitative proteomics, we identified 467 endogenous candidates targeted by TmcA for Khib in Escherichia coli. Interestingly, we demonstrate that TmcA can specifically modulate the DNA-binding activity of H-NS, a nucleoid-associated protein, by catalysis of Khib at K121. Furthermore, this TmcA-targeted Khib regulates transcription of acid-resistance genes and enhances E. coli survival under acid stress. Our study reveals transcription regulation mediated by TmcA-catalyzed Khib for bacterial acid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Dong
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changfen Bi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Han
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianji Zhang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Bai
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guijin Zhai
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Tian
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Deqing Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Lee KW, Shin Y, Lee S, Lee S. Inherited Disorders of Thyroid Hormone Metabolism Defect Caused by the Dysregulation of Selenoprotein Expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:803024. [PMID: 35126314 PMCID: PMC8807339 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.803024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent activation and functioning of thyroid hormones are essential to the human body as a whole, especially in controlling the metabolic rate of all organs and systems. Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones describes any process that interferes with the effectiveness of thyroid hormones. The genetic origin of inherited thyroid hormone defects and the investigation of genetic defects upon the processing of thyroid hormones are of utmost importance. Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone can be categorized into three conditions: thyroid hormone cell membrane transport defect (THCMTD), thyroid hormone metabolism defect (THMD), and thyroid hormone action defect (THAD). THMD is caused by defects in the synthesis and processing of deiodinases that convert the prohormone thyroxine (T4) to the active hormone triiodothyronine (T3). Deiodinase, a selenoprotein, requires unique translation machinery that is collectively composed of the selenocysteine (Sec) insertion sequence (SECIS) elements, Sec-insertion sequence-binding protein 2 (SECISBP2), Sec-specific eukaryotic elongation factor (EEFSEC), and Sec-specific tRNA (TRU-TCA1-1), which leads to the recognition of the UGA codon as a Sec codon for translation into the growing polypeptide. In addition, THMD could be expanded to the defects of enzymes that are involved in thyroid hormone conjugation, such as glucuronidation and sulphation. Paucity of inherited disorders in this category leaves them beyond the scope of this review. This review attempts to specifically explore the genomic causes and effects that result in a significant deficiency of T3 hormones due to inadequate function of deiodinases. Moreover, along with SECISBP2, TRU-TCA1-1, and deiodinase type-1 (DIO1) mutations, this review describes the variants in DIO2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) that result in the reduced activity of DIO2 and subsequent abnormal conversion of T3 from T4. Finally, this review provides additional insight into the general functionality of selenium supplementation and T3/T4 combination treatment in patients with hypothyroidism, suggesting the steps that need to be taken in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoochan Shin
- Laboratory of Genomics and Translational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sungahn Lee
- Laboratory of Genomics and Translational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sihoon Lee
- Laboratory of Genomics and Translational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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